FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Milcamps, A VanDommelen, A Stigter, J Vanderleyden, J deBruijn, FJ AF Milcamps, A VanDommelen, A Stigter, J Vanderleyden, J deBruijn, FJ TI The Azospirillum brasilense rpoN gene is involved in nitrogen fixation, nitrate assimilation, ammonium uptake, and flagellar biosynthesis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Azospirillum brasilense; sigma factor; nitrogen fixation; ammonium assimilation; motility ID RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI NTRA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; METHYLAMMONIUM TRANSPORT; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; SIGMA-54; PROMOTER; CLONING; IDENTIFICATION; MUTAGENESIS; EXPRESSION AB The rpoN (ntrA) gene (encoding sigma 54) of Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 was isolated by using conserved rpoN primers and the polymerase chain reaction. and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence of the RpoN protein was found to share a high degree of homology with other members of the sigma 54 family. Two additional open reading frames were found in the Azospirillum brasilense rpoN region, with significant similarity to equivalent regions surrounding the rpoN locus in other bacteria. An rpoN mutant of Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 was constructed by gene replacement and found to be defective in nitrogen fixation, nitrate assimilation, and ammonium uptake. Lack of ammonium uptake was also found in previously isolated Azospirillum brasilense ntrB and ntrC mutants, further supporting the role of the ntr system in this process. In addition, the rpoN mutant was found to be nonmotile, suggesting a role of RpoN in Azospirillum brasilense flagellar biosynthesis. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,US DOE,PLANT RES LAB,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,NATL SCI FDN,CTR MICROBIAL ECOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN,FA JANSSENS LAB GENET,B-3001 HEVERLEE,BELGIUM. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 63 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 42 IS 5 BP 467 EP 478 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA UJ458 UT WOS:A1996UJ45800007 PM 8640606 ER PT J AU Aine, CJ Supek, S George, JS Ranken, D Lewine, J Sanders, J Best, E Tiee, W Flynn, ER Wood, CC AF Aine, CJ Supek, S George, JS Ranken, D Lewine, J Sanders, J Best, E Tiee, W Flynn, ER Wood, CC TI Retinotopic organization of human visual cortex: Departures from the classical model SO CEREBRAL CORTEX LA English DT Article ID POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; FUNCTIONAL SPECIALIZATION; SENSORY STIMULATION; SOURCE LOCALIZATION; OCCIPITAL CORTEX; HUMAN BRAIN; CONNECTIONS; MONKEY; AREAS; MAP AB Retinotopic mapping strategies similar to those used for invasive electrophysiological studies to identify multiple visual areas in monkeys have been adapted for noninvasive studies in humans, using magnetic recordings of brain activity in conjunction with anatomical magnetic resonance imaging. The retinotopic organization of the primary visual area (V1) in the left hemisphere of human subjects was examined by presenting small patterned stimuli near the vertical and horizontal meridians in the lower right visual field. In contrast with the classical model of V1 retinotopy, our results suggest that the representation of the horizontal meridian does not necessarily correspond in a one-to-one manner with the base of the calcarine fissure and that some lower field stimuli can activate regions in the lower bank of the fissure. The results also indicate significant individual variability in the details of how V1 maps around the calcarine fissure. C1 UNIV ZAGREB,FAC SCI,DEPT PHYS,ZAGREB 10000,CROATIA. UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT RADIOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. NEW MEXICO REG FED MED CTR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. RP Aine, CJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,BIOPHYS GRP,MS D454,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY08610] NR 35 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 1047-3211 J9 CEREB CORTEX JI Cereb. Cortex PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 6 IS 3 BP 354 EP 361 DI 10.1093/cercor/6.3.354 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA UL409 UT WOS:A1996UL40900004 PM 8670663 ER PT J AU Darab, JG Smith, PA AF Darab, JG Smith, PA TI Chemistry of technetium and rhenium species during low-level radioactive waste vitrification SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID OXIDE AB We reviewed the chemistry of radioactive technetium species and their nonradioactive rhenium surrogates in the context of Hanford Site low-level radioactive waste processing and vitrification. Information concerning the hydrolysis, precipitation, phase transformation, volatilization, and redox chemistries of these species during the drying, calcining, and vitrification of aqueous waste slurries is condensed and extrapolated from the literature. The similarities between the chemistry of technetium and rhenium species were highlighted to evaluate the performance of rhenium as a surrogate for technetium in laboratory and engineering-scale low-level radioactive waste vitrification experiments. RP Darab, JG (reprint author), PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,DEPT MAT SCI,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 60 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1004 EP 1021 DI 10.1021/cm950418+ PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA UL465 UT WOS:A1996UL46500004 ER PT J AU Zhang, BL Card, JM Williams, FA AF Zhang, BL Card, JM Williams, FA TI Application of rate-ratio asymptotics to the prediction of extinction for methanol droplet combustion SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID AIR DIFFUSION FLAMES; MULTICOMPONENT DROPLETS; HEPTANE DROPLETS; MECHANISM; VAPORIZATION; KINETICS; SYSTEM AB Asymptotic methods are employed to describe the flame structure and extinction of quasisteady, spherically symmetrical diffusion flames around methanol droplets. Starting with a short mechanism involving 14 steps, five of which are reversible, sequentially reduced overall descriptions of four, three, and two steps are obtained by investigating the character of the departure of the H atom and its associated radicals from steady states and by demonstrating in agreement with earlier work that, contrary to hydrocarbon flames, water-gas equilibrium is an excellent approximation in the reaction zones of these methanol flames. It is shown that a useful two-step approximation is described qualitatively by CH3OH + O-2 --> CO + 2H(2)O and CO + 1/2O(2) --> CO2, in which CO stands for the mixture of CO and H-2 needed to maintain water-gas equilibrium. The rate of the first of these steps is controlled mainly by that of the elementary step CH3OH + H --> CH2OH + H-2, in which CH2OH stands for both isomers, and the rate of the second by that of H + O-2 + M --> HO2 + M. The flame structure involves a thin fuel-consumption zone on the rich side of a broader but still thin layer of H-2 and CO oxidation. The maximum temperature, that of the fuel-consumption zone, is calculated as a function of the rate of scalar dissipation at the stoichiometric mixture fraction, and extinction conditions are identified from the maximum of this scalar dissipation on the resulting C-shaped curve. Extinction diameters are calculated explicitly from these results for methanol droplets burning in oxygen-nitrogen mixtures initially at 300 K and at normal atmospheric and subatmospheric pressures. Absorption of water in the liquid methanol is verified to exert a large effect on extinction and is included in the analysis by treating the two limiting cases of time-dependent liquid-phase diffusion and perfect liquid-phase mixing, along with the quasisteady gas phase. It is found that the second of these limits is in better correspondence with existing experiments and that, for burning in air, typically between about 40% and 80% of the droplet mass is water at extinction. Reasonable agreement with previously reported extinction diameters, obtained from detailed time-dependent computations and from microgravity droplet-combustion experiments, is thereby achieved. The results provide an analytical method for calculating methanol droplet combustion and extinction. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,COMBUST RES FACIL,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP Zhang, BL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT APPL MECH & ENGN SCI,CTR ENERGY & COMBUST RES,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. NR 55 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAY PY 1996 VL 105 IS 3 BP 267 EP 290 DI 10.1016/0010-2180(95)00207-3 PG 24 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA UJ732 UT WOS:A1996UJ73200002 ER PT J AU Card, JM Ryden, R Williams, FA AF Card, JM Ryden, R Williams, FA TI Influences of flame-vortex interactions on formation of oxides of nitrogen in curved methane-air diffusion flamelets SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID ASYMPTOTIC STRUCTURE; EXTINCTION; CHEMISTRY AB Previous work has identified a parabolic flamelet in a uniform flow as a useful model for studying flame-vortex interactions and has presented an asymptotic analysis of this flamelet structure for two-step reduced chemistry of the methane-air system. The present paper addresses production rates of oxides of nitrogen in this flamelet by one-step reduced-chemistry descriptions of both thermal and prompt mechanisms, for both two-step and three-step methane-air reduced chemistry, and also reports some results of calculations of production rates with a full-chemistry description of planar counterflow flames, for purposes of comparison. The comparisons suggest that the asymptotic approximations significantly overestimate production rates and fail as extinction is approached but give qualitatively correct trends away from extinction. These trends show that increasing the tip curvature of the flamelet increases the prompt contribution while decreasing the thermal contribution. It is concluded that more research is needed on both elementary rates and asymptotic descriptions, especially for the prompt mechanism. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,COMBUST RES FACIL,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. VOLVO FLYGMOTOR,COMBUST & AERODYNAM,S-46181 TROLLHATTAN,SWEDEN. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,CTR ENERGY & COMBUST RES,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAY PY 1996 VL 105 IS 3 BP 373 EP 380 DI 10.1016/0010-2180(95)00213-8 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA UJ732 UT WOS:A1996UJ73200009 ER PT J AU Romanek, CS Gauldie, RW AF Romanek, CS Gauldie, RW TI A predictive model of otolith growth in fish based on the chemistry of the endolymph SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish; otolith; daily microincrement; growth rate; pH; temperature; aragonite chemistry ID ROUGHY HOPLOSTETHUS-ATLANTICUS; SKATE RAJA-OCELLATA; TEMPERATE REEF FISH; ORANGE ROUGHY; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; PARIKA-SCABER; TIME-SERIES; FLUID; AGE AB A growth model, based on the precipitation kinetics of aragonite and the chemistry of fluids within the endolymphatic sac of fish, predicts upper and lower boundaries for the width of daily microincrements in the otolith. Observations of daily microincrement width fall within these bounds. Further, observed habitat temperatures are similar to those predicted by the model. These results suggest that endolymphatic fluid has a relatively simple chemistry that lacks crystal growth inhibitors. When used in conjunction with measurements of otolith size and microincrement width, the model can be used to constrain the age of fish and provide estimates for the water temperature that fish experience in the course of their lives. C1 HAWAII INST GEOPHYS & PLANETOL,SCH OCEAN & EARTH SCI & TECHNOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822. UNIV GEORGIA,SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,ADV ANALYT CTR ENVIRONM SCI,AIKEN,SC 29802. NR 78 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 114 IS 1 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(95)02094-2 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA UN505 UT WOS:A1996UN50500011 ER PT J AU Sarma, SE Schofield, S Stori, J MacFarlane, J Wright, P AF Sarma, SE Schofield, S Stori, J MacFarlane, J Wright, P TI Rapid product realization from detail design SO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN LA English DT Article DE rapid prototyping; machine toll control; computer integrated manufacturing; process planning AB An integrated approach to rapid product realization using CNC milling techniques is described. A central idea in our approach is the use of a common, feature-based representation from detail design to manufacture. A design interface, process planner and machining system are described in this regard. The described representation simplifies process planning to the extent that it can be performed incrementally to promote design-for-manufacture. Mapping of these features to actual machine movements and cuts is discussed. Manufacture is accomplished through MOSAIC-PM, an open-architecture machine tool controller which provides the backbone for work in sensor integration and process monitoring. An integrated architecture links the components and permits open communication throughout the design to manufacture process. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Sarma, SE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0010-4485 J9 COMPUT AIDED DESIGN JI Comput.-Aided Des. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 28 IS 5 BP 383 EP 392 DI 10.1016/0010-4485(95)00057-7 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA UG376 UT WOS:A1996UG37600007 ER PT J AU Smith, RD Cameron, KL McDowell, FW Niemeyer, S Sampson, DE AF Smith, RD Cameron, KL McDowell, FW Niemeyer, S Sampson, DE TI Generation of voluminous silicic magmas and formation of mid-Cenozoic crust beneath north-central Mexico: Evidence from ignimbrites, associated lavas, deep crustal granulites, and mantle pyroxenites SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIDTERTIARY FELSIC VOLCANICS; SR ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; EASTERN CHIHUAHUA; LA-OLIVINA; ND; XENOLITHS; GEOCHEMISTRY; COLORADO; ORIGIN AB Isotopic and trace element data from mantle and granulite xenoliths are used to estimate the relative contributions of mantle and crustal components to a large ignimbrite, referred to as the upper ignimbrite, that is representative of the voluminous mid-Cenozoic rhyolites of northwestern Mexico. The study also uses data from the volcanic rocks to identify deep crustal xenoliths that are samples of new crust created by the Tertiary magmatism. The isotopic composition of the mantle component is defined by mantle-derived pyroxenites that are interpreted to have precipitated from mid-Cenozoic basaltic magmas. This component has epsilon(Nd)approximate to+1.5, Sr-87/Sr-86 approximate to 0.7043 and Pb-206/Pb-204 approximate to 18.6. Within the upper ignimbrite and associated andesitic and dacitic lavas, initial Sr-87/Sr-86 is positively correlated with SiO2, reaching 0.7164 in the ignimbrite. Initial Pb-206/Pb-204 ratios also show a positive correlation with silica, whereas epsilon(Nd) values have a crude negative correlation, reaching values as low as -2. Of the four isotopically distinct crustal components identified from studies of granulite xenoliths, only the sedimentary protolith of the paragneiss xenoliths can be responsible for the high initial Sr-87/Sr-86 of the upper ignimbrite. The Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic compositions of the upper ignimbrite can be modeled with relatively modest assimilation (less than or equal to 20%) of the sedimentary component +/- Proterozoic granulite. Gabbroic composition granulite xenoliths have distinctive Nd, Sr, and Pb isotope ratios that cluster closely within the range of compositions found in the andesitic and dacitic lavas. These mafic granulites are cumulates, and their protoliths are interpreted to have precipitated from the intermediate to silicic magmas at 32-31 Ma. These mafic cumulate rocks are probably representative of much of the deep crust that formed during mid-Cenozoic magmatism in Mexico. Worldwide xenolith studies suggest that the relatively great depth (less than or equal to 20 km) at which assimilation-fractional crystallization took place in the intermediate to silicic magma systems of the La Olivina region is the rule rather than the exception. Oligocene ignimbrites of the southwestern United States (SWUS) have substantially lower epsilon(Nd) values (e.g. < -6) than the upper ignimbrite and other rhyolites from Mexico. This difference appears to reflect a greater crustal contribution to ignimbrites of the SWUS, perhaps due to a higher temperature of the lower crust prior to the emplacement of the Oligocene basaltic magmas. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,DEPT EARTH SCI,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT GEOL SCI,AUSTIN,TX 78712. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 52 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 123 IS 4 BP 375 EP 389 DI 10.1007/s004100050163 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA UP656 UT WOS:A1996UP65600004 ER PT J AU Lue, JW Lubell, MS Aized, D Campbell, JM Schwall, RE AF Lue, JW Lubell, MS Aized, D Campbell, JM Schwall, RE TI Quenches in a high-temperature superconducting tape and pancake coil SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE HTS; stability; quench ID MAGNETS AB Stability and normal-zone propagation experiments have been performed on single-length and double-pancake coils made of Bi-2223/Ag high-temperature superconducting tape. Experiments were conducted with liquid nitrogen and gaseous helium cooling in temperatures from 5 to 77 K. No distinctive normal-zone propagation was observed in the single-length conductor tests. Non-uniform critical currents were, however, observed over the length of the conductor. To dramatize the effect on the stability of a magnet wound with this kind of non-uniform conductor, a pancake coil was wound with conductors composed of a two-tape bundle on the inner turns and a single-tape on the outer turns. Quenches of the coil were observed when currents higher than the critical current of the single-tape section were applied and held for more than a few minutes. The coil quenched without a distinctive 'normal' front propagation or a large temperature gradient. C1 AMER SUPERCONDUCTOR CORP,WESTBOROUGH,MA 01518. RP Lue, JW (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2009,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD MAY PY 1996 VL 36 IS 5 BP 379 EP 389 DI 10.1016/0011-2275(96)81109-X PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA UG380 UT WOS:A1996UG38000009 ER PT J AU Mariella, R vandenEngh, G Masquelier, D Eveleth, G AF Mariella, R vandenEngh, G Masquelier, D Eveleth, G TI Flow-stream waveguide for collection of perpendicular light scatter in flow cytometry SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE flow cytometry; stream in air; flow-stream waveguide; perpendicular light scatter; fluorescence AB We report a new physical configuration for the detection of perpendicular Light scatter or fluorescence in now cytometry when using a fluid stream in air, This configuration increases the signal-to-noise ratio and narrows the coefficient of variation for uniformly sized latex spheres when compared to using a microscope objective to collect such light, The new technique views the scattered light that is trapped within the optical waveguide that is naturally formed by the now stream in air, One efficient and simple way to detect the light trapped within this optical waveguide is to place one end of a fiber optic, with a conically polished tip and sufficiently large-core diameter, directly into the flow stream and to place an optical detector at the fiber's other stream waveguide achieves high collection efficiency (NA = 0.88) as well as high efficiency of optical throughput due to lack of surfaces between the light scatterers and the detector, We obtained 10-fold higher signals with this technique than with a long-working-distance microscope objective, The now-stream waveguide is also much easier to align than traditional microscope-lens-based systems. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Mariella, R (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,MAIL STOP 452,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 24 IS 1 BP 27 EP 31 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19960501)24:1<27::AID-CYTO3>3.0.CO;2-F PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA UH687 UT WOS:A1996UH68700003 PM 8723899 ER PT J AU Brenan, JM Shaw, HF Ryerson, FJ Phinney, DL AF Brenan, JM Shaw, HF Ryerson, FJ Phinney, DL TI Experimental determination of trace-element partitioning between pargasite and a synthetic hydrous andesitic melt (vol 135, pg 1, 1995) SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV NUCL CHEM,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP Brenan, JM (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,L-202,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. RI Shaw, Henry/B-6445-2012 OI Shaw, Henry/0000-0003-0681-5430 NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 140 IS 1-4 BP 287 EP 288 DI 10.1016/0012-821X(96)00046-5 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA UR062 UT WOS:A1996UR06200024 ER PT J AU Mangel, M Talbot, LM Meffe, GK Agardy, MT Alverson, DL Barlow, J Botkin, DB Budowski, G Clark, T Cooke, J Crozier, RH Dayton, PK Elder, DL Fowler, CW Funtowicz, S Giske, J Hofman, RJ Holt, SJ Kellert, SR Kimball, LA Ludwig, D Magnusson, K Malayang, BS Mann, C Norse, EA Northridge, SP Perrin, WF Perrings, C Peterman, RM Rabb, GB Regier, HA Reynolds, JE Sherman, K Sissenwine, MP Smith, TD Starfield, A Taylor, RJ Tillman, MF Toft, C Twiss, JR Wilen, J Young, TP AF Mangel, M Talbot, LM Meffe, GK Agardy, MT Alverson, DL Barlow, J Botkin, DB Budowski, G Clark, T Cooke, J Crozier, RH Dayton, PK Elder, DL Fowler, CW Funtowicz, S Giske, J Hofman, RJ Holt, SJ Kellert, SR Kimball, LA Ludwig, D Magnusson, K Malayang, BS Mann, C Norse, EA Northridge, SP Perrin, WF Perrings, C Peterman, RM Rabb, GB Regier, HA Reynolds, JE Sherman, K Sissenwine, MP Smith, TD Starfield, A Taylor, RJ Tillman, MF Toft, C Twiss, JR Wilen, J Young, TP TI Principles for the conservation of wild living resources SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL POWER ANALYSIS; RANGE CONDITION; MANAGEMENT; SUSTAINABILITY; EXTINCTION; THRESHOLDS; VIEWPOINT; FISHERIES; SCIENCE; ECOLOGY AB We describe broadly applicable principles for the conservation of wild living resources and mechanisms for their implementation. These principles were engendered from three starting points. First, a set of principles for the conservation of wild living resources (Holt and Talbot 1978) required reexamination and updating. Second, those principles lacked mechanisms for implementation and consequently were not as effective as they might have been. Third, all conservation problems have scientific, economic, and social aspects, and although the mix may vary from problem to problem, all three aspects must be included in problem solving. We illustrate the derivation of, and amplify the meaning of, the principles, and discuss mechanisms for their implementation. The principles are: Principle I. Maintenance of healthy populations of wild living resources in perpetuity is inconsistent with unlimited growth of human consumption of and demand for those resources. Principle II. The goal of conservation should be to secure present and future options by maintaining biological diversity at genetic, species, population, and ecosystem levels; as a general rule neither the resource nor other components of the ecosystem should be perturbed beyond natural boundaries of variation. Principle III. Assessment of the possible ecological and sociological effects of resource use should precede both proposed use and proposed restriction or expansion of ongoing use of a resource. Principle IV. Regulation of the use of living resources must be based on understanding the structure and dynamics of the ecosystem of which the resource is a part and must take into account the ecological and sociological influences that directly and indirectly affect resource use. Principle V. The full range of knowledge and skills from the natural and social sciences must be brought to bear on conservation problems. Principle VI. Effective conservation requires understanding and taking account of the motives, interests, and values of all users and stakeholders, but not by simply averaging their positions. Principle VII. Effective conservation requires communication that is interactive, reciprocal, and continuous. Mechanisms for implementation of the principles are discussed. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038. GEORGE MASON UNIV,PROGRAM GLOBAL CHANGE,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. UNIV PEACE,SAN JOSE,COSTA RICA. YALE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & ENVIRONM STUDIES,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. CTR ECOSYST MANAGEMENT STUDIES,WINDEN,GERMANY. LA TROBE UNIV,DEPT GENET & HUMAN VARIAT,BUNDOORA,VIC 3083,AUSTRALIA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. INT UNION CONSERVAT NAT & NAT RESOURCES,MARINE & COASTAL AREAS PROGRAMME,GLAND,SWITZERLAND. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SEATTLE,WA 98115. COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,INST SYST ENGN & INFORMAT,ISPRA,ITALY. UNIV BERGEN,DEPT FISHERIES & MARINE BIOL,N-5020 BERGEN,NORWAY. MARINE MAMMAL COMMISS,WASHINGTON,DC. PODERE II FALCO,CITTA DELLA PIEVE,ITALY. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,VANCOUVER,BC V5Z 1M9,CANADA. UNIV ICELAND,INST SCI,IS-107 REYKJAVIK,ICELAND. DEPT ENVIRONM & NAT RESOURCES,QUEZON,PHILIPPINES. UNIV GEORGIA,SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,ATHENS,GA 30602. CTR MARINE CONSERVAT,REDMOND,WA. UNIV ABERDEEN,ABERDEEN AB9 1FX,SCOTLAND. UNIV YORK,DEPT ENVIRONM ECON & ENVIRONM MANAGEMENT,YORK YO1 5DD,N YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. SIMON FRASER UNIV,SCH RESOURCE & ENVIRONM MANAGEMENT,BURNABY,BC V5A 1S6,CANADA. CHICAGO ZOOL SOC,BROOKFIELD,IL. UNIV TORONTO,INST ENVIRONM STUDIES,TORONTO,ON M5S 1A1,CANADA. ECKERD COLL,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33733. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SILVER SPRING,MD. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ECOL EVOLUT & BEHAV,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. LEE TALBOT ASSOCIATES INT,MCLEAN,VA. CALIF FORESTRY ASSOC,SACRAMENTO,CA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SECT EVOLUT & ECOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT AGR ECON,DAVIS,CA 95616. FORDHAM UNIV,CALDER CTR,BRONX,NY 10458. WORLD WILDLIFE FUND,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. NAT RESOURCES CONSULTANTS,SEATTLE,WA. RP Mangel, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,ENVIRONM STUDIES BOARD,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064, USA. RI Crozier, Ross/C-6773-2009; Giske, Jarl/A-2402-2010 OI Giske, Jarl/0000-0001-5034-8177 NR 139 TC 160 Z9 166 U1 6 U2 47 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 6 IS 2 BP 338 EP 362 DI 10.2307/2269369 PG 25 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UH485 UT WOS:A1996UH48500002 ER PT J AU Wigington, PJ Baker, JP DeWalle, DR Kretser, WA Murdoch, PS Simonin, HA VanSickle, J McDowell, MK Peck, DV Barchet, WR AF Wigington, PJ Baker, JP DeWalle, DR Kretser, WA Murdoch, PS Simonin, HA VanSickle, J McDowell, MK Peck, DV Barchet, WR TI Episodic acidification of small streams in the northeastern United States: Episodic Response Project SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Adirondack Mountains; aluminum; brook trout; Catskill Mountains; episodic acidification; fish populations; northeastern US; Northern Appalachian Plateau; streams; streamwater chemistry dynamics ID EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS; ALUMINUM CHEMISTRY; AQUEOUS ALUMINUM; UNCERTAINTY; WATERS; MODELS AB The Episodic Response Project (ERP) was an interdisciplinary study designed to address uncertainties about the occurrence, nature, and biological effects of episodic acidification of streams in the northeastern United States. The ERP research consisted of intensive studies of the chemistry and biological effects of episodes in 13 streams draining forested watersheds in the three study regions: the Northern Appalachian region of Pennsylvania and the Catskill and Adirondack Mountains of New York. Wet deposition was measured in each of the three study regions. Using automated instruments and samplers, discharge and chemistry of each stream was monitored intensively from fall 1988 through spring 1990. Biological studies focused on brook trout and native forage fish. Experimental approaches included in situ bioassays, radio transmitter studies of fish movement, and fish population studies. This paper provides an overview of the ERP, describes the methodology used in hydrologic and water chemistry components of the study, and summarizes the characteristics of the study sites, including the climatic and deposition conditions during the ERP and the general chemical characteristics of the study streams. C1 PENN STATE UNIV, SCH FOREST RESOURCES, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. PENN STATE UNIV, ENVIRONM RESOURCES RES INST, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. NEW YORK STATE DEPT ENVIRONM CONSERVAT, ADIRONDACK LAKES SURVEY CORP, RAY BROOK, NY 12977 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, ALBANY, NY 12201 USA. NEW YORK STATE DEPT ENVIRONM CONSERVAT, ROME, NY 13440 USA. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. LOCKHEED ENVIRONM SYST & TECHNOL CO, LAS VEGAS, NV 89119 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP Wigington, PJ (reprint author), US EPA, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. NR 33 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 9 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 6 IS 2 BP 374 EP 388 DI 10.2307/2269377 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UH485 UT WOS:A1996UH48500010 ER PT J AU Stewart, AJ Hill, WR Ham, KD Christensen, SW Beauchamp, JJ AF Stewart, AJ Hill, WR Ham, KD Christensen, SW Beauchamp, JJ TI Chlorine dynamics and ambient toxicity in receiving streams SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ambient toxicity; biological monitoring; Ceriodaphnia dubia; Clean Water Act compliance; daphnid bioassays; logistic regression; stream ecotoxicology; total residual chlorine; toxicity models; water quality monitoring ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; ULTRAVIOLET WAVELENGTHS; AQUEOUS CHLORINE; GRAZING MINNOWS; WASTE-WATER; TESTS; DISTURBANCE; PERIPHYTON; PHOTOLYSIS AB This study was conducted to better understand total residual chlorine (TRC) dynamics and ambient toxicity in two chlorine-contaminated streams in eastern Tennessee. The study used stepwise logistic regression analysis of Ceriodaphnia survival and water quality factors measured in 169 7-d chronic toxicity tests of water from four sites in one stream to determine the factors significantly affecting the survival. The 7-d mean concentrations of TRC and a measure of day-to-day variation in TRC concentration in each test were included as dominant factors in explaining Ceriodaphnia mortality. The logistic regression model correctly predicted the mortality or surivival of individual Ceriodaphnia in 89.9% of the cases and had a low rate of false positives and false negatives. A simpler ''pass-or-fail'' model, which used a Ceriodaphnia survival criterion of 60%, yielded slightly better results (correctly predicted outcomes, 91.7%). We also measured TRC concentrations in situ by monitoring at two sites in one of the streams and at one site in the other stream. This monitoring showed that TRC concentrations in bath streams varied approximately three-fold in daily cycles, with TRC concentrations at night being greater than those during the day. Laboratory and field experiments indicated that the diel cycles in TRC were probably driven by sunlight and stream periphyton. Two key points emerged from this study. First, the analyses show that logistic regression can be used effectively to relate temporally varying chemical conditions to the outcomes of static-renewal ambient toxicity tests. In some situations, this method of analysis is more appropriate than other methods, such as ANOVA, that are often used to evaluate dose-response patterns. Second, diel changes in TRC in streams, apparently caused by sunlight and periphyton, can be large and have important implications for predicting the fate and ecological effects of this widespread contaminant. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENGN PHYS & MATH,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Stewart, AJ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI stewart, arthur/0000-0003-1968-5997 NR 49 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 6 IS 2 BP 458 EP 471 DI 10.2307/2269383 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UH485 UT WOS:A1996UH48500016 ER PT J AU Kocha, SS Turner, JA AF Kocha, SS Turner, JA TI Impedance analysis of surface modified Ga0.5In0.5P - Aqueous electrolyte interface SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy CY MAY 07-12, 1995 CL YSERMONDE, BELGIUM DE Ga0.5In0.5P; impedance; semiconductor; interphase; flat band ID ADMITTANCE DATA; SPECTRUM; CELLS AB In this work electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was carried out on pre- and post-etched Ga0.5In0.5P (1.8-1.9 eV) as well as quinolinol-modified surfaces, over seven decades of frequencies. The spectra were examined in the Bode as well as complex impedance planes and deconvoluted using nonlinear-least-squares fitting to obtain equivalent circuits that isolated the space charge from the surface states. Chemical wet-etching of Ga0.5In0.5P was found to remove surface states as evidenced in the removal of the low frequency time constant from the spectra. Treatment with 8-quinolinol was found to shift the flat-band potential in the positive direction vs. she by about 300 mV in near neutral electrolytes. RP Kocha, SS (reprint author), SOLAR ENERGY RES INST,PHOTOCONVERS RES BRANCH,NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. RI Kocha, Shyam/E-4347-2010 NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 41 IS 7-8 BP 1295 EP 1304 DI 10.1016/0013-4686(95)00450-5 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA UK667 UT WOS:A1996UK66700042 ER PT J AU Rao, KRPM Huggins, FE Huffman, GP Gormley, RJ OBrien, RJ Davis, BH AF Rao, KRPM Huggins, FE Huffman, GP Gormley, RJ OBrien, RJ Davis, BH TI Mossbauer study of iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts during activation and synthesis SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis Gas Chemistry, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 04-05, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc AB Mossbauer data indicate that activating an iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst containing Cu, K, and kaolin with syngas for 24 h at 270 degrees C and 1.14 MPa produces a material that has about 60% of-the iron in the form of Fe3O4 and the remainder as a mixture of chi-Fe3C4 and epsilon'-Fe2.2C. A similar activation with CO produces a material that contains more than 80% of the iron in the form of chi-Fe5C2 and the remainder as Fe3O4. The CO-activated catalyst exhibits a high activity, whereas the syngas-activated sample has a low activity. Moreover, the CO-activated sample converts during 50 h of synthesis to a mixture that contains more Fe3O4 (40%) and less chi-Fe5C2 (60), whereas the syngas activated sample contains about 80% chi-Fe5C2 after 50 h of exposure to synthesis gas. Thus, both catalysts underwent significant changes in the bulk composition without a parallel change in CO conversion. Another catalyst formulation, containing more Cu, much less K, and no binder, showed significantly higher syngas conversion after activation by CO than by syngas even though the bulk phase compositions were similar. A catalyst, initially activated with syngas and exhibiting low activity, showed evidence for only Fe3O4. This low-activity material after a 24 h treatment in CO exhibited a dramatic increase of the carbide phase and catalytic activity. The analysis of phase composition is informative about changes in the bulk composition of iron catalysts, but these changes do not necessarily track directly catalytic activity. C1 US DOE,PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,PITTSBURGH,PA 15236. UNIV KENTUCKY,CTR APPL ENERGY RES,LEXINGTON,KY 40511. RP Rao, KRPM (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,CONSORTIUM FOSSIL FUEL LIQUEFACT SCI,533 S LIMESTONE ST,ROOM 111,LEXINGTON,KY 40506, USA. RI Huggins, Frank/A-8861-2009 NR 14 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 10 IS 3 BP 546 EP 551 DI 10.1021/ef9501962 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA UM806 UT WOS:A1996UM80600006 ER PT J AU Warzinski, RP Bockrath, BC AF Warzinski, RP Bockrath, BC TI Molybdenum hexacarbonyl as a catalyst precursor for solvent-free direct coal liquefaction SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Direct Coal Liquefaction, at the 210th ACS National Meeting CY AUG 20-25, 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Chem Soc ID METHANATION AB The use of molybdenum hexacarbonyl, Mo(CO)(6), an effective catalyst precursor for coal liquefaction even in the absence of added liquids or special impregnation procedures, was studied in solvent-free microautoclave experiments. The activity of the catalysts formed from Mo(CO)(6), both for liquefaction of a Blind Canyon bituminous coal and for methanation of CO in the absence of coal, was a function of activation conditions and reaction parameters. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction and other methods. Decomposition of Mo(CO)(6) in the absence of sulfur led to an active form of molybdenum carbide. The use of H2S, the preferred sulfur source, promoted the decomposition of Mo(CO)(6), led to MoS2, and promoted coal liquefaction. Pressure/temperature data recorded throughout the microautoclave experiment were used to determine the onset of catalytic activity for methanation of the CO released from Mo(CO)(6) upon decomposition in the absence of coal. Methanation activity was seen at temperatures as low as 280 degrees C. However, a sharp increase in rate occurred at 340 degrees C. When the catalyst was formed in the presence of coal, rapid hydrogen uptake began at a slightly higher temperature (370 degrees C). The conversion of coal to products soluble in tetrahydrofuran correlated strongly with the initial rate of gas uptake. The cyclohexane conversion of coal was also catalyzed. RP Warzinski, RP (reprint author), US DOE,PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,PITTSBURGH,PA 15236, USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 10 IS 3 BP 612 EP 622 DI 10.1021/ef950258o PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA UM806 UT WOS:A1996UM80600016 ER PT J AU Jagtap, SB Wheelock, TD AF Jagtap, SB Wheelock, TD TI Regeneration of sulfided calcium-based sorbents by a cyclic process SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE DESULFURIZATION; GASES; LIME AB A unique process for regenerating calcium-based sorbents which are in the form of calcium sulfide was demonstrated by employing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The process converts calcium sulfide to calcium oxide by subjecting particles of the material to repeated cycles of oxidation and reduction at temperatures between 950 and 1100 degrees C. During each cycle a small portion of material is first converted to calcium sulfate by oxidation and then to calcium oxide by reduction. Air can be used for oxidation and any of the following gases can be used for reduction: 30 mol % CO, 5 mol % CH4, or 2 mol % C3H8 Repeated sulfidation and regeneration of typical calcium-based sorbents seems to enhance the reactivity of the materials. However, incorporation of iron oxide or flyash containing an appreciable concentration of iron oxide in the sorbent has a deleterious effect. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 10 IS 3 BP 821 EP 827 DI 10.1021/ef950156y PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA UM806 UT WOS:A1996UM80600043 ER PT J AU Dyrkacz, GR Ruscic, L Marshall, CL Reagan, W AF Dyrkacz, GR Ruscic, L Marshall, CL Reagan, W TI Separation and characterization of FCC catalysts using density gradient separation SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID COAL MACERALS AB Two fluidized catalytic cracking catalysts were separated using isopycnic density gradient methods. For each catalyst, both the fresh and equilibrium materials were separated. Quite different density distributions were found, not only between the equilibrium catalysts but between the fresh catalyst and its corresponding equilibrium version. In addition, different density distributions were found with different separating media, e.g. aqueous sodium polytungstate or CCl4/tetrabromethane. Crystallinity measurement across the density band for one of the fresh catalysts varied by a factor of 3. C1 AMOCO OIL CO RES & DEV, NAPERVILLE, IL 60566 USA. RP Dyrkacz, GR (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM, 9700 S CASS AVE, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. RI Marshall, Christopher/D-1493-2015 OI Marshall, Christopher/0000-0002-1285-7648 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 10 IS 3 BP 849 EP 854 DI 10.1021/ef9502618 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA UM806 UT WOS:A1996UM80600048 ER PT J AU Kahn, E AF Kahn, E TI The production tax credit for wind turbine powerplants is an ineffective incentive SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE project finance; tax credits; wind turbines ID CAPITAL STRUCTURE; ENERGY AB The US Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 1992 created a production tax credit of 1.5 cent/kWh available for 10 years to promote certain renewable energy technologies, including wind turbines, This paper argues that the impact of the wind turbine production tax credit will be minimal. The argument depends entirely on the nature of the project finance structure used by the private power industry for wind turbine development, We show that tax credits can only be absorbed by equity investors if there is a large fraction of equity in the project capital structure. This raises the financing cost of wind turbine projects compared to conventional power technology, which relies on a large fraction of low cost debt, If the tax credit were paid as a cash subsidy, the capital structure could be shifted to low cost debt and financing costs could be significantly reduced. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,UC ENERGY INST,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Kahn, E (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,MS 90-4000,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD MAY PY 1996 VL 24 IS 5 BP 427 EP 435 DI 10.1016/0301-4215(96)00014-6 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UL448 UT WOS:A1996UL44800006 ER PT J AU Tucker, JD Moore, DH AF Tucker, JD Moore, DH TI The importance of age and smoking in evaluating adverse cytogenetic effects of exposure to environmental agents SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Environmental Mutagens in Human Populations CY AUG 20-25, 1995 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Prague Inst Adv Studies, Prague, Czech Republic, Reg Inst Hygiene Cent Bohemia, Prague, Czech Republic, Univ Tex Med Branch DE chromosome painting; chromosome aberrations; translocations; smoking; statistics; power analyses; control population ID HUMAN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; IONIZING-RADIATION; DNA PROBES; TRANSLOCATIONS; FREQUENCY AB Fluorescence in situ hybridization with chromosome-specific composite DNA probes (chromosome painting) is a reliable and efficient method for detecting structural chromosome aberrations. Painting is now being used to quantify chromosome damage in many human populations. In one such study we evaluated 91 unexposed people ranging in age from birth (cord bloods) to 79. We established a baseline frequency of stable aberrations that showed a highly significant curvilinear increase with age (p < 0.00001) that accounted for 70% of the variance among donors. The magnitude of this effect illustrates the importance of understanding the cytogenetic changes that occur with age, which is particularly important for quantifying the effects of prior adverse environmental, occupational, or accidental exposure. In this paper we use the data obtained in our previous study to characterize the distribution of stable aberrations by age and pack-years of cigarette smoking. We also provide estimates of the number of cell equivalents that need to be scored to detect a given increase in aberrations above the background level surveyed in this population. C1 CALIF PACIFIC MED CTR,CANC RES INST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. RP Tucker, JD (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,BIOL & BIOTECHNOL RES PROGRAM,BOX 808,L-452,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P01CA55861] NR 21 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 104 SU 3 BP 489 EP 492 DI 10.2307/3432810 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA UQ084 UT WOS:A1996UQ08400016 PM 8781370 ER PT J AU Hsie, AW Porter, RC Xu, ZD Yu, YJ Meltz, ML Schwartz, JL AF Hsie, AW Porter, RC Xu, ZD Yu, YJ Meltz, ML Schwartz, JL TI Molecular markers of ionizing radiation-induced gene mutations in mammalian cells SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Environmental Mutagens in Human Populations CY AUG 20-25, 1995 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Prague Inst Adv Studies, Prague, Czech Republic, Reg Inst Hygiene Cent Bohemia, Prague, Czech Republic, Univ Tex Med Branch DE radiation mutagenesis; molecular mutagenesis; gene mutation; gamma radiation; alpha radiation; DNA double-strand breaks ID HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; X-RAY; ALPHA-PARTICLE; HPRT GENE; LOCUS; MUTANTS; INDUCTION; DELETIONS; RADON AB We have isolated independent Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mutants at the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) locus from untreated, Co-60 gamma-ray-exposed, and Bi-212 alpha-exposed cells and identified the molecular changes underlying the mutation determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based exon deletion analysis. Both the parental CHO-K1 cells and the X-ray-sensitive mutant xrs-5 cells were studied. The radiosensitive xrs-5 cells are defective in DNA double-strand break rejoining ability and in V(D)J recombination, which can be complemented by Ku protein. Of the 71 spontaneous CHO-K1 hprt mutants analyzed, 78% showed no change in exon number or size, 20% showed loss of one to eight exons (partial deletion), and 3% showed loss of all nine hprt exons (total deletion). Exposure of CHO-K1 cells to 6 Gy of gamma rays, which reduced survival levels to 10%, produced a high deletion spectrum with 45% of the 20 mutants analyzed showing a loss of one to eight exons and 30% showing total deletion. Exposure to an equitoxic dose of a radiation from Bi-212, a Rn-220 daughter, resulted in a spectrum similar to the gamma-ray spectrum in that 75% of the 49 mutants analyzed were deletions. The a radiation, however, tended to produce larger intragenic deletions than gamma radiation. Of the 92 spontaneous xrs-5 mutants analyzed for deletions, 43% showed a loss of one to eight exons and 14% showed total deletion. This suggests that, in certain regions of the hprt gene, base alterations can be converted into large deletions and alteration in the Ku protein complex can influence this type of mutational process. Exposure to oc radiation (10% survival) to xrs-5 cells resulted in a deletion spectrum similar to that seen in CHO-K1 cells. Of the 49 mutants analyzed, 43% showed no change in exon number or size, 16% showed a loss Di one to eight exons, and 41% showed total deletion. While the defect in xrs-5 cells has a profound effect on spontaneous mutant spectra, this defect does not appear to affect alpha-induced mutation spectra. C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT RADIOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. ARGONNE NATL LAB,CTR MECHANIST BIOL & BIOTECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Hsie, AW (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT PREVENT MED & COMMUNITY HLTH,GALVESTON,TX 77550, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [1RO1CA56434] NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 104 SU 3 BP 675 EP 678 DI 10.2307/3432843 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA UQ084 UT WOS:A1996UQ08400049 PM 8781403 ER PT J AU Mahanama, KRR Daisey, JM AF Mahanama, KRR Daisey, JM TI Volatile N-nitrosamines in environmental tobacco smoke: Sampling, analysis, emission factors, and indoor air exposures SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIDESTREAM SMOKE; NITROSO COMPOUNDS; CIGARETTES; MAINSTREAM; NITRITE AB more convenient sampling and analysis method for the volatile N-nitrosamines (VNA) in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), using commercially available Thermosorb/N cartridges, was developed and validated. Using the method, emission factors for the two major VNA in ETS were determined in a room-sized environmental chamber for six commercial cigarette brands, which together accounted for 62.5% of the total market in California in 1990. The average emission factors were 565 +/- 115 and 104 +/- 20 ng per cigarette for N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosopyrrolidine, respectively. The emission factors were used to estimate VNA exposures from ETS in a typical office building and an average residence. Indoor concentrations of N,N-dimethylnitrosamine from ETS for these modeled scenarios were less than 10% of the reported median outdoor concentration. This median outdoor concentration, however, includes many measurements made in source-dominated areas and may be considerably higher than one based on more representative sampling of outdoor air. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,INDOOR ENVIRONM PROGRAM,DIV ENERGY & ENVIRONM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1477 EP 1484 DI 10.1021/es950396s PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UG954 UT WOS:A1996UG95400037 ER PT J AU Roden, EE Zachara, JM AF Roden, EE Zachara, JM TI Microbial reduction of crystalline iron(III) oxides: Influence of oxide surface area and potential for cell growth SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION PROCEDURE; ORGANIC-MATTER MINERALIZATION; METAL HYDROUS OXIDES; FERRIC IRON; FE(III) REDUCTION; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; DISSIMILATORY REDUCTION; ALUMINOUS GOETHITES; CHELATING-AGENTS; PARTICLE-SIZE AB Quantitative aspects of microbial crystalline iron(III) oxide reduction were examined using a dissimilatory iron(III) oxide-reducing bacterium (Shewanella alga strain BrY). The initial rate and long-term extent of reduction of a range of synthetic iron(III) oxides were linearly correlated with oxide surface area. Oxide reduction rates reached an asymptote at cell concentrations in excess of approximate to 1 x 10(9)/m(2) of oxide surface. Experiments with microbially reduced goethite that had been washed with pH 5 sodium acetate to remove adsorbed Fe(II) suggested that formation of a Fe(II) surface phase (adsorbed or precipitated) limited the extent of iron(III) oxide reduction. These results demonstrated explicitly that the rate and extent of microbial iron(III) oxide reduction is controlled by the surface area and site concentration of the solid phase. Strain BrY grew in media with synthetic goethite as the sole electron acceptor. The quantity of cells produced per micromole of goethite reduced (2.5 x 10(6)) was comparable to that determined previously for growth of BrY and other dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacteria coupled to amorphous iron(III) oxide reduction. BrY reduced a substantial fraction (8-18%) of the crystalline iron(III) oxide content of a variety of soil and subsurface materials, and several cultures containing these materials were transferred repeatedly with continued active Fe(III) reduction. These findings indicate that Fe(lll)reducing bacteria may be able to survive and produce significant quantities of Fe(II) in anaerobic soil and subsurface environments where crystalline iron(III) oxides (e.g., goethite) are the dominant forms of Fe(III) available for microbial reduction. Results suggest that the potential for cell growth and Fe(ll) generation will be determined by the iron(III) oxide surface site concentration in the soil or sediment matrix. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI CTR, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP Roden, EE (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA, DEPT BIOL SCI, BOX 870344, TUSCALOOSA, AL 35487 USA. NR 77 TC 506 Z9 531 U1 9 U2 127 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1618 EP 1628 DI 10.1021/es9506216 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UG954 UT WOS:A1996UG95400056 ER PT J AU Xun, LY Reeder, RB Plymale, AE Girvin, DC Bolton, H AF Xun, LY Reeder, RB Plymale, AE Girvin, DC Bolton, H TI Degradation of metal-nitrilotriacetate complexes by nitrilotriacetate monooxygenase SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STABILITY-CONSTANTS; CHELATOBACTER AB Studies of metal-NTA complex degradation using NTA monooxygenase (NTA-Mo) can provide a mechanistic understanding of NTA degradation and lead to approaches to remediate recalcitrant metal-NTA complexes (e.g., NiNTA(-)). NTA can exist in aqueous systems as various species depending upon the pH and types and concentrations of ions present (e.g., HNTA(2-), CaNTA(-) MgNTA(-)). An understanding of the aqueous speciation of NTA is necessary to determine the substrate range of NTA complexes degraded by MTA-Mo. The protonated form of NTA (HNTA(2-)) and CaNTA(-) were not degraded by NTA-Mo, while MgNTA(-), MnNTA(-), CoNTA(-), FeNTA(-), NiNTA(-), and ZnNTA(-) were degraded with similar K-m's. This is surprising because these metal-NTA complexes have different rates of biodegradation by whole cells. This suggests that biodegradation of various metal-NTA complexes is limited by the rate of transport into the cell and that NTA-Mo may be useful for degrading metal-NTA complexes recalcitrant to degradation by whole cells. In mixed systems containing both substrate (MgNTA(-)) and nonsubstrate (CaNTA(-)), aqueous speciation modeling was able to provide the substrate concentration, which correlated well with the rate data (r(2) = 0.95). This demonstrates that aqueous speciation modeling can be used to predict the rate of NTA degradation by NTA-Mo for complex systems containing multiple species. C1 PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,ENVIRONM MICROBIOL GRP,RICHLAND,WA 99352. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,RICHLAND,WA 99352. PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,INTERFACIAL GEOCHEM GRP,RICHLAND,WA 99352. RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011 NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1752 EP 1755 DI 10.1021/es9507628 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UG954 UT WOS:A1996UG95400071 ER PT J AU Barbas, JT Sigman, ME Dabestani, R AF Barbas, JT Sigman, ME Dabestani, R TI Photochemical oxidation of phenanthrene sorbed on silica gel SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; OXYGEN; SIO2; PHOTOLYSIS; MOLECULES AB There have been relatively few detailed studies of PAH photochemical degradation mechanisms and products at solid/air interfaces under controlled conditions. Results from mechanistic studies on particulate simulants are important in understanding the fates of PAH sorbed on similar materials in natural settings. In this study, the photolysis of phenanthrene (PH) on silica gel, in the presence of air, has been carefully examined. Once sorbed onto the silica surface, PH is not observed to repartition into the gas phase, even under vacuum, and dark reactions of PH are not observed at the silica/air interface. Photolysis (254 nm) of PH leads to the formation of 2,2'-biformylbiphenyl (1), 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (2), cis-9,10-dihydrodihydroxyphenanthrene (3), benzocoumarin (4), 2,2'-biphenyldicarboxytic acid (5), 2-formyl-2'-biphenylcarboxylic acid (6), 2-formylbiphenyl (7), 1,2-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (8), and phthalic acid (9). These products account for 85-90% of the reacted PH. The photoproducts are independent of excitation wavelength (254 and 350 nm), and the reaction proceeds entirely through an initial step involving the addition of singlet molecular oxygen to the ground state of phenanthrene with subsequent thermal and/or photochemical reactions of the initially formed product. Singlet molecular oxygen is produced through quenching of the lowest triplet state of PH at the silica gel/air interface, The high material balance and detailed mechanistic information provided by this study serve as a standard for comparisons with the products and mechanism of PH photochemical oxidation on environmentally derived inorganic oxide particulates. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 31 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1776 EP 1780 DI 10.1021/es950769p PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UG954 UT WOS:A1996UG95400074 ER PT J AU Suter, GW Sample, BE AF Suter, GW Sample, BE TI Internet resources SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP Suter, GW (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 30 IS 5 BP A184 EP A184 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UG954 UT WOS:A1996UG95400003 ER PT J AU Trent, JD AF Trent, JD TI A review of acquired thermotolerance, heat-shock proteins, and molecular chaperones in archaea SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Congress on Extremophiles CY JUN 02-06, 1996 CL ESTORIL, PORTUGAL DE acquired thermotolerance; heat shock protein; molecular chaperone; eukaryote; bacteria; archaea ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; THERMOPHILIC ARCHAEBACTERIUM; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; STRESS PROTEINS; RNA-POLYMERASE; DNAK GENE; TEMPERATURES; INDUCTION AB Acquired thermotolerance, the associated synthesis of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) under stress conditions, and the role of HSPs as molecular chaperones under normal growth conditions have been studied extensively in eukaryotes and bacteria, whereas research in these areas in archaea is only beginning. All organisms have evolved a variety of strategies for coping with high-temperature stress, and among these strategies is the increased synthesis of HSPs. The facts that both high temperatures and chemical stresses induce the HSPs and that some of the HSPs recognize and bind to unfolded proteins in vitro have led to the theory that the function of HSPs is to prevent protein aggregation in vivo. The facts that some HSPs are abundant under normal growth conditions and that they assist in protein folding in vitro have led to the theory that they assist protein folding in vivo, in this role, they are referred to as molecular chaperones. The limited research on acquired thermotolerance, HSPs, and molecular chaperones in archaea, particularly the hyperthermophilic archaea, suggests that these extremophiles provide a new perspective in these areas of research, both because they are members of a separate phylogenetic domain and because they have evolved to live under extreme conditions. RP Trent, JD (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 91 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6445 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL REV JI Fems Microbiol. Rev. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 18 IS 2-3 BP 249 EP 258 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA UN341 UT WOS:A1996UN34100014 ER PT J AU Austin, EW Parrish, JM Kinder, DH Bull, RJ AF Austin, EW Parrish, JM Kinder, DH Bull, RJ TI Lipid peroxidation and formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine from acute doses of halogenated acetic acids SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on NTP Studies - Principles of Dose Selection and Applications to Mechanistic Based Risk Assessment, at the 34th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY 1995 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Soc Toxicol ID DNA STRAND BREAKS; MALE B6C3F1 MOUSE; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; DRINKING-WATER; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; BLADDER-CANCER; LIVER INVIVO; 8-HYDROXYGUANINE AB Chlorinated, brominated, and mixed bromochloro acetates are major by-products of water disinfection by chlorine or ozone. The chlorinated acetates, trichloroacetate (TCA) and dichloroacetate (DCA), are carcinogenic in rodents. Brominated analogs of TCA and DCA have received little study. TCA and DCA induce lipid peroxidation in the livers of rodents when administered acutely. Oxidative stress can also result in oxidative damage to DNA, most commonly measured as increases in 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) adducts. In this study, the ability of acute doses of TCA, DCA, dibromoacetate (DBA), bromodichloroacetate (BDCA), and bromochloroacetate (BCA) to induce lipid peroxidation and 8-OHdG formation was examined. Male B6C3F1 mice developed significant increases in 8-OHdG/dG ratios in nuclear DNA isolated from livers when treated with haloacetates. The extent of 8-OHdG formation appeared to be related to the ability to induce thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TEARS). The order of potency was DEA congruent to BCA > BDCA > DCA > TCA. The induction of 8-OHdG was found to be generally more sensitive to treatment with haloacetates than the TEARS response. Significantly elevated levels of 8-OHdG were observed at doses of DEA, BCA, and BDCA as low as 30 mg/kg. We suggest that formation of 8-OHdG by brominated haloacetates may contribute to their toxicological effects. (C) 1996 Society of Toxicology C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, HLTH RISK ASSESSMENT DEPT, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, PHARMACOL TOXICOL GRAD PROGRAM, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. OHIO NO UNIV, RAABE COLL PHARM, ADA, OH 45810 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01-ES04648] NR 39 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 77 EP 82 DI 10.1006/faat.1996.0078 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA UK513 UT WOS:A1996UK51300009 PM 8998956 ER PT J AU Majumdar, S Wolters, J AF Majumdar, S Wolters, J TI Shakedown and ratcheting analyses of fusion reactor first wall SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE first wall; shakedown; ratcheting AB Bree diagrams are developed for shakedown and ratcheting analyses of a typical fusion reactor first wall subjected to cyclic thermal and steady primary stresses. The stresses are assumed to be predominantly of the bending type. The first loading/unloading cycle is analyzed analytically as well as numerically using elastic-plastic beam bending theory. The general problem of elastic shakedown is solved using the shakedown theorem of perfect plasticity. The problem of plastic strain cycling with and without ratcheting is solved using numerical analysis. C1 FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM, W-5170 JULICH, GERMANY. RP Majumdar, S (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB, 9700 S CASS AVE, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 29 IS 3 BP 353 EP 364 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA UF636 UT WOS:A1996UF63600003 ER PT J AU Colchin, RJ AF Colchin, RJ TI Eddy currents in the toroidal field core of the low-aspect-ratio tokamak start SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eddy currents; spherical tokamak; ohmic heating AB START, a low-aspect-ratio tokamak located at Culham Laboratory in England, has a central copper rod that carries the whole of the toroidal field current. A small ohmic heating (OH) solenoid is wound around this central rod. The OH-driven currents in the solenoid are opposed by eddy currents in the copper rod, decreasing the volt-seconds available to drive plasma current. These eddy currents were measured and were modeled by a Laplace-transformed cylindrical heat equation. Slots in the central rod inhibit the eddy currents, increasing the effective poloidal resistance of the rod. RP Colchin, RJ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,BLDG 9201-2,MS-8072,POB 2009,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 29 IS 3 BP 365 EP 371 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA UF636 UT WOS:A1996UF63600004 ER PT J AU Longhurst, GR Gervash, A DalleDonne, M Hanafee, JE Watson, RD Kawamura, H Dombrowski, DM AF Longhurst, GR Gervash, A DalleDonne, M Hanafee, JE Watson, RD Kawamura, H Dombrowski, DM TI Second International Energy Agency workshop on Beryllium Technology for Fusion, Jackson Lake Lodge, Wyoming, September 6-8, 1995 SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 DV EFREMOV SCI RES INST ELECTROPHYS APPARATUS,ST PETERSBURG 18931,RUSSIA. FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM KARLSRUHE,INR,D-76021 KARLSRUHE 1,GERMANY. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87123. JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST,OARAI RES ESTAB,OARAI,IBARAKI 31113,JAPAN. BRUSH WELLMAN INC,CLEVELAND,OH 44110. RP Longhurst, GR (reprint author), IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,FUS SAFETY PROGRAM,POB 1625,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 29 IS 3 BP 409 EP 412 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA UF636 UT WOS:A1996UF63600011 ER PT J AU Kimmerly, W Stultz, K Lewis, S Lewis, K Lustre, V Romero, R Benke, J Sun, D Shirley, G Martin, C Palazzolo, M AF Kimmerly, W Stultz, K Lewis, S Lewis, K Lustre, V Romero, R Benke, J Sun, D Shirley, G Martin, C Palazzolo, M TI A P1-based physical map of the Drosophila euchromatic genome SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID KILOBASE PAIRS; DNA FRAGMENTS; YEAST; CHROMOSOME; MELANOGASTER; CLONING; BACTERIOPHAGE-P1; AMPLIFICATION; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCES AB A PCR-based sequence-tagged site (STS) content mapping strategy has been used to generate a physical map with 90% coverage of the 120-Mb euchromatic portion of the Drosophila genome. To facilitate map completion, the bulk of the STS markers was chosen in a nonrandom fashion. To ensure that all contigs were localized in relation to each other and the genome, these contig-building procedures were performed in conjunction with a large-scale in situ hybridization analysis of randomly selected clones from a Drosophila genomic library that had been generated in a P1 cloning vector. To date, the map consists of 649 contigs with an STS localized on average every 50 kb. This is the first whole genome that has been mapped based on a library constructed with large inserts in a vector that is maintained in Escherichia coli as a single-copy plasmid. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MOLEC & CELL BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Kimmerly, W (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DROSOPHILA GENOME CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. OI Lewis, Suzanna/0000-0002-8343-612X FU NCHHSTP CDC HHS [PS0-HG00750] NR 37 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 SN 1054-9803 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 6 IS 5 BP 414 EP 430 DI 10.1101/gr.6.5.414 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA UM831 UT WOS:A1996UM83100006 PM 8743991 ER PT J AU Johnson, KR Smith, L Johnson, DK Rhodes, J Rinchik, EM Thayer, M Lewis, EJ AF Johnson, KR Smith, L Johnson, DK Rhodes, J Rinchik, EM Thayer, M Lewis, EJ TI Mapping of the ARIX homeodomain gene to mouse chromosome 7 and human chromosome 11q13 SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID TUMOR ALVEOLAR RHABDOMYOSARCOMA; ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE-1; PAIRED BOX GENE; WAARDENBURG SYNDROME; DOMAIN GENE; LOCALIZATION; MUTATION; PAX3 AB The recently described homeodomain protein ARM is expressed specifically in noradrenergic cell types of the sympathetic nervous system, brain, and adrenal medulla, ARIX interacts with regulatory elements of the genes encoding the noradrenergic biosynthetic enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine P-hydroxylase, suggesting a role for ARM in expression of the noradrenergic phenotype. In the study described here, the mouse and human ARM genes are mapped. Using segregation analysis of two panels of mouse backcross DNA, mouse Arix was positioned approximately 50 cM distal to the centromere of chromosome 7, near Hbb. Human ARIX was positioned through analysis of somatic cell hybrids and fluorescence in situ hybridization of human metaphase chromosomes to chromosome 11q13.3-q13.4. These map locations extend and further define regions of conserved synteny between mouse and human genomes and identify a new candidate gene for inherited developmental disorders linked to human 11q13. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,DEPT MED & MOLEC GENET,PORTLAND,OR 97201. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,PORTLAND,OR 97201. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. JACKSON LAB,BAR HARBOR,ME 04609. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL48546]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM46697, GM38696] NR 25 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 33 IS 3 BP 527 EP 531 DI 10.1006/geno.1996.0230 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA UK511 UT WOS:A1996UK51100022 PM 8661014 ER PT J AU Rustad, JR Felmy, AR Hay, BP AF Rustad, JR Felmy, AR Hay, BP TI Molecular statics calculations for iron oxide and oxyhydroxide minerals: Toward a flexible model of the reactive mineral-water interface SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; 001 SURFACES; DYNAMICS; HEMATITE AB Molecular statics calculations are used to model the major FeOOH polymorphs and hematite. The potentials were taken from a previous investigation of Fe(III) in aqueous solutions which involved the extrapolation of the gas-phase Fe(III) -OH2 potential energy surface to the solvated hexaaqua complex. Using this model for the solid phases, lattice parameters for goethite, akaganeite, lepidocrocite, and hematite are generally within 4% of experiment. Internal energies (at 0 K) were computed for each structure; lepidocrocite is energetically the most stable polymorph, followed by akaganeite, with goethite being the least stable. While the model exhibits some variances with experiment, it performs remarkably well, despite the challenging constraint of being consistent with a dissociating molecular dynamics model for water in its gas, aqueous, and solid phases. Because of this consistency, the model allows qualitative theoretical treatment of previously unapproachable problems in mineral-water interface geochemistry. We apply the model to identify surface species on the solvated (110) surface of goethite. RP Rustad, JR (reprint author), PACIFIC NW NATL LAB, MSIN K9-77, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 29 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 1996 VL 60 IS 9 BP 1553 EP 1562 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(96)00046-4 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA UK230 UT WOS:A1996UK23000008 ER PT J AU Rustad, JR Felmy, AR Hay, BP AF Rustad, JR Felmy, AR Hay, BP TI Molecular statics calculations of proton binding to goethite surfaces: A new approach to estimation of stability constants for multisite surface complexation models SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SOLID-SOLUTION INTERFACE; CRYSTAL MORPHOLOGY; ADSORPTION; (HYDR)OXIDES; DYNAMICS; SOILS; WATER AB A new approach to estimating stability constants for proton binding in multisite surface complexation models is presented. The method is based on molecular statics computation of energies for the formation of proton vacancies and interstitials in ideal periodic slabs representing the (100), (110), (010), (001), and (021) surfaces of goethite. Gas-phase energies of clusters representing the hydrolysis products of ferric iron are calculated using the same potential energy functions used for the surface. These energies are linearly related to the hydrolysis constants for ferric iron in aqueous solution. Stability constants for proton binding at goethite surfaces are estimated by assuming the same log K-Delta E relationship for goethite surface protonation reactions. These stability constants predict a pH of zero charge of 8.9, in adequate agreement with measurements on CO2-free goethite. The estimated stability constants differ significantly from previous estimations based on Pauling bond strength. We find that nearly all the surface oxide ions are reactive; nineteen of the twenty-six surface sites investigated have log K-int between 7.7 and 9.4. This implies a site density between fifteen and sixteen reactive sites/nm for crystals dominated by (110) and (021) crystal faces. RP Rustad, JR (reprint author), PACIFIC NW NATL LAB, MSIN K9-77, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 40 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 1996 VL 60 IS 9 BP 1563 EP 1576 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(96)00035-X PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA UK230 UT WOS:A1996UK23000009 ER PT J AU Beck, SL Zandt, G Myers, SC Wallace, TC Silver, PG Drake, L AF Beck, SL Zandt, G Myers, SC Wallace, TC Silver, PG Drake, L TI Crustal-thickness variations in the central Andes SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLATEAU; BOLIVIA AB We estimated the crustal thickness along an east-west transect across the Andes at lat 20 degrees S and along a north-south transect along the eastern edge of the Altiplano from data recorded on two arrays of portable broadband seismic stations (BANJO and SEDA). Waveforms of deep regional events in the downgoing Nazca slab and teleseismic earthquakes were processed to isolate the P-to-S converted phases from the Moho in order to compute the crustal thickness. We found crustal-thickness variations of nearly 40 km across the Andes, Maximum crustal thicknesses of 70-74 km under the Western Cordillera and the Eastern Cordillera thin to 32-38 km 200 km east of the Andes in the Chaco Plain. The central Altiplano at 20 degrees S has crustal thicknesses of 60 to 65 km. The crust also appears to thicken from north (16 degrees S, 55-60 km) to south (20 degrees S, 70-74 km) along the Eastern Cordillera, The Subandean zone crust has intermediate thicknesses of 43 to 47 km. Crustal-thickness predictions for the Andes based on Airy-type isostatic behavior show remarkable overall correlation with observed crustal thickness in the regions of high elevation, In contrast, at the boundary between the Eastern Cordillera and the Subandean zone and in the Chaco Plain, the crust is thinner than predicted, suggesting that the crust in these regions is supported in part by the flexural rigidity of a strong lithosphere, With additional constraints, we conclude that the observation of Airy-type isostasy is consistent with thickening associated with compressional shortening of a weak lithosphere squeezed between the stronger lithosphere of the subducting Nazca plate and the cratonic lithosphere of the Brazilian craton. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT GEOSCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,WASHINGTON,DC. OBSERV SAN CALIXTO,LA PAZ,BOLIVIA. RP Beck, SL (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,SASO,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. RI Myers, Stephen/K-1368-2014 OI Myers, Stephen/0000-0002-0315-5599 NR 26 TC 177 Z9 177 U1 1 U2 12 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAY PY 1996 VL 24 IS 5 BP 407 EP 410 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0407:CTVITC>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA UK827 UT WOS:A1996UK82700006 ER PT J AU Gray, PC Pontius, DH Matthaeus, WH AF Gray, PC Pontius, DH Matthaeus, WH TI Scaling of field-line random walk in model solar wind fluctuations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALFVEN WAVES; DIFFUSION AB The diffusion coefficient associated with random walk of magnetic field lines is computed by direct calculation of a large number of field lines from a specified statistical ensemble. Two-component magnetic field models are examined, consisting of a mixture of slab and two-dimensional fluctuations. The scaling of the diffusion coefficient with magnetic field strength is established numerically for a wide range of relative fluctuation amplitudes (delta b/B-0). The results confirm the recent nonperturbative theory of field line random walk (Phys. Rev. Lett., 75, 2136, 1995), but depart considerably from the quasilinear B-0(-2) scaling, for models thought to be appropriate to the solar wind. C1 UNIV DELAWARE,BARTOL RES INST,NEWARK,DE 19716. RP Gray, PC (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,MAIL STOP 1188,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 22 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 23 IS 9 BP 965 EP 968 DI 10.1029/96GL00769 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA UK814 UT WOS:A1996UK81400016 ER PT J AU Henson, BF Wilson, KR Robinson, JM AF Henson, BF Wilson, KR Robinson, JM TI A physical adsorption model of the dependence of ClONO2 heterogeneous reactions on relative humidity SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS; NITRIC-ACID TRIHYDRATE; HYDROGEN-CHLORIDE; ICE FILMS; WATER-ICE; SURFACES; VAPOR; HCL; POROSITIES; NITRATE AB We present a model of heterogeneous reactivity based on physical adsorption that describes the observed relative humidity dependence of the ClONO2 reaction probability with H2O and HCl on sulfuric acid tetrahydrate ice surfaces (SAT) and with H2O on nitric acid trihydrate (NAT). The laboratory data are modeled using only two parameters for a given system, the measured reaction probability on a neat H2O ice surface, and a constant from the BET theory which describes the fraction of an acid hydrate surface covered by H2O as a function of relative humidity. The model indicates that ClONO2 reactivity with both HCl and H2O on SAT and with H2O on NAT is controlled by the surface coverage of H2O. In contrast, the reaction of ClONO2 + HCl on NAT is better described by an alternative model based on reactivity in solutions formed within a porous ice by capillary liquid absorption. RP Henson, BF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL DIV,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1021 EP 1024 DI 10.1029/96GL00871 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA UK814 UT WOS:A1996UK81400030 ER PT J AU Wang, SD Liu, JQ Xie, GQ AF Wang, SD Liu, JQ Xie, GQ TI 2-D acoustic wave equation inversion combining plane-wave seismograms with well logs SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEDIA AB Seismic waves can be described approximately by an acoustic wave equation. An inversion procedure for obtaining velocities using well logs and plane-wave reflection seismograms is described. The forward problem is based on the 2-D acoustic wave equation. The inversion is performed by minimizing the difference between the calculated data and the observed data using the least-squares regularization method. The numerical example shows that the stability and the robustness of the algorithm to noisy data is improved by introducing well logs into the inversion process. C1 HARBIN INST TECHNOL,DEPT MATH,HARBIN 150001,PEOPLES R CHINA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 61 IS 3 BP 735 EP 741 DI 10.1190/1.1444000 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA UN408 UT WOS:A1996UN40800011 ER PT J AU Ballard, S Barker, GT Nichols, RL AF Ballard, S Barker, GT Nichols, RL TI A test of the in situ permeable flow sensor at Savannah River, SC SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB A test of the In Situ Permeable Flow Sensor was conducted in which ground-water flow velocity measurements made by the flow sensors were directly compared to velocity estimates obtained using standard hydrologic techniques, Two flow sensors were deployed in a confined aquifer in close proximity to a well which was screened over the entire vertical extent of the aquifer, When the well was pumped at four different pumping rates, the horizontal component of the flow velocity measured by the flow sensors was directed toward the pumping well, within the uncertainty in the measurements, and the magnitude of the horizontal component of the velocity increased linearly with pumping rate, as predicted by theoretical considerations. The measured magnitudes differed from predicted values, calculated with the assumption that the hydraulic properties of the aquifer were homogeneous and isotropic, by less than a factor of two, Vertical components of ground-water flow observed with. the flow sensors are qualitatively consistent with the vertical distribution of hydraulic conductivity estimated from grain-size analysis but are significantly larger in magnitude than predicted, This is likely due to the creation of a vertical conduit of increased hydraulic conductivity during emplacement of the probes, The results suggest that while the flow sensors measured the local ground-water flow velocity vector during the test quite accurately, care must be exercised to disturb the formation as little as possible during emplacement. The technology has many potential uses, particularly in the area of environmental site characterization and remediation process monitoring. C1 SAVANNAH RIVER TECHNOL CTR,ENVIRONM SCI SECT,AIKEN,SC 29808. RP Ballard, S (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT GEOPHYS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 34 IS 3 BP 389 EP 396 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1996.tb02019.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA UJ269 UT WOS:A1996UJ26900003 ER PT J AU Toran, L Sjoreen, A AF Toran, L Sjoreen, A TI CHEMFORM: A formatting program for geochemical data SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV COMP APPLICAT,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Toran, L (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 34 IS 3 BP 552 EP 553 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1996.tb02037.x PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA UJ269 UT WOS:A1996UJ26900021 ER PT J AU Frame, PW AF Frame, PW TI Radioactivity: Conception to birth: The Health Physics Society 1995 Radiology Centennial Hartman Oration SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radioactivity; x rays; historical profiles; radium AB Rontgen's description of his discovery of x rays was convincing and comprehensive. The response of the scientific community and public was immediate and intense. In contrast, the discovery of radioactivity was a muddled affair that excited little interest. While it would prove far more revolutionary than that of x rays, the discovery of radioactivity began, in the words of Alfred Romer, as something of a dead horse. There it lay, tao big to ignore, but what did you do with it? Even the discoverer, Henri Becquerel, left it to decay and went on to pursue other interests. For various reasons, others chose to investigate: Marie and Pierre Curie in France, William Crookes in England, and Ernest Rutherford in Canada. But it was Frederick Soddy, a young chemist with a fascination for alchemy, who, together with Rutherford, revealed the true nature of radioactivity: transmutation. RP Frame, PW (reprint author), OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC, PROFESS TRAINING PROGRAMS, POB 117, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 70 IS 5 BP 614 EP 620 DI 10.1097/00004032-199605000-00001 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UF094 UT WOS:A1996UF09400002 PM 8690570 ER PT J AU Rees, B AF Rees, B TI P-32 and beta emitting radionuclides in microbiology and cell biology SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE tritium; P-32; radionuclide; microdosimetry AB Microbiology and cell biology researchers make extensive use of beta emitting nuclides. Because of the short half-lives or difficulty of direct measurement some researchers do not view radionuclide use with proper care and respect. Radionuclide use in microbiology and cell biology research is unique, Review of the isotopes and processes may be useful to the health physicist and researcher alike. RP Rees, B (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, POB 1663, MS E503, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 70 IS 5 BP 639 EP 642 DI 10.1097/00004032-199605000-00003 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UF094 UT WOS:A1996UF09400005 PM 8690573 ER PT J AU Scarpitta, SC AF Scarpitta, SC TI A new beaded carbon molecular sieve sorbent for Rn-222 monitoring SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Rn-222; adsorption; scintillation chamber; radon ID ACTIVATED-CHARCOAL; RADON; ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; AIR AB A new commercially available beaded carbon molecular sieve sorbent, Carboxen-564 (20/45 mesh), was tested and compared to Calgon-PCB (40/80) activated carbon for its adsorptive and desorptive characteristics under controlled conditions of temperature (25 degrees C) and relative humidity (RH). The amount of water vapor adsorbed by the beaded carbon molecular sieve material was typically a factor of 4 lower than the activated carbon, with a concomitant fourfold increase in the Rn-222 adsorption coefficient, K-Rn. The maximum K-Rn value for a thin layer of Carboxen-564, following a 2-d exposure at 40% RH, was 7.2 Bq kg(-1) per Bq m(-3). The K-Rn for a l-cm bed, following a 2-d exposure was 5.5 Bq m(-3), a 25% reduction. Under dynamic sampling conditions, where 0.4 g of the beaded carbon molecular sieve was contained in a 6 cm x 0.4 cm diameter tube, the maximum K-Rn value was 6.5 Bq m(-3) after 2.5 h of sampling at 29% RH when the input flow rate was 4.2 x 10(-3) m(3) h(-1), Kinetic studies were also conducted under passive sampling, conditions. The data show that the Rn-222 buildup time-constant for a thin layer of the beaded carbon molecular sieve material was 1.3 h, whereas that of a 1 cm bed was 13 h. The Rn-222 desorption time-constants, from gram amounts of the beaded carbon molecular sieve material into air and into a commercially available toluene based liquid scintillation cocktail, were 2 h and 3 h, respectively. Carboxen's high Rn-222 adsorbing capacity, rapid kinetics, hydrophobicity and physical properties makes it an attractive alternative to other commercially available activated carbon used in passive and dynamic sampling devices. RP Scarpitta, SC (reprint author), US DOE, ENVIRONM MEASUREMENTS LAB, 376 HUDSON ST, NEW YORK, NY 10014 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 70 IS 5 BP 673 EP 679 DI 10.1097/00004032-199605000-00008 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UF094 UT WOS:A1996UF09400010 PM 8690578 ER PT J AU Anspaugh, LR Daniels, JI AF Anspaugh, LR Daniels, JI TI Bases for secondary standards for residual radionuclides in soil and some recommendations for cost-effective operational implementation SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiation protection; dose assessment; soil; surveys AB The future use of land contaminated with radionuclides depends upon scientifically defensible bases for setting limits for radionuclides in soil, The purpose of this work is to develop such bases for establishing ''posting criteria'' to protect nonradiological workers at the Nevada Test Site and to provide a rationale for cost-effective measurements to readily determine the boundary conditions, The analysis begins with a mandated limit on total effective dose equivalent (1 mSv y(-1)) via all pathways. The possible pathways of exposure are external gamma exposure, inhalation of resuspended material, and incidental soil ingestion, These pathways are evaluated for each radionuclide of interest on the Nevada Test Site, and the results are used to define for each radionuclide the deposition-density limits for each pathway of exposure, The minimum deposition-density limits are noted to occur via the external gamma-exposure pathway for most radionuclides; exceptions are incidental soil ingestion for (SrY)-Sr-90-Y-90 and inhalation for Pu-238, Pu-239,Pu-240, and Am-241, The limiting values of deposition density or average concentration in soil are then determined appropriately by combining all pathways, Procedures are developed for dealing with mixtures of many radionuclides and to apply the principles developed so that even a simple measurement of external gamma-exposure rate may be used to define the boundary conditions in the field, provided that the relative abundance of the radionuclide mixture is known and that the defining level of exposure rate is sufficiently above background. RP Anspaugh, LR (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, HLTH & ECOL ASSESSMENT DIV, DOSE RECONSTRUCT PROGRAM, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 70 IS 5 BP 722 EP 734 DI 10.1097/00004032-199605000-00016 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UF094 UT WOS:A1996UF09400018 PM 8690586 ER PT J AU Hutter, AR AF Hutter, AR TI Clarification of Moghissi and Straja's ''Consistency in radon dosimetry and nomenclature'' SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Letter RP Hutter, AR (reprint author), US DOE, ENVIRONM MEASUREMENTS LAB, 376 HUDSON ST, NEW YORK, NY 10014 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 70 IS 5 BP 749 EP 749 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UF094 UT WOS:A1996UF09400022 PM 8690590 ER PT J AU Waldman, FM Sauter, G Sudar, D Thompson, CT AF Waldman, FM Sauter, G Sudar, D Thompson, CT TI Molecular cytometry of cancer SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fluorescent in situ hybridization; comparative genomic hybridization; cytogenetics; cancer; cytometry ID FLUORESCENCE INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; INTERPHASE CELL-NUCLEI; BONE-MARROW SPECIMENS; CHROMOSOME-ABNORMALITIES; CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS; PARAFFIN SECTIONS; BLADDER-CANCER; LEUKEMIA; ABERRATIONS AB The application of molecular probes to diagnosis and prognosis of malignancies has redefined our perceptions of disease, allowing diagnosis by genotypic rather than phenotypic criteria DNA analysis is especially useful when applied to pathological material in situ, because this allows the pathologist to combine information from both morphological and molecular observations. DNA in situ hybridization is a useful approach for the molecular pathologist, especially when combined with cytometric analysis. Potential clinical applications for in situ hybridization and the recently described technique of comparative genomic hybridization in tumor diagnosis and prognosis are described. (C) 1996 by W.B. Saunders Company C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT PATHOL,DIV MOL CYTOMETRY,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV BASEL,INST PATHOL,BASEL,SWITZERLAND. RP Waldman, FM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT LAB MED,DIV MOL CYTOMETRY,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. OI Sudar, Damir/0000-0002-2510-7272 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA47537, CA49056, CA44768] NR 72 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 27 IS 5 BP 441 EP 449 DI 10.1016/S0046-8177(96)90088-X PG 9 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA UK914 UT WOS:A1996UK91400003 PM 8621184 ER PT J AU Schaffers, KI DeLoach, LD Payne, SA AF Schaffers, KI DeLoach, LD Payne, SA TI Crystal growth, frequency doubling, and infrared laser performance of Yb3+:BaCaBO3F SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID EFFICIENCY; EMISSION AB Yb : BaCaBO3F (Yb : BCBF) has been investigated as a new laser crystal with potential for self-frequency doubling, Yb3+ in BCBF exhibits a maximum absorption cross section at 912 nm of 1.1 x 10(-20) cm(2) with a bandwidth (FWHM) of 19 nm. The maximum emission cross section at 1034 nm is 1.3 x 10(-20) cm(2) with a transition bandwidth of 24 nm. The measured emission lifetime of Yb3+ is 1.17 ms. An Yb:BCBF laser has been demonstrated with a Ti:sapphire pump source, and a measured slope efficiency of 38% has been obtained for the fundamental laser output. Single crystal powders of BCBF have been compared with KD*P for a relative measure of the second-harmonic generating potential, yielding d(eff) (BCBF) similar to 0.26 pm/V. The phasematching angle has been estimated from the refractive index data for type I second-harmonic generation of 0.517 mu m light; the predicted angle is 37 degrees from the c-axis. The growth, spectroscopy, laser performance, and linear and nonlinear optical properties of Yb:BCBF are reported. RP Schaffers, KI (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 26 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 32 IS 5 BP 741 EP 748 DI 10.1109/3.492995 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA UJ899 UT WOS:A1996UJ89900001 ER PT J AU Tierney, BL Johnston, WE Lee, JR Hoo, G AF Tierney, BL Johnston, WE Lee, JR Hoo, G TI Performance analysis in high-speed wide area IP-over-ATM networks: Top-to-bottom end-to-end monitoring SO IEEE NETWORK LA English DT Article AB We describe an approach to the analysis of the performance of distributed applications in high-speed wide area networks. The approach is designed to identify all of the issues that impact performance, and isolate the causes due to the related hardware and software components. We also describe the use of a distributed parallel data server as a network load generator that can be used in conjunction with this approach to probe various aspects of high-speed distributed systems from top to bottom of the protocol stock and from end to end in the network. To demonstrate the utility of this approach we present the analysis of a TCP-over-ATM problem that was uncovered while developing this methodology. This work was done in conjunction with the ARPA-funded MAGIC gigabit testbed. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV INFORMAT & COMP SCI,BERKELEY,CA. RP Tierney, BL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,IMAGING & DISTRIBUTED COMP GRP,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0890-8044 J9 IEEE NETWORK JI IEEE Netw. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 10 IS 3 BP 26 EP 39 DI 10.1109/65.494559 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA UL253 UT WOS:A1996UL25300005 ER PT J AU Lai, JS Peng, FZ AF Lai, JS Peng, FZ TI Multilevel converters - A new breed of power converters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1995 IEEE Industry-Applications-Society Annual Meeting CY OCT 08-12, 1995 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FL SP IEEE, Ind Appl Soc AB Multilevel voltage source converters are emerging as a new breed of power converter options for high-power applications, The multilevel voltage source converters typically synthesize the staircase voltage wave from several levels of de capacitor voltages, One of the major limitations of the multilevel converters is the voltage unbalance between different levels, The techniques to balance the voltage between different Levels normally involve voltage clamping or capacitor charge control, There are several ways of implementing voltage balance in multilevel converters, Without considering the traditional magnetic coupled converters, this paper presents three recently developed multilevel voltage source converters: 1) diode-clamp, 2) flying-capacitors, and 3) cascaded-inverters with separate de sources. The operating principle, features, constraints, and potential applications of these converters will be discussed. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP Lai, JS (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENGN TECHNOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Lai, Jihsheng/0000-0003-2315-8460 NR 18 TC 1287 Z9 1443 U1 5 U2 26 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 32 IS 3 BP 509 EP 517 DI 10.1109/28.502161 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA UM675 UT WOS:A1996UM67500003 ER PT J AU Lai, JS Young, RW Ott, GW McKeever, JW Peng, FZ AF Lai, JS Young, RW Ott, GW McKeever, JW Peng, FZ TI A delta-configured auxiliary resonant snubber inverter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1995 IEEE Industry-Applications-Society Annual Meeting CY OCT 08-12, 1995 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FL SP IEEE, Ind Appl Soc AB A delta (Delta)-configured auxiliary resonant snubber inverter is developed to overcome the voltage floating problem in a wye (Y)-configured resonant snubber inverter, The proposed inverter is to connect auxiliary resonant branches between phase outputs to avoid a floating point voltage which may cause overvoltage failure of the auxiliary switches, Each auxiliary branch consists of a resonant inductor and a reverse blocking auxiliary switch, Instead of using an antiparalleled diode to allow resonant current to how in the reverse direction, as in the Y-configured version, the resonant branch in the Delta-configured version must block the negative voltage, typically, done by a series diode, This paper shows single-phase and three-phase versions of Delta-configured resonant snubber inverters and describes in detail the operating principle of a single-phase version, The extended three-phase version is proposed with nonadjacent state space vector modulation, For hardware implementation, a single-phase 1-kW unit and a three-phase 100-kW unit were built to prove the concept. Experimental results show the superiority of the proposed topology. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP Lai, JS (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENGN TECHNOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Lai, Jihsheng/0000-0003-2315-8460 NR 5 TC 70 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 32 IS 3 BP 518 EP 525 DI 10.1109/28.502162 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA UM675 UT WOS:A1996UM67500004 ER PT J AU Donnelly, MK Dagle, JE Trudnowski, DJ Rogers, GJ AF Donnelly, MK Dagle, JE Trudnowski, DJ Rogers, GJ TI Impacts of the distributed utility on transmission system stability SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1995 IEEE/PES Summer Meeting CY JUL 23-25, 1995 CL PORTLAND, OR SP IEEE, PES DE distributed utility; transient stability; small-signal stability; dynamic performance AB The distributed (or dispersed) utility concept is rapidly becoming a reality in some service areas. In this framework, modular generation and storage assets along with selected demand-side management programs are used in place of the more traditional infrastructure upgrades to ensure reliable service to a group of utility customers. From among the many technical challenges associated with the proliferation of distributed resources, this paper deals with the impacts of distributed architectures upon the bulk transmission system. Bulk transmission system transient and small-signal stability are addressed through the use of extensive case studies, Planning tools and methods are discussed, and some general conclusions related to stability issues are drawn. C1 CHERRY TREE SCI SOFTWARE, COLBORNE, ON, CANADA. RP Donnelly, MK (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 11 IS 2 BP 741 EP 746 DI 10.1109/59.496148 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA UM672 UT WOS:A1996UM67200034 ER PT J AU Trudnowski, DJ Donnelly, MK Hauer, JF AF Trudnowski, DJ Donnelly, MK Hauer, JF TI Estimating damping effectiveness of BPA's thyristor controlled series capacitor by applying time and frequency domain methods to measured response SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1995 IEEE/PES Summer Meeting CY JUL 23-25, 1995 CL PORTLAND, OR SP IEEE, PES ID SYSTEMS AB Recently, a 500-kV thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) was installed in the Bonneville Power Administration system in the northwestern United States, Extensive field testing has-included modulation experiments-to determine the effect of the TCSC on low-frequency oscillations, This paper discusses modulation procedures, analysis methods, and results for estimating the damping effectiveness of the TCSC, Modulation methods include driving the TCSC with step and random noise, and analysis techniques include time (Prony analysis) and frequency-domain identification. Results indicate that: 1) the TCSC can have significant impact on system dynamics; and 2) under a very small feedback gain, the TCSC provides measurable added damping. RP Trudnowski, DJ (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 11 IS 2 BP 761 EP 766 DI 10.1109/59.496151 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA UM672 UT WOS:A1996UM67200037 ER PT J AU Hauer, JF Mittelstadt, WA Piwko, RJ Damsky, BL Eden, JD AF Hauer, JF Mittelstadt, WA Piwko, RJ Damsky, BL Eden, JD TI Modulation and SSR tests performed on the BPA 500 kV thyristor controlled series capacitor unit at Slatt substation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1995 IEEE/PES Summer Meeting CY JUL 23-25, 1995 CL PORTLAND, OR SP IEEE, PES DE TCSC; FACTS; network resonance; feedback control; power system monitoring AB Field experience is reported for a thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) recently commissioned at BPA's Slatt substation. Subsynchronous resonance tests show that TCSC interactions with shaft dynamics of PGE's Boardman steam generator are well understood and are effectively avoided by normal TCSC valve firing logic. Modulation tests, performed with the Boardman plant off line, show that the TCSC can be a powerful and responsive actuator for swing damping. Security considerations did not permit lightly damped operation of the controlled plant. Close analysis indicates that the TCSC damping contribution, though small, was measurable. The best estimate is that damping for the McNary mode is 7.33% and 8.55%, for the TCSC damper loop open and closed respectively. TCSC testing and monitoring is facilitated by an advanced interactive measurement network representing BPA's approach to the information requirements of major control systems. C1 BONNEVILLE POWER ADM, PORTLAND, OR USA. GE CO, SCHENECTADY, NY 12301 USA. ELECT POWER RES INST, PALO ALTO, CA USA. PORTLAND GEN ELECT, PORTLAND, OR USA. RP Hauer, JF (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 11 IS 2 BP 801 EP 806 DI 10.1109/59.496157 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA UM672 UT WOS:A1996UM67200043 ER PT J AU Shi, Y Littlejohn, D Chang, SG AF Shi, Y Littlejohn, D Chang, SG TI Kinetics of NO absorption in aqueous iron(II) bis(2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate) solutions using a stirred reactor SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SO2 AB The iron(II) bis(2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate) (Fe2+(DMPS)(2)) complex is a newly developed metal thiochelate for the removal of NOx from flue gas. The mass transfer and kinetics of the absorption of NO in aqueous Fe2+(DMPS)(2) solutions have been studied in a stirred reactor. Factors influencing the NO absorption rate, such as pH, Fe2+(DMPS)(2) concentration, and the ratio of Fe2+ to DMPS have been investigated. The forward rate constant of the Fe2+(DMPS)(2)NO complexation reaction has been determined to be 1.1 x 10(8) L/mols at pH 7.2 and 50 degrees C. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY & ENVIRONM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 11 TC 34 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1668 EP 1672 DI 10.1021/ie950655m PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA UK291 UT WOS:A1996UK29100020 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Li, A Lange, C Allan, CB Spreer, LO Otvos, JW Calvin, M AF Zhou, J Li, A Lange, C Allan, CB Spreer, LO Otvos, JW Calvin, M TI Axial ligand effects on redox properties of a strongly-coupled bis-macrocyclic diiron compound SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE iron complexes; bis-macrocyclic complexes; mixed-valence complexes; beta-diimine complexes; electrochemistry ID COMPLEX AB The axial ligands L of the bis-macrocyclic diiron compound, [Fe2C20H36N4)L(4)](4+), play an important role in affecting its redox reactions. Altering the ligands produces not only quantitative effects in reaction rates but also changes the reaction pathways and products. When L = Cl-, dioxygen removes one electron to produce a valence-averaged mixed-valence species. When L = DMF dioxygen attacks the central carbon-carbon double bond to produce two, like, keto beta-diimine monomeric species. Oxidation when L = CH3CN in wet CH3CN produces oxidative dehydrogenation and gives a new diiron species with two keto beta-diimine moieties, one on each end of the bis-macrocyclic ligand. When L = CH3CN, reduction proceeds in two, well-separated, one-electron steps. When L = Cl-, DMF, or H2O a single broad reduction wave corresponding to two electrons is observed in the cyclic voltammogram. C1 UNIV PACIFIC,DEPT CHEM,STOCKTON,CA 95211. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,STRUCT BIOL DIV,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD MAY PY 1996 VL 246 IS 1-2 BP 241 EP 248 DI 10.1016/0020-1693(96)05070-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA UT898 UT WOS:A1996UT89800028 ER PT J AU Amundson, SA Chen, DJ AF Amundson, SA Chen, DJ TI Inverse dose-rate effect for mutation induction by gamma-rays in human lymphoblasts SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIPLOID HUMAN-LYMPHOBLASTS; IONIZING-RADIATION; HUMAN-CELLS; X-RAYS; ONCOGENIC TRANSFORMATION; TRITIATED-WATER; L5178Y CELLS; CHO CELLS; DNA; NEUTRONS AB In order to define further the effects of differences in recombinational proficiency on cell survival and mutation by ionizing radiation, we exposed the syngenic cell lines TK6 and WTK1 to continuous low dose-rate gamma-irradiation. We previously demonstrated that acute X-ray exposure results in lower survival and lower mutation induction at both the thymidine kinase (tk) and the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) loci in TK6 cells compared with WTK1 cells. These differences were attributed in part to reduced levels of recombination in the TK6 line relative to WTK1. Using a low dose rate Cs-137 irradiator, we exposed asynchronous growing populations of these cells to gamma-rays at 14.3, 6.7 and 2.7 cCy/h. Both cell lines exhibited a dose-rate effect on survival. Compared with acute doses, the low dose-rates also protected against mutation induction at the hrpt locus in WTK1, but protection was inversely related to dose-rate. There was also a slight inverse dose-rate effect in TK6, with mutation induction at the lowest dose-rate exceeding that at acute exposures. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI LS6,LOS ALAMOS,NM. RP Amundson, SA (reprint author), NCI,MOLEC PHARMACOL LAB,NIH,37 CONVENT DR,BLDG 37,RM 5D02,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA56414] NR 43 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 69 IS 5 BP 555 EP 563 DI 10.1080/095530096145562 PG 9 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UP361 UT WOS:A1996UP36100004 PM 8648243 ER PT J AU Joyce, DB Blencoe, JG AF Joyce, DB Blencoe, JG TI Chemical techniques for measuring and controlling the thermodynamic properties of aqueous fluids at high pressures and temperatures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 19-24, 1994 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Thermophys Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Comm Thermophys Properties HO UNIV COLORADO DE activity-composition relations; aqueous fluid mixtures; hydrogen fugacity sensor; H2O fugacity buffer; oxygen fugacity sensor; high pressures; high temperatures ID AG + AGCL; ELEVATED PRESSURES; SOLUTION EQUILIBRIA; MIXTURES; BUFFER; H2O; CO2 AB Several chemical techniques have recently been developed for measuring and controlling the fugacities f(O2), f(H2), f(H2O), and f(HCl) in supercritical aqueous fluids. Experimental samples consisting of fluid components and solid chemical ''sensors'' or ''buffers'' are sealed in H-2-permeable noble metal (Pt or Ag-Pd alloy) capsules and reacted at high pressure and temperature. Hydrogen diffusion through the walls of the capsule(s) allows f(H2) to be controlled or measured. After quenching, the fluids and solids are analyzed to quantify one or more thermodynamic properties of interest. Methods for determining the activity-composition relations of H2O in aqueous fluid mixtures are discussed. RP Joyce, DB (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,MS 6110,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 17 IS 3 BP 621 EP 630 DI 10.1007/BF01441508 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA UH496 UT WOS:A1996UH49600008 ER PT J AU Duncan, R Boyd, S Moeur, W Robinson, S Akau, R Gianoulakis, S AF Duncan, R Boyd, S Moeur, W Robinson, S Akau, R Gianoulakis, S TI Critical dynamics in microgravity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 19-24, 1994 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Thermophys Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Comm Thermophys Properties HO UNIV COLORADO DE microgravity; critical phenomena; nonequilibrium; transport properties; thermal conductivity; low temperatures; superfluid helium; thermometry; superconducting instrumentation ID RENORMALIZATION-GROUP THEORY; THERMAL-BOUNDARY RESISTANCE; NONLINEAR HEAT-TRANSPORT; SUPERFLUID TRANSITION; T-LAMBDA; KAPITZA RESISTANCE; HE-4; HELIUM; POINT; PHASE AB Although many well-controlled experiments have been conducted to measure the static properties of systems near criticality, few experiments have explored the transport properties in systems driven very far away from equilibrium as the transition occurs. Here we propose to measure the thermal gradient across the superfluid (HeII)-normal fluid (HeI) interface in microgravity conditions as a function of the heat flux Q used to make the measurements. Microgravity conditions are required (1) to avoid the hydrostatic pressure variation along the height of the helium column (a concern for Q < 0.1 mu W . cm(-2)), (2) avoid convection in He-I for Q > 3 mu W . cm(-2) in our apparatus, and (3) to increase the Q = 0 interfacial width from its value of a few tens of microns on Earth to about a millimeter in orbit. New technologies described in this paper are under development for this experiment, which is in definition for Space Shuttle flight. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. UNIV NEW MEXICO,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 17 IS 3 BP 631 EP 639 DI 10.1007/BF01441509 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA UH496 UT WOS:A1996UH49600009 ER PT J AU Morris, JW Kim, CU Kang, SH AF Morris, JW Kim, CU Kang, SH TI The metallurgical control of electromigration failure in narrow conducting lines SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Electromigration is a serious potential source of failure in the narrow, thin-film Al-Cu conductors used in modern microelectronic devices. The problem has become more acute as line widths have shrunk to below one micrometer, creating lines with quasi-bamboo microstructures. The usual mechanism of internal electromigration failure in such lines involves the formation of a transgranular void across a bamboo grain at the upstream end of a long, polygranular segment, preceded by the depletion of copper from both the polygranular segment and the upstream bamboo grain. At least three metallurgical mechanisms are available to inhibit this failure mechanisms and available to inhibit this failure mechanism and improve the useful lifetime of the line. Each of these methods has been demonstrated in the laboratory environment. RP Morris, JW (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,1 CYCLATRON RD,MS 66-200,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 8 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 48 IS 5 BP 43 EP 46 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA UJ633 UT WOS:A1996UJ63300009 ER PT J AU Frear, DR AF Frear, DR TI The mechanical behavior of interconnect materials for electronic packaging SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL FATIGUE; SOLDER JOINTS AB A variety of new materials are needed for solder interconnects in electronic packages for high- and low-temperature applications. This article compares the mechanical behavior of low-temperature materials (Sn-40In-20Pb, Sn-58Bi, and a silver-loaded conductive adhesive) and high-melting-temperature solders (Sn-3.5Ag, Sn-3.4Ag-4.8Bi, and Sn-4.7Ag-1.7 Cu) to near-eutectic Sn-40Pb solder. The results indicate that there are promising materials alternatives to the traditional Sn-Pb solders in electronic interconnect applications. RP Frear, DR (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,TECH STAFF,POB 5800,MD 1411,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 13 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 48 IS 5 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA UJ633 UT WOS:A1996UJ63300010 ER PT J AU Kleinke, H Franzen, HF AF Kleinke, H Franzen, HF TI A partial substitution of phosphorus with the metal atom Co: The crystal structure of Hf5Co1+xP3-x SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; cobalt; substitution; crystal structure ID TA-NB-S; SYSTEM; PHOSPHIDE; COMPOUND; TANTALUM AB The new phosphide Hf5Co1+xP3-x has been prepared by are melting of HfP, Hf and Co, and subsequent annealing at 1500 degrees C in an induction furnace. It crystallizes in a new structure type, space group Pnma (No. 62), lattice constants a = 16.980(3) Angstrom, b = 3.6101(7) Angstrom, c = 10.175(1) Angstrom, V = 623.8(2) Angstrom(3). This structure consists of six-membered Hf-channels, condensed to a double channel. Each channel contains one Co and one P atom, which form an infinite -Co-P- zigzag chain. The channels are connected via short Hf-Hf contacts to a three-dimensional network with two further P positions located in trigonal prismatic voids of the Hf sublattice. Unusually, one P site - that with the higher bond order - is partially occupied with Co, indicating that phosphorus is able to take part in delocalized metallic bonds, as well as cobalt. The partial Co/P exchange is related to the similar atomic radii and the expected negative charge for Co and P in this Hf-rich phosphide. A significant phase range is observed. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 238 IS 1-2 BP 68 EP 72 DI 10.1016/0925-8388(96)02205-0 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA UR403 UT WOS:A1996UR40300016 ER PT J AU Li, F Franzen, HF AF Li, F Franzen, HF TI Phase transitions in near stoichiometric iron sulfide SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE phase transitions; stoichiometry; iron sulfide ID X-RAY; MOSSBAUER; FES AB The phase transition between the NiAs-type structure (P6(3)/mmc) and the troilite structure (P (6) over bar 2c) in FeS has been examined in synthetic samples in high-temperature X-ray diffraction and DTA experiments, re-examined by Landau theory. The low temperature spin-flip and para- to ferroelectric transition was also studied. It is found experimentally that the NiAs-type to troilite transition is first-order and, by re-examination of Landau theory, that this is required by the Lifshitz condition but not by the Landau conditions. The low-temperature transition is found to occur with no discontinuity in lattice parameters. It is therefore argued that the low-temperature phase, which is known to be ferroelectric, has a trigonal space group symmetry that is a polar subgroup of P (6) over bar 2c, namely P31c. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 238 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1016/0925-8388(96)02207-4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA UR403 UT WOS:A1996UR40300017 ER PT J AU Anders, S Raoux, S Krishnan, K MacGill, RA Brown, IG AF Anders, S Raoux, S Krishnan, K MacGill, RA Brown, IG TI Plasma distribution of cathodic arc deposition systems SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; VACUUM-ARC; EVAPORATION; FILMS; COATINGS; TIN AB The plasma distribution using a cathodic are plasma source with and without magnetic macroparticle filter has been determined by depositing on a transparent plastic substrate and measuring the film absorption. It was found that the width of the distribution depends on the are current, and it also depends on the cathode material which leads to a spatial separation of the elements when an alloy cathode is used. By applying a magnetic multicusp field near the exit of the magnetic filter, it was possible to modify the plasma distribution and obtain a flat plasma profile with a constant and homogeneous elemental distribution which was demonstrated by depositing FeNd thin films. RP Anders, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Raoux, Simone/G-3920-2016 NR 45 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 79 IS 9 BP 6785 EP 6790 DI 10.1063/1.361523 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA UJ084 UT WOS:A1996UJ08400012 ER PT J AU Stock, SR Rek, ZU Goorsky, MS AF Stock, SR Rek, ZU Goorsky, MS TI Characterization of TaSi2-Si composites for use as wide-bandpass optical elements for synchrotron radiation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SI-TASI2 AB The wide rocking curves of matrix reflections of the in situ eutectic composite TaSi2-Si make wafers of this material attractive for use as wide-bandpass monochromators for synchrotron radiation, and characterization of wafers of TaSi2-Si for use with energies normally accessible at storage rings (i.e., 5-40 keV) is the focus of the present report. A wafer with [111](Si) orientation and a wafer with [110](Si) orientation are studied. The high degree of preferred orientation of the TaSi2 rods relative to the Si matrix is examined using synchrotron Laue patterns, and the 100(TaSi2), 003(TaSi2), 101(TaSi2), and 102(TaSi2) reflections are used to establish the orientation relationship and to determine that the spread of rod orientations is at least 5 degrees and probably no greater than 6 degrees. Double-axis diffractometry with Cu K alpha radiation reveals matrix reflections with rocking curve widths that are about 20 times broader than those from perfect Si and with peak reflectivities approaching 20%. The rocking curves widths are found to be relatively insensitive to irradiated area, thus indicating that most of the observed width is not due to long-range bending. Triple-axis diffractometry with Cu K alpha radiation reveals that considerable compressive strain exists in the matrix and that much of the width of the diffraction peak is due to mosaicity. The performance of the [111](Si) TaSi2-Si wafer and a perfect [111] Si wafer as monochromators for microradiography are compared, and a gain of an order of magnitude in x-ray intensity delivered to the sample is demonstrated with the composite crystal. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,STANFORD,CA 94309. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP Stock, SR (reprint author), GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH MAT SCI & ENGN,ATLANTA,GA 30332, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 79 IS 9 BP 6803 EP 6810 DI 10.1063/1.361501 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA UJ084 UT WOS:A1996UJ08400014 ER PT J AU Molenbroek, EC Mahan, AH Johnson, EJ Gallagher, AC AF Molenbroek, EC Mahan, AH Johnson, EJ Gallagher, AC TI Film quality in relation to deposition conditions of a-Si:H films deposited by the ''hot wire'' method using highly diluted silane SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ABSOLUTE RATE CONSTANTS; SILICON; HYDROGEN; DECOMPOSITION; DISCHARGES AB The deposition parameter space has been extensively explored using the hot wire technique with 1% SiH4 in He as a source gas. To achieve reasonable deposition rates despite the high dilution, the filament was positioned at 1-2 cm from the substrate. This short distance introduced a large nonuniformity across the substrate in deposition rate as well as in film properties. These spatial variations were used to analyze which factors in the deposition determine film quality. Radiation from the filament as well as deposition rate cannot explain the large variation in film properties, leaving gas-phase reactions of Si and H from the hot filament as the primary cause. It is clear that radicals evaporated from the filament must undergo gas-phase reactions with SiH4 before deposition in order to produce high-quality material. Thus, conditions such as increasing the chamber pressure or going to a heavier carrier gas increase the fraction of radicals that can react before reaching the substrate and, therefore, improve the film quality. However, such conditions also enhance multiple radical reactions before such radicals reach the substrate and this can have a negative effect on film quality: this is attributed to gas-phase nucleation with incorporation of conglomerates. The gas-phase chemistry is quite different from that of plasma-enhanced decomposition in that no disilane or trisilane is formed in significant quantities. This, and the dependence on pressure, indicates that the pathway for formation of these heavier particles is radical-radical reactions. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP Molenbroek, EC (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 29 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 79 IS 9 BP 7278 EP 7292 DI 10.1063/1.361445 PG 15 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA UJ084 UT WOS:A1996UJ08400091 ER PT J AU HerreraGomez, A Vergara, G Spicer, WE AF HerreraGomez, A Vergara, G Spicer, WE TI Physics of high-intensity nanosecond electron source: Charge limit phenomenon in GaAs photocathodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB GaAs negative electron affinity cathodes are used as high-intensity, short-time electron source at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. When the cathodes are illuminated with high-intensity laser pulses draw peak currents that are extremely high, typically of tens of Amperes. Because of the high currents, some nonlinear effects are present. Very noticeable is the so-called charge limit (CL) effect, which consists of a limit on the total charge in each pulse; that is, the total bunch charge stops increasing as the light pulse intensity increases. The CL effect is directly related to a photovoltage built up in the surface as a consequence of the photoelectrons coming from the bulk. We discuss possible ways to minimize the formation of the surface photovoltage. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. CINVESTAVUAQ,LAB INVEST MAT,QUERETARO 76010,MEXICO. UAQ,CINVESTAV,LAB INVEST MAT,QUERETARO 76010,MEXICO. CTR INVEST DESARROLLO ARMADA,E-28033 MADRID,SPAIN. RP HerreraGomez, A (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD ELECTR LABS,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. RI Vergara Ogando, German/B-9706-2015 OI Vergara Ogando, German/0000-0002-9406-1335 NR 5 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 79 IS 9 BP 7318 EP 7323 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA UJ084 UT WOS:A1996UJ08400095 ER PT J AU Shafarman, WN Klenk, R McCandless, BE AF Shafarman, WN Klenk, R McCandless, BE TI Device and material characterization of Cu(InGa)Se-2 solar cells with increasing band gap SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CUINSE2 AB Thin-film solar cells have been fabricated from Cu(InGa)Se-2 films which were deposited by four-source elemental evaporation with [Ga]/([In]+[Ga]) from 0.27 to 0.69 corresponding to a band gap from 1.16 to 1.45 eV. The films were intentionally deposited with no grading of the Ga and In to avoid gradients in their electrical and optical properties. X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy show that the films have uniform composition with no change in structure and morphology. Glass/Mo/Cu(InGa)Se-2/CdS/ZnO devices have open-circuit voltage increasing over the entire band gap range to 788 mV and 15% total area efficiency for band gap less than 1.3 eV, or [Ga]/([In]+[Ga]) less than 0.5. A decrease in device efficiency with higher Ga content is caused primarily by a lower fill. factor, Analysis of current-voltage and quantum efficiency measurements show that this results from a voltage-dependent current collection. RP Shafarman, WN (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,US DOE,UNIV CTR EXCELLENCE PHOTOVOLT RES & EDUC,NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,NEWARK,DE 19716, USA. NR 14 TC 195 Z9 200 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 79 IS 9 BP 7324 EP 7328 DI 10.1063/1.361431 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA UJ084 UT WOS:A1996UJ08400096 ER PT J AU Baryshnikov, G Hoffecker, JF Burgess, RL AF Baryshnikov, G Hoffecker, JF Burgess, RL TI Palaeontology and zooarchaeology of Mezmaiskaya Cave (northwestern Caucasus, Russia) SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE faunal analysis; Mousterian; European Russia; human palaeoecology ID SITE AB Over 6000 large mammal and numerous small vertebrate remains have been recovered from preliminary excavations at Mezmaiskaya Cave, situated at 1300-1350 m above sea level in the northwestern foothills of the Caucasus Mountains. Most remains were recovered from layers containing Mousterian artefacts that dale to the late Middle Pleniglacial (35,000 BP and older). The faunal assemblage reflects a very low degree of weathering, and many bones exhibit traces of stone tool cuts and carnivore modification. Steppe bison (Biron priscus), Caucasian goat (Capra caucasica), and Asiatic mouflon (Ovis orientalis) are the most common large mammals. The remains of reindeer (Rungifer tarandus) were encountered for the first time in the Caucasus. Although most of the smaller vertebrate remains appear to have been accumulated by nonhuman biotic processes (e.g. owl predation), the majority of the ungulate remains probably represent animals hunted by the Mousterian occupants of the cave. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Baryshnikov, G (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST ZOOL,ST PETERSBURG 199034,RUSSIA. NR 66 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 23 IS 3 BP 313 EP 335 DI 10.1006/jasc.1996.0030 PG 23 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA UM305 UT WOS:A1996UM30500001 ER PT J AU Xun, LY AF Xun, LY TI Purification and characterization of chlorophenol 4-monooxygenase from Burkholderia cepacia AC1100 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLAVOBACTERIUM PENTACHLOROPHENOL HYDROXYLASE; PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA; 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; BIODEGRADATION; EXPRESSION; CLONING AB Burkholderia (formerly Pseudomonas) cepacia AC1100 mineralizes the herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4,5-T), and the first intermediate of 2,4,5-T degradation is 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. Chlorophenol 4-monooxygenase activity responsible for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol degradation was detected in the cell extract. The enzyme consisted of two components separated during purification, and both were purified to more than 95% homogeneity, The reconstituted enzyme catalyzed the hydroxylation of several tested chlorophenols,vith the coconsumption of NADH and oxygen. In addition to chlorophenols, the enzyme also hydroxylated some chloro-p-hydroquinones with the coconsumption of NADH and oxygen. Apparently, the single enzyme was responsible for converting 2,4,5-trichlorophenol to 2,5-dichloro-p-hydroquinone and then to 5-chlorohydroxyquinol (5-chloro-1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene). Component A had a molecular weight of 22,000 and contained flavin adenine dinucleotide. Component A alone catalyzed NADH-dependent cytochrome c reduction, indicating that it had reductase activity. Component B had a molecular weight of 58,000, and no catalytic activity has yet been shown by itself. C1 PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,ENVIRONM MICROBIOL GRP,RICHLAND,WA 99352. RP Xun, LY (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV TRICITIES,DEPT MICROBIOL,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 25 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 178 IS 9 BP 2645 EP 2649 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA UJ122 UT WOS:A1996UJ12200023 PM 8626333 ER PT J AU He, XY Dembo, M AF He, XY Dembo, M TI Numerical simulation of oil-droplet cleavage by surfactant SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL-CELLS; DEFORMATION; CYTOKINESIS; MECHANISM; FORCES AB We present numerical computations of the deformation of an oil-droplet under the influence of a surface tension gradient generated by the surfactant released at the poles (the Greenspan experiment). We find this deformation to be very small under the pure surface tension gradient. To explain the large deformation of oil droplets observed in Greenspan's experiments, we propose the existence of a phoretic force generated by the concentration gradient of the surfactant. We show that this hypothesis successfully explains the available experimental data and we propose some further rests. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RI Dembo, Micah/C-2755-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI21002] NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0148-0731 J9 J BIOMECH ENG-T ASME JI J. Biomech. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 1996 VL 118 IS 2 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1115/1.2795960 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA UM408 UT WOS:A1996UM40800009 PM 8738785 ER PT J AU Kubinec, MG Culf, AS Cho, H Lee, DC Burkham, J Morimoto, H Williams, PG Wemmer, DE AF Kubinec, MG Culf, AS Cho, H Lee, DC Burkham, J Morimoto, H Williams, PG Wemmer, DE TI Applications of tritium NMR to macromolecules: A study of two nucleic acid molecules SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR LA English DT Article DE tritium NMR; N-15 labeling; DNA; bound water; hammerhead RNA; demagnetization field effect; heteronuclear NMR ID TOBACCO RINGSPOT VIRUS; CHIRAL-METHYL VALINE; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; DNA DODECAMER; SPECTROSCOPY; WATER; RNA; PROTON; HYDRATION AB We have tritium labeled two nucleic acid molecules, an 8 kDa DNA oligomer and a 20 kDa 'hammerhead' RNA for tritium NMR investigations. The DNA sequence studied has been previously used in homonuclear studies of DNA-bound water molecules and tritium NMR was expected to facilitate these investigations by eliminating the need to suppress the water resonance in tritium-detected H-3-H-1 NOESY experiments. We observed the anticipated through-space interactions found in B-form DNA in the NOESY experiments and an unexpected 'antiphase' cross-peak at the water frequency. T-1 measurements on the tritiated DNA molecule indicated that relaxation rates were also accelerated for tritium and protons. Tritium NMR spectra of the hammerhead RNA molecule indicated conformational dynamics in the conserved region of the molecule in the absence of Mg2+ and spermine, two components necessary for cleavage. The dynamics were also investigated by N-15-correlated H-1 spectroscopy and persisted after the addition of Mg2+ and spermine. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,NATL TRITIUM LABELLING FACIL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,STRUCT BIOL DIV,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT CHEM,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. UNIV MICHIGAN,COLL PHARM,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR01237] NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESCOM SCI PUBL BV PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 214, 2300 AE LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2738 J9 J BIOMOL NMR JI J. Biomol. NMR PD MAY PY 1996 VL 7 IS 3 BP 236 EP 246 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy GA UT862 UT WOS:A1996UT86200006 PM 8785499 ER PT J AU Bonivardi, AL Ribeiro, FH Somorjai, GA AF Bonivardi, AL Ribeiro, FH Somorjai, GA TI Turnover rate enhancement of reforming reactions on polycrystalline Pt-Ir foils SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article ID AUGER-ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; TRANSITION-METAL ALLOYS; BIMETALLIC CATALYSTS; PLATINUM; HYDROGENOLYSIS; HYDROCARBONS; SULFUR; ISOMERIZATION; SEGREGATION AB The reactions of n-hexane over bimetallic Pt-It polycrystalline foils were studied at 720 K, H-2/n-hexane = 67, and a total pressure of 0.9 MPa. The addition of Ir to Pt increases the hydrogenolysis turnover rate by up to two orders of magnitude and decreases the dehydrogenation turnover rate to l-hexene by up to one order of magnitude. The rates of isomerization to 2- and 3-methylpentane and cyclization to methylcyclopentane show a volcano-type correlation when plotted against the surface Ir composition. The maximum rate occurs at a surface composition of Pt2Ir and the rate is about three times higher than the rate for;pure Pt. Addition of sulfur to the surface decreases the rates for isomerization, cyclization, and especially the rate for hydrogenolysis, resulting in a substantial decrease in the initial selectivity for hydrogenolysis. However, sulfur addition increases the dehydrogenation rates for the monometallic and bimetallic surfaces. It is observed that Pt-Ir shows a surface chemistry for the reactions of n-hexane similar to the surface chemistry of Pt when the bimetallic surface is sulfided. The turnover rates, however, are higher for Pt2Ir than for Pt in the presence and absence of sulfur. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,DIV SCI MAT,CTR ADV MAT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. OI Ribeiro, Fabio/0000-0001-7752-461X NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 160 IS 2 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1006/jcat.1996.0145 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA UT264 UT WOS:A1996UT26400014 ER PT J AU Clegg, SL Milioto, S Palmer, DA AF Clegg, SL Milioto, S Palmer, DA TI Osmotic and activity coefficients of aqueous (NH4)(2)SO4 as a function of temperature, and aqueous (NH4)2SO(4)-H2SO4 mixtures at 298.15 K and 323.15 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID GAS-AEROSOL EQUILIBRIUM; SULFATE-SOLUTIONS; AMMONIUM-SULFATE; MULTICOMPONENT; SYSTEM; ACID; THERMODYNAMICS; ELECTROLYTES; WATER AB Osmotic coefficients of (NH4)(2)SO4(aq), and aqueous (NH4)(2)SO4-H2SO4 mixtures at 298.15 K and 323.15 K, and H2SO4(aq) at 323.15 K have been determined by an isopiestic method. Using the Fitter molality-based thermodynamic model, the measurements are combined with other literature data to obtain osmotic and activity coefficients of, first, (NH4)(2)SO4(aq) from <273 K to similar to 373 K and, second, aqueous (NH4)(2)SO4-H2SO4 over the entire composition range at 298.15 K. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Clegg, SL (reprint author), UNIV E ANGLIA,SCH ENVIRONM SCI,NORWICH NR4 7TJ,NORFOLK,ENGLAND. RI Milioto, Stefana/A-3309-2014 NR 50 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 41 IS 3 BP 455 EP 467 DI 10.1021/je950289d PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA UL086 UT WOS:A1996UL08600022 ER PT J AU Kim, WH Reinot, T Hayes, JM Small, GJ AF Kim, WH Reinot, T Hayes, JM Small, GJ TI Nonphotochemical hole burning in hyperquenched glassy films of water: A pronounced deuteration effect SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOW-FREQUENCY; TEMPERATURE AB The effects of deuteration on hole burning of aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (APT) in glassy films of water is reported. Deuteration has no effect on the zero phonon hole width of the APT electronic transition, but a large effect on the hole burning kinetics. These effects are discussed in terms of the two level systems of glassy water. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Kim, WH (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 104 IS 17 BP 6415 EP 6417 DI 10.1063/1.471360 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA UG680 UT WOS:A1996UG68000001 ER PT J AU Pitzer, KS AF Pitzer, KS TI Sodium chloride vapor at very high temperatures: Linear polymers are important SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATION; DIMERS; STATE AB At temperatures above 1500 K, the measured vapor pressure of sodium chloride at saturation exceeds that calculated for the sum of the NaCl monomer and the Na2Cl2 ring (rhombic) dimer. The difference is primarily a dimer together with higher polymers of linear or chain structure. This dimer has much higher entropy and enthalpy than the ring dimer. Approximate values are reported for the thermodynamic properties and for structure calculations using a potential function that is based on the spectra of the monomer and was adopted previously for the ring dimer. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Pitzer, KS (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 104 IS 17 BP 6724 EP 6729 DI 10.1063/1.471389 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA UG680 UT WOS:A1996UG68000034 ER PT J AU Chang, TM Dang, LX AF Chang, TM Dang, LX TI Molecular dynamics simulations of CCl4-H2O liquid-liquid interface with polarizable potential models SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; 2ND HARMONIC-GENERATION; WATER INTERFACE; VAPOR INTERFACE; ORIENTATION AB The results from molecular dynamics simulations of the equilibrium properties of the CCl4-H2O liquid-liquid interface at room temperature are presented. The interactions between H2O-H2O, H2O-CCl4, and CCl4-CCl4 are described using the polarizable potential models developed in our laboratory. To our knowledge, this work is the first molecular dynamics simulations of the liquid-liquid interfacial equilibrium properties that explicitly includes nonadditive polarization effects. Molecular dynamics results of a 300 ps simulation following an extensive equilibration process indicate that the liquid interface is very stable, the density profile of H2O is very smooth, while that of CCl4 exhibits some oscillations. It is found that locally there is a sharp transition from one liquid phase to the other, but the overall interface is broadened by thermal fluctuations as indicated by the liquid density profiles. Calculated radial distribution functions suggest that the local structures of CCl4 and H2O remain unchanged from the bulk liquid to the interface. However, the interface does induce orientational order of H2O and CCl4 molecules. To study the polarization effects on the liquid-liquid interfacial equilibrium properties, we have calculated the total and induced dipole moments of H2O and CCl4 molecules as a function of the distance normal to the interface. The calculated dipole moments of the water molecules near the interface are close to their gas phase values, while water molecules far from the interface have dipole moments corresponding to the bulk values. This behavior can be attributed to the changes of the hydrogen bonding patterns and the orientation of water molecules near the interface. The induced dipole moments of the CCl4 molecules near the interface, on the other hand, are significantly enhanced. This is due in part to the strong local field induced by the water molecules at the interface. The calculated electric potentials using the dipole moment approach help us to analyze the orientations of water and CCl4 molecules at the interface. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. RP Chang, TM (reprint author), PACIFIC NW NATL LAB, ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 36 TC 155 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 104 IS 17 BP 6772 EP 6783 DI 10.1063/1.471344 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA UG680 UT WOS:A1996UG68000038 ER PT J AU OHare, PAG Zywocinski, A Curtiss, LA AF OHare, PAG Zywocinski, A Curtiss, LA TI Thermodynamics of (germanium plus selenium): A review and critical assessment SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Review ID STANDARD MOLAR ENTHALPIES; DISSOCIATION ENTHALPIES; KNUDSEN MEASUREMENTS; GESE2; SE; SUBLIMATION; CALORIMETRY; ENERGIES; HEAT; CRYSTALLINE AB This review deals with the critical assessment of the thermodynamic properties of several germanium selenides: GeSe(cr), GeSe(g), GeSe2(cr), GeSe2(g), and Ge2Se2(g). In the absence of experimental information, the structures, internuclear distances, and vibrational wavenumbers were calculated for GeSe2(g) and Ge2Se2(g) by molecular orbital methods. The triatomic GeSue(2)(g) is linear. The tetratomic selenide has a butterfly-shaped structure, with alternating Ge and Se atoms, akin to Ge2S2(g), but the interplanar angle, close to 0.78 .pi, is smaller than in the sulfur-containing analog. Statistical mechanical methods were used to calculate the conventional molar thermodynamic functions {C(pm)degrees(T), Delta(0)(T)S(m) degrees, Delta(T)(T) H-m degrees, and Phi(m) degrees(T)} of GeSe, GeSe2, and Ge2Se2 in the ideal gas state at a pressure p degrees = 101.325 kPa with T' = 298.15 K. Heat capacities of solid GeSe and GeSe2 reported in the literature were re-evaluated from T --> 0 to the melting temperatures. The enthalpy of sublimation Delta(sub)H(m) degrees(GeSe,298.15 K) is selected as (172.7 +/- 1.0) kJ . mol(-1) on the basis of a third-law evaluation of published vapor pressure measurements. A similar treatment yielded Delta(r)H(m) degrees(298.15 K) = (295.8 +/- 1.0) kJ . mol(-1) for the reaction: GeSe2(cr) = GeSe(g) + (1/2)Se-2(g). For dissociation of Ge-Se bonds, enthalpies D-m degrees, and mean enthalpies [D-m degrees], were calculated to be: D-m degrees(GeSe) = (480.6 +/- 1.7) kJ . mol(-1) at T --> 0; [D-m degrees](GeSe2) = (364 +/- 9) kJ . mol(-1), and [D-m degrees](Ge2Se2) = (270 +/- 2) kJ . mol(-1), both at T = 298.15 K. The trend in values of enthalpies of dissociation parallels the nominal bond orders. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited C1 POLISH ACAD SCI,INST PHYS CHEM,WARSAW,POLAND. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP OHare, PAG (reprint author), NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 28 IS 5 BP 459 EP 480 DI 10.1006/jcht.1996.0045 PG 22 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA UV377 UT WOS:A1996UV37700001 ER PT J AU Seitz, JC Blencoe, JG Bodnar, RJ AF Seitz, JC Blencoe, JG Bodnar, RJ TI Volumetric properties for {(1-x)CO2+xCH(4)}, {(1-x)CO2+xN(2)} and {(1-x)CH4+xN(2)} at the pressures (9.94, 19.94, 29.94, 39.94, 59.93, 79.93, and 99.93) MPa and temperatures (323.15, 373.15, 473.15, and 573.15) K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; METHANE; MIXTURES; NITROGEN; P,V,T AB Densities rho of pure CO2, CH4, and {(1-x)CO2 + xCH(4)}, {(1-x)CO2+ xN(2)}, and {(1 - x)CH4 + xN(2)} were measured at the pressures (9.94, 19.94, 29.94, 39.94, 59.93, 79.93, and 99.93) MPa and temperatures (323.15, 373.15, 473.15, and 573.15) K. For each binary system, results were obtained at intervals of 0.1 . from mole fraction x = 0 to x = 1. The results were obtained with a custom-designed, high-pressure, high-temperature vibrating-tube densimeter. Excess molar volumes V-m(E) were calculated from the densities for the end members and mixtures. V-m(E) is generally positive, although negative values of V-m(E) were observed for some CO2-bearing mixtures. V-m(E) is typically less than +/- 4 per cent of the total volume of the mixture. A dramatic increase in V-m(E) is observed for CO2-containing mixtures as (p, T) conditions approach those of the critical point for CO2. The values of V-m(E) are accurately represented by two-parameter Margules equations. Our results are in good agreement with those obtained by previous investigators. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP Seitz, JC (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,POB 2008,BLDG 4500S,MS 6110,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Bodnar, Robert/A-1916-2009 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 28 IS 5 BP 521 EP 538 DI 10.1006/jcht.1996.0049 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA UV377 UT WOS:A1996UV37700005 ER PT J AU Seitz, JC Blencoe, JG Bodnar, RJ AF Seitz, JC Blencoe, JG Bodnar, RJ TI Volumetric properties for {x(1)CO(2)+x(2)CH(4)+(1-x(1)-x(2))N-2} at the pressures (19.94, 39.94, 59.93, and 99.93) MPa and temperatures (323.15, 373.15, 473.15, and 573.15) K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTING THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TERNARY-SYSTEMS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHASE-DIAGRAMS; METHANE; MIXTURES; NITROGEN; MODELS; P,V,T AB The densities for {x(1)CO(2) + x(2)CH(4) + (1-x(1)-x(2))N-2} were measured at the pressures (19.94, 39.94, 59.93, 99.93) MPa and temperatures (323.15, 373.15, 473.15, 573.15) K using a custom-designed, high-pressure, high-temperature vibrating-tube densimeter. Excess molar volumes V-m(E) were calculated from the experimental results. Although V-m(E) is generally positive, negative deviations are observed in ternary mixtures with compositions close to those of binary mixtures that exhibit negative deviations. V-m(E) generally decreases as pressure increases from 20 MPa to 100 MPa. V-m(E) is typically less than +/- 4 per cent of the total volume of the mixture. V-m(E) increases substantially as (p, T) conditions approach the critical point of CO2. Predictions of V-m(E) for ternary mixtures may be made from experimental results for the binary subsystems. Comparisons with experimental results indicate that these methods are reasonably accurate for estimating the volumetric properties of ternary gas mixtures. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP Seitz, JC (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,POB 2008,BLDG 4500S,MS 6110,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Bodnar, Robert/A-1916-2009 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 28 IS 5 BP 539 EP 550 DI 10.1006/jcht.1996.0050 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA UV377 UT WOS:A1996UV37700006 ER PT J AU Wang, GJ Volkow, ND Levy, AV Fowler, JS Logan, J Alexoff, D Hitzemann, RJ Schyler, DJ AF Wang, GJ Volkow, ND Levy, AV Fowler, JS Logan, J Alexoff, D Hitzemann, RJ Schyler, DJ TI MR-PET image coregistration for quantitation of striatal dopamine D-2 receptors SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE dopamine; image registration; magnetic resonance imaging; emission computed tomography; brain, anatomy; maps and mapping ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS; C-11 RACLOPRIDE; HUMAN BRAIN; BINDING; ATROPHY; ABUSE; AGE AB Purpose: Our goal was to assess the utility of MR-PET image coregistration to quantify dopamine D-2 receptors in striatum. Method: Twenty-nine normal subjects were investigated with PET and [C-11]raclopride and with MRI. D-2 receptors were quantified using the ratio of the distribution volume in striatum to that in cerebellum. Measures obtained using regions selected directly from the PET images were compared with those obtained from MR images and then projected to coregistered PET images, Results: There were no differences between measures selected from the PET images (3.9 +/- 0.5) and those from the MR images (3.9 +/- 0.65), The values for these two measures were significantly correlated and corresponded to r = 0.9, p < 0.0001. Conclusion: Regions of interest selected directly from PET images, where there is a large contrast between the region of interest and background, as for the case of dopamine D-2 ligands, are almost identical to those obtained from coregistered MR images. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT RADIOL,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT PSYCHIAT,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP Wang, GJ (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [5 ROI-DA 06891-02] NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0363-8715 J9 J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO JI J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 20 IS 3 BP 423 EP 428 DI 10.1097/00004728-199605000-00020 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UK882 UT WOS:A1996UK88200020 PM 8626905 ER PT J AU Kisker, DW Stephenson, GB Tersoff, J Fuoss, PH Brennan, S AF Kisker, DW Stephenson, GB Tersoff, J Fuoss, PH Brennan, S TI Atomic scale studies of epitaxial growth processes using X-ray techniques SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US/Japan Joint Seminar on Atomic Scale Mechanisms of Epitaxial Growth CY MAY 10-12, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Natl Sci Fnd, Japan Soc Promot Sci ID SURFACE; SCATTERING; GAAS AB In this work we have applied grazing incidence X-ray scattering to the study of nucleation and growth of GaAs by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. Using the sensitivity of scattering at the 110 crystal truncation rod (CTR) position to the smoothness of the surface, we are able to monitor the crossover from layer-by-layer to step-flow growth. More detailed information about the nucleation process was determined by using diffuse scattering near the CTR position to measure the spacing of two-dimensional islands during growth as a function of flux and deposition temperature. Application of standard nucleation theory to the analysis of this data suggests that the critical island size during OMVPE growth is likely to be much larger than a single adatom, in contrast with what is usually assumed for semiconductor systems. C1 AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP Kisker, DW (reprint author), IBM CORP,DIV RES,THOMAS J WATSON RES CTR,YORKTOWN HTS,NY 10598, USA. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 1996 VL 163 IS 1-2 BP 54 EP 59 DI 10.1016/0022-0248(95)01049-1 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA UQ846 UT WOS:A1996UQ84600008 ER PT J AU Kamiya, I Mantese, L Aspnes, DE Kisker, DW Fuoss, PH Stephenson, GB Brennan, S AF Kamiya, I Mantese, L Aspnes, DE Kisker, DW Fuoss, PH Stephenson, GB Brennan, S TI Optical characterization of surfaces during epitaxial growth using RDS and GIXS SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US/Japan Joint Seminar on Atomic Scale Mechanisms of Epitaxial Growth CY MAY 10-12, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Natl Sci Fnd, Japan Soc Promot Sci ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; REFLECTANCE-DIFFERENCE SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; 001 GAAS-SURFACES; VICINAL GAAS(001); PHASE EPITAXY; MBE GROWTH; RECONSTRUCTIONS; OSCILLATIONS AB Structures of (001)GaAs surfaces during organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) have been studied by simultaneous measurements using reflectance difference spectroscopy (RDS) and grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS). The data obtained by the two techniques are strongly correlated. We find that RDS, although not a diffraction probe, can distinguish most surface reconstructions of (001)GaAs. The information obtained by these two probes is complementary, so by combining RDS and GIXS data obtained from surfaces under static and dynamic conditions we can gain detailed information about atomic arrangements and growth mechanisms. Under static conditions, we find that RD spectra under OMVPE conditions are similar to those previously observed in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). By simultaneously monitoring the surface reconstructions using GIXS and RDS, we have established that RDS accurately reflects the local structural configurations but is not uniquely sensitive to changes in long range order or subtle differences in symmetry. Growth oscillations were also measured simultaneously by RDS and GIXS under various conditions. The observed oscillation periods agree with each other, but the details are condition dependent, thus providing important clues concerning the surface processes involved. For example, the one-to-one correlation observed between RDS and GIXS oscillations suggests that the RDS oscillations are related to island formation. C1 UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI & TECHNOL,RES DEV CORP JAPAN,LONDON SW7 2BZ,ENGLAND. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. IBM CORP,THOMAS J WATSON RES CTR,YORKTOWN HTS,NY 10598. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,STANFORD,CA 94309. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 1996 VL 163 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.1016/0022-0248(95)01051-3 PG 11 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA UQ846 UT WOS:A1996UQ84600010 ER PT J AU Zhang, SB Zunger, A AF Zhang, SB Zunger, A TI Predicted structures and stabilities of the surface A grooves and double bilayer height steps on the GaAs(001)-2x4 surface SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US/Japan Joint Seminar on Atomic Scale Mechanisms of Epitaxial Growth CY MAY 10-12, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Natl Sci Fnd, Japan Soc Promot Sci ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ENERGETICS; GAAS; GAAS(100)-(2X4) AB ''A-type'' surface steps on GaAs(001) have edges parallel to the direction of the As-As dimers. We identify here two series of A step structures on this surface: the ''groove structures'' and the ''double bilayer height steps''. Both can be thought as being obtained by cleaving the flat 2 x 4 surfaces into two bilayer height step segments and reassembling these segments into step structures. The relative stabilities of these two step structures and their stabilities with respect to other low energy A step structures are examined using our newly developed method of ''linear combination of structural motifs''. We find that (i) for a given separation S (in units of surface atomic spacing a(s)) between the two step segments the grooves are more stable than the double bilayer steps; (ii) the S = 1 A groove is predicted to be the most stable A groove structure, whereas (iii) the S = O double A step is predicted to be the most stable A step structure over a wide range of the Ga chemical potential. RP Zhang, SB (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 1996 VL 163 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1016/0022-0248(95)01053-X PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA UQ846 UT WOS:A1996UQ84600016 ER PT J AU Jones, DA Titi, ES AF Jones, DA Titi, ES TI C-1 approximations of inertial manifolds for dissipative nonlinear equations SO JOURNAL OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; KURAMOTO-SIVASHINSKY EQUATION; GALERKIN METHODS; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; SMOOTHNESS; ATTRACTORS; CONSTRUCTION; COMPUTATIONS; CONVERGENCE; DIMENSION AB In this paper we study a class of nonlinear dissipative partial differential equations that have inertial manifolds. This means that the long-time behavior is equivalent to a certain finite system of ordinary differential equations. We investigate ways in which these finite systems can be approximated in the C-1 sense. Geometrically this may be interpreted as constructing manifolds in phase space that are C-1 close to the inertial manifold of the partial differential equation. Under such approximations the invariant hyperbolic sets of the global attractor persist. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE, DEPT MATH, IRVINE, CA 92717 USA. UNIV CALIF IRVINE, DEPT MECH & AEROSP ENGN, IRVINE, CA 92717 USA. RP Jones, DA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, IGPP, POB 1663, MAIL STOP C305, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87544 USA. NR 58 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-0396 J9 J DIFFER EQUATIONS JI J. Differ. Equ. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 127 IS 1 BP 54 EP 86 DI 10.1006/jdeq.1996.0061 PG 33 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA UL062 UT WOS:A1996UL06200003 ER PT J AU Huff, WRA Chen, Y Kellar, SA Moler, EJ Wu, H Hussain, Z Shirley, DA AF Huff, WRA Chen, Y Kellar, SA Moler, EJ Wu, H Hussain, Z Shirley, DA TI Angle-resolved photoemission extended fine structure: Multiple layers of emitters and multiple initial states SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV AB Recently, angle-resolved photoemission extended fine structure (ARPEFS) has been applied to experimental systems involving multiple layers of emitters and non-s core-level photoemission in an effort to broaden the utility of the technique. Most of the previous systems have been comprised of atomic or molecular overlayers adsorbed onto a single-crystal, metal surface and the photoemission data were taken from an s atomic core-level in the overlayer. For such a system, the acquired ARPEFS data is dominated by the p(0) final state wave backscattering from the substrate atoms and is well understood. In this study, we investigate ARPEFS as a surface-region structure determination technique when applied to experimental systems comprised of multiple layers of photoemitters and arbitrary initial state core-level photoemission. Understanding the data acquired from multiple layers of photoemitters is useful for studying multilayer interfaces, ''buried'' surfaces, and clean crystals in ultra-high vacuum. The ability to apply ARPEFS to arbitrary initial state core-level photoemission obviously opens up many systems to analysis. Efforts have been ongoing to understand such data in depth. We present clean Cu(111) 3s, 3p, and 3d core-level, normal photoemission data taken on a high resolution soft x-ray beamline 9.3.2 at the Advanced Light Source in Berkeley, California and clean Ni(111) 3p normal photoemission data taken at the National Synchrotron Light Source in Upton, New York, USA. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM & PHYS,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Huff, WRA (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 80 BP 41 EP 44 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(96)02918-0 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA VA962 UT WOS:A1996VA96200011 ER PT J AU Frigo, SP Simons, JK Rosenberg, RA AF Frigo, SP Simons, JK Rosenberg, RA TI Site-specific, synchrotron radiation induced surface photochemistry SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV AB This paper discusses recent research directed at understanding the nature of surface photochemistry driven by soft x-ray synchrotron radiation (SR). The research is motivated by the potential of x-rays for both high spatial resolution and site specificity. Although a number of systems indicate the potential for site specificity, we chose to study the system of SiF4/Ge because the adsorbate's photoabsorption spectrum is rich in structure near the Si 2p threshold (106 eV) while that of the substrate is structureless. This allows us to differentiate substrate-induced effects from those of the adsorbate. By performing time-dependent measurements of the changes induced in the photoemission spectra by SR, we have found that this system's photochemistry is site-specific in the Si 2p region and have also determined the nature of the products produced by the reaction. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR SYNCHROTRON RADIAT,STOUGHTON,WI 53589. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT CHEM,STOUGHTON,WI 53589. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ADV PHOTON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Frigo, SP (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PHYS,3731 SCHNEIDER DR,STOUGHTON,WI 53589, USA. RI Rosenberg, Richard/K-3442-2012 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 80 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(96)02921-0 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA VA962 UT WOS:A1996VA96200014 ER PT J AU Sutherland, DGJ Akatsu, H Copel, M Himpsel, FJ Callcott, T Carlisle, JA Ederer, D Jia, JJ Jimenez, I Perera, R Shuh, DK Terminello, LJ Tong, WM AF Sutherland, DGJ Akatsu, H Copel, M Himpsel, FJ Callcott, T Carlisle, JA Ederer, D Jia, JJ Jimenez, I Perera, R Shuh, DK Terminello, LJ Tong, WM TI Stoichiometry reversal and depth-profiling in the growth of thin oxynitride films with N2O on Si(100) surfaces. SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV ID PURE N2O; THERMAL-OXIDATION; GATE DIELECTRICS; SILICON DIOXIDE; NITRIDED OXIDES; SI; NITROGEN; SIO2-FILMS; KINETICS AB Synchrotron based O 1s and N 1s photoabsorption spectroscopy have been used to determine the composition and thickness of oxynitride films grown in N2O on a Si(100) surface. Core-level photoabsorption spectroscopy is shown to be a very sensitive probe capable of measuring surface coverages lower than 0.1 monolayers of N (6.5x10(13) N atoms/cm(2)). Film composition was monitored as a function of growth to demonstrate the stoichiometry reversal from primarily N terminated surfaces in thin films to nearly pure SiO2 in films thicker than similar to 20 Angstrom. A sample with a 60 Angstrom oxynitride film was depth-profiled by etching in HF and was shown, via N 1s absorption spectroscopy, to have N segregation within 10 Angstrom above the Si/SiO2 interface. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. TULANE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. RP Sutherland, DGJ (reprint author), IBM CORP,THOMAS J WATSON RES CTR,POB 218,YORKTOWN HTS,NY 10598, USA. RI Jimenez, Ignacio/F-7422-2010; Tong, William/D-2564-2010; OI Jimenez, Ignacio/0000-0001-5605-3185; Copel, Matt/0000-0002-7729-2748 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 80 BP 133 EP 136 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(96)02940-4 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA VA962 UT WOS:A1996VA96200033 ER PT J AU VanHove, MA Kaduwela, AP Xiao, H Schattke, W Fadley, CS AF VanHove, MA Kaduwela, AP Xiao, H Schattke, W Fadley, CS TI Application of photoelectron diffraction theory to circular dichroism and spin-polarized photoelectron emission SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV ID CORE-LEVEL PHOTOEMISSION; DEPENDENCE; ELECTRONS AB We have developed theoretical methods for calculating the circular dichroism (CD), spin polarization (SP), magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), and magnetic linear dichroism (MLD) in core-level photoemission with circularly-polarized and linearly-polarized light. The formalism generalizes our previous computer codes for a fully-converged multiple-scattering treatment of photoelectron diffraction. The results of these new calculations are compared to experimental data from various groups for several illustrative cases: CD in photoemission from ''non-chiral'' surfaces [CO on Pd(111), and Si(001)]; SP photoemission from non-magnetic and magnetic atoms and surfaces [Xe, W(110), and Fe(110)], and MCD from Fe(110). We discuss the conditions that give rise to circular dichroism in the absence of structural chirality or magnetism. We also emphasize the strong interplay between non-magnetic CD and magnetic CD, as well as the highly anisotropic behavior of SP emission and its importance in SP photoelectron diffraction studies of magnetic order. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PHYS,DAVIS,CA 95616. CHRISTIAN ALBRECHTS UNIV KIEL,INST THEORET PHYS,PHYS ZENTRUM,D-24118 KIEL,GERMANY. RP VanHove, MA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Van Hove, Michel/A-9862-2008; OI Van Hove, Michel/0000-0002-8898-6921; Kaduwela, Ajith/0000-0002-7236-2698 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 80 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(96)02941-6 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA VA962 UT WOS:A1996VA96200034 ER PT J AU Stutman, D Hwang, YS Ono, M Finkenthal, M Moos, HW AF Stutman, D Hwang, YS Ono, M Finkenthal, M Moos, HW TI Spectroscopic diagnostics on low aspect-ratio tokamaks SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV AB Low aspect-ratio tokamaks (LARTs) have intrinsic features which require specific diagnostics for particle transport and confinement studies. Such spectroscopic diagnostics are developed in collaboration between the CDX-U group at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and the Plasma Spectroscopy group at Johns Hopkins University. This paper presents results obtained from the low aspect-ratio CDX-U tokamak, as well as future diagnostic developments for CDX-U and other LARTs. These results are based on spectroscopy in the VUV (500 Angstrom - 2000 Angstrom) using a multiple grating normal incidence spectrometer equipped with an optical multichannel analyzer, and in the XUV range on emission recorded using multilayer minor devices. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP Stutman, D (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PLASMA PHYS LAB,POB 451,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. RI Hwang, Yong-Seok/D-8347-2012; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 80 BP 249 EP 254 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(96)02968-4 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA VA962 UT WOS:A1996VA96200061 ER PT J AU Fournier, KB Goldstein, WH Finkenthal, M Bell, RE Terry, JL AF Fournier, KB Goldstein, WH Finkenthal, M Bell, RE Terry, JL TI Isoelectronic behavior of resonant and intercombination lines in MgI-like ions SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV ID COMPLEX SPECTRA; FE-XV; IONIZATION; ATOMS; IRON AB The observed intensity ratio of the 3s(2) S-1(0) - 3s3p P-1(1) to the 3s(2 1)S(0) - 3s3p P-3(1) transitions in MgI-like ions has always presented those who model plasma spectra with a challenge; the observed intensity of the intercombination line is always several times greater than what simple models predict. We offer a model that takes into account the contribution to the MgI-like emission features from autoionizing levels of the adjacent All-like charge state. Models in the present work give good agreement with the observed resonant/intercombination (R/I) emission ratio only when a departure from ionization equilibrium is assumed. We also identify, for the first time, intercombination lines of the form 3s3p P-1(1) - 3p(2) P-3(2) in several elements relevant to both astrophysical and magnetically-confine fusion plasmas. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. PRINCETON UNIV,PLASMA PHYS LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. MIT,CTR PLASMA FUSION,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,RACAH INST PHYS,IL-91904 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. RP Fournier, KB (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,L41,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 80 BP 283 EP 286 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(96)02976-3 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA VA962 UT WOS:A1996VA96200069 ER PT J AU Koike, M Namioka, T AF Koike, M Namioka, T TI Optimization and evaluation of varied line spacing plane grating monochromators for third-generation synchrotron radiation sources SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV ID X-RAY MONOCHROMATOR; UNDULATOR RADIATION; DESIGN; SPECTROSCOPY; POWER AB Grazing incidence objective Monk-Gillieson type varied line spacing plane grating monochromators with a magnification of similar to 1/10 have been designed by means of the hybrid method that takes advantages of both the ray-tracing and analytic methods. The resolving power of two monochromators thus designed was assessed experimentally at a bending magnet of the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and found to be similar to 6000 and > 10000 both at 401 eV. These values were well agreed with those estimated by ray tracing that takes into account the slope errors of the optical components. The effect of the thermal deformation of the optical components on the resolving power was simulated. Also discussed are the versatility of the designed monochromators and an improved design with a wide wavelength scanning range of 0.5-10 nm. C1 OFF NAVAL RES,ASIAN OFF,MINATO KU,TOKYO 106,JAPAN. RP Koike, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,CTR XRAY OPT,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 80 BP 303 EP 308 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(96)02981-7 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA VA962 UT WOS:A1996VA96200074 ER PT J AU Moler, EJ Hussain, Z Duarte, RM Howells, MR AF Moler, EJ Hussain, Z Duarte, RM Howells, MR TI Design and performance of a soft x-ray interferometer for ultra-high resolution Fourier transform spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV AB A Fourier Transform Soft X-ray spectrometer (FT-SX) has been designed and is under construction for the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory as a branch of beamline 9.3.2. The spectrometer is a novel soft x-ray interferometer designed for ultra-high resolution (theoretical resolving power E/Delta E-10(6)) spectroscopy in the photon energy region of 60-120 eV. This instrument is expected to provide experimental results which sensitively test models of correlated electron processes in atomic and molecular physics. The design criteria and consequent technical challenges posed by the short wavelengths of x-rays and desired resolving power are discussed. The fundamental and practical aspects of soft x-ray interferometry are also explored. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Moler, EJ (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 80 BP 309 EP 312 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(96)02982-9 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA VA962 UT WOS:A1996VA96200075 ER PT J AU Gullikson, EM Korde, R Canfield, LR Vest, RE AF Gullikson, EM Korde, R Canfield, LR Vest, RE TI Stable silicon photodiodes for absolute intensity measurements in the VUV and soft x-ray regions SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV ID ULTRAVIOLET; SCATTERING; STABILITY AB Stable silicon photodiodes with 100% internal quantum efficiency have been developed for the vacuum ultraviolet and soft x-ray regions. It is demonstrated that the response of these detectors can be reasonably well represented by a simple model for photon energies above 40 eV. The measured efficiency is consistent with a constant electron-hole pair creation energy for Si above 40 eV. Radiation damage is demonstrated to result in loss of carriers to recombination at the front surface. The uniformity of the diodes is shown to be better than 0.1% RMS at 110 eV. C1 INT RADIAT DETECTORS, TORRANCE, CA 90505 USA. NIST, PHYS LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP Gullikson, EM (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DIV SCI MAT, CTR XRAY OPT, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 107 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 80 BP 313 EP 316 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(96)02983-0 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA VA962 UT WOS:A1996VA96200076 ER PT J AU Watanabe, N Aoki, S Shimanuki, Y Kawasaki, K Taniguchi, M Anderson, E Attwood, D Kern, D Shimizu, S Nagata, H Horikawa, Y Mochimaru, S Kihara, H AF Watanabe, N Aoki, S Shimanuki, Y Kawasaki, K Taniguchi, M Anderson, E Attwood, D Kern, D Shimizu, S Nagata, H Horikawa, Y Mochimaru, S Kihara, H TI Soft X-ray microscope with zone plate at UVSOR SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV AB A soft X-ray microscope with zone plates was set up at UVSOR [synchrotron radiation facility (750MeV, 200mA) at Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Japan]. A 50nm line & space pattern could be resolved at lambda=3.2nm. With an environmental chamber (wet cell) using SiN windows, wet biological specimens, such as letus protoplasts, rabbit myofibrils, tubulin of COS cell and Deinococcus radiodurans strains, could be observed at lambda=2.5nm. In the present microscope, the numerical aperture of the condenser was much smaller than that of the objective. To adjust both the numerical apertures, an ellipsoidal condenser mirror system was tested, and preliminary result (an image of Cu mesh, 12.7 mu m pitch) was obtained. C1 TSURUMI UNIV,DEPT ORAL ANAT,YOKOHAMA,KANAGAWA 230,JAPAN. NAGOYA UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NAGOYA,AICHI 464,JAPAN. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA. IBM CORP,RES CTR,YORKTOWN HTS,NY 10598. NIKON INC,TOKYO 140,JAPAN. OLYMPUS OPT CO LTD,HACHIOJI,TOKYO 192,JAPAN. KANSAI MED UNIV,PHYS LAB,HIRAKATA,OSAKA 573,JAPAN. RP Watanabe, N (reprint author), UNIV TSUKUBA,INST PHYS APPL,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 80 BP 365 EP 368 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(96)02993-3 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA VA962 UT WOS:A1996VA96200086 ER PT J AU Hussain, Z Huff, WRA Kellar, SA Moler, EJ Heimann, PA McKinney, W Padmore, HA Fadley, CS Shirley, DA AF Hussain, Z Huff, WRA Kellar, SA Moler, EJ Heimann, PA McKinney, W Padmore, HA Fadley, CS Shirley, DA TI High resolution soft x-ray bending magnet beamline 9.3.2 with circularly polarized radiation capability at the advanced light source SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV AB Bending magnet beamline 9.3.2 at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) was designed for high resolution spectroscopy in the soft x-ray energy region, covering a range from 30 eV to 1500 eV with three gratings. The monochromator itself is a standard fixed included angle 55 m spherical grating monochromator and was originally used at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) as a prototype for later insertion device based monochromators for the ALS. For operations at the ALS, the toroidal pre-mirror used at SSRL to vertically focus onto the entrance slit and horizontally focus onto the exit slit was replaced by two separate crossed mirrors (Kirkpatrick-Baez configuration). Circularly polarized radiation is obtained by inserting a water-cooled movable aperture in front of the vertically focusing mirror to allow selecting the beam either above or below the horizontal plane. To maintain a stable beam intensity through the entrance slit, the photocurrent signals from the upper and lower jaws of the entrance slit are utilized to set a feedback loop with the vertically deflecting mirror Piezoelectric drive. The beamline end station has a rotatable platform (through 60 degrees) that accommodates two experimental chambers, enabling the synchrotron radiation to be directed to either one without breaking vacuum. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PHYS,DAVIS,CA 95616. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM & PHYS,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Hussain, Z (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 6 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 80 BP 401 EP 404 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(96)03002-2 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA VA962 UT WOS:A1996VA96200095 ER PT J AU Randall, KJ Xu, Z Gluskin, E McNulty, I Dejus, R Krinsky, S Singh, O Kao, CC Johnson, ED Chen, CT Meigs, G AF Randall, KJ Xu, Z Gluskin, E McNulty, I Dejus, R Krinsky, S Singh, O Kao, CC Johnson, ED Chen, CT Meigs, G TI Characterization of a novel elliptically polarized wiggler SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV AB We report on the initial characterization of an elliptically polarized wiggler built by a collaboration between the Advanced Photon Source, the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, and the National Synchrotron Light Source. The wiggler has recently been installed in the X13 straight section of the NSLS X-Ray ring. The device consists of a vertical permanent-magnet wiggler and a horizontal electromagnet wiggler. The electromagnets allow the wiggler to produce on-axis circularly polarized soft x-rays with the capability of AC modulation of the polarization. The maximum switching frequency that can be reached is 100 Hz. The degree of circular polarization of the radiation from the wiggler was characterized by making magnetic circular dichroism measurements using the X13A soft x-ray beamline. For a horizontal deflection parameter, K-x, of 1.6, the dichroism effects at the Fe L(2,3) edges indicate a degree of circular polarization of approximately 75% using an aperture with a vertical acceptance of 87 mu rad. Because both the left- and right-circularly polarized photons traverse identical paths through the beamline optical system, significantly smaller intensity fluctuations associated with switching of the polarization were observed than are typically possible at bending magnet beamlines. This, together with the relatively fast modulation rate, means that it will now be feasible to perform a variety of experiments that have not been possible using bending magnet sources. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE DEPT,UPTON,NY 11973. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. RP Randall, KJ (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ADV PHOTON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 80 BP 433 EP 436 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(96)03009-5 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA VA962 UT WOS:A1996VA96200102 ER PT J AU Kowalski, MP Cruddace, RG Seely, JF Rife, JC Hunter, WR Barbee, TW AF Kowalski, MP Cruddace, RG Seely, JF Rife, JC Hunter, WR Barbee, TW TI The EUV performance of an ion-etched blazed diffraction grating SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV ID MULTILAYER; OPERATION; RANGE AB A spherical holographic ion-etched diffraction grating with low-blaze angle has been purchased for the purpose of vendor evaluation. We present the results of surface measurements made on the bare grating substrate using an atomic force microscope. The efficiency of the grating at grazing incidence and at EW wavelengths was measured using a synchrotron light source. After coating the grating with a multilayer, the normal incidence efficiency was measured. The results of these measurements are compared to those obtained from samples from other vendors. C1 SFA INC,LANDOVER,MD 20785. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Kowalski, MP (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 80 BP 473 EP 476 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(96)03019-8 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA VA962 UT WOS:A1996VA96200112 ER PT J AU Jia, JJ Underwood, JH Gullikson, EM Callcott, TA Perera, RCC AF Jia, JJ Underwood, JH Gullikson, EM Callcott, TA Perera, RCC TI Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy in 100-1000 eV region at the ALS SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV AB In a number of solid state systems with localized conduction band states and excitonic states, sharp features in absorption spectra were observed. We have measured the x-ray absorption spectra from borides, nitrides, and some calcium and titanium compounds using BL 6.3.2, an entrance slitless bend magnet beamline operating in the 50-1000 eV region, equipped with a Hettrick-Underwood type varied line space (VLS) grating monochromator. As an example, absorption measurement of selected compounds in B-K (similar to 190 eV), Ca-L (similar to 350 eV), and Ti-L (similar to 460 eV) x-ray region will be presented along with their accurate energy positions. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR XRAY OPT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Jia, JJ (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 9 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 80 BP 509 EP 512 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(96)03028-9 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA VA962 UT WOS:A1996VA96200121 ER PT J AU Perera, RCC Jia, JJ Callcott, TA Carlisle, JA Terminello, LT Himpsel, FJ Ederer, DL AF Perera, RCC Jia, JJ Callcott, TA Carlisle, JA Terminello, LT Himpsel, FJ Ederer, DL TI Resonant inelastic scattering in localized solid systems by soft x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV AB An insertion device beamline, BL 8.0 at the ALS, utilizes the radiation from a 5.0 cm period undulator to cover the 100 - 1500 eV photon energy range. In a number of solid systems with localized conduction band states and excitonic states, by tuning the energy of the monochromatic x-rays near the core level absorption edges of cation atoms, a resonant inelastic scattering feature is observed. We have carried out careful studies in various systems. As an example, we present resonant X-ray inelastic scattering spectra from CaF2, CaSi and CaSi2 with distinctive localized empty 3d states, to give a general overview of resonant inelastic scattering observations in these systems. When a core electron is excited into a localized state, it stays there long enough eventually to recombine with the core hole, resulting in resonant elastic peaks. For the inelastic process, the energy loss observed indicates an electronic transition of the valence electron to the localized states in the conduction band accompanying the excitation. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. IBM CORP,THOMAS J WATSON RES CTR,YORKTOWN HTS,NY 10598. TULANE UNIV,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. RP Perera, RCC (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 79 BP 139 EP 142 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(96)02821-6 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA UY743 UT WOS:A1996UY74300034 ER PT J AU Krause, MO Caldwell, CD Menzel, A Benzaid, S JimenezMier, J AF Krause, MO Caldwell, CD Menzel, A Benzaid, S JimenezMier, J TI High-resolution electron spectrometry of open-shell atoms SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV ID AUTOIONIZATION RESONANCES; PHOTOIONIZATION; NS'; AR; KR; XE AB Recent progress in the study of the halogen atoms by means of electron spectrometry with the use of synchrotron radiation is described, and the autoionization features in these open-shell atoms are compared with those in the neighboring rare gas atoms. In addition, photoionization of the oxygen atom is examined at the multiplet level, and a first ion-yield measurement of the photoexcitation of the K-electron in the O atom is described. C1 UNIV CENT FLORIDA, DEPT PHYS, ORLANDO, FL 32816 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, INST CIENCIAS NUCL, MEXICO CITY 04510, DF, MEXICO. RP Krause, MO (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RI Jimenez-Mier, Jose/A-5081-2009 OI Jimenez-Mier, Jose/0000-0002-5939-9568 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 79 BP 241 EP 246 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(96)02846-0 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA UY743 UT WOS:A1996UY74300059 ER PT J AU Schulz, K Kaindl, G Bozek, JD Heimann, PA Schlachter, AS AF Schulz, K Kaindl, G Bozek, JD Heimann, PA Schlachter, AS TI Photoionization study of doubly-excited Helium at ultra-high resolution SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV ID STATES; SERIES; HE; CLASSIFICATION AB The doubly-excited states of He were studied at the 9.0.1 undulator beamline of the Advanced Light Source. Using a 925 lines/mm grating and entrance/exit slits as narrow as 2.5 mu m, the (2p,3d) state could be observed with a total experimental width of 1.0 meV (FHWM), which corresponds to a resolving power of E/Delta E congruent to 64,000 at hv = 64.12 eV. With this substantially improved resolution, we reinvestigated the photoionization spectrum of He up to the double-ionization threshold at congruent to 79 eV. Some previously unobservable Rydberg states and Rydberg series were identified, and the results are compared with state-of-the-art atomic-structure calculations as well with the results of a systematic study performed recently at the SX700/II beamline at BESSY. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,ADV LIGHT SOURCE,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Schulz, K (reprint author), FREE UNIV BERLIN,INST EXPTL PHYS,ARNIMALLEE 14,D-14195 BERLIN,GERMANY. RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010 OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 79 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(96)02848-4 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA UY743 UT WOS:A1996UY74300061 ER PT J AU Schmidt, V Schaphorst, SJ Krassig, B Schwarzkopf, O Scherer, N AF Schmidt, V Schaphorst, SJ Krassig, B Schwarzkopf, O Scherer, N TI Recent results in energy- and angle-resolved double photoionization SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV ID THRESHOLD DOUBLE PHOTOIONIZATION; AUGER ELECTRONS; STATES; HELIUM; XENON; DECAY AB The study of energy- and angle-resolved double photoionization leads to the triple-differential cross section (TDCS) which can provide, except for the spin polarization of the electrons, the most complete information on the double photoionization process. Three recent results will be presented: an absolute measurement for a selected helium TDCS pattern, TDCS patterns for direct double photoionization in neon leading to the three final ionic states, S-1(e), P-3(e) and D-1(e) of the np(4) ion core, and an investigation of resonance-affected double photoionization in the neon 2p(4) D-1(e) continuum. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Schmidt, V (reprint author), UNIV FREIBURG,FAK PHYS,HERMANN HERDER STR 3,D-79104 FREIBURG,GERMANY. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 79 BP 279 EP 282 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(96)02853-8 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA UY743 UT WOS:A1996UY74300066 ER PT J AU Caldwell, CD Menzel, A Benzaid, S Krause, MO AF Caldwell, CD Menzel, A Benzaid, S Krause, MO TI Observation of the 2p(4)(S-1)ns,md excitations in atomic fluorine SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV ID PHOTOIONISATION AB In the first observation of the autoionizing resonances converging to the 2p(4) (S-1) series limit of atomic fluorine, the decay of the resonance states into the (D-1) epsilon l partial channel has been measured by photoelectron spectrometry with the use of synchrotron radiation. We present the initial results of this work. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Caldwell, CD (reprint author), UNIV CENT FLORIDA,DEPT PHYS,ORLANDO,FL 32816, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 79 BP 293 EP 294 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(96)02856-3 PG 2 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA UY743 UT WOS:A1996UY74300069 ER PT J AU West, JB Parr, AC Hayes, MA Dehmer, JL Dehmer, PM Ueda, K Siggel, MRF Hardis, JE AF West, JB Parr, AC Hayes, MA Dehmer, JL Dehmer, PM Ueda, K Siggel, MRF Hardis, JE TI A high resolution study of the photelectron angular distributions and branching ratios for the carbon dioxide molecule in the wavelength region 685-795 angstrom SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV ID PARAMETERS; CO2 AB Measurements of the vibrational branching ratios and photoelectron angular distributions have been made in the regions of the Tanaka-Ogawa, Lindholm and Henning series for the CO2 molecule. The behaviour of these parameters was found to be sensitive to which particular resonance is excited, with considerable intensity going into vibrational modes other than the symmetric st-retch. An initial analysis of some of the data taken is presented. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM RES,ARGONNE,IL 60439. TOHOKU UNIV,SCI MEASUREMENTS RES INST,SENDAI,MIYAGI 980,JAPAN. RP West, JB (reprint author), SERC,DARESBURY LAB,WARRINGTON WA4 4AD,CHESHIRE,ENGLAND. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 79 BP 511 EP 514 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(96)02907-6 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA UY743 UT WOS:A1996UY74300120 ER PT J AU Allen, JW Zhang, YX Tjeng, LH Cox, LE Maple, MB Chen, CT AF Allen, JW Zhang, YX Tjeng, LH Cox, LE Maple, MB Chen, CT TI Photoemission and inverse photoemission studies on actinide materials - Does any model work? SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SPECTROSCOPY; Y1-XUXPD3; SURFACE; UPT3; CE AB An overview is given of issues in the comparison of theory and experiment for actinide 5f electron spectra, with new experimental results on the photon energy dependence of 5f photoemission in UAl2 and the 4f core levels of the four phases of Pu metal. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87543. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,INST PURE & APPL PHYS SCI,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PHYS,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. RP Allen, JW (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT PHYS,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 78 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(96)80026-0 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA UT322 UT WOS:A1996UT32200012 ER PT J AU Olson, CG AF Olson, CG TI Fermi surface and gap symmetry of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8: A status report SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV ID ANGLE-RESOLVED-PHOTOEMISSION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SUPERCONDUCTING GAP; PLANE AB Experimental aspects of recent high-resolution, angle-resolved photemission studies of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 are reviewed. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 78 BP 163 EP 165 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(96)80052-1 PG 3 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA UT322 UT WOS:A1996UT32200038 ER PT J AU Cramer, SP Peng, G Christiansen, J Chen, J vanElp, J George, SJ Young, AT AF Cramer, SP Peng, G Christiansen, J Chen, J vanElp, J George, SJ Young, AT TI Fluorescence detected soft XAS and MCD - Applications to bioinorganic systems SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-11 Conference) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL RIKKYO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Appl Phys, Spectroscop Soc Japan, Biophys Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Federat Econ Org, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, JAERI RIKEN Spring 9 Project Team, Unoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Fdn, Shimadzu Sci Fdn, Watanabe Mem Fdn Adv Technol, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka Sci & Technol Ctr HO RIKKYO UNIV AB Recent developments in synchrotron radiation sources and end stations make x-ray magnetic circular dichroism a feasible experiment for metalloproteins. This paper describes the experimental apparatus and some results that indicate the promise of the technique. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY & ENVIRONM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Cramer, SP (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT APPL SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 78 BP 225 EP 229 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(96)80067-3 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA UT322 UT WOS:A1996UT32200053 ER PT J AU Zolper, JC Crawford, MH Pearton, SJ Abernathy, CR Vartuli, CB Yuan, C Stall, RA AF Zolper, JC Crawford, MH Pearton, SJ Abernathy, CR Vartuli, CB Yuan, C Stall, RA TI Ion implantation and rapid thermal processing of III-V nitrides SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Electronic Materials Conference CY JUN 21-23, 1995 CL CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA DE III-V nitrides; gallium nitride; ion implantation; rapid thermal anneal (RTA) ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; EPITAXIAL GAN; GAAS; DIFFUSION; FILMS AB Ion implantation doping and isolation coupled with rapid thermal annealing has played a critical role in the realization of high performance photonic and electronic devices in all mature semiconductor material systems. This is also expected to be the case for the binary III-V nitrides (InN, GaN, and AlN) and their alloys as the epitaxial material quality improves and more advanced device structures are fabricated. In this article, we review the recent developments in implant doping and isolation along with rapid thermal annealing of GaN and the In-containing ternary alloys InGaN and InAlN. In particular, the successful nand p-type doping of GaN by ion implantation of Si and Mg+P, respectively, and subsequent high temperature rapid thermal anneals in excess of 1000 degrees C is reviewed. In the area of implant isolation, N-implantation has been shown to compensate both n- and p-type GaN, N-, and O-implantation effectively compensates InAlN, and InGaN shows limited compensation with either N- or F-implantation. The effects of rapid thermal annealing on unimplanted material are also presented. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. EMCORE CORP,SOMERSET,NJ 08873. RP Zolper, JC (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 23 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 25 IS 5 BP 839 EP 844 DI 10.1007/BF02666646 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA UJ099 UT WOS:A1996UJ09900012 ER PT J AU Pearton, SJ Shul, RJ Wilson, RG Ren, F Zavada, JM Abernathy, CR Vartuli, CB Lee, JW Mileham, JR Mackenzie, JD AF Pearton, SJ Shul, RJ Wilson, RG Ren, F Zavada, JM Abernathy, CR Vartuli, CB Lee, JW Mileham, JR Mackenzie, JD TI The incorporation of hydrogen into III-V nitrides during processing SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Electronic Materials Conference CY JUN 21-23, 1995 CL CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA DE III-V nitrides; defects; hydrogen; passivation; shallow donors AB Hydrogen is readily incorporated into GaN and related alloys during wet and dry etching, chemical vapor deposition of dielectric overlayers, boiling in water, and other process steps, in addition to its effects during metalorganic chemical vapor deposition or metalorganic molecular beam epitaxial growth. The hydrogen is bound at defects or impurities and passivates their electrical activity. Reactivation of passivated shallow donors in the nitrides occurs at 450-550 degrees C, but evolution from the crystal requires much higher temperatures (greater than or equal to 800 degrees C for GaN). C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. HUGHES RES LABS,MALIBU,CA 90265. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. USA,RES OFF,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP Pearton, SJ (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 9 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 25 IS 5 BP 845 EP 849 DI 10.1007/BF02666647 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA UJ099 UT WOS:A1996UJ09900013 ER PT J AU Gardner, J Rao, MV Holland, OW Kelner, G Simons, DS Chi, PH Andrews, JM Kretchmer, J Ghezzo, M AF Gardner, J Rao, MV Holland, OW Kelner, G Simons, DS Chi, PH Andrews, JM Kretchmer, J Ghezzo, M TI Elevated temperature nitrogen implants in 6H-SiC SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Electronic Materials Conference CY JUN 21-23, 1995 CL CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA DE electrical activation; ion implantation; nitrogen; p-n junction diode; secondary ion mass spectrometry; silicon carbide ID BETA SILICON-CARBIDE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; JUNCTION DIODES AB Elevated temperature (700 degrees C)N ion implantations were performed into 6H-SiC in the energy range of 50 keV-4 MeV. By analyzing the as-implanted depth distributions, the range statistics of the N+ in 6H-SiC have been established over this energy range. Annealing at 1500 and 1600 degrees C for 15 min resulted in Rutherford backscattering spectrometry scattering yields at the virgin crystal level, indicating a good recovery of the crystalline quality of the material without any redistribution of the dopant. A maximum electron concentration of 2 x 10(19) cm(-3), at room temperature, has been measured even for high-dose implants. The p-n junction diodes made by N ion implantation into a p-type substrate have a forward turn-on voltage of 2.2 V, an ideality factor of 1.90, and a reverse breakdown voltage of 125 V with nA range leakage current for -10 V bias at room temperature. By probing many devices on the same substrate we found uniform forward and reverse characteristics across the crystal. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NANTRON ASSOCIATES,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22306. GE CO,CORP RES & DEV,SCHENECTADY,NY 12301. RP Gardner, J (reprint author), GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,FAIRFAX,VA 22030, USA. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 25 IS 5 BP 885 EP 892 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA UJ099 UT WOS:A1996UJ09900020 ER PT J AU Downing, M Ozuna, T AF Downing, M Ozuna, T TI Testing the reliability of the benefit function transfer approach SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RESPONSES AB This article presents an experiment designed to test the reliability of the benefit function transfer approach using contingent valuation methods. The experiment uses data collected from anglers surveyed across eight contiguous Texas Gulf Coast bay regions over three distinct time periods. Results indicate that the benefit function transfer approach tends to over-estimate benefits, implying that, at least for the case of recreational saltwater fishing in Texas, the benefit function transfer approach is not reliable. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP Downing, M (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 12 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 4 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0095-0696 J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 30 IS 3 BP 316 EP 322 DI 10.1006/jeem.1996.0021 PG 7 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UM300 UT WOS:A1996UM30000004 ER PT J AU DePaoli, DW Wilson, JH Thomas, CO AF DePaoli, DW Wilson, JH Thomas, CO TI Conceptual design of soil venting systems SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID VAPOR EXTRACTION; TRANSPORT; MODEL; BIODEGRADATION; HYDROCARBONS; FLOW AB A method for economically based conceptual design of soil venting systems is described. The objective of this method is to provide a means of estimating the cost and schedule of site cleanup for the purposes of technology selection and for focusing detailed system design. Idealized treatments of contaminant volatilization and how of gas in the soil are employed to obtain estimates of transient off-gas concentration and the vacuum required at the extraction vents for a given set of site and system design conditions. Capital and operating costs of blowers and emissions control devices are estimated using standard techniques, allowing comparison of the required processing cost for cleanup under various design strategies. The utility of this technique is illustrated for an example case of a 95,000-L, (25,000-gal) JP-4 jet fuel spill. The results for this test case indicate that emissions control predictably increases cleanup cost, with carbon adsorption being more costly than catalytic oxidation. This treatment predicts than an optimum flow rate and system size exist for each design strategy at a particular site. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT CHEM ENGN,KNOXVILLE,TN 37966. RP DePaoli, DW (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 1996 VL 122 IS 5 BP 399 EP 406 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1996)122:5(399) PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UG902 UT WOS:A1996UG90200011 ER PT J AU Fayer, MJ Gee, GW Rockhold, ML Freshley, MD Walters, TB AF Fayer, MJ Gee, GW Rockhold, ML Freshley, MD Walters, TB TI Estimating recharge rates for a groundwater model using a GIS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION AB Some of the defense wastes at the Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State are stored in the vadose zone. It is possible that natural recharge could mobilize and transport the contaminants in these wastes to the groundwater, as well as influence groundwater velocities and directions. The objective of this study was to estimate the areal distribution of natural recharge for use as a boundary condition for a groundwater flow and transport model. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to identify all possible combinations of soil type and vegetation and assign to each an appropriate estimate of recharge. The strategy was to assign estimates based on field data and supplement with simulation results only when necessary, The estimated rates varied from 0.7 to 127.1 mm/yr. The order of preference for assigning estimates was lysimetry > water content measurements > tracers > modeling, based on qualitative estimates of the relative error of each method as applied. The GIS software was used to estimate the annual recharge volume attributable to specific soil-vegetation combinations. The total annual recharge volume was 8.47 x 10(9) L for the 765 km(2) portion of the site containing the major waste storage areas. This volume is from 2 to 10 times higher than estimates of runoff and groundwater how from adjacent higher elevations and is equivalent to facility discharges in 1992. The recharge map show ed the impact of a 1984 fire on increasing recharge; it also illustrated the higher recharge rates associated with disturbed soils in the waste storage areas. RP Fayer, MJ (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, HYDROL GRP, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 25 IS 3 BP 510 EP 518 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UM247 UT WOS:A1996UM24700024 ER PT J AU Fukui, Y Doskey, PV AF Fukui, Y Doskey, PV TI An enclosure technique for measuring nonmethane organic compound emissions from grasslands SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; NATURAL HYDROCARBONS; RESPONSE FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; ISOPRENE; OZONE; ATMOSPHERE; MODEL; AIR; VARIABILITY AB A static chamber technique for measuring emissions of nonmethane organic compounds (NMOCs) from soil surfaces and herbaceous vegetation in a natural setting has been developed. The technique involves the insertion of a polymethyl methacrylate frame into the ground. A polycarbonate chamber is placed in a water-containing trough on the frame to seal the chamber to the surface. The soil surface and vegetation are covered for various lengths of time, and samples of the chamber air are passively collected in preevacuated stainless steel canisters. The samples are analyzed in the laboratory by a whole-air cryogenic-preconcentration/high-resolution gas chromatographic technique with flame ionization detection. Changes in the concentrations of the NMOCs with time in the chamber are used to derive emission rates. The technique is sensitive and precise, but the occasional observation of nonlinear changes in NMOC concentrations in the chamber with the length of the covering period limits the accuracy of emission rates derived by this technique. Despite this Limitation, the method is effective for identifying NMOC emissions and investigating seasonal variations of emission rates. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM RES,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 46 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 25 IS 3 BP 601 EP 610 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UM247 UT WOS:A1996UM24700036 ER PT J AU Tingey, DT McVeety, BD Waschmann, R Johnson, MG Phillips, DL Rygiewicz, PT Olszyk, DM AF Tingey, DT McVeety, BD Waschmann, R Johnson, MG Phillips, DL Rygiewicz, PT Olszyk, DM TI A versatile sun-lit controlled-environment facility for studying plant and soil processes SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CO2; ECOSYSTEMS; FIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB A new environmental-tracking, sun-lit controlled-environment facility (terracosm) that can control and manipulate climatic and edaphic factors while maintaining natural environmental variability was developed to study the effects of environmental stresses on a model ecosystem (i.e., plant and soil processes). An analysis of terracosm performance data indicates that the terracosms simulated natural seasonal and diurnal changes in atmospheric CO2, air and soil temperatures, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and soil moisture. The terracosm performance data indicate that between 92 and 100% of the hourly CO2 concentrations are within +/-50 mu mol mol(-1) of the target concentrations for both ambient and elevated treatments (1 Nov. 1993 through 30 Nov. 1994). Air temperatures are within 2 degrees C of the target temperature between 85 and 100% of the hours for both ambient and elevated temperature treatments. The VPD was approximately the same (0.09 kPa difference between treatments) in the ambient and elevated temperature treatments. Distributed process control was implemented to minimize down-time. Terracosm downtime, periods when terracosm environmental conditions could not be reliably controlled, varied between 2.4 and 2.8% of all hours, and was equally distributed between biological sampling and equipment problems. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. MERSC, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. RP Tingey, DT (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35TH ST, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 18 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 25 IS 3 BP 614 EP 625 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UM247 UT WOS:A1996UM24700038 ER PT J AU Gibson, JK AF Gibson, JK TI Transition-metal fluoride ions, MF(n)(+) from gas-phase reactions of nascent laser-ablated M(+) with fluorocarbons SO JOURNAL OF FLUORINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE transition-metal fluoride ions; time-of-flight mass spectrometry; laser ablation; gas-phase reactions; electronic configurations ID STATE-SPECIFIC REACTIONS; MOLECULAR BEAM METHOD; ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATIONS; IONIZATION; LANTHANIDE; CHEMISTRY; ENERGIES; ATOMS; THERMODYNAMICS; POTENTIALS AB The positive-ion products of the direct reaction of nascent (energetic) laser-ablated metal ions (M(+)) with fluorocarbons were determined by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Several lanthanide, second- and third-row transition-metal ions were studied to provide a survey of reactivities. Whereas Pt+, Au+ and Al+ were apparently inert, the other M(+) ions studied - Ce+, Eu+, Tb+, Dy+, Ho+, Er+, Yb+, Zr+, Hf+, Nb+, Ta+ and W+ - reacted to varying degrees, abstracting atoms from the reactant gas to produce metal fluoride ions, MF(n)(+). The relative metal-ion reactivities generally closely paralleled those of the corresponding metals, and the product distribution - the values of n in MF(n)(+) - reflected essential aspects of the elemental chemistries. Thus the oxidation state in the largest fluoride ions revealed the highest normally accessible oxidation states: MF(n)(+) were formed up to n = 2, 3, 4 and 5 for Ho, Hf, Ta and W, respectively. Significant discrepancies in product distributions were found between some homologous M(+); reactivity variations across the lanthanide series reflected specific electronic configurations. The results are pertinent to processes which occur in mass spectrometer ion sources and pulsed laser deposition, and the technique is applicable to the microscale study of scarce or radioactive elements. RP OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-1139 EI 1873-3328 J9 J FLUORINE CHEM JI J. Fluor. Chem. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 78 IS 1 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1016/0022-1139(96)03414-8 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA UW493 UT WOS:A1996UW49300011 ER PT J AU Granger, DE Kirchner, JW Finkel, R AF Granger, DE Kirchner, JW Finkel, R TI Spatially averaged long-term erosion rates measured from in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides in alluvial sediment SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DENUDATION; EVOLUTION; QUARTZ; GROWTH AB Spatially averaged erosion rates of small catchments can be accurately inferred from the concentrations of cosmogenic nuclides in stream sediment. Here we test this technique at two catchments by comparing erosion rates inferred from cosmogenic nuclides with rates of alluvial fan deposition over the past 16,000 years. These two independent estimates agree within one standard error, demonstrating that cosmogenic nuclide signatures of stream sediment can be used to measure spatially averaged long-term erosion rates. Using this technique, we show that long-term erosion rates are an exponential function of average hillslope gradient at these sites. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP Granger, DE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Kirchner, James/B-6126-2009 OI Kirchner, James/0000-0001-6577-3619 NR 38 TC 318 Z9 331 U1 5 U2 54 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1376 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 104 IS 3 BP 249 EP 257 PG 9 WC Geology SC Geology GA UH719 UT WOS:A1996UH71900001 ER PT J AU Gary, SP Wang, J AF Gary, SP Wang, J TI Whistler instability: Electron anisotropy upper bound SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA AB If the electron distribution function is approximately bi-Maxwellian with T-perpendicular to/T-parallel to > 1, where the subscript symbols denote directions perpendicular and parallel > 1, to the background magnetic field, and if this temperature anisotropy is sufficiently large, the whistler anisotropy instability is excited. This mode is studied using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations in a spatially homogeneous plasma model. Theory predicts a threshold electron anisotropy for this instability which depends inversely on the electron parallel beta. The simulations show that wave-particle scattering by enhanced whistler fluctuations maintain the initially bi-Maxwellian character of the electron distribution, and that this scattering imposes an upper bound on the electron T-perpendicular to/T-parallel to commensurate with that predicted by linear theory. C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,MS 301460,PASADENA,CA 91109. RP Gary, SP (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS D438,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 21 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 101 IS A5 BP 10749 EP 10754 DI 10.1029/96JA00323 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UJ412 UT WOS:A1996UJ41200021 ER PT J AU Henderson, MG Reeves, GD Belian, RD Murphree, JS AF Henderson, MG Reeves, GD Belian, RD Murphree, JS TI Observations of magnetospheric substorms occurring with no apparent solar wind IMF trigger SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; EVENT AB An outstanding topic in magnetospheric physics is whether substorms are always externally triggered by disturbances in either the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) or solar wind, or whether they can also occur solely as the result of an internal magnetospheric instability. Over the past decade, arguments have been made on both sides of this issue. Horwitz [1985] and McPherron et al. [1986] have shown examples of substorm onsets which they claimed were not externally triggered. However, as pointed out by Lyons [1995, 1996], there are several problems associated with these studies that make their results somewhat inconclusive. In particular, in the McPherron et al. study, fluctuations in the B-y component were not considered as possible triggers. Furthermore, Lyons suggests that the sharp decreases in the AL index during intervals of steady IMF/solar wind are not substorms at all but rather that they are just enhancements of the convection driven DP 2 current system that are often observed to occur during steady magnetospheric convection events. In the present study, we utilize a much more comprehensive data set (consisting of particle data from the Los Alamos energetic particle detectors at geosynchronous orbit, IMP 8 magnetometer and plasma data, Viking UV auroral imager data, midlatitude Pi 2 pulsation data, ground magnetometer data, and ISEE 1 magnetic field and energetic particle data) to show as unambiguously as possible that typical substorms can indeed occur in the absence of an identifiable trigger in the solar wind/IMF. C1 UNIV CALGARY,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,CALGARY,AB T2N 1N4,CANADA. RP Henderson, MG (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,NONPROLIFERAT & INTERNATL SECUR DIV,MS D436,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; Henderson, Michael/A-3948-2011 OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Henderson, Michael/0000-0003-4975-9029 NR 26 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 101 IS A5 BP 10773 EP 10791 DI 10.1029/96JA00186 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UJ412 UT WOS:A1996UJ41200024 ER PT J AU Hesse, M Birn, J Kuznetsova, MM Dreher, J AF Hesse, M Birn, J Kuznetsova, MM Dreher, J TI A simple model of core field generation during plasmoid evolution SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOMAGNETIC TAIL; EARTHS MAGNETOTAIL; FLUX ROPES; SUBSTORM; MAGNETOSHEATH; CDAW-8; LAYER; SHEET AB Bipolar magnetic field signatures in the far magnetotail observed by the ISEE 3 spacecraft are commonly interpreted as signatures of a passing magnetic bubble, or plasmoid. A large number of such plasmoid-type variations in the north-south component of the magnetic field are accompanied by large core magnetic fields which are directed primarily in the cross-tail direction, indicating a flux rope like structure. Similar signatures are also found in a recent examination of GEOTAIL deep tail data. The fact that more of these flux ropelike plasmoids are encountered in the far tail than closer to the Earth raises the question whether they are the result of an evolution from no or low core fields to high core fields or whether plasmoids without core fields and flux ropes are entirely different entities. We present a model which explains the evolution of a looplike plasmoid in the near tail to a thinner flux rope in the far tail. The transition is accomplished by magnetic reconnection, which progressively connects the plasmoid magnetic field lines to the colder plasma in the low-latitude boundary layer and magnetosheath. The connection leads to a draining of hot plasma from plasmoid field lines and a subsequent collapse due to the plasma pressure reduction. The collapse causes a strong enhancement of any preexisting cross-tail magnetic field component, until a quasi-force-free state is reached. We also present MHD simulations to demonstrate the process. Last, we show that this mechanism call produce core field enhancements beyond the ambient lobe field strength. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,SPACE PHYS GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RUHR UNIV BOCHUM,D-4630 BOCHUM,GERMANY. RP Hesse, M (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ELECTRODYNAM BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012; Kuznetsova, Maria/F-6840-2012 NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 101 IS A5 BP 10797 EP 10804 DI 10.1029/95JA03149 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UJ412 UT WOS:A1996UJ41200026 ER PT J AU Hesse, M Birn, J Baker, DN Slavin, JA AF Hesse, M Birn, J Baker, DN Slavin, JA TI MHD simulations of the transition of magnetic reconnection from closed to open field lines SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOMAGNETIC TAIL; PLASMOID EVOLUTION; EARTHS MAGNETOTAIL; DISTANT TAIL; RE-CONNEXION; SUBSTORM; COMPUTER; ISEE-3; SHEET; LOBES AB Two- and three-dimensional resistive MHD simulations are used to study the behavior of a dynamic magnetotail model when reconnection proceeds from closed to open field lines. For this purpose, the initial, quasi-static magnetotail configuration is set up for various lobe density values. Initiated by the increase or occurrence of anomalous resistivity, all simulations then exhibit the growth of an unstable tail mode, which leads to neutral line and plasmoid formation. The reconnection process starts in a plasma sheet region of high mass density and progresses to open field lines with much lower plasma density and much lower plasma beta. At the time of transition, drastic changes of typical dynamical parameters occur, involving strongly enhanced electric fields and reconnection rates and the generation of field-aligned currents. Further, typical substorm signatures such as the dipolarization of the magnetic field in the inner regions of the magnetotail appear on very short timescales, comparable to those found in spacecraft observations. It is argued that this behavior should indeed become important during substorm evolution, in support of substorm models based on this transition. C1 UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, SPACE & ATMOSPHER SCI GRP, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RP NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, ELECTRODYNAM BRANCH, CODE 696, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012 OI Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 101 IS A5 BP 10805 EP 10816 DI 10.1029/95JA02857 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UJ412 UT WOS:A1996UJ41200027 ER PT J AU Sergeev, VA Angelopoulos, V Gosling, JT Cattell, CA Russell, CT AF Sergeev, VA Angelopoulos, V Gosling, JT Cattell, CA Russell, CT TI Detection of localized, plasma-depleted flux tubes or bubbles in the midtail plasma sheet SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; SUBSTORM; RECONNECTION; MAGNETOTAIL; TAIL; MAGNETOSPHERE; CDAW-6; EVENTS; FLOWS AB Recent studies have shown that most Earthward transport in the midtail, high-beta plasma sheet takes place in the form of short-lived, high-speed plasma flow bursts. Bursty bulk flows are observed both when the plasma sheet is thin, such as during substorm expansion, and when it is thick, such as during substorm recovery. We present multi-instrument observations from the ISEE 1 and ISEE 2 spacecraft to argue that when the plasma sheet becomes thick and close to its equilibrium state, the plasma and magnetic field signatures of high-speed flow events are consistent with the theoretically predicted signatures of plasma-depleted flux tubes or ''bubbles'' [Pontius and Wolf, 1990; Chen and Wolf, 1993]. These signatures consist of a decrease in the plasma pressure and an increase in the B-z-component of the magnetic field accompanying the high speed flow, We show that the Eathward moving bubbles are separated from the plasma ahead of them by a sharp tangential discontinuity. The layer ahead of the bubbles exhibits flow and magnetic field shear consistent with flow around an Earthward moving obstacle, The bubble is in approximate total pressure balance with the surrounding medium, We show that there is a systematic difference in the orientation of the discontinuity measured at ISEE 1 and 2, implying a small (about 1-3 R(E)) cross-tail size of the bubbles. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,APPL PHYS LAB,LAUREL,MD. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PHYS & ASTRON,TATE LAB PHYS,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095. RP Sergeev, VA (reprint author), ST PETERSBURG STATE UNIV,INST PHYS,STARY PETERGOF,ST PETERSBURG 198904,RUSSIA. RI Sergeev, Victor/H-1173-2013 OI Sergeev, Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631 NR 24 TC 226 Z9 227 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 101 IS A5 BP 10817 EP 10826 DI 10.1029/96JA00460 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UJ412 UT WOS:A1996UJ41200028 ER PT J AU Tsurutani, BT Ho, CM Arballo, JK Smith, EJ Goldstein, BE Neugebauer, M Balogh, A Feldman, WC AF Tsurutani, BT Ho, CM Arballo, JK Smith, EJ Goldstein, BE Neugebauer, M Balogh, A Feldman, WC TI Interplanetary discontinuities and Alfven waves at high heliographic latitudes: Ulysses SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; STREAMER BELT AB This paper presents the results of the first statistical study of interplanetary directional discontinuities at both low and high heliographic latitudes measured by the Ulysses magnetometer. There is a gradual decrease in the rate of occurrence of interplanetary discontinuities (ROIDs) with increasing radial distance. From 1 to 5 AU, an e(-(r-1)/5) dependence is derived. Much of this decrease is believed to be an artifact due to the discontinuity thickening with decreasing \B\, falling outside the detection criteria. As Ulysses goes from the ecliptic plane to high (-80 degrees) heliographic latitudes, the ROID value increases dramatically. The increase is about a factor of 5 as Ulysses moves from Jupiter at 5 AU to 2.5 AU over the south pole. There is a one-to-one correspondence between high ROID values and high-speed streams. This is particularly dramatic just after the Jovian encounter when there are similar to 25.4-day period corotating streams present. Thus the increase with latitude is primarily due to Ulysses spending an increasing percentage of time within a high-speed stream emanating from the solar coronal hole. High-speed streams are characterized by the presence of nonlinear Alfven waves with peak-to-peak transverse fluctuations as large as \Delta (B) over bar\/\B\ of 1 to 2. Over the south pole, the normalized transverse wave power can be characterized by P = 2.5 x 10(-4)f(-1.6) Hz(-1) and the compressional power 1.8 x 10(-4)f(-1.2) Hz(-1) for frequencies between 10(-5) and 10(-2) Hz. The normalized wave power spectra in different regions of the polar coronal hole streams, from midlatitudes to high heliographic latitudes, appear to be quite similar. The wave power in the ecliptic plane is somewhat lower, perhaps due to contamination from low-speed streams. The Alfven waves in the high-speed stream are found to be propagating outward from the Sun, even at these large heliocentric distances (2.5-5.0 AU). The waves typically have arclike polarizations and conserve field magnitude to first order. Directional (rotational) discontinuities often form the edges of the phase-steepened Alfven waves, thus offering a natural explanation for the high ROID rates within high-speed streams. C1 UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI & TECHNOL,BLACKETT LAB,LONDON SW7 2BZ,ENGLAND. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Tsurutani, BT (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,MS 169-506,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 35 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 101 IS A5 BP 11027 EP 11038 DI 10.1029/95JA03479 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UJ412 UT WOS:A1996UJ41200050 ER PT J AU Robinett, RD Parker, GG AF Robinett, RD Parker, GG TI Spacecraft Euler parameter tracking of large-angle maneuvers via sliding mode control SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article RP Robinett, RD (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,TECH STAFF,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 6 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 19 IS 3 BP 702 EP 703 DI 10.2514/3.21677 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA UJ916 UT WOS:A1996UJ91600028 ER PT J AU Wiles, CC AF Wiles, CC TI Municipal solid waste combustion ash: State-of-the-knowledge SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE municipal waste combustion; ash; ash characteristics; ash treatment options; ash utilization AB Over the past several years there has been significant controversy concerning the proper management of the residues from combusting municipal solid waste (MSW) and their regulatory classification as hazardous or non-hazardous waste. This controversy and other factors (e.g., lack of federal guidance, heavy metal content, etc.) have resulted in inconsistent management requirements among several states and uncertainty about beneficial utilization of the residues. Heavy metal content and leaching of these metals (especially in the TCLP test) is most often cited as the reasons the material should be managed as a hazardous waste. If not managed properly, contamination of ground water by leaching of soluble salts from the ashes may also be a concern. The United States lags behind some countries in ash utilization. Although research and demonstration projects have indicated that the ashes can be beneficially utilized, less than 5% of the ashes are utilized in the United States. Other countries, including Denmark, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Japan are further advanced in ash utilization and in establishment of a systematic process for evaluating and selecting disposal and utilization options. This paper discusses ash characteristics, the state of ash management in the United States, federal initiatives, results of laboratory and field characterization of leachates from the ashes, barriers to ash utilization in the United States, and international perspectives. RP Wiles, CC (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 26 TC 137 Z9 144 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 47 IS 1-3 BP 325 EP 344 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(95)00120-4 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UE771 UT WOS:A1996UE77100018 ER PT J AU Zaworski, J Welty, JR Palmer, BJ Drost, MK AF Zaworski, J Welty, JR Palmer, BJ Drost, MK TI Comparison of experiment with monte carlo simulations on a reflective gap using a detailed surface properties model SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TRANSFER SIMULATION AB The spatial distribution of light through a rectangular gap bounded by highly reflective, diffuse surfaces was measured and compared with the results of Monte Carlo simulations. Incorporating radians properties for real surfaces into a Monte Carlo code was seen to be a significant problem; a number of techniques for accomplishing this are discussed. Independent results are reported for measured values of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function over incident polar angles from 0 to 90 deg for a semidiffuse surface treatment (Krylon(TM) flat white spray paint). The inclusion of this information into a Monte Carlo simulation yielded various levels of agreement with experimental results. The poorest agreement occurred when the incident radiation was at a grazing angle with respect to the surface and the reflectance was nearly specular. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP Zaworski, J (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT MECH ENGN, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 1996 VL 118 IS 2 BP 388 EP 393 DI 10.1115/1.2825856 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA UQ310 UT WOS:A1996UQ31000015 ER PT J AU Rose, TP Davisson, ML Criss, RE AF Rose, TP Davisson, ML Criss, RE TI Isotope hydrology of voluminous cold springs in fractured rock from an active volcanic region, northeastern California SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; C-13/C-12 RATIOS; SOIL; GROUNDWATER; EVOLUTION; PLANTS; STRIPA; WATER; O-18 AB The more than 1550 km(2) (600 mi(2)) Hat Creek Basin in northeastern California is host to several first magnitude cold springs that emanate from Quaternary basaltic rocks with individual discharge rates ranging from 1.7 to 8.5 m(3) s(-1) (60-300 ft(3) s(-1)). Stable isotope (delta(18)O, delta D, delta(13)C) and C-14 measurements of surface and groundwater samples were used to identify recharge areas, and to evaluate aquifer residence times and flow paths. Recharge locations were constrained from the regional decrement in meteoric water delta(18)O values as a function of elevation, determined to be -0.23 parts per thousand per 100 m for small springs and creek waters collected along the western Cascade slope of this region. In general, the large-volume springs are lower in delta(18)O than surrounding meteoric waters, and are inferred to originate in high-elevation, high-precipitation regions up to 50 km away from their discharge points. Large spring C-14 abundances range from 99 to 41% modern carbon (pmc), and most show evidence of interaction with three distinct carbon isotope reservoirs. These reservoirs are tentatively identified as (1) soil CO2 gas equilibrated under open system conditions with groundwater in the recharge zone [delta(13)C(DIC) approximate to -18 parts per thousand, C-14 greater than or equal to 100 pmc], (2) dissolved carbon equilibrated with atmospheric CO2 gas [delta(13)C(DIC) approximate to +1 parts per thousand, C-14 greater than or equal to 100 pmc], and (3) dissolved carbon derived from volcanic CO2 gas emissions [delta(13)C(DIC) approximate to 0 parts per thousand, C-14=0 pmc]. Many regional waters show a decrease in C-14 abundance with increasing delta(13)C values, a pattern indicative of interaction with dead carbon originating from volcanic CO2 gas. Several lines of evidence suggest that actual groundwater residence times are too short (less than or equal to 200 years) to apply radiocarbon dating corrections. In particular, water temperatures measured at springs show that deep groundwater circulation does not occur, which implies an insufficient aquifer volume to account for both the high discharge rates and long residence times suggested by C-14 apparent ages. The large springs also exhibit rapid decreases in flow during periods of drought that suggests a high level of aquifer interconnectivity to the recharge area. The estimated amount of volcanic CO2 dissolved in surface and groundwater originating from the Lassen highlands is consistent with the conversion of approximately 10% of the geothermal CO2 flux into dissolved inorganic carbon. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT GEOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. RP Rose, TP (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,ISOTOPE SCI DIV,POB 808,L-231,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 70 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 179 IS 1-4 BP 207 EP 236 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(95)02832-3 PG 30 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA UN807 UT WOS:A1996UN80700011 ER PT J AU Bennett, TA Lynam, EB Sklar, LA Rogelj, S AF Bennett, TA Lynam, EB Sklar, LA Rogelj, S TI Hydroxamate-based metalloprotease inhibitor blocks shedding of L-selectin adhesion molecule from leukocytes - Functional consequences for neutrophil aggregation SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE EXPRESSION; CD11B/CD18 MAC-1; RECEPTORS; CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES; ADHERENCE; PROTEIN; RELEASE; BLOOD AB L-selectin is an adhesion molecule that mediates the recruitment of neutrophils to inflammatory sites and initiates the migration of lymphocytes into the peripheral lymph nodes. In response to cell activation, L-selectin is shed from the cell surface, and altered levels of functional soluble L-selectin are detected in the plasma of patients suffering from numerous inflammatory diseases as well as AIDS. The mechanism that regulates L-selectin shedding is poorly understood, Here we show that a hydroxamate-based metalloprotease inhibitor, N-{D,L-[2-(hydroxyaminocarbonyl)-methyl]-4-methylpentano}-L-3-(tert-butyl)-alanyl-L-alanine, 2-aminoethyl amide, which blocks leukocyte TNF, TNF receptor, and IL-6 receptor release, also inhibits L-selectin shedding from neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes, Moreover, we show that such inhibition of L-selectin shedding profoundly affects neutrophil aggregation and permits reaggregation in the presence of a heterologous stimulus. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,CANC RES & TREATMENT CTR,DEPT PATHOL,DIV CYTOMETRY,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,NATL FLOW CYTOMETRY RESOURCE,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR01315]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM37696] NR 60 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 156 IS 9 BP 3093 EP 3097 PG 5 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA UF742 UT WOS:A1996UF74200001 PM 8617927 ER PT J AU Schreuders, PD Kassis, JN Cole, KW Schneider, U Mahowald, AP Mazur, P AF Schreuders, PD Kassis, JN Cole, KW Schneider, U Mahowald, AP Mazur, P TI The kinetics of embryo drying in Drosophila melanogaster as a function of the steps in permeabilization: Experimental SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Drosophila melanogaster; water and solids content; permeabilization protocol; membrane permeability; embryo dehydration ID EGGS; CRYOPRESERVATION AB The Drosophila embryo is surrounded by an outer chorion and an inner vitelline membrane that are an effective barrier to the movement of water, The chorion can be removed by 2.5% hypochlorite (1), If surface water is then removed by isopropanol (2), the vitelline membrane can be rendered permeable to water by heptane containing 0.3% 1-butanol (3), Here, we determined quantitatively the effects of these three steps on the permeability of the embryo to water, Permeability was assessed by exposing embryos to air at 22-23 degrees C and approx, 56% r.h. and determining weight loss with time, We also determined the effect of the three permeabilization steps on the water and solids contents of the embryos initially, after equilibration with air, and after complete drying, The intact embryo contains 76% (w/w) water and 24% solids, The successive permeabilization steps produce small increases in the former and small decreases in the latter, Intact embryos require 5-12 h to lose half their water, the longer times being applicable to older embryos. After permeabilization steps (1), (1)+(2), and (1)+(2)+(3) the times for 50% water loss decrease to 1.6, 1.9, and 0.1 h, respectively, Copyright (C) 1996 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,FUNDAMENTAL & APPL CRYOBIOL GRP,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. EARLHAM COLL,RICHMOND,IN 47374. DEUTSCH INST REPROD MED GMBH,D-31848 BAD MUNDER,GERMANY. UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT MOLEC GENET & CELL BIOL,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RP Schreuders, PD (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,OAK RIDGE GRAD SCH BIOMED SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN, USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 42 IS 5 BP 501 EP 516 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(95)00122-0 PG 16 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA UT455 UT WOS:A1996UT45500010 ER PT J AU Ma, KZ Kotler, DP Wang, J Thornton, JC Ma, RM Pierson, RN AF Ma, KZ Kotler, DP Wang, J Thornton, JC Ma, RM Pierson, RN TI Reliability of in vivo neutron activation analysis for measuring body composition: Comparisons with tracer dilution and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry SO JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-ABSORPTIOMETRY; INVIVO DETERMINATION; EXTRACELLULAR FLUID; FAT; WATER; BONE; MASS; CALIBRATION; VOLUME; NITROGEN AB In vivo neutron activation (IVNA) analysis has the capacity to measure several total body elements in human subjects. Although it has been considered a criterion method for the past 3 decades, the reliability of IVNA analysis has been tested only in phantom calibrations. In 5 male weight-stable patients with AIDS, total body N, Ca, CI, Na, P, and C were measured three times in 16 weeks at Brookhaven National Laboratory. With tracer dilution methods for total body water (TBW) by (H2O)-H-3 and for extracellular water (ECW) by (SO4)-S-35 and NaBr, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), total body calcium (TBCa) and fat percentage were measured within 2 weeks of IVNA measurements. For comparison, tracer dilution for TBW by D2O and ECW by NaBr, plus DXA measurements, were performed three times in 5 weight-stable healthy volunteers. The reliability of the IVNA technique was very high in patients with AIDS; it ranged from 0.99 for total body chloride (TBCl) to 0.84 for total body phosphorus (TBP), and it agreed with phantom calibration results in the literature. The reliability for measuring fat percentage and TBCa by DXA was similar in patients with AIDS and in healthy volunteers. Tracer dilution for measuring TBW by (H2O)-H-3 in patients with AIDS and by D2O in healthy volunteers had a reliability score similar to those found with IVNA and DXA. The reliability scores for measuring ECW in patients with AIDS by (SO4)-S-35 and NaBr, 0.66 and 0.68, respectively, were the lowest among all measurements, whereas the reliability score for NaBr in healthy volunteers was 0.96, as with the other measurements. C1 ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP, BODY COMPOSIT UNIT, DEPT MED, NEW YORK, NY 10025 USA. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK 37352, P01 DK 42618] NR 54 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-2143 J9 J LAB CLIN MED JI J. Lab. Clin. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 127 IS 5 BP 420 EP 427 DI 10.1016/S0022-2143(96)90058-X PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Medical Laboratory Technology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA UJ105 UT WOS:A1996UJ10500005 PM 8621978 ER PT J AU Bielicki, JK Forte, TM McCall, MR AF Bielicki, JK Forte, TM McCall, MR TI Minimally oxidized LDL is a potent inhibitor of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lipid peroxidation; inhibition of LCAT activity; crosslinking of apoA-I; reverse cholesterol transport; early atherogenesis ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN-1; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; OXIDATIVE MODIFICATION; FOAM CELLS; METABOLISM; PLASMA; MACROPHAGES AB The oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDL) has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. As a variety of highly reactive lipid peroxidation products can transfer from oxidized LDL to HDL, we evaluated the potential deleterious effects of LDL oxidation on HDL-cholesterol metabolism. To address this issue, we exposed the HDL-containing d>1.063 g/ml fraction of human plasma to copper-oxidized LDL and assessed lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) structure. To determine whether LCAT was directly affected by oxidized LDL, independent of crosslinking of apoA-I, we used an exogenous, [C-14] cholesterol-labeled proteoliposome substrate to measure plasma LCAT activity. We observed an inhibition of LCAT activity where copper-oxidized LDL possessing only 2.3 +/- 0.1 and 7.4 +/- 1.4 TBARS produced 24 +/- 3% and 47 +/- 10% reductions in [C-14] cholesterol esterification by 1 h, respectively. Copper-oxidized LDL that had been passed through a GF-5 desalting column, while retaining only one-third of its original TBARS, possessed nearly all of its LCAT inhibitory capacity suggesting that the LCAT inhibitory factor(s) was a lipophilic oxidation product. Analysis of polar lipids isolated from copper-oxidized LDL indicated that phospholipid and sterol fractions effectively inhibited LCAT. Copper-oxidized LDL, with as little as 6.3 TBARS, also produced intermolecular crosslinking of apoA-I molecules. Taken together, these data suggest that products of LDL oxidation may adversely affect HDL-cholesterol metabolism by two separate mechanisms: 1) a direct inhibitory effect on LCAT activity and 2) through crosslinking of apoA-I. If occurring in vivo, minimally oxidized LDL may impair cholesteryl ester formation on HDL thereby limiting the ability of HDL to function to function efficiently in the putative antiatherogenic reverse cholesterol transport pathway.-Bielicki, J. K., T. M. Forte, and M. R. Mc Call. Minimally oxidized LDL is a potent inhibitor of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity. RP Bielicki, JK (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL07279, HL18574] NR 54 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1012 EP 1021 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA UP058 UT WOS:A1996UP05800009 PM 8725153 ER PT J AU Forte, TM Bielicki, JK Knoff, L McCall, MR AF Forte, TM Bielicki, JK Knoff, L McCall, MR TI Structural relationships between nascent apoA-I-containing particles that are extracellularly assembled in cell culture SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE apoA-I; extracellular assembly of HDL; nascent HDL; pre-alpha HDL; Chinese hamster ovary cells ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; CHOLESTEROL EFFLUX; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; HUMAN-PLASMA; ACYLTRANSFERASE; SUBPOPULATIONS; MACROPHAGES; FIBROBLASTS AB Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) incubated with CHO cells assembles three major nascent lipid complexes two diameters of 7.3, 9, and 11 nm. Previous studies suggested that the smaller nascent particles were precursors for the larger nascent ones. To test this hypothesis, the 7.3, 9, and 11 nm apoA-I-lipid complexes formed by incubating CHO cells with lipid-free apoA-I were isolated and subsequently each subpopulation was re-incubated with cells in the absence of other subpopulations. The physical-chemical characteristics of each subpopulation were examined before and after re-incubation in an effort to understand relationships; if any, between the different nascent complexes. The 7.3, 9, and 11 nm complexes were unique in that each of the particles had pre-alpha mobility on agarose gels; this rapid migration was not altered by re-incubation with cells. Protein crosslinking studies indicated that the 7.3, 9, and 11 nm complexes possessed 2, 3, and 4 apoA-I molecules per complex, respectively; it is unlikely that the size of the particle and number of apoA-I molecules per particle played a role in the increased negative charge of the particles. The present study shows that smaller particles did not give rise to larger ones upon re-incubation with cells. Rather, the 11 and 9 nm particles both generated smaller discs (the 11 nm giving rise primarily to 9 nm discs and the 9 nm complex giving rise to 7.3 nm discs) suggesting that, during incubation with cells, the complexes are destabilized and remodeled into smaller, not larger, complexes. Surprisingly, the 7.3 nm complexes during re-incubation with cells were extremely stable and did not undergo size alteration. When the 7.3 nm particles were incubated with additional small quantities of lipid-free apoA-I (1-2 mu g/ml), larger discoidal complexes were generated suggesting that the formation of larger particles may be driven by the availability of lipid-free apoA-I;-Forte, T. M., J. K., Bielicki, L. Knoff, and M. R. McCall. Structural relationships between nascent apoA-1-containing particles that are extracellularly assembled in cell culture. RP Forte, TM (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DEPT MOLEC & NUCL MED,DIV LIFE SCI,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 18574] NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1076 EP 1085 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA UP058 UT WOS:A1996UP05800015 PM 8725159 ER PT J AU Bernardi, J Hutten, A Thomas, G AF Bernardi, J Hutten, A Thomas, G TI Electron microscopy of giant magnetoresistive granular Au-Co alloys SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Magnetic Materials and Applications Conference (EMMA 95) CY SEP 04-08, 1995 CL TU VIENNA, VIENNA, AUSTRIA HO TU VIENNA DE microstructure; TEM; magnetic properties; Au-Co; GMR AB The microstructure and the magnetic properties of melt-spun Au100-xCox(x=6.5, 16.7, 28.4) were investigated. The eutectic decomposition allows one to synthesize a lamellar microstructure. Changes of the size distribution and shape of the Co precipitates during annealing influence the magnetic behavior and the transport properties of the investigated samples. C1 VIENNA TECH UNIV, INST APPL & TECH PHYS, A-1040 VIENNA, AUSTRIA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP Bernardi, J (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT MAT SCI & MINERAL ENGN, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RI Hutten, Andreas/B-3524-2011 NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 157 BP 153 EP 155 DI 10.1016/0304-8853(95)01022-X PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA VH016 UT WOS:A1996VH01600070 ER PT J AU Lunedei, E Matteucci, G Frost, BG Greve, J AF Lunedei, E Matteucci, G Frost, BG Greve, J TI Observation of the stray field of thin film magnetic tips using electron holography SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Magnetic Materials and Applications Conference (EMMA 95) CY SEP 04-08, 1995 CL TU VIENNA, VIENNA, AUSTRIA HO TU VIENNA DE magnetic probes; leakage fields; electron holography AB The stray field around thin film ferromagnetic tips employed for magnetic force microscopy has been revealed using electron holography. The experimental phase difference maps are in good agreement with simulations. Quantitative flux measurements of the leakage field are obtained. C1 UNIV BOLOGNA, DEPT PHYS, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. UNIV BOLOGNA, INFM, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, HIGH TEMP MAT LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. UNIV TWENTE, DEPT PHYS, APPL OPT GRP, NL-7500 AE ENSCHEDE, NETHERLANDS. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 157 BP 434 EP 435 DI 10.1016/0304-8853(95)01140-4 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA VH016 UT WOS:A1996VH01600196 ER PT J AU Fak, B Vettier, C Flouquet, J Bourdarot, F Raymond, S Verniere, A Lejay, P Boutrouille, P Bernhoeft, NR Bramwell, ST Fisher, RA Phillips, NE AF Fak, B Vettier, C Flouquet, J Bourdarot, F Raymond, S Verniere, A Lejay, P Boutrouille, P Bernhoeft, NR Bramwell, ST Fisher, RA Phillips, NE TI Influence of sample quality on the magnetic properties of URu2Si2 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE antiferromagnetism; heavy-fermion systems; neutron scattering ID ELECTRON SUPERCONDUCTOR URU2SI2; RANGE ANTIFERROMAGNETIC ORDER; FERMION SYSTEM URU2SI2; HEAVY; TRANSITIONS; EXCITATIONS; SCATTERING; UPT3 AB The influence of the sample quality on the magnetic properties of the heavy-fermion superconductor URu2Si2 has been studied by neutron scattering, specific heat, electrical resistivity, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Two single crystals prepared under identical conditions received different heat treatments. One crystal was annealed, the other was used as-grown. While the macroscopic properties and the magnetic excitations are essentially the same for the two crystals, the magnetic Bragg peak intensity have completely different temperature dependences. Despite this, the low-temperature magnetic moment is iidentical for the two samples, showing that the small moment of 0.023(3) mu(B) is intrinsic. The finite correlation length (similar to 500 Angstrom) appears to be related to defects. We discuss the relevance of itinerant versus localized behavior of the 5f electrons responsible for the magnetism, and the possibility of two successive phase transitions. C1 EUROPEAN SYNCHROTRON RADIAT FACIL, F-38043 GRENOBLE, FRANCE. CNRS, CTR RECH TRES BASSES TEMP, F-38042 GRENOBLE 9, FRANCE. CTR ETUD SACLAY, LAB LEON BRILLOUIN, F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE, FRANCE. UCL, DEPT CHEM, CHRISTOPHER INGOLD LABS, LONDON WC1H 0AJ, ENGLAND. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, MSD, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP Fak, B (reprint author), CEA GRENOBLE, SPSMS, DEPT RECH FONDAMENTALE MAT CONDENSEE, 17 RUE MARTYRS, F-38054 GRENOBLE 9, FRANCE. NR 37 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 154 IS 3 BP 339 EP 350 DI 10.1016/0304-8853(95)00617-6 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA UU484 UT WOS:A1996UU48400007 ER PT J AU McHale, JM McIntyre, PC Sickafus, KE Coppa, NV AF McHale, JM McIntyre, PC Sickafus, KE Coppa, NV TI Nanocrystalline BaTiO3 from freeze-dried nitrate solutions SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB An aqueous, all nitrate, solution-based preparation of BaTiO3 is reported here. Rapid freezing of a barium and titanyl nitrate solution, followed by low temperature sublimitation of the solvent, yielded a freeze-dried nitrate precursor which was thermally processed to produce BaTiO3. XRD revealed that 10 min at temperatures greater than or equal to 600 degrees C resulted in the formation of phase pure nanocrystalline BaTiO3. TEM revealed that the material was uniform and nanocrystalline (10-15 nm). The high surface to volume ratio inherent in these small particles stabilized the cubic phase of BaTiO3 at room temperature. It was also found that the average particle size of the BaTiO3 produced was highly dependent upon calcination temperature and only slightly dependent upon annealing time. This result suggests a means of selection of particle size of the product through judicious choice of calcination temperature. The experimental details of the freeze-dried precursor preparation, thermal processing of the precursor, product formation, and product morphology are discussed. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 7 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1199 EP 1209 DI 10.1557/JMR.1996.0154 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA UJ639 UT WOS:A1996UJ63900024 ER PT J AU Kassner, ME Weber, FJ Koike, J Rosen, RS AF Kassner, ME Weber, FJ Koike, J Rosen, RS TI Structural and residual stress changes in Mo/a-Si multilayer thin films with annealing SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; ENERGY BARRIER; RELAXATION; KINETICS; SILICON; GROWTH; GE AB The thermal and mechanical stability of molybdenum and amorphous silicon (Mo/a-Si) optical multilayers (3 and 4 nm nominal thickness of Mo and Si) at 316 degrees C were studied by annealing experiments. Growth of amorphous Mo-Si interlayers with a stoichiometry of 1:2 was observed at the Mo/a-Si interfaces. In addition, residual stresses significantly changed in the crystalline Mo and amorphous Si layers with annealing. High resolution electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and X-ray diffraction of the crystalline Mo revealed that tensile stresses increased from 2 to about 10 GPa in the lateral direction (parallel to the interface plane). The compressive strains that developed in the vertical direction (perpendicular to the interface plane) are consistent with Poisson's ratio. Laser deflectometer measurements of thicker (0.1 mu m) amorphous silicon layers may indicate compressive-stress relaxation in the amorphous silicon with annealing, consistent with other investigations. Overall, the residual stress in a 40-bilayer film changes from about -0.5 to about +1.5 GPa. Structural transformation after relatively short annealing times at the interfaces in the thin amorphous Mo-Si interlayers may rationalize increased tensile strains in the Mo layers. C1 TOHOKU UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI,SENDAI,MIYAGI 980,JAPAN. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Kassner, ME (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2291 EP 2299 DI 10.1007/BF01152937 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA UL310 UT WOS:A1996UL31000007 ER PT J AU Unal, O AF Unal, O TI Cyclic tensile stress-strain behaviour of SiC/SiC composites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; FATIGUE RP Unal, O (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,MET & CERAM PROGRAM,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 15 IS 9 BP 789 EP 791 DI 10.1007/BF00274605 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA UL309 UT WOS:A1996UL30900016 ER PT J AU Gjaja, I AF Gjaja, I TI Computation of Lie transformations from a power series: Bounds and optimum truncation SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HAMILTONIAN PERTURBATION-THEORY AB The problem considered is the computation of an infinite product (composition) of Lie transformations generated by homogeneous polynomials of increasing order from a given asymptotic power series. Bounds are computed for the infinitesimal form of the Lie transformations and for the domain of analyticity of the first n of them. Even when the power series is convergent, the estimates exhibit a factorial-type growth, and thus do not guarantee convergence of the product. The optimum truncation is determined by minimizing the remainder after the first ra Lie transformations have been applied. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR NONLINEAR STUDIES,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Gjaja, I (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 BP 2457 EP 2471 DI 10.1063/1.531520 PG 15 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA UH888 UT WOS:A1996UH88800023 ER PT J AU Kehrmeyer, SR Applegate, BM Pinkart, HC Hedrick, DB White, DC Sayler, GS AF Kehrmeyer, SR Applegate, BM Pinkart, HC Hedrick, DB White, DC Sayler, GS TI Combined lipid/DNA extraction method for environmental samples SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on the Interface Between Analytical Chemistry and Microbiology - Analytical Chemistry in Environmental Toxicology CY MAR 12-15, 1995 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP US DOE, Dept Navy, Off Naval Res, Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol DE DNA; lipid; microbial community; soil ID DNA; SOIL; SEDIMENTS; NAPHTHALENE; SEQUENCES; COMMUNITY; BACTERIA; PROBE; GENES AB Previously, separate methods have been developed for the extraction and purification of lipids and DNA from soils and sediments. This paper describes a new method for the isolation of both lipids and DNA from the same environmental sample. This combined method is based on the Bligh and Dyer lipid extraction technique. Upon phase separation, lipids partition into the organic phase and DNA partitions into the aqueous phase. DNA extraction and recovery from the solid phase is necessary under certain conditions. Preliminary experiments performed with P-32-labeled DNA in the absence of soil showed that greater than 98% of the total DNA was present in the aqueous phase after the modified Bligh and Dyer extraction. Analysis of the DNA by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography demonstrated that no degradation of DNA occurred during the lipid extraction procedure. Lipid extraction of lyophilized cells showed that DNA was released from Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis cells corresponding to 26+/-5 and 14+/-4% of the theoretical DNA yield, respectively. The combined lipid/DNA extraction method was applied to both lyophilized cells and wet cells added to soil. Analysis by DNA:DNA hybridization showed that approx. 40-50% of the DNA from cells added to soil was recovered after lipid extraction relative to samples treated only with conventional DNA extraction. Estimation of cell number per gram soil based on either lipid or DNA analysis showed good agreement with actual numbers added based on plate counts of the inocula. DNA extracts from samples which had been lipid-extracted also had lower amounts of humic material. Although some DNA was not recovered after lipid extraction, that which was recovered was of sufficiently high quality for hybridization analysis, This method shows utility for the co-recovery of both lipids and DNA from a single sample; this is particularly useful when a small sample size is all that is available or procurable. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,CTR ENVIRONM BIOTECHNOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37932. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT MICROBIOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37932. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,ESD,OAK RIDGE,TN 37931. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD MAY PY 1996 VL 25 IS 2 BP 153 EP 163 DI 10.1016/0167-7012(95)00094-1 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA UV685 UT WOS:A1996UV68500006 ER PT J AU Mulvey, M Newman, MC Beeby, AN AF Mulvey, M Newman, MC Beeby, AN TI Genetic and conchological comparison of snails (Helix aspersa) differing in shell deposition of lead SO JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; ALLOZYME GENOTYPE; MERCURY; MOSQUITOFISH; ADAPTATION; COLLEMBOLA; EXPOSURE; MULLER AB Populations of snails inhabiting areas with different histories of Pb contamination differed in their deposition of Pb in shell relative to soft tissues. Genetic variation, measured using isozymes, was not related to Pb history nor geographic distance between populations. Shell characteristics were significantly different among sites; shell dry weight was strongly related to soil calcium levels. Shells of snails from areas with long histories of Pb contamination were significantly more robust (greater shell width/shell height ratio) than snails from other locations. H. aspersa adaptation to Pb contamination may involve significant changes in shell characteristics but these do not correlate with genetic traits assessed with allozymes. C1 POLYTECH S BANK,SCH APPL SCI,LONDON SE1 0AA,ENGLAND. RP Mulvey, M (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29802, USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0260-1230 J9 J MOLLUS STUD JI J. Molluscan Stud. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 62 BP 213 EP 223 DI 10.1093/mollus/62.2.213 PN 2 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA UM262 UT WOS:A1996UM26200007 ER PT J AU Lips, K Lerner, C Fuhs, W AF Lips, K Lerner, C Fuhs, W TI Semiclassical model of electrically detected magnetic resonance in undoped a-Si:H SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Amorphous Semiconductors - Science and Technology (ICAS 16) CY SEP 04-08, 1995 CL KOBE, JAPAN SP IUPAP, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, Kobe City, New Energy & Ind Technol Dev Org, AIST MITI, New Sunshine Project Org, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Murata Sci Fdn, Commun Ind Assoc Japan, Japan Automobile Manufacturers Assoc Inc, Japan Federat Construct Contractors Inc, Real Estate Co Assoc Japan, Japan Non Govt Railways Assoc, Tokyo Bankers Assoc Inc, Reg Banks Assoc Japan, Trust Co Assoc Japan, Life Insurance Assoc Japan, Marine & Fire Insurance Assoc Japan Inc, Japan Secur Dealers Assoc, Foreign Trade Council Inc, Japan Iron & Steel Federat, Federat Elect Power Co, Japan Gas Assoc, Petr Assoc Japan, Japan Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Electr Ind Assoc Japan ID SPIN-DEPENDENT PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; RECOMBINATION AB A simple model for spin-dependent photoconductivity is presented based on rate equations for the density of spin pairs in singlet and triplet configuration. The pairs are formed by electrons localized in the conduction band tail and neutral dangling bonds (e-D degrees). We take into consideration thermally induced pair dissociation, spontaneous and microwave-induced spin flips and recombination by non-radiative tunneling from band tails into dangling bonds, Our model explains, satisfactorily, changes in line shape and the dependence of the signal intensity on defect density and microwave power. We conclude that tunneling dominates recombination even at 300 K, This recombination predominantly involves shallow band tail states. C1 UNIV MARBURG,FACHBEREICH PHYS,D-35032 MARBURG,GERMANY. NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. UNIV MARBURG,WISSENSCH ZENTRUM MAT WISSENSCH,D-35032 MARBURG,GERMANY. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD MAY PY 1996 VL 200 BP 267 EP 270 PN 1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA UW192 UT WOS:A1996UW19200063 ER PT J AU Branz, HM Bullock, J Asher, S Gleskova, H Wagner, S AF Branz, HM Bullock, J Asher, S Gleskova, H Wagner, S TI On the lack of observable light-induced H diffusion near room temperature SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Amorphous Semiconductors - Science and Technology (ICAS 16) CY SEP 04-08, 1995 CL KOBE, JAPAN SP IUPAP, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, Kobe City, New Energy & Ind Technol Dev Org, AIST MITI, New Sunshine Project Org, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Murata Sci Fdn, Commun Ind Assoc Japan, Japan Automobile Manufacturers Assoc Inc, Japan Federat Construct Contractors Inc, Real Estate Co Assoc Japan, Japan Non Govt Railways Assoc, Tokyo Bankers Assoc Inc, Reg Banks Assoc Japan, Trust Co Assoc Japan, Life Insurance Assoc Japan, Marine & Fire Insurance Assoc Japan Inc, Japan Secur Dealers Assoc, Foreign Trade Council Inc, Japan Iron & Steel Federat, Federat Elect Power Co, Japan Gas Assoc, Petr Assoc Japan, Japan Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Electr Ind Assoc Japan ID HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS-SILICON; DEUTERIUM AB A 5-day, high-intensity (9 W cm(-2)), red-light soak of a-Si:H at 65 degrees C yields no detectable H diffusion in a tracer experiment. A new upper bound to the light-induced diffusion coefficient at a temperature so low that thermal diffusion is negligible is found. The null result found here is incompatible with models in which H emission from Si-H bonds is proportional at all times to both the light intensity and the metastable defect creation rate. However, this result is compatible with the model proposed by Santos et al. in which both H emission and metastable defect creation are proportional to the product of the free electron and hole densities, In this model, this result implies that fewer than 500 H emissions occur per created metastable defect. C1 PRINCETON UNIV, DEPT ELECT ENGN, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. RP Branz, HM (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB, GOLDEN, CO 80401 USA. RI Gleskova, Helena /J-1597-2015 OI Gleskova, Helena /0000-0001-7195-9639 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD MAY PY 1996 VL 200 BP 441 EP 444 PN 1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA UW192 UT WOS:A1996UW19200103 ER PT J AU Vanecek, M Fric, J Poruba, A Mahan, AH Crandall, RS AF Vanecek, M Fric, J Poruba, A Mahan, AH Crandall, RS TI Influence of annealing above the deposition temperature on metastability in amorphous silicon SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Amorphous Semiconductors - Science and Technology (ICAS 16) CY SEP 04-08, 1995 CL KOBE, JAPAN SP IUPAP, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, Kobe City, New Energy & Ind Technol Dev Org, AIST MITI, New Sunshine Project Org, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Murata Sci Fdn, Commun Ind Assoc Japan, Japan Automobile Manufacturers Assoc Inc, Japan Federat Construct Contractors Inc, Real Estate Co Assoc Japan, Japan Non Govt Railways Assoc, Tokyo Bankers Assoc Inc, Reg Banks Assoc Japan, Trust Co Assoc Japan, Life Insurance Assoc Japan, Marine & Fire Insurance Assoc Japan Inc, Japan Secur Dealers Assoc, Foreign Trade Council Inc, Japan Iron & Steel Federat, Federat Elect Power Co, Japan Gas Assoc, Petr Assoc Japan, Japan Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Electr Ind Assoc Japan ID SI-H; DEFECTS AB We have examined a thermally induced increase in the metastable defect density in a series of amorphous hydrogenated silicon samples deposited by the hot wire technique with different bonded hydrogen content. We observed a correlation between the excess defect density as measured after light soaking and as measured after thermal quenching. When the small H content (1-4 at.%) samples with reduced metastability were annealed to above their deposition temperatures, they then displayed a significantly increased metastable defect density compared to their original values. We suggest that the microstructure of amorphous silicon determines the magnitude of metastability. C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB, GOLDEN, CO 80401 USA. TECH UNIV, FAC CHEM, CR-63700 BRNO, CZECH REPUBLIC. RP Vanecek, M (reprint author), ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBL, INST PHYS, CUKROVARNICKA 10, CZ-16200 PRAGUE 6, CZECH REPUBLIC. RI Poruba, Ales/H-2497-2014; Vanecek, Milan/H-1995-2014 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD MAY PY 1996 VL 200 BP 478 EP 481 PN 1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA UW192 UT WOS:A1996UW19200112 ER PT J AU Lips, K Unold, T Xu, Y Crandall, RS AF Lips, K Unold, T Xu, Y Crandall, RS TI Emission limited filling of deep defects in transient capacitance experiments SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Amorphous Semiconductors - Science and Technology (ICAS 16) CY SEP 04-08, 1995 CL KOBE, JAPAN SP IUPAP, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, Kobe City, New Energy & Ind Technol Dev Org, AIST MITI, New Sunshine Project Org, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Murata Sci Fdn, Commun Ind Assoc Japan, Japan Automobile Manufacturers Assoc Inc, Japan Federat Construct Contractors Inc, Real Estate Co Assoc Japan, Japan Non Govt Railways Assoc, Tokyo Bankers Assoc Inc, Reg Banks Assoc Japan, Trust Co Assoc Japan, Life Insurance Assoc Japan, Marine & Fire Insurance Assoc Japan Inc, Japan Secur Dealers Assoc, Foreign Trade Council Inc, Japan Iron & Steel Federat, Federat Elect Power Co, Japan Gas Assoc, Petr Assoc Japan, Japan Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Electr Ind Assoc Japan AB The dependence of capacitance transients on the filling pulse length for a number of amorphous silicon Schottky devices grown with different back contact configurations were measured. If the depletion layers are only partially filled by partial voltage pulsing, anomalous capacitance transients can be observed on all samples regardless of the back contact or position of the Fermi level. Samples without an Ohmic back contact show a slowly rising capacitance transient during the defect filling phase. It is proposed that the defect filling on these samples is time-limited by emission either from the Fermi level in the bulk of the samples, or by emission over a barrier at the back contact. This proposal suggests that the anomalous capacitance emission transients for such samples are due to partial filling of the depletion layer, rather than to slow relaxation of defects upon charge capture. C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. OI Unold, Thomas/0000-0002-5750-0693 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD MAY PY 1996 VL 200 BP 525 EP 529 PN 1 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA UW192 UT WOS:A1996UW19200123 ER PT J AU Branz, HM Unold, T Fedders, PA AF Branz, HM Unold, T Fedders, PA TI Structural memory model of slow defect relaxation in hydrogenated amorphous silicon SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Amorphous Semiconductors - Science and Technology (ICAS 16) CY SEP 04-08, 1995 CL KOBE, JAPAN SP IUPAP, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, Kobe City, New Energy & Ind Technol Dev Org, AIST MITI, New Sunshine Project Org, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Murata Sci Fdn, Commun Ind Assoc Japan, Japan Automobile Manufacturers Assoc Inc, Japan Federat Construct Contractors Inc, Real Estate Co Assoc Japan, Japan Non Govt Railways Assoc, Tokyo Bankers Assoc Inc, Reg Banks Assoc Japan, Trust Co Assoc Japan, Life Insurance Assoc Japan, Marine & Fire Insurance Assoc Japan Inc, Japan Secur Dealers Assoc, Foreign Trade Council Inc, Japan Iron & Steel Federat, Federat Elect Power Co, Japan Gas Assoc, Petr Assoc Japan, Japan Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Electr Ind Assoc Japan AB Structural memory is a model of the timescales and energetics of defect structural relaxation after carrier capture in an amorphous solid. In this paper, an outline of the theory is given and the energetics of relaxation and the various pathways for carrier re-emission are discussed in detail. In the model, bond angle relaxation is rapid (picoseconds) after carrier capture as it is at most crystalline defects. However, complete structural relaxation at higher neighbors is far slower and can be reversible under some conditions. The structural memory model provides a physically reasonable, quantitative, explanation of recent anomalous transient capacitance data in hydrogenated amorphous silicon. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV, DEPT PHYS, ST LOUIS, MO 63130 USA. RP Branz, HM (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB, GOLDEN, CO 80401 USA. OI Unold, Thomas/0000-0002-5750-0693 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD MAY PY 1996 VL 200 BP 535 EP 539 PN 1 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA UW192 UT WOS:A1996UW19200125 ER PT J AU Lubianiker, Y Balberg, I Partee, J Shinar, J AF Lubianiker, Y Balberg, I Partee, J Shinar, J TI Porous silicon as a near-ideal disordered semiconductor SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Amorphous Semiconductors - Science and Technology (ICAS 16) CY SEP 04-08, 1995 CL KOBE, JAPAN SP IUPAP, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, Kobe City, New Energy & Ind Technol Dev Org, AIST MITI, New Sunshine Project Org, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Murata Sci Fdn, Commun Ind Assoc Japan, Japan Automobile Manufacturers Assoc Inc, Japan Federat Construct Contractors Inc, Real Estate Co Assoc Japan, Japan Non Govt Railways Assoc, Tokyo Bankers Assoc Inc, Reg Banks Assoc Japan, Trust Co Assoc Japan, Life Insurance Assoc Japan, Marine & Fire Insurance Assoc Japan Inc, Japan Secur Dealers Assoc, Foreign Trade Council Inc, Japan Iron & Steel Federat, Federat Elect Power Co, Japan Gas Assoc, Petr Assoc Japan, Japan Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Electr Ind Assoc Japan ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON; CONDUCTIVITY AB From the temperature dependence of the dark conductivity in porous silicon materials we find activation energies which are larger than half of the optical bandgap. The phototransport properties indicate a continuous conduction path through the tetrahedrally distorted shell of the links which form the porous silicon coral-like network. The results are interpreted in terms of a mobility gap which is due to disorder in the tetrahedral covalent network. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, US DOE, AMES LAB, AMES, IA 50011 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, AMES, IA 50011 USA. RP Lubianiker, Y (reprint author), HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM, RACAH INST PHYS, IL-91904 JERUSALEM, ISRAEL. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD MAY PY 1996 VL 198 BP 949 EP 952 DI 10.1016/0022-3093(96)00093-2 PN 2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA UX345 UT WOS:A1996UX34500081 ER PT J AU Bullock, JN Bechinger, C Benson, DK Branz, HM AF Bullock, JN Bechinger, C Benson, DK Branz, HM TI Semi-transparent a-SiC:H solar cells for self-powered photovoltaic-electrochromic devices SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Amorphous Semiconductors - Science and Technology (ICAS 16) CY SEP 04-08, 1995 CL KOBE, JAPAN SP IUPAP, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, Kobe City, New Energy & Ind Technol Dev Org, AIST MITI, New Sunshine Project Org, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Murata Sci Fdn, Commun Ind Assoc Japan, Japan Automobile Manufacturers Assoc Inc, Japan Federat Construct Contractors Inc, Real Estate Co Assoc Japan, Japan Non Govt Railways Assoc, Tokyo Bankers Assoc Inc, Reg Banks Assoc Japan, Trust Co Assoc Japan, Life Insurance Assoc Japan, Marine & Fire Insurance Assoc Japan Inc, Japan Secur Dealers Assoc, Foreign Trade Council Inc, Japan Iron & Steel Federat, Federat Elect Power Co, Japan Gas Assoc, Petr Assoc Japan, Japan Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Electr Ind Assoc Japan ID FILMS AB Self-powered 'smart' windows for active control of building heating and cooling represent a potential new market for amorphous-silicon based photovoltaics. Retrofit applications to existing windows are facilitated by the tandem photovoltaic-electrochromic (PV-EC) device, in which a wide-gap amorphous silicon-based alloy (a-SiC:H) photovoltaic cell is deposited together with an EC optical transmittance modulator in a monolithic coating on a single substrate. In this paper, studies of transparent wide-gap a-SiC:H thin-films and p-i-n cells designed for use in the PV-EC device are described. Using optimized a-SiC:H i-layer material, J(sc) of 3.9 mA/cm(2) and V-oc of 0.92 V is achieved, adequate to color our low-voltage Li-based EC devices in less than one minute, and good progress toward the required transparency is shown. RP Bullock, JN (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB, GOLDEN, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD MAY PY 1996 VL 198 BP 1163 EP 1167 DI 10.1016/0022-3093(96)00105-6 PN 2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA UX345 UT WOS:A1996UX34500131 ER PT J AU Lograsso, TA Haines, SA AF Lograsso, TA Haines, SA TI Determination of the liquidus surface in the quasicrystalline region of the Al-Cu-Ru system SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID ICOSAHEDRAL PHASE; ALLOYS AB The liquidus surface and primary phase regions surrounding the quasicrystalline region of the Al-Cu-Ru system have been studied to determine whether a composition exists which will produce single crystals using conventional crystal growth techniques, e.g., Bridgman or Czochralski techniques. The solidification sequences and microstructural evolution were examined for a wide range of compositions using differential thermal analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy and standard optical microscopy. Several ternary solidification reactions were identified and a liquidus surface has been proposed. It was determined that the alloys of quasicrystalline composition solidify incongruently through a series of peritectic reactions. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IPSCO INC,REGINA,SK S4P 3C7,CANADA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD MAY PY 1996 VL 197 IS 2-3 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1016/0022-3093(95)00617-6 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA UU657 UT WOS:A1996UU65700011 ER PT J AU Ishiyama, S Burchell, TD Strizak, JP Eto, M AF Ishiyama, S Burchell, TD Strizak, JP Eto, M TI The effect of high fluence neutron irradiation on the properties of a fine-grained isotropic nuclear graphite SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB A fine-grained isotropic nuclear graphite (IG-110), manufactured from a petroleum coke, was irradiated to a total neutron dose of 3.8 x 10(26) n/m(2) or 25 displacements per atom (dpa) at 600 degrees C in the high flux isotope reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The effect of irradiation and the influence of post-irradiation thermal annealing on the properties of the graphite were evaluated. Volume change turnaround was clearly observed at 15-20 dpa and the return to original volume (Delta V/V-0 = 0) can be estimated to occur at similar to 30 dpa. Strength and elastic moduli of the irradiated graphite increased by a factor of 2-3, and maximums in the sigma/sigma(0), and E/E(0) curves were at similar to 20 dpa at 600 degrees C. Recovery of volume, fracture strength and thermal conductivity by thermal annealing were found, and thermal conductivity returned to better than about 30% of the unirradiated value after 1200 degrees C thermal annealing. C1 JAPAN ATOM ENERGY INST,DEPT HIGH TEMP ENGN,TOKAI,IBARAKI 31911,JAPAN. RP Ishiyama, S (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Burchell, Tim/E-6566-2017 OI Burchell, Tim/0000-0003-1436-1192 NR 21 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 230 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/0022-3115(96)00005-0 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA UQ859 UT WOS:A1996UQ85900001 ER PT J AU Tracey, EM Smith, PA Morrey, EV AF Tracey, EM Smith, PA Morrey, EV TI Rheology of concentrated, heterogeneous slurries containing >1M electrolyte - A case study in nuclear waste suspensions SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSIONS; PARTICLES AB Neutralized current acid waste (NCAW) simulant was produced to chemically simulate the properties of the washed solids of a high-level waste stream generated from the reprocessing of irradiated nuclear fuel. The NCAW simulant was evaluated by viscosity, yield stress, solid loading, particle size, and anion and cation solubility. For similar solid loadings and pH, the NCAW simulant had higher yield stresses and viscosities than NCAW. The differences in the rheological behavior between NCAW and the simulant were attributed to differences in the suspension microstructure. The effects of formic and nitric acid additions to the NCAW simulant on yield stress and viscosity were measured as a function of solids loading and pH for both acids. In addition, anion and cation solubilities were evaluated. Viscosity and yield stress decreased as pH was lowered. The change in rheological properties was attributed to flee breakdown and particle dissolution, which were initiated by the solubilization of the waste constituents. These results show that the effectiveness of the simulant studied here is unproven rheologically. C1 PACIFIC NW NATL LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 230 IS 1 BP 19 EP 35 DI 10.1016/0022-3115(96)00025-6 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA UQ859 UT WOS:A1996UQ85900004 ER PT J AU Knapp, FFR Lin, Q Luo, H McPherson, DW Beets, AL Ambrose, KR Kropp, A AF Knapp, FFR Lin, Q Luo, H McPherson, DW Beets, AL Ambrose, KR Kropp, A TI Preparation and evaluation of 3-methyl isomers of 15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-methylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP): 3R-BMIPP shows greater heart uptake than 3S-BMIPP in rats. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,NUCL MED GRP,OAK RIDGE,TN. DEPT NUCL MED,DRESDEN,GERMANY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500014 ER PT J AU Ross, SG Welch, A Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH AF Ross, SG Welch, A Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH TI The effect of input function shape and image aquisition rate on the estimation of kinetic parameters for dynamic cardiac SPECT. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV UTAH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 23 EP 23 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500023 ER PT J AU Som, P Oster, AH Sharma, S Wang, J Strotman, NA Rhodes, BA AF Som, P Oster, AH Sharma, S Wang, J Strotman, NA Rhodes, BA TI A novel approach to infection imaging using a synthetic Tc-99m-labeled leukotactic peptide. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RHOMED INC,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 85 EP 85 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500085 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Logan, J Ding, YS Gatley, J Hitzemann, R Pappas, N AF Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Logan, J Ding, YS Gatley, J Hitzemann, R Pappas, N TI Decreases in dopamine receptors but not in dopamine transporters in alcoholics. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LABS,UPTON,NY 11973. SUNY STONY BROOK,STONY BROOK,NY 11786. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 122 EP 122 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500122 ER PT J AU Ding, YS Fowler, JS Volkow, ND Studebaker, R Pipolo, F AF Ding, YS Fowler, JS Volkow, ND Studebaker, R Pipolo, F TI Synthesis and positron emission tomographic (PET) baboon studies of [C-11]methadone and R-(-)-[C-11]methadone. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 151 EP 151 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500151 ER PT J AU Enas, JD Clark, RD VanBrocklin, HF Biegon, A Hanrahan, SM Budinger, TF AF Enas, JD Clark, RD VanBrocklin, HF Biegon, A Hanrahan, SM Budinger, TF TI Synthesis and biological evaluation of [F-18]RS-15385-FP: A potent and selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor radioligand for PET. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. ROCHE BIOSCI,PALO ALTO,CA. PHARMOS INC,REHOVOT,ISRAEL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 152 EP 152 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500152 ER PT J AU Levy, AV Volkow, ND Alexoff, D Logan, J Wang, GJ AF Levy, AV Volkow, ND Alexoff, D Logan, J Wang, GJ TI SPM95 sensitivity to size, intensity and asymmetry of brain activation/deactivation patterns. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 157 EP 157 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500157 ER PT J AU Eary, JF Krohn, KA Press, OW Fisher, D Bernstein, ID AF Eary, JF Krohn, KA Press, OW Fisher, D Bernstein, ID TI Radioimmunotherapy treatment planning based on radiation absorbed dose or patient size. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT RADIOL NUCL MED, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT MED, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 162 EP 162 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500162 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Gatley, SJ Ding, YS Logan, J Hitzemann, R Pappas, N Liberman, J AF Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Gatley, SJ Ding, YS Logan, J Hitzemann, R Pappas, N Liberman, J TI Relationship between dopamine transporter occupancy and methylphenidate induced high in humans. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT PSYCHIAT,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 168 EP 168 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500168 ER PT J AU Wang, GJ Volkow, ND Logan, J Hitzemann, RJ Pappas, N Pascani, K Fowler, JS AF Wang, GJ Volkow, ND Logan, J Hitzemann, RJ Pappas, N Pascani, K Fowler, JS TI Dopamine D2 receptor availability in opiate addicts at baseline and during naloxone precipitated withdrawal SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,UPTON,NY 11973. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT RADIOL,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT PSYCHIAT,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. VAMC,PSYCHIAT SERV,NORTHPORT,NY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 171 EP 171 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500171 ER PT J AU Solin, O Enas, JD Bergman, J Haaparanta, M VanBrocklin, HF Budinger, TF AF Solin, O Enas, JD Bergman, J Haaparanta, M VanBrocklin, HF Budinger, TF TI Synthesis of [F-18]fluoroatipamezole. Biodistribution in rats SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TURKU PET CTR,TURKU,FINLAND. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 196 EP 196 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500196 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, GT Swailem, FM Srivastava, SC Atkins, HL Simpson, LJ Walsh, TK Shah, JH Meinken, GE Mausner, LF AF Krishnamurthy, GT Swailem, FM Srivastava, SC Atkins, HL Simpson, LJ Walsh, TK Shah, JH Meinken, GE Mausner, LF TI Whole body and regional uptake and retention characteristics of Sn-117m (4+) DTPA by normal and metastatic bone in patients treated for bone pain palliation. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VET ADM MED CTR,TUCSON,AZ. UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 278 EP 278 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500278 ER PT J AU Sweet, MP Mease, RC Gestin, JF Meinken, GE Chatal, JF Srivastava, SC AF Sweet, MP Mease, RC Gestin, JF Meinken, GE Chatal, JF Srivastava, SC TI Improvements in the synthesis of the bifunctional chelating agent 4-ICE. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,UPTON,NY 11973. INSERM,UNIT 211,NANTES,FRANCE. RI GESTIN, Jean-Francois/M-1505-2015 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 280 EP 280 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500280 ER PT J AU Wang, GJ Volkow, ND Overall, J Hitzemann, RJ Pappas, N Pascani, K Fowler, JS AF Wang, GJ Volkow, ND Overall, J Hitzemann, RJ Pappas, N Pascani, K Fowler, JS TI Test-retest reproducibility for regional brain metabolic responses to lorazepam. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,UPTON,NY 11973. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT RADIOL,STONY BROOK,NY. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT PSYCHIAT,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT PSYCHIAT,HOUSTON,TX. VAMC,PSYCHIAT SERV,NORTHPORT,NY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 295 EP 295 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500295 ER PT J AU Moses, WW Derenzo, SE Ho, MH Andreaco, MS Paulus, MJ Nutt, R AF Moses, WW Derenzo, SE Ho, MH Andreaco, MS Paulus, MJ Nutt, R TI Performance of a PET detector module with LSO scintillator crystals and photodiode readout. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA. CTI PET SYST,KNOXVILLE,TN. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 329 EP 329 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500329 ER PT J AU Stabin, MG Evans, J Towson, J Eberl, S Turtle, J McHarg, D Bautovich, G AF Stabin, MG Evans, J Towson, J Eberl, S Turtle, J McHarg, D Bautovich, G TI Radiation dose to the spinal cord from I-131 sodium iodide (NaI) in a spinal tumor. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC,OAK RIDGE,TN. ROYAL PRINCE ALFRED HOSP,CAMPERDOWN,NSW 2050,AUSTRALIA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 351 EP 351 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500351 ER PT J AU Zhang, N Chingas, GC Budinger, TF AF Zhang, N Chingas, GC Budinger, TF TI Effects of sampling rate on the estimation of dynamic processes in SPECT. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 381 EP 381 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500381 ER PT J AU Barrett, HH White, T Parra, LC AF Barrett, HH White, T Parra, LC TI List-mode likelihood. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ. IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. SIEMENS CORP RES CTR,PRINCETON,NJ. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 485 EP 485 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500485 ER PT J AU DeNardo, GL Kukis, DL Shen, S Mausner, LF Meares, CF Srivastava, SC Miers, LA DeNardo, SJ AF DeNardo, GL Kukis, DL Shen, S Mausner, LF Meares, CF Srivastava, SC Miers, LA DeNardo, SJ TI Efficacy and toxicity of Cu-67-21T-BAT-LYM-1 radio-immunoconjugate in mice implanted with human Burkitt's lymphoma (RAJI) SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,MED CTR,SACRAMENTO,CA 95817. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,UPTON,NY 11973. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 503 EP 503 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500503 ER PT J AU Budinger, TF Klein, GJ Reed, JH Brennan, KM Huesman, RH AF Budinger, TF Klein, GJ Reed, JH Brennan, KM Huesman, RH TI Compensation for respiratory motion in cardiac PET - A feasibility study. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,CTR FUNCT IMAGING,BERKELEY,CA 94720. CTI INC,KNOXVILLE,TN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 512 EP 512 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500512 ER PT J AU Reutter, BW Lim, S Huesman, RH Coxson, PG Klein, GJ Budinger, TF AF Reutter, BW Lim, S Huesman, RH Coxson, PG Klein, GJ Budinger, TF TI Cardiac creep during rest/stress myocardial perfusion studies - Patient motion and lung air redistribution. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,CTR FUNCT IMAGING,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 514 EP 514 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500514 ER PT J AU Coxson, PG Brennan, KM Taylor, SE Huesman, MK Lim, S Huesman, RH Budinger, TF AF Coxson, PG Brennan, KM Taylor, SE Huesman, MK Lim, S Huesman, RH Budinger, TF TI Dipyridamole-induced stress - Variability in Rb-82 PET kinetic studies in the anesthetized canine. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,CTR FUNCT IMAGING,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 644 EP 644 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500577 ER PT J AU BaranowskaKortylewicz, J Colcher, D Srivastava, SC Joshi, V Kolsky, K Mausner, L Dalrymple, GV Tempero, MA AF BaranowskaKortylewicz, J Colcher, D Srivastava, SC Joshi, V Kolsky, K Mausner, L Dalrymple, GV Tempero, MA TI Pre-clinical evaluation of monoclonal antibody CC49 labeled with scandium-47. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,OMAHA,NE. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 661 EP 661 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500594 ER PT J AU Thakur, ML Donegan, M Li, J Kolan, H Duggaraju, R Maish, D Srivastava, SC AF Thakur, ML Donegan, M Li, J Kolan, H Duggaraju, R Maish, D Srivastava, SC TI Tc-99m labeled anti CEA F(ab')(2): Augmenting tumor uptake with antibody:interferon (MAb:IFN-alpha-2b) conjugate. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV HOSP,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 666 EP 666 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500599 ER PT J AU Kuruc, A Huesman, RH AF Kuruc, A Huesman, RH TI Smoothing the rough edges of tomographic regions of interest: An approach to variance reduction. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 679 EP 679 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500612 ER PT J AU Zuckier, LS Stabin, M Krynyckyi, BR AF Zuckier, LS Stabin, M Krynyckyi, BR TI Effect of prior radiopharmaceutical administration on performance of the Schilling test (ST). SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC,OAK RIDGE,TN. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,BRONX,NY 10467. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 711 EP 711 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500644 ER PT J AU Mirzadeh, S Beets, AL Knapp, FF AF Mirzadeh, S Beets, AL Knapp, FF TI Reactor production of lutetium-177 (Lu-177) - An attractive radioisotope for cancer therapy SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,NUCL MED GRP,OAK RIDGE,TN. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 728 EP 728 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500661 ER PT J AU Sweet, MP Mease, RC Lambert, C Srivastava, SC AF Sweet, MP Mease, RC Lambert, C Srivastava, SC TI Synthesis of a new bifunctional chelating agent for radioimmunotherapy: Cyclohexyl fused tetraazacyclo-dodecanetetraacetic acid. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 729 EP 729 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500662 ER PT J AU Mausner, LF Hock, JC Kolsky, KL Kurczak, S Schnakenberg, H McNerney, A Dyling, O Srivastava, SC AF Mausner, LF Hock, JC Kolsky, KL Kurczak, S Schnakenberg, H McNerney, A Dyling, O Srivastava, SC TI The BLIP upgrade project at BNL: A status report SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 730 EP 730 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500663 ER PT J AU Sloof, GW Visser, FC Bax, JJ Eersels, J Knapp, FF Teule, GJJ AF Sloof, GW Visser, FC Bax, JJ Eersels, J Knapp, FF Teule, GJJ TI Comparison of I-123-beta-methyl-p-iodophenylpenta-decanoic acid (BMIPPA) and F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in ischemic heart disease SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 FREE UNIV AMSTERDAM HOSP,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 844 EP 844 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500731 ER PT J AU McPherson, DW Knapp, FF AF McPherson, DW Knapp, FF TI Assignment of the stereochemistry of the isomers of IQNP. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 855 EP 855 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500742 ER PT J AU Gatley, SJ Gifford, AN Volkow, ND Lan, R Makriyannis, A AF Gatley, SJ Gifford, AN Volkow, ND Lan, R Makriyannis, A TI Iodine-123 labeled AM 261: A radioligand which binds in vivo to mouse brain cannabinoid receptors SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. UNIV CONNECTICUT,STORRS,CT. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 857 EP 857 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500744 ER PT J AU Luo, H Beets, A Ambrose, K McPherson, DW Knapp, FF AF Luo, H Beets, A Ambrose, K McPherson, DW Knapp, FF TI Preparation and biodistribution of F-18 labeled FQNPe. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 884 EP 884 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500770 ER PT J AU Meinken, GE Mausner, LF Srivastava, SC AF Meinken, GE Mausner, LF Srivastava, SC TI Transition metal analysis in isotopes produced at the BLIP and HFBR at BNL SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 892 EP 892 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500778 ER PT J AU Dadachova, E Mirzadeh, S Knapp, FF Smith, SV AF Dadachova, E Mirzadeh, S Knapp, FF Smith, SV TI Use of TIN-117m to study the role of tin in the direct labeling of proteins with rhenium-188. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AUSTRALIAN NUCL SCI & TECHNOL ORG,SYDNEY,NSW,AUSTRALIA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. RI Dadachova, Ekaterina/I-7838-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 893 EP 893 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500779 ER PT J AU McPherson, DW Ambrose, KR Luo, H Beets, A Knapp, FF AF McPherson, DW Ambrose, KR Luo, H Beets, A Knapp, FF TI Z-(R,R)-INQP shows higher brain and heart uptake in rats than IDEX and 4IQNB. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 923 EP 923 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500809 ER PT J AU Gifford, AN Gatley, SJ Shea, C Ashby, CR Volkow, ND AF Gifford, AN Gatley, SJ Shea, C Ashby, CR Volkow, ND TI Sensitivities of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor radioligands to changes in synaptic dopamine SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 927 EP 927 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500813 ER PT J AU Stabin, MG Evans, J AF Stabin, MG Evans, J TI Radiation dose to the trachea from therapeutic administrations of I-131 sodium iodide (NaI). SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC,OAK RIDGE,TN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 1031 EP 1031 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500917 ER PT J AU Stabin, MG Garner, BA Bruels, MC Sparks, RB AF Stabin, MG Garner, BA Bruels, MC Sparks, RB TI Radiation dosimetry and safety concerns for a patient receiving therapeutic administrations of I-131 sodium iodide (NaI) while undergoing dialysis. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC,OAK RIDGE,TN. GREENVILLE HOSP SYST,GREENVILLE,SC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 1032 EP 1032 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500918 ER PT J AU Stabin, MG Evans, JF AF Stabin, MG Evans, JF TI Radiation dose to the wall of blood vessels containing various radionuclides. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC,OAK RIDGE,TN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 1034 EP 1034 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500920 ER PT J AU Mathis, CA Simpson, NR Blastos, BP Shedwick, LA Smith, GS Swanson, DP Mintun, MA Stabin, M AF Mathis, CA Simpson, NR Blastos, BP Shedwick, LA Smith, GS Swanson, DP Mintun, MA Stabin, M TI Biodistribution and dosimetry estimates of [C-11]raclopride. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,PITTSBURGH,PA. UNIV PITTSBURGH,MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,PET FACIL,PITTSBURGH,PA. OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC,RADIAT INTERNAL DOSE INFORMAT CTR,OAK RIDGE,TN. RI Mathis, Chester/A-8607-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 1041 EP 1041 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500927 ER PT J AU Zamora, PO Bender, H Knapp, FF Marek, MJ Biersack, HJ AF Zamora, PO Bender, H Knapp, FF Marek, MJ Biersack, HJ TI Regional, tumor-radiotherapy with Re-188-RC-160 somatostatin analog. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 RHOMED INC,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. UNIV BONN,W-5300 BONN,GERMANY. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 1064 EP 1064 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62500950 ER PT J AU Wang, GJ Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Logan, J Pappas, N AF Wang, GJ Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Logan, J Pappas, N TI Effect of age on extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptor availability. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,UPTON,NY 11973. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT RADIOL,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT PSYCHIAT,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 1255 EP 1255 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UL625 UT WOS:A1996UL62501141 ER PT J AU Maiorino, RM GonzalezRamirez, D ZunigaCharles, M Xu, ZF Hurlbut, KM Aposhian, MM Dart, RC Woods, JS OstroskyWegman, P Gonsebatt, ME Aposhian, HV AF Maiorino, RM GonzalezRamirez, D ZunigaCharles, M Xu, ZF Hurlbut, KM Aposhian, MM Dart, RC Woods, JS OstroskyWegman, P Gonsebatt, ME Aposhian, HV TI Sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate challenge test for mercury in humans .3. Urinary mercury after exposure to mercurous chloride SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN BUCCAL MUCOSA; CHELATING-AGENTS; EXFOLIATED CELLS; DMPS; LEAD; ANTIDOTES; DMSA AB The sodium salt of 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid (Di-maval; DMPS) challenge test has been given previously to humans exposed to elemental mercury (vapor) or mercuric salts, but not mercurous salts. The test (300 mg p.o., after an 11-hr fast) was given to 11 factory workers who make a skin lotion that contains mercurous chloride, eight users of the skin lotion and nine controls. Urines were analyzed for total mercury by using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mercury excreted for 6 hr before and 6 hr after DMPS treatment was 113 mu g +/- 26 and 5037 mu g +/- 682 S.E.M. for the skin lotion makers; 16.2 mu g +/- 3.4 and 1410 mu g +/- 346 S.E.M. for the skin lotion users; and 0.49 mu g +/- 0.11 and 18.4 mu g +/- 7.1 S.E.M. for the controls, respectively. The increases in urinary mercury resulting from the DMPS challenge test were 45-, 87- and 38-fold, respectively. The results demonstrate that, in humans exposed to mercurous chloride, DMPS increases the urinary excretion of mercury and that the DMPS/mercury challenge test is of value for a more realistic estimation of mobilizable mercury. An attempt to associate genotoxicity, as indicated by micronuclei content in buccal cells, with mercury exposure was inconclusive, perhaps because of the small number of subjects. C1 UNIV ARIZONA, DEPT MOLEC & CELLULAR BIOL, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. UNIV ARIZONA, DEPT PHARMACOL, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. INST MEXICANO DEL SEGUNO, CTR INVEST BIOMED DEL NORESTE, DEPT PHARMACOL, MONTERREY, MEXICO. ROCKY MT POISON CTR, DENVER, CO USA. BATTELLE SEATTLE RES CTR, SEATTLE, WA USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO, INST INVEST, UNAM, DF, MEXICO. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-04940, P30ES06694, ES-04696] NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 277 IS 2 BP 938 EP 944 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UJ953 UT WOS:A1996UJ95300046 PM 8627576 ER PT J AU Ramos, SMM Canut, B Thevenard, P Poker, DB AF Ramos, SMM Canut, B Thevenard, P Poker, DB TI Xe post-irradiation effects in the thermal evolution and diffusion of Er-implanted LiNbO3 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE optical material; defects; diffusion; radiation damage ID WAVE-GUIDE LASER; ION-IMPLANTATION; OXIDES AB The modifications in the chemical and physical properties of Er+-implanted LiNbO3 were determined by Channeling Rutherford Backscattering (RBS-C) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Thermal treatments performed in the temperature range 900-1100 degrees C for 2 h have efficiently induced both the recrystallization of the host lattice and erbium diffusion. In order to investigate the damage effect in the diffusion process some samples were post-irradiated with Xe++ ions at 3.0 meV and subsequently annealed in the same temperature range. RBS results show that the amorphous layer induced by Xe-irradiations enhances the erbium diffusion in depth of the LiNbO3. XPS measurements show that the niobium oxidation state is highly modified by erbium implantation. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Ramos, SMM (reprint author), UNIV LYON 1,CNRS,URA 172,DEPT MAT PHYS,LYON 1,F-69622 VILLEURBANNE,FRANCE. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD MAY PY 1996 VL 57 IS 5 BP 513 EP 520 DI 10.1016/0022-3697(95)00303-7 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA UL586 UT WOS:A1996UL58600002 ER PT J AU Reeves, RA Baker, G Goldberg, SJ AF Reeves, RA Baker, G Goldberg, SJ TI The effects of researcher precautions on perceptions of the ethicality of unobtrusive field experiments SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL-RESEARCH; PUBLIC IMAGE; ISSUES; DECEPTION AB The effects of stating researchers' precautions on perceptions about the ethicality of questionable studies were examined. The studies used were by West, Gunn, and Chernicky (1975) and by Middlemist, Knowles, and Matter (1976). The first study was generally evaluated more favorably than the second study. Women viewed the West et al. study more negatively than did men, regardless of precautionary information. Most important, precautionary information enhanced men's, but not women's evaluations of the Middlemist et al. study. Implications of these results for ethical decision making, publication policy, and the image of the profession are noted. C1 VET ADM MED CTR,AUGUSTA,GA. US DOE,SAVANNAH RIVER PLANT,SAVANNAH,GA. RP Reeves, RA (reprint author), AUGUSTA COLL,DEPT PSYCHOL,AUGUSTA,GA 30904, USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0022-3980 J9 J PSYCHOL JI J. Psychol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 130 IS 3 BP 321 EP 327 PG 7 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA UM086 UT WOS:A1996UM08600010 PM 8667287 ER PT J AU Taranenko, N Alarie, JP Stokes, DL Vo-Dinh, T AF Taranenko, N Alarie, JP Stokes, DL Vo-Dinh, T TI Surface-enhanced Raman detection of nerve agent simulant (DMMP and DIMP) vapor on electrochemically prepared silver oxide substrates SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID AG ELECTRODES; SCATTERING; SERS; SPECTROMETRY; PYRIDINE; SPECTRA; CYANIDE AB Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of the chemical nerve agent simulants dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) and diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) were obtained in the vapor phase. The spectra obtained demonstrate the possibility of detecting these nerve agent species in the vapor phase using electrochemically roughened silver oxide substrates prepared from silver foil. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, HLTH SCI RES DIV, ADV MONITORING DEV GRP, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. NR 23 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 27 IS 5 BP 379 EP 384 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4555(199605)27:5<379::AID-JRS925>3.0.CO;2-G PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA UN857 UT WOS:A1996UN85700001 ER PT J AU Abola, EE Manning, NO Prilusky, J Stampf, DR Sussman, JL AF Abola, EE Manning, NO Prilusky, J Stampf, DR Sussman, JL TI The Protein Data Bank: Current status and future challenges SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NIST Workshop on Crystallographic Databases CY AUG 29-30, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL CAMPUS, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL CAMPUS DE database; federation; NMR; protein structure; three-dimensional structure; x-ray crystallography ID PROTOCOL; TOOLS; FILE; PIR AB Protein Data Bank (PDB) is an archive of experimentally determined three-dimensional structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and other biological macromolecules with a 25 year history of service to a global community. PDB is being replaced by 3DB, the Three-Dimensional Database of Biomolecular Structures that will continue to operate from Brookhaven National Laboratory. 3DB will be a highly sophisticated knowledge-based system for archiving and accessing structural information that combines the advantages of object oriented and relational database systems. 3DB will operate as a direct-deposition archive that will also accept third-party supplied annotations. Conversion of PDB to 3DB will be evolutionary, providing a high degree of compatibility with existing software. C1 WEIZMANN INST SCI, BIOINFORMAT UNIT, IL-76100 REHOVOT, ISRAEL. WEIZMANN INST SCI, DEPT BIOL STRUCT, IL-76100 REHOVOT, ISRAEL. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT BIOL, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. RP Abola, EE (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT CHEM, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 101 IS 3 BP 231 EP 241 DI 10.6028/jres.101.025 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA VD605 UT WOS:A1996VD60500008 PM 27805161 ER PT J AU Goehner, RP Michael, JR AF Goehner, RP Michael, JR TI Phase identification in a scanning electron microscope using backscattered electron Kikuchi patterns SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NIST Workshop on Crystallographic Databases CY AUG 29-30, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL CAMPUS, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL CAMPUS DE electron diffraction; Kikuchi patterns; scanning electron microscopy ID DIFFRACTION PATTERNS AB Backscattered electron Kikuchi patterns (BEKP) suitable for crystallographic phase analysis can be collected in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) with a newly developed charge coupled device (CCD) based detector. Crystallographic phase identification using BEKP in the SEM is unique in that it permits high magnification images and BEKPs to be collected from a bulk specimen. The combination of scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging. BEKP, and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry holds the promise of a powerful new tool for materials science. RP Goehner, RP (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS, MAT & PROC SCI CTR, MICROSTRUCT CHARACTERIZAT DEPT, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. NR 22 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 9 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 101 IS 3 BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.6028/jres.101.031 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA VD605 UT WOS:A1996VD60500014 PM 27805167 ER PT J AU Sevov, SC Corbett, JD AF Sevov, SC Corbett, JD TI A new indium phase with three stuffed and condensed fullerane-like cages: Na(172)In(197)Z(2) (Z=Ni, Pd, Pt) SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HIGHER FULLERENES; CLUSTERS; NETWORK; ISOMERS; CARBON; C-78 AB Ternary compounds Na-similar to 172 In-similar to 197 with Z(2) = Ni, Pd or Pt are obtained by slow cooling of the appropriate fused mixtures of the elements in welded Ta. They occur in the orthorhombic space group Pmmn, Z = 2 and, for Ni, a = 15.988 (5), b = 26.102 (7), c = 47.59 (6) Angstrom and R(F), R(w) = 6.0, 6.7% for the refined composition Na-171.85(5)In-197.1(2)Ni-2. The structure contains puckered layers of condensed fullerane-type spheres or cages built of 70 and 78 indium atoms, each of which shares six of its twelve pentagonal faces with six other spheres, two of the same type and four of the other. These are joined into double layers via bonds to exo In-11 and In-14 polyhedra fused near one pole of the two fulleranes. The double layers are in turn separated by sodium cations and M(60) = In48Na12 cages which share six of their pentagonal faces with two In-70 cages and four In-78 cages. All three cages have C-2v symmetry but are close to those of the corresponding carbon fullerenes. The In-70 and M(60) cages are centered by isolated In-similar to 10 clusters, and the In-78 spheres, by In-16 clusters about a central Na that are tethered to the inside of the In-78 fullerane via vertices of two icosahedra fused into the framework. In addition, all three cages contain endohedral sodium ion deltahedra that screen the encapsulated clusters from the fullerane. The partially disordered Ni-centered clusters of indium exhibit nearly spherical geometry and a diffuse distribution of the electron density on the surface that is excluded from positions below the 12 more inward-lying Na within the corresponding fulleranes. The cluster distributions were approximated by refining many closely positioned indium atoms, some partially occupied. In all three cases, the results could be reduced to geometries close to those of previously known In10Ni10- (within In-70, M(60)) or In-16 (within In-78) species through removal of the disorder induced by mirror planes from the C-2v symmetry imposed by the overall structure. The multiply endohedral descriptions Ni@In-10@Na37In70 and Ni@In-10@Na-32@(In48Na12) are apt for the first two fullerane components. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 123 IS 2 BP 344 EP 370 DI 10.1006/jssc.1996.0190 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA UW500 UT WOS:A1996UW50000024 ER PT J AU Elston, TC Doering, CR AF Elston, TC Doering, CR TI Numerical and analytical studies of nonequilibrium fluctuation-induced transport processes SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE algorithm; stochastic; transport; ratchets; nonequilibrium; detailed balance; master equation; jump process AB We present a numerical simulation algorithm that is well suited for the study of noise-induced transport processes. The algorithm has two advantages over standard techniques: (1) it preserves the property of detailed balance for systems in equilibrium and (2) it provides an efficient method for calculating nonequilibrium currents. Numerical results are compared with exact solutions from two different types of correlation ratchets, and are used to verify the results of perturbation calculations done on a three-state ratchet. RP Elston, TC (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR NONLINEAR STUDIES,MS-B258,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 21 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0022-4715 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 83 IS 3-4 BP 359 EP 383 DI 10.1007/BF02183737 PG 25 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA UG503 UT WOS:A1996UG50300002 ER PT J AU Zhang, XD Balhorn, R Mazrimas, J Kirz, J AF Zhang, XD Balhorn, R Mazrimas, J Kirz, J TI Measuring DNA to protein ratios in mammalian sperm head by XANES imaging SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; HUMAN SPERMATOZOA; MOUSE SPERM; CHROMATIN; TRANSMISSION; INFERTILITY; PROTAMINE-1; SCATTERING AB We have used XANES imaging, which combines X-ray absorption near edge spectral features (XANES) with 50-nm-resolution X-ray microscopy, to examine the content and distribution of DNA and protein in mature sperm cells. Sperm nuclei from five different species of mammals were examined; these species were chosen for analysis because their sperm contain marked differences in their protamine 1 and protamine 2 contents. The data we've obtained for bull, stallion, hamster, and mouse sperm suggest that the total nuclear protein to DNA ratio is similar in the sperm of many eutherian mammals. Since protamine constitutes the majority of the sperm nuclear protein, these results indicate that the total protamine content of sperm chromatin must be constant among mammalian species, independent of the extent of expression of the protamine 2 gene. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT PHYS,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,BIOL & BIOTECHNOL RES PROGRAM,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. OI Zhang, Xiaodong/0000-0001-9786-7038 NR 28 TC 95 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 116 IS 3 BP 335 EP 344 DI 10.1006/jsbi.1996.0051 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA UN556 UT WOS:A1996UN55600001 PM 8812992 ER PT J AU Brown, SR Bruhn, RL AF Brown, SR Bruhn, RL TI Formation of voids and veins during faulting SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; EARTHQUAKE AB We have developed a quantitative model of void and vein development in fault zones based on observations of fault roughness and the contact characteristics of rough, directionally anisotropic fractal surfaces. This model includes progressive dilation of the fault during slip events and the elastic deformation of the surfaces normal to the fault plane (closure) as new void space develops. The model predicts vein geometries that are qualitatively similar to those observed in fault-controlled mineral deposits. The statistics of the vein system are described and strategies for sampling of such structures by drilling are developed. The results have significant implications for evaluation of ore reserves and evaluating the fluid transport properties of faults. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd C1 UNIV UTAH,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. RP Brown, SR (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,GEOMECH DEPT,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 18 IS 5 BP 657 EP 671 DI 10.1016/S0191-8141(96)80031-9 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA UJ628 UT WOS:A1996UJ62800010 ER PT J AU Allen, AJ Krueger, S Skandan, G Long, GG Hahn, H Kerch, HM Parker, JC Ali, MN AF Allen, AJ Krueger, S Skandan, G Long, GG Hahn, H Kerch, HM Parker, JC Ali, MN TI Microstructural evolution during the sintering of nanostructured ceramic oxides SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY-SCATTERING; DENSIFICATION; ZIRCONIA; BEHAVIOR; POWDERS; Y2O3 AB Using small-angle scattering, together with density measurements, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, and both transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the microstructural evolution during sintering in nanostructured ceramic oxides has been studied. The availability of samples with sufficient size and uniformity has permitted absolute calibration of the scattering data and made possible determinations of microstructural parameters and surface areas that are statistically representative of the undisturbed nanophase morphologies. A fully quantitative microstructural model has been developed, and the effects of varying processing parameters during powder synthesis and sintering have been assessed. Predictions are made regarding the achievable sintered full-density microstructures. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH & MAT SCI,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. TH DARMSTADT,DEPT MAT SCI,D-64295 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. US DOE,OFF BASIC ENERGY SCI,GERMANTOWN,DC 20545. NANOPHASE TECHNOL CORP,BURR RIDGE,IL 60521. RP Allen, AJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Hahn, Horst/G-9018-2011 OI Hahn, Horst/0000-0001-9901-3861 NR 29 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1201 EP 1212 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb08573.x PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA UM323 UT WOS:A1996UM32300009 ER PT J AU Hawk, JA Alman, DE Petrovic, JJ AF Hawk, JA Alman, DE Petrovic, JJ TI Abrasive wear behavior of a Si3N4-MoSi2 composite SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ZIRCONIA-TOUGHENED ALUMINA; SILICON-NITRIDE; GRAIN-SIZE; CERAMICS; INDENTATION; RESISTANCE; MICROSTRUCTURE; FRICTION; DAMAGE AB MoSi2 particles (20 vol%) have been added to Si3N4 to form ceramic matrix-intermetallic composites. Benefits associated with the addition of the MoSi2 to Si3N4 include higher strength, higher fracture toughness, no loss in oxidation resistance, and lower electrical resistivity. However, because the hardness of MoSi2 is approximately half that of Si3N4, a decrease in the specific wear rate of the Si-3-N-4-20 vol% MoSi2 composite is expected to result from the incorporation of the MoSi2 into the Si3N4. In this U.S. Bureau of Mines and Los Alamos National Laboratory study, it is found, however, that the specific wear rate of the composite during two-body abrasion by SiC particles is equivalent in magnitude to the specific wear rate of monolithic Si3N4. The specific wear rates of both the Si3N4-20 vol% MoSi2 composites and monolithic Si3N4 are four to five times less than that of monolithic MoSi2. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CERAM SCI & TECHNOL GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Hawk, JA (reprint author), US BUR MINES,ALBANY RES CTR,DIV SCI MAT,ALBANY,OR 97321, USA. NR 37 TC 28 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1297 EP 1302 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb08587.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA UM323 UT WOS:A1996UM32300023 ER PT J AU Zheng, YJ Ornstein, RL AF Zheng, YJ Ornstein, RL TI A molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics analysis of the effect of DMSO on enzyme structure and dynamics: Subtilisin SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-BONDED COMPLEXES; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; 2-DIMENSIONAL NMR; CYTOCHROME-C; ANTIBODY-BINDING; GAS-PHASE; PROTEIN; EXCHANGE; SPECTROSCOPY AB This report describes a 745-ps molecular dynamics simulation of the enzyme subtilisin Carlsbeg in a periodic box of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The starting coordinates for subtilisin and crystallographic waters were taken from the aqueous X-ray crystal structure. Although the overall structure of subtilisin is stable throughout the simulation, some structural perturbations are observed, The five N-terminal residues of the protein migrate away from the rest of the protein; whether this movement is the start of partial unfolding in DMSO is unclear. We compare these findings with recent simulations of this enzyme in CCL(4), acetonitrile, and water. The simulation results indicate that DMSO is capable of stripping waters and metal ions away from the protein surface. The total number of intraprotein hydrogen bonds is increased in DMSO compared to in water. Eighteen DMSO binding sites were identified based on root-mean-square fluctuations, most of which were hydrogen bonded to a protein amide hydrogen atom. Quantum mechanics calculations were used to investigate the hydrogen bonding strength between DMSO and protein amide hydrogen and between DMSO and water. These results are discussed in view of the known protein-dissolving property of DMSO. C1 PACIFIC NW NATL LAB, ENVIRONM & MOL SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 65 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 118 IS 17 BP 4175 EP 4180 DI 10.1021/ja9539195 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA UJ132 UT WOS:A1996UJ13200021 ER PT J AU Nicholas, JB Xu, T Barich, DH Torres, PD Haw, JF AF Nicholas, JB Xu, T Barich, DH Torres, PD Haw, JF TI C-13 chemical shift tensor of the isopropyl cation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SHIELDING TENSORS; BUTYL CATION; SOLID-STATE; NMR-SPECTRA; BASIS-SETS C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV, DEPT CHEM, LAB MAGNET RESONANCE & MOL SCI, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. RP Nicholas, JB (reprint author), PACIFIC NW NATL LAB, ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 118 IS 17 BP 4202 EP 4203 DI 10.1021/ja953645l PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA UJ132 UT WOS:A1996UJ13200030 ER PT J AU Chin, HNS AF Chin, HNS TI The impact of the ice phase and radiation on a midlatitude squall line system - Reply SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION; OKLAHOMA RP Chin, HNS (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI,POB 808,L-103,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 9 BP 1352 EP 1354 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<1352:R>2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UK143 UT WOS:A1996UK14300009 ER PT J AU Deng, ZY Spear, JD Rudnicki, JD McLarnon, FR Cairns, EJ AF Deng, ZY Spear, JD Rudnicki, JD McLarnon, FR Cairns, EJ TI Infrared photothermal deflection spectroscopy: A new probe for the investigation of electrochemical interfaces SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THIN-LAYER CELL; BEAM DEFLECTION; ION ASSOCIATION; LOW POTENTIALS; LITHIUM; ELECTROLYTES; ELECTRODES; SOLIDS; SPECTROELECTROCHEMISTRY; SOLVATION AB An infrared photothermal deflection spectroscopy system has been developed using infrared tunable diode lasers in the wavelength region from 8 to 16 mu m. This system allows the collection of in situ optical absorption spectra of species at electrode/electrolyte interfaces in an electrochemical cell. The infrared spectra of LiOH and Li2CO3 formed on the surface of a lithium foil were recorded. The infrared photothermal deflection spectroscopy technique has been used to monitor the lithium electrode surface in an operating cell, Li/P(EO)(2)LiN(CF3O2)(2)/Ni. The in situ spectra (in the 800-1000 cm(-1) region) show that the film formation at Li/polymer electrolyte interfaces is dominated by LiOH, although there also appears to be organic species in the surface film. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Deng, ZY (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV ENERGY & ENVIRONM,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 143 IS 5 BP 1514 EP 1521 DI 10.1149/1.1836672 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA UK930 UT WOS:A1996UK93000014 ER PT J AU Ma, B Balachandran, U Park, JH Segre, CU AF Ma, B Balachandran, U Park, JH Segre, CU TI Electrical transport properties and defect structure of SrFeCo0.5Ox SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB By using a gastight electrochemical cell with flowing air as the reference environment, we were able to achieve an oxygen partial pressure (P-O2) as low as 10(-16) atm inside the cell. The conductivity of SrFeCo0.5Ox has been studied as a function of P-O2 and temperature. It was found that in the high-P-O2 range, interstitial oxygen ions (O-i '') and electron holes (Fe-Fe(.) = h(.)) are the dominant charge carriers, while in the low-P-C2 range, oxygen vacancies (V-o(..)) and electrons (e') are dominant. At 800 degrees C in air, total conductivity and ionic conductivity of SrFeCo0.5Ox are 17 and 7 S cm(-1), respectively, and the ionic transference number is 0.4. A semiconductor-metal-semiconductor transition is found in this system in a reduced-oxygen environment. Defect dynamics in this system can be understood by means of the trivalence-to-divalence transition of Fe ions when P-O2 is reduced. A defect model has been proposed. By using the conductivity results, we were able to estimate oxygen permeation through a ceramic membrane made of SrFeCo0.5Ox. The oxygen permeability we calculated is consistent with that measured at the conversion reactor. To confirm the ionic transference number measured by electron-blocking method, electromotive force measurement was carried out and obtained consistent results. C1 IIT,DEPT PHYS,CHICAGO,IL 60616. RP Ma, B (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY TECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Segre, Carlo/B-1548-2009; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Segre, Carlo/0000-0001-7664-1574; Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 19 TC 90 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 143 IS 5 BP 1736 EP 1744 DI 10.1149/1.1836709 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA UK930 UT WOS:A1996UK93000051 ER PT J AU Sandi, G Winans, RE Carrado, KA AF Sandi, G Winans, RE Carrado, KA TI New carbon electrodes for secondary lithium batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Letter ID CELLS; INTERCALATION AB We have synthesized and electrochemically tested carbon samples that are suitable as anodes for lithium secondary batteries. The unique synthesis is based on the use of the inorganic templates and organic precursors. Pyrolysis of these carbons was performed at 500 and 700 degrees C. High reversible capacity (up to 825 mAh/g) was found on samples heated to 700 degrees C. The cells were tested continuously for more than 20 cycles with a drop in capacity of only 10%. X-ray powder diffraction showed that the samples heated to 700 degrees C have a highly disordered structure. RP Sandi, G (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 27 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 143 IS 5 BP L95 EP L98 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA UK930 UT WOS:A1996UK93000001 ER PT J AU Wood, JT Griffin, AJ Embury, JD Zhou, R Nastasi, M Veron, M AF Wood, JT Griffin, AJ Embury, JD Zhou, R Nastasi, M Veron, M TI The influence of microstructural scale on the combination of strength and electrical resistivity in copper based composites SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Engineering Foundation Conference on Mechanics and Physics of Layered and Graded Materials CY AUG 21-25, 1995 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP Engn Fdn AB In many engineering applications materials are required to satisfy two or more selection criteria. An example is the provision of wire for the winding of high field magnets, and a methodology is proposed here that links these design criteria to the processing of fine scale composites. In developing the descriptions of the dependence of both mechanical strength and resistivity on the microstructural scale of the composite the modelling reveals the importance of new processes such as interface scattering and energy storage mechanisms at the interface that give new insights into the behaviour of fine scale structures. Finally from consideration of the scaling laws for strength and conductivity, it is possible to develop a comparison between the efficiencies of microscale, and macroscale composites for high field magnet applications. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, CTR MAT SCI, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RP MCMASTER UNIV, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, 1280 MAIN ST W, HAMILTON, ON L8S 4L7, CANADA. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 EI 1873-4782 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD MAY PY 1996 VL 44 IS 5 BP 737 EP + DI 10.1016/0022-5096(96)00010-5 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA UK352 UT WOS:A1996UK35200007 ER PT J AU Siegner, U Glutsch, S BarAd, S Mycek, MA Kner, P Chemla, DS AF Siegner, U Glutsch, S BarAd, S Mycek, MA Kner, P Chemla, DS TI Coherent dynamics and dephasing of one-dimensional magnetoexcitons in GaAs SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY HOLE EXCITONS; QUANTUM-WELLS; 2-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOEXCITONS; LIGHT-HOLE; BEATS AB We study the ultrashort dynamics and the dephasing processes of one-dimensional Lorentzian and Fano magnetoexcitons in GaAs, using temporally and spectrally resolved four-wave mixing. The dephasing of the Lorentzian magnetoexcitons is determined by quasi-particle scattering, dominated by exciton-exciton scattering at low temperatures. In contrast, the dephasing time of the Fano magnetoexcitons is intrinsically limited by the Fano coupling to the continuum. Quantum interference is observed if Fano magnetoexcitons contribute to the four-wave mixing signal. This effect is absent in the case of purely Lorentzian dynamics. We show that Lorentzian and Fano magnetoexciton resonances are coupled by Coulomb correlation and discuss the consequences of this coupling. (C) 1996 Optical Society of America. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. ETH ZURICH,SWISS FED INST TECHNOL,INST QUANTUM ELECTR,ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RP Siegner, U (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 13 IS 5 BP 969 EP 976 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.13.000969 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA UJ960 UT WOS:A1996UJ96000025 ER PT J AU Hase, M Uchinokura, K Birgeneau, RJ Hirota, K Shirane, G AF Hase, M Uchinokura, K Birgeneau, RJ Hirota, K Shirane, G TI Neutron-scattering study of magnetism in single-crystal Cu1-xZnxGeO3 SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE spin-Peierls transition; CuGeO3; impurity effect; neutron scattering; antiferromagnetic order; magnetic excitation ID SPIN-PEIERLS TRANSITION; CUGEO3 AB A recent study of the magnetic susceptibility in single crystals of the spin-Peierls material CuGeO3 doped with Zn indicates antiferromagnetic order at low temperatures. In the present publication, we report a neutron scattering investigation of the static and dynamic magnetic properties of single-crystal Cu0.966Zn0.034GeO3. Below the transition temperature of 4.2 +/- 0.3 K, sharp magnetic Bragg peaks are observed at the magnetic superlattice positions (0 k l/2) with both k and l odd. However, the intensities of these peaks are not saturated even at 1.4 K, and the long range ordered magnetic moment is only similar to 0.2 mu(B) per Cu site. Moreover, no well-defined spin-wave-like excitations are seen. Instead, overdamped magnetic excitations appear around the magnetic Bragg peaks at low temperatures. These results suggest an unusual state of magnetic order incorporating considerable magnetic and possibly structural disorder. We speculate that this unusual order is caused by a spatial distribution of spin states due to local spin-Peierls distortions. C1 INST PHYS & CHEM RES, WAKO, SAITAMA 35101, JAPAN. MIT, DEPT PHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT PHYS, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. RP Hase, M (reprint author), UNIV TOKYO, DEPT APPL PHYS, BUNKYO KU, 7-3-1 HONGO, TOKYO 113, JAPAN. RI Hirota, Kazuma/C-6797-2008; Hase, Masashi/B-8900-2008 OI Hase, Masashi/0000-0003-2717-461X NR 22 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 7 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 65 IS 5 BP 1392 EP 1398 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.65.1392 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA UN823 UT WOS:A1996UN82300046 ER PT J AU Rubin, S Bar, G Taylor, TN Cutts, RW Zawodzinski, TA AF Rubin, S Bar, G Taylor, TN Cutts, RW Zawodzinski, TA TI Novel approach for the preparation of metal colloid monolayers on modified surfaces SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; DENDRIMERS; ENERGY; SIZE AB The morphology of Au colloid monolayers on modified silicon oxide surfaces (glass, silicon wafer, and ITO slides) has been studied. These monolayers were prepared by a new method described here. We also demonstrate several applications of this colloid monolayer surface. The preparation route creates rough metal surface, the morphology of which can be easily controlled. The colloid monolayers are prepared in two steps: (1) modification of the substrates with starburst dendrimers; (2) noble metal colloid deposition onto the dendrimer layer. Au particles of approximately 28 nm in diameter were deposited onto the dendrimer-modified surfaces. The spontaneous adsorption of the dendrimers to the silicon oxide surface was proven by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle, and grazing angle Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thickness of the dendrimer layer has been calculated to be in the range of d=14-25 Angstrom. The structure and properties of the resulting particle arrangement have been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ultraviolet (UV-vis) spectroscopy. AFM data show that the colloids spontaneously form continuous films on the dendrimer-modified surfaces. The noble metal particles are well isolated, confined to a single layer, and aggregation does not occur on the surface. UV-vis spectroscopic data show that the microstructure controls the optical properties of the layer. The article demonstrates the practical applications of this rough metal surface as a platform for surface-enhanced Raman scattering and electrochemistry. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 30 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1870 EP 1877 DI 10.1116/1.580352 PN 2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR133 UT WOS:A1996UR13300098 ER PT J AU Martin, PM Affinito, JD Gross, ME Stewart, DC Bennett, WD Kelley, RJ Home, WE AF Martin, PM Affinito, JD Gross, ME Stewart, DC Bennett, WD Kelley, RJ Home, WE TI Reflective coatings for large-area solar concentrators SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc AB Reflective/protective coatings were applied to pre-formed 2.5-m-long solar concentrator panels by the magnetron sputtering process. Low-cost manufacturing processes such as hydrostatic forming of aluminum solar concentrator panels are needed to keep the costs of domestic power generation low. Without treatment, the specular reflectance of the aluminum panels was less than 20%. As expected, silver (Ag) and aluminum (Al) coatings applied directly over the untreated panels did not significantly increase specular reflectance. To provide a specular base surface, approximately 100-mu m-thick urethane layers were applied to the panels before deposition of the reflective coating. This smoothing layer filled in scratches and defects. Reflective Ag and Al layers, with protective overcoats of Al2O3 and Si3N4, were deposited onto the urethane-coated panels by reactive magnetron sputtering with ion assist in Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's 3 m coating chamber. The specular reflectance of the panels increased to an average of 92% at visible wavelengths, very near the reflectance of Al coatings on highly polished glass. Panels with Ag metal layers displayed similar increases. The optical performance uniformity of the coating was better than +/-5%. The measured primary concentration ratio of the panels was 800:1, which far exceeded the design ratio of 500:1. The total concentration ratio was 2400:1. The coatings passed MIL-spec environmental and durability tests. Field testing of the concentrator dishes and coatings is continuing, and test results will be reported. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 UNITED SOLAR TECHNOL, OLYMPIA, WA 98506 USA. EDTEK INC, KENT, WA 98032 USA. RP Martin, PM (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 720 EP 726 DI 10.1116/1.580378 PN 1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR134 UT WOS:A1996UR13400011 ER PT J AU Affinito, JD Gross, ME Coronado, CA Dunham, GC Martin, PM AF Affinito, JD Gross, ME Coronado, CA Dunham, GC Martin, PM TI High rate vacuum deposition of polymer electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc AB Two new, high rate, vacuum processes have been developed for the deposition of polymer electrolyte layers on wide web substrates. One method involves the vacuum extrusion of monomer salt solutions followed by e-beam or ultraviolet (UV) curing. The second method involves the vacuum flash evaporation of the monomer salt solution followed by e-beam or UV curing. Each method is compatible with simultaneous, in-line, deposition by conventional processes like sputtering or evaporation in a wide web system. Optically clear polymer electrolyte layers may be deposited at line speeds in excess of 100 meters per minute with these new techniques. Ionic conductivity measurements will be presented for vacuum deposited, evaporated and extruded, polymer electrolyte layers. Films were deposited with thicknesses ranging from 2 to 50 mu m. Application of these methods to ongoing electrochromic and battery work at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory will be discussed. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. RP Affinito, JD (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, DEPT MAT SCI, BATTELLE BLVD, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 733 EP 738 DI 10.1116/1.580380 PN 1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR134 UT WOS:A1996UR13400013 ER PT J AU Gessert, TA Mason, AR Sheldon, P Swartzlander, AB Niles, D Coutts, TJ AF Gessert, TA Mason, AR Sheldon, P Swartzlander, AB Niles, D Coutts, TJ TI Development of Cu-doped ZnTe as a back-contact interface layer for thin-film CdS/CdTe solar cells SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc AB The full potential of thin-film, CdS/CdTe photovoltaic solar cells will not be realized until issues relating to the fabrication of environmentally stable, low-resistance, and easily manufactured contacts to the p-CdTe layer are addressed. One alternative that provides the required contact parameters employs a Cu-doped ZnTe(ZnTe:Cu) interface layer between the p-CdTe and the outer metal contact. Thin films of ZnTe:Cu containing various concentrations of metallic Cu are produced by rf-magnetron sputtering. Additionally, the effect of incorporating small amounts of excess Zn into the sputtering target is studied. We find that the electrical resistivity of ZnTe:Cu films deposited at 300 degrees C, and prepared with Cu concentrations of similar to 0.45 at. %, is much higher than would be expected from studies of films doped with higher Cu concentrations (similar to 6 at. % Cu). We also find that postdeposition heat treatment significantly reduces the electrical resistivity of the films containing similar to 0.45 at. % Cu. However, compositional analysis indicates that the surface of the films become increasingly enriched in Zn at annealing temperatures >350 degrees C. Analysis of the hole effective mass (m(h),) for films containing similar to 6 at. % Cu indicates a value for m(h) of 0.35 m(e), and a high-frequency dielectric constant (epsilon(infinity)) of 8.2. RP Gessert, TA (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 19 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 806 EP 812 DI 10.1116/1.580394 PN 1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR134 UT WOS:A1996UR13400027 ER PT J AU Pearton, SJ Abernathy, CR Vartuli, CB Lee, JW MacKenzie, JD Wilson, RG Shul, RJ Ren, F Zavada, JM AF Pearton, SJ Abernathy, CR Vartuli, CB Lee, JW MacKenzie, JD Wilson, RG Shul, RJ Ren, F Zavada, JM TI Unintentional hydrogenation of GaN and related alloys during processing SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; III-V MATERIALS; COOLING AMBIENT; GAAS; CARBON; ZN; PASSIVATION; DEPOSITION; ACCEPTORS AB Atomic hydrogen plays an important role in GaN, passivating the electrical activity of Mg accepters during cooldown after metal organic chemical vapor deposition growth, and thereby preventing achievement of high p-type doping levels unless an annealing step is performed. We have found that hydrogen is easily incorporated into GaN and related materials during many different process steps, including boiling in water, wet chemical etching in KOH-based solutions, dielectric deposition using SiH4 or dry etching in Cl-2/CH4/H2Ar electron cyclotron resonance plasmas. In each of these cases we have employed deuterated chemicals and detected the incorporation of deuterium into GaN using high sensitivity secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements. Hydrogen is found to have a diffusivity of >10(-11) cm(2)s(-1) at 170 degrees C, and to passivate the electrical activity of Mg and C accepters and also the native shallow donors in InGaN and InAlN. Annealing at 450-500 degrees C restores the electrical activity, but the hydrogen does not physically leave the films until much higher (similar to 800 degrees C)temperatures. The activation energies for dopant reactivation are of the order of 2.5 eV in bulk samples, where hydrogen retrapping is expected to be significant. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 HUGHES RES LABS,MALIBU,CA 90265. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. USA,RES OFF,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP Pearton, SJ (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 831 EP 835 DI 10.1116/1.580398 PN 1 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR134 UT WOS:A1996UR13400031 ER PT J AU Mileham, JR Pearton, SJ Abernathy, CR MacKenzie, JD Shul, RJ Kilcoyne, SP AF Mileham, JR Pearton, SJ Abernathy, CR MacKenzie, JD Shul, RJ Kilcoyne, SP TI Patterning of AlN, InN, and GaN in KOH-based solutions SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID ETCHING CHARACTERISTICS; NITRIDE FILMS; GAAS AB Wet chemical etching of single crystal III-V nitrides has proven difficult in the past due to their excellent stability in corrosive liquids. We have found that KOH-based solutions provide reaction-rate limited etching of AIN at rates strongly dependent on the crystalline quality. The activation energy for etching is 15.5 kcal mol(-1) for both polycrystalline and single-crystal AlN, but the absolute rates are up to a factor of 10(3) higher for the polycrystalline material. The etching is selective over GaN and substrate materials such as Al2O3 KOH-based solutions also attack the interfacial region between InN and GaAs causing liftoff of the epitaxial InN layers. We have also studied the wet etching characteristics of GaN, ALN, and InN in all of the common acid solutions employed for conventional semiconductors. The temperature of these solutions was varied from 23 to 85 degrees C, but no measurable etching was observed under any of these conditions. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Mileham, JR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 29 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 836 EP 839 DI 10.1116/1.580399 PN 1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR134 UT WOS:A1996UR13400032 ER PT J AU Ederer, DL Carlisle, JA Jimenez, J Jia, JJ Osborn, K Callcott, TA Perera, RCC Underwood, JH Terminello, LJ Asfaw, A Himpsel, FJ AF Ederer, DL Carlisle, JA Jimenez, J Jia, JJ Osborn, K Callcott, TA Perera, RCC Underwood, JH Terminello, LJ Asfaw, A Himpsel, FJ TI Study of buried interfaces by soft x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy excited by synchrotron radiation SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID STANDING WAVES; EMISSION; SCATTERING; EXCITATION; RAMAN; LEVEL AB This article is a summary of four different aspects of soft x-ray spectroscopy that are being used or developed by our group to probe the interface. The first is to study the change in valence band fluorescence emission by mimicking a high density of interface atoms through the use of a multilayer. The second method uses an intense localized excited state to characterize the buried interface. The third uses Raman scattering to probe changes in band structure produced by stoichiometric changes in the valence band density of states for atoms at the interface. Finally, a method to study interface atoms by using valence emission from interface atoms that are excited by x-ray standing waves is being developed. (C) 1995 American Vacuum Society. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,ADV LIGHT SOURCE,BERKELEY,CA 94720. IBM CORP,THOMAS J WATSON RES CTR,YORKTOWN HTS,NY 10598. RP Ederer, DL (reprint author), TULANE UNIV,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118, USA. RI Jimenez-Mier, Jose/A-5081-2009 OI Jimenez-Mier, Jose/0000-0002-5939-9568 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 859 EP 866 DI 10.1116/1.580404 PN 1 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR134 UT WOS:A1996UR13400037 ER PT J AU Bartram, ME Moffat, HK AF Bartram, ME Moffat, HK TI Tetraethylorthosilicate reaction rates on SiO2 at 1000 K: Zero-order dependence on hydroxyl coverage and implications for reactions with three-membered siloxane rings SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TETRAETHOXYSILANE; MECHANISM; PYROLYSIS; SURFACES; QUALITY; SILICA AB We have determined key kinetic parameters for the reaction of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) on SiO2. This was accomplished under conditions (20-500 mTorr at 1000 K) that pertain directly to TEOS-based chemical vapor deposition processes. TEOS reactions were carried out using deuterated silanols (SiOD) on the initial SiO2 surface. This allowed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements to distinguish the consumption of SiOD by TEOS from the concurrent formation of SIGH which results from TEOS decomposition at 1000 K. While SiOD consumption did exhibit a first-order dependence on SiOD coverage, TEOS decomposition exhibited a zero-order dependence on the total coverage of hydroxyl groups. This suggests that reactions with hydroxyl groups alone cannot account for all of the TEOS decomposition reactions at 1000 K. Since the low coverage of two-membered siloxane [(Si-O)(2)] rings was consumed during the initial TEOS exposure, siloxane (Si-O-Si) bridges in three-membered siloxane [(Si-O)(3)] rings may be the additional species responsible for the constant rate of TEOS decomposition. However, it is not conclusive that this type of site-specific mechanism controls the chemistry. The data may also be explained with a site-independent mechanism in which intramolecular decomposition of TEOS on the surface provides a common rate-determining step for subsequent consumption of hydroxyls and siloxane bridges on SiO2. Regardless of the specific mechanism, our results predict that deposition rates will be insensitive to the relative coverages of siloxane bridges and hydroxyls on SiO2. Therefore, a precise knowledge of the coverages of these species on SiO2 is not essential for modeling thermal TEOS decomposition rates. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. RP Bartram, ME (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,CHEM PROC SCI DEPT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 872 EP 878 DI 10.1116/1.580406 PN 1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR134 UT WOS:A1996UR13400039 ER PT J AU Molvik, AW Rognlien, TD Byers, JA Cohen, RH Ellingboe, AR Hooper, EB McLean, HS Stallard, BW Vitello, PA AF Molvik, AW Rognlien, TD Byers, JA Cohen, RH Ellingboe, AR Hooper, EB McLean, HS Stallard, BW Vitello, PA TI Experiments and modeling of a helicon source SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID WAVES AB We report on experimental results from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Helicon Source plasma source and numerical models used to understand the observations. These include measurements of plasma density with Langmuir probes, and heating measurements with an electron energy analyzer to test transit-time heating. The models describe helicon wave excitation, and electron heating. The wave fields are calculated using the ANTENA code including collisional and electron Landau heating. Numerical and analytic models are used to describe transit-time heating of electrons and quantify the effect of collisions. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. RP Molvik, AW (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 984 EP 989 DI 10.1116/1.580067 PN 1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR134 UT WOS:A1996UR13400059 ER PT J AU Vartuli, CB Pearton, SJ Abernathy, CR Shul, RJ Howard, AJ Kilcoyne, SP Parmeter, JE HagerottCrawford, M AF Vartuli, CB Pearton, SJ Abernathy, CR Shul, RJ Howard, AJ Kilcoyne, SP Parmeter, JE HagerottCrawford, M TI High density plasma etching of III-V nitrides SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GALLIUM NITRIDE; GROWTH; GAN; SILICON; INN AB Two broad classes of plasma chemistry were examined for dry etching of GaN, ALN, and InN. The etch rates for CH4/H-2-based plasmas are low (similar to 400 Angstrom/min) even under high microwave power (1000 W) electron cyclotron resonance conditions. Halogen-based plasmas (Cl-2, I-2, Br-2) produce rates up to similar to 3000 Angstrom/min with smooth stoichiometric surfaces. Preferential sputtering of N occurs for high ion energies, leading to rough GaN surfaces at rf power above similar to 200 W. Etch rates for high ion density discharges are typically an order of magnitude faster than for conventional reactive ion etching. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Vartuli, CB (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1011 EP 1014 DI 10.1116/1.580123 PN 1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR134 UT WOS:A1996UR13400064 ER PT J AU Letts, SA Fearon, EM Allison, LM Cook, R AF Letts, SA Fearon, EM Allison, LM Cook, R TI Fabrication of special inertial confinement fusion targets using a depolymerizable mandrel technique SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID SHELLS AB A technique was developed for fabricating spherical shell targets for implosion physics experiments with diameters up to several millimeters and with unique structural features such as thin metal layers or texture on the inside surface. We start with a spherical bead or thin shell of poly(alpha-methylstyrene) (PAMS) of the desired size, which can be textured by laser photoablation or overcoated with a thin layer of diagnostic material. The mandrel is next overcoated with plasma polymer (CH) 2-50 mu m thick. Upon heating, the PAMS depolymerizes to a gaseous monomer which diffuses through the thermally stable plasma polymer coating leaving a hollow shell. Shells produced by this technique are uniform in wall thickness, and highly spherical. If the PAMS mandrel is textured, the mandrel topology is transferred to the inner wall of the plasma polymer shell. Likewise, thermally stable coatings on the mandrel are transferred to the inner shell wall. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. RP Letts, SA (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1015 EP 1018 DI 10.1116/1.580124 PN 1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR134 UT WOS:A1996UR13400065 ER PT J AU Brusasco, R Letts, S Miller, P Saculla, M Cook, R AF Brusasco, R Letts, S Miller, P Saculla, M Cook, R TI Preparation and characterization of beryllium doped organic plasma polymer coatings SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc AB We report the formation of beryllium doped plasma polymerized coatings derived from a helical resonator deposition apparatus, using diethylberyllium as the organometallic source. These coatings had an appearance not unlike plain plasma polymer and were relatively stable to ambient exposure. The coatings were characterized by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Coating rates approaching 0.7 mu m h(-1) were obtained with a beryllium-to-carbon ratio of 1:1.3. There is also a significant oxygen presence in the coating as well which is attributed to oxidation upon exposure of the coating to air. The XPS data show only one peak for beryllium with the preponderance of the XPS data suggesting that the beryllium exists as BeO. Diethylberyllium was found to be inadequate as a source for beryllium doped plasma polymer, due to thermal decomposition and low vapor recovery rates. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. RP Brusasco, R (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 5508-L-482,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1019 EP 1024 DI 10.1116/1.580125 PN 1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR134 UT WOS:A1996UR13400066 ER PT J AU Tuszewski, M Tobin, JA AF Tuszewski, M Tobin, JA TI Characterization of a low-frequency inductively coupled plasma source SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc AB A hemispherical inductively coupled plasma source is characterized with Langmuir probes, microwave interferometry, voltage, and current monitors, optical emission, and mass spectrometry. The plasma source is operated with up to 2 kW of 0.46 MHz rf power and with a 5 mTorr mixture of argon, oxygen, and hydrogen gases. The rf power is efficiently coupled to the plasma. The ion and neutral compositions show substantial dissociation and water vapor formation. Maps of ion density, electron temperature, and plasma potential are obtained that are consistent with diffusive particle transport and edge power deposition. The latter contributes to an excellent plasma radial uniformity near the bottom electrode. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. RP Tuszewski, M (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1096 EP 1101 DI 10.1116/1.580275 PN 1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR134 UT WOS:A1996UR13400081 ER PT J AU Shul, RJ Howard, AJ Vartuli, CB Barnes, PA Seng, W AF Shul, RJ Howard, AJ Vartuli, CB Barnes, PA Seng, W TI Temperature dependent electron cyclotron resonance etching of InP, GaP, and GaAs SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID CHLORINE PLASMA; ION; DAMAGE; ALGAAS; DISCHARGES; SMOOTH; GASB AB Electron cyclotron resonance etching of InP, GaP, and GaAs in Ar, Ar/Cl-2, Ar/Cl-2/H-2, and Ar/Cl-2/H-2/CH4 plasmas is reported for substrate temperatures from 10 to 170 degrees C. Etch rates increased as a function of temperature for GaP and GaAs in an Ar/Cl-2 plasma. With the addition of H-2 or H-2/CH4 to the plasma, the GaP and GaAs etch rates decreased and were essentially temperature independent. In comparison, InP etch rates showed a strong temperature dependence regardless of plasma chemistry. At 170 degrees C, InP etch rates were greater than Gap and GaAs in the Ar/Cl-2/H-2 and Ar/Cl-2/H-2/CH4 plasmas. Atomic force microscopy was used to determine the root-mean-square roughness of the etched surfaces. The etched surface morphology for InP was strongly dependent on temperature and plasma chemistry while smooth pattern transfer was obtained for a wide range of plasma conditions for GaAs and Gap. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. AUBURN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP Shul, RJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 19 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1102 EP 1106 DI 10.1116/1.580276 PN 1 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR134 UT WOS:A1996UR13400082 ER PT J AU Jia, QX Wu, XD Song, G Foltyn, SR AF Jia, QX Wu, XD Song, G Foltyn, SR TI Role of substrates for heteroepitaxial growth of low room-temperature resistivity RuO2 thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID SPUTTERED RUTHENIUM DIOXIDE; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FATIGUE; IRO2 AB Conductive RuO2 thin films were grown on different substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Films deposited on MgO are of (110) orientation and of polycrystalline nature, while highly crystalline RuO2 films can be heteroepitaxially grown on LaAlO3 and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates under proper processing conditions. The crystalline RuO2 thin films show metallic resistivity versus temperature characteristics and have a room-temperature resistivity of 35+/-2 mu Omega cm. A residual resistivity ratio (rho(300) (K)/rho(4.2 K)) Of around 5 has been achieved for the RuO2 thin films grown at a substrate temperature of 700 degrees C on both LaAlO3 and YSZ. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. RP Jia, QX (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1107 EP 1110 DI 10.1116/1.580277 PN 1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR134 UT WOS:A1996UR13400083 ER PT J AU Chen, KR Leboeuf, JN Wood, RF Geohegan, DB Donato, JM Liu, CL Puretzky, AA AF Chen, KR Leboeuf, JN Wood, RF Geohegan, DB Donato, JM Liu, CL Puretzky, AA TI Mechanisms affecting kinetic energies of laser-ablated materials SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc AB A dynamic source effect was found to accelerate the plume expansion velocity much higher than that from a conventional free-expansion model. A self-similar theory and a hydrodynamic model are developed to study this effect, which may help to explain experimentally observed high front expansion velocity. Background gas can also affect the kinetic energies. High background gas may cause the ablated materials to go backward. Experimentally observed plume splitting is also discussed. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 NATL CHANGHUA UNIV EDUC,DEPT PHYS,CHANGHUA 50058,TAIWAN. RP Chen, KR (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013 OI Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139 NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1111 EP 1114 DI 10.1116/1.580278 PN 1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR134 UT WOS:A1996UR13400084 ER PT J AU Denison, DR Barbour, JC Burkhart, JH AF Denison, DR Barbour, JC Burkhart, JH TI Low dielectric constant, fluorine-doped SiO2 for intermetal dielectric SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc AB Shrinking device geometry has produced a need for lower dielectric constant materials for intermetal dielectric to reduce circuit RC time constants and intertrace ''cross-talk'' capacitance and reduce power consumption at high frequency. One such material is F-doped SiO2. This study utilized an electron cyclotron resonance high-density oxygen plasma source to produce SiO2 from a mixture of SiH4 and SiF4, O-2, and Ar. The total silicon gas flow was held constant and the ratio of SiH4 to SiF4 was varied from 0% to 100%. The fluorine content was measured using nuclear resonance analysis (NRA) with the reaction F-19(p,alpha gamma)O-16. A comparison of the NRA data and the ratio of the Fourier transform infrared Si-F absorbance near 934 cm(-1) to the Si-O peak near 1080 cm(-1) gives a proportionality constant of 144. The refractive index and dielectric constant were determined as a function of fluorine content. The dielectric constant decreased linearly from 4.0 at zero F to 3.55 at 10.5 at. % F and the refractive index decreased from 1.474 to 1.417, Film stress, thermal stability, moisture absorption, and electrical breakdown were also measured. Film stress decreased from 150 to 70 MPa compressive as the F content increased. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Denison, DR (reprint author), LAM RES,FREMONT,CA 94538, USA. NR 6 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1124 EP 1126 DI 10.1116/1.580280 PN 1 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR134 UT WOS:A1996UR13400086 ER PT J AU Henderson, DO Tung, YS Ueda, A Mu, R Xue, Y Hall, C Collins, WE White, CW Zuhr, RA Zhu, JG Wang, PW AF Henderson, DO Tung, YS Ueda, A Mu, R Xue, Y Hall, C Collins, WE White, CW Zuhr, RA Zhu, JG Wang, PW TI Optical response from the ultraviolet to the far infrared and atomic force microscopy of Au implanted in CaF2 SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID IRREVERSIBLE KINETIC AGGREGATION; GOLD COLLOIDS; FRACTAL DIMENSION; PARTICLES; ABSORPTION; LIMITS AB Gold was implanted into randomly oriented single-crystal CaF2 hosts at doses of 1, 3, 6, and 10x10(16) ions/cm(2). The modifications of the host resulting from the ion implantation were characterized by measuring the optical response in the 0.0062-6.70 eV range and the changes in surface topography were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The implantation depth profiles were obtained by Rutherford backscattering measurements. In the as-implanted samples, a peak is observed at 2.33 eV in the electronic spectra which we attribute to the surface plasmon resonance of gold nanocrystals. The 1.24-0.099 eV range shows no significant difference compared to the spectra of the virgin host. However, the far-infrared spectra show a splitting in the longitudinal optical phonon and a decrease in the reflectivity of the transverse optical phonon as the ion dose increases. The surface topography changes from one where the scratch and dig features of the virgin substrate are clearly revealed in the constant force AFM measurements to one where the surface appears to be mottled by the ion implantation. Annealing the samples at 773 K brings about an increase in the surface plasmon intensity and a partial recovery of the intensity of the longitudinal optical phonon. Annealing the ion-implanted samples at temperatures significantly greater than 773 K leads to the development of craters on the CaF2 surface. The crater formation is expected to arise from a strain induced in the host by the growth of gold nanocrystals. Apparently, when the nanocrystals reach a certain size, a critical strain is induced in the crystal such that the primary channel for relaxation is spallation that leads to crater formation. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT PHYS,EL PASO,TX 79968. RP Henderson, DO (reprint author), FISK UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PHYS CHEM LAB,NASHVILLE,TN 37208, USA. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1199 EP 1204 DI 10.1116/1.580266 PN 1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR134 UT WOS:A1996UR13400101 ER PT J AU Hseuh, HC Snydstrup, L Mapes, M Pai, C AF Hseuh, HC Snydstrup, L Mapes, M Pai, C TI Beam vacuum system of Brookhaven's muon storage ring SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc AB A storage ring with a circumference of 45 m is being built at Brookhaven to measure the g-2 value of the muons to an accuracy of 0.35 ppm. The beam vacuum system of the storage ring will operate at 10(-7) Torr and has to be completely nonmagnetic. It consists of 12 sector chambers. The chambers are constructed of aluminum alloy and are approximately 3.5 m in length with a rectangular cross section 16.5 cm high by 45 cm at the widest point. The design features, fabrication techniques, and cleaning methods for these chambers are described. The beam vacuum system will be pumped by 48 nonmagnetic distributed ion pumps with a total pumping speed of over 2000 l/s. Monte Carlo simulations of the pressure distribution in the muon storage region are presented. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. RP Hseuh, HC (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,AGS DEPT,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1237 EP 1241 DI 10.1116/1.579934 PN 1 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR134 UT WOS:A1996UR13400109 ER PT J AU Foerster, CL Lanni, C Noonan, JR Rosenberg, RA AF Foerster, CL Lanni, C Noonan, JR Rosenberg, RA TI Photon stimulated desorption measurement of an extruded aluminum beam chamber for the advanced photon source SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID PHOTODESORPTION AB The Advanced Photon Source (APS), presently being commissioned, will produce x rays of unprecedented brightness. The high energy ring of the APS is a 7 GeV positron storage ring, 1104 m in circumference designed to operate at less than 10(-9) Torr with 300 mA of beam and a greater than 10 h lifetime. The storage ring vacuum chamber is constructed from an extruded 6063 aluminum alloy. During the construction phase, a 2.34-m-long section of the APS extruded aluminum chamber was set up on National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) X-ray Beamline X28A and photon stimulated desorption (PSD) was measured. Cleaning and preparation of the chamber was identical to that of the APS construction. In addition to the chamber, small samples of Al, Be, and Cu were also exposed to white light having a critical energy of 5 keV. In addition to PSD, measurements were made of the specular and diffuse scattering of photons. The chamber and samples were each exposed to a dose greater than 10(23) photons per m. Desorption yields for H-2, CO, CO2, CH4, and H2O are reported as a function of accumulated flux, critical energy, incidence angle, and preparation. These results are compared with previous results for aluminum on NSLS Beamline U10B and PSD results of other laboratories published for aluminum. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Foerster, CL (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Rosenberg, Richard/K-3442-2012 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1273 EP 1276 DI 10.1116/1.579940 PN 1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR134 UT WOS:A1996UR13400115 ER PT J AU Welch, KM Smart, LA Todd, RJ AF Welch, KM Smart, LA Todd, RJ TI Enhanced ignition of cold cathode gauges through the use of radioactive Isotopes SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc AB The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory comprises vacuum systems that range in pressure from 10(-4) to 10(-11) Torr. For cost savings associated with commonality, it is desirable to use one ultrahigh vacuum (UHV)-compatible high vacuum gauge throughout the accelerator. Work was done with radioactive isotopes to enhance ignition of inverted magnetron gauges at very low pressures (i.e., < 10(-10) Torr). Tests were initially conducted using cobalt-coated copper washers with a nickel flash to prevent oxidation. Solid nickel washers were also activated and tested. Problems with these sources will be discussed. Finally, an americium source was tested. The UHV-compatible americium sources yielded average ignition times of about 10 min at 4x10(-11) Ton: The addition of the americium source produced a gauge suitable for operation at UHV pressures, and as a consequence for all of the RHIC. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. RP Welch, KM (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1288 EP 1291 DI 10.1116/1.579943 PN 1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR134 UT WOS:A1996UR13400118 ER PT J AU Braski, DN Winters, ED AF Braski, DN Winters, ED TI Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of adhesion failure of Ni/Au-plated contacts in ceramic electronic packages SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc AB Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study a problem of poor adhesion of plated Ni/Au contact layers in ceramic electronic packages. XPS surveys showed that the Ni/Au films failed at the Mo contact pad/Ni interface. When the films were stripped, in situ, AES revealed a contamination layer of carbonaceous material on both the contact pad and mating surface of the stripped film. The XPS C Is peak obtained from the approximate to 20-nm-thick carbonaceous contamination layer on a freshly exposed pad surface matched that for the same peak taken from a special mounting wax used in a process step prior to plating. The surfaces of both the contamination and the wax exhibited a characteristic disappearance of the C=O band after approximate to 1 min of Ar-ion sputtering. Plating adhesion was restored after the cleaning solutions used prior to plating were changed more frequently to prevent wax buildup. C1 COORS ELECT PACKAGE CO,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37405. RP Braski, DN (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,HIGH TEMP MAT LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1348 EP 1351 DI 10.1116/1.579952 PN 2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR133 UT WOS:A1996UR13300007 ER PT J AU Liang, Y Baer, DR McCoy, JM LaFemina, JP AF Liang, Y Baer, DR McCoy, JM LaFemina, JP TI Interplay between step velocity and morphology during the dissolution of CaCO3 surface SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID CALCITE DISSOLUTION; GROWTH; KINETICS AB The interplay between the velocity and morphology of steps during the dissolution of the-cleaved CaCO3(<10(1)over bar 4>) surface in aqueous solution has been studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The experimental results were analyzed based on the terrace-ledge-kink model. Real-time AFM images show that, in the surface reaction regime, steps not only retreat at constant velocities which depend only on the atomic structure of the step, but also preserve a straight-edge morphology during the course of dissolution. The straight step morphology suggests that the nucleation of kinks is balanced by the annihilation of the kinks at the step during the dissolution. This result, along with the constant step velocity, can be explained in terms of a kink-kink annihilation process. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. RP Liang, Y (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961 NR 23 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1368 EP 1375 DI 10.1116/1.579956 PN 2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR133 UT WOS:A1996UR13300011 ER PT J AU Chambers, SA Gao, Y Thevuthasan, S Liang, Y Shivaparan, NR Smith, RJ AF Chambers, SA Gao, Y Thevuthasan, S Liang, Y Shivaparan, NR Smith, RJ TI Molecular beam epitaxial growth and characterization of mixed (Ti,Nb)O-2 rutile films on TiO2(100) SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID PHOTOELECTRON DIFFRACTION; SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACES AB Epitaxial films of mixed (Nb,Ti)O-2 rutile have been grown on TiO2(100) rutile at 600 degrees C by molecular beam epitaxy. These films grow in a laminar fashion for Nb mole fractions up to similar to 0.10. In addition, reflection high-energy and low-energy electron diffraction, along with x-ray photoelectron diffraction and Rutherford backscattering reveal that the overlayers possess excellent long- and short-range structure order up to 10 at. %. However, strain-induced disorder becomes prevalent for higher Nb mole fractions, and the surfaces roughen and become defected accordingly. X-ray photoelectron diffraction and Rutherford backscattering reveal that Nb atoms substitutionally incorporate at cation sites in the rutile lattice for all Nb mole fractions investigated, leading to a mixed rutile NbxTi1-xO2 phase. Analysis of Nb 3d and Ti 2p core-level binding energies reveals that the oxidation state of both Ti and Nb is +4. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, BOZEMAN, MT 59717 USA. RP Chambers, SA (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1387 EP 1394 DI 10.1116/1.579959 PN 2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR133 UT WOS:A1996UR13300014 ER PT J AU Mu, R Henderson, DO Tung, YS Ueda, A Hall, C Collins, WE White, CW Zuhr, RA Zhu, JG AF Mu, R Henderson, DO Tung, YS Ueda, A Hall, C Collins, WE White, CW Zuhr, RA Zhu, JG TI Electronic and vibrational spectra of InP quantum dot formed by sequential ion implantation SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID LAYERED SEMICONDUCTORS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; PARTICLES; MICROCRYSTALS; DEPENDENCE; CRYSTALS; GLASS AB Sequential ion implantation of indium and phosphorus into silica combined with controlled thermal annealing has proven to be a novel and effective technique to fabricate InP quantum dots in dielectric hosts. This technique has been applied to synthesize other III-V and II-VI quantum dots. Due to the unique bimodal distribution of the indium in a silica host and a stoichiometric mismatch between the indium and phosphorus concentration profiles, it is believed that two different-sized InP quantum dots were fabricated. More importantly, we have shown that the infrared reflectance technique is a very effective method to identify the species in the dielectric host and is also a powerful tool to investigate surface phonon modes. (C) 1994 American Vacuum Society. C1 FISK UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PHYS CHEM LAB,NASHVILLE,TN 37208. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1482 EP 1487 DI 10.1116/1.579973 PN 2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR133 UT WOS:A1996UR13300028 ER PT J AU Wang, LQ Shultz, AN Baer, DR Engelhard, MH AF Wang, LQ Shultz, AN Baer, DR Engelhard, MH TI Interactions of small molecules with TiO2(110) surfaces: The role of defects SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID FORMIC-ACID DECOMPOSITION; ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; TIO2; ADSORPTION; H2O; TIO2(001); WATER; CRYSTAL; 250-K AB In this article, the adsorption behavior and the surface redox reactivity among small molecules including N2O, O-2, H2O and HCOOH on TiO2(110) surfaces are compared. New measurements of the interaction of HCOOH with defect-free and defective TiO2(110) surfaces and initial results from N2O adsorption on defects are combined with earlier work involving O-2 and H2O. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) were used to monitor the amount of species adsorbed on the surface and the presence of electronic defects. The defective surfaces were prepared by Ar+ bombardment and electron-beam exposure. Both O-2 and N2O ''heal'' defects (defect healing means an observation of the reducing of defect state intensity in both XPS and UPS spectra) even if they do not readily stick on the TiO2(110) surfaces at 300 K. H2O also heals defects, but at a much slower rate than either O-2 or N2O. In contrast, HCOOH exposure produces little healing even though the rate of adsorption for HCOOH (with saturation exposure of 10(3) L) is much faster than for H2O. The interactions of small molecules with defective TiO2(110) surfaces involve not only the adsorption and dissociation of molecules on the surface but also the surface redox reaction in which the reduced Ti states (such as Ti3+) are oxidized by the surface adsorbates to Ti4+, resulting in the reduced Ti 3d defect intensity. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LQ (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, MAT & CHEM SCI CTR, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1532 EP 1538 DI 10.1116/1.580291 PN 2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR133 UT WOS:A1996UR13300037 ER PT J AU Erkkila, VJ Hoffbauer, MA White, JM AF Erkkila, VJ Hoffbauer, MA White, JM TI Photochemistry of O-2 on Ag(110) using picosecond ultraviolet laser pulses SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; ADSORPTION; SURFACE; EXCITATION AB Surface second-harmonic generation (SHG) was used to study the photochemical reaction of O-2 with Ag(110) using similar to 6 ps laser pulses. A clean well-ordered Ag(110) surface produces a strong SHG signal at 580 nm. The SHG signal measured in real time during O-2 exposure is sensitive to submonolayer coverages of O-2 and to the subsequent exposure of this system to picosecond ultraviolet laser pulses. Upon O-2 adsorption at 130 and 200 K, the signal decreases by more than a factor of 2 at saturation coverage. Langmuir adsorption kinetics are used to fit the O-2 dosage curves relating the decrease in SHG intensity to the oxygen coverage. Subsequent exposure of the surface dosed at 130 K to 290 nm light of the same pulse width also produces a change in the second-harmonic response. Combined with surface SHG temperature programmed desorption measurements, these results are correlated to the photochemical reaction taking place on the surface in which chemisorbed O-2 photodissociates and photodesorbs. The results of the surface photochemical reaction initiated by picosecond UV pulses are compared to those previously studied using continuous wave radiation and are found to have similar overall behavior while possibly showing some new features. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 UNIV TEXAS,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP Erkkila, VJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL DIV,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1552 EP 1556 DI 10.1116/1.580294 PN 2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR133 UT WOS:A1996UR13300040 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA Kuhn, M AF Rodriguez, JA Kuhn, M TI Interaction of sulfur and bimetallic surfaces: Fe-promoted sulfidation of Mo(110) SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; HYDRODESULFURIZATION CATALYSTS; METAL SULFIDES; SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; COBALT AB Iron promotes the interaction between S-2 and Mo(110). The exposure of Mo(110) to large amounts of S-2 produces only a chemisorbed layer of sulfur, without forming molybdenum sulfides. The sulfidation of Mo occurs after exposing Fe/Mo(110) surfaces to S-2 gas. Fe promotes the rate of formation of molybdenum sulfides by transferring charge to Mo (favoring in this way an electrophilic attack of S on Mo) and by changing the structure of the surface (making the penetration of S into the bulk of the sample easier). The thermal stabilities of the MoSx/Mo(110) and FeSy/MoSx/Mo(110) systems are comparable, with the bimetallic sulfide showing a somewhat lower decomposition temperature (similar to 1200 K). The behavior of FeMoS catalysts in hydrodesulfurization processes is discussed in light of these results. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1609 EP 1613 DI 10.1116/1.580305 PN 2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR133 UT WOS:A1996UR13300051 ER PT J AU Kelchner, CL DePristo, AE AF Kelchner, CL DePristo, AE TI Molecular dynamics simulation of multilayer homoepitaxial deposition on face-centered-cubic(100) metal surfaces SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID TEMPERATURE EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; THIN-FILM GROWTH; ENERGETIC DEPOSITION; MODELS AB Two features are observed to be important in the homoepitaxial deposition of 50 monolayers on Pd(100) and Cu(100) at 80 K. First, a fourfold hollow site that is missing one or more of its four supporting atoms on the surface (i.e., an overhang site) can be stable. This increases the surface roughness by allowing defects in the growing surface. Second, multiatom rearrangements occur during growth. These events decrease the local surface roughness by filling deep holes in the surface. Neither of these two features is included in currently used kinetic growth models. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Kelchner, CL (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1633 EP 1636 DI 10.1116/1.580309 PN 2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR133 UT WOS:A1996UR13300055 ER PT J AU Talin, AA Felter, TE Friedmann, TA Sullivan, JP Siegal, MP AF Talin, AA Felter, TE Friedmann, TA Sullivan, JP Siegal, MP TI Electron field emission from amorphous tetrahedrally bonded carbon films SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc AB Electron field emission from two amorphous, tetrahedrally bonded diamondlike carbon films, one with (a-tC:N), and a second without nitrogen doping (a-tC), prepared by pulsed laser deposition has been investigated using a scanning probe apparatus with micrometer spatial resolution. Electric fields of 100 V/mu m (180 V/mu m) were required to initiate emission from our a-tC:N (a-tC) films; however, once emission was established at a particular location, electrons could be drawn at average fields as low as 10 V/mu m (60 V/mu m) from the same region. The initiation of emission was concomitant with electrical discharges which were observed by video techniques. These discharges left craters with micrometer dimensions on the surfaces of otherwise smooth films. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Talin, AA (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 21 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1719 EP 1722 DI 10.1116/1.580326 PN 2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR133 UT WOS:A1996UR13300072 ER PT J AU Jung, DR Czanderna, AW Herdt, GC AF Jung, DR Czanderna, AW Herdt, GC TI Interactions and penetration at metal/self-assemble organic monolayer interfaces SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDIZED ALUMINUM SURFACE; NORMAL-ALKANOIC ACIDS; MOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES; 11-MERCAPTOUNDECANOIC ACID; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; THIN-FILMS; NA ATOMS; CHROMIUM; GOLD AB The purpose of research on metals (M) deposited onto self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is to understand the interactions between the metal and eventually metal oxide overlayers on well-ordered organic surfaces. Applications of M/SAM and inorganic/SAM research results to the understanding of real inorganic/organic interfaces in vacuum and under environmental conditions can potentially play a key role in the development of advanced devices with stable interfacial properties. The results of M/SAM studies to date are reviewed, M/SAM combinations ranked according to reactivity and penetration, and specific examples of reactive interfaces (Cu/COOH, and Cr/COOH) and nonreactive interfaces with penetration (Ag/COOH) are used to illustrate the extremes. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. RP Jung, DR (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 57 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1779 EP 1787 DI 10.1116/1.580336 PN 2 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR133 UT WOS:A1996UR13300082 ER PT J AU Bar, G Rubin, S Taylor, TN Swanson, BI Zawodzinski, TA Chow, JT Ferraris, JP AF Bar, G Rubin, S Taylor, TN Swanson, BI Zawodzinski, TA Chow, JT Ferraris, JP TI Patterned self-assembled monolayers of ferrocene and methyl terminated alkanethiols on gold: A combined electrochemical, scanning probe microscopy, and surface science study SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; REDOX; CHEMISTRY AB We prepared patterned self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) consisting of hexadecanethiol (16AT) and ferrocenyldodecanethiol (12FAT). The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, lateral force microscopy (LFM), Auger electron spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemistry and contact angle measurements. LFM images exhibit contrast even between surface regions of quite similar hydrophobicity. The 12FAT regions undergo irreversible chemical changes and become electrochemically inactive upon long exposure to the laboratory atmosphere. These chemical changes can be monitored by LFM, XPS, contact angle measurements and electrochemistry. The LFM images of the exposed and contaminated samples show a reversed frictional contrast relative to the LFM images of the fresh samples and to the LFM images of the exposed but ethanol-rinsed sample. Based on these observations, the mechanism of the LFM image contrast is discussed and other driving forces, arising not only from differences in hydrophobicity, but also from basic material properties such as elasticity, packing and contamination, are suggested. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV TEXAS,DALLAS,TX 75230. RP Bar, G (reprint author), UNIV FREIBURG,FREIBURGER MAT FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM,STEFAN MEIER STR 21,D-79104 FREIBURG,GERMANY. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1794 EP 1800 DI 10.1116/1.580338 PN 2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR133 UT WOS:A1996UR13300084 ER PT J AU Simpson, WC Shuh, DK Hung, WH Hakansson, MC Kanski, J Karlsson, UO Yarmoff, JA AF Simpson, WC Shuh, DK Hung, WH Hakansson, MC Kanski, J Karlsson, UO Yarmoff, JA TI Role of surface stoichiometry in the Cl-2/GaAs(001) reaction SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID GAAS(100) SURFACES; GAAS 100; CHLORINE; ADSORPTION; CL2; AES AB The room-temperature reaction of Cl-2 with GaAs(001)-4x6, -c(2x8), and -c(4x4) surfaces is studied with synchrotron soft x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The chemical composition of the reacted surfaces is found to depend on the stoichiometry of the starting surface. In all cases, the reaction occurs stepwise, with Ga and As monochlorides formed prior to the dichlorides. The Ga-rich surface is initially more reactive than either of the As-rich surfaces and it forms more GaCl than the As-rich surfaces, which instead form more AsCl. The sticking coefficient for chlorine on GaAs(001) decays exponentially with coverage. A contribution from Cl atoms comprising the surface dichlorides is identified in the Cl 2p core-level spectra. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT PHYS,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV SCI MAT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV SCI MAT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. SYNCHROTRON RADIAT RES CTR,HSINCHU,TAIWAN. LUND UNIV,INST PHYS,DEPT SYNCHROTRON RADIAT RES,S-22362 LUND,SWEDEN. CHALMERS UNIV TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,S-41296 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. ROYAL INST TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS MAT,S-10044 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1815 EP 1821 DI 10.1116/1.580342 PN 2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR133 UT WOS:A1996UR13300088 ER PT J AU Gardner, WL AF Gardner, WL TI Determination of diamond growth rate in a flow tube geometry as a function of measured atomic hydrogen density SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SCALING LAWS; FILM GROWTH; KINETICS AB Present diamond deposition reactors have been very successful in furthering our understanding of how diamond grows at low pressures. However, their primary disadvantage is that changes in reactor conditions (e.g., filament temperature or microwave power, substrate temperature, and CH4:H-2 concentration ratio in methane-based reactors) change all chemical species and their relationships. Changes in diamond growth created by independent changes to a single species are not directly accessible. For example, it is known that making atomic hydrogen is required for the growth of diamond films. However, changes to film growth rate have not been tied quantitatively to changes in the amount of atomic hydrogen available. A high-yield atomic hydrogen source was fabricated and pretested in a diamond growth setup. A previously developed atomic hydrogen sensor was used to measure atomic hydrogen density output as a function of both power and pressure. Diamond was then grown as a function of atomic hydrogen density, and growth rate was shown to be linear with density with a lower bound relationship of 0.27 mu m/h/10(16) cm(-3). Since the magnitude and trend of the data appear to be inconsistent with other reported results, they are analyzed with respect to a simplified growth model. Based on reasonable assumptions, we conclude that the data are consistent with growth rate being independent of surface atomic hydrogen concentration and linear with methyl radical concentration. Because sufficient methyl radical density is produced through the interaction of atomic hydrogen with methane with correspondingly negligible reduction in total atomic hydrogen density, it is inferred that growth rate linearity with atomic hydrogen enters only through the production of methyl radical. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. RP Gardner, WL (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1938 EP 1942 DI 10.1116/1.580364 PN 2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UR133 UT WOS:A1996UR13300110 ER PT J AU Adams, DP Mayer, TM Swartzentruber, BS AF Adams, DP Mayer, TM Swartzentruber, BS TI Nanometer-scale lithography on Si(001) using adsorbed H as an atomic layer resist SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; METALLIC FEATURES; SURFACE; ELECTRONS; HYDROGEN; EMISSION; SILICON AB We describe nanometer-scale feature definition in adsorbed hydrogen layers on Si(001) surfaces by exposure to low energy electrons from a scanning tunneling microscope tip. Feature sizes range from < 5 to > 40 nm as a function of bias voltage (5-30 V) and exposure dose (1-10(4) mu C/cm). We show that the cross section for electron stimulated desorption of hydrogen has a threshold at 6-8 eV and is nearly constant from 10 to 30 eV, so that above threshold the feature profiles are a direct reflection of the electron flux profile at the surface. Radial flux distributions are best fit by a simple exponential function, where the decay length is dependent primarily on the tip-sample separation. Low intensity tails at large radius are also observed for high bias emission. Comparison to field emission simulations shows that our tip has an ''effective radius'' of approximately 30 nm. Simulations demonstrate that tip geometry and tip-sample separation play the dominant role in defining the electron flux distribution, and that optimum beam diameter at the sample is obtained at small tip-sample separation (low bias) with sharp tips. We show that adsorbed hydrogen is a robust resist that can be used as a mask for selective area deposition of metals by chemical vapor deposition. Fe lines 10 nm wide are deposited by pyrolysis of Fe(CO)(5) in areas where H has been desorbed, with minimal nucleation in the H-passivated areas. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. RP SANDIA NATL LABS, POB 5800, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. NR 39 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 8 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1642 EP 1649 DI 10.1116/1.589204 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA UU480 UT WOS:A1996UU48000012 ER PT J AU Gorbatkin, SM Poker, DB Rhoades, RL Doughty, C Berry, LA Rossnagel, SM AF Gorbatkin, SM Poker, DB Rhoades, RL Doughty, C Berry, LA Rossnagel, SM TI Cu metallization using a permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasma/sputtering hybrid system SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID PLASMA; DEPOSITION; FIELD AB A permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasma source has been coupled to a copper sputter target to produce ionized copper fluxes for submicron integrated circuit metallization. A custom launcher assembly allows the use of microwave powers up to 5 kW in a metal deposition environment to produce plasma densities >10(12) cm(-3), well above the cutoff density at 2.45 GHz of similar to 1x10(11) cm(-3). Six hundred nm, 1.1:1 aspect ratio features have been filled with copper, and 250 nm, 6:1 aspect ratio features have been successfully lined. Copper ionization fractions for the conditions used for lining and filling, determined by a combination of Langmuir probe measurements and optical emission spectroscopy, are between 10% and 35%. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 IBM CORP,THOMAS J WATSON RES CTR,YORKTOWN HTS,NY 10598. RP Gorbatkin, SM (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1853 EP 1859 DI 10.1116/1.588566 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA UU480 UT WOS:A1996UU48000044 ER PT J AU Fleming, JG Ohlberg, DAA Felter, T Malinowski, M AF Fleming, JG Ohlberg, DAA Felter, T Malinowski, M TI Fabrication and testing of vertical metal edge emitters with well defined gate to emitter separation SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference (IVMC 95) CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1995 CL PORTLAND, OR SP IEEE, ARPA, NRL, Japan Soc Promot Sci, AVS AB Vertical metal edge emitter arrays with well defined gate to emitter separations have been fabricated. The emitter to gate spacing is determined by the thickness of a deposited layer which can also serve as a current limiting resistor. Current limiting resistors can also be formed by a self-aligned etch of the underlying substrate. Parts with 300 nm emitter to gate spacing created using a chemical mechanical polishing based process begin to emit at as low as 60 V. While those created using a reactive ion etching process with 200 nm emitter to gate spacing begin to emit at 40 V. Emission stability is good and dc current densities of up to 3 A/cm(2) from 100 emitter arrays on a close packed 5 mu m pitch have been demonstrated. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. RP Fleming, JG (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,MS 1084,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1958 EP 1962 DI 10.1116/1.588963 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA UU480 UT WOS:A1996UU48000067 ER PT J AU Spallas, JP Boyd, RD Britten, JA Fernandez, A Hawryluk, AM Perry, MD Kania, DR AF Spallas, JP Boyd, RD Britten, JA Fernandez, A Hawryluk, AM Perry, MD Kania, DR TI Fabrication of sub-0.5 mu m diameter cobalt dots on silicon substrates and photoresist pedestals on 50cmx50cm glass substrates using laser interference lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference (IVMC 95) CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1995 CL PORTLAND, OR SP IEEE, ARPA, NRL, Japan Soc Promot Sci, AVS AB We have fabricated arrays of 120-nm-diam cobalt dot masks on 300 nm centers using laser interference lithography. The density of the cobalt dot arrays is >10(9) dots/cm(2). The standard deviation of the average cobalt dot diameter is 7.4% over a 5-cm-diam silicon substrate. Single crystal silicon pedestals were formed using a chrome dot mask array to demonstrate that these subquarter micrometer features can be used to fabricate high density self-aligned gated field emitter arrays. We have exposed uniform photoresist pedestals on 50 cm X 50 cm glass substrates using laser interference lithography to demonstrate that this technique can be scaled to expose large areas. The base diameter of the photoresist pedestals is 330 nm and the height is 250 nm. The center-to-center spacing is 670 nm. The standard deviation of the base diameter of the photoresist pedestals is 3% over an 8 mu m X 8 mu m region. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. RP Spallas, JP (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 5 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 2005 EP 2007 DI 10.1116/1.588974 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA UU480 UT WOS:A1996UU48000078 ER PT J AU Chen, KM Jesson, DE Pennycook, SJ Thundat, T Warmack, RJ AF Chen, KM Jesson, DE Pennycook, SJ Thundat, T Warmack, RJ TI New insights into the kinetics of the stress-driven two-dimensional to three-dimensional transition SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy CY SEP 17-20, 1995 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD HO UNIV MARYLAND ID STABILITY; SI(100); SURFACES; ISLANDS; FILMS AB We have systematically investigated the morphological evolution of Ge0.5Si0.5 strained films during postdeposition annealing. The changes of the surface structure are found to follow the kinetic route of strain relaxation at different stages. A number of interesting features are revealed, which include the existence of an energy barrier to the two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) transition, and a self-limiting effect in the growth kinetics of strained 3D islands. We demonstrate that the annealing approach provides a new way to grow coherent islands with uniform size. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,HLTH SCI RES DIV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Chen, KM (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Jesson, David/0000-0003-0897-1445 NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3 BP 2199 EP 2202 DI 10.1116/1.588899 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA UU480 UT WOS:A1996UU48000120 ER PT J AU WoldeGabriel, G Broxton, DE Frank, M AF WoldeGabriel, G Broxton, DE Frank, M TI Mineralogy and temporal relations of coexisting authigenic minerals in altered silicic tuffs and their utility as potential low-temperature dateable minerals SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PEACH SPRINGS TUFF; CALIFORNIA; GEOCHRONOLOGY; ARIZONA AB Coexisting fine-grained (0.1-20 mu m) authigenic silicate minerals separated from altered tuffs in Miocene and PlioPleistocene lacustrine deposits were characterized petrographically and using X-ray powder diffraction. The authigenic minerals are dominated by clinoptilolite, erionite, phillipsite, K-feldspar, silica, calcite, smectite, and randomly interstratified illite/smectite. Minor accessories of opal-CT, cristobalite, and barite are present with the major alteration minerals. Authigenic minerals from altered tuffs were dated using the K/Ar method to evaluate the utility of these minerals for determining the time of alteration in low-temperature diagenetic environments. The eruption ages of some of these zeolite-rich tuffs were determined using the Ar-40/Ar-39 method on single sanidine and plagioclase minerals. The K/Ar isotopic ages of the fine-grained K-feldspar show minimal variation compared with results from the clinoptilolite separates. The isotopic ages from the authigenic K-feldspar (15-13.8 Ma) and some of the zeolites (16.2-6.7 Ma) are similar to the eruption ages of the tuffs and indicate early alteration. Despite their open-framework structure, zeolites apparently can retain part or all of their radiogenic argon under favorable conditions (e.g., saturated environment). How much of the radiogenic argon is retained is estimated from the isotopic ages of other coexisting secondary minerals that are commonly dated by the K/Ar method. Although zeolite isotopic ages should be interpreted with caution, they may be useful to constrain temporal relations of low-temperature diagenetic processes when used in conjunction with other dateable minerals. RP WoldeGabriel, G (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI,EES-1,MS D462,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 71 IS 2-4 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1016/0377-0273(95)00064-X PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA UT297 UT WOS:A1996UT29700004 ER PT J AU Goff, F AF Goff, F TI Vesicle cylinders in vapor-differentiated basalt flows SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FE-TI OXIDES; EQUILIBRIUM; OLIVINE AB Vesicle cylinders are vertical pipes filled with bubbles and residual melt that differentiate from diktytaxitic basalt flows during crystallization. They grow from about 0.25 m above the base of the flow to the bottom of the chilled flow top. Field relations limit their growth to the period between cessation of lava movement and deep penetration of columnar joints. Basalts containing vesicle cylinders show positive correlations among increasing cylinder abundance, increasing lava porosity, and increasing groundmass crystal size. These features suggest unusually high water contents in the magma before eruption. Although both Vesicle cylinders and host lava are ''basaltic'', the cylinders are enriched in elements not removed by the initial crystallization of the host: Fe, Mn, Ti, Na, K, P and many incompatible trace elements. The last residues to solidify within the cylinders consist of dacitic-rhyolitic glass, Fe-Ti oxides, anorthoclase, apatite +/- fayalite +/- aegerine. Geothermometry indicates that the cylinders began forming at similar to 1100-1075 degrees C but ceased crystallizing at similar to 950 degrees C. Pre-eruptive, high-temperature, iddingsite alteration of olivine phenocrysts in many lavas containing vesicle cylinders shows that the f(O2) of the magmas was extremely high at eruption (similar to 10(-4)). After eruption, the f(O2) of the lavas fell dramatically to values of about 10(-11) and conditions paralleled the FMQ buffer to final crystallization. Because the iddingsite forms before eruption, the magmas may become relatively oxidizing by addition of meteoric water late in their evolution. Oxygen-18 analyses of four basalt-differentiate pairs suggest that meteoric water addition has occurred in some of the magmas. Field relations and thermal profiles of cooling lava flows limit the growth period of vesicle cylinders to 1-5 days after flows of typical thickness (3-10 m) come to rest. Estimated viscosities of host lavas and frothy differentiate during cylinder growth are less than or equal to 10(6) and similar to 10(4) poise, respectively. Although an adequate quantitative model describing growth of vesicle cylinders does not exist, they apparently form by bubble nucleation and resulting density instability above the rising lower solidification front of the cooling flows. As the coalesced bubbles rise, residual melt and additional vapor migrate into the low-pressure, vertical discontinuity formed by the plume. RP Goff, F (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 44 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 71 IS 2-4 BP 167 EP 185 DI 10.1016/0377-0273(95)00073-9 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA UT297 UT WOS:A1996UT29700005 ER PT J AU Werb, Z Sympson, CJ Alexander, CM Thomasset, N Lund, LR MacAuley, A Ashkenas, J Bissell, MJ AF Werb, Z Sympson, CJ Alexander, CM Thomasset, N Lund, LR MacAuley, A Ashkenas, J Bissell, MJ TI Extracellular matrix remodeling and the regulation of epithelial-stromal interactions during differentiation and involution SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Gottinger Symposium on Renal Fibrosis - Prevention and Progression CY JUL 07-09, 1995 CL GOTTINGEN, GERMANY SP Int Soc Nephrol ID RAT MAMMARY-GLAND; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROTEINASES; METALLOPROTEINASES; INHIBITORS; LAMININ; CELLS AB An intact basement membrane is essential for the proper function, differentiation and morphology of many epithelial cells. The disruption or remodeling of the basement membrane occurs during normal development as well as in the disease state. To examine the importance of basement membrane during development in vivo, we altered the matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases balance in mammary gland. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase synthesis by glucocorticoids or implants or transgenic overexpression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 delays matrix degradation and the involution process after weaning. The mammary glands from transgenic mice that inappropriately express autoactivating isoforms of stromelysin-1 are both functionally and morphologically altered throughout development. Transgenic mammary glands have supernumerary branches, and show precocious development of alveoli that express beta-casein expression and undergo unscheduled apoptosis during pregnancy. This is accompanied by progressive development of an altered stroma, which becomes fibrotic after postweaning involution, and by development of neoplasias. These data suggest that metalloproteinases and disruption of the basement membrane may play key roles in branching morphogenesis of mammary gland, cell cycle, apoptosis, and stromal fibrosis as well as in induction and progression of breast cancer. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94143. RP Werb, Z (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,RADIOBIOL & ENVIRONM HLTH LAB,BOX 0750,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 49 SU 54 BP S68 EP S74 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA UG024 UT WOS:A1996UG02400016 ER PT J AU Thomas, RC Yang, HC DiRubio, CR Ricco, AJ Crooks, RM AF Thomas, RC Yang, HC DiRubio, CR Ricco, AJ Crooks, RM TI Chemically sensitive surface acoustic wave devices employing a self-assembled composite monolayer film: Molecular specificity and effects due to self-assembled monolayer adsorption time and gold surface morphology SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID PHASE PROBE MOLECULES; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; CONFINED MONOLAYERS; ORGANIC MONOLAYERS; GAS-ANALYSIS; SENSORS; MICROSENSORS; DESIGN; ARRAY; RESPONSES AB The selectivity, sensitivity, and reproducibility of SAW chemical sensors functionalized with a carboxylate-coordinated Cu2+-terminated surface are examined in relation to the interfacial properties of these organomercaptan self-assembled monolayer (SAM) films, prepared from the solution phase for adsorption times of 36, 84, or 180 h on Au surfaces having variable, controlled grain sizes. SAM adsorption time and the grain size of the Au film can dramatically affect the response to adsorption from the vapor phase onto the composite monolayer-modified SAW device. It is proposed that the varied response results from differences in molecular packing and, particularly, in the ordering of the end groups of the monolayer film that provide the chemically sensitive interface. These studies provide an important step toward reliably fabricating chemical sensors that respond to specific classes of organic analytes. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,MICROSENSOR RES & DEV DEPT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. SANDIA NATL LABS,SURFACE & INTERFACE SCI DEPT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT CHEM,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RI Ricco, Antonio/A-5273-2010; OI Ricco, Antonio/0000-0002-2355-4984 NR 58 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 12 IS 9 BP 2239 EP 2246 DI 10.1021/la950498w PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA UJ056 UT WOS:A1996UJ05600020 ER PT J AU Burton, H AF Burton, H TI Wired women: Gender and new realities in Cyberspace - Cherny,L, Weise,ER SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Burton, H (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 121 IS 8 BP 120 EP 120 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA UK201 UT WOS:A1996UK20100162 ER PT J AU Kreitmeier, SN Noid, DW Sumpter, BG AF Kreitmeier, SN Noid, DW Sumpter, BG TI Quantum-Monte-Carlo simulations on linear chains SO MACROMOLECULAR THEORY AND SIMULATIONS LA English DT Article ID RANDOM-WALK; ELECTRON SYSTEMS; CHEMISTRY AB The diffusion Quantum-Monte-Carlo method is applied to a set of coupled oscillators as a first approach to a polyethylene chain. The obtained energy eigenvalues are in good agreement with normal mode analysis. For chains shorter than 50 atoms a distinction between center oscillators and end oscillators is possible. For longer chains non-negligible deviations are discussed. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Kreitmeier, SN (reprint author), UNIV REGENSBURG,INST EXP & ANGEW PHYS,D-93040 REGENSBURG,GERMANY. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUTHIG & WEPF VERLAG PI BASEL PA AUF DEM WOLF 4 FX#001-41-61-317-94-11, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-1344 J9 MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL JI Macromol. Theory Simul. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 5 IS 3 BP 365 EP 380 DI 10.1002/mats.1996.040050301 PG 16 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA UN870 UT WOS:A1996UN87000001 ER PT J AU Cohen, ML AF Cohen, ML TI Structural, electronic and optical properties of carbon nitride SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on the Science of Hard Materials (ICSHM 5) CY FEB 20-24, 1995 CL MAUI, HI SP Kennametal Inc, KMS Instruments, Norton Co, Reed Tool Co, Elsevier Sci SA DE electronic properties; optical properties; carbon nitride ID BULK MODULI; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SOLIDS; SEMICONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; PHASE AB Carbon nitride was proposed as a superhard material and a structural prototype, beta-C3N4, was examined using several theoretical models. Some reports claiming experimental verifications have been made recently. The current status of the theory and experiment is reviewed, and a detailed discussion is presented of calculations of the electronic and optical properties of this material. These calculations predict that beta-C3N4 will have a minimum gap which is indirect at 6.4+/-0.5 eV. A discussion of the possibility of carbon nitride nanotubes is also presented. RP UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DIV MAT SCI, DEPT PHYS, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 33 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 209 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/0921-5093(95)10120-9 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA UT952 UT WOS:A1996UT95200002 ER PT J AU Suematsu, H Petrovic, JJ Mitchell, TE AF Suematsu, H Petrovic, JJ Mitchell, TE TI Plastic deformation of silicon nitride single crystals SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on the Science of Hard Materials (ICSHM 5) CY FEB 20-24, 1995 CL MAUI, HI SP Kennametal Inc, KMS Instruments, Norton Co, Reed Tool Co, Elsevier Sci SA DE silicon nitride; plastic deformation; single crystals ID ANISOTROPY AB The plastic deformation behavior of silicon nitride single crystals was tested by two different methods: high temperature compression and room temperature hardness anisotropy. Macroscopic plastic deformation was observed above 1820 degrees C at a strain rate of 2 x 10(-5) s(-1). In the deformed crystals two kinds of dislocations were found. One belonged to the slip system of <[11(2)over bar 0]><{1(1)over bar 01}>. The other had a pseudo helical morphology with a Burgers vector of [0001]. Knoop hardness testing revealed that silicon nitride had isotropic character in terms of hardness. This facts supports the idea that <[11(2)over bar 0]><{1(1)over bar 01}> is also the primary slip system in silicon nitride at room temperature. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RP NATL INST RES INORGAN MAT, 1-1 NAMIKI, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI 305, JAPAN. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 209 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 102 DI 10.1016/0921-5093(95)10136-5 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA UT952 UT WOS:A1996UT95200017 ER PT J AU Mari, D Krawitz, AD Richardson, JW Benoit, W AF Mari, D Krawitz, AD Richardson, JW Benoit, W TI Residual stress in WC-Co measured by neutron diffraction SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on the Science of Hard Materials (ICSHM 5) CY FEB 20-24, 1995 CL MAUI, HI SP Kennametal Inc, KMS Instruments, Norton Co, Reed Tool Co, Elsevier Sci SA DE neutron diffraction; residual stress; thermal expansion ID TUNGSTEN CARBIDE AB Large thermal residual microstresses (TRS) can develop in WC-Co composites owing to the difference of the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of the constituents. The variation with temperature of average stresses in a WC-11 wt.% Co sample were studied between room temperature and 1273 K by measuring the cell parameters of cobalt and WC using neutron diffraction. WC powder was also measured to provide stress free reference standards. At room temperature, a hydrostatic compressive stress of about 500 MPa was measured in the WC. The evolution of TRS shows two temperature domains. The low temperature domain (300 < T < 1000 K) is characterised by a decrease of residual stress magnitude as the temperature is increased. The high temperature domain (T > 1000 K) is characterized by an increase of residual stress in WC, a rapid increase of Co lattice parameter, and a hysteresis between the heating and cooling cycles. A model, based on Eshelby's equivalent inclusion method, predicts the observed behavior in both domains. In the low temperature domain, the CTE mismatch between WC and Co accounts for the decrease of TRS upon heating. In the high temperature domain, the system is modelled by the solution of a layer of WC in the Co, which increases the Co lattice parameter and leads to an increase of compressive stress in WC. The model indicates that there is 2.09 at.% W in solution in the cobalt. The hysteresis is attributed to a difference in the heating and cooling kinetics of solution-precipation of W from WC and WCo3. The results are compared with the mechanical properties of WC-Co. C1 MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. ARGONNE NATL LAB, IPNS DIV, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. RP ECOLE POLYTECH FED LAUSANNE, PSE, ACME, INST GENIE ATOM, CH-1015 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND. NR 34 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 209 IS 1-2 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1016/0921-5093(95)10147-0 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA UT952 UT WOS:A1996UT95200030 ER PT J AU Tiegs, TN Alexander, KB Plucknett, KP Menchhofer, PA Becher, PF Waters, SB AF Tiegs, TN Alexander, KB Plucknett, KP Menchhofer, PA Becher, PF Waters, SB TI Ceramic composites with a ductile Ni3Al binder phase SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on the Science of Hard Materials (ICSHM 5) CY FEB 20-24, 1995 CL MAUI, HI SP Kennametal Inc, KMS Instruments, Norton Co, Reed Tool Co, Elsevier Sci SA DE hardmetal composites; ceramic powders ID MEASURING FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; INDENTATION TECHNIQUES AB Composites of B-doped ductile Ni3Al alloys with both non-oxide (WC, TiC) and oxide (Al2O3) ceremic powders were produced by hot-pressing. The Ni3Al alloys wet the non-oxide ceramic powders well and form a semi-continuous intergranular phase. However, the Ni3Al alloys do not wet the oxide powders well and tend to form discrete ''islands'' of the metallic phase. Mechanical property testing showed the flexural strength is retained to temperatures of at least 800 degrees C. The fracture toughness and hardness were found to be equal to or higher than comparable Go-based hardmetal systems. Initial corrosion tests showed excellent resistance to acid solutions. RP OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RI Menchhofer, Paul/E-1529-2017 OI Menchhofer, Paul/0000-0001-9475-314X NR 19 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 209 IS 1-2 BP 243 EP 247 DI 10.1016/0921-5093(95)10128-4 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA UT952 UT WOS:A1996UT95200037 ER PT J AU Singh, JP Singh, D AF Singh, JP Singh, D TI Effects of high-temperature environments on flaw generation and fracture behavior of SiC/SiC composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on the Science of Hard Materials (ICSHM 5) CY FEB 20-24, 1995 CL MAUI, HI SP Kennametal Inc, KMS Instruments, Norton Co, Reed Tool Co, Elsevier Sci SA DE high-temperature environments; fracture; fibres; composites; SiC ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; STRENGTH DISTRIBUTION; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; FIBERS AB Flaw generation and fracture behavior in Nicalon fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composites are influenced by high temperatures. We evaluated the effects by measuring strength at several temperatures ranging from 800 to 1300 degrees C, and by microstructural characterization. While composite strength increased from approximate to 400 MPa at room temperature to approximate to 532 MPa at 800 degrees C, it decreased to approximate to 270 MPa at 1300 degrees C. Such degradation of composite strength at high temperature is believed to be related to fiber degradation. In-situ fiber strength in composites tested at room and elevated temperatures was estimated by fractographic techniques. The in-situ strength of fibers in composites was significantly lower than that of as-received fibers. This decrease is believed to be related to flaws that develop during processing and to exposure to elevated-temperature service environments. RP Singh, JP (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY TECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 209 IS 1-2 BP 248 EP 250 DI 10.1016/0921-5093(95)10117-9 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA UT952 UT WOS:A1996UT95200038 ER PT J AU Bae, YW Lee, WY Besmann, TM Yust, CS Blau, PJ AF Bae, YW Lee, WY Besmann, TM Yust, CS Blau, PJ TI Preparation and friction characteristics of self-lubricating TiN-MoS2 composite coatings SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on the Science of Hard Materials (ICSHM 5) CY FEB 20-24, 1995 CL MAUI, HI SP Kennametal Inc, KMS Instruments, Norton Co, Reed Tool Co, Elsevier Sci SA DE friction; composite coatings; chemical composition ID ENDURANCE; FILMS AB Composite coatings consisting of discrete phases of TiN and MoS2 were codeposited on graphite and Ti-6A1-4V substrates from Ti((CH3)(2)N)(4)/NH3/MoF6/H2S gas mixtures. Chemical composition and microstructure of the coatings were characterized by Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Friction coefficients at room temperature in air were typically in the range of 0.07 to 0.3. The friction coefficients remained comparable at 573 K, but increased to 0.7 to 1.0 at 673 K. A friction coefficient value of similar to 0.3 was, however, obtained from a composite coating tested at 973 K. RP Bae, YW (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 12 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 209 IS 1-2 BP 372 EP 376 DI 10.1016/0921-5093(95)10149-7 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA UT952 UT WOS:A1996UT95200057 ER PT J AU Lu, YX Hoelzer, DT Schulze, WA Tuttle, B Potter, BG AF Lu, YX Hoelzer, DT Schulze, WA Tuttle, B Potter, BG TI Grain-oriented ferroelectric bismuth titanate thin film prepared from acetate precursor SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bismuth titanate thin films; acetate AB Bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12) thin films were fabricated by a spin coating deposition and rapid thermal processing (RTP) technique. The acetate-derived solution for deposition was synthesized by blending dissolved bismuth acetate in aqueous acetic acid and then adding titanium acetate. A series of electrically insulating, semiconducting and conducting substrates were evaluated for Bi4Ti3O12 films deposition. X-ray diffraction indicated that the initial crystallization temperature of the Bi4Ti3O12 films was 500 degrees C or less; a 700 degrees C crystallization treatment was used to obtain single phase films. The Bi4Ti3O12 film crystallographic orientation is shown to depend on three factors: substrate type, number of coating layers; and thermal processing. While preferred c-direction orientation was observed for films deposited on silver foil substrates, preferred a-direction orientation was obtained for films deposited on both Si and Pt coated Si wafers. The films were dense, smooth, crack-free and had grain sizes ranging from 20 to 400 nm. Film thickness and refractive index were determined using a combination of ellipsometry, waveguide refractometry and TEM techniques. The refractive index is close to the value of single crystal BIT. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Lu, YX (reprint author), ALFRED UNIV,NEW YORK STATE COLL CERAM,ALFRED,NY 14802, USA. RI Hoelzer, David/L-1558-2016 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1016/0921-5107(95)01432-2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA UT511 UT WOS:A1996UT51100007 ER PT J AU Swenson, D Chang, YA AF Swenson, D Chang, YA TI On the constitution of some Ga-M-P systems (where M represents Co, Rh, Ir, Ni or Pt) SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE metal gallides; phase equilibria ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LATTICE-PARAMETER; GROWTH; STABILITY; BARRIER; FILMS AB Phase equilibria are established in the GaP-rich regions of five Ga-M-P systems (where M represents Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, or Pt) at 700 degrees C (or 600 degrees C for the Ni-bearing sample) using X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of the present;study, in conjunction with previous work on the Ga-Pd-P system, give a complete picture of phase equilibria between GaP and the gallides and phosphides of the Co and Ni groups. Based on these data, it concluded that many binary metal gallides, including CoGa3, CoGa, Rh2Ga9, RhGa3, Rh10Ga17, RhGa, Ir2Ga9, IrGa3, Ni2Ga3, PdGa, Pt3Ga7, PtGa2 and Pt2Ga3, may potentially serve as contact materials for use in high-temperature GaP-based electronic devices. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Swenson, D (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,L-370,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 52 EP 61 DI 10.1016/0921-5107(95)01520-5 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA UT511 UT WOS:A1996UT51100009 ER PT J AU Xu, P Morris, JW AF Xu, P Morris, JW TI Computer simulation of reversible martensitic transformations SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB This article reports the results of computer simulation studies of reversible, athermal martensitic transformations in idealized, two-dimensional crystals. The transformation is accomplished by sequentially transforming elementary cells. The model accounts for the elastic strain developed during the transformation, assuming homogeneous elastic constants, negligible interfacial tension, and no external stress. The effects of frictional resistance to the transformation and plastic relaxation of the elastic strain are included in a simple way. The model is used to study the sources of hysteresis in the temperature-transformation (TT) curve and in the microstructural transformation path when the transformation is reversed. The central result is that some hysteresis is inevitable in a transformation of the type studied here. Even in the absence of friction and plastic relaxation, the transformation follows a path in which sequential elements of martensite relax the elastic strain of those that have previously formed. This causes the martensite to form in bursts and has the consequence that the reverse transformation does not reverse the path of the forward transformation. Friction and plastic relaxation increase hysteresis. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR ADV MAT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Xu, P (reprint author), APPL MAT INC,3225 OAKMEAD VILLAGE DR,MS 1266,SANTA CLARA,CA 95054, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1187 EP 1201 DI 10.1007/BF02649857 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA UJ869 UT WOS:A1996UJ86900005 ER PT J AU Gittleman, CS Watanabe, K Bell, AT Radke, CJ AF Gittleman, CS Watanabe, K Bell, AT Radke, CJ TI A mechanistic study of the synthesis of zeolite SSZ-24 SO MICROPOROUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SILICA MOLECULAR-SIEVE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; MAS NMR; ZSM-5; TEMPLATES; ALPO4-5; ANALOG; SYSTEM AB X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Si-29 magic angle spinning (MAS), H-1-C-13 cross-polarization (CP) MAS and H-1-Si-29 CP MAS NMR spectroscopies are used to study SSZ-24 synthesis from aqueous silicate mixtures containing alkali and N,N,N-trimethyl-1-adamantammonium (TMAA(+)) cations. SSZ-24 only forms from mixtures prepared using fumed silica, KOH, and TMAAOH, with TMAA/Si greater than or equal to 0.15. SSZ-24 nuclei form through Van der Waals and coulombic interactions between the anionic silicate species and the TMAA(+) cations in the gelatinous synthesis mixture. The results cannot distinguish whether SSZ-24 nuclei form in the liquid or solid phase of the synthesis mixture. No evidence was found for occlusion of the TMAA(+) cations in the solid phase of the gel prior to SSZ-24 crystallization, suggesting that the rates of zeolite nucleation and crystallization may be comparable. Computer simulations reveal that the non-bonded interactions between TMAA(+) and the SSZ-24 lattice are weaker than the non-bonded interactions between tetrapropylammonium (TPA(+)) cations and the silicalite-1 framework, which may explain why silicalite forms much faster than SSZ-24 when TPAOH is substituted for TMAAOH in the synthesis mixture. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CTR ADV MAT,MAT SCI DIV,BERKELEY,CA 94720. OI Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6513 J9 MICROPOROUS MATER JI Microporous Mater. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 6 IS 3 BP 131 EP 150 DI 10.1016/0927-6513(95)00094-1 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA UP076 UT WOS:A1996UP07600003 ER PT J AU Liu, XY Adams, JB Ercolessi, F Moriarty, JA AF Liu, XY Adams, JB Ercolessi, F Moriarty, JA TI EAM potential for magnesium from quantum mechanical forces SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; HCP METALS; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TRANSITION-METALS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; IMPURITIES; VACANCIES; SURFACES; SILICON AB We have developed an empirical EAM potential for magnesium by fitting to ab initio forces (the 'force matching' method) and experimental data. The database includes many different structures, including bulk, cluster, liquid and several defect structures. The potential fit to the forces database, which has 2201 forces generated using a local orbital pseudopotential method, is good. This new EAM potential gives good results for various bulk structural properties. C1 SISSA,SCH ADV INT STUDIES,I-34014 TRIESTE,ITALY. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP Liu, XY (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,1304 W GREEN ST,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 53 TC 135 Z9 138 U1 4 U2 32 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 4 IS 3 BP 293 EP 303 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/4/3/004 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA VL196 UT WOS:A1996VL19600004 ER PT J AU Milewski, J Sklar, E AF Milewski, J Sklar, E TI Modelling and validation of multiple reflections for enhanced laser welding SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PENETRATION AB The effects of multiple internal reflections within a laser weld joint as functions of joint geometry and processing conditions have been characterized. A computer-based ray tracing model is used to predict the reflective propagation of laser beam energy focused into the narrow gap of a metal joint for the purpose of predicting the location of melting and coalescence to form a weld. Quantitative comparisons are made between simulation cases. Experimental results are provided for qualitative model validation. This method is proposed as a way to enhance process efficiency and design laser welds which display deep penetration and high depth-to-width aspect ratios without high powered systems or keyhole mode melting. RP Milewski, J (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 4 IS 3 BP 305 EP 322 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/4/3/005 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA VL196 UT WOS:A1996VL19600005 ER PT J AU Murphy, JM Walton, JD AF Murphy, JM Walton, JD TI Three extracellular proteases from Cochliobolus carbonum: Cloning and targeted disruption of ALP1 SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE cell wall degrading enzyme; Helminthosporium; maize; trypsin; virulence factor ID ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; ALKALINE PROTEASE; PATHOGEN; MAIZE; SEQUENCE; PLANT; ACTIVATION; GENES; ENDOPOLYGALACTURONASE; PURIFICATION AB Three extracellular serine proteases (Alp1a, Alp1b, Alp2) from Cochliobolus carbonum were purified and characterized, Of eight carbon/protein substrates tested, total protease activity was highest when the fungus was grown on medium containing collagen, Alp1a and Alp1b are members of the trypsin family (EC 3.4.21.4), and Alp2 is a member of the subtilisin family (EC 3.4.21.62). Alp1a, Alp1b, and Alp2 have monomer molecular masses of 25, 30, and 38 kDa respectively. Alp1b is glycosylated, whereas Alp1a is not, The gene encoding Alp1a, ALP1, was isolated using PCR primers based on two amino acid sequences: One obtained directly from the N-terminus of Alp1a and another that is highly conserved in other trypsins. The transcriptional start site was determined using RACE and the intron structure and polyadenylation site were determined from a cDNA clone. An internal fragment of ALP1 was used to create Alp1a null mutants by transformation-mediated gene disruption. Total protease activity in the mutants was reduced by 35% to 45%. By chromatographic analysis, the mutants had lost two peaks of UV absorption and the two protease activities corresponding to Alp1a and Alp1b, which, together with the biochemical data, indicates that Alp1a and Alp1b are products of the same gene. The in vitro growth and disease phenotypes of the ALP1 mutants were indistinguishable from the wild-type strain; therefore, ALP1 is not by itself required for pathogenicity. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,US DOE,PLANT RES LAB,E LANSING,MI 48824. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [T32-GM08350] NR 55 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 9 IS 4 BP 290 EP 297 DI 10.1094/MPMI-9-0290 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA UJ023 UT WOS:A1996UJ02300009 PM 8634479 ER PT J AU Zhong, SY Fast, JD Bian, XD AF Zhong, SY Fast, JD Bian, XD TI A case study of the great plains low-level jet using wind profiler network data and a high-resolution mesoscale model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; SLOPING TERRAIN; CLOSURE-MODEL; TURBULENCE; OSCILLATIONS; ATMOSPHERE AB A detailed case study of one complete episode of a typical summertime Great Plains low-level jet (LLJ) using data collected by the NOAA wind profiler demonstration network is presented. The high temporal and spatial resolution of the data from the profiler network permits a much more detailed picture of the Great Plains LLJ than is possible from previous studies of this phenomenon. A three-dimensional mesoscale numerical model is also used to simulate the episode and to provide information on the physical mechanisms responsible for the initiation, evolution, maintenance, and decay of the LLJ. The position and width of the jet core, as well as the diurnal variation of wind speed and direction inside the jet core are well predicted by the model. The analysis and modeling suggest that the diurnal oscillation of horizontal pressure gradient over sloping terrain is secondary to the inertial oscillation mechanism resulting from the release of frictional constraint in the evening and throughout the night in driving this example of the summertime Great Plains LLJ. The meridional variation of the Coriolis parameter as air moves northward appears to enhance the strength of the jet. A larger amplitude of the diurnal oscillation of the jet speed is found to be associated with drier soil, while rising motion downstream of the jet core is Stronger for wetter soil. This enhanced vertical motion appears to be associated with latent heat release due to precipitation. A horizontal variation of soil moisture content also appears to be important in reproducing the observed convergence and precipitation patterns in this case. RP Zhong, SY (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, MAIL STOP K9-30, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 41 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 124 IS 5 BP 785 EP 806 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<0785:ACSOTG>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UJ178 UT WOS:A1996UJ17800002 ER PT J AU Roberto, J AF Roberto, J TI Materials Researchers Confront Reality at Solid State Sciences Forum SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material RP Roberto, J (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 21 IS 5 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA VA231 UT WOS:A1996VA23100013 ER PT J AU Ross, FM Krishnan, KM Thangaraj, N Farrow, RFC Marks, RF Cebollada, A Parkin, SSP Toney, MF Huffman, M DeAraujo, CAP McMillan, LD Cuchiaro, J Scott, MC Echer, C Ponce, F OKeefe, MA Nelson, EC AF Ross, FM Krishnan, KM Thangaraj, N Farrow, RFC Marks, RF Cebollada, A Parkin, SSP Toney, MF Huffman, M DeAraujo, CAP McMillan, LD Cuchiaro, J Scott, MC Echer, C Ponce, F OKeefe, MA Nelson, EC TI Applications of electron microscopy in collaborative industrial research SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ALN BUFFER LAYERS; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; INTERLAYER EXCHANGE; MICROSTRUCTURE; OSCILLATIONS; EPITAXY C1 IBM CORP,DIV RES,ALMADEN RES CTR,ARMONK,NY 10504. CSIC,CTR NACL MICROELECTR,E-28006 MADRID,SPAIN. UNIV COLORADO,MICROELECTR RES LAB,BOULDER,CO 80309. XEROX CORP,PALO ALTO RES CTR,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. RP Ross, FM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,NATL CTR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Parkin, Stuart/D-2521-2012; Ponce, Fernando/M-8649-2013; Cebollada, Alfonso/B-6754-2012 OI Ponce, Fernando/0000-0002-1275-9386; Cebollada, Alfonso/0000-0003-1990-4520 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 21 IS 5 BP 17 EP 23 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA VA231 UT WOS:A1996VA23100014 ER PT J AU Frolow, F Harel, M Sussman, JL Mevarech, M Shoham, M AF Frolow, F Harel, M Sussman, JL Mevarech, M Shoham, M TI Insights into protein adaptation to a saturated salt environment from the crystal structure of a halophilic 2Fe-2S ferredoxin SO NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 2.5-A RESOLUTION; DEAD-SEA; ANABAENA-7120; LOCATION AB Haloarcula marismortui is an archaebacterium that flourishes in the world's saltiest body of water, the Dead Sea. The cytosol of this organism is a supersaturated salt solution in which proteins are soluble and active. The crystal structure of a 2Fe-2S ferredoxin from H. marismortui determined at 1,9 Angstrom is similar to those of plant-type 2Fe-2S ferredoxins of known structure, with two important distinctions. The entire surface of the protein is coated with acidic residues except for the vicinity of the iron-sulphur cluster, and there is an insertion of two amphipathic helices near the N-terminus. These form a separate hyperacidic domain whose postulated function to provide extra surface carboxylates for solvation. These data and the fact that bound surface water molecules have on the average 40% more hydrogen bonds than in a typical non-halophilic protein crystal structure support the notion that haloadaptation involves better water binding capacity. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. WEIZMANN INST SCI,DEPT BIOL STRUCT,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT BIOL,UPTON,NY 11973. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973. TEL AVIV UNIV,DEPT MOLEC MICROBIOL & BIOTECHNOL,IL-69978 RAMAT AVIV,ISRAEL. RI Frolow, Felix/A-1760-2013; OI Sussman, Joel/0000-0003-0306-3878 NR 22 TC 146 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 1072-8368 J9 NAT STRUCT BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Biol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 452 EP 458 DI 10.1038/nsb0596-452 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA UK247 UT WOS:A1996UK24700013 PM 8612076 ER PT J AU Werley, KA DiMarco, JN Krakowski, RA Bathke, CG AF Werley, KA DiMarco, JN Krakowski, RA Bathke, CG TI Energy confinement and future reversed field pinches SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID CURRENT DRIVE; TRANSPORT; FLUCTUATION; RELAXATION AB Energy confinement within the reversed held pinch (RFP) is governed by three plasma regions: a poorly confined plasma core characterized by parallel (radial) transport and flux surfaces destroyed by m = 1 tearing mode activity associated with dynamo relaxation; a medium confined edge limited by ideal pressure gradient driven modes; and a good confinement region located near the reversal layer. The good confinement region determines the global confinement characteristics of the RFP, and, if limited by resistive interchange modes, would be consistent with the Conner-Taylor scaling that has provided a good fit to international RFP results. After establishing a two parameter fit of confinement scaling to the RFP database, the scaling relation is used to project the physical characteristics of, and costs associated with, next step and ignition experiments for ohmically heated RFPs. The RFP projects to smaller and less expensive machines than the tokamak with comparable performance. RP Werley, KA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD MAY PY 1996 VL 36 IS 5 BP 629 EP 642 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/36/5/I09 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA XY884 UT WOS:A1996XY88400009 ER PT J AU Nakamura, Y Yoshino, R Neyatani, Y Tsunematsu, T Azumi, M Pomphrey, N Jardin, SC AF Nakamura, Y Yoshino, R Neyatani, Y Tsunematsu, T Azumi, M Pomphrey, N Jardin, SC TI Mechanism of vertical displacement events in JT-60U disruptive discharges SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID FEEDBACK STABILIZATION; AXISYMMETRICAL MODES; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; SIMULATION AB Enhanced vertical displacement events (VDEs), which are frequently observed in JT-60U disruptive discharges, are investigated using the Tokamak Simulation Code (TSC). The rapid plasma current quench can accelerate the vertical displacement, owing to both the up/down asymmetry of the eddy current distribution arising from the asymmetric geometry of the JT-60U vacuum vessel and the degradation of magnetic field decay index n, leading to high growth rates of positional instability. For a slightly elongated configuration (n = -0.9), the asymmetry of attractive forces on the toroidal plasma plays a dominant role in the VDE mechanism. For a more elongated configuration (n = -1.7), the degradation of Geld decay index n plays an important role on VDEs, in addition to the effect of asymmetric attractive forces. It is shown that the VDE characteristics of a highly elongated configuration with a rapid plasma current quench can be dominated by the held decay index degradation. It is also pointed out that both the softening of current quenches as was experimentally developed in the JT-60U tokamak, and the optimization of the allowable elongation of the plasma cross-section are critical issues in the development of a general control strategy of discharge termination. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. RP Nakamura, Y (reprint author), JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST,NAKA FUS RES ESTAB,NAKA,IBARAKI 31101,JAPAN. RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010; pomphrey, neil/G-4405-2010 NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD MAY PY 1996 VL 36 IS 5 BP 643 EP 656 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/36/5/I10 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA XY884 UT WOS:A1996XY88400010 ER PT J AU Imel, GR Hart, PR AF Imel, GR Hart, PR TI The performance of hafnium and gadolinium self powered neutron detectors in the TREAT reactor SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article ID PRESSURIZED WATER-REACTOR AB The use of gadolinium and hafnium self powered neutron detectors in a transient reactor is described in this paper. The detectors were calibrated to the fission rate of U-235 using calibrated fission chambers; the calibration factors were tested in two reactors in steady state and found to be consistent. Calibration of the detectors in transient reactor conditions was done by using uranium wires that were analyzed by radiochemistry techniques to determine total fissions during the transient. This was correlated to the time-integrated current of the detectors during the transient. A temperature correction factor was derived to account for self-shielding effects in the hafnium and gadolinium detectors. The dynamic response of the detectors under transient conditions was studied, and found to be excellent. RP Imel, GR (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,POB 2528,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83403, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAY PY 1996 VL 111 IS 3-4 BP 325 EP 336 DI 10.1016/0168-583X(95)01364-4 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA UV445 UT WOS:A1996UV44500019 ER PT J AU Bishop, A Satyamurthy, N Bida, G Phelps, M Barrio, JR AF Bishop, A Satyamurthy, N Bida, G Phelps, M Barrio, JR TI Production of [F-18]F-2 using the O-16(He-3,p)F-18 reaction SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE [F-18]F-2; O-16(He-3,p)F-18 reaction; aluminum target body; 6-[F-18]fluoro-L-dopa ID F-18 PRODUCTION; WATER; TARGET; YIELD; 6-FLUORO-L-DOPA; CYCLOTRON; FLUORINE; O-18(2) AB For the first time, the O-16(He-3,p)F-18 reaction has been used for the production of F-18 electrophilic reagents. The predominant reactive chemical specie recovered in the single step postirradiation gases was [F-18]F-2. Decay curve and Ge(Li) analyses established the main radionuclidic impurities in this nuclear reaction as C-11 and O-15. Recovery of the F-18 activity was exceptionally high, approaching 90% using an electroformed nickel target body. Consistent F-18 recoveries for this nuclear reaction (similar to 70%) were realized with a novel aluminum target body, The utility of the [F-18]F-2 recovered from this oxygen gas target system in radiopharmaceutical preparations is demonstrated by the successful synthesis of 6-[F-18]fluoro-L dopa (11.0 mCi at FOB) via a fluorodemercuration method. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT MOL & MED PHARMACOL,DIV NUCL MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095. US DOE,LAB STRUCT BIOL & MOL MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095. BIOMED RES FDN NW LOUISIANA,SHREVEPORT,LA 71103. FU NINDS NIH HHS [P01-NS-15654] NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2897 J9 NUCL MED BIOL JI Nucl. Med. Biol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 385 EP 389 DI 10.1016/0969-8051(95)02009-8 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UT333 UT WOS:A1996UT33300001 PM 8832692 ER PT J AU Bishop, A Satyamurthy, N Bida, G Phelps, M Barrio, JR AF Bishop, A Satyamurthy, N Bida, G Phelps, M Barrio, JR TI Identification and quantitation of gaseous compounds of fluorine generated in [F-18]F-2 target systems SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE [F-18]F-2 target; F-19 NMR; O-17 NMR; N-15 NMR; mass spectroscopy ID REGIOSELECTIVE RADIOFLUORODESTANNYLATION; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; F-18; NMR AB The first direct evidence for the chemical identity of the electrophilic fluorinating agents generated in Ne-20(d,alpha)F-18 (single step), O-18(p,n)F-18 (single step and two step) and O-16(He-3(2+),p)F-18 (single step) gas target systems, utilizing aluminum, silver, copper, nickel and gold plated copper target bodies, has been established with multinuclear NMR and mass spectral techniques. The major components of the reactive fraction from these targets were also quantitated using F-19 NMR. Fluorine-19 NMR data of the reactive fraction of all proton and He-3(2+) irradiated oxygen gas target systems showed the presence of oxygen difluoride in various proportions. Samples from the single step method contained up to 20% OF2 while those from the two step process had 0-5%. Fluorine nitrate (FONO2) was observed only as a minor component (0-3%) in the reactive fraction. The presence of OF2 and FONO2 was further confirmed by O-17 and N-15 NMR, respectively, using [O-17]O-2 and [N-15]N-2 spiked oxygen gas targets. The NMR results were supported by mass spectral data collected with a residual gas analyzer (RGA). Both F-19 NMR and mass spectroscopy showed CF4 as the only major inert component in the single-step oxygen target products. As expected, the F-19 NMR and mass spectral data showed that the reactive fraction of the neon gas target constituted only F-2 and the inert fraction comprised of CF4 and NF3. C1 US DOE,LAB STRUCT BIOL & MOL MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095. BIOMED RES FDN NW LOUISIANA,SHREVEPORT,LA 71103. RP Bishop, A (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT MOL & MED PHARMACOL,DIV NUCL MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095, USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [P01-NS-15654] NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2897 J9 NUCL MED BIOL JI Nucl. Med. Biol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 391 EP 405 DI 10.1016/0969-8051(95)02043-8 PG 15 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UT333 UT WOS:A1996UT33300002 PM 8832693 ER PT J AU DiGregorio, DE Abriola, D Avignone, FT Brodzinski, RL Collar, JI Farach, HA Garcia, E Gattone, AO Hasenbalg, F Huck, H Miley, HS Morales, A Morales, J deSolrzano, AO Puimedon, J Reeves, JH Saenz, C Salinas, A Sarsa, ML Tomasi, D Urteaga, I Villar, JA AF DiGregorio, DE Abriola, D Avignone, FT Brodzinski, RL Collar, JI Farach, HA Garcia, E Gattone, AO Hasenbalg, F Huck, H Miley, HS Morales, A Morales, J deSolrzano, AO Puimedon, J Reeves, JH Saenz, C Salinas, A Sarsa, ML Tomasi, D Urteaga, I Villar, JA TI Looking for daily modulation effects of WIMPs in the Southern Hemisphere SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IV International Workshop on Theoretical and Phenomenological Aspects of Underground Physics (TAUP 95) CY SEP 17-21, 1995 CL TOLEDO, SPAIN SP Univ Zaragoza, Lab Nucl & High Energy Phys, Saving Bank Caja Castilla Mancha, Spanish Agcy Sci & Technol, Minist Sci, Spain ID DARK-MATTER EXPERIMENTS; CANDIDATES AB An experimental search of distinctive signals of WIMPs is underway at the Sierra Grande mine (similar to 1000 m.w.e.), in Argentina, with a natural germanium detector. The site and the experimental set-up are described. The results corresponding to an exposure of 302.4 kg day are presented in the customary form of sigma(m) exclusion plots. First attempts to look for daily modulation effects are presented. The data taking is in progress with the purpose of looking for such possible modulation effects in the Southern Hemisphere. C1 UNIV S CAROLINA, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, COLUMBIA, SC 29208 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. UNIV ZARAGOZA, LAB FIS NUCL & ALTAS ENERGIAS, ZARAGOZA, SPAIN. RP CNEA, TANDAR LAB, DEPT PHYS, BUENOS AIRES, DF, ARGENTINA. RI Sarsa Sarsa, Maria Luisa/K-6108-2014; Villar, Jose Angel/K-6630-2014; Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015; OI Sarsa Sarsa, Maria Luisa/0000-0002-7552-1228; Villar, Jose Angel/0000-0003-0228-7589; Garcia Abancens, Eduardo/0000-0002-9827-2332 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 EI 1873-1562 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD MAY PY 1996 SU 48 BP 56 EP 59 DI 10.1016/0920-5632(96)00205-8 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA UN019 UT WOS:A1996UN01900011 ER PT J AU Aalseth, CE Avignone, FT Brodzinski, RL Collar, JI Carcia, E Gonzales, D Hasenbalg, F Hensley, WK Kirpichnikov, IV Klimenko, AA Miley, HS Morales, A Morales, J deSolorzano, AO Osetrov, SB Pogosov, VS Puimedon, J Reeves, JH Saenz, C Salinas, A Sarsa, ML Smolnikov, AA Starostin, AS Tamanyan, AG Vasenko, AA Vasiliev, SI Villar, JA AF Aalseth, CE Avignone, FT Brodzinski, RL Collar, JI Carcia, E Gonzales, D Hasenbalg, F Hensley, WK Kirpichnikov, IV Klimenko, AA Miley, HS Morales, A Morales, J deSolorzano, AO Osetrov, SB Pogosov, VS Puimedon, J Reeves, JH Saenz, C Salinas, A Sarsa, ML Smolnikov, AA Starostin, AS Tamanyan, AG Vasenko, AA Vasiliev, SI Villar, JA TI Recent results from the IGEX double-beta decay experiment SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IV International Workshop on Theoretical and Phenomenological Aspects of Underground Physics (TAUP 95) CY SEP 17-21, 1995 CL TOLEDO, SPAIN SP Univ Zaragoza, Lab Nucl & High Energy Phys, Saving Bank Caja Castilla Mancha, Spanish Agcy Sci & Technol, Minist Sci, Spain AB The International Germanium Experiment (IGEX) has six detectors, containing >90 fiducial moles of Ge-76, operating underground. Data thus far yield T-1/2(2v) = (1.1 +/- 0.2) x 10(21)y and T-1/2(0v) > 4.2 x 10(24)y(90% CL) if interpreted as a null experiment, or T-1/2(0v) > 3.3 x 10(24)y(95% CL) in a more conservative case. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. UNIV ZARAGOZA, ZARAGOZA, SPAIN. INST THEORET & EXPTL PHYS, MOSCOW 117259, RUSSIA. BAKSAN NEUTRINO OBSERV, INST NUCL RES, NEUTRINO 361609, RUSSIA. YEREVAN PHYS INST, YEREVAN 375036, ARMENIA. RP Aalseth, CE (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA, COLUMBIA, SC 29208 USA. RI Sarsa Sarsa, Maria Luisa/K-6108-2014; Villar, Jose Angel/K-6630-2014; OI Sarsa Sarsa, Maria Luisa/0000-0002-7552-1228; Villar, Jose Angel/0000-0003-0228-7589; Garcia Abancens, Eduardo/0000-0002-9827-2332 NR 5 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD MAY PY 1996 SU 48 BP 223 EP 225 DI 10.1016/0920-5632(96)00244-7 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA UN019 UT WOS:A1996UN01900050 ER PT J AU Isaac, MCP Chan, YD Hurley, D Lesko, KT McDonald, RJ Moorhead, ME Norman, EB Smith, AR Stokstad, RG AF Isaac, MCP Chan, YD Hurley, D Lesko, KT McDonald, RJ Moorhead, ME Norman, EB Smith, AR Stokstad, RG TI Preliminary results from a study of the double beta decay of Nd-150 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IV International Workshop on Theoretical and Phenomenological Aspects of Underground Physics (TAUP 95) CY SEP 17-21, 1995 CL TOLEDO, SPAIN SP Univ Zaragoza, Lab Nucl & High Energy Phys, Saving Bank Caja Castilla Mancha, Spanish Agcy Sci & Technol, Minist Sci, Spain AB We report the preliminary results from a study of the double beta decay of Nd-150 to the first 0(+) excited state of Sm-150. Our data consists of 50 days of counting 5 kg of natural Nd2O3 at the LBNL-Oroville low background facility. The deduced lower limit for the half life of this decay mode is 4.9 x 10(19) years. RP Isaac, MCP (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV NUCL SCI,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD MAY PY 1996 SU 48 BP 244 EP 246 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA UN019 UT WOS:A1996UN01900057 ER PT J AU Grasso, D Kolb, EW AF Grasso, D Kolb, EW TI Cosmology and tau neutrino magnetic moment SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IV International Workshop on Theoretical and Phenomenological Aspects of Underground Physics (TAUP 95) CY SEP 17-21, 1995 CL TOLEDO, SPAIN SP Univ Zaragoza, Lab Nucl & High Energy Phys, Saving Bank Caja Castilla Mancha, Spanish Agcy Sci & Technol, Minist Sci, Spain ID PRIMORDIAL NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; MASS AB We investigate the possibility that stable tau neutrinos with a large diagonal magnetic moment and mass in the range 0.5 < m(nu tau) < 24 MeV could form cold dark matter. We show that Universe age limit are incompatible with this hypothesis and, more in general, with values of the magnetic moment between 10(-10) mu(B) and the present experimental upper limit in the mass range we considered. In the case the nu(tau) is unstable but tau(nu tau) > 1 s., we use primordial nucleosynthesis considerations to reduce sensibly the allowed region in the parameter space mass versus. magnetic moment. C1 UNIV STOCKHOLM,DEPT PHYS,S-11346 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,NASA,FERMILAB ASTROPHYS CTR,BATAVIA,IL 60510. UNIV CHICAGO,ENRICO FERMI INST,DEPT ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RP Grasso, D (reprint author), UPPSALA UNIV,DEPT THEORET PHYS,S-75108 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. RI Grasso, Dario/I-2440-2012 OI Grasso, Dario/0000-0001-7761-7242 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD MAY PY 1996 SU 48 BP 275 EP 278 DI 10.1016/0920-5632(96)00261-7 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA UN019 UT WOS:A1996UN01900067 ER PT J AU Abdurashitov, JN Gavrin, VN Girin, SV Gorbatchev, VV Gusev, AO Kalikhov, AV Knodel, TV Mirmov, IN Pshukov, AM Shalagin, AM Shikhin, AA Veretenkin, EP Vermul, VM Yants, V Zatsepin, GT Bowles, TJ Nico, JS Teasdale, WA Wark, DL Elliott, SR Wilkerson, JF Cleveland, BT Daily, T Davis, R Lande, K Lee, CK Wildenhain, PW Cherry, ML AF Abdurashitov, JN Gavrin, VN Girin, SV Gorbatchev, VV Gusev, AO Kalikhov, AV Knodel, TV Mirmov, IN Pshukov, AM Shalagin, AM Shikhin, AA Veretenkin, EP Vermul, VM Yants, V Zatsepin, GT Bowles, TJ Nico, JS Teasdale, WA Wark, DL Elliott, SR Wilkerson, JF Cleveland, BT Daily, T Davis, R Lande, K Lee, CK Wildenhain, PW Cherry, ML TI Results from SAGE SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IV International Workshop on Theoretical and Phenomenological Aspects of Underground Physics (TAUP 95) CY SEP 17-21, 1995 CL TOLEDO, SPAIN SP Univ Zaragoza, Lab Nucl & High Energy Phys, Saving Bank Caja Castilla Mancha, Spanish Agcy Sci & Technol, Minist Sci, Spain ID SOLAR-NEUTRINO OBSERVATIONS; REAL-TIME; UNCERTAINTIES; MODEL; SUN AB The Russian-American Gallium solar neutrino Experiment (SAGE) is described Beginning in September 1992, SAGE II data were taken with 55 tons of Ga and with significantly reduced backgrounds. The solar neutrino flux measured by 31 extractions through October 1993 is presented. The result of 69 +/- 10 +5/-7 SNU is to be compared with a Standard Solar Model prediction of 132 SNU. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP Abdurashitov, JN (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST NUCL RES,60TH OCTOBER ANNIVERSARY PROSPECT 7,MOSCOW 117312,RUSSIA. RI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/B-2206-2014; Yants, Viktor/C-1038-2014; OI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/0000-0002-1577-1364; Wilkerson, John/0000-0002-0342-0217 NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD MAY PY 1996 SU 48 BP 299 EP 303 DI 10.1016/0920-5632(96)00264-2 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA UN019 UT WOS:A1996UN01900070 ER PT J AU Bernabei, R AF Bernabei, R TI Implications of the GALLEX results after the chromium source experiment SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IV International Workshop on Theoretical and Phenomenological Aspects of Underground Physics (TAUP 95) CY SEP 17-21, 1995 CL TOLEDO, SPAIN SP Univ Zaragoza, Lab Nucl & High Energy Phys, Saving Bank Caja Castilla Mancha, Spanish Agcy Sci & Technol, Minist Sci, Spain ID SOLAR-NEUTRINO PROBLEM; OSCILLATIONS; MODELS; MATTER AB Since May 1991, the GALLEX experiment - installed in the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory - is continuously monitoring the solar neutrino signal. by measuring the Ge-71 production rate in a target of 30.3 tons of Ga-nat. The measured signal 77.1 +/- 8.5 (stat) +4.4 -5.4 SNU (1 sigma) [1] is well below the Standard Solar Model (SSM) prediction: similar or equal to 120-130 SNU. To exclude unknown systematic effects as responsible for the observed deficit, an experiment with a (62.5 +/- 0.4) PBq Cr-51 neutrino source has been performed [2,3]. The ratio R=0.97 +/- 0.11 between measured and expected Cr-produced Ge-71 demonstrates that the deficit cannot be ascribed to unknown experimental systematics. Although astrophysical reasons could still remain as a possible explanation of the ''solar neutrino puzzle'', we recall that the GALLEX result, when considered together with the results of the other solar neutrino experiments, would allow to strongly constrain the neutrino masses and mixing angles in the framework of the MSW effect. C1 KFA JULICH,KARLSRUHE,GERMANY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,LAB NAZL GRAN SASSO,LAQUILA,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY. TECH UNIV MUNICH,DEPT PHYS E15,D-8000 MUNICH,GERMANY. OBSERV COTE AZUR,F-06003 NICE,FRANCE. WEIZMANN INST SCI,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,ROME,ITALY. CTR ETUD SACLAY,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Bernabei, R (reprint author), MAX PLANCK INST KERNPHYS,HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. RI Bernabei, Rita/C-1212-2016 OI Bernabei, Rita/0000-0003-1786-5396 NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD MAY PY 1996 SU 48 BP 304 EP 308 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA UN019 UT WOS:A1996UN01900071 ER PT J AU Elliott, SR Abdurashitov, JN Bowles, TJ Cherry, ML Cleveland, BT Daily, T Davis, R Gavrin, VN Girin, SV Gorbatschev, VV Gusev, AO Kalikhov, AV Khairnasov, NG Karaulov, VN Knodel, TV Kornoukhov, VN Khomyakov, YS Lande, K Lee, CK Levitin, VL Maev, VI Mirmov, IN Nazarenko, PI Nico, JS Pshukov, AM Shalagin, AM Shikhin, AA Shkolnik, VS Skorikov, NV Teasdale, WA Veretenkin, EP Vermul, VM Wark, DL Wildenhain, PW Wilkerson, JF Yants, V Zatsepin, GT Zvonarev, AV AF Elliott, SR Abdurashitov, JN Bowles, TJ Cherry, ML Cleveland, BT Daily, T Davis, R Gavrin, VN Girin, SV Gorbatschev, VV Gusev, AO Kalikhov, AV Khairnasov, NG Karaulov, VN Knodel, TV Kornoukhov, VN Khomyakov, YS Lande, K Lee, CK Levitin, VL Maev, VI Mirmov, IN Nazarenko, PI Nico, JS Pshukov, AM Shalagin, AM Shikhin, AA Shkolnik, VS Skorikov, NV Teasdale, WA Veretenkin, EP Vermul, VM Wark, DL Wildenhain, PW Wilkerson, JF Yants, V Zatsepin, GT Zvonarev, AV TI Preliminary results from the Russian-American gallium experiment Cr-neutrino source measurement SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IV International Workshop on Theoretical and Phenomenological Aspects of Underground Physics (TAUP 95) CY SEP 17-21, 1995 CL TOLEDO, SPAIN SP Univ Zaragoza, Lab Nucl & High Energy Phys, Saving Bank Caja Castilla Mancha, Spanish Agcy Sci & Technol, Minist Sci, Spain ID HELIOSEISMOLOGY AB The Russian-American Gallium Experiment has been collecting solar neutrino data since early 1990. The flux measurement of solar neutrinos is well below that expected from solar models. We discuss the initial results of a measurement of experimental efficiencies by exposing the gallium target to neutrinos from an artificial source. The capture rate of neutrinos from this source is very close to that which is expected. The result can be expressed as a ratio of the measured capture rate to the anticipated rate from the source activity. This ratio is 0.93 + 0.15, - 0.17 where the systematic and statistical errors have been combined. To first order the experimental efficiencies are in agreement with those determined during solar neutrino measurements and in previous auxiliary measurements. One must conclude that the discrepancy between the measured solar neutrino flux and that predicted by the solar models can not arise from an experimental artifact. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, INST NUCL RES, MOSCOW 117312, RUSSIA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA. UNIV PENN, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. POWER PHYS INST, OBNINSK, RUSSIA. RP UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. RI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/B-2206-2014; Yants, Viktor/C-1038-2014; OI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/0000-0002-1577-1364; Wilkerson, John/0000-0002-0342-0217 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 EI 1873-1562 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD MAY PY 1996 SU 48 BP 370 EP 374 DI 10.1016/0920-5632(96)00274-5 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA UN019 UT WOS:A1996UN01900080 ER PT J AU Moorhead, ME AF Moorhead, ME TI Status of the sudbury neutrino observatory SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IV International Workshop on Theoretical and Phenomenological Aspects of Underground Physics (TAUP 95) CY SEP 17-21, 1995 CL TOLEDO, SPAIN SP Univ Zaragoza, Lab Nucl & High Energy Phys, Saving Bank Caja Castilla Mancha, Spanish Agcy Sci & Technol, Minist Sci, Spain AB The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is a 1,000 ton heavy water Cerenkov detector under construction in Sudbury, Canada. Two v reactions on deuterium, one flavour-independent and the other restricted to the electron flavour, will allow model-independent tests of solar v oscillations and, if a supernova occurs in our galaxy, direct searches for v(mu) and v(tau) masses down to 20eV. The status of construction and the methods developed to extract the v signals are discussed. RP Moorhead, ME (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV NUCL SCI,INST NUCL & PARTICLE ASTROPHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD MAY PY 1996 SU 48 BP 378 EP 380 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA UN019 UT WOS:A1996UN01900082 ER PT J AU Kamyshkov, YA Bugg, WM Cohn, HO Condo, GT Efremenko, YV Lamoreaux, SK Lillie, RA Plasil, F Raman, S Rennich, MJ Shmakov, KD Wilson, R Young, GR AF Kamyshkov, YA Bugg, WM Cohn, HO Condo, GT Efremenko, YV Lamoreaux, SK Lillie, RA Plasil, F Raman, S Rennich, MJ Shmakov, KD Wilson, R Young, GR TI Prospects for neutron->antineutron transition searches SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IV International Workshop on Theoretical and Phenomenological Aspects of Underground Physics (TAUP 95) CY SEP 17-21, 1995 CL TOLEDO, SPAIN SP Univ Zaragoza, Lab Nucl & High Energy Phys, Saving Bank Caja Castilla Mancha, Spanish Agcy Sci & Technol, Minist Sci, Spain ID NEUTRON-ANTINEUTRON OSCILLATIONS; NUCLEI AB An ORNL-UTK-UW-Harvard group is exploring the possibility of performing a new experiment to search for neutron-antineutron transitions either at the ORNL HFIR reactor or at a new proposed neutron spallation source. The advanced layout, based on a large mirror focusing reflector, proposed for this experiment should allow improving the discovery potential of an n --> (n) over bar transition search by 3-4 orders of magnitude, as compared to the most recent similar experiment at ILL-Grenoble. It should be possible to establish a limit for the characteristic transition time of tau > 10(10) seconds. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Kamyshkov, YA (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Kamyshkov, Yuri/J-7999-2016; OI Kamyshkov, Yuri/0000-0002-3789-7152; Rennich, Mark/0000-0001-6945-0075 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD MAY PY 1996 SU 48 BP 460 EP 462 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA UN019 UT WOS:A1996UN01900096 ER PT J AU Gandhi, R Quigg, C Reno, MH Sarcevic, I AF Gandhi, R Quigg, C Reno, MH Sarcevic, I TI New predictions for neutrino telescope event rates SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IV International Workshop on Theoretical and Phenomenological Aspects of Underground Physics (TAUP 95) CY SEP 17-21, 1995 CL TOLEDO, SPAIN SP Univ Zaragoza, Lab Nucl & High Energy Phys, Saving Bank Caja Castilla Mancha, Spanish Agcy Sci & Technol, Minist Sci, Spain ID ULTRAHIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS; MUONS; HERA AB Recent measurements of the small-x deep-inelastic regime at HERA translate to new expectations for the nentrino-nucleon cross section at ultrahigh energies. We present event rates for large underground neutrino telescopes based on the new cross section for a variety of models of neutrino production in Active Galactic Nuclei, and we compare these rates with earlier cross section calculations. C1 FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. UNIV IOWA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PHYS,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP Gandhi, R (reprint author), MEHTA RES INST,10 KASTURBA GANDHI MARG,ALLAHABAD 211002,UTTAR PRADESH,INDIA. OI Reno, Mary Hall/0000-0001-6264-3990 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD MAY PY 1996 SU 48 BP 475 EP 477 DI 10.1016/0920-5632(96)00295-2 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA UN019 UT WOS:A1996UN01900101 ER PT J AU Chadwick, MB Young, PG AF Chadwick, MB Young, PG TI Calculation and evaluation of cross sections and kerma factors for neutrons up to 100 MeV on O-16 and N-14 SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-NUCLEI; ENERGY-LEVELS; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; MULTISTEP COMPOUND; SCATTERING; OXYGEN; PROTON; MODEL; NITROGEN; BOMBARDMENT AB We present evaluations of the interaction of neutrons with energies between 20 and 100 MeV with oxygen and nitrogen nuclei, which follows from our previous work on carbon. Our aim is to accurately represent integrated cross sections, inclusive emission spectra, and kerma factors, in a data library that can be used in radiation transport calculations. We apply the Feshbach-Kerman-Koonin-GNASN nuclear model code, which includes Hauser-Feshbach, pre-equilibrium, and direct reaction mechanisms, and use experimental measurements to optimize the calculations. We determine total, elastic, and nonelastic cross sections; angle-energy-correlated emission spectra for light ejectiles with A less than or equal to 4 and gamma rays; and average energy depositions. Our results for charged-particle emission spectra agree well with measurements of Subramanian et al. We compare kerma factors derived from our evaluated cross sections with experimental data, providing an integral benchmarking of our work. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,NUCL DATA GRP,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 60 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 123 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA UJ235 UT WOS:A1996UJ23500001 ER PT J AU Chadwick, MB Cox, LJ Young, PG Meigooni, AS AF Chadwick, MB Cox, LJ Young, PG Meigooni, AS TI Calculation and evaluation of cross sections and kerma factors for neutrons up to 100 MeV on carbon SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; MULTISTEP COMPOUND; ENERGY-LEVELS; LIGHT-NUCLEI; PROTON; SCATTERING; MODEL; BOMBARDMENT; HYDROGEN; SPECTRA AB We present an evaluation of the interaction of neutrons with energies between 20 and 100 MeV with carbon nuclei. Our aim is to accurately represent integrated cross sections, inclusive emission spectra, and kerma factors, in a data library for use in radiation transport simulations of fast neutron radiotherapy. We apply the Feshbach-Kerman-Koonin-GNASH nuclear model code, which includes Hauser-Feshbach, pre-equilibrium, and direct reaction mechanisms, and use experimental measurements to optimize the calculations. We determine total, elastic, and nonelastic cross sections; angle-energy-correlated emission spectra for light ejectiles with A less than or equal to 4 and gamma rays; and average energy depositions. Coupled-channel optical model calculations describe the total, elastic, and nonelastic cross sections well. Our results for charged particle emission spectra agree fairly well with University of California-Davis as well as new Los Alamos National Laboratory and Louvain-la-Neuve measurements. We compare our results with the recent ENDF/B-VI evaluation and argue that some of the exclusive channels between 20 and 32 MeV should be modified. We also compare kerma factors derived from our evaluated cross sections with the measurements, providing an integral benchmark for our work. The evaluated data libraries are available as electronic files. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,NUCL DATA GRP,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT RADIAT MED,LEXINGTON,KY 40536. RP Chadwick, MB (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,MS B243,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 89 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 123 IS 1 BP 17 EP 37 PG 21 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA UJ235 UT WOS:A1996UJ23500002 ER PT J AU Noh, T Miller, WF Morel, JE AF Noh, T Miller, WF Morel, JE TI The even-parity and simplified even-parity transport equations in two-dimensional x-y geometry SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE ORDINATES EQUATIONS; NEUTRON-TRANSPORT; SLAB GEOMETRY; DIFFUSION AB The finite element and lumped finite element methods for the spatial differencing of the even-parity discrete ordinates neutron transport equations (EPS(N)) in two-dimensional x-y geometry are applied. In addition, the simplified even-parity discrete ordinates equations (SEPS(N)) as an approximation to the EPS(N) transport equations are developed. The SEPS(N) equations are more efficient to solve than the EPS(N) equations due to a reduction in angular domain of one-half, the applicability of a simple five-point diffusion operator, and directionally uncoupled reflective boundary conditions. Furthermore, the SEPS(N) equations satisfy the same diffusion limits as EPS(N) in an optically thick regime, appear to have no ray effect, and converge faster than EPS(N) when using a diffusion synthetic acceleration (DSA). Also, unlike the case of EPS(N), the SEPS(N) solutions are strictly positive, thus requiring no negative flux fixups. It is also demonstrated that SEPS(N) is a generalization of the simplified P-N method. Most importantly, in these second-order approaches, an unconditionally effective DSA scheme can be achieved by simply integrating the differenced EPS(N) and SEPS(N) equations over the angles. It is difficult to obtain a consistent DSA scheme with the first-order S-N equations. This is because a second-order DSA equation must generally be derived directly from the differenced first-order S-N equations. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 EI 1943-748X J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 123 IS 1 BP 38 EP 56 PG 19 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA UJ235 UT WOS:A1996UJ23500003 ER PT J AU Dunn, FE AF Dunn, FE TI Verification and implications of the multiple-pin treatment in the SASSYS-1 liquid-metal reactor systems analysis code SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multiple pin; validation; thermal hydraulics ID TESTS AB As part of a program to obtain realistic, as opposed to excessively conservative, analysis of reactor transients, a multiple-pin treatment for the analysis of intrasubassembly thermal hydraulics has been included in the SASSYS-1 liquid-metal reactor systems analysis code. This new treatment has made possible a whole new level of verification for the code. The code can now predict the steady-state and transient responses of individual thermocouples within instrumented subassemblies in a reactor rather than just predicting average temperatures for a subassembly. Very good agreement has been achieved between code predictions and the experimental measurements of steady-state and transient temperatures and flow rates in the shutdown heat removal tests in the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II). Detailed multiple-pin calculations for blanket subassemblies in the EBR-II demonstrate that the actual steady-state and transient peak temperatures in these subassemblies are significantly lower than those that would be calculated by simpler models. RP ARGONNE NATL LAB, 9700 S CASS AVE, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 EI 1943-7471 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 114 IS 2 BP 147 EP 157 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA UF278 UT WOS:A1996UF27800001 ER PT J AU Vo, TV Mitts, TM Blackburn, TR Phan, HK AF Vo, TV Mitts, TM Blackburn, TR Phan, HK TI Risk assessment for spent-fuel pool cooling at boiling water reactors SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE risk; event; spent fuel pool cooling AB A risk assessment of potential events at Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (SSES) is described wherein a loss of cooling occurs in a spent-fuel pool (SFP). This evaluation was performed as part of the evaluation of potential generic issue 93-01, regarding the safety impact of incidents involving the loss of SFP cooling (SFPC). The analysis investigates allegations and concerns identified in a Title IO, Part 21 Code of Federal Regulations (IO CFR 21) report filed by two former contract employees, who alleged that SSES has design deficiencies associated with SFPC that make it susceptible to unsafe conditions. The evaluation estimates the likelihood of a loss-of-SFPC event at SSES and the associated probability of the SFP heating up to near-boiling conditions. The evaluation also includes an assessment for such near-boiling events for their contribution to core damage and an estimate of order-of magnitude core damage frequency. The analysis addresses SSES plant conditions that existed prior to the IO CFR 21 report and also current plant conditions. Data for this analysis were obtained from the SSES licensee and from other relevant data sources, including probabilistic risk assessment information. Background for the evaluations performed, the methodology used in the evaluation, the data and modeling used for the analyses, the analysis techniques and results, and conclusions are presented. RP Vo, TV (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 114 IS 2 BP 179 EP 193 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA UF278 UT WOS:A1996UF27800004 ER PT J AU Mariani, RD Benedict, RW Lell, RM Turski, RB Fujita, EK AF Mariani, RD Benedict, RW Lell, RM Turski, RB Fujita, EK TI Criticality safety strategy and analysis summary for the fuel cycle facility electrorefiner at Argonne National Laboratory West SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spent-fuel conditioning; electrorefining; criticality safety strategy AB As parr of the termination activities of Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) West, the spent metallic fuel from EBR-II will be treated in the fuel cycle facility (FCF). A key component of the spent-fuel treatment process in the FCF is the electrorefiner (ER) in which the actinide metals are separated from the active metal fission products and the reactive bond sodium. In the electrorefining process, the metal fuel is anodically dissolved into a high-temperature molten salt, and refined uranium or uranium/plutonium products are deposited at cathodes. The criticality safety strategy and analysis for the ANL West FCF ER is summarized. The FCF ER operations and processes for formed the basis for evaluating criticality safety and control during actinide metal fuel refining. To show criticality safety for the FCF ER, the reference operating conditions for the ER had to be defined. Normal operating envelopes (NOEs) were then defined to bracket the important operating conditions. To keep the operating conditions within their NOEs, process controls were identified that can be used to regulate the actinide forms and content within the ER. A series of operational checks were developed for each operation that will verify the extent or success of an operation. The criticality analysis consider ed the ER operating conditions at their NOE values as the point of departure for credible and incredible failure modes. As a result of the analysis, FCF ER operations were found to be safe with respect to criticality. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Mariani, RD (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,POB 2528,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83403, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 114 IS 2 BP 224 EP 234 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA UF278 UT WOS:A1996UF27800007 ER PT J AU Yim, MS Simonson, SA Sullivan, TM AF Yim, MS Simonson, SA Sullivan, TM TI Investigation of C-14 release in an engineered low-level waste disposal facility SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE low-level waste; performance assessment; C-14; gas-phase release AB Atmospheric releases of C-14 from a generic engineered low-level waste (LLW) disposal facility and its radiological impacts are investigated. A computer model that describes microbial gas generation and the transport has been developed and used to analyze the generation of C-14 contaminated gases and subsequent migration in a facility. Models are based on a chemical kinetic description of aerobic and anaerobic decomposition of organic materials coupled with attending models of oxygen transport and consumption within waste containers in a facility. Effects of radiolysis on gas generation are addressed based on the estimated dose rate for class B and C wastes. Estimates predict that annual atmospheric release of C-14 due to atmospheric pressure variations could range between similar to 2.6 x 10(8) and 5.5 x 10(11) Bq as a result of microbial gas generation based on a volume of 48 000 m(3) LLW disposed in a facility. The associated dose to a maximally exposed individual is estimated to be dominated by ingestion pathway and strongly depends on the fraction of the food imported from an uncontaminated outside area. Dose rates are expected to be <0.04 mSv/yr, considering a reasonable distance between the facility and the exposed population. The depletion through airborne releases of C-14 inventory that is available for transport through other path ways is not expected to be a significant issue. C1 MIT,DEPT NUCL ENGN,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Yim, MS (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT NUCL ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. RI Yim, Man-Sung/G-2720-2011 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 114 IS 2 BP 254 EP 271 PG 18 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA UF278 UT WOS:A1996UF27800010 ER PT J AU Ellsworth, DS Oren, R Huang, C Phillips, N Hendrey, GR AF Ellsworth, DS Oren, R Huang, C Phillips, N Hendrey, GR TI Leaf and canopy responses to elevated CO2 in a pine forest under free-air CO2 enrichment (vol 104, pg 139, 1995) SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 DUKE UNIV,SCH ENVIRONM,DURHAM,NC 27708. RP Ellsworth, DS (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,BIOSYST & PROC SCI DIV,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 1996 VL 106 IS 3 BP 416 EP 416 DI 10.1007/BF00334570 PG 1 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UP600 UT WOS:A1996UP60000016 PM 28307330 ER PT J AU Deng, L Payne, MG Garrett, WR AF Deng, L Payne, MG Garrett, WR TI Effect of the odd-photon destructive interference on laser induced transparency in rubidium SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; EXCITATION; IONIZATION; GENERATION; RESONANCES; INVERSION; SHIFTS AB We present evidence that the odd-photon destructive interference plays an important role when laser induced transparency is used to generate a four-wave mixing signal at a frequency corresponding to a resonance transition. We observe that the resonance four-wave mixing works as predicted by the Harris theory until a critical concentration is reached, Well above the critical concentration the four-wave mixing field becomes concentration independent. This destructive interference significantly limits the much anticipated high efficiency nonlinear wave generation promised in early studies on laser induced transparency. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,CHEM PHYS SECT,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Deng, L (reprint author), GEORGIA SO UNIV,DEPT PHYS,STATESBORO,GA 30460, USA. RI Deng, Lu/B-3997-2012 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 126 IS 1-3 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.1016/0030-4018(96)00041-7 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA UM753 UT WOS:A1996UM75300014 ER PT J AU Xiao, SQ Hinderberger, S Westmacott, KH Dahmen, U AF Xiao, SQ Hinderberger, S Westmacott, KH Dahmen, U TI The effect of twinning on the shapes of cube-cube-related Ge precipitates in Al SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID SYMMETRY; ALLOYS; MORPHOLOGY; GERMANIUM; ALUMINUM AB This work establishes a correlation between the shape and internal twin structure of cube-cube-related Ge precipitates in Al. Using conventional and high-resolution electron microscopy it is shown that most triangular plates have only one twin variant, parallel to the habit plane. Hexagonal plates have two or more twins of the same variant, parallel to the habit plane. Most tetrahedral precipitates have two non-coplanar twin variants. Small octahedral precipitates are twin free, while larger octahedra can have up to two twin variants. The different shapes are due to preferential growth at grooves formed by re-entrant twin junctions, and an increased mobility of the interfaces between the matrix and a twinned precipitate. It is shown that precipitates nucleate as twin-free octahedra. The effect of single, double and secondary twinning on precipitate growth is analysed systematically and compared with experimental observations. Symmetry considerations show that all three precipitate forms are consistent with Curie's principle if the desymmetrizing effect of twinning is taken into consideration. RP Xiao, SQ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,NATL CTR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1261 EP 1278 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA UN307 UT WOS:A1996UN30700002 ER PT J AU Pearlstein, RM AF Pearlstein, RM TI Bill Arnold: Scientist, philosopher, friend SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Item About an Individual DE W Arnold; D Arnon; N Bohr; W Butler; S Carson; M Dolin; C S French; B Strehler; A Stent-Gyorgi; chlorophyll fluorescence; kudzu; delayed fluorescence; electroluminescence; thermoluminescence AB Bill Arnold is a great scientist in whose laboratory I was privileged to work during the years he discovered the thermoluminescence and the electroluminescence of green plants. I reminisce about Bill's influences on me, scientific and otherwise, during those years. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 10 DI 10.1007/BF00040988 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA VP187 UT WOS:A1996VP18700003 PM 24271278 ER PT J AU Pearlstein, RM AF Pearlstein, RM TI Coupling of exciton motion in the core antenna and primary charge separation in the reaction center SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE exciton trapping; electron transfer; purple bacteria; LH1 ID LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEX; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; RHODOSPIRILLUM-RUBRUM; TRANSPORT COHERENCE; MOLECULAR-CRYSTALS; EXCITATION-ENERGY; LINEAR-CHAINS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MIGRATION; KINETICS AB The relation between exciton motion in the LH1 antenna and primary charge separation in the reaction center of purple bacteria is briefly reviewed. It is argued that in models based on hopping excitons described strictly by Forster theory, transfer-to-trap-limited kinetics is quite unlikely according to the relation between the exciton trapping kinetics and 'N', the size of the photosynthetic unit in such models. Because the results of several recent experiments have been interpreted in terms of transfer-to-trap limited kinetics, this presents a conflict between these experimental interpretations and strictly Forster-based theoretical models. Two possible resolutions are proposed. One arises from the random phase-redistribution trapping kinetics of partially coherent excitons, a kinetics uniquely independent of both N and the rate constant for primary charge separation in the reaction center. The other comes from multiple-pathways models of the multipicosecond nonexponentiality of the decay of P*, the electronically excited primary electron donor in the reaction center. In these models, because it depends only on a certain averaged electron-transfer time constant, the exciton lifetime may be relatively insensitive to variations of individual electron-transfer rate constants - thereby undercutting the argument appearing in recent literature that by default the exciton kinetics must be transfer-to-trap limited. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1007/BF00040998 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA VP187 UT WOS:A1996VP18700013 PM 24271288 ER PT J AU Greenfield, SR Wasielewski, MR AF Greenfield, SR Wasielewski, MR TI Excitation energy transfer and charge separation in the isolated Photosystem II reaction center SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE electron transfer; pheophytin; primary photochemistry; P680; ultrafast spectroscopy ID REACTION-CENTER COMPLEX; TRANSIENT ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; PICOSECOND FLUORESCENCE KINETICS; PRIMARY ELECTRON-TRANSFER; EXCITED-STATE STRUCTURE; RADICAL PAIR FORMATION; 2 REACTION CENTERS; CHLOROPHYLL-A; PLANT PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE AB The nature of excitation energy transfer and charge separation in isolated Photosystem II reaction centers is an area of considerable interest and controversy. Excitation energy transfer from accessory chlorophyll a to the primary electron donor P680 takes place in tens of picoseconds, although there is some evidence that thermal equilibration of the excitation between P680 and a subset of the accessory chlorophyll a occurs on a 100-fs timescale. The intrinsic rate for charge separation at low temperature is accepted to be ca. (2 ps)(-1), and is based on several measurements using different experimental techniques. This rate is in good agreement with estimates based on larger sized particles, and is similar to the rate observed with bacterial reaction centers. However, near room temperature there is considerable disagreement as to the observed rate for charge separation, with several experiments pointing to a ca. (3 ps)(-1) rate, and others to a ca. (20 ps)(-1) rate. These processes and the experiments used to measure them will be reviewed. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. NORTHWESTERN UNIV, DEPT CHEM, EVANSTON, IL 60208 USA. NR 57 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 97 DI 10.1007/BF00040999 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA VP187 UT WOS:A1996VP18700014 PM 24271289 ER PT J AU Savikhin, S Struve, WS AF Savikhin, S Struve, WS TI Low-temperature energy transfer in FMO trimers from the green photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobium tepidum SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE antenna; electronic energy transfer; green photosynthetic bacteria; pump-probe spectroscopy; ultrafast laser spectroscopy ID BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL-A-PROTEIN; PROSTHECOCHLORIS-AESTUARII; FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY; ANTENNA COMPLEX; OPTICAL-SPECTRA AB The pump-probe kinetics of the slowest spectral equilibrations between inequivalent BChl a Q(y) states in FMO trimers from Chlorobium tepidum are decelerated by nearly two orders of magnitude when the temperature is lowered from 300 K to 19 K. The pump-probe anisotropy decays are also markedly slower at 19 K than at 300 K. Singlet-singlet annihilation in FMO trimers is negligible at the laser powers used here. However, reduced temperatures greatly accentuate the probability of singlet-tripler annihilation, due to accumulation of metastable BChl a states under high laser repetition rates. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. RP Savikhin, S (reprint author), US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 271 EP 276 DI 10.1007/BF00041018 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA VP187 UT WOS:A1996VP18700033 PM 24271308 ER PT J AU Reddy, NRS Wu, HM Jankowiak, R Picorel, R Cogdell, RJ Small, GJ AF Reddy, NRS Wu, HM Jankowiak, R Picorel, R Cogdell, RJ Small, GJ TI High pressure studies of energy transfer and strongly coupled bacteriochlorophyll dimers in photosynthetic protein complexes SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hole burning; homogeneous broadening; inhomogeneous broadening; Rhodobacter sphaeroides; Rhodopseudomonas acidophila ID LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEXES; B800-B850 ANTENNA COMPLEX; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS; RHODOSPIRILLUM-RUBRUM; TRANSFER DYNAMICS; PIGMENT ORGANIZATION; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; HOLE; BACTERIA AB High pressure is used with hole burning and absorption spectroscopies at low temperatures to study the pressure dependence of the B800-->B850 energy transfer rate in the LH2 complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides and to assess the extent to which pressure can be used to identify and characterize states associated with strongly coupled chlorophyll molecules. Pressure tuning of the B800-B850 gap from similar to 750 cm(-1) at 0.1 MPa to similar to 900 cm(-1) at 680 MPa has no measurable effect on the 2 ps energy transfer rate of the B800-B850 complex at 4.2 K. An explanation for this resilience against pressure, which is supported by earlier hole burning studies, is provided. It is based on weak coupling nonadiabatic transfer theory and takes into account the inhomogeneous width of the B800-B850 energy gap, the large homogeneous width of the B850 band from exciton level structure and the Franck-Condon factors of acceptor protein phonons and intramolecular BChl a modes. The model yields reasonable agreement with the 4.2 K energy transfer rate and is consistent with its weak temperature dependence. It is assumed that it is the Cs-ring exciton levels which lie within the B850 band that are the key acceptor levels, meaning that BChl a modes are essential to the energy transfer process. These ring exciton levels derive from the strongly allowed lowest energy component of the basic B850 dimer. However, the analysis of B850s linear pressure shift suggests that another Forster pathway may also be important. It is one that involves the ring exciton levels derived from the weakly allowed upper component of the B850 dimer which we estimate to be quasi-degenerate with B800. In the second part of the paper, which is concerned with strong BChl monomer-monomer interactions of dimers, we report that the pressure shifts of B875 (LH2), the primary donor absorption bands of bacterial RC (P870 of Rb. sphaeroides and P960 of Rhodopseudomonas viridis) and B1015 (LH complex of Rps. viridis) are equal and large in value (similar to -0.4 cm(01)/MPa at 4.2 K) relative to those of isolated monomers in polymers and proteins (< -0.1 cm(01)/MPa). The shift rate for B850 at 4.2 K is similar to 0.28 cm(-1)/MPa. A model is presented which appears to be capable of providing a unified explanation for the pressure shifts. C1 US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. CSIC,EE AULA DEI,E-50080 ZARAGOZA,SPAIN. UNIV GLASGOW,DEPT BOT,GLASGOW G12 8QQ,LANARK,SCOTLAND. RI PICOREL, RAFAEL/K-7930-2014 OI PICOREL, RAFAEL/0000-0003-3791-129X NR 54 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 277 EP 289 DI 10.1007/BF00041019 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA VP187 UT WOS:A1996VP18700034 PM 24271309 ER PT J AU Emery, VJ Kivelson, SA AF Emery, VJ Kivelson, SA TI Charge ordering in high-temperature superconductors SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Frontiers of High -T(c) Superconductivity CY OCT 27-29, 1995 CL MORIOKA, JAPAN ID 2-DIMENSIONAL HUBBARD-MODEL; PHASE-SEPARATION; HARTREE-FOCK; MONTE-CARLO; MAGNETISM; RANGE AB The reasons for expecting the formation of ordered or fluctuating charge snipes and antiphase spin domains in high-temperature superconductors are surveyed. Evidence for such behavior is described, and some of the consequences for the physical properties of high-temperature superconductors and the mechanism of superconductivity are presented. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT PHYS,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095. RP Emery, VJ (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 32 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY PY 1996 VL 263 IS 1-4 BP 44 EP 48 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(96)00071-8 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA UW986 UT WOS:A1996UW98600010 ER PT J AU Loeser, AG Dessau, DS Shen, ZX AF Loeser, AG Dessau, DS Shen, ZX TI Doping dependence of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta in the normal state SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Frontiers of High -T(c) Superconductivity CY OCT 27-29, 1995 CL MORIOKA, JAPAN ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; FERMI-SURFACE; SUPERCONDUCTING GAP; SPECTRAL WEIGHT; SINGULARITY AB We have probed the electronic structure of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, observing changes in the electronic structure with doping variation. At carrier dopings below the optimal for superconductivity, we observe an excitation gap in the normal state. The momentum dependence and the magnitude of the gap are very similar to those of the d(x2-y2) gap observed in the superconducting state. C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT APPL PHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,STANFORD,CA 94305. NR 30 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY PY 1996 VL 263 IS 1-4 BP 208 EP 213 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(96)00074-3 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA UW986 UT WOS:A1996UW98600047 ER PT J AU Endoh, Y Yamada, K Wakimoto, S Lee, CH Hosoya, S Birgeneau, RJ Greven, M Kastner, MA Shirane, G AF Endoh, Y Yamada, K Wakimoto, S Lee, CH Hosoya, S Birgeneau, RJ Greven, M Kastner, MA Shirane, G TI Spin fluctuations in superconducting La1-xSrxCuO4 SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Frontiers of High -T(c) Superconductivity CY OCT 27-29, 1995 CL MORIOKA, JAPAN ID EXCITATIONS AB Recent neutron scattering studies of the single-layered high-temperature superconductor La2-xSrxCuO4 an reviewed. The emphasis will be placed on the important observation of an energy gap opening up in spin excitations below T-c (37.3 K for x = 0.15 crystal), which suggests the d-wave superconducting state. High-energy neutron scattering studies prove a persistence of antiferromagnetic spin correlations in the superconducting state. C1 YAMANASHI UNIV,FAC ENGN,INST INORGAN SYNTH,KOFU,YAMANASHI 400,JAPAN. MIT,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Endoh, Y (reprint author), TOHOKU UNIV,DEPT PHYS,AOBA KU,ARAMAKI AZA AOBA,SENDAI,MIYAGI 98077,JAPAN. RI Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY PY 1996 VL 263 IS 1-4 BP 349 EP 354 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(96)00072-X PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA UW986 UT WOS:A1996UW98600079 ER PT J AU Crabtree, GW Leaf, GK Kaper, HG Vinokur, VM Koshelev, AE Braun, DW Levine, DM Kwok, WK Fendrich, JA AF Crabtree, GW Leaf, GK Kaper, HG Vinokur, VM Koshelev, AE Braun, DW Levine, DM Kwok, WK Fendrich, JA TI Time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau simulations of vortex guidance by twin boundaries SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Frontiers of High -T(c) Superconductivity CY OCT 27-29, 1995 CL MORIOKA, JAPAN ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SUPERCONDUCTOR YBA2CU3OX; ABRIKOSOV VORTICES; FLUX-PENETRATION; LATTICE AB The driven motion of vortices in the presence of a planar defect is simulated by means of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations. Guided motion of the vortices, both internal and external to the twin boundary, is found to occur over a range of driving forces. Experimental transport data on a single crystal of YBa2Cu3O7 are consistent with guided motion. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Crabtree, GW (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906 NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY PY 1996 VL 263 IS 1-4 BP 401 EP 408 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(96)00078-0 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA UW986 UT WOS:A1996UW98600090 ER PT J AU Maple, MB deAndrade, MC Herrmann, J Han, SH Movshovich, R Gajewski, DA Chau, R AF Maple, MB deAndrade, MC Herrmann, J Han, SH Movshovich, R Gajewski, DA Chau, R TI Non-Fermi liquid behavior in chemically-substituted f-electron compounds SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Frontiers of High -T(c) Superconductivity CY OCT 27-29, 1995 CL MORIOKA, JAPAN ID KONDO; Y1-XUXPD3; ALLOYS; URU2SI2 AB Certain chemically substituted f-electron compounds exhibit non-Fermi liquid behavior in their low-temperature physical properties and appear to constitute a new class of strongly correlated f-electron materials. In this paper. we update the experimental situation for the archetypal Y1-xUxPd3 system and briefly describe recent experiments on the U1-xThxPd2Al3 system. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87845 USA. RP UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, INST PURE & APPL PHYS SCI, DEPT PHYS, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY PY 1996 VL 263 IS 1-4 BP 490 EP 497 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(95)00778-4 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA UW986 UT WOS:A1996UW98600111 ER PT J AU Bowers, CJ Budker, D Commins, ED DeMille, D Freedman, SJ Nguyen, AT Shang, SQ Zolotorev, M AF Bowers, CJ Budker, D Commins, ED DeMille, D Freedman, SJ Nguyen, AT Shang, SQ Zolotorev, M TI Experimental investigation of excited-state lifetimes in atomic ytterbium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PARITY NONCONSERVATION; YB-I; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; CESIUM; BEAM; VIOLATION; THALLIUM; SPECTRUM AB Lifetimes of 21 excited states in atomic Yb were measured using time-resolved fluorescence detection following pulsed laser excitation. The lifetime of the 4f(14)5d6s D-3(1) state, which is of particular importance for a proposed study of parity nonconservation in atoms, was measured to be 380(30) ns. C1 STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR, STANFORD, CA 94309 USA. RP UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT PHYS, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 NR 34 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 3103 EP 3109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.53.3103 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA UK940 UT WOS:A1996UK94000030 ER PT J AU Fournier, KB Goldstein, WH May, M Finkenthal, M Terry, JL AF Fournier, KB Goldstein, WH May, M Finkenthal, M Terry, JL TI Resonant excitation channels in the 3d(10)-3d(9)4s and 3d(10)-3d(9)4p transitions of nickel-like Mo14+ and Zr12+ SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SPECTRUM; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; HIGHLY IONIZED MOLYBDENUM; TFR TOKAMAK; IONS; IDENTIFICATION AB At energies below the threshold for direct electron impact excitation, resonant excitations can make a significant contribution to the total excitation rate of a given energy level. In this paper, the rates of resonant excitation into the levels of the 3d(9)4s and 3d(9)4p configurations of Mo14+ have been calculated using a fully relativistic, multiconfiguration atomic structure code and detailed accounting of energy levels. By including the effects of resonant excitations in collisional-radiative models for the spectrum of Ni I-like Mo14+ and (by isoelectronic scaling) Zr12+, the ratio of the emissivity of the 3d(10)-4d(9)4s E2 transitions to the emissivity of the 3d(10)-3d(9)4p El transitions is greatly enhanced, and sensitivity to electron temperature in the ratio is introduced. This ratio is density sensitive for n(e) greater than or equal to 10(13) cm(-3), and therefore, given knowledge of either local temperature or density conditions, the E2-E1 ratio can serve as a diagnostic for local conditions in magnetically confined fusion plasmas. The current work demonstrates the need to include resonant excitations in collisional-radiative models of the soft x-ray emission of nickel-like ions. Good agreement is found between measurements of El and E2 Line brightness ratios made in a tokamak plasma, and the predictions of collisional-radiative models in the present work. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. MIT,CTR PLASMA FUS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP Fournier, KB (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 3110 EP 3116 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.53.3110 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA UK940 UT WOS:A1996UK94000031 ER PT J AU Mitnik, D Mandelbaum, P Schwob, JL BarShalom, A Oreg, J Goldstein, WH AF Mitnik, D Mandelbaum, P Schwob, JL BarShalom, A Oreg, J Goldstein, WH TI Excitation-autoionization cross sections and rate coefficients of Cu-like ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; INNER-SHELL; I-LIKE; STATES AB Detailed level-by-level calculations of the excitation-autoionization (EA) cross sections and rate coefficients were performed using the relativistic distorted-wave method along the Cu isoelectronic sequence for all the elements with 34 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 92. While in a previous work only the 3d-4l inner-shell collisional excitations had been taken into account, the present extensive calculations include the 3d(10)4s-3d(9)4snl (n=4-7 and l=0-n-1) and the 3p(6)3d(10)4s-3p(5)3d(10)4snl (n=4,5 and l=0-n-1) excitations. An extrapolation method is used to evaluate the contribution for higher principal quantum numbers. Configuration mixing and secondary autoionization processes following radiative decay from autoionizing levels are also included. The results show that the EA processes give a dominant contribution compared to direct ionization, up to a factor of about 15 at 2=43. The additional inner-shell excitations for Z<55 produce an increase in the EA effect varying from 20% to a factor of 2, with respect to the previously predicted 3d-4l EA rates. The additional excitations are the most significant for heavy elements with Z>55, since they open EA channels, resulting in an EA rate varying typically along the sequence from 3 to 1 times the direct ionization rate. C1 NUCL RES CTR NEGEV,IL-84190 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Mitnik, D (reprint author), HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,RACAH INST PHYS,IL-91904 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 3178 EP 3188 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.53.3178 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA UK940 UT WOS:A1996UK94000041 ER PT J AU Gervais, B Reinhold, CO Burgdorfer, J AF Gervais, B Reinhold, CO Burgdorfer, J TI Simulation of excited-state formation of hydrogen in transmission of relativistic H- ions through thin foils SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-IONIZATION; HELIUM; IMPACT AB We present a theoretical description of the formation of excited states H(n) due to the interaction of relativistic H- ions with thin foils. The classical transport theory based on a Monte Carlo-solution of a Langevin equation is generalized to relativistic speeds of the projectile. Relativistic corrections are introduced to both collision dynamics and kinematics. The n distribution of excited states, H(n), is studied as a function of the foil thickness and compared with recent experimental data. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Gervais, B (reprint author), CTR INTERDISCIPLINAIRE RECH IONS LOURDS,CNRS,CEA,LAB MIXTE,RUE C BLOCH,BOITE POSTALE 5133,F-14040 CAEN,FRANCE. OI Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 3189 EP 3200 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.53.3189 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA UK940 UT WOS:A1996UK94000042 ER PT J AU Gulley, MS Keating, PB Bryant, HC MacKerrow, EP Miller, WA Rislove, DC Cohen, S Donahue, JB Fitzgerald, DH Frankle, SC Funk, DJ Hutson, RL Macek, RJ Plum, MA Stanciu, NG vanDyck, OB Wilkinson, CA Planner, CW AF Gulley, MS Keating, PB Bryant, HC MacKerrow, EP Miller, WA Rislove, DC Cohen, S Donahue, JB Fitzgerald, DH Frankle, SC Funk, DJ Hutson, RL Macek, RJ Plum, MA Stanciu, NG vanDyck, OB Wilkinson, CA Planner, CW TI Measurement of H-, H-0, and H+ yields produced by foil stripping of 800-MeV H- ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB Measurements of H- stripping and H-0 excited-state production for a wide range of foil thicknesses and experimental conditions are reported. An 800-MeV H- beam was passed through carbon or aluminum oxide foils of thicknesses ranging from 10 to 550 mu g/cm(2) and the excited states produced were analyzed by field. stripping in a special magnet downstream of the foil. The foil thicknesses were independently determined. The H-0 atoms emerging in excited states with n>2 can be stripped to protons in fields of up to 1.3 T The yield of excited states as a function of foil thickness and the cross sections for the various interactions are presented. The cross-section ratio of double to single ionization of H- in carbon is found to be (1.8+/-0.9)%. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB,DIDCOT OX11 0QX,OXON,ENGLAND. RP Gulley, MS (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 3201 EP 3210 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.53.3201 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA UK940 UT WOS:A1996UK94000043 ER PT J AU Ditmire, T Donnelly, T Rubenchik, AM Falcone, RW Perry, MD AF Ditmire, T Donnelly, T Rubenchik, AM Falcone, RW Perry, MD TI Interaction of intense laser pulses with atomic clusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FIELD-INDUCED IONIZATION; ARGON CLUSTERS; TEMPERATURE; GENERATION; NUCLEATION; EXCITATION; PLASMAS; DENSITY; GAS AB We examine the interaction of intense, femtosecond laser radiation with the large (50-200 Angstrom) clusters produced in pulsed gas jets. Both experiment and simulation show that the plasmas produced during these interactions exhibit electron temperatures far in excess of that predicted by above-threshold ionization theory for a low-density gas. Efficient heating of the clusters by the laser is followed by rapid expansion of the clusters and long-lived x-ray emission from hot, decaying, underdense plasma. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LASER PROGRAM,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 57 TC 745 Z9 768 U1 5 U2 66 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 3379 EP 3402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.53.3379 PG 24 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA UK940 UT WOS:A1996UK94000064 ER PT J AU Milonni, PW Smith, A AF Milonni, PW Smith, A TI vanderWaals dispersion forces in electromagnetic fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB By relating the van der Waals dispersion interaction between two neutral polarizable particles to a field correlation function, we show that the interaction is modified by applied electromagnetic fields. The modified interaction, which has a simple physical interpretation, can vary as r(-3) rather than r(-6) if the applied field is nearly unidirectional. Approximate numerical estimates indicate that the effect is very small for static or low-frequency fields, but that it might be significant, particularly in cold traps, when the frequency of a quasimonochromatic applied field is near a strong absorption line. RP Milonni, PW (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET T 4,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 9 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 3484 EP 3489 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.53.3484 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA UK940 UT WOS:A1996UK94000073 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Chunyu, ST You, YL Zhang, QR Yang, SJ Huang, WZ Wu, DY Zhuang, XQ Liu, SP Cai, YQ Du, FY Yuan, XD Wei, XF Zhao, YK Peng, HS Nilsen, J AF Zhang, J Chunyu, ST You, YL Zhang, QR Yang, SJ Huang, WZ Wu, DY Zhuang, XQ Liu, SP Cai, YQ Du, FY Yuan, XD Wei, XF Zhao, YK Peng, HS Nilsen, J TI Soft-x-ray lasing at 32.6nm in Ne-like Ti ions driven by 40 J of energy from two 650-ps laser pulses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GAIN AB Using only 40 J of drive energy in a 650-ps main pulse we demonstrated lasing on the J=0-->1, 3p-->3s transition in neonlike titanium at 32.6 nm. This is an order of magnitude smaller drive energy than has been used previously to drive low-Z neonlike x-ray lasers. We present a series of experiments using titanium slab targets which study the threshold for lasing in neonlike titanium when the 1.8-cm-long targets are illuminated by a low-intensity prepulse 5 ns before the main optical drive pulse of the 1.05-mu m Xingguang Nd-glass laser. For a 1% prepulse, the energy threshold is measured to be 40 J, which contrasts with 110 J for a 9% prepulse. In both cases, the 32.6-nm Ti lasing line peaks 5 mrad off-axis with divergences of 4 and 5 mrad for the 1% and 9% prepulse cases, respectively. C1 UNIV OXFORD,CLARENDON LAB,DEPT PHYS,OXFORD OX1 3PU,ENGLAND. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), INST NUCL PHYS & CHEM,POB 52584,CHENGDU 610003,PEOPLES R CHINA. RI Zhang, Jie/O-8767-2014 NR 21 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 3640 EP 3646 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.53.3640 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA UK940 UT WOS:A1996UK94000090 ER PT J AU Briand, JP deBilly, L Jin, J Khemliche, H Prior, MH Xie, Z Nectoux, M Schneider, DH AF Briand, JP deBilly, L Jin, J Khemliche, H Prior, MH Xie, Z Nectoux, M Schneider, DH TI Interaction of slow Ar(17,18)+ ions with C-60: An insight into ion-surface interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY CHARGED IONS; X-RAY; HOLLOW ATOMS; COLLISIONS; EMISSION; ARGON AB The interaction of Ar-(17,Ar-18+) ions with C-60 has been studied by observing coincidences between Ar K x rays and the fullerene ions and fragments. At large distances the capture of electrons from C-60 into excited states of the ion has been observed and compared to the interaction of the same ions with surfaces. Most of the observed events correspond to the capture of many electrons by the ion and the loss of all but one. These results show clearly the characteristic behavior of ions flying over a surface without any contact. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Briand, JP (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 06,INST RADIUM,LAB PHYS ATOM & NUCL,4 PL JUSSIEU,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP R2925 EP R2928 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA UK940 UT WOS:A1996UK94000005 ER PT J AU Frey, MT Dunning, FB Reinhold, CO Burgdorfer, J AF Frey, MT Dunning, FB Reinhold, CO Burgdorfer, J TI Ionization of very-high-n Rydberg atoms by half-cycle pulses in the short-pulse regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES; FIELD-IONIZATION AB The ionization of potassium Rydberg atoms with n similar to 388 and n similar to 520 by pulsed electric fields whose durations, which range from similar to 2 to similar to 110 ns, span the transition from the short-pulse to the long-pulse regime is investigated experimentally and the data compared with the results of classical trajectory Monte Carlo calculations. We observe excellent agreement between theory and experiment providing a benchmark test for the validity of the classical limit of ionization. Very-high-n atoms provide an excellent tool with which to probe the response of atoms to pulsed electric fields in the short-pulse regime. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RICE UNIV,RICE QUANTUM INST,HOUSTON,TX 77005. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP Frey, MT (reprint author), RICE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,6100 S MAIN ST,HOUSTON,TX 77005, USA. NR 21 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP R2929 EP R2932 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA UK940 UT WOS:A1996UK94000006 ER PT J AU BussmannHolder, A Bishop, AR Benedek, G AF BussmannHolder, A Bishop, AR Benedek, G TI Quasiharmonic periodic traveling-wave solutions in anharmonic potentials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; POLARIZABILITY MODEL; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; FERROELECTRICITY; PHONON; POLARIZATION; LIXK1-XTAO3; INSTABILITY; DISPLACIVE AB Exact solutions of a nonlinear diatomic shell model are investigated in the regime where quasiharmonic and pseudoperiodic traveling waves exist with phonon-type character. The existence regimes of these solutions are determined by the boundary conditions and the model parameters for which especially a strong time and mass dependence is observed. It is found that slowly propagating waves mostly show large displacement responses which can be associated with large dipole moments, while rapidly traveling waves carry a much smaller dipole moment, but still this is appreciably larger than that induced by bare optic-phonon modes. The case of large, anharmonicity shows the opposite effect. Here high-frequency responses carry a large dipole moment. The large dipole moments can be associated with effective charges which induce high oscillator strengths in the corresponding phonon modes, incompatible with results deduced from harmonic lattice dynamics. The origin of the large dipole moments in the shell model is investigated by solving for core and shell displacements separately, where ''acoustic-type'' periodic in-phase displacements of core and shell with different amplitudes are observed, as well as pseudoperiodic out-of-phase ''optic-type'' displacements resulting from large anharmonicity, and are also found in the static limit. Besides the displacement frequency spectrum, the effective potentials are calculated which are distinctly different from phi(4)-type potentials: The potential height is finite with finite width which, in certain cases becomes very small, thus admitting for tunneling through the barrier. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV MILAN,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY. RP BussmannHolder, A (reprint author), MAX PLANCK INST FESTKORPERFORSCH,HEISENBERGSTR 1,D-70569 STUTTGART,GERMANY. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 17 BP 11521 EP 11530 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.11521 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA UK250 UT WOS:A1996UK25000043 ER PT J AU Zheludev, A Shirane, G Sasago, Y Hase, M Uchinokura, K AF Zheludev, A Shirane, G Sasago, Y Hase, M Uchinokura, K TI Dimerized ground state and magnetic excitations in CaCuGe2O6 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANTI-FERROMAGNETIC CHAIN; COMPETING INTERACTIONS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; FORM-FACTOR; CUGEO3 AB The S = 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet CaCuGe2O6 was studied by inelastic neutron scattering on a powder sample in the temperature range 5-300 K. A sharp symmetric magnetic inelastic peak was observed around h omega=6 meV, and its q and temperature dependences were investigated. The absolute values of the energy-integrated magnetic intensity were determined. Despite the fact that from the structural point of view the material has a distinct one-dimensional arrangement of magnetic sites, the experimental results are surprisingly well described by an ensemble of weakly interacting antiferromagnetic dimers, which are composed of pairs of Cu2+ ions. C1 UNIV TOKYO,DEPT APPL PHYS,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. RP Zheludev, A (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Hase, Masashi/B-8900-2008 OI Hase, Masashi/0000-0003-2717-461X NR 27 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 17 BP 11642 EP 11646 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.11642 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA UK250 UT WOS:A1996UK25000059 ER PT J AU Fontes, MB Continentino, MA Budko, SL ElMassalami, M Sampaio, LC Guimaraes, AP BaggioSaitovitch, E Hundley, MF Lacerda, A AF Fontes, MB Continentino, MA Budko, SL ElMassalami, M Sampaio, LC Guimaraes, AP BaggioSaitovitch, E Hundley, MF Lacerda, A TI Physical properties of the Ce(Ru1-xFex)(2)Ge-2 series SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; HEAVY FERMIONS; KONDO LATTICE; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; TRANSITION; CERU2SI2; CERU2GE2; CAPACITY; METALS AB CeRu2Ge2 is a ferromagnet with T-c=7.5 K and localized Ce magnetic moment of similar to 2 mu(B), aligned along the c direction of the tetragonal ThCr2Si2 type of crystalline structure. CeFe2Ge2 is a nonmagnetic moderate heavy fermion system (gamma=210 mJ/mol K-2). I, the present work we have monitored the change of the physical properties of CeRu2Ge2 with Fe substitution using x-ray diffraction, ac susceptibility, magnetization, resistivity, heat capacity, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The results obtained allowed us to verify the influence of the unit cell volume change on the variation of the physical properties of this series. We discuss the evolution of the physical properties of the Ce(Ru1-xFex)(2)Ge-2 series of compounds in terms of the competition between Kondo effect and Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interactions in the Doniach model. A tentative phase diagram is proposed to represent the physical picture of this series. The variation of the hybridization strength between f and p/d orbitals due to the change of the unit cell volume was investigated. It provides an important contribution to the evolution of the physical properties of the Ce(Ru1-xFex)(2)Ge-2 series of compounds. C1 CTR BRASILEIRO PESQUISAS FIS,BR-22290180 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Fontes, MB (reprint author), UNIV FED FLUMINENSE,INST FIS,CAMPUS PRAIA VERMELHA,RUA GEN MILTON TAVARES DE S,BR-24210340 NITEROI,RJ,BRAZIL. RI Continentino, Mucio/B-7271-2013; Guimaraes, Alberto/A-5546-2010; Saitovitch, Elisa/A-6769-2015; ElMassalami, Mohammed /C-1979-2013 OI Continentino, Mucio/0000-0003-0167-8529; Guimaraes, Alberto/0000-0001-6024-2691; ElMassalami, Mohammed /0000-0003-3543-1946 NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 17 BP 11678 EP 11684 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.11678 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA UK250 UT WOS:A1996UK25000064 ER PT J AU Dominguez, D Jose, JV AF Dominguez, D Jose, JV TI Magnetic and transport dc properties of inductive Josephson-junction arrays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GIANT SHAPIRO STEPS; SUPERCONDUCTING ARRAYS; DYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; PHASE; TRANSITION; VORTICES; FIELDS; DEPENDENCE; BEHAVIOR AB We present an extensive study of the de magnetic and transport properties of inductive Josephson junction arrays at zero temperature. We carry out the analysis using the resistively shunted Josephson junction (RSJ) model plus Faraday's law. We explicitly discuss the gauge invariance of the equations as well as their symmetries. We consider and compare the results of three different models for the corresponding inductance matrix: self-inductance, nearest-neighbor inductance, and full inductance matrix. The importance of carefully considering the boundary conditions for external currents is discussed as well. Heuristic analytic results are derived from linearizing the RSJ plus Faraday's law equations. In particular, we discuss the critical properties of the model and the nature of the vortex-vortex interactions when going from negligible to strong screening regimes. The de properties of the arrays are analyzed as a function of the screening parameter kappa = lambda/a, with lambda the magnetic penetration depth and a the lattice spacing. The weak or extreme type II regime corresponds to kappa much greater than 1, and the strong screening or type I regime to kappa less than or equal to 1. We present results for the calculated magnetization and vortex densities as a function of external magnetic fields for a set of kappa's and lattice sizes. A qualitative change is found between the de magnetic and transport responses of the inductive Josephson arrays when going from the type II to the type I regime. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NORTHEASTERN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,BOSTON,MA 02115. NORTHEASTERN UNIV,CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES COMPLEX SYST,BOSTON,MA 02115. RI Dominguez, Daniel/E-9304-2016 OI Dominguez, Daniel/0000-0002-6204-0150 NR 85 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 17 BP 11692 EP 11713 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.11692 PG 22 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA UK250 UT WOS:A1996UK25000066 ER PT J AU KrusinElbaum, L Civale, L Thompson, JR Feild, C AF KrusinElbaum, L Civale, L Thompson, JR Feild, C TI Accommodation of vortices to columnar defects: Evidence for large entropic reduction of vortex localization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BOSON LOCALIZATION; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSPORT; CRYSTALS AB We map a pinning boundary in YBa2Cu3O7-delta crystals with columnar defects via (i) a finite large drop of the persistent current J(T), (ii) a maximum in the thermal relaxation rate S(T), and (iii) the onset of 1/H field dependence of J(H). This boundary is consistent with the ''accommodation'' field B*(T) proposed by Nelson and Vinokur, separating the regime of vortices well localized on columnar pins from the interaction-dominated collective regime. The strong-pinning regime is limited by an unexpectedly low vortex depinning temperature T(dp)similar to 41 K (below 0.5T(c)).[S0163-1829(96)01918-2]. C1 CNEA,CTR ATOM BARILOCHE,RA-8400 SAN CARLOS BARILO,RIO NEGRO,ARGENTINA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP KrusinElbaum, L (reprint author), IBM CORP,RES,YORKTOWN HTS,NY 10598, USA. NR 18 TC 119 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 17 BP 11744 EP 11750 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.11744 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA UK250 UT WOS:A1996UK25000071 ER PT J AU Cheng, SC Dravid, VP Goodwin, TJ Shelton, RN Radousky, HB AF Cheng, SC Dravid, VP Goodwin, TJ Shelton, RN Radousky, HB TI Determination of the valence of Pr in (Eu1.5-xPrxCe0.5)Sr2Cu2NbO10 superconducting compounds by electron-energy-loss spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CUPRATE; Y1-XPRXBA2CU3O7; TRANSPORT AB The issue of the valence state of praseodymium (Pr) in Pr-containing cuprates is addressed using electron-energy-loss spectrometry (EELS) in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) on (Eu1.5-xPrxCe0.5)Sr2Cu2NbO10 compounds. EELS analysis, in reference to Ce M(4,5) edges, clearly indicates that the energy onset, M(5)/M(4) intensity ratio and the fine structure of the Mg and Mg edges of a Pr are consistent with Pr valence of +3, These results eliminate theoretical descriptions on these compounds based upon a Pr +4 valence state and a suppression of carrier states. Localized holes, magnetic interactions, and f-electron hybridization remain viable candidates to explain the lack of superconductivity in Pr-based cuprates. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PHYS,DAVIS,CA 95616. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Cheng, SC (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,SCI & TECHNOL CTR SUPERCONDUCT,EVANSTON,IL 60208, USA. RI Dravid, Vinayak/B-6688-2009 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 17 BP 11779 EP 11783 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.11779 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA UK250 UT WOS:A1996UK25000077 ER PT J AU Waldmann, O Steinmeyer, F Muller, P Neumeier, JJ Regi, FX Savary, H Schneck, J AF Waldmann, O Steinmeyer, F Muller, P Neumeier, JJ Regi, FX Savary, H Schneck, J TI Temperature and doping dependence of the penetration depth in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTOR; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; REVERSIBLE MAGNETIZATION; LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; OXYGEN-CONTENT; FIELD; TC; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; YBA2CU3O6.95; TRANSITION AB Using torque magnetometry in the Shubnikov state, we have studied the London penetration depth lambda(ab)(T) of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta and (PbxBi1-x)(2)Sr2CaCu2O8+delta single crystals with different oxygen excess delta. With increasing charge carrier density n(s)/m*proportional to 1/lambda(ab)(2)(0) the transition temperature at first increases, then approaches a maximum, and finally decreases. The sample independent, universal behavior found in the 1:2:3 family is not confirmed. Dependent on preparation prehistory of the samples, either linear or quadratic low temperature behavior of lambda(ab)(T) was observed. A linear term is seen for samples with high maximum T-c approximate to 94 K, while samples with quadratic behavior show a significantly reduced T-c. The results are discussed in terms of d-wave superconductivity with resonant impurity scattering. C1 WALTHER MEISSNER INST TIEFTEMP FORSCH,D-85748 GARCHING,GERMANY. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. CTR NATL ETUD TELECOMMUN,FRANCE TELECOM,F-92220 BAGNEUX,FRANCE. RI Muller, Paul/H-2179-2013 NR 38 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 17 BP 11825 EP 11830 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.11825 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA UK250 UT WOS:A1996UK25000082 ER PT J AU Kresin, VZ Wolf, SA Ovchinnikov, YN AF Kresin, VZ Wolf, SA Ovchinnikov, YN TI Effect of pressure on T-c and the ''intrinsic'' T-c of cuprates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL; SUPERCONDUCTING TRANSITION; THERMAL-EXPANSION; COPPER OXIDES; DEPENDENCE; TEMPERATURE; YBA2CU3O7; DENSITY; FIELD; T(C) AB We propose that the transition temperature in the layered cuprates is affected by a peculiar interplay between doping and pair-breaking scattering. This scattering can lead to a depression of T-c relative to its "intrinsic" value. Using this picture, one can explain the large value of T-c in the three-layered cuprates relative to the two- and one-layer cuprates and also understand the large pressure effects observed. We predict that one can raise T-c above the usual maximum value by applying pressure on underdoped TI-2201 samples and the maximum value of T-c under pressure is evaluated. The temperature dependence of the pressure coefficient is also discussed. C1 USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. LD LANDAU THEORET PHYS INST, MOSCOW 11733V, RUSSIA. RP Kresin, VZ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009 NR 59 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 17 BP 11831 EP 11836 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.11831 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA UK250 UT WOS:A1996UK25000083 ER PT J AU Zieve, RJ Rosenbaum, TF Jaeger, HM Seidler, GT Crabtree, GW Welp, U AF Zieve, RJ Rosenbaum, TF Jaeger, HM Seidler, GT Crabtree, GW Welp, U TI Vortex avalanches at one thousandth the superconducting transition temperature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FIELD; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; JUMPS AB We study the nonequilibrium dynamics of vortex motion at millikelvin temperatures in untwinned single crystals of YBa2Cu3O7-delta Above threshold fields of many tesla, flux jumps appear in the magnetic hysteresis B(H). These jumps correspond to a change of 750 vortices, on average, under our micrometer-sized Bi Hall probes. Not only are the threshold fields large, but they, and the characteristics of the flux jumps themselves, are essentially independent of magnet ramp rate or sample thickness, militating against a thermally triggered instability. Moreover, the threshold differs significantly on the ascending and descending branches of the hysteresis loop. We argue for a dynamical origin for these vortex avalanches and invoke a sandpile analogy to guide our detailed explorations of the H-T plane. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT PHYS,CHICAGO,IL 60637. NEC RES INST,PRINCETON,NJ 08540. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Zieve, RJ (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,JAMES FRANCK INST,5640 S ELLIS AVE,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. RI Seidler, Gerald/I-6974-2012 NR 21 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 17 BP 11849 EP 11854 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.11849 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA UK250 UT WOS:A1996UK25000086 ER PT J AU Blumberg, G Abbamonte, P Klein, MV Lee, WC Ginsberg, DM Miller, LL Zibold, A AF Blumberg, G Abbamonte, P Klein, MV Lee, WC Ginsberg, DM Miller, LL Zibold, A TI Resonant two-magnon Raman scattering in cuprate antiferromagnetic insulators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOTT-HUBBARD SYSTEMS; SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; EXCITATIONS; LA2CUO4; (LA1-XSRX)2CUO4; ND2-XCEXCUO4-Y; YBA2CU3O6+X; DEPENDENCE; 2-MAGNON AB We present results of low-temperature two-magnon resonance Raman excitation profile measurements for single-layer Sr2CuO2Cl2 and bilayer YBa2Cu3O6+delta antiferromagnets over the excitation region from 1.65 to 3.05 eV. These data reveal composite structure of the two-magnon line shape and strong nonmonotic dependence of the scattering intensity on excitation energy. We analyze these data using the triple resonance theory of Chubukov and Frenkel [Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3057 (1995)] and deduce information about magnetic interaction and band parameters in these materials. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PHYS,URBANA,IL 61801. INST CHEM PHYS & BIOPHYS,EE-0001 TALLINN,ESTONIA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PHYS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP Blumberg, G (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,SCI & TECHNOL CTR SUPERCONDUCT,NATL SCI FDN,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 42 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 18 BP 11930 EP 11933 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA UK932 UT WOS:A1996UK93200006 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JP Lederer, P AF Rodriguez, JP Lederer, P TI Confinement of spin and charge in high-temperature superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID T-J MODEL; VALENCE-BOND STATE; FLUX PHASES; GAUGE; RESISTIVITY; FERMIONS; DYNAMICS; FIELDS AB By exploiting the internal gauge invariance intrinsic to a spin-charge-separated electron, we show that such degrees of freedom must be confined in two-dimensional superconductors experiencing strong interelectron repulsion. We also demonstrate that incipient confinement in the normal state can prevent chiral spin fluctuations from destroying the crossover between strange and pseudogap regimes in underdoped high-temperature superconductors. Last, we suggest that the negative Hall anomaly observed in these materials is connected with this confinement effect. C1 CALIF STATE UNIV LOS ANGELES,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LOS ANGELES,CA 90032. UNIV PARIS 11,PHYS SOLIDES LAB,CNRS,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. RP Rodriguez, JP (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 18 BP 11980 EP 11983 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA UK932 UT WOS:A1996UK93200019 ER PT J AU Hufnagel, TC Brennan, S Zschack, P Clemens, BM AF Hufnagel, TC Brennan, S Zschack, P Clemens, BM TI Structural anisotropy in amorphous Fe-Tb thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS SCATTERING FACTORS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; METALLIC FILMS AB We have used conventional and anomalous dispersion x-ray scattering to study the near-neighbor atomic environments in sputter-deposited amorphous Fe-Tb thin films with a large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The as-deposited films show a clear structural anisotropy, with more Fe-Tb near neighbor pairs in the out-of-plane direction. Upon annealing, the magnetic anisotropy drops significantly, and we see a corresponding reduction in the structural anisotropy. The number of Fe-Tb near-neighbors increases in the in-plane direction, but does not change in the out-of-plane direction. Therefore, the distribution of Fe-Tb near neighbors becomes more uniform upon annealing. We conclude that the observed reduction in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy is a result of this change in structure. C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,STANFORD,CA 94309. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Hufnagel, TC (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. RI Hufnagel, Todd/A-3309-2010 OI Hufnagel, Todd/0000-0002-6373-9377 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 18 BP 12024 EP 12030 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.12024 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA UK932 UT WOS:A1996UK93200024 ER PT J AU deMelo, CARS AF deMelo, CARS TI Superconducting wires and fractional flux SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; ARRAYS; TRANSITION; FRUSTRATION; ELECTRONS; NETWORK AB The quantization of flux quanta in superconductors is revisited and analyzed in a new geometry. The system analyzed is a superconducting wire. The geometry is such that the superconducting wire winds N times around an insulating cylinder and that the wire has its end connected back to its beginning, thus producing an N-loop short circuited solenoid. The winding number N acts as a topological index that controls flux quantization. In this case, fractional flux quanta can be measured through the center of the insulating cylinder, provided that the cylinder radius is small enough. The Little-Parks experiment for an identical geometry is discussed. The period of oscillation of the transition temperature of the wire is found to vary as 1/N in units of flux Phi relative to the flux quantum Phi(0). When a SQUID is made in such a geometry the maximal current through the SQUID varies with period Phi(0)/N. RP deMelo, CARS (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 18 BP 12276 EP 12283 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.12276 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA UK932 UT WOS:A1996UK93200054 ER PT J AU GronbechJensen, N Blackburn, JA Samuelsen, MR AF GronbechJensen, N Blackburn, JA Samuelsen, MR TI Phase locking between Fiske and flux-flow modes in coupled sine-Gordon systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID JOSEPHSON SOLITON OSCILLATORS; JUNCTIONS; HYPERRADIANCE; DYNAMICS AB We investigate nonlinear resonant modes in coupled sine-Gordon systems with open boundary conditions. The system models coupled Josephson junctions with boundary conditions representing the situation where an external magnetic field is applied. The so-called Fiske modes are found to exist in phase-locked states where the equivalent voltages across the individual coupled Josephson junctions are either identical or identical with opposite signs. The analysis covers all Fiske modes including the flux-flow region. We present a comprehensive comparison between results on analytical treatment and direct numerical simulations of the coupled field equations. C1 WILFRID LAURIER UNIV,DEPT PHYS & COMP,WATERLOO,ON N2L 3C5,CANADA. TECH UNIV DENMARK,DEPT PHYS,DK-2800 LYNGBY,DENMARK. RP GronbechJensen, N (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 18 BP 12364 EP 12372 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.12364 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA UK932 UT WOS:A1996UK93200064 ER PT J AU Jin, HQ Riedinger, LL Bingham, CR Carpenter, MP Janzen, VP Yu, CH Zhou, L Semmes, PB Zhang, JY Riley, MA Baktash, C Halbert, ML Johnson, NR Lee, IY McGowan, FK AF Jin, HQ Riedinger, LL Bingham, CR Carpenter, MP Janzen, VP Yu, CH Zhou, L Semmes, PB Zhang, JY Riley, MA Baktash, C Halbert, ML Johnson, NR Lee, IY McGowan, FK TI Effects of intruder states in Ir-179 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN STATES; SHAPE COEXISTENCE; ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES; INTERACTION STRENGTH; ALIGNMENT PROCESSES; PT REGION; BANDS; NUCLEI; ISOTOPES; SPECTRA AB High-spin states of the odd-A Ir-179 have been studied via heavy-ion fusion reaction. Bands built on five different Nilsson states (pi h(9/2), pi i(13/2), pi d(5/2), pi h(11/2), and pi f(7/2)) have been established, among which the pi f(7/2) (1/2(-)[530]) band is identified for the first time in Ir isotopes. Experimental aligned angular momenta, band-crossing frequencies, and relative transition rates are analyzed and compared with the cranked shell model and the particle-rotor model calculations. Effects of intruder states, particularly pi h(9/2) and pi i(13/2), have been discussed on three aspects: deformation driving, shape evolution, and quasiparticle alignment. It is found that the pi(13/2) orbital has a strong, positive-beta(2) driving effect on the shape of Ir nuclei, while the driving force of the pi h(9/2) orbital is minimized when the Fermi level reaches the shell. The total Routhian surface calculations suggest that the pi h(11/2) and pi d(5/2) configurations in Ir-179 possess relatively large beta(2) deformation (similar to 0.26), which is consistent with the particle-rotor calculations. The possible contribution of the pi(9/2) crossing to the gradual alignment gains observed in the pi h(11/2) and pi d(5/2) bands is discussed from the influence of deformation and interaction strength. C1 TENNESSEE TECHNOL UNIV, COOKEVILLE, TN 38505 USA. UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT PHYS, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996 USA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, JOINT INST HEAVY ION RES, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 55 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2106 EP 2125 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.53.2106 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA UK915 UT WOS:A1996UK91500009 ER PT J AU Fischer, SM Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Crowell, B Ahmad, I Blumenthal, DJ Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T Nisius, D Reviol, W Mueller, WF Riedinger, LL Smith, BH Cederwall, B AF Fischer, SM Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Crowell, B Ahmad, I Blumenthal, DJ Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T Nisius, D Reviol, W Mueller, WF Riedinger, LL Smith, BH Cederwall, B TI Alignment additivity in the two-quasiparticle superdeformed bands of Tl-192 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEI; STATES; HG-193 AB Four superdeformed bands have been confirmed in Tl-192. Two of these bands have T-(2) dynamic moments of inertia which are nearly constant with rotational frequency HBAR omega. The other two bands show the characteristic rise of T-(2) with increasing HBAR omega seen in most superdeformed bands of the A = 190 region of superdeformation. From comparisons with the odd-A neighbors, it was found that the alignments of these bands relative to a Hg-192 core can be accounted for from the additive contributions of the assigned quasiproton and quasineutron orbitals. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Fischer, SM (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Cederwall, Bo/M-3337-2014; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Cederwall, Bo/0000-0003-1771-2656; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 47 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2126 EP 2133 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.53.2126 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA UK915 UT WOS:A1996UK91500010 ER PT J AU Petrovici, A Schmid, KW Faessler, A Pantelica, D Negoita, F Babu, BRS Ramayya, AV Hamilton, JH Kormicki, J Chaturvedi, L Ma, WC Zhu, SJ Johnson, NR Lee, IY Baktash, C McGowan, FK Halbert, ML Riley, M Cole, JD AF Petrovici, A Schmid, KW Faessler, A Pantelica, D Negoita, F Babu, BRS Ramayya, AV Hamilton, JH Kormicki, J Chaturvedi, L Ma, WC Zhu, SJ Johnson, NR Lee, IY Baktash, C McGowan, FK Halbert, ML Riley, M Cole, JD TI High spin states in As-68: Experiment and theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SHAPE COEXISTENCE; GE-68; NUCLEI; REGION; SE-72; GE AB High spin states in As-68 have been studied using the Fe-56(N-14,2n)As-68, Ni-58 (C-12,pn)As-68, and Ti-46(Mg-25,p2n)As-68 reactions. New high spin states have been observed including a band structure above the known 2160 keV isomeric state. A microscopic description based on the EXCITED VAMPIR model for negative and positive parity states in As-68 is presented. A possible mechanism to populate the observed high spin isomeric state is proposed. The complex structure of the As-68 nucleus is caused essentially by specific shape coexistence effects. C1 JOINT INST HEAVY ION RES,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV TUBINGEN,INST THEORET PHYS,D-72076 TUBINGEN,GERMANY. VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NASHVILLE,TN 37235. ORISE,UNISOR,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. BANARAS HINDU UNIV,DEPT PHYS,VARANASI 221005,UTTAR PRADESH,INDIA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. IDAHO NUCL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID. RP Petrovici, A (reprint author), INST PHYS & NUCL ENGN,R-76900 BUCHAREST,ROMANIA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2134 EP 2141 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.53.2134 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA UK915 UT WOS:A1996UK91500011 ER PT J AU Sun, Y Wu, CL Feng, DH Egido, JL Guidry, M AF Sun, Y Wu, CL Feng, DH Egido, JL Guidry, M TI Identical bands at normal deformation: Necessity of going beyond the mean-field approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; MOMENTUM PROJECTION METHOD; HIGH-SPIN STATES AB The validity of BCS theory has been questioned because the appearance of normally deformed identical bands in odd and even nuclei seems to contradict the conventional understanding of the blocking effect. This problem is examined with the projected shell model (PSM), which projects good angular momentum states and includes many-body correlations in both deformation and pairing channels. Satisfactory reproduction of identical band data by the PSM suggests that it may be necessary to go beyond the mean field to obtain a quantitative account of identical bands. C1 UNIV AUTONOMA MADRID,DEPT FIS TEOR,E-28049 MADRID,SPAIN. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,JOINT INST HEAVY ION RES,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. CHUNG YUAN CHRISTIAN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CHUNGLI 32023,TAIWAN. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Sun, Y (reprint author), DREXEL UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ATMOSPHER SCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. RI Sun, Yang/P-2417-2015; Egido, J. Luis/F-4921-2017 OI Egido, J. Luis/0000-0002-8292-6127 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2227 EP 2230 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.53.2227 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA UK915 UT WOS:A1996UK91500023 ER PT J AU Arrington, J Anthony, P Arnold, RG Beise, EJ Belz, JE Bosted, PE Bulten, HJ Chapman, MS Coulter, KP Dietrich, F Ent, R Epstein, M Filippone, BW Gao, H Gearhart, RA Geesaman, DF Hansen, JO Holt, RJ Jackson, HE Jones, CE Keppel, CE Kinney, ER Kuhn, S Lee, K Lorenzon, W Lung, A Makins, NCR Margaziotis, DJ McKeown, RD Milner, RG Mueller, B Napolitano, J Nelson, J ONeill, TG Papavassiliou, V Petratos, GG Potterveld, DH Rock, SE Spengos, M Szalata, ZM Tao, LH vanBibber, K vandenBrand, JFJ White, JL Winter, D Zeidman, B AF Arrington, J Anthony, P Arnold, RG Beise, EJ Belz, JE Bosted, PE Bulten, HJ Chapman, MS Coulter, KP Dietrich, F Ent, R Epstein, M Filippone, BW Gao, H Gearhart, RA Geesaman, DF Hansen, JO Holt, RJ Jackson, HE Jones, CE Keppel, CE Kinney, ER Kuhn, S Lee, K Lorenzon, W Lung, A Makins, NCR Margaziotis, DJ McKeown, RD Milner, RG Mueller, B Napolitano, J Nelson, J ONeill, TG Papavassiliou, V Petratos, GG Potterveld, DH Rock, SE Spengos, M Szalata, ZM Tao, LH vanBibber, K vandenBrand, JFJ White, JL Winter, D Zeidman, B TI Inclusive electron scattering from nuclei at x similar or equal to 1 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; DUALITY; ENERGIES AB The inclusive A(e,e') cross section for x similar or equal to 1 was measured on H-2, C, Fe, and Au for momentum transfers Q(2) from 1 to 6.8 (GeV/c)(2). The scaling behavior of the data was examined in the region of transition from y scaling to x scaling. Throughout this transitional region, the data exhibit xi scaling, reminiscent of the Bloom-Gilman duality seen in free nucleon scattering. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. AMERICAN UNIV, WASHINGTON, DC 20016 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. CALIF STATE UNIV LOS ANGELES, LOS ANGELES, CA 90032 USA. STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR, STANFORD, CA 94309 USA. UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST, TROY, NY 12180 USA. RP CALTECH, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. RI Gao, Haiyan/G-2589-2011; Arrington, John/D-1116-2012; Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; Chapman, Michael/C-1929-2014 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328; Chapman, Michael/0000-0003-4424-0156 NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2248 EP 2251 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.53.2248 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA UK915 UT WOS:A1996UK91500026 ER PT J AU Ressell, MT Mathews, GJ Aufderheide, MB Bloom, SD Resler, DA AF Ressell, MT Mathews, GJ Aufderheide, MB Bloom, SD Resler, DA TI Strange neutral currents in nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SHELL-MODEL CALCULATIONS; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; DARK MATTER; SCATTERING; COLLAPSE; ISOTOPES; STRENGTH; PROTON; RATES AB We examine the effects on the nuclear neutral current Gamow-Teller (GT) strength of a finite contribution from a polarized strange quark sea. We perform nuclear shell model calculations of the neutral current GT strength for a number of nuclei likely to be present during stellar core collapse. We compare the GT strength when a finite strange quark contribution is included to the strength without such a contribution. As an example, the process of neutral current nuclear deexcitation via pair production is examined for the two cases. C1 UNIV NOTRE DAME,DEPT PHYS,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556. UNIV PENN,DEPT PHYS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Ressell, MT (reprint author), CALTECH,WK KELLOGG RADIAT LAB,106-38,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2505 EP 2512 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.53.2505 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA UK915 UT WOS:A1996UK91500054 ER PT J AU Toth, KS Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Conticchio, LF Walters, WB Davids, CN Henderson, DJ Herman, R Penttila, H Richards, JD Wuosmaa, AH Zimmerman, BE AF Toth, KS Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Conticchio, LF Walters, WB Davids, CN Henderson, DJ Herman, R Penttila, H Richards, JD Wuosmaa, AH Zimmerman, BE TI alpha-Decay properties of Pb-181 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article AB The isotope Pb-181 was produced in Mo-92 bombardments of Zr-90 and, together with other reaction products, was passed through a recoil mass separator and implanted in a double-sided silicon strip detector for alpha-particle assay. The half-life and energy of the main Pb-181 alpha transition were determined to be 45 (20) ms and 7065 (20) keV, respectively. This Pb-181 E(alpha) agrees with one previously measured value [7044 (15) keV], but not with the one [7211 (10) keV] used as input to the 1993 Atomic Mass Evaluation. The 6180-keV alpha transition assigned to Tl-181 by Bolshakov et al. was observed, but the 6566-keV alpha particles ascribed to a 2.7-ms level in Tl-181 by Schneider were not. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Toth, KS (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Penttila, Heikki/A-4420-2013 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2513 EP 2515 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.53.2513 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA UK915 UT WOS:A1996UK91500055 ER PT J AU Fohl, K Barnett, BM Bilger, R Clement, H Krell, S Wagner, GJ Jaki, J Joram, C Kluge, W Metzler, M Wieser, R Boudrie, RL Morris, CL Abela, R Foroughi, F Renker, D AF Fohl, K Barnett, BM Bilger, R Clement, H Krell, S Wagner, GJ Jaki, J Joram, C Kluge, W Metzler, M Wieser, R Boudrie, RL Morris, CL Abela, R Foroughi, F Renker, D TI Low-energy pionic double charge exchange on the beta beta-instable nuclei Te-128,Te-130 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DECAY; SUPPRESSION; SCATTERING; TE-128 AB Data of the (pi(+), pi(-)) reaction on Te-128 and Te-130 at T-pi = 48 MeV are presented, which constitute also the first observation of pionic double charge exchange (DCX) on heavy nuclei at energies below the (3,3) resonance. For the ground state transitions in these isotopes we find very small cross sections of about 15 nb/sr only at 30 degrees and a ratio of sigma(Te-130)/sigma(Te-128) = 1.5(-0.8)(+1/8). The experimental results and their impact on the understanding standing of the beta beta decay of the Te isotopes are discussed within the framework of recent proton-neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation calculations. For the transitions to the double isobaric analog states in Xe-128 and Xe-130 we obtain cross sections in the range 1 mu b/sr which fit very well into a systematics, that is in accordance with a dominance of the short-range part of the DCX operator in analog transitions at low pion energies. C1 UNIV KARLSRUHE,INST EXPTL KERNPHYS,D-76021 KARLSRUHE,GERMANY. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. PAUL SCHERRER INST,CH-5232 VILLIGEN,SWITZERLAND. RP Fohl, K (reprint author), UNIV TUBINGEN,INST PHYS,MORGENSTELLE 14,D-72076 TUBINGEN,GERMANY. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP R2033 EP R2037 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA UK915 UT WOS:A1996UK91500001 ER PT J AU Gribushin, A Abramov, V Antipov, Y Baldin, B Crittenden, R Davis, C Dauwe, L Denisov, S Dyshkant, A Dzierba, A Glebov, V Goldberg, H Jesik, R Koreshev, V Krider, J Krinitsyn, A Li, R Margulies, S Marshall, T Martin, J Mendez, H Petrukhin, A Solomon, J Sirotenko, V Smith, P Sulanke, T Sulyaev, R Vaca, F Zieminski, A Blusk, S Bromberg, C Chang, P Choudhary, B Chung, WH deBarbaro, L Dlugosz, W Dunlea, J Engels, E Fanourakis, G Ginther, G Hartman, K Huston, J Kapoor, V Lirakis, C Mani, S Mansour, J Maul, A Miller, R Oh, BY Pothier, E Roser, R Shepard, P Skow, D Slattery, P Sorrell, L Toothacker, W Varelas, N Weerasundara, D Whitmore, J Yosef, C Zielinski, M AF Gribushin, A Abramov, V Antipov, Y Baldin, B Crittenden, R Davis, C Dauwe, L Denisov, S Dyshkant, A Dzierba, A Glebov, V Goldberg, H Jesik, R Koreshev, V Krider, J Krinitsyn, A Li, R Margulies, S Marshall, T Martin, J Mendez, H Petrukhin, A Solomon, J Sirotenko, V Smith, P Sulanke, T Sulyaev, R Vaca, F Zieminski, A Blusk, S Bromberg, C Chang, P Choudhary, B Chung, WH deBarbaro, L Dlugosz, W Dunlea, J Engels, E Fanourakis, G Ginther, G Hartman, K Huston, J Kapoor, V Lirakis, C Mani, S Mansour, J Maul, A Miller, R Oh, BY Pothier, E Roser, R Shepard, P Skow, D Slattery, P Sorrell, L Toothacker, W Varelas, N Weerasundara, D Whitmore, J Yosef, C Zielinski, M TI Production of J/psi and psi(2S) mesons in pi(-)Be collisions at 515 GeV/c SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID J-PSI-PRODUCTION; GLUON STRUCTURE-FUNCTION; 300-GEV/C PROTON; DEPENDENCE; ANTIPROTON; TARGETS; BEAMS; DECAY; PION AB We have studied the production of J/psi and psi(2S) charmonium mesons in 515 GeV/c pi(-)Be collisions in the Feynman-x range 0.1mu(+)mu(-))sigma (pi(-)Be-->J/psi+X)/A=[9.3+/-0.1(stat)+1.1(syst)] nb/nucleon for J/psi x(F)>0.1. Our results are compared with those from other experiments performed at lower beam energies. We also measure the differential psi(2S) cross section as a function of both x(F) and p(T)(2) and a psi(2S) inclusive cross section of B(psi(2S)-->J/psi pi(+)pi(-))sigma(pi(-)Be-->psi(2S)+X)/A=[7.4+/-1.5(stat)+/-1.2(syst)] nb/nucleon for psi(2S) x(F)>0.1. The fraction of the inclusive J/psi yield due to psi(2S) meson decays is 0.083+/-0.017(stat) +/-0.013(syst), and the observed ratio of psi(2S) decay rates is B(psi(2S)-->J/psi pi(+)pi(-) )/B(psi(2S)-->mu(+)mu(-)) =30.2+/-7.2(stat)+/-6.8(syst). We have searched for production of ''hidden'' charm resonances decaying into either J/psi pi(+/-),psi(2S)pi(+/-), or J/psi pi(+)pi(-) systems, and report an upper limit of 3.1 nb/nucleon for the product of branching ratio and cross section for the recently reported enhancement at a J/psi pi(+)pi(-) mass of 3.836 GeV/c(2). C1 FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL 60510 USA. INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, SERPUKHOV, RUSSIA. UNIV ILLINOIS, CHICAGO, IL 60607 USA. UNIV LOUISVILLE, LOUISVILLE, KY 40292 USA. UNIV MICHIGAN, FLINT, MI 48502 USA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. UNIV DELHI, DELHI 110007, INDIA. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. NORTHEASTERN UNIV, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. PENN STATE UNIV, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. UNIV PITTSBURGH, PITTSBURGH, PA 15260 USA. UNIV ROCHESTER, ROCHESTER, NY 14627 USA. RP INDIANA UNIV, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47405 USA. RI Gribushin, Andrei/J-4225-2012 NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 9 BP 4723 EP 4733 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.53.4723 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA UJ487 UT WOS:A1996UJ48700004 ER PT J AU Adams, DL Akchurin, N Belikov, NI Bravar, A Bystricky, J Corcoran, MD Cossairt, JD Cranshaw, J Derevschikov, AA Enyo, H Funahashi, H Goto, Y Grachov, OA Grosnick, DP Hill, DA Iijima, T Imai, K Itow, Y Iwatani, K Krueger, KW Kuroda, K Lehar, F deLesquen, A Lopiano, D Luehring, FC Maki, T Makino, S Masaike, A Matulenko, YA Meschanin, AP Michalowicz, A Miller, DH Miyake, K Nagamine, T NessiTedaldi, F Nessi, M Nguyen, C Nurushev, SB Ohashi, Y Onel, Y Patalakha, DI Pauletta, G Penzo, A Read, AL Roberts, JB vanRossum, L Rykov, VL Saito, N Salvato, G Schiavon, P Shima, T Skeens, J Solovyanov, VL Spinka, H Stanek, RW Takashima, R Takeutchi, F Tamura, N Tanaka, N Underwood, DG Vasiliev, AN White, JL Yamashita, S Yokosawa, A Yoshida, T Zanetti, A AF Adams, DL Akchurin, N Belikov, NI Bravar, A Bystricky, J Corcoran, MD Cossairt, JD Cranshaw, J Derevschikov, AA Enyo, H Funahashi, H Goto, Y Grachov, OA Grosnick, DP Hill, DA Iijima, T Imai, K Itow, Y Iwatani, K Krueger, KW Kuroda, K Lehar, F deLesquen, A Lopiano, D Luehring, FC Maki, T Makino, S Masaike, A Matulenko, YA Meschanin, AP Michalowicz, A Miller, DH Miyake, K Nagamine, T NessiTedaldi, F Nessi, M Nguyen, C Nurushev, SB Ohashi, Y Onel, Y Patalakha, DI Pauletta, G Penzo, A Read, AL Roberts, JB vanRossum, L Rykov, VL Saito, N Salvato, G Schiavon, P Shima, T Skeens, J Solovyanov, VL Spinka, H Stanek, RW Takashima, R Takeutchi, F Tamura, N Tanaka, N Underwood, DG Vasiliev, AN White, JL Yamashita, S Yokosawa, A Yoshida, T Zanetti, A TI Single-spin asymmetries and invariant cross sections of the high transverse-momentum inclusive pi(0) production in 200 GeV/c pp and (p)over-bar-p interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID COULOMB-NUCLEAR INTERFERENCE; POLARIZED-PROTON-BEAM; ANALYZING POWER; PI-0 PRODUCTION; HARD-SCATTERING; ETA-PRODUCTION; 40 GEV/C; COLLISIONS; ANTIPROTONS; DEPENDENCE AB The pi(0) inclusive and semi-inclusive, single-spin asymmetries have been measured using transversely polarized, 200-GeV/c proton and antiproton beams colliding with an unpolarized hydrogen target. The measured asymmetries are consistent with zero within the experimental uncertainties for the kinematic region -0.153 GeV/c were not correct. These data indicate that PQCD expectations seem confirmed and the higher-twist contribution to the single-spin asymmetry in pi(0) production at x(F)=0 is not large. Additional evidence for such a conclusion comes from the measurement of a semi-inclusive pi(0) asymmetry, where associated charged particles are detected opposite to the pi(0) azimuthal direction. This experiment also provides high-statistics data on the inclusive pi(0) cross sections for pp and <(p)over bar p> collisions at root s approximate to 19.4 GeV. C1 UNIV IOWA, DEPT PHYS, IOWA CITY, IA 52242 USA. INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, PROTVINO 142284, RUSSIA. CENS, F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE, FRANCE. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL 60510 USA. KYOTO UNIV, DEPT PHYS, KYOTO 606, JAPAN. ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. HIROSHIMA UNIV, HIGASHIHIROSHIMA 724, JAPAN. NE STATE UNIV, TAHLEQUAH, OK 74464 USA. PHYS PARTICULES LAB, F-74017 ANNECY LE VIEUX, FRANCE. NORTHWESTERN UNIV, DEPT PHYS, EVANSTON, IL 60201 USA. UNIV OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH, KITAKYUSHU, FUKUOKA 807, JAPAN. UNIV UDINE, I-33100 UDINE, ITALY. UNIV TRIESTE, DIPARTIMENTO FIS, I-34100 TRIESTE, ITALY. UNIV MESSINA, DIPARTIMENTO FIS, I-98100 MESSINA, ITALY. KYOTO UNIV, KYOTO 612, JAPAN. KYOTO SANGYO UNIV, KYOTO 612, JAPAN. OKAYAMA UNIV, OKAYAMA 700, JAPAN. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. OSAKA CITY UNIV, OSAKA 558, JAPAN. RP RICE UNIV, TW BONNER NUCL LAB, HOUSTON, TX 77251 USA. NR 28 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 9 BP 4747 EP 4755 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.53.4747 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA UJ487 UT WOS:A1996UJ48700006 ER PT J AU Gottschalk, EE Avilez, C Christian, DC Church, MD Forbush, M Gutierrez, G Hartouni, EP Holmes, S Huson, FR Knapp, BC Kreisler, MN Stern, BJ Uribe, J Wehmann, A Wiencke, LR White, JT AF Gottschalk, EE Avilez, C Christian, DC Church, MD Forbush, M Gutierrez, G Hartouni, EP Holmes, S Huson, FR Knapp, BC Kreisler, MN Stern, BJ Uribe, J Wehmann, A Wiencke, LR White, JT TI Hyperon production in 28 GeV/c proton-proton interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SPEED AB A study of hyperon production in fully reconstructed proton-proton interactions at 28 GeV/c (root s=7.3 GeV) is presented. Features of the data are presented with the aid of a phenomenological model, the LPM, that was developed to study Lambda production reactions. We note the similarities between Lambda reactions and other families of reactions, and show that this surprisingly simple model can be easily adapted to Xi(-) production reactions, The only significant difference between the Lambda and Xi(-) data is the observation that Lambda hyperons are produced as leading particles, whereas Xi(-) hyperons are not. Production cross sections for eight high-multiplicity hyperon reactions are presented. C1 CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,AMHERST,MA 01003. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. UNIV GUANAJUATO,INST FIS,GUANAJUATO,MEXICO. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT PHYS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP Gottschalk, EE (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,NEVIS LABS,IRVINGTON,NY 10533, USA. OI Hartouni, Edward/0000-0001-9869-4351 NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 9 BP 4756 EP 4774 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.53.4756 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA UJ487 UT WOS:A1996UJ48700007 ER PT J AU Geer, S Asakawa, T AF Geer, S Asakawa, T TI Analysis of multijet events produced at high energy hadron colliders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID = 1.8 TEV; ANTI-PROTON COLLIDER; CERN PPBAR COLLIDER; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; PBARP COLLISIONS; JET PRODUCTION; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; CROSS-SECTION; MASS-DISTRIBUTION; GLUON SCATTERING AB We define and discuss a set of (4N-4) parameters that can be used to analyze events in which N jets have been produced in high-energy hadron-hadron collisions. These multijet variables are the multijet mass and (4N-5) independent dimensionless parameters. To illustrate the use of the variables QCD predictions are presented for events with up to five jets produced at the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton collider. These QCD predictions are compared with the predictions of a model in which multijet events uniformly populate the N-body phase space. C1 UNIV TSUKUBA,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. RP Geer, S (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 51 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 9 BP 4793 EP 4805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.53.4793 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA UJ487 UT WOS:A1996UJ48700010 ER PT J AU Tang, WK Vanttinen, M AF Tang, WK Vanttinen, M TI Color-octet psi' production at low p perpendicular to SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID N INTERACTIONS; HEAVY MESONS; PARAMETRIZATIONS; QUARKONIUM; DECAYS AB We study contributions from color-octet quarkonium formation mechanisms to p(perpendicular to)-integrated psi' production cross sections in pion-nucleon reactions. The observed polarization of the psi' is not reproduced by calculations where leading-order, leading-twist production mechanisms are combined with the color-singlet and color-octet mechanisms of bound state formation. This shows that there are other important quarkonium production mechanisms at low p(perpendicular to). C1 UNIV HELSINKI,THEORET PHYS RES INST,HELSINKI,FINLAND. RP Tang, WK (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 25 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 9 BP 4851 EP 4856 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.53.4851 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA UJ487 UT WOS:A1996UJ48700015 ER PT J AU Mahlon, G Parke, S AF Mahlon, G Parke, S TI Angular correlations in top quark pair production and decay at hadron colliders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CP VIOLATION; CHARGED LEPTONS; POLARIZATION; SUPERCOLLIDERS; DISTRIBUTIONS; PREDICTIONS AB We show how to observe sizable angular correlations between the decay products of the top quark and those of the top antiquark in top quark pair production and decay at hadron colliders. These correlations result from the large asymmetry in the rate for producing like-spin venus unlike-spin top quark pairs provided the appropriate spin axes are used. The effects of new physics at production or decay on these correlations are briefly discussed. C1 FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. RP Mahlon, G (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT PHYS,500 E UNIV AVE,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 42 TC 185 Z9 185 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 9 BP 4886 EP 4896 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.53.4886 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA UJ487 UT WOS:A1996UJ48700019 ER PT J AU DeJongh, F Sphicas, P AF DeJongh, F Sphicas, P TI Extracting alpha from the CP asymmetry in B-0->pi(+)pi(-) decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID B-DECAYS; VIOLATION; MESONS; PHASE AB The extraction of the CKM angle alpha from the asymmetry in B-0 --> pi(+)pi(-) versus <(B)over bar (0)> --> pi(+)pi(-) suffers from a currently unknown penguin contribution. Experimentally, one can determine the magnitude and phase of the CP asymmetry from a time-dependent analysis of tagged events, and the average rate for B-0 and <(B)over bar (0)> decays to pi(+)pi(-) from untagged events. These measurements, together with the magnitudes and relative phase of the tree and penguin diagrams, can in principle completely determine alpha, free of discrete ambiguities. We perform an error analysis on a given assumptions on the values and uncertainties of both the measurements and theoretical inputs. C1 MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. RP FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, POB 500, BATAVIA, IL 60510 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 9 BP 4930 EP 4936 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.53.4930 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA UJ487 UT WOS:A1996UJ48700023 ER PT J AU Hewett, JL AF Hewett, JL TI tau polarization asymmetry in B->X(s)tau(+)tau(-) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DECAY B->SL+L; HADRON COLLIDERS; HIGGS SECTOR; B->S-GAMMA; RESONANCE; COUPLINGS; LEPTONS; MODEL; PROBE AB Rare B decays provide an opportunity to probe for new physics beyond the standard model, In this paper, we propose to measure the tau polarization in the inclusive decay B --> X(s) tau(+) tau(-) and discuss how it can be used, in conjunction with other observables, to completely determine the parameters of the flavor-changing low-energy effective Hamiltonian. Both the standard model and several new physics scenarios are examined. This process has a large enough branching fraction, similar to few x 10(-7), such that sufficient statistics will eventually be provided by the B factories currently under construction. RP STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR, STANFORD, CA 94309 USA. NR 55 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 9 BP 4964 EP 4969 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.53.4964 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA UJ487 UT WOS:A1996UJ48700028 ER PT J AU Beneke, M Buchalla, G AF Beneke, M Buchalla, G TI B-c meson lifetime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID INCLUSIVE WEAK DECAYS; DIMENSIONAL REGULARIZATION; DISCARDING 1/N(C); QCD CORRECTIONS; RULE AB We investigate the total inclusive decay rate of the (ground state) B-c meson within the framework of an operator product expansion in inverse powers of the heavy quark masses and subsequent matching onto nonrelativistic QCD. The expansion is organized as a series in the strong coupling and in powers of the heavy quark velocities in the B-c, reflecting the nonrelativistic nature of a heavy-heavy bound state, In this aspect the character of the expansion differs from the more familiar case of heavy-light mesons. The framework incorporates systematically corrections to the leading b- and c-quark decays due to binding effects, as well as contributions from weak annihilation and Pauli interference. Based on this approach we find for the B-c meson lifetime tau(Bc) = (0.4-0.7) ps, the dominant mechanism being the decay of the charm constituent. C1 FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,DEPT THEORET PHYS,BATAVIA,IL 60510. RP Beneke, M (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,POB 4349,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 36 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 9 BP 4991 EP 5000 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.53.4991 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA UJ487 UT WOS:A1996UJ48700031 ER PT J AU Huang, Z Wang, XN AF Huang, Z Wang, XN TI Partial U(1)(A) restoration and eta enhancement in high-energy heavy-ion collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID STRONG CP-VIOLATION; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; PHENOMENOLOGY; INSTANTONS; SPHALERONS; DYNAMICS; SYMMETRY; QCD AB We calculate the thermally averaged rates for eta-pi conversion and eta scattering using the Di Vecchia-Veneziano and 't Hooft models, which incorporate explicitly the U(1)(A) anomaly. Assuming an exponential suppression of the U(1)(A) anomaly, we also take into account the partial restoration of U(1)(A) symmetry at high temperatures. We find that the chemical equilibrium between eta and pi breaks up considerably earlier than the thermal equilibrium. Two distinct scenarios for the eta freeze-out are discussed and the corresponding chemical potentials are calculated. We predict an enhancement of the thermal eta production as a possible signal of the partial U(1)(A) restoration in central high-energy heavy-ion collisions. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,THEORET PHYS GRP,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV NUCL SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 32 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 9 BP 5034 EP 5041 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.53.5034 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA UJ487 UT WOS:A1996UJ48700035 ER PT J AU Buchalla, G Burdman, G Hill, CT Kominis, D AF Buchalla, G Burdman, G Hill, CT Kominis, D TI GIM violation and new dynamics of the third generation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE-FIELD-THEORY; STANDARD MODEL; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; QUARK-ANTIQUARK; TEV REGION; TECHNICOLOR; DECAY; MASS; CONDENSATION; HIERARCHIES AB In strong dynamical schemes for electroweak symmetry breaking the third generation must be treated in a. special manner, owing to the heavy top quark. This potentially leads to new flavor physics involving the members of the third generation in concert with the adjoining generations, with potential novel effects in b-flavored and charm physics. We give a, general discussion and formulation of this kind of physics, abstracted largely from top-color models which we elaborate in detail. We identify sensitive channels for such new physics accessible to current and future experiments. C1 TECH UNIV MUNICH,INST THEORET PHYS,D-85748 GARCHING,GERMANY. RP Buchalla, G (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. RI Burdman, Gustavo/D-3285-2012 NR 55 TC 192 Z9 194 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 9 BP 5185 EP 5200 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.53.5185 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA UJ487 UT WOS:A1996UJ48700051 ER PT J AU Swartz, ML AF Swartz, ML TI Reevaluation of the hadronic contribution to alpha(M(Z)(2)) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TOTAL CROSS-SECTION; PION FORM-FACTOR; ELECTRON-POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; INCLUSIVE MUON PRODUCTION; CM ENERGY-RANGE; SQUARE-ROOT-S; E+E ANNIHILATION; VACUUM POLARIZATION; QUANTUM NUMBERS; DECAY WIDTHS AB We reevaluate the hadronic part of the electromagnetic vacuum expectation value using the standard dispersion integral approach that utilizes the hadronic cross section measured in e(+)e(-) experiments as input. Previous analyses are based upon point-by-point trapezoidal integration which does not treat experimental errors in an optimal way. We use a technique that weights the experimental inputs by their stated uncertainties, includes correlations, and incorporates some refinements, We find the five-flavor hadronic contribution to the fractional change in the electromagnetic coupling constant at q(2)=M(Z)(2), Delta alpha(M(Z)(2)), to be 0.027 52+/-0.000 46, which leads to a value of the electromagnetic coupling constant, alpha(-1)(M(Z)(2)) = 128.96+/-0.06. RP Swartz, ML (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 76 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 9 BP 5268 EP 5282 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.53.5268 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA UJ487 UT WOS:A1996UJ48700058 ER PT J AU Jensen, DM Madsen, J AF Jensen, DM Madsen, J TI Strangelets with finite entropy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUE PLASMA; MATTER; DROPLETS; MASS AB Strangelets with nonzero entropy are studied within the MIT bag model. Explicit account is taken of the constraints that strangelets must be color neutral and have a fixed total momentum. In general, masses increase with increasing entropy per baryon, and the constraints work so as to increase masses further. This has an important destabilizing effect on strangelets produced in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. C1 AARHUS UNIV,INST PHYS & ASTRON,DK-8000 AARHUS C,DENMARK. RP Jensen, DM (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 9 BP R4719 EP R4722 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA UJ487 UT WOS:A1996UJ48700003 ER PT J AU Nagel, K AF Nagel, K TI Particle hopping models and traffic flow theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Review ID COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; SELF-ORGANIZATION; EXCLUSION PROCESS; NOISE-REDUCTION; EDEN MODELS; TRANSITION; FLUCTUATIONS; AUTOMATA; EQUATION AB This paper shows how particle hopping models fit into the context of traffic flow theory, that is, it shows connections between fluid-dynamical traffic flow models, which derive from the Navier-Stokes equations, and particle hopping models. In some cases, these connections are exact and have long been established, but have never been viewed in the context of traffic theory. In other cases, critical behavior of traffic jam clusters can be compared to instabilities in the partial 'differential equations. Finally, it is shown how all this leads to a consistent picture of traffic jam dynamics. In consequence, this paper starts building a foundation of a comprehensive dynamic traffic theory, where strengths and weaknesses of different models (fluid-dynamical, car-following, particle hopping) can be compared, and thus allowing to systematically chose the appropriate model for a given question. C1 SANTA FE INST, SANTA FE, NM 87501 USA. RP LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, MAIL STOP M997, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 131 TC 234 Z9 240 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 4655 EP 4672 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.53.4655 PN A PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA UM617 UT WOS:A1996UM61700049 ER PT J AU Krommes, JA AF Krommes, JA TI Non-Gaussian statistics, classical field theory, and realizable Langevin models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE; DYNAMICS AB The direct-interaction approximation (DIA) to the fourth-order statistic Z similar to((lambda psi(2))(2)), where lambda is a specified operator and psi is a random field, is discussed from several points of view distinct from that of Chen et al. [Phys. Fluids A 1, 1844 (1989)]. It is shown that the formula for Z(DIA) already appeared in the seminal work of Martin, Siggia, and Rose [Phys. Rev. A 8, 423 (1973)] on the functional approach to classical statistical dynamics. It does not follow from the original generalized Langevin equation (GLE) of Leith [J. Atmos. Sci. 28, 145 (1971)] and Kraichnan [J. Fluid Mech. 41, 189 (1970)] (frequently described as an amplitude representation for the DIA), in which the random forcing is realized by a particular superposition of products of random variables. The relationship of that GLE to renormalized field theories with non-Gaussian corrections (''spurious vertices'') is described. It is shown how to derive an improved representation, which realizes cumulants through O(psi(4)), by adding to the GLE a particular non-Gaussian correction. A Markovian approximation Z(DIA)(M) to Z(DIA) is derived. Both Z(DIA) and Z(DIA)(M) incorrectly predict a Gaussian kurtosis for the steady state of a solvable three-mode example. [S1063-651X(96)06705-0] RP Krommes, JA (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PLASMA PHYS LAB,POB 451,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 4865 EP 4882 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.53.4865 PN A PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA UM617 UT WOS:A1996UM61700070 ER PT J AU Delamater, ND Magelssen, GR Hauer, AA AF Delamater, ND Magelssen, GR Hauer, AA TI Reemission technique for symmetry measurements in Hohlraum targets containing a centered high-Z ball SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RADIATION AB A technique for measuring time-resolved drive symmetry in a laser-irradiated Hohlraum is presented. Design considerations and experimental method and results are emphasized. The experimental method involves x-ray imaging a high-Z ball placed in the center of a laser irradiated Hohlraum. We will show that the reemitted x-ray image can be measured as a function of time and that the images are directly related to the radiation flux asymmetry within the Hohlraum. Results from a series of experiments performed on the Nova laser located at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory will be presented as well as a method for comparing with theoretical calculations. Detailed comparisons between theoretical calculations and experimental results will be given. RP Delamater, ND (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 5240 EP 5248 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.53.5240 PN B PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA UM619 UT WOS:A1996UM61900040 ER PT J AU Dubin, DHE Schiffer, JP AF Dubin, DHE Schiffer, JP TI Normal modes of cold confined one-component plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID STRONGLY COUPLED PLASMAS; NONNEUTRAL ION PLASMA; DENSE IONIZED MATTER; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; DIELECTRIC TENSOR; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ELECTRON LIQUIDS; COULOMB LIQUIDS; STORAGE RING; TRAP AB It is possible to trap a collection of ions and cool them to cryogenic temperatures where strong correlation effects, such as transitions to liquid and crystalline states, are observed. This paper examines the effect of correlations on the linear normal modes of oscillation in these strongly coupled plasmas. Recently a theory has been developed to treat such modes in the cold-fluid limit, where correlations are neglected. Here the fluid theory is compared to molecular-dynamics simulations of the modes. Simulated mode frequencies are observed to shift slightly compared to the cold-fluid predictions, and the modes are also observed to damp in time. Unmagnetized simulations also reveal a set of torsional oscillations which have no counterpart in the fluid theory. These correlation effects are also compared to a recently developed model that treats the trapped plasma as a viscoelastic spheroid. The model allows us to extract from the simulations the values of high-frequency bulk and shear moduli of a strongly correlated plasma. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RP Dubin, DHE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PHYS,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. NR 49 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 5249 EP 5267 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.53.5249 PN B PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA UM619 UT WOS:A1996UM61900041 ER PT J AU Shepard, TD Back, CA Kalantar, DH Kauffman, RL Keane, CJ Klem, DE Lasinski, BF MacGowan, BJ Powers, LV Suter, LJ Turner, RE Failor, BH Hsing, WW AF Shepard, TD Back, CA Kalantar, DH Kauffman, RL Keane, CJ Klem, DE Lasinski, BF MacGowan, BJ Powers, LV Suter, LJ Turner, RE Failor, BH Hsing, WW TI Isoelectronic x-ray spectroscopy to determine electron temperatures in long-scale-length inertial-confinement-fusion plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-FIELD AB We have successfully employed isoelectronic line ratios to measure the electron temperature in gas-filled Hohlraum targets and gas bags shot with the Nova laser. These targets produce millimeter-scale-length plasmas with electron density N-e similar to 10(21) cm(-3) and electron temperature T-e similar to 3 keV. The Hohlraum targets can also produce radiation temperature exceeding 200 eV. Isoelectronic line ratios are well suited to this measurement because they are relatively insensitive to radiation field effects in Hohlraum targets; opacity, transients, and variations in electron density compared to conventional line ratios. We survey the properties of isoelectronic line ratios formed from ratios of n-to-1 resonance transitions in heliumlike Cr to the same transitions in Ti and compare with conventional ratios of n-to-1 transitions in hydrogenlike Ti to the corresponding transitions in heliumlike Ti, concentrating on plasma parameter ranges of interest to the Nova experiments. We also consider the same ratios using K and Cl. Atomic kinetics are treated using collisional-radiative models and experimental data are analyzed with the aid of radiation-hydrodynamics calculations. When we apply isoelectronic techniques to the Nova experimental data, we find that the targets have electron temperatures of at least 3 keV. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. PHYS INT CO, SAN LEANDRO, CA 94577 USA. RP LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, POB 808, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 5291 EP 5301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.53.5291 PN B PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA UM619 UT WOS:A1996UM61900043 ER PT J AU Klisnick, A ChenaisPopovics, C Back, CA Zeitoun, P Renaudin, P Rancu, O Gauthier, JC Jaegle, P AF Klisnick, A ChenaisPopovics, C Back, CA Zeitoun, P Renaudin, P Rancu, O Gauthier, JC Jaegle, P TI Space- and time-resolved ion distribution in a recombining aluminum x-ray laser plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION AB These experiments map out the ionization balance present in a recombination x-ray laser plasma as a function of time and space. The plasma is created by irradiating an Al strip target with a 600-ps Nd:glass laser, and is probed by an x-ray backlight at several times as it cools and recombines. The primary diagnostic is an x-ray spectrometer which spatially resolves the He-like to Be-like K alpha absorption spectra as a function of distance from the target surface. The experimental results indicate that the plasma ions important to the lasing are observed much farther from the target than expected from simulations. These results are consistent with x-ray gain measurements, and demonstrate the effect of non-local thermal equilibrium cooling on the ionization balance. C1 ECOLE POLYTECH,CNRS UMR 100,LAB UTILISAT LASERS INTENSES,F-91128 PALAISEAU,FRANCE. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP Klisnick, A (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 11,LAB SPECTROSCOPIE ATOM & ION,CNRS URA 775,BATIMENT 350,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. RI Klisnick, Annie/C-5532-2008; Klisnick, Annie/F-1152-2011 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 5315 EP 5322 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.53.5315 PN B PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA UM619 UT WOS:A1996UM61900045 ER PT J AU Qian, Q Davidson, RC AF Qian, Q Davidson, RC TI Nonlinear dynamics of intense ion beam envelopes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB The nonlinear envelope equations for an intense Kapchinskilj-Vladimirskij (KV) beam equilibrium are studied self-consistently for the case of a periodic quadrupole focusing lattice. First, the linearized solutions to the two nonlinearly coupled envelope equations for a matched KV beam are obtained in the smooth-beam approximation. A comparison between the solutions of the linearized equations and the (numerically solved) nonlinear equations is presented. Second, the nonlinear evolution of the envelopes for a mismatched beam is studied numerically. It is found that the oscillation of the beam envelope exhibits chaotic behavior in certain regions of the parameter space (KS/epsilon, sigma(nu)). Here, K is the self-field perveance, epsilon is the unnormalized beam emittance, S is the axial periodicity length, and J(v) is the vacuum phase advance. Detailed numerical results are presented and the stable regime in the parameter space (KS/epsilon, sigma(nu)) is determined numerically. It is found that the threshold condition for the onset of unstable oscillations of the envelope functions is independent of the filling factor eta of the quadrupole focusing lattice. RP Qian, Q (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PLASMA PHYS LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 5349 EP 5357 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.53.5349 PN B PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA UM619 UT WOS:A1996UM61900048 ER PT J AU Konotop, VV Tsironis, GP AF Konotop, VV Tsironis, GP TI Dynamics of coupled gap solitons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR PERIODIC STRUCTURES; ENVELOPE-FUNCTION APPROACH; 2 DIMENSIONS; MEDIA; ELECTRODYNAMICS; TRANSMISSION; DEFECTS AB We show analytically that solitonic states of two modes associated with different gap edges are formed when incident waves are sent in layered dielectric systems with a small band gap. The resulting coupled gap solitons are described through a nonlinear Schrodinger equation and propagate with a speed equal to half the speed of light. We discuss the conditions for the existence of coupled gap solitons. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR NONLINEAR STUDIES,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV MADEIRA,CTR CINCIAS MATEMAT,P-9000 FUNCHAL,PORTUGAL. UNIV CRETE,DEPT PHYS,GR-71110 IRAKLION,CRETE,GREECE. RES CTR CRETE,GR-71110 IRAKLION,CRETE,GREECE. RP Konotop, VV (reprint author), UNIV MADEIRA,DEPT FIS,PRACA MUNICIPIO,P-9000 FUNCHAL,PORTUGAL. RI Konotop, Vladimir/C-6664-2012; Konotop, Vladimir/E-6964-2011 OI Konotop, Vladimir/0000-0002-1398-3910 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 5393 EP 5398 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.53.5393 PN B PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA UM619 UT WOS:A1996UM61900054 ER PT J AU Plotnick, RE Gardner, RH Hargrove, WW Prestegaard, K Perlmutter, M AF Plotnick, RE Gardner, RH Hargrove, WW Prestegaard, K Perlmutter, M TI Lacunarity analysis: A general technique for the analysis of spatial patterns SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB Lacunarity analysis is a multiscaled method for describing patterns of spatial dispersion. It can be used with both binary and quantitative data in one, two, and three dimensions. Although originally developed for fractal objects, the method is more general and can be readily used to describe nonfractal and multifractal patterns. Lacunarity analysis is broadly applicable to many data sets used in the natural sciences; we illustrate its application to both geological and ecological data. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,APPALACHIAN ENVIRONM LAB,FROSTBURG,MD 21532. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT GEOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY SYST,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Plotnick, RE (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT GEOL SCI,845 W TAYLOR ST,CHICAGO,IL 60607, USA. NR 14 TC 252 Z9 260 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 5461 EP 5468 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.53.5461 PN B PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA UM619 UT WOS:A1996UM61900062 ER PT J AU Habib, S Kandrup, HE Mahon, ME AF Habib, S Kandrup, HE Mahon, ME TI Chaos and noise in a truncated Toda potential SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB Results are reported from a numerical investigation of orbits in a truncated Toda potential that is perturbed by weak friction and noise. Aside from the perturbations displaying a simple scaling in the amplitude of the friction and noise, it is found that even very weak friction and noise can induce an extrinsic diffusion through cantori on a time scale that is much shorter than that associated with intrinsic diffusion in the unperturbed system. The results have applications in galactic dynamics and in the formation of a beam halo in charged particle beams. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ASTRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,INST FUNDAMENTAL THEORY,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PHYS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP Habib, S (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,T-6,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 5473 EP 5476 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.53.5473 PN B PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA UM619 UT WOS:A1996UM61900064 ER PT J AU Garde, S Hummer, G Garcia, AE Pratt, LR Paulaitis, ME AF Garde, S Hummer, G Garcia, AE Pratt, LR Paulaitis, ME TI Hydrophobic hydration: Inhomogeneous water structure near nonpolar molecular solutes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID LIQUIDS AB A potential of mean force (PMF) expansion is used to predict the water structure near nonpolar solutes having different shapes and molecular conformations. The decomposition of n-particle PMFs into pair and triplet contributions describes well the hydration of those solutes consisting of nonbonded clusters, but not covalently bonded molecules. Alternative proximity approximations are devised based on the local dependence of the water structure on solute shape and excluded volume. Accurate predictions obtained using these proximity approximations demonstrate that water organization is only locally sensitive to structural details of nonpolar solutes. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR NONLINEAR STUDIES,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CTR MOL & ENGN THERMODYNAM,NEWARK,DE 19716. RI Garde, Shekhar/C-3060-2008; Pratt, Lawrence/H-7955-2012; Hummer, Gerhard/A-2546-2013 OI Pratt, Lawrence/0000-0003-2351-7451; Hummer, Gerhard/0000-0001-7768-746X NR 21 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP R4310 EP R4313 PN A PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA UM617 UT WOS:A1996UM61700015 ER PT J AU Lin, MY Hanley, HJM Sinha, SK Straty, GC Peiffer, DG Kim, MW AF Lin, MY Hanley, HJM Sinha, SK Straty, GC Peiffer, DG Kim, MW TI Shear-induced behavior in a solution of cylindrical micelles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; FLUIDS AB The structure of cylindrical aqueous micellar solutions was studied by small angle neutron scattering and light scattering in equilibrium and under shear. In equilibrium, the micelles behave as randomly oriented, rigid cylinders with an exponential distribution of lengths. Under an applied shear, the micelles generally align as expected, but at a particular concentration, close to the overlap concentration, applied shear has little effect until a threshold shear rate is reached and then only after a time delay. The results are consistent with some aspects of recent kinetic theories for the association and breaking of micelle systems under shear flow. C1 EXXON RES & ENGN CO,ANNANDALE,NJ 08801. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RI Kim, Mahn Won/C-1541-2011 NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP R4302 EP R4305 PN A PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA UM617 UT WOS:A1996UM61700013 ER PT J AU Mikaelian, KO AF Mikaelian, KO TI Numerical simulations of Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities in finite-thickness fluid layers SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; CONSERVATIVE DIFFERENCE SCHEME; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; THIN-LAYER AB Direct numerical simulations of Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities in shocked fluid layers are reported and compared with analytic theory. To investigate new phenomena such as freeze-out, interface coupling, and feedthrough, several new configurations are simulated on a two-dimensional hydrocode. The basic system is an A/B/A combination, where A is air and B is a finite-thickness layer of freon, SF6, or helium. The middle layer B has perturbations either on its upstream or downstream side, or on both sides, in which case the perturbations may be in phase (sinuous) or out of phase (varicose). The evolution of such perturbations under a Mach 1.5 shock is calculated, including the effect of a reshock. Recently reported gas curtain experiments [J. M. Budzinski et al., Phys. Fluids 6, 3510 (1994)] are also simulated and the code results are found to agree very well with the experiments. A new gas curtain configuration is also considered, involving an initially sinuous SF6 or helium layer and a new pattern, opposite mushrooms, is predicted to emerge. Upon reshock a relatively simple sinuous gas curtain is found to evolve into a highly complex pattern of nested mushrooms. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. RP LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAY PY 1996 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1269 EP 1292 DI 10.1063/1.868898 PG 24 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA UH305 UT WOS:A1996UH30500014 ER PT J AU Mattor, N AF Mattor, N TI Scaling of magnetic turbulence with Lundquist number in relaxed state devices SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MADISON SYMMETRICAL TORUS; TEARING MODE TURBULENCE; REVERSED FIELD PINCH; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; RELAXATION; TOKAMAK; GROWTH AB The scaling of magnetic turbulence with Lundquist number, (B) over tilde(S), as generated by the dynamo in reversed-field pinches and spheromaks, is addressed. A theoretical framework is described, showing how the fluctuations arise from the dynamo and what dynamics determine the (B) over tilde(S) scaling. There are two limits of the dynamo. For a discrete (sawtoothing) dynamo, the time average of the magnetic fluctuations is given by (B) over tilde proportional to S-0, but it is argued that the averaged flux surface destroying magnetic field fluctuations scale as (B) over tilde proportional to S--1/2. For a continuous dynamo, with a steady-state saturated turbulent spectrum, the magnetic field perturbations scale as (B) over tilde proportional to S--1/4. Previous theories of S scaling are reviewed. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. RP Mattor, N (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,L-630,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1578 EP 1584 DI 10.1063/1.872016 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK936 UT WOS:A1996UK93600010 ER PT J AU Lotov, KV AF Lotov, KV TI Magnetohydrodynamic stability of an axisymmetric mirror device with ''massive'' end-sections SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA NEUTRON SOURCES AB Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability of an axisymmetric mirror device with long end-sections filled with a collisional plasma is studied. It is shown that unstable perturbations in such a system, if they exist, are localized at a distance similar to nu(A)/Gamma near the central cell (nu(A) is the Alfven velocity and Gamma is the growth rate). Perturbations of the magnetic field do not penetrate into regions where plasma beta is greater than unity. Therefore, regions of weak magnetic field has a stabilizing effect on MHD-perturbations. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. RP LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RI Lotov, Konstantin/H-6217-2016 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1640 EP 1646 DI 10.1063/1.872024 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK936 UT WOS:A1996UK93600018 ER PT J AU Nagayama, Y Yamada, M Park, W Fredrickson, ED Janos, AC McGuire, KM Taylor, G AF Nagayama, Y Yamada, M Park, W Fredrickson, ED Janos, AC McGuire, KM Taylor, G TI Tomography of full sawtooth crashes on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; BALLOONING MODES; OSCILLATIONS; PLASMAS; TFTR AB Full sawtooth crashes in high temperature plasmas have been investigated on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 33, 1509 (1991)]. A strong asymmetry in the direction of major radius, a feature of the ballooning mode, and a remaining m=1 region after the crash have been observed with electron cyclotron emission image reconstructions. The TFTR data is not consistent with two-dimensional (2-D) models; it rather suggests a three-dimensional (3-D) localized reconnection arising on the bad curvature side. This process explains the phenomenon of fast heat transfer which keeps the condition q(0)< 1. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PLASMA PHYS LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. RP Nagayama, Y (reprint author), NATL INST FUS SCI,NAGOYA,AICHI 46401,JAPAN. RI Yamada, Masaaki/D-7824-2015 OI Yamada, Masaaki/0000-0003-4996-1649 NR 27 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1647 EP 1655 DI 10.1063/1.872025 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK936 UT WOS:A1996UK93600019 ER PT J AU Rewoldt, G Tang, WM Kaye, S Menard, J AF Rewoldt, G Tang, WM Kaye, S Menard, J TI Microinstability properties of small-aspect-ratio tokamaks SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MODES AB Advanced tokamak configurations can have improved stability properties for high-n microinstabilities such as the toroidal drift mode (trapped-electron-eta(i) mode) and the kinetically-calculated magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) ballooning mode. A promising means to achieve this end involves employing tokamak configurations with very small aspect ratio, as in the proposed National Spherical Tokamak Experiment (NSTX) [M. Ono ct at, Bull. Am; Phys. Sec. 40, 1655 (1995)] or the existing Small Tight Aspect Ratio Tokamak (START) experiment [R. J. Colchin ct al., Phys. Fluids B 5, 2481 (1993)]. Kinetic instabilities are analyzed here using a comprehensive toroidal eigenvalue code with realistic equilibria for cases based on NSTX and START along with artificial cases to study parametric sensitivities. It is found that, as the aspect ratio decreases, the amount of ''bad'' magnetic curvature decreases, causing stabilization of both electrostatic and electromagnetic high-n instabilities at sufficiently small aspect ratio. (C) 1996 American lnstitute of Physics. RP Rewoldt, G (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PLASMA PHYS LAB,POB 451,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 11 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1667 EP 1672 DI 10.1063/1.871686 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK936 UT WOS:A1996UK93600022 ER PT J AU Phillips, MW Zarnstorff, MC Manickam, J Levinton, FM Hughes, MH AF Phillips, MW Zarnstorff, MC Manickam, J Levinton, FM Hughes, MH TI Magnetohydrodynamic stability study of reverse shear equilibria in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID DIII-D TOKAMAK; BETA; PLASMAS AB A study is presented of the low-n (n=1,2,3) magnetohydrodynamic stability of equilibria with reverse shear safety factor profiles. The low-n stability boundaries are found to be characterized by resonance structures due to internal so-called ''infernal'' mode types of instabilities. The parametric dependence of shear reversal width and depth, current, and pressure gradient on the beta limit are determined by using profile models that allow each parameter to be varied independently. Reverse magnetic shear is found to have a stabilizing influence for modes with toroidal mode numbers n greater than or equal to 2 leading to the possibility of improved beta limits in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Plasma Phys. Controlled Nucl. Fusion Res. 26, 11 (1984)]. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PLASMA PHYS LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. FUS PHYS & TECHNOL INC,TORRANCE,CA 90503. RP Phillips, MW (reprint author), NORTHROP GRUMMAN,4 INDEPENDENCE WAY,PRINCETON,NJ 08540, USA. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1673 EP 1681 DI 10.1063/1.871687 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK936 UT WOS:A1996UK93600023 ER PT J AU Maximov, AV Rozmus, W Tikhonchuk, VT DuBois, DF Rose, HA Rubenchik, AM AF Maximov, AV Rozmus, W Tikhonchuk, VT DuBois, DF Rose, HA Rubenchik, AM TI Effects of plasma long-wavelength hydrodynamical fluctuations on stimulated Brillouin scattering SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID SCALE-LENGTH PLASMAS; UNIFORM ILLUMINATION; WAVES; INSTABILITIES; TARGETS; RAMAN AB Two important effects of long wavelength velocity and density perturbations on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) have been identified: (i) nonlinear interaction of the SBS-produced ion acoustic wave with velocity perturbations provides detuning of the SBS interaction, formation of ion acoustic wave satellites and its additional damping; (ii) harmonic generation of long wavelength density perturbations enhances the spectral density of ion acoustic fluctuations over a wide range of wavevectors, including SBS resonant sound waves. The first effect reduces the magnitude of the SBS gain, and the second one enhances the nonthermal noise level for SBS. Long wavelength ion acoustic perturbations reduce SBS reflectivity more dramatically than short wavelength harmonics produced by the SBS driven nonlinear sound wave. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Maximov, AV (reprint author), UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT PHYS,INST THEORET PHYS,EDMONTON,AB T6G 2J1,CANADA. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1689 EP 1699 DI 10.1063/1.871679 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK936 UT WOS:A1996UK93600025 ER PT J AU Rose, HA AF Rose, HA TI Laser beam deflection by flow and nonlinear self-focusing SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RANDOM-PHASE PLATE; PLASMAS; FILAMENTATION; INSTABILITY; LIGHT AB In general, it is found that the plasma density response to a laser beam's ponderomotive force is shifted in the direction of a transverse how which in turn deflects the laser beam in that direction, and retards the flow at a temporal rate which is proportional to the beam's spatial deflection rate. This rate is a rapidly increasing function of [I], the average laser intensity. This may result in finite beam deflections after propagation over a distance of a few speckle lengths for random phase plate optics. In current gas filled hohlraum experiments, the estimated magnitude of these effects is consistent with their experimental observation and one may need to include this physics in order to predict beam pointing which results in a symmetric capsule implosion. Flow retardation may be sufficient to exclude flow from the beam, self-limiting the deflection process. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. RP Rose, HA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 28 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1709 EP 1727 DI 10.1063/1.871690 PN 1 PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK936 UT WOS:A1996UK93600027 ER PT J AU Montgomery, DS Moody, JD Baldis, HA Afeyan, BB Berger, RL Estabrook, KG Lasinski, BF Williams, EA Labaune, C AF Montgomery, DS Moody, JD Baldis, HA Afeyan, BB Berger, RL Estabrook, KG Lasinski, BF Williams, EA Labaune, C TI Effects of laser beam smoothing on stimulated Raman scattering in exploding foil plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID SCALE-LENGTH PLASMAS; INDUCED SPATIAL INCOHERENCE; INSTABILITY; FILAMENTATION; LIGHT AB Time-resolved spectra of backward stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) were measured from the interaction of a 527 nm laser with a preformed plasma. The effect of laser smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD) was studied using laser bandwidth (Delta lambda/lambda=0.1%) and varying the laser intensity (2-20x10(14) W/cm(2)). A broad SRS spectrum extending to short wavelengths was observed for the high-intensity, Delta lambda/lambda=0 case. Narrow spectra corresponding to the peak plasma density were observed for cases with either high intensity and Delta lambda/lambda similar to 0.1%, or with low intensity and Delta lambda/lambda=0. Simulations of the filamentation process were performed for the conditions of these experiments. The simulations show that laser smoothing stabilizes filamentation for high-intensity interactions, and that filaments are stable without smoothing for low intensity. The predicted onset of filamentation without smoothing correlates with the growth of short wavelength SRS. These experimental results are presented and models are discussed that may help explain the data. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 ECOLE POLYTECH,F-91128 PALAISEAU,FRANCE. RP Montgomery, DS (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. OI Montgomery, David/0000-0002-2355-6242 NR 26 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1728 EP 1736 DI 10.1063/1.871682 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK936 UT WOS:A1996UK93600028 ER PT J AU Maxon, S Hammer, JH Eddleman, JL Tabak, M Zimmerman, GB Alley, WE Estabrook, KG Harte, JA Nash, TJ Sanford, TWL DeGroot, JS AF Maxon, S Hammer, JH Eddleman, JL Tabak, M Zimmerman, GB Alley, WE Estabrook, KG Harte, JA Nash, TJ Sanford, TWL DeGroot, JS TI Magnetohydrodynamic solution for a Z pinch showing the production of a hot spot SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID GENERATORS; SPECTRA AB Two-dimensional LASNEX [National Technical Information Service Document No. DE 81026329 (Zimmerman, Report No. UCRL-74811, 1973)] calculations are made for a Z pinch on Saturn, the low-impedance, low-inductance electron accelerator at the Sandia National Laboratories [D. D. Bloomquist et al. Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE Pulsed Power Conference, Arlington, VA, edited by P. J. Turchi and B. H. Bernstein (Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers, New York, 1987), p. 310]. The experiment is characterized by a current of 6 MA with a tungsten wire;load (4 mg) at 2 mm. Two-dimensional calculations show the evolution of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability to the bubble and spike phase, causing high-density islands to form in the pinch opposite the bubbles. The two-dimensional energy flow causes a ''hot spot'' to evolve, which is shown to agree in its size and brightness with pinhole camera measurements. This is the first explicit calculation of a hot spot in two dimensions employing the full magnetohydrodynamic equations. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP Maxon, S (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1737 EP 1740 DI 10.1063/1.871691 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK936 UT WOS:A1996UK93600029 ER PT J AU Goldston, RJ AF Goldston, RJ TI Physics of the steady-state advanced tokamak SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID IDEAL MHD STABILITY; PLASMAS AB The tokamak reactor becomes a more attractive fusion power source if it can operate in steady state, and at high fusion power density, with low recirculating power. This implies that a ''steady-state advanced tokamak'' must achieve both high beta and high confinement, consistent with a high fraction of the total plasma current being carried by the bootstrap effect. The most attractive mode of operation to fulfill these requirements involves a reversal of the global magnetic shear, dq/dr, in the plasma core. This allows self-consistency between the radial profile of the bootstrap current and that of the total current, while simultaneously reducing turbulent transport in the plasma core and increasing magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability. In this paper both theoretical and experimental work on the steady-state advanced tokamak are reviewed, and we point to new research areas that need to be pursued to make this concept a reality. Presently operating devices can make strong contributions in this research area, and future devices should be designed with the capability to access, investigate, and exploit this operating mode. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. RP Goldston, RJ (reprint author), PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,POB 451,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1794 EP 1802 DI 10.1063/1.871698 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800003 ER PT J AU Rosen, MD AF Rosen, MD TI The science applications of the high-energy density plasmas created on the Nova laser SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID X-RAY LASER; ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; OPACITY; IRON; HOT AB Since the late 1970s it has been realized that the laser-heated hohlraums envisioned for indirect drive Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) could also serve as ''physics factories'' by providing a high-energy density environment for the study of a wide variety of physics with important applications. In this review we will describe some of these studies, accomplished in the early 1990s using the Nova laser [J. T. Hunt and D. R. Speck, Opt. Eng. 28, 461 (1989)] at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. They include measuring the opacity of Fe, thus confirming that the OPAL low Z opacity code [C. A. Iglesias and F. J. Rogers, Astrophys. J. 443, 460 (1995)] is quantitatively more accurate than ''standard'' models, with important astrophysical implications such as modeling the Cepheid variables [F. J. Rogers and C. A. Iglesias, Science 263, 50 (1994)]; measuring the Rosseland mean opacity of Au, confirming the correctness of the ''Super Transition Array'' (STA) high-Z code [Bar Shalom et al., Phys. Rev. A 40, 3183 (1989)] with important implications for ignition targets designed for the National Ignition Facility (NIF); sophisticated Rayleigh-Taylor and other hydrodynamic turbulence experiments and analysis that serve as a test bed for understanding astrophysical observations such as supernova explosions; using laboratory x-ray lasers for probing high-density ICF plasmas as well as biology; and creating near Gbar pressures [Cauble et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2102 (1993)]. Expanded opportunities for such research on the NIF will also be described. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. RP Rosen, MD (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 44 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1803 EP 1812 DI 10.1063/1.871683 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800004 ER PT J AU Cohen, RH Rognlien, TD AF Cohen, RH Rognlien, TD TI Induced magnetic-field effects in inductively coupled plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID COLLISIONLESS AB In inductive plasma sources, the rapid spatial decay of the electric field arising from the skin effect produces a large radio frequency (RF) magnetic field via Faraday's law. It was previously shown that this magnetic field leads to a reduction of the electron density in the skin region, as well as a reduction in the collisionless heating rate. The electron deficit leads to the formation of an electrostatic potential which pulls electrons into restore quasineutrality. Here the electron density calculation is extended to include both the induced and electrostatic fields. If the wave frequency is not too low, the ions respond only to the averaged fields, and hence the electrostatic field is oscillatory, predominantly at the second harmonic of the applied field. The potential required to establish a constant electron density is calculated and compared with numerical orbit-code calculations. For times short compared to ion transit times, the quasineutral density is just the initial ion density. For timescales long enough that the ions can relax, the density profile can be found from the solution of fluid equations with an effective (ponderomotive-like) potential added. Although the time-varying electrostatic potential is an extra source of heating, the net effect of the induced magnetic and electrostatic fields through trapping, early turning, and direct heating is a significant reduction in collisionless heating for parameters of interest. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. RP Cohen, RH (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 19 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1839 EP 1847 DI 10.1063/1.871979 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800008 ER PT J AU Newman, DE Carreras, BA Diamond, PH Hahm, TS AF Newman, DE Carreras, BA Diamond, PH Hahm, TS TI The dynamics of marginality and self-organized criticality as a paradigm turbulent transport SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID DRIFT INSTABILITIES; AVALANCHES AB A general paradigm, based on the concept of self-organized criticality (SOC), for turbulent transport in magnetically confined plasmas, has been recently suggested as an explanation for some of the apparent discrepancies between most theoretical models of turbulent transport and experimental observations of the transport in magnetically confined plasmas. This model describes the dynamics of the transport without relying on the underlying local fluctuation mechanisms. Computations based on a cellular automata realization of such a model have found that noise-driven SOC systems can maintain average profiles that are linearly stable (submarginal) and yet are able to sustain active transport dynamics. It is also found that the dominant scales in the transport dynamics in the absence of sheared flaw are system scales rather than the underlying local fluctuation scales. The addition of sheared flow into the dynamics leads to a large reduction of the system-scale transport events and a commensurate increase in the fluctuation-scale transport events needed to maintain the constant flux. The dynamics of these models and the potential ramifications for transport studies are discussed. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. RP Newman, DE (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2009,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 19 TC 196 Z9 196 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1858 EP 1866 DI 10.1063/1.871681 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800011 ER PT J AU Darrow, DS Zweben, SJ Batha, S Budny, RV Bush, CE Chang, Z Cheng, CZ Duong, HH Fang, J Fisch, NJ Fischer, R Fredrickson, ED Fu, GY Heeter, RF Heidbrink, WW Herrmann, HW Herrmann, MC Hill, K Jaeger, EF James, R Majeski, R Medley, SS Murakami, M Petrov, M Phillips, CK Redi, MH Ruskov, E Spong, DA Strait, EJ Taylor, G White, RB Wilson, JR Wong, KL Zarnstorff, MC AF Darrow, DS Zweben, SJ Batha, S Budny, RV Bush, CE Chang, Z Cheng, CZ Duong, HH Fang, J Fisch, NJ Fischer, R Fredrickson, ED Fu, GY Heeter, RF Heidbrink, WW Herrmann, HW Herrmann, MC Hill, K Jaeger, EF James, R Majeski, R Medley, SS Murakami, M Petrov, M Phillips, CK Redi, MH Ruskov, E Spong, DA Strait, EJ Taylor, G White, RB Wilson, JR Wong, KL Zarnstorff, MC TI Alpha particle losses from Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor deuterium-tritium plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID ALFVEN EIGENMODES; TFTR; PRODUCTS AB Because alpha particle losses can have a significant influence on tokamak reactor viability, the loss of deuterium-tritium alpha particles from the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [K. M. McGuire et al., Phys. Plasmas 2, 2176 (1995)] has been measured under a wide range of conditions. In TFTR, first orbit loss and stochastic toroidal field ripple diffusion are always present. Other losses can arise due to magnetohydrodynamic instabilities or due to waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies. No alpha particle losses have yet been seen due to collective instabilities driven by alphas. Ion Bernstein waves can drive large losses of fast ions from TFTR, and details of those losses support one element of the alpha energy channeling scenario. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. RP Darrow, DS (reprint author), PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB, POB 451, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 USA. RI Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012; White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013; Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014 OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873; White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685; NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1875 EP 1880 DI 10.1063/1.871983 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800013 ER PT J AU Mansfield, DK Hill, KW Strachan, JD Bell, MG Scott, SD Budny, R Marmar, ES Snipes, JA Terry, JL Batha, S Bell, RE Bitter, M Bush, CE Chang, Z Darrow, DS Ernst, D Fredrickson, E Grek, B Herrmann, HW Janos, A Jassby, DL Jobes, FC Johnson, DW Johnson, LC Levinton, FM Mikkelsen, DR Mueller, D Owens, DK Park, H Ramsey, AT Roquemore, AL Skinner, CH Stevenson, T Stratton, BC Synakowski, E Taylor, G vonHalle, A vonGoeler, S Wong, KL Zweben, SJ AF Mansfield, DK Hill, KW Strachan, JD Bell, MG Scott, SD Budny, R Marmar, ES Snipes, JA Terry, JL Batha, S Bell, RE Bitter, M Bush, CE Chang, Z Darrow, DS Ernst, D Fredrickson, E Grek, B Herrmann, HW Janos, A Jassby, DL Jobes, FC Johnson, DW Johnson, LC Levinton, FM Mikkelsen, DR Mueller, D Owens, DK Park, H Ramsey, AT Roquemore, AL Skinner, CH Stevenson, T Stratton, BC Synakowski, E Taylor, G vonHalle, A vonGoeler, S Wong, KL Zweben, SJ TI Enhancement of Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor performance by lithium conditioning SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys AB Wall conditioning in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [K. M. McGuire et al., Phys. Plasmas 2, 2176 (1995)] by injection of lithium pellets into the plasma has resulted in large improvements in deuterium-tritium fusion power production (up to 10.7 MW), the Lawson triple product (up to 10(21) m(-3) s keV), and energy confinement time (up to 330 ms), The maximum plasma current for access to high-performance supershots has been increased from 1.9 to 2.7 MA, leading to stable operation at plasma stored energy values greater than 5 MJ. The amount of lithium on the limiter and the effectiveness of its action are maximized through (1) distributing the Li over the limiter surface by injection of four Li pellets into Ohmic plasmas of increasing major and minor radius, and (2) injection of four Li pellets into the Ohmic phase of supershot discharges before neutral-beam heating is begun. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. RP Mansfield, DK (reprint author), PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,POB 451,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. RI Ernst, Darin/A-1487-2010 OI Ernst, Darin/0000-0002-9577-2809 NR 9 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1892 EP 1897 DI 10.1063/1.871984 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800015 ER PT J AU Ivers, TH Eisner, E Garofalo, A Kombargi, R Mauel, ME Maurer, D Nadle, D Navratil, GA Sankar, MKV Su, M Taylor, E Xiao, Q Bartsch, RR Reass, WA Wurden, GA AF Ivers, TH Eisner, E Garofalo, A Kombargi, R Mauel, ME Maurer, D Nadle, D Navratil, GA Sankar, MKV Su, M Taylor, E Xiao, Q Bartsch, RR Reass, WA Wurden, GA TI Observation of wall stabilization and active control of low-n magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in a tokamak SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID RESISTIVE WALL; STABILITY AB The High Beta Tokamak-Extended Pulse (HBT-EP) experiment [J. Fusion Energy 12, 303 (1993)] combines an internal, movable conducting wall with a high-power, modular saddle coil system to provide passive and active control of long wavelength magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities. Systematic adjustment of the radial position, b, of the conducting wall elements in relation to the surface of the plasma (minor radius a) resulted in the suppression of beta-limiting disruptions for discharges in which b/a < 1.2 and a positive plasma current ramp was maintained. Conducting wall stabilization of kink instabilities was observed in discharges with strong current ramps and in plasmas with beta values near the Troyon stability boundary. The frequency of slowly growing modes that persisted in wall-stabilized discharges was controlled by applying oscillating m=2, n=1 resonant magnetic perturbations. A compact, single-phase saddle coil system permitted modulation of the rotation velocity of internal m/n=2/1 instabilities by a factor of 2. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Ivers, TH (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,DEPT APPL PHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10027, USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 31 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1926 EP 1934 DI 10.1063/1.871988 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800019 ER PT J AU Ji, H Prager, SC Almagri, AF Sarff, JS Yagi, Y Hirano, Y Hattori, K Toyama, H AF Ji, H Prager, SC Almagri, AF Sarff, JS Yagi, Y Hirano, Y Hattori, K Toyama, H TI Measurement of the dynamo effect in a plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID REVERSED-FIELD PINCH; MADISON SYMMETRICAL TORUS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; RELAXATION; TRANSPORT; EDGE; FLUCTUATIONS AB A series of detailed experiments has been conducted in three laboratory plasma devices to measure the dynamo electric field along the equilibrium field line (the alpha effect) arising from the correlation between the fluctuating flow velocity and magnetic field. The fluctuating flow velocity is obtained from probe measurement of the fluctuating ExB drift and electron diamagnetic drift. The three major findings are the following: (1) The alpha effect accounts for the dynamo current generation, even in the time dependence through a ''sawtooth'' cycle; (2) at low collisionality the dynamo is explained primarily by the widely studied pressureless magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model, i.e., the fluctuating velocity is dominated by the ExB drift; (3) at high collisionality, a new ''diamagnetic dynamo'' is observed, in which the fluctuating velocity is dominated by the electron diamagnetic drift. In addition, direct measurements of the helicity flux indicate that the dynamo activity transports magnetic helicity from one part of the plasma to another, but the total helicity is roughly conserved, verifying Taylor's [Phys, Rev. Lett. 33, 1139 (1974); Rev, Mod. Phys, 58, 741 (1986)] conjecture. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PHYS,MADISON,WI 53706. ELECTROTECH LAB,PLASMA SECT,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. UNIV TOKYO,FAC SCI,DEPT PHYS,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. RP Ji, H (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PLASMA PHYS LAB,POB 451,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. NR 36 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1935 EP 1942 DI 10.1063/1.871989 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800020 ER PT J AU Lao, LL Burrell, KH Casper, TS Chan, VS Chu, MS DeBoo, JC Doyle, EJ Durst, RD Forest, CB Greenfield, CM Groebner, RJ Hinton, FL Kawano, Y Lazarus, EA LinLiu, YR Mauel, ME Meyer, WH Miller, RL Navratil, GA Osborne, TH Peng, Q Rettig, CL Rewoldt, G Rhodes, TL Rice, BW Schissel, DP Stallard, BW Strait, EJ Tang, WM Taylor, TS Turnbull, AD Waltz, RE AF Lao, LL Burrell, KH Casper, TS Chan, VS Chu, MS DeBoo, JC Doyle, EJ Durst, RD Forest, CB Greenfield, CM Groebner, RJ Hinton, FL Kawano, Y Lazarus, EA LinLiu, YR Mauel, ME Meyer, WH Miller, RL Navratil, GA Osborne, TH Peng, Q Rettig, CL Rewoldt, G Rhodes, TL Rice, BW Schissel, DP Stallard, BW Strait, EJ Tang, WM Taylor, TS Turnbull, AD Waltz, RE TI Rotational and magnetic shear stabilization of magnetohydrodynamic modes and turbulence in DIII-D high performance discharges SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID STABILITY AB The confinement and the stability properties of the DIII-D tokamak [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 159] high-performance discharges are evaluated in terms of rotational and magnetic shear, with an emphasis on the recent experimental results obtained from the negative central magnetic shear (NCS) experiments. In NCS discharges, a core transport barrier is often observed to form inside the NCS region accompanied by a reduction in core fluctuation amplitudes. Increasing negative magnetic shear contributes to the formation of this core transport barrier, but by itself is not sufficient to fully stabilize the toroidal drift mode (trapped-electron-eta(i) mode) to explain this formation. Comparison of the Doppler shift shear rate to the growth rate of the eta(i) mode suggests that the large core E X B flow shear can stabilize this mode and broaden the region of reduced core transport. Ideal and resistive stability analysis indicates the performance of NCS discharges with strongly peaked pressure profiles is limited by the resistive interchange mode to low beta(N) less than or equal to 2.3. This mode is insensitive to the details of the rotational and the magnetic shear profiles. A new class of discharges, which has a broad region of weak or slightly negative magnetic shear (WNS), is described. The WNS discharges have broader pressure profiles and higher beta values than the NCS discharges, together with high confinement and high fusion reactivity. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST,IBARAKI,OSAKA,JAPAN. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. COLUMBIA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10027. PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. RP Lao, LL (reprint author), GEN ATOM CO,POB 85608,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 24 TC 119 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1951 EP 1958 DI 10.1063/1.871991 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800022 ER PT J AU Parker, SE Mynick, HE Artun, M Cummings, JC Decyk, V Kepner, JV Lee, WW Tang, WM AF Parker, SE Mynick, HE Artun, M Cummings, JC Decyk, V Kepner, JV Lee, WW Tang, WM TI Radially global gyrokinetic simulation studies of transport barriers SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID GRADIENT-DRIVEN TURBULENCE; PARTICLE SIMULATION; POLOIDAL ROTATION; SHEARED FLOWS; TFTR TOKAMAK; EQUATIONS; PLASMA; MODE AB Improvements in tokamak transport have recently been obtained in a variety of operational modes through the formation of transport barriers, or good confinement radial zones. Here global nonlinear three-dimensional toroidal gyrokinetic simulation is used to study three effects that are linearly stabilizing and may cause the formation of transport barriers, namely, sheared toroidal rotation, reversed magnetic shear, and peaked density profiles. The effect of toroidal shear flow on ion heat diffusivity is found to be relatively weak compared to mixing-length expectations based on linear calculations. In contrast, it is found that weak or negative magnetic shear (s < 1/2) in combination with a peaked density profile relative to the temperature profile greatly suppresses ion-temperature-gradient-driven turbulence in the central region of global nonlinear simulations. Similar features are seen experimentally in reversed magnetic shear tokamak plasmas. There is some nonlocal penetration (similar to 20-30 rho(i)) of the turbulence into the subcritical core region. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT PHYS,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ADV COMP LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Parker, SE (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PLASMA PHYS LAB,POB 451,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. NR 48 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1959 EP 1966 DI 10.1063/1.871992 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800023 ER PT J AU Porter, GD Allen, SL Brown, M Fenstermacher, ME Hill, DN Jong, RA Leonard, AW Nilson, D Rensink, ME Rognlien, ID Smith, GR AF Porter, GD Allen, SL Brown, M Fenstermacher, ME Hill, DN Jong, RA Leonard, AW Nilson, D Rensink, ME Rognlien, ID Smith, GR TI Simulation of experimentally achieved DIII-D detached plasmas using the UEDGE code SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID TOKAMAK AB The introduction of a divertor Thomson scattering system in DIII-D [J. Luxon et al., International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1986), p. 159] has enabled accurate determination of the plasma properties in the divertor region. Two plasma regimes are identified: detached and attached. The electron temperature in the detached regime is about 2 eV, much lower than 5-10 eV determined earlier. Fluid models of the DIII-D scrape-off layer plasma successfully reproduce many of the features of these two regimes, including the boundaries for transition between them. Detailed comparison between the results obtained from the fluid models and experiment suggest the models underestimate the spatial extent of the low-temperature region associated with the detached plasma mode. Low-temperature atomic physics processes that are not included in the present models may account for this discrepancy. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. RP Porter, GD (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,L-637,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 15 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1967 EP 1975 DI 10.1063/1.871993 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800024 ER PT J AU Majeski, R Rogers, JH Batha, SH Bers, A Budny, R Darrow, D Duong, HH Fisher, RK Forest, CB Fredrickson, E Grek, B Hill, K Hosea, JC Ignat, D LeBlanc, B Levinton, F Medley, SS Murakami, M Petrov, MP Phillips, CK Ram, A Ramsey, AT Schilling, G Taylor, G Wilson, JR Zarnstorff, MC AF Majeski, R Rogers, JH Batha, SH Bers, A Budny, R Darrow, D Duong, HH Fisher, RK Forest, CB Fredrickson, E Grek, B Hill, K Hosea, JC Ignat, D LeBlanc, B Levinton, F Medley, SS Murakami, M Petrov, MP Phillips, CK Ram, A Ramsey, AT Schilling, G Taylor, G Wilson, JR Zarnstorff, MC TI Ion cyclotron range of frequency experiments in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor with fast waves and mode converted ion Bernstein waves SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID DIII-D TOKAMAK; CURRENT-DRIVE; TFTR; PLASMAS AB Recent experiments in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor [Fusion Technol. 21, 13 (1992)] are discussed. These experiments include mode conversion heating and current drive, fast wave current drive, and heating of low (L)-mode deuterium-tritium (D-T) plasmas in both the hydrogen minority and second harmonic tritium regimes. In mode conversion heating, a central electron temperature of 10 keV was attained with 3.3 MW of radio-frequency power. In mode conversion current drive experiments, up to 130 kA of current was noninductively driven, on and off axis, and the current profiles were modified. Fast wave current drive experiments have produced 70-80 kA of noninductively driven current. Heating of L-mode deuterium and D-T plasmas by hydrogen minority ICRF has been compared. Finally, heating of L-mode D-T plasmas at the second harmonic of the tritium cyclotron frequency has been demonstrated. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. RP Majeski, R (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,POB 451,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. NR 31 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 2006 EP 2012 DI 10.1063/1.871997 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800029 ER PT J AU Delamater, ND Murphy, TJ Hauer, AA Kauffman, RL Richard, AL Lindman, EL Magelssen, GR Wilde, BH Harris, DB Failor, BA Wallace, J Powers, LV Pollaine, SM Suter, LJ Chrien, R Shepard, TD Rose, HA Williams, EA Nelson, MB Cable, MD Moore, JB Salazar, MA Gifford, K AF Delamater, ND Murphy, TJ Hauer, AA Kauffman, RL Richard, AL Lindman, EL Magelssen, GR Wilde, BH Harris, DB Failor, BA Wallace, J Powers, LV Pollaine, SM Suter, LJ Chrien, R Shepard, TD Rose, HA Williams, EA Nelson, MB Cable, MD Moore, JB Salazar, MA Gifford, K TI Symmetry experiments in gas-filled hohlraums at NOVA SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys AB Unerstanding drive symmetry in gas-filled hohlraums is currently of interest because the baseline design of the indirect drive ignition target for the planned National Ignition Facility uses a gas-filled hohlraum. This paper reports on the results of a series of experiments performed at the Nova laser [C. Bibeau et al. Appl. Opt. 31, 5799 (1992)] facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory with the goal of understanding time-dependent drive symmetry in gas filled hohlraums. Time-dependent symmetry data from capsule implosions and reemission targets in gas-filled hohlraums are discussed. Results of symmetry measurements using thin wall gas filled hohlraums are also discussed. The results show that the gas is effective in impeding the motion of the wall blowoff material, and that the resulting implosion performance of the capsule is not significantly degraded from vacuum results. The implosion symmetry in gas differs from vacuum results with similar laser pointing indicating a shift in beam position on the hohlraum wall and hotter drive at the capsule's poles than at the equator. A theory has been proposed to explain the observed shift as a plasma physics effect: beam steering due to filamentation and transverse plasma flows. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. CTR ETUD LIMEIL VALENTON,F-94195 VILLENEUVE ST GEO,FRANCE. PHYS INT CO,SAN LEANDRO,CA 94577. GEN ATOM CO,SAN DIEGO,CA. RP Delamater, ND (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS E-526,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Murphy, Thomas/F-3101-2014 OI Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-6137-9873 NR 11 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 2022 EP 2028 DI 10.1063/1.871999 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800031 ER PT J AU MacGowan, BJ Afeyan, BB Back, CA Berger, RL Bonnaud, G Casanova, M Cohen, BI Desenne, DE DuBois, DF Dulieu, AG Estabrook, KG Fernandez, JC Glenzer, SH Hinkel, DE Kaiser, TB Kalantar, DH Kauffman, RL Kirkwood, RK Kruer, WL Langdon, AB Lasinski, BF Montgomery, DS Moody, JD Munro, DH Powers, LV Rose, HA Rousseaux, C Turner, RE Wilde, BH Wilks, SC Williams, EA AF MacGowan, BJ Afeyan, BB Back, CA Berger, RL Bonnaud, G Casanova, M Cohen, BI Desenne, DE DuBois, DF Dulieu, AG Estabrook, KG Fernandez, JC Glenzer, SH Hinkel, DE Kaiser, TB Kalantar, DH Kauffman, RL Kirkwood, RK Kruer, WL Langdon, AB Lasinski, BF Montgomery, DS Moody, JD Munro, DH Powers, LV Rose, HA Rousseaux, C Turner, RE Wilde, BH Wilks, SC Williams, EA TI Laser-plasma interactions in ignition-scale hohlraum plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID INDUCED SPATIAL INCOHERENCE; LENGTH PLASMAS; SMOOTHING TECHNIQUES; FILAMENTATION; LIGHT; SCATTERING; NOVA AB Scattering of laser light by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is a concern for indirect drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF). The hohlraum designs for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) raise particular concerns due to the large scale and homogeneity of the plasmas within them. Experiments at Nova have studied laser-plasma interactions within large scale length plasmas that mimic many of the characteristics of the NIF hohlraum plasmas. Filamentation and scattering of laser light by SBS and SRS have been investigated as a function of beam smoothing and plasma conditions. Narrowly collimated SRS backscatter has been observed from low density, low-Z, plasmas, which are representative of the plasma filling most of the NIF hohlraum. SBS backscatter is found to occur in the high-Z plasma of gold ablated from the wall. Both SBS and SRS are observed to be at acceptable levels in experiments using smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD). (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RP MacGowan, BJ (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, L-473,BOX 808, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011 OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815 NR 51 TC 119 Z9 129 U1 7 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 2029 EP 2040 DI 10.1063/1.872000 PN 2 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800032 ER PT J AU Everett, MJ Lal, A Clayton, CE Mori, WB Joshi, C Johnston, TW AF Everett, MJ Lal, A Clayton, CE Mori, WB Joshi, C Johnston, TW TI Coupling between electron plasma waves in laser-plasma interactions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID SCATTERING AB A Lagrangian fluid model (cold plasma, fixed ions) is developed for analyzing the coupling between electron plasma waves. This model shows that a small wave number electron plasma wave (omega(2),k(2)) will strongly affect a large wave number electron plasma wave (omega(1),k(1)), transferring its energy into daughter waves or sidebands at (omega(1)+n omega(2),k(1)+nk(2)) in the lab frame. The accuracy of the model is checked via particle-in-cell simulations, which confirm that the energy in the mode at (omega(1),k(1)) can be completely transferred to the sidebands at (omega(1)+n omega(2),k(1)+nk(2)) by the presence of the electron plasma mode at (omega(2),k(2)). Conclusive experimental evidence for the generation of daughter waves via this coupling is then presented using time- and wave number-resolved spectra of the light from a probe laser coherently Thomson scattered by the electron plasma waves generated by the interaction of a two-frequency CO2 laser with a plasma. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT ELECT ENGN,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. INST NATL RECH SCI ENERGIE,QUEBEC CITY,PQ,CANADA. RP Everett, MJ (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 2041 EP 2046 DI 10.1063/1.871678 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800033 ER PT J AU Decker, CD Mori, WB Tzeng, KC Katsouleas, T AF Decker, CD Mori, WB Tzeng, KC Katsouleas, T TI Evolution of ultra-intense, short-pulse lasers in underdense plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; TENUOUS PLASMAS; GENERATION; RADIATION; WAVES; BEAMS; INSTABILITY; SIMULATION; FREQUENCY AB The propagation of short-pulse lasers through underdense plasmas at ultra-high intensities (I greater than or equal to 10(19) W/cm) is examined. The pulse evolution is found to be significantly different than it is for moderate intensities. The pulse breakup is dominated by leading edge erosion and plasma wave wake formation rather than from Raman forward scattering type instabilities. A differential equation which describes local pump depletion is derived and used to analyze the formation and evolution of the erosion. Pulse erosion is demonstrated with one dimensional particle in cell (PIC) simulations. In addition, two dimensional simulations are presented which show pulse erosion along with other effects such as channeling and diffraction. Possible applications for plasma based accelerators and light sources are discussed. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT ELECT ENGN,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT PHYS,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT ELECT ENGN,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. RP Decker, CD (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 44 TC 121 Z9 121 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 2047 EP 2056 DI 10.1063/1.872001 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800034 ER PT J AU Suter, LJ Kauffman, RL Darrow, CB Hauer, AA Kornblum, H Landen, OL Orzechowski, TJ Phillion, DW Porter, JL Powers, LV Richard, A Rosen, MD Thiessen, AR Wallace, R AF Suter, LJ Kauffman, RL Darrow, CB Hauer, AA Kornblum, H Landen, OL Orzechowski, TJ Phillion, DW Porter, JL Powers, LV Richard, A Rosen, MD Thiessen, AR Wallace, R TI Radiation drive in laser-heated hohlraums SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID X-RAY GENERATION; LIGHT; CONFINEMENT; 1.3-MU-M; PLASMA AB Nearly 10 years of Nova [E. M. Campbell, Laser Part. Beams 9, 209 (1991)] experiments and analysis have lead to a relatively detailed quantitative and qualitative understanding of radiation drive in laser-heated hohlraums. Our most successful quantitative modeling tool is two-dimensional (2-D) LASNEX numerical simulations [G. B. Zimmerman and W. L. Kruer, Comments Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 2, 51 (1975)]. Analysis of the simulations provides us with insight into the physics of hohlraum drive. In particular we find hohlraum radiation conversion efficiency becomes quite high with longer pulses as the accumulated, high-Z blow-off plasma begins to radiate. Extensive Nova experiments corroborate our quantitative and qualitative understanding. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. CEA LIMEIL VALENTON,VILLENEUVE ST GEO,FRANCE. RP Suter, LJ (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 23 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 2057 EP 2062 DI 10.1063/1.872002 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800035 ER PT J AU Hammer, JH Eddleman, JL Springer, PT Tabak, M Toor, A Wong, KL Zimmerman, GB Deeney, C Humphreys, R Nash, TJ Sanford, TWL Spielman, RB DeGroot, JS AF Hammer, JH Eddleman, JL Springer, PT Tabak, M Toor, A Wong, KL Zimmerman, GB Deeney, C Humphreys, R Nash, TJ Sanford, TWL Spielman, RB DeGroot, JS TI Two-dimensional radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations of SATURN imploding Z pinches SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID MODEL AB Z-pinch implosions driven by the SATURN device [D. D. Bloomquist et al., Proceedings of the 6th Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Pulsed Power Conference, Arlington, VA, edited by P. J. Turchi and B. H. Bernstein (IEEE, New York, 1987), p. 310] at Sandia National Laboratory are modeled with a two-dimensional radiation magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code, showing strong growth of the magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor (MRT) instability. Modeling of the linear and nonlinear development of MRT modes predicts growth of bubble-spike structures that increase the time span of stagnation and the resulting x-ray pulse width. Radiation is important in the pinch dynamics, keeping the sheath relatively cool during the run-in and releasing most of the stagnation energy. The calculations give x-ray pulse widths and magnitudes in reasonable agreement with experiments, but predict a radiating region that is too dense and radially localized at stagnation. We also consider peaked initial density profiles with constant imploding sheath velocity that should reduce MRT instability and improve performance. Krypton simulations show an output x-ray power >80 TW for the peaked profile. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP Hammer, JH (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94526, USA. NR 16 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 2063 EP 2069 DI 10.1063/1.872003 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800036 ER PT J AU Marinak, MM Tipton, RE Landen, OL Murphy, TJ Amendt, P Haan, SW Hatchett, SP Keane, CJ McEachern, R Wallace, R AF Marinak, MM Tipton, RE Landen, OL Murphy, TJ Amendt, P Haan, SW Hatchett, SP Keane, CJ McEachern, R Wallace, R TI Three-dimensional simulations of Nova high growth factor capsule implosion experiments SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; DENSE-PLASMAS; FUSION; LASER AB Capsule implosion experiments carried out on the Nova laser [IE. M. Campbell et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 57, 2101 (1986)] are simulated with the three-dimensional HYDRA radiation hydrodynamics code [NTIS Document No. DE-96004569 (M. M. Marinak et al. in UCRL-LR-105821-95-3)]. Simulations of ordered, near single mode perturbations indicate that structures which evolve into round spikes can penetrate farthest into the hot spot. Bubble-shaped perturbations can burn through the capsule shell fastest, in which case they cause even more damage. A simulation of a capsule with a multimode perturbation of moderate amplitude shows spike amplitudes evolving in good agreement with a saturation model during the deceleration phase. The presence of sizable low mode asymmetry, caused either by drive asymmetry or perturbations in the capsule shell, can dramatically affect the manner in which spikes approach the center of the hot spot. Three-dimensional coupling between the low mode shell perturbations intrinsic to Nova capsules and the drive asymmetry is found to be important, bringing the simulated neutron yields into closer agreement with the experimental values. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. RP Marinak, MM (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. RI Murphy, Thomas/F-3101-2014 OI Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-6137-9873 NR 39 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 2070 EP 2076 DI 10.1063/1.872004 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800037 ER PT J AU Krauser, WJ Hoffman, NM Wilson, DC Wilde, BH Varnum, WS Harris, DB Swenson, FJ Bradley, PA Haan, SW Pollaine, SM Wan, AS Moreno, JC Amendt, PA AF Krauser, WJ Hoffman, NM Wilson, DC Wilde, BH Varnum, WS Harris, DB Swenson, FJ Bradley, PA Haan, SW Pollaine, SM Wan, AS Moreno, JC Amendt, PA TI Ignition target design and robustness studies for the National Ignition Facility SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID INSTABILITY AB Recent results are presented from two-dimensional LASNEX [G. B. Zimmerman and W. L. Kruer, Comments Plasmas Phys. Controlled Thermonucl. Fusion 2, 51 (1975)] calculations of the indirectly driven hohlraum and ignition capsules proposed for the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The calculations concentrate on two capsule designs, the baseline design that has a bromine-doped plastic ablator, and the beryllium design that has a copper-doped beryllium ablator. Both capsules have a cryogenic fuel layer. Primary emphasis in these calculations is placed upon robustness studies detailing various sensitivities. Because of computer modeling limitations these studies fall into two categories: those performed with integrated modeling where the capsule, hohlraum, and laser rays all are modeled simultaneously with the laser power levels as the only energy input; and those performed in a capsule-only mode where an externally imposed radiative flux is applied to the exterior of the capsule, and only the capsule performance is modeled. Integrated modeling calculations address sensitivities to, e.g., the laser pointing; among other things, capsule-only calculations address yield degradation due to the growth of hydrodynamic instabilities seeded by initial surface roughnesses on the capsules. Limitations of the calculational models and directions for future research are discussed. The results of the robustness studies performed to date enhance the authors' confidence that the NIF can achieve ignition and produce 10-15 MJ of capsule yield with one or more capsule designs. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Krauser, WJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 28 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 2084 EP 2093 DI 10.1063/1.872006 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800039 ER PT J AU Landen, OL Keane, CJ Hammel, BA Levedahl, WK Amendt, PA Colvin, JD Cable, MD Cook, R Dittrich, TR Haan, SW Hatchett, SP Hay, RGB Lerche, RA McEachern, R Murphy, TJ Nelson, MB Suter, L Wallace, RJ AF Landen, OL Keane, CJ Hammel, BA Levedahl, WK Amendt, PA Colvin, JD Cable, MD Cook, R Dittrich, TR Haan, SW Hatchett, SP Hay, RGB Lerche, RA McEachern, R Murphy, TJ Nelson, MB Suter, L Wallace, RJ TI Effects of variable x-ray preheat shielding in indirectly driven implosions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; LASER-FUSION; TARGETS; GROWTH; PLASMAS; MATTER AB The performance of indirectly driven fusion capsules has been improved by mid Z doping of the plastic capsule ablator. The doping increases x-ray preheat shielding leading to a more isentropic compression, higher convergence, and higher neutron yield. A 4X increase in neutron yield is both calculated and observed as the Ge doping level is increased from 0% to 3% by atomic fraction. A predicted 40% decrease in x-ray image core size with increasing Ge content is confirmed. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. RP Landen, OL (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 5508,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. RI Murphy, Thomas/F-3101-2014 OI Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-6137-9873 NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 2094 EP 2097 DI 10.1063/1.872007 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800040 ER PT J AU Welch, DR Cuneo, ME Olson, CL Mehlhorn, TA AF Welch, DR Cuneo, ME Olson, CL Mehlhorn, TA TI Gas breakdown effects in the generation and transport of light ion beams for fusion SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID DIODES; PLASMA AB The efficiency of delivering an ion beam to an inertial confinement fusion target depends on the ability to control the breakdown of both unintended (in the ''vacuum'' diode region) and intended (in the transport region) gas. The desorption and breakdown of anode-surface contaminants in an ion diode complicates the generation of a pure, high-brightness ion beam. Beyond the accelerator, the gas in the reactor vessel must provide excellent charge neutralization and specified current neutralization to permit the beam transport and focusing to a <1 cm radius, spherical target. Two schemes, in which controlling gas breakdown is essential, are ''ballistic'' and ''self-pinched'' ion transport. Results are discussed from hybrid particle-fluid simulations of anode contaminant desorption and ion beam transport. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Welch, DR (reprint author), MISSION RES CORP,1720 RANDOLPH RD SE,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106, USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 2113 EP 2121 DI 10.1063/1.871663 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800043 ER PT J AU Slutz, SA Lemke, RW Pointon, TD Desjarlais, MP Johnson, DJ Mehlhorn, TA Filuk, A Bailey, J AF Slutz, SA Lemke, RW Pointon, TD Desjarlais, MP Johnson, DJ Mehlhorn, TA Filuk, A Bailey, J TI Ion divergence in magnetically insulated diodes SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID BEAMS; CATHODE AB Magnetically insulated ion diodes are being developed to drive inertial confinement fusion. Ion beam microdivergence must be reduced to achieve the very high beam intensities required to achieve this goal. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations [Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3094 (1991)] indicate that instability-induced fluctuations can produce significant ion divergence during acceleration. These simulations exhibit a fast growing mode early in time, which has been identified as the diocotron instability. The divergence generated by this mode is modest, due to the relatively high-frequency (>1 GHz). Later, a low-frequency low-phase-velocity instability develops with a frequency that is approximately the reciprocal of the ion transit time. This instability couples effectively to the ions, and can generate unacceptably large ion divergences (>30 mrad). Linear stability theory reveals that this mode has structure parallel to the applied magnetic field and is related to the modified two-stream instability. Measurements of ion density fluctuations and energy-momentum correlations have confirmed that instabilities develop in ion diodes and contribute to the ion divergence. In addition, spectroscopic measurements indicate that lithium ions have a significant transverse temperature very close to the emission surface. Passive thin-film lithium fluoride (LiF) anodes have larger transverse beam temperatures than laser-irradiated active sources. Calculations of the ion beam source divergence for the LiF film due to surface roughness and the possible loss of adhesion and fragmentation of this film are presented. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. RP Slutz, SA (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 2175 EP 2182 DI 10.1063/1.871672 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800052 ER PT J AU Okuda, H Kelly, AJ AF Okuda, H Kelly, AJ TI Electrostatic atomization - Experiment, theory and industrial applications SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID SPRAY THEORY AB Experimental and theoretical research has been initiated at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory on the electrostatic atomization process in collaboration with Charged Injection Corporation. The goal of this collaboration is to set up a comprehensive research and development program on the electrostatic atomization at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory so that both institutions can benefit from the collaboration. Experimental, theoretical and numerical simulation approaches are used for this purpose. An experiment consisting of a capillary sprayer combined with a quadrupole mass filter and a charge detector was installed at the Electrostatic Atomization Laboratory to study fundamental properties of the charged droplets such as the distribution of charges with respect to the droplet radius. In addition, a numerical simulation model is used to study interaction of beam electrons with atmospheric pressure water vapor, supporting an effort to develop an electrostatic water mist fire-fighting nozzle. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 CHARGED INJECT CORP,MONMOUTH JCT,NJ 08852. RP Okuda, H (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,POB 451,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. NR 9 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 2191 EP 2196 DI 10.1063/1.871674 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800054 ER PT J AU Leboeuf, JN Chen, KR Donato, JM Geohegan, DB Liu, CL Puretzky, AA Wood, RF AF Leboeuf, JN Chen, KR Donato, JM Geohegan, DB Liu, CL Puretzky, AA Wood, RF TI Modeling of plume dynamics in laser ablation processes for thin film deposition of materials SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 06-10, 1995 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys AB The transport dynamics of laser-ablated neutral/plasma plumes are of significant interest for film growth by pulsed-laser deposition of materials, since the magnitude and kinetic energy of the species arriving at the deposition substrate are key processing parameters. Dynamical calculations of plume propagation in vacuum and in background gas have been performed using particle-in-cell hydrodynamics, continuum gasdynamics, and scattering models. Results from these calculations are presented and compared with experimental observations. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 NATL CHANGHUA UNIV EDUC,DEPT PHYS,CHANGHUA,TAIWAN. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST SPECT,TROITSK 142092,RUSSIA. RP Leboeuf, JN (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2009,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013 OI Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139 NR 14 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 5 BP 2203 EP 2209 DI 10.1063/1.871676 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UK938 UT WOS:A1996UK93800056 ER PT J AU Jarrell, M Gubernatis, JE AF Jarrell, M Gubernatis, JE TI Bayesian inference and the analytic continuation of imaginary-time quantum Monte Carlo data SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review ID DIMENSIONAL HUBBARD-MODEL; DILUTE MAGNETIC-ALLOYS; DEGENERATE ANDERSON MODEL; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY METHOD; MANY-BODY SYSTEMS; INFINITE DIMENSIONS; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; OPTICAL CONDUCTIVITY; DYNAMICAL PROPERTIES AB We present a way to use Bayesian statistical inference and the principle of maximum entropy to analytically continue imaginary-time quantum Monte Carlo data. We supply the details that are lacking in the seminal literature but are important for the motivated reader to understand the assumptions and approximations embodied in these methods. First, we summarize the general relations between quantum correlation functions and spectral densities. We then review the basic principles, formalism, and philosophy of Bayesian inference and discuss the application of this approach in the context of the analytic continuation problem. Next, we present a detailed case study for the symmetric, infinite-dimension Anderson Hamiltonian. We chose this Hamiltonian because the qualitative features of its spectral density are well established and because a particularly convenient algorithm exists to produce the imaginary-time Green's function data. Shown are all the intermediate steps of data and solution qualification. The importance of careful data preparation and error propagation in the analytic continuation is discussed in the context of this example. Then, we review the different physical systems and physical quantities to which these, or related, procedures have been applied. Finally, we describe other features concerning the application of our methods, their possible improvement, and areas for additional study. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV THEORET, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RP Jarrell, M (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI, DEPT PHYS, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 USA. NR 140 TC 635 Z9 643 U1 5 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 EI 1873-6270 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 269 IS 3 BP 133 EP 195 DI 10.1016/0370-1573(95)00074-7 PG 63 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA UK756 UT WOS:A1996UK75600001 ER PT J AU Martin, HW Young, TR Kaplan, DI Simon, L Adriano, DC AF Martin, HW Young, TR Kaplan, DI Simon, L Adriano, DC TI Evaluation of three herbaceous index plant species for bioavailability of soil cadmium, chromium, nickel and vanadium SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; cadmium; chicory; chromium; Cichorium intybus; contamination; ecological risk assessment; Erigeron canadensis; Eupatorium capillifolium; horseweed; index plants; index species; metals; nickel; soil; vanadium ID RAW AGRICULTURAL CROPS; TARAXACUM-OFFICINALE; UNITED-STATES; LEAD; ACCUMULATION; AVAILABILITY; DANDELION; TOXICITY; ELEMENTS; SLUDGE AB Uncultivated plants growing on disturbed sites may be useful for assessing the bioavailability of some metals in soils, and thus the potential for metal mobilization up the terrestrial food chain, an important element in ecological risk assessment. A planted chicory cultivar (Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum Hegi.) and the uncultivated plants horseweed (Canada fleabane) (Erigeron canadensis L.) and dogfennel (Eupatorium capillifolium (Lan) Small) were evaluated for their ability to act as index plant species for soil Cd, Cr, Ni, and V at two field sites where these metals had been applied five yr previously to two highly weathered sandy Ultisols. Soil Cd was available to all analyzed plant tissues of all three plant species at both sites, particularly on the sandier Blanton soil. Chicory was an effective index plant for Cd on the finer textured Orangeburg soil but functioned as an indicator plant (toxicity symptoms were observed) on the sandier Blanton soil. Horseweed and dogfennel were effective index plants for Cd in both contaminated soils. Soil Cr, Ni, and V were less bioavailable than soil Cd and plant metal uptake was more sensitive to residual soil Cr, Ni, and V than was soil extraction with double acid. Horseweed and chicory may have potential as index plants for soil Cr. Chicory may have potential as a Ni index plant. Chicory and dogfennel may have potential as V index plants. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99163. GODOLL UNIV AGR FAC,COLL AGR,H-4401 NYIREGYHAZA,HUNGARY. UNIV GEORGIA,SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29802. NR 52 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 1996 VL 182 IS 2 BP 199 EP 207 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA VW631 UT WOS:A1996VW63100003 ER PT J AU Wullschleger, SD Hanson, PJ Edwards, GS AF Wullschleger, SD Hanson, PJ Edwards, GS TI Growth and maintenance respiration in leaves of northern red oak seedlings and mature trees after 3 years of ozone exposure SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Quercus rubra; air pollution; oxidative stress; photosynthesis; respiratory metabolism ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; DARK RESPIRATION; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; AIR-POLLUTION; PINUS-TAEDA; WHITE-PINE; FIELD; AMBIENT; ALLOCATION AB A two-component model of growth and maintenance respiration is used to study the response of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings and 32-year-old trees to subambient (10 mu mol h; cumulative dose based on 7 h daily mean), ambient (43 mu mol h), and twice-ambient (85 mu mol h) ozone, The relative growth rates (RGR) of leaves sampled from seedlings and trees were similar across treatments, as were specific leaf respiration rates (SRR). Growth coefficients estimated from the SRR versus RGR relationship averaged 25.3 mol CO2 kg(-1) leaf dry mass produced for seedlings and 21.5 mol kg(-1) for trees, Maintenance coefficients ranged from 0.89 to 1.07 mol CO2 kg(-1) leaf dry mass d(-1) for seedlings and from 0.64 to 0.84 mol kg(-1) d(-1) for trees, Neither coefficient was affected by ozone, Leaves sampled throughout the growing season also showed little response of respiration to ozone, This occurred despite a 30% reduction in net photosynthesis for trees grown at twice-ambient ozone, These results suggest that growth and maintenance respiration in young northern red oak leaves are not affected by ozone and that in older leaves injury can occur without a parallel increase in so-called 'maintenance' respiration. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,COOPERAT FOREST STUDIES PROGRAM,TVA FORESTRY PROGRAM,NORRIS,TN 37828. RP Wullschleger, SD (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446 NR 39 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 19 IS 5 BP 577 EP 584 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00391.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UL148 UT WOS:A1996UL14800009 ER PT J AU Nobel, PS Israel, AA Wang, N AF Nobel, PS Israel, AA Wang, N TI Growth, CO2 uptake, and responses of the carboxylating enzymes to inorganic carbon in two highly productive CAM species at current and doubled CO2 concentrations SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Agavaceae; Cactaceae; Crassulacean acid metabolism; PEPCase; productivity; Rubisco ID CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM; ELEVATED CO2; AGAVE-VILMORINIANA; WATER-STRESS; PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DIOXIDE; TERM AB In Agave salmiana Otto ex Salm. var. salmiana grown for 41/2 months in open-top chambers, 55% more leaves unfolded and 52% more fresh mass was produced at 730 than at 370 mu mol CO2 mol(-1). A doubling of the CO2 concentration also stimulated growth in another highly productive CAM species, Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller, leading to earlier initiation and 37% more daughter cladodes. Substantial net CO2 uptake occurred earlier in the afternoon and lasted longer through the night for A, salmiana at 730 than at 370 mu mol CO2 mol(-1), resulting in 59% more total daily net CO2 uptake, The Michaelis constant (HCO3-) for PEPCase was 15% lower for A, salmiana and 44% lower for O. ficus-indica when the CO2 concentration was doubled; the percentage of Rubisco in the activated state in vivo was on average 64% higher at the doubled CO2 concentration, Thus the substantial increases in net CO2 uptake and biomass production that occurred in these two CAM species when the ambient CO2 concentration was doubled resulted mainly from higher inorganic carbon levels for their carboxylating enzymes, a greater substrate affinity for PEPCase, and a greater percentage of Rubisco in the activated state. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT BIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP Nobel, PS (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DOE LAB,900 VET AVE,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 19 IS 5 BP 585 EP 592 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00392.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UL148 UT WOS:A1996UL14800010 ER PT J AU Huang, SR McDowell, JM Weise, MJ Meagher, RB AF Huang, SR McDowell, JM Weise, MJ Meagher, RB TI The Arabidopsis profilin gene family - Evidence for an ancient split between constitutive and pollen-specific profilin genes SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIN-BINDING PROTEINS; PHOSPHOLIPASE-C; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; ISOFORMS; MUSCLE; CELLS; CYTOSKELETON; PURIFICATION; MECHANISMS AB Profilin is a ubiquitous eukaryotic protein that regulates the actin cytoskeleton and recently has been identified as a potent allergen in pollen. We examined the profilin gene family in the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, and found that it contained approximately 8 to 10 members. Four distinct profilin sequences, three cDNAs, PRF1, PRF2, and PRF3, and two genomic clones, PRF1 and PRF4, were isolated and characterized. These genes encoded four distinct profilin isoforms of 131 to 134 amino acids. Northern and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that Arabidopsis PRF1 was expressed in all major plant organs, whereas PRF4 was specifically expressed in mature pollen. Gene trees constructed from amino acid sequence data revealed the presence of two ancient, distinct profilin gene classes in plants. PRF4 was in a class with previously identified pollen-specific profilins from monocot and dicot species. PRF1, PRF2, PRF3, and a distant dicot sequence formed a separate novel class, suggesting an ancient separation of plant profilins based on regulation and perhaps function. The coevolution of plant actin and profilin classes with similar patterns of expression is discussed. The similarity of plant, fungal, protist, insect, and nematode profilins and their extreme divergence from the vertebrate profilins has striking implications for the evolution of fungal-spore- and plant-pollen-profilins as allergens. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT GENET,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. OI McDowell, John/0000-0002-9070-4874 NR 54 TC 92 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 111 IS 1 BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.1104/pp.111.1.115 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UK843 UT WOS:A1996UK84300012 PM 8685262 ER PT J AU Talvard, M Bell, RE Bernabei, S Kaye, S Okabayashi, M Sesnic, S vonGoeler, S AF Talvard, M Bell, RE Bernabei, S Kaye, S Okabayashi, M Sesnic, S vonGoeler, S TI Role of MHD activity in LH-assisted discharges in the PBX-M tokamak SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID DRIVEN AB A database for the 1993 run period of PBX-M has been documented (i), to investigate whether it was possible to forecast the development of MHD instabilities often observed in LH-assisted discharges and (ii), to detail the origin, the nature and the effects of those instabilities. The deposition radius of the RF current, the plasma internal inductance and the LH power are used to separate MHD active and quiescent regimes prior to the MHD onset. 1/1, 2/1, 3/1 global modes driven by the m = 2, n = 1 component are observed in discharges with LHCD. The destabilization is attributed to an increase of the current density gradient within the q = 2 surface. MHD fluctuations reduce the soft X-ray and hard X-ray intensities mainly around the RF current deposition radius. Minor disruptions with large inversion radius and mode locking are analysed. A possible precursor to the MHD is evidenced on the hard X-ray horizontal profiles. A resonance between fast trapped electrons and turbulent waves present in the background plasma is proposed to support the observations. C1 CTR ETUD CADARACHE,CEA FUS,EURATOM ASSOC,F-13108 ST PAUL DURANCE,FRANCE. RP Talvard, M (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,POB 451,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD MAY PY 1996 VL 38 IS 5 BP 705 EP 721 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/38/5/006 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UT543 UT WOS:A1996UT54300006 ER PT J AU Taylor, G LeBlanc, B Murakami, M Phillips, CK Wilson, JR Bell, MG Budny, RV Bush, CE Chang, Z Darrow, D Ernst, DR Fredrickson, E Hanson, G Janos, A Johnson, LC Majeski, R Park, HK Rasmussen, DA Rogers, JH Schilling, G Synakowski, E Wilgen, J AF Taylor, G LeBlanc, B Murakami, M Phillips, CK Wilson, JR Bell, MG Budny, RV Bush, CE Chang, Z Darrow, D Ernst, DR Fredrickson, E Hanson, G Janos, A Johnson, LC Majeski, R Park, HK Rasmussen, DA Rogers, JH Schilling, G Synakowski, E Wilgen, J TI ICRF heating of TFTR plasmas fuelled by deuterium-tritium neutral beam injection SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID FUSION TEST REACTOR; TOKAMAKS; INTERFEROMETER; CONFINEMENT; CYCLOTRON AB Experiments to heat D-T plasmas with ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) waves have been conducted for the first time on the tokamak fusion test reactor (TFTR) (Wilson er al 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 842). Experiments were performed with full-bore (R similar to 2.62 m) discharges in the low recycling, neutral-beam-heated supershot (Strachan et al 1987 Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 1004) regime with global energy confinement times exceeding twice the empirical L-mode value, Up to 5.9 MW of 43 MHz ICRF power was coupled into plasmas fuelled and heated by 18-24 MW of 100 keV D-T neutral beam injection. The fraction of neutral beam power in tritium was varied from 14% to 100% and the toroidal magnetic field was scanned to move the second harmonic tritium (2 Omega(T)) layer across the plasma magnetic axis. With the 2 Omega(T) layer on axis, the central ion temperature was increased from approximately 25 to 33 keV when 5.5 MW of ICRF power was added to a plasma fuelled and heated by 13.5 MW of T and 10 MW of D neutral beam injection. Up to 60% of the ICRF power was absorbed via 2 Omega(T) ion heating within the core of a plasma with reactor-relevant parameters. Amplitude-modulated ICRF power was used to measure RF power absorption directly. The results were consistent with models used to predict the performance of ICRF heating scenarios in future machines, such as the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER). Despite extensive plasma conditioning, assisted by neutral beam heating and lithium pellet injection, many discharges were characterized by a degradation in performance and reactivity early in the neutral beam pulse. The degradation resulted from enhanced recycling of impurities and deuterium from the carbon the limiters. The proximity of the outboard limiter exacerbated attempts to limit this enhanced influx. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37830 USA. MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. RP Taylor, G (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV, PLASMA PHYS LAB, POB 451, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 USA. RI Ernst, Darin/A-1487-2010 OI Ernst, Darin/0000-0002-9577-2809 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD MAY PY 1996 VL 38 IS 5 BP 723 EP 750 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/38/5/007 PG 28 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA UT543 UT WOS:A1996UT54300007 ER PT J AU Bonivert, WD Cushnie, G AF Bonivert, WD Cushnie, G TI The basics on how to use the National Metal Finishing Resource Center SO PLATING AND SURFACE FINISHING LA English DT News Item C1 CAI ENGN,OAKTON,VA 22124. RP Bonivert, WD (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,M-S 9404,BOX 969,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ELECTROPLATERS SOC INC PI ORLANDO PA 12644 RESEARCH PKWY, ORLANDO, FL 32826-3298 SN 0360-3164 J9 PLAT SURF FINISH JI Plat. Surf. Finish. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 83 IS 5 BP 111 EP 113 PG 3 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA UH971 UT WOS:A1996UH97100003 ER PT J AU Sassi, AP Shaw, AJ Han, SM Blanch, HW Prausnitz, JM AF Sassi, AP Shaw, AJ Han, SM Blanch, HW Prausnitz, JM TI Partitioning of proteins and small biomolecules in temperature- and pH-sensitive hydrogels SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE partitioning; hydrogel; protein ID SOFT CONTACT-LENSES; ISOELECTRIC POINTS; TEAR PROTEINS; ADSORPTION; TABLE; GELS AB Experimental partition coefficients were measured for the distribution of selected proteins and small biomolecules between aqueous, buffered solutions and hydrogels. Temperature-sensitive hydrogels were prepared by polymerizing N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) alone and by copolymerizing NIPA and a charged monomer. Temperature- and pH-sensitive hydrogels were prepared by copolymerizing NIPA with weakly acidic and/or weakly basic monomers. The effects of temperature, pH and ionic strength on partitioning were investigated. In general, protein partition coefficients ranged from 0 to 10 in buffers on 0.1 M ionic strength. pH had a significant effect on the partition coefficient for a protein into a weakly ionizable polyelectrolyte gel even at this ionic strength. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 26 TC 56 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2151 EP 2164 DI 10.1016/0032-3861(96)85860-5 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA UN323 UT WOS:A1996UN32300015 ER PT J AU Ontko, JS AF Ontko, JS TI Cyclone separator scaling revisited SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cyclone separator; scaling; similarity AB It is customary to assume cyclone separator fractional efficiency is independent of the mass distribution of the incoming dust. To test this hypothesis and to clarify the role of other variables known to influence cyclone performance, an experimental investigation of cyclone scaling using response surface techniques was undertaken. Both the overall collection efficiency and dimensionless pressure drop were found to be smooth, well-estimated functions of the Reynolds number, the dust loading, and their interaction over the experimental region, demonstrating that the effects of these variables must be studied concurrently. A simple similarity condition for fractional efficiency expressed in terms of the inlet distribution is proposed and experimentally confirmed. Both local reduction in overall efficiency with increased loading and unclassified particle collection, that is, collection independent of particle size, were observed experimentally and were described in a natural way using the present approach. RP Ontko, JS (reprint author), US DOE,MORGANTOWN ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,POB 880,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0032-5910 J9 POWDER TECHNOL JI Powder Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 87 IS 2 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1016/0032-5910(95)03085-9 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA UR063 UT WOS:A1996UR06300001 ER PT J AU Daniels, RC AF Daniels, RC TI An innovative method of model integration to forecast spatial patterns of shoreline change: A case study of Nags Head, North Carolina SO PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHER LA English DT Article DE coastal zone management; climate change; model integration; sea level rise; shoreline mapping ID SEA-LEVEL; PROFILE; CLIMATE; RISE AB Many coastal erosion models are designed to be used at transects or discrete points bur they produce valid results only for locations that meet a set of well-defined criteria. Results obtained from these models are difficult to generalize, since adjoining areas may not meet these requirements. In this paper, a GIS-based methodology is described for combining the results from two two-dimensional coastal erosion models and a three-dimensional static inundation model to forecast the possible response of a coastline to several alternative sea level rise scenarios. These shoreline forecasts are unique in that they Integrate results obtained from several different models and allow graphical representations of these alternative future shorelines to be produced. Coastal planners may use these integrated shoreline forecasts to assess the possible impact of sea level rise on a given region. To demonstrate this methodology a case study was conducted for Nags Head, North Carolina. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,CARBON DIOXIDE INFORMAT ANAL CTR,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Daniels, RC (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,ENERGY ENVIRONM & RESOURCES CTR,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02148-5023 SN 0033-0124 J9 PROF GEOGR JI Prof. Geogr. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 48 IS 2 BP 195 EP 209 DI 10.1111/j.0033-0124.1996.00195.x PG 15 WC Geography SC Geography GA UF718 UT WOS:A1996UF71800006 ER PT J AU Niles, DW Li, XN Albin, D Rose, D Gessert, T Sheldon, P AF Niles, DW Li, XN Albin, D Rose, D Gessert, T Sheldon, P TI Evaporated Te on CdTe: A vacuum-compatible approach to making back contact to CdTe solar cell devices SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article AB A commonly used process for forming low-resistance contacts to thin-film p-type CdTe involves the formation of a Te layer by etching the CdTe film in a concentrated mixture of nitric and phosphoric acids, The authors compare evaporated Te back contacts with 'control' back contacts formed by the usual etching process, and demonstrate that evaporating Te onto a CdTe thin film is a viable process for forming a low-resistance contact, The best efficiency achieved for a CdTe solar cell made with an evaporated Te back contact is 12.1%, whereas the efficiency of the device made with the control back contact was 11.9%, The evaporation process offers numerous advantages over acid etching, most notably vacuum compatibility amenable to large-scale production of CdTe solar cell modules. RP Niles, DW (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 4 IS 3 BP 225 EP 229 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-159X(199605/06)4:3<225::AID-PIP122>3.0.CO;2-6 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA UX006 UT WOS:A1996UX00600004 ER PT J AU Fischer, D Eisenberg, D AF Fischer, D Eisenberg, D TI Protein fold recognition using sequence-derived predictions SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fold-recognition performance assessment benchmark; protein fold recognition; secondary structure prediction ID ACID SUBSTITUTION MATRICES; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; DATA-BANK; IDENTIFICATION; PROFILES; SEARCH AB In protein fold recognition, one assigns a probe amino acid sequence of unknown structure to one of a library of target 3D structures. Correct assignment depends on effective scoring of the probe sequence for its compatibility with each of the target structures. Here we show that, in addition to the amino acid sequence of the probe, sequence-derived properties of the probe sequence (such as the predicted secondary structure) are useful in fold assignment. The additional measure of compatibility between probe and target is the level of agreement between the predicted secondary structure of the probe and the known secondary structure of the target fold. That is, we recommend a sequence-structure compatibility function that combines previously developed compatibility functions (such as the 3D-1D scores of Bowie et al. [1991] or sequence-sequence replacement tables) with the predicted secondary structure of the probe sequence. The effect on fold assignment of adding predicted secondary structure is evaluated here by using a benchmark set of proteins (Fischer et al., 1996a). The 3D structures of the probe sequences of the benchmark are actually known, but are ignored by our method. The results show that the inclusion of the predicted secondary structure improves fold assignment by about 25%. The results also show that, if the true secondary structure of the probe were known, correct fold assignment would increase by an additional 8-32%. We conclude that incorporating sequence-derived predictions significantly improves assignment of sequences to known 3D folds. Finally, we apply the new method to assign folds to sequences in the SWISSPROT database; six fold assignments are given that are not detectable by standard sequence-sequence comparison methods; for two of these, the fold is known from X-ray crystallography and the fold assignment is correct. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, INST MOLEC BIOL, UCLA DOE LAB STRUCT BIOL & MOLEC MED, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095 USA. NR 34 TC 269 Z9 277 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0961-8368 EI 1469-896X J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 5 IS 5 BP 947 EP 955 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA UH925 UT WOS:A1996UH92500016 PM 8732766 ER PT J AU Fincke, JR AF Fincke, JR TI Advanced diagnostic techniques for thermal plasmas SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry CY AUG 21-26, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem, Phys Chem Div, Amer Phys Soc ID TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; GAS AB Characterization of high power plasma devices and processes requires the direct measurement of heavy particle temperature, electron temperature, electron number density, plasma velocity, and composition. Traditional diagnostic techniques, such as emission spectroscopy, which rely on the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium are questionable at best for high velocity flow fields. Because of nonequilibrium and demixing effects, direct measurements which do not rely on assumptions of local thermodynamic equilibrium or composition are necessary. RP Fincke, JR (reprint author), IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 68 IS 5 BP 1001 EP 1006 DI 10.1351/pac199668051001 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA UV437 UT WOS:A1996UV43700001 ER PT J AU Penetrante, BM Hsiao, MC Bardsley, JN Merritt, BT Vogtlin, GE Wallman, PH Kuthi, A Burkhart, CP Bayless, JR AF Penetrante, BM Hsiao, MC Bardsley, JN Merritt, BT Vogtlin, GE Wallman, PH Kuthi, A Burkhart, CP Bayless, JR TI Electron beam and pulsed corona processing of volatile organic compounds in gas streams SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry CY AUG 21-26, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem, Phys Chem Div, Amer Phys Soc AB This paper presents experimental results on non-thermal plasma processing of atmospheric-pressure gas streams containing dilute concentrations of various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This investigation used a compact electron beam reactor and a pulsed corona reactor to study the effects of background gas composition and gas temperature on the decomposition chemistry and electrical energy efficiency. The electrical energy consumption is characterized for the decomposition of a variety of VOCs, including carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, benzene, acetone and methanol. For most of the VOCs investigated, electron beam processing is more energy efficient than pulsed corona processing. For VOCs (such as carbon tetrachloride) that require copious amounts of electrons for its decomposition, electron beam processing is remarkably more energy efficient. For some VOCs the decomposition process is limited by their reaction rate with the plasma-produced radicals and/or by the occurrence of back reactions. In these cases, the energy consumption can be minimized by operating at high (but non-combusting) temperatures. C1 FIRST POINT SCI INC,AGOURA HILLS,CA 91301. RP Penetrante, BM (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 5 TC 65 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 68 IS 5 BP 1083 EP 1087 DI 10.1351/pac199668051083 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA UV437 UT WOS:A1996UV43700015 ER PT J AU Catalano, A Brown, H AF Catalano, A Brown, H TI Run silent, run clean with thermophotovoltaic power SO R&D MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 NREL,PHOTOVOLTAIC DIV,GOLDEN,CO. TECHNOL ASSESSMENT GRP,BOULDER,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAHNERS-DENVER PUBLISHING CO PI HIGHLANDS RANCH PA 8773 S RIDGELINE BLVD, HIGHLANDS RANCH, CO 80126-2329 SN 0746-9179 J9 R&D MAG JI R D Mag. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 38 IS 6 BP 47 EP 48 PG 2 WC Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA UL897 UT WOS:A1996UL89700010 ER PT J AU Mayes, RW Beresford, NA Howard, BJ Vandecasteele, CM Stakelum, G AF Mayes, RW Beresford, NA Howard, BJ Vandecasteele, CM Stakelum, G TI Use of the true absorption coefficient as a measure of bioavailability of radiocaesium in ruminants SO RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; ISOTOPE TECHNIQUE; RADIOCESIUM; MILK; SHEEP; CS-137; ENVIRONMENT; CHERNOBYL; ANIMALS AB Limitations ed existing methods to describe the bioavailability of dietary radionuclides to ruminants (the transfer coefficient and apparent absorption coefficient) have led to the alternative suggestion of using the true absorption coefficient (A(t)). Various approaches to estimating A(t) for radiocaesium, involving the intravenous administration of a second isotope, are presented and discussed with reference to results from studies in which a range of radiocaesium sources were examined in sheep. Although estimates of A(t) differed between the sources, they were reasonably consistent between measurement techniques. Those methods which involved the estimation of endogenous faecal excretion of radiocaesium could be used with previously contaminated animals and did not require continuous administrations of radiocaesium isotopes, but gave unreliable results for sources of low bioavailability. Methods based on estimating the turnover rate of dietary radiocaesium through blood plasma were sufficiently sensitive to measure A(t) for the range of sources studied. However, they require previously uncontaminated animals and continuous administration of both isotopes for approximately 7 days. Bioavailability is more effectively measured as A, than as the transfer or apparent absorption coefficients since A(t) does not incorporate factors relating to the metabolism of radiocaesium in the tissues of the animal. The results of these studies show that differences in transfer coefficients between sheep, and cattle and between sheep of differing ages are not due to variation in absorption across the gut. The potential for applying these approaches to other radioactive elements is discussed. C1 INST TERR ECOL,MERLEWOOD RES STN,GRANGE SANDS LA11 6JU,CUMBRIA,ENGLAND. CEN SCK,B-2400 MOL,BELGIUM. TEAGASC,AGR & FOOD DEV AUTHOR,MOOREPK RES CTR,FERMOY,CORK,IRELAND. RP Mayes, RW (reprint author), MACAULAY LAND USE RES INST,ABERDEEN AB15 8QH,SCOTLAND. RI Howard, Brenda/I-8279-2012; Beresford, Nicholas/I-6188-2012 OI Howard, Brenda/0000-0002-9698-9524; NR 44 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0301-634X J9 RADIAT ENVIRON BIOPH JI Radiat. Environ. Biophys. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 35 IS 2 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1007/s004110050016 PG 9 WC Biology; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UQ108 UT WOS:A1996UQ10800007 PM 8792457 ER PT J AU Raju, MR Schillaci, ME Carpenter, SG Goodhead, DT Ward, JF AF Raju, MR Schillaci, ME Carpenter, SG Goodhead, DT Ward, JF TI Radiobiology of ultrasoft X rays .5. Modification of cell inactivation by dimethyl sulfoxide SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRACK STRUCTURE-ANALYSIS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; CHEMICAL RADIOPROTECTION; IONIZING-RADIATION; DAMAGE AB The effects of the radioprotector dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were investigated for carbon-K (0.28 keV) and aluminum-K (1.47 keV) X rays compared with Co-60 gamma rays for inactivation of mouse C3H 10T1/2 cells. The protection factor for 2 M DMSO was found to be 2.8 for both of the ultrasoft X-ray energies, which is not significantly different from the protection factor of 2.6 found for gamma rays. The results indicate that the proportion of scavengeable lethal damage from gamma and X rays does not depend on the proportion of the total energy that is deposited by low-energy electrons of relatively high ionization density. (C) 1996 by Radiation Research Society C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. MRC,RADIOBIOL UNIT,DIDCOT OX11 0RD,OXON,ENGLAND. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT RADIOL 0610,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 145 IS 5 BP 563 EP 567 DI 10.2307/3579274 PG 5 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UH191 UT WOS:A1996UH19100005 PM 8619021 ER PT J AU Nelson, JM Brooks, AL Metting, NF Khan, MA Buschbom, RL Duncan, A Miick, R Braby, LA AF Nelson, JM Brooks, AL Metting, NF Khan, MA Buschbom, RL Duncan, A Miick, R Braby, LA TI Clastogenic effects of defined numbers of 3.2 MeV alpha particles on individual CHO-K1 cells SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; INVITRO IRRADIATION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; MICRONUCLEI; INDUCTION; RADIATION; DAMAGE; TRANSFORMATION AB Research to determine the effects of defined numbers of or particles on individual mammalian cells is helpful in understanding risks associated with exposure to radon. This paper reports the first biological data generated using the single-particle/single-cell irradiation system developed at Pacific Northwest Laboratory. Using this apparatus, CHO-K1 cells were exposed to controlled numbers of 3.2 MeV alpha particles, and biological responses of individual cells to these irradiations were quantified. Chromosomal damage, measured by the induction of micronuclei, was evaluated after no, one, two, three or five particle traversals. Exposures of up to five alpha particles had no influence on the total numbers of cells recovered for scoring. With increased numbers of alpha particles there was a decrease in the ratio of binucleated to mononucleated cells of 3.5%/hit, suggesting that alpha particles induced dose-dependent mitotic delay. A linear hit-response relationship was observed for micronucleus induction: Micronuclei/binucleated cell = 0.013 +/- 0.036 + (0.08 +/- 0.013) x D, where D is the number of particles. When the estimated dose per alpha-particle traversal was related to the frequency of induced micronuclei, the amount of chromosomal damage per unit dose was found to be similar to that resulting from exposures to alpha particles from other types of sources. Approximately 72% of the cells exposed to five a particles yield no micronuclei, suggesting the potential for differential sensitivity in the cell population. Additional studies are needed to control biological variables such as stage of the cell cycle and physical parameters to ensure that each cell scored received the same number of nuclear traversals. (C) 1996 by Radiation Research Society C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, LIFE SCI CTR, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 37 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 2 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 145 IS 5 BP 568 EP 574 DI 10.2307/3579275 PG 7 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UH191 UT WOS:A1996UH19100006 PM 8619022 ER PT J AU Halpern, HJ Yu, C Peric, M Barth, ED Karczmar, GS River, JN Grdina, DJ Teicher, BA AF Halpern, HJ Yu, C Peric, M Barth, ED Karczmar, GS River, JN Grdina, DJ Teicher, BA TI Measurement of differences in pO(2) in response to perfluorocarbon carbogen in FSa and NFSa murine fibrosarcomas with low-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SPIN LABEL; TUMOR RADIOSENSITIVITY; INVIVO MEASUREMENTS; RADIATION RESPONSE; HYPOXIC CELLS; OXYGEN; SENSITIVITY; MISONIDAZOLE; SPECTROSCOPY; PARAMETERS AB We have used very low-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry to measure the change in oxygen concentration (Delta pO(2)) due to change in breathing atmosphere in FSa and NFSa fibrosarcomas implanted in the legs of C3H mice infused with perfluoro-octylbromine (PFOB). Measurements in each tumor were made before and after the administration of the high-density (47% v/v) perfluorocarbon PFOB, perflubron (Alliance pharmaceutical Corporation, San Diego, CA). Measurements in each tumor were also made, after the administration of the PFOB, both before (PFOB/air) and after the administration of carbogen (95% O-2 + 5% CO2, PFOB/carbogen). Large changes (Delta pO(2)) relative to PFOB/air oxygenation were seen with the administration of PFOB/carbogen. No significant difference in oxygen concentration was seen between air-breathing mice with and without PFOB. The mean Delta pO(2) for FSa tumors was 13 +/- 6 torr, while the mean for NFSa fibrosarcomas was 28 +/- 7 torr. There were such large intertumor differences that the trend toward a smaller change in the more hypoxic FSa tumors was not significant (P = 0.13). This paper describes a novel method of measuring differences in oxygenation in tumor tissues. The results of such measurements indicate large differences in pO(2) response to different breathing atmospheres in PFOB-infused tumors of similar histology. The intertumor Delta pO(2) differences may correlate with differences in radiation response. (C) 1996 by Radiation Research Society C1 UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT RADIOL,CHICAGO,IL 60637. ARGONNE NATL LAB,CTR MECHANIST BIOL & BIOTECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439. DANA FARBER CANC INST,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP Halpern, HJ (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT RADIAT & CELLULAR ONCOL,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-50679, CA-66132] NR 41 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 145 IS 5 BP 610 EP 618 DI 10.2307/3579280 PG 9 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UH191 UT WOS:A1996UH19100011 PM 8619027 ER PT J AU Schillaci, ME AF Schillaci, ME TI Effects of low doses and low dose rates of external ionizing radiation: Cancer mortality among nuclear industry workers in three countries - Comments SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Letter RP Schillaci, ME (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,RADIAT PROTECT POLICY & PROGRAM ANAL GRP,ESH-12,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 145 IS 5 BP 647 EP 648 DI 10.2307/3579287 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UH191 UT WOS:A1996UH19100018 PM 8619034 ER PT J AU Cardis, E Gilbert, ES Carpenter, L Howe, G AF Cardis, E Gilbert, ES Carpenter, L Howe, G TI Effects of low doses and low dose rates of external ionizing radiation: Cancer mortality among nuclear industry workers in three countries - Response SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RADCLIFFE INFIRM, DEPT PUBL HLTH & PRIMARY CARE, OXFORD OX2 6HE, ENGLAND. COLUMBIA UNIV, SCH PUBL HLTH, DIV EPIDEMIOL, NEW YORK, NY 10032 USA. RP Cardis, E (reprint author), INT AGCY RES CANC, 150 COURS ALBERT THOMAS, F-69372 LYON 08, FRANCE. RI Cardis, Elisabeth/C-3904-2017 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 145 IS 5 BP 648 EP 649 DI 10.2307/3579289 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UH191 UT WOS:A1996UH19100020 ER PT J AU Smith, DA Holden, DN AF Smith, DA Holden, DN TI Ground-based observations of subionospheric pulse pairs SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB We have developed a unique multiple-channel subband system to detect and record broadband electromagnetic transient events in carrier-dominated radio environments. Between May and September of 1994 we used this system to detect and record over six thousand transient radio frequency events in the band from 3 to 30 MHz. Approximately 500 of the events have been characterized as paired bursts of radio noise with individual burst durations of 4 to 10 mu s and separations between the bursts of 5 to 160 mu s. The paired transients are typically 5 to 40; dB brighter than the background electromagnetic spectrum between carrier signals. We have termed these events subionospheric pulse pairs (SIPPs) and presently have no explanation as to their source. Our observations of SIPPs resemble observations of transionospheric pulse pairs (TIPPs) recorded by the Blackbeard instrument on the ALEXIS satellite; the source of TIPP events is also unknown. Most SIPPs do not exhibit dispersion, implying groundwave (line-of-sight) propagation; but seven of the pairs exhibit dispersion characteristic of ionospheric skywave propagation. For our experimental configuration the maximum line-of-sight observation range for radio propagation extends to 300 km for a source at an altitude of 5 km and 520 km for a source at 15 km. Refraction from the ionosphere may allow HF skywave radiation to propagate around the globe. Information about the times and locations of sources, in conjunction with regional weather maps and computer models of ionospheric propagation, suggests that some SIPP events originate in the vicinity of large-scale thunderstorm complexes. RP Smith, DA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,SPACE & ATMOSPHER SCI GRP,MAIL STOP D466,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3 BP 553 EP 571 DI 10.1029/96RS00007 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA UN195 UT WOS:A1996UN19500009 ER PT J AU Rannels, JE AF Rannels, JE TI The US PV program: Now and the year 2000 SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Renewable Energy Congress - Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and the Environment CY JUN 15-21, 1996 CL DENVER, CO DE photovoltaic; future; research and development; federal investment; programming; United States Department of Energy; budget AB There will be a vigorous U.S. Photovoltaic (PV) program in 2000, despite the current turmoil and debate over the size and legitimate role of nearly every aspect of the Federal government. There are two fundamental reasons why there will still be an active Federal role in PV development in the 21st century. First, as the program and technology have progressed, the environmental and job creation potential of the PV industry are increasingly recognized as important to the nation's future. Second, Federal investment in research and development is necessary to counteract the private sector's tendency to under-invest in research and development. What will change is the emphasis and role of the Federal PV program, because the PV industry is changing. The U.S. government is no longer the principal customer of the PV industry, and research and development is more of an equal partnership between government and industry compared to 1974, when the terrestrial PV research program began. Today, industry revenues and markets are continuing to grow, while Federal R&D investments will remain relatively stable or contract between then and now. From 1994 to 1995 PV sales increased over 21 percent, from 70 MW to 84 MW, and are expected to continue along this trend. In contrast, from FY95 to FY96, the U.S. PV research budget dropped by roughly 31%. In spite of changes in the relative size of government and industry resources, the PV Program's strategic focus on technology validation, market conditioning, and joint ventures will continue into the year 2000 and beyond, but the relative share of resources and leadership in key areas will continue to shift toward industry. RP Rannels, JE (reprint author), US DOE,OFF UTIL TECHNOL,1000 INDEPENDENCE AVE,WASHINGTON,DC 20585, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD MAY-AUG PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1-4 BP 72 EP 76 DI 10.1016/0960-1481(96)88823-9 PG 5 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA UW563 UT WOS:A1996UW56300015 ER PT J AU Sherman, M Levin, H AF Sherman, M Levin, H TI Renewables in ventilation and indoor air quality SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Renewable Energy Congress - Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and the Environment CY JUN 15-21, 1996 CL DENVER, CO C1 HAL LEVIN & ASSOCIATES,SANTA CRUZ,CA. RP Sherman, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV ENERGY & ENVIRONM,INDOOR ENVIRONM PROGRAM,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD MAY-AUG PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1-4 BP 236 EP 240 DI 10.1016/0960-1481(96)88854-9 PG 5 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA UW563 UT WOS:A1996UW56300046 ER PT J AU Maepa, LHN Norman, A Singh, H Leitch, AWR Darkazalli, G Slavsky, ST vanDyk, EE McConnell, RD AF Maepa, LHN Norman, A Singh, H Leitch, AWR Darkazalli, G Slavsky, ST vanDyk, EE McConnell, RD TI Benefits of Suncorp, a new photovoltaic module assembly company in South Africa SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Renewable Energy Congress - Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and the Environment CY JUN 15-21, 1996 CL DENVER, CO DE photovoltaics; silicon; manufacturing; economics; jobs; environmental benefits; Suncorp; South Africa AB This paper reports on the establishment of a black-owned photovoltaic (PV) module assembly plant, Suncorp Manufacturing, in South Africa. The project, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), has been implemented by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) through a team effort involving Spire Corporation, the University of Port Elizabeth (UPE), Renaissance Management (Pry) Ltd., Vulindlela Bulatsela Corporation (Pty) Ltd., AEG (Pty) Ltd. and ASE Americas, Inc. The team's goal nas to set up the manufacturing facility and give support during the start-up phase. The paper describes the team members' contributions toward this goal, It also discusses the long-term benefits related to South African Jobs, U.S. jobs, cost savings, and avoidance of greenhouse gas emissions. C1 RENAISSANCE MANAGEMENT PTY LTD,SANDTON 2146,SOUTH AFRICA. SUNCORP MFG & AEG,JOHANNESBURG 2000,SOUTH AFRICA. UNIV PORT ELIZABETH,DEPT PHYS,PORT ELIZABETH 6000,SOUTH AFRICA. SPIRE CORP,BEDFORD,MA 01730. ASE AMERICAS INC,BILLERICA,MA 01821. NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. RP Maepa, LHN (reprint author), SUNCORP HOLDINGS PTY LTD,POB 784705,SANDTON 2146,SOUTH AFRICA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD MAY-AUG PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1-4 BP 344 EP 347 PG 4 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA UW563 UT WOS:A1996UW56300068 ER PT J AU Pern, FJ Glick, SH Czanderna, AW AF Pern, FJ Glick, SH Czanderna, AW TI EVA encapsulants for PV modules: Reliability issues and current R&D status at NREL SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Renewable Energy Congress - Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and the Environment CY JUN 15-21, 1996 CL DENVER, CO DE performance reliability; PV modules; EVA degradation mechanisms; discoloration factors; chemical mitigation; physical mitigation; PV encapsulation; service life prediction AB We briefly summarize ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) reliability issues and report our R&D results. These results include EVA degradation effects, discoloration factors, approaches to mitigate the EVA discoloration, improved photostability of modified EVA formulations, and plans to identify the best encapsulation schemes and to develop appropriate methodologies for predicting service life of PV modules. RP Pern, FJ (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,PHOTOVOLTA DIV,MEASUREMENTS & CHARACTERIZAT BRANCH,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD MAY-AUG PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1-4 BP 367 EP 370 DI 10.1016/0960-1481(96)88879-3 PG 4 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA UW563 UT WOS:A1996UW56300072 ER PT J AU Deb, SK AF Deb, SK TI Thin-film solar cells: An overview SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Renewable Energy Congress - Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and the Environment CY JUN 15-21, 1996 CL DENVER, CO DE thin films; solar cells; photovoltaics; amorphous silicon; copper indium diselenide alloys; cadmium telluride; thin silicon; gallium arsenide; titanium dioxide AB Thin-film solar cells offer the most promising options for substantially reducing the cost of photovoltaic systems. A multiplicity of options, in terms of materials and devices, are currently being developed worldwide. Some of the leading contenders are: amorphous and polycrystalline silicon, compound semiconductor thin films such as CuInSe2-based alloys, and CdTe thin-film solar cells. Enormous progress in device performance has been made in most of these technologies, and considerable effort is devoted to commercialization of these technologies. Exciting new developments are happening in some relatively new materials and devices. RP Deb, SK (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD MAY-AUG PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1-4 BP 375 EP 379 DI 10.1016/0960-1481(96)88881-1 PG 5 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA UW563 UT WOS:A1996UW56300074 ER PT J AU Soliman, MM Shabana, MM Abulfotuh, F AF Soliman, MM Shabana, MM Abulfotuh, F TI CdS/CdTe solar cell using sputtering technique SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Renewable Energy Congress - Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and the Environment CY JUN 15-21, 1996 CL DENVER, CO DE solar cell; cadmium telluride; II-VI compounds; sputtering; heterojunction; crystal structure; lifetime; spectral response ID CADMIUM TELLURIDE; CONTACTS AB Cadmium telluride films were deposited from a CdTe target using rf planar magnetron system on CdS/ITO/Glass substrates. The as grown films were polycrystalline and consisted of closepacked array of preferentially oriented single crystal grains. Chemical heat treatment using cadmium chloride was used to form the junction between cadmium sulphide and cadmium telluride layers. It also improves the structure of the sputtered CdTe film and the lifetime of carriers. C1 UNIV ALEXANDRIA,FAC ENGN,ALEXANDRIA,EGYPT. NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO. RP Soliman, MM (reprint author), UNIV ALEXANDRIA,INST GRAD STUDIES & RES,ALEXANDRIA,EGYPT. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD MAY-AUG PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1-4 BP 386 EP 389 DI 10.1016/0960-1481(96)88883-5 PG 4 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA UW563 UT WOS:A1996UW56300076 ER PT J AU Fernandez, AM Sebastian, PJ Hermann, AM Bhattacharya, RN Noufi, RN Contreras, MA AF Fernandez, AM Sebastian, PJ Hermann, AM Bhattacharya, RN Noufi, RN Contreras, MA TI Electrodeposition of CuInSe2 thin films for photovoltaic application SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Renewable Energy Congress - Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and the Environment CY JUN 15-21, 1996 CL DENVER, CO DE electrodeposition; thin films; solar cell; copper indium diselenide AB In this article, we report the preparation and characterization of CIS films by electrodeposition, employing the codeposition method as well as layer-by-layer deposition. The electrodeposited films were characterized using x-ray diffraction, SEM, EPMA. C1 UNIV COLORADO, DEPT PHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB, GOLDEN, CO 80401 USA. RP Fernandez, AM (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, IIM, LAB ENERGIA SOLAR, PHOTOVOLTA SYST GRP, TEMIXCO 62580, MORELOS, MEXICO. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD MAY-AUG PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1-4 BP 396 EP 399 DI 10.1016/0960-1481(96)88885-9 PG 4 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA UW563 UT WOS:A1996UW56300078 ER PT J AU Catalano, A AF Catalano, A TI Thermophotovoltaics: A new paradigm for power generation? SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Renewable Energy Congress - Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and the Environment CY JUN 15-21, 1996 CL DENVER, CO DE thermophotovoltaic systems; power generation; conversion efficiency; environmental benefits AB Thermophotovoltaic systems convert the radiant energy produced by fuel combustion directly into electricity. Such systems can potentially attain high overall conversion efficiencies. Because they may use renewable as well as fossil fuels, they permit a smooth pathway for an environmentally benign method of electrical energy generation. In this paper we examine the technology and the kind of performance that can be expected. RP Catalano, A (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD MAY-AUG PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1-4 BP 495 EP 499 DI 10.1016/0960-1481(96)88906-3 PG 5 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA UW563 UT WOS:A1996UW56300099 ER PT J AU Perelson, AS Hightower, R Forrest, S AF Perelson, AS Hightower, R Forrest, S TI Evolution and somatic learning in V-region genes SO RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT COMP SCI,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28433] NR 8 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2494 J9 RES IMMUNOL JI Res. Immunol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 147 IS 4 BP 202 EP 208 DI 10.1016/0923-2494(96)87221-X PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA VA747 UT WOS:A1996VA74700003 PM 8844896 ER PT J AU Salomons, GJ Singh, MA Gupta, JA Foran, WA Clarke, JR Capel, MS AF Salomons, GJ Singh, MA Gupta, JA Foran, WA Clarke, JR Capel, MS TI Apparatus for small angle x-ray scattering measurements of polymer deformation SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID IMPACT AB We present an apparatus which is capable of small-angle x-ray scattering studies of polymer deformation at strain rates ranging from 49.6 mu m/s to less than 0.033 mu m/s and temperatures ranging from room (approximate to 22 degrees C) to 120 degrees C. The system also includes a load cell for measuring the force applied to the sample and a symmetric stretching system to keep the sample centered in the x-ray beam. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Salomons, GJ (reprint author), QUEENS UNIV,DEPT PHYS,KINGSTON,ON K7L 3N6,CANADA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 67 IS 5 BP 1748 EP 1752 DI 10.1063/1.1146969 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA UK828 UT WOS:A1996UK82800008 ER PT J AU Cook, SR Hoffbauer, MA Cross, JB Wellenstein, H Fink, M AF Cook, SR Hoffbauer, MA Cross, JB Wellenstein, H Fink, M TI Specialized torsion balance designed to measure the absolute flux density of hyperthermal molecular beams containing reactive species SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB A torsion balance is described that has been used to measure the absolute flux density of seeded hyperthermal molecular beams containing reactive and/or condensable species with uncertainties of approximately +/-5%. The balance is ultrahigh-vacuum compatible and can be used in corrosive environments. A specially designed beam stop mounted on the torsion balance lever arm, traps the incoming beam and allows only completely thermalized molecules to exit. The thermalized molecules exit the beam stop in equal numbers per unit time in opposite directions, ensuring that the force exerted on the beam stop by the exiting molecules is zero. The balance was suspended from a 25-mu m-diam gold-coated tungsten wire that had a torsion constant of 6.04X10(-8) N m/rad and a period of slightly larger than 400 s. Absolute molecular beam flux density measurements were made using both the torsion balance and the effusive method for a variety of pure and seeded molecular beams. The beams were composed of gases that could easily be measured by the effusive method. Measured fluxes ranged from 2.41x10(15) mol/s cm(2) for a beam of CO seeded in H-2 to 1.25X10(17) mol/s cm(2) for a beam of pure H-2. A comparison of the two methods establishes the ability of the torsion balance to accurately measure the flux of molecular beams. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 BRANDEIS UNIV,DEPT PHYS,WALTHAM,MA 02254. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT PHYS,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP Cook, SR (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 67 IS 5 BP 1781 EP 1789 DI 10.1063/1.1146974 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA UK828 UT WOS:A1996UK82800013 ER PT J AU Mursic, Z Lee, MYM Johnson, DE Larese, JZ AF Mursic, Z Lee, MYM Johnson, DE Larese, JZ TI Computer-controlled apparatus for performing high-resolution adsorption isotherms SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID GRAPHITE; ARGON AB A high precision, computer-controlled adsorption isotherm apparatus has been constructed and used to investigate a variety of physisorbed systems. Suitable for absolute measurements, this apparatus features good vapor pressure resolution and outstanding temperature stability. The hallmark of the apparatus, however, is the graphical computer interface, written using the popular LABVIEW package, which offers a flexibility and ease-of-use not achieved in previous automated systems. This article will demonstrate the quality of data obtainable with this system, as well as the simplicity of operation afforded by the graphical interface. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 67 IS 5 BP 1886 EP 1890 DI 10.1063/1.1146993 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA UK828 UT WOS:A1996UK82800028 ER PT J AU Hayden, ME Hardy, WN AF Hayden, ME Hardy, WN TI Technique for measuring magnetic filling factors with applications to cryogenic magnetic resonance experiments SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE AB We describe a new cavity perturbation technique for accurate measurement of rf magnetic filling factors, which is especially relevant to cryogenic magnetic resonance experiments. The sample volume is filled with liquid O-2 Which perturbs both the magnetic and electric rf fields within the electromagnetic resonator or cavity. The electric perturbation is subsequently accounted for by replacing the liquid O-2 With liquid Ar which has nearly identical dielectric properties. The procedure may be refined using the dielectric properties of liquid N-2 whereby the depolarizing factor associated with the sample volume may be estimated. In contrast to conventional techniques, the method usually requires little or no modification of the magnetic resonance apparatus. An ancillary result of our work has been the determination of the paramagnetic loss tangent for liquid oxygen near 80 K at 1.4 and 5.3 GHz. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. RP LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DEPT CONDENSED MATTER & THERMAL PHYS, MAIL STOP K764, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 67 IS 5 BP 1905 EP 1911 DI 10.1063/1.1146967 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA UK828 UT WOS:A1996UK82800031 ER PT J AU Sorathia, U Lyon, R Gann, R Gritzo, L AF Sorathia, U Lyon, R Gann, R Gritzo, L TI Materials and fire threat SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 FAA,TECH CTR FIRE RES,ATLANTIC CITY INTL AIRPO,NJ. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Sorathia, U (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,CARDEROCK DIV,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 32 IS 3 BP 8 EP 15 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA WT384 UT WOS:A1996WT38400003 ER PT J AU Dini, JW AF Dini, JW TI Laser surface modification of electroplated, physically vapor deposited and plasma sprayed coatings SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID AISI-304 STAINLESS-STEEL; THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; AL-BASED ALLOY; FE-CR ALLOYS; MILD-STEEL; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; THIN-FILMS; ION-BEAM; ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; NICKEL OVERLAYERS AB Lasers are used to modify surface characteristics in order to improve properties for a variety of industrial applications. Typical surface alterations include: transformation hardening, melting, cladding, alloying, coating, and smoothing. This paper is a critical review that covers surface alloying. It concentrates on coatings applied by electroplating, plasma spraying or physical vapor deposition and the resultant properties obtained after laser treatment. In many cases, significant improvement in properties such as corrosion resistance, wear resistance, creep strength, porosity, and structure was noted after coatings were exposed to a laser treatment. RP Dini, JW (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 143 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 32 IS 3 BP 58 EP 72 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA WT384 UT WOS:A1996WT38400009 ER PT J AU Roelofs, H Schonfeld, B Kostorz, G Buhrer, W Robertson, JL Zschack, P Ice, GE AF Roelofs, H Schonfeld, B Kostorz, G Buhrer, W Robertson, JL Zschack, P Ice, GE TI Atomic and magnetic short-range order in Cu-17 at.% Mn SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID SPIN-GLASS; ALLOYS C1 PAUL SCHERRER INST,ETH ZURICH,LAB NEUTRONENSTREUUNG,CH-5303 WURENLINGEN,SWITZERLAND. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Roelofs, H (reprint author), ETH ZURICH,INST ANGEW PHYS,CH-8093 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RI kostorz, gernot/B-6489-2009 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1393 EP 1398 DI 10.1016/1359-6462(96)00010-3 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA UD557 UT WOS:A1996UD55700009 ER PT J AU Khaleel, MA Johnson, KI Lavender, CA Smith, MT Hamilton, CH AF Khaleel, MA Johnson, KI Lavender, CA Smith, MT Hamilton, CH TI Specimen geometry effect on the accuracy of constitutive relations in a superplastic 5083 aluminum alloy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP Khaleel, MA (reprint author), PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1417 EP 1423 DI 10.1016/1359-6462(95)00684-2 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA UD557 UT WOS:A1996UD55700013 ER PT J AU Ravi, R Sundaram, R Marathe, MV Rosenkrantz, DJ Ravi, SS AF Ravi, R Sundaram, R Marathe, MV Rosenkrantz, DJ Ravi, SS TI Spanning trees - Short or small SO SIAM JOURNAL ON DISCRETE MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE approximation algorithm; network design; spanning tree AB We study the problem of finding small trees. Classical network design problems are considered with the additional constraint that only a specified number k of nodes are required to be connected in the solution. A prototypical example is the kMST problem in which we require a tree of minimum weight spanning at least k nodes in an edge-weighted graph. We show that the kMST problem is NP-hard even for points in the Euclidean plane. We provide approximation algorithms with performance ratio 2 root k for the general edge-weighted case and O(k(1/4)) for the case of points in the plane. Polynomial-time exact solutions are also presented for the class of treewidth-bounded graphs, which includes trees, series-parallel graphs, and bounded bandwidth graphs, and for points on the boundary of a convex region in the Euclidean plane. We also investigate the problem of finding short trees and, more generally, that of finding networks with minimum diameter. A simple technique is used to provide a polynomial-time solution for finding k-trees of minimum diameter. We identify easy and hard problems arising in finding short networks using a framework due to T. C. Hu. C1 MIT, DEPT COMP SCI, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. SUNY ALBANY, DEPT COMP SCI, ALBANY, NY 12222 USA. RP PRINCETON UNIV, DEPT COMP SCI, CTR DISCRETE MATH & THEORET COMP SCI, 35 OLDEN ST, PRINCETON, NJ 08854 USA. NR 32 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4801 EI 1095-7146 J9 SIAM J DISCRETE MATH JI SIAM Discret. Math. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 9 IS 2 BP 178 EP 200 DI 10.1137/S0895480194266331 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA UL333 UT WOS:A1996UL33300003 ER PT J AU Bischof, CH Datta, BN Purkayastha, A AF Bischof, CH Datta, BN Purkayastha, A TI A parallel algorithm for the Sylvester observer equation SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Sylvester observer equation; parallel algorithm; orthogonal factorization; shared-memory parallelism; Hessenberg-Schur algorithm ID MATRIX AB We present a new algorithm for solving the Sylvester observer equation arising in the context of the Luenberger observer. The algorithm embodies two main computational phases: the solution of several independent equation systems and a series of matrix-matrix multiplications. The algorithm is, thus, well suited for parallel and high-performance computing. By reducing the coefficient matrix A to lower-Hessenberg form, one can implement the algorithm efficiently, with few floating-point operations and little workspace. The algorithm has been successfully implemented on a GRAY C90. A comparison, both theoretical and experimental, has been made with the well-known Hessenberg-Schur algorithm which solves an arbitrary Sylvester equation. Our theoretical analysis and experimental results confirm the superiority of the proposed algorithm, both in efficiency and speed, over the Hessenberg-Schur algorithm. C1 NO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT MATH SCI,DE KALB,IL 60115. UNIV PUERTO RICO,DEPT MATH,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681. RP Bischof, CH (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER PH#382-9800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 17 IS 3 BP 686 EP 698 DI 10.1137/S1064827591223276 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA UG766 UT WOS:A1996UG76600008 ER PT J AU Nugent, RA Wellman, KF Lebovitz, A AF Nugent, RA Wellman, KF Lebovitz, A TI Developing sustainable salmon management in Willapa Bay, Washington SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE fisheries; management; restoration; salmon; stakeholders; sustainable; watershed AB This article describes a community-based approach to salmon restoration and management in Willapa Bay, Washington. Willapa Bay is an area rich in natural resources, historically oriented toward extraction activities, and with increasing threats to its fishery resource. Members of the community have rejected the traditional blend of agency and industry decision-making control over the resource and are conducting a process that includes a diverse set of participants. The article describes the process as it nears the end of the planning phase and beginning of the implementation phase of salmon restoration. It identifies obstacles to achieving sustainable salmon management. including lack of coordination and consistency among fishery managers, limited participation by important stakeholder groups that leads to political roadblocks, and unavailability of important scientific and socioeconomic data and analysis. It also describes the long-term goals of consistent, adaptive, and participative salmon management in Willapa Bay. C1 BATTELLE SEATTLE RES CTR,SEATTLE,WA. WILLAPA ALLIANCE,SOUTH BEND,WA. RP Nugent, RA (reprint author), PACIFIC LUTHERAN UNIV,DEPT ECON,TACOMA,WA 98447, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 9 IS 3 BP 317 EP 325 DI 10.1080/08941929609380975 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA UW143 UT WOS:A1996UW14300008 ER PT J AU Tokunaga, TK Pickering, IJ Brown, GE AF Tokunaga, TK Pickering, IJ Brown, GE TI Selenium transformations in ponded sediments SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; KESTERSON RESERVOIR; ELEMENTAL SELENIUM; SELENATE REDUCTION; WATER INTERFACES; MODEL COMPOUNDS; SOIL; ADSORPTION; SPECIATION AB Features of the sediment contamination process that occurred during disposal of seleniferous agricultural drainage waters at Kesterson Reservoir (California) were simulated in the laboratory. Seleniun was introduced by pending 3.0 mM solutions of Se(VI) over previously uncontaminated soils. Analyses of soil waters and ponded waters with conventional laboratory methods [hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) and redox electrodes] and with x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements on sediment and water samples provided direct Se speciation of the dominant valence states. The XAS demonstrated that Se in a contaminated sediment from Kesterson Reservoir occurs primarily as the red, monoclinic elemental form. Selenium(VI) reduction to Se(IV) and removal of both species from the aqueous phases (ponded and pore waters) was observed with HGAAS. Reduction of Se(VI) to Se(0) in the sediments was confirmed with XAS. The XAS on all shallow sediments at the end of the pending period (48 to 51 d) demonstrated that 99 +/- 5% of the Se occurred as Se(0). Rapid reoxidation of Se(0) was observed in some of the previously ponded sediments. About 60% of the Se inventory was reoxidized to a mixture of Se(IV) and Se(VI) in unamended sediments within 2 d after sampling. Selenium in sediments that were amended with organic matter remained in the Se(0) state during this short period. C1 STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,STANFORD,CA 94720. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOL & ENVIRONM SCI,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP Tokunaga, TK (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Tokunaga, Tetsu/H-2790-2014; Pickering, Ingrid/A-4547-2013; OI Tokunaga, Tetsu/0000-0003-0861-6128; Pickering, Ingrid/0000-0002-0936-2994 NR 78 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 3 BP 781 EP 790 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UK989 UT WOS:A1996UK98900013 ER PT J AU Zawislanski, PT Zavarin, M AF Zawislanski, PT Zavarin, M TI Nature and rates of selenium transformations: A laboratory study of Kesterson Reservoir soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA; DISSOLUTION; TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION; KINETICS AB The speciation and association of Se in soil determines its availability to biota. Oxidized forms are generally more biologically available. Surface and subsurface soils from Se-contaminated Kesterson Reservoir were incubated for 2.5 yr at temperatures of 15, 25, and 35 degrees C in order to measure Se oxidation rates and help identify the most readily oxidizable fractions. A range of moisture contents was maintained. Six Se fractions: soluble Se(IV), soluble Se(VI), adsorbed Se, organic Se, carbonate Se, and refractory Se, were monitored via periodic extraction. Oxidation rates were estimated based on changes in the relative proportions of these fractions with time. No significant changes were noted in soils from a depth of 0.45 to 0.55 m. Transformations were observed in surface soils (0-0.10 m). The most prominent change was the oxidation of up to 50% of refractory Se to soluble Se(VI). A smaller portion of the organic Se pool was also oxidized. X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated the dominance of Se(0) in the refractory pool. First-order oxidation rates were between 0.058 and 0.29 yr(-1) for organic Se, and between O.11 and 2.4 yr(-1) for refractory Se, with a strong positive correlation with temperature. No losses of total Se were observed, indicating the relative insignificance of methylation. An apparent plateau in oxidation of the refractory pool suggests heterogeneity of this pool, with some components more readily oxidized than others. With time, currently reduced Se will be oxidized, although some fractions are likely to remain biologically unavailable for decades. C1 DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,POLICY & MANAGEMENT ECOSYST SCI DIV,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Zawislanski, PT (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,MS 50E,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 37 TC 64 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 3 BP 791 EP 800 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UK989 UT WOS:A1996UK98900014 ER PT J AU Jastrow, JD Boutton, TW Miller, RM AF Jastrow, JD Boutton, TW Miller, RM TI Carbon dynamics of aggregate-associated organic matter estimated by carbon-13 natural abundance SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SIZE FRACTIONS; C-13 ABUNDANCE; SOIL STRUCTURE; TURNOVER; CULTIVATION; HIERARCHY; ISOTOPE; RATIOS; ROOT AB A major factor controlling soil organic matter dynamics is believed to be the differing degrees of protection from decomposition afforded by the spatially hierarchical organization of soil aggregate structure. Changes in the natural C-13 content and in the concentration of soil organic C resulting from the growth of C3 pasture grasses (low delta(13)C(PDB)) on former C4 cropland (high delta(13)C(PDB)) were used to Investigate the turnover and inputs of organic C in water-stable aggregates of different sizes. After removal of free and released particulate organic matter (POM) in aggregate size separates (POM with a density less than or equal to 1.85 g cm(-3) that was either exterior to aggregates in situ or released from unstable aggregates by slaking), organic C concentrations were greater in macroaggregates (>212 mu m) than in microaggregates (53-212 mu m). The turnover time (1/k) for C4-derived C was 412 yr for microaggregates, compared with an average turnover of 140 yr for macroaggregates, indicating that old C associated with microaggregates may be both biochemically recalcitrant and physically protected. Net input rates of C3-derived C increased with aggregate size (0.73-1.13 g kg(-1) yr(-1)), supporting the concept of an aggregate hierarchy created by the binding of microaggregates into increasingly larger macroaggregates. The net input rate for microaggregates, however, was equal to the rates for small macroaggregates, suggesting that the formation and degradation of microaggregates may be more dynamic than is predicted by their stability in cultivated soils or by the observed turnover times for old C. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT RANGELAND ECOL & MANAGEMENT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP Jastrow, JD (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM RES,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Boutton, Thomas/C-5821-2016 OI Boutton, Thomas/0000-0002-7522-5728 NR 36 TC 246 Z9 312 U1 11 U2 89 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 3 BP 801 EP 807 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UK989 UT WOS:A1996UK98900015 ER PT J AU Parent, Y Blake, D MagriniBair, K Lyons, C Turchi, C Watt, A Wolfrum, E Prairie, M AF Parent, Y Blake, D MagriniBair, K Lyons, C Turchi, C Watt, A Wolfrum, E Prairie, M TI Solar photocatalytic processes for the purification of water: State of development and barriers to commercialization SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; TIO2 PARTICLES; SEMICONDUCTOR POWDERS; OXIDATION REACTORS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; CONFIGURATION; DESTRUCTION; PERFORMANCE; CATALYSIS; REDUCTION AB Semiconductor-based photocatalytic processes for removing hazardous chemicals from contaminated water have been studied for nearly 20 years. One goal of this research is to use the sun as the light source. This article assesses the state of development of solar heterogeneous photocatalytic processes for treating contaminated water and identifies key barriers that must be overcome for the technology to achieve commercial success. Some industry members estimate that the cost of using solar technology for waste treatment will need to be less than half the cost of a ''conventional'' technology in order to gain market acceptance. The number of applications that are near commercial viability could be expanded with significant progress in the improvement of the photo-efficiency of the photocatalytic process. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB, GOLDEN, CO 80401 USA. BRIDGES UNLIMITED, DENVER, CO 80220 USA. SANDIA NATL LABS, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. RP Parent, Y (reprint author), CHEM ENGN CONSULTING SERV, 3925 DOUGLAS MT DR, GOLDEN, CO 80403 USA. NR 51 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PD MAY PY 1996 VL 56 IS 5 BP 429 EP 437 DI 10.1016/0038-092X(96)81767-1 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA VB381 UT WOS:A1996VB38100007 ER PT J AU Wilcoxon, JP Newcomer, PP Samara, GA AF Wilcoxon, JP Newcomer, PP Samara, GA TI Strong quantum confinement effects in semiconductors: FeS2 nanoclusters SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE semiconductors ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PYRITES AB High quality, size-selected, nano-size clusters of FeS2 have been successfully grown inside inverse micellar cages and their optical absorption studied. Remarkable structure in the absorption spectrum is observed and large blue shifts in the absorption edge and other spectral features are observed upon crossing from the weak to strong quantum confinement regimes with decreasing cluster size. The bandgap appears to remain indirect down to the smallest cluster size studied (2 nm). RP Wilcoxon, JP (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 9 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 98 IS 6 BP 581 EP 585 DI 10.1016/0038-1098(95)00822-5 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA UG736 UT WOS:A1996UG73600020 ER PT J AU Ochoa, OR Colajacomo, C Witkowski, EJ Simmons, JH Potter, BG AF Ochoa, OR Colajacomo, C Witkowski, EJ Simmons, JH Potter, BG TI Quantum confinement effects on the photoluminescence spectra of CdTe nanocrystallites SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN; ABSORPTION; RESONANCE; GLASS; DOTS; TE AB Quantum size and semiconductor volume fraction effects on the intensity, line width and position of photoluminescence (PL) peaks from CdTe nanocrystallites have been measured. CdTe-glass composite thin films were grown by using a sequential rf-magnetron sputtering process. Postdeposition heat treatments were used to produce average crystallite sizes between 1.2 and 16 nm. The PL spectra consist of single, broad peaks that undergo larger blue shifts with decreasing crystallite sizes. The PL signal degrades with increasing nanocrystallite size and is quenched at the higher semiconductor volume fractions. The spectral characteristics of the clusters are discussed in terms of the electron-hole pair and the effect of surface states. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Ochoa, OR (reprint author), TRENTON STATE COLL,DEPT PHYS,TRENTON,NJ 08650, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 98 IS 8 BP 717 EP 721 DI 10.1016/0038-1098(96)00108-1 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA UJ985 UT WOS:A1996UJ98500008 ER PT J AU Luo, JS Dorris, SE Fischer, AK LeBoy, JS Maroni, VA Feng, Y Larbalestier, DC AF Luo, JS Dorris, SE Fischer, AK LeBoy, JS Maroni, VA Feng, Y Larbalestier, DC TI Mode of lead addition and its effects on phase formation and microstructure development in Ag/(Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox composite conductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CU-O SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; CRITICAL CURRENT-DENSITY; 2223 PHASE; PB; PRECURSOR; CERAMICS; ORIGIN; OXIDES AB An extensive examination has been made of silver-sheathed (Bi, Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (Bi-2223) composite conductors produced by the two-powder processing method, wherein single-phase (Bi, Pb)(2)Sr2Ca1Cu2Oy (Bi-2212) is combined with a mix of Pb-Ca-Cu-O phases to give an overall stoichiometry of Bi(1.8)Bb(0.4)Sr(2)Ca(2)Cu(3)O(x). The principal variable is the proportioning of lead between the Bi-2212 phase and the Pb-Ca-Cu-O phases. X-ray diffraction measurements and scanning electron microscopy analyses have revealed that the length of the induction period prior to the onset of Bi-2223 formation decreases monotonically as the initial lead fraction in the Bi-2212 is increased up to a value of 0.3. The observed decrease in critical current density of fully processed composites with decreasing lead fraction in the Bi-2212 phase appears to be more closely related to the quantity of unconverted Bi-2212 than to the quantity of residual alkaline earth cuprate secondary phases. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the frequency of Bi-2212 intergrowths declines with increasing lead fraction in the starting Bi-2212 component. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Luo, JS (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Larbalestier, David/B-2277-2008 OI Larbalestier, David/0000-0001-7098-7208 NR 39 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 9 IS 5 BP 412 EP 421 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/9/5/013 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA UL807 UT WOS:A1996UL80700013 ER PT J AU Goretta, KC Delaney, WE Routbort, JL Wolfenstine, J Zhang, W Hellstrom, E AF Goretta, KC Delaney, WE Routbort, JL Wolfenstine, J Zhang, W Hellstrom, E TI Creep of silver at 900 degrees C SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELF-DIFFUSION; PHASE; TAPES AB Creep behaviour of polycrystalline silver at 900 degrees C depends primarily on the purity of the Ag. Specimens of 99.999% purity dynamically recrystallized during creep; the stress for recrystallization was approximate to 3.5 MPa. Oxygen partial pressure had no effect on the creep response. For 99.9% Ag, no dynamic recrystallization occurred; instead, steady-state creep was observed, with the rate-controlling deformation occurring primarily by dislocation motion. Long-term annealing of 99.9% Ag in O-2 increased the steady-state stress by a factor of approximate to 5. Depending on test conditions, the 99.9% Ag was up to twice as strong as the 99.999% Ag. C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM ENGN,IRVINE,CA 92717. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Goretta, KC (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY TECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 9 IS 5 BP 422 EP 426 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/9/5/014 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA UL807 UT WOS:A1996UL80700014 ER PT J AU Coll, BF Sanders, DM AF Coll, BF Sanders, DM TI Design of vacuum arc-based sources SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Australia/US Workshop on Critical Issues in High Performance Wear Resistant Films CY FEB 01-03, 1995 CL WOLLONGONG, AUSTRALIA SP CSIRO, Div Appl Phys, Lindfield NSW, Sutton Tools, Thomastown Vic, Sola Int Holdings, Adelaide SA, Broken Hill Pty, Port Kembla NSW DE physical vapor deposition; vacuum arc sources; source design; cathodic arc; tribological coatings ID METAL-ION SOURCE; CATHODIC ARC; CARBON-FILMS; PLASMA; EVAPORATION; DEPOSITION; ENHANCEMENT; GENERATION; COATINGS; MOTION AB Vacuum are sources can produce copious quantities of ions which can be used to engineer surfaces for tribological applications. The energetic and ionic character of are-produced coating species can lead to unusually hard, dense, slippery and/or adherent coatings which can be applied successfully to both flat surfaces and complex shapes. Are coating technology can take many forms with each having their own advantages and limitations. The purpose of the current review is to give the reader an overview of the wide range of options which are possible with vacuum are technology while providing specific detailed examples to show how several of these option sets translate into actual sourer designs. Emphasis is given to more recent findings. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. MOTOROLA PHOENIX CORP RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ. NR 41 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 81 IS 1 BP 42 EP 51 DI 10.1016/0257-8972(95)02654-1 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA UQ992 UT WOS:A1996UQ99200008 ER PT J AU Liang, Y Lea, AS Baer, DR Engelhard, MH AF Liang, Y Lea, AS Baer, DR Engelhard, MH TI Structure of the cleaved CaCO3 (10(1)over-bar4) surface in an aqueous environment SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy (AFM); CaCO3; calcite; surface structure ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CALCITE; RESOLUTION; SILICON; DISSOLUTION; GROWTH; AFM; SPECTROSCOPY; FRICTION; GRAPHITE AB The surface structure of the cleaved (10 (1) over bar 4) face of calcite single crystal in an aqueous environment has been studied using atomic force microscopy. Force images acquired under different solutions and forces show structures consistent with only slight relaxation of the structure of the terminated bulk crystal. Atomic scale images are interpreted in terms of the 1 x 1 symmetry from the top-lying surface oxygen atoms. A variation of atomic corrugations within the surface unit cell suggests different relaxations of carbonate groups on the surface. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Lea, Alan/0000-0002-4232-1553; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 43 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP 172 EP 182 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(95)01298-2 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA UM634 UT WOS:A1996UM63400021 ER PT J AU Li, YG DePristo, AE AF Li, YG DePristo, AE TI Predicted growth mode for metal homoepitaxy on the fcc(111) surface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE copper; epitaxy; gold; growth; nickel; palladium; platinum; semi-empirical models and model calculations; silver ID CORRECTED EFFECTIVE-MEDIUM; BY-LAYER GROWTH; BODY FORMULATION; REACTION-PATH; AG; DIFFUSION; CLUSTERS; AG(111); SYSTEMS; CU AB In an attempt to understand homoepitaxial growth on fee (111) surfaces, the potential energy barriers for both inter- and intralayer diffusion are calculated for Ag, Au, Cu, Ni, Pd and Pt using a corrected effective medium theory in its simplest form, namely MD/MC-CEM theory. These metals exhibit two different characteristic behaviors, classified by the relative magnitude of the barriers between the two kinds of diffusion: (i) for Ag, Au, Cu and Ni, the interlayer diffusion barrier is always larger than the intralayer one, even for small islands or near kink sites at step edges; and (ii) for Pd and Pt, the reverse situation is true, with the interlayer diffusion barrier decreasing further for small islands or near a kink site. We therefore predict that under ''natural'' conditions, the first group of metals will grow three-dimensionally over the whole temperature range until the step-flow regime is reached. In particular, re-entrant growth is not expected to occur at low temperatures. By contrast, for the second group of metals we predict that a two-dimensional growth regime exists below step-flow, and re-entrant layer-by-layer growth is possible at low temperature due to the extremely low barrier for small islands or near kink sites. These predictions are consistent with all available experiments, which have investigated the AE, Cu and Pt systems. We suggest that further experiments are desirable, in particular for Pd growth on Pd(111). We also point out that the reduced barriers for interlayer diffusion, due to the small size of the island and to the presence of kinks, have a common physical origin. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 41 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP 189 EP 199 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(96)80063-X PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA UM634 UT WOS:A1996UM63400023 ER PT J AU Gifford, AN Minabe, Y Toor, A Wang, RY Ashby, CR AF Gifford, AN Minabe, Y Toor, A Wang, RY Ashby, CR TI Examination of the action of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine on rat A10 dopamine neurons SO SYNAPSE LA English DT Article DE ventral tegmental area; A10; dopamine; 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; MDMA; 5-HT; serotonin ID VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA; AMPHETAMINE DERIVATIVES; BRAIN; ANALOGS; RELEASE; MDMA; NEUROTRANSMISSION; ANTAGONISTS; MONOAMINES; INHIBITION AB Extracellular single cell recording was used to examine the effect of intravenous administration of (-), (+), and(+)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on A10 dopamine (DA) neurons in chloral hydrate anesthetized male rats. Both (+/-)-MDMA and (+)-MDMA inhibited the firing rate of most (79%) A10 DA cells. By contrast, (-)-MDMA induced either no effect or a slight increase in the firing rate of these cells. Analysis of the effects of (+/-)-MDMA on the firing pattern of the DA cells revealed an overall decrease in the percentage of spikes in bursts but both increases and decreases were seen in the coefficient of variation of interspike intervals. To determine the contribution of 5-HT and DA to the (+/-)-MDMA-induced inhibition of A10 DA cells rats were pretreated either with the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor-p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) or the DA synthesis inhibitor alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT). Pretreatment of rats with PCPA did not reduce the ability of (+/-)-MDMA to inhibit the DA cells. However, in rats pretreated with AMPT, the (+/-)-MDMA-induced inhibition was blocked and some cells (44%) showed instead an increase in firing rate following administration of (+/-)-MDMA. The administration of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) to AMPT-treated rats rapidly restored the inhibition of cell firing by (+/-)-MDMA. In conclusion, the results reported here demonstrate that MDMA has an overall inhibitory effect on A10 DA cells. Despite MDMA's greater potency in releasing 5-HT compared to DA, the inhibitory effect of this drug on A10 DA cells appears to be mediated by the latter transmitter. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,UPTON,NY 11973. NATL CTR NEUROL & PSYCHIAT,NATL INST NEUROSCI,KODAIRA,TOKYO 187,JAPAN. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. FU NIMH NIH HHS [R29 MH52155] NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-4476 J9 SYNAPSE JI Synapse PD MAY PY 1996 VL 23 IS 1 BP 52 EP 57 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA UH322 UT WOS:A1996UH32200006 PM 8723135 ER PT J AU Spencer, FW AF Spencer, FW TI Applications of statistical methods to nondestructive evaluation - Discussion SO TECHNOMETRICS LA English DT Editorial Material RP Spencer, FW (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,STAT & HUMAN FACTORS DEPT,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER STATIST ASSN PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0040-1706 J9 TECHNOMETRICS JI Technometrics PD MAY PY 1996 VL 38 IS 2 BP 122 EP 124 DI 10.2307/1270402 PG 3 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA UH111 UT WOS:A1996UH11100004 ER PT J AU Welch, WJ Buck, RJ Sacks, J Wynn, HP Morris, MD Schonlau, M AF Welch, WJ Buck, RJ Sacks, J Wynn, HP Morris, MD Schonlau, M TI Comments on computer experiments - Response SO TECHNOMETRICS LA English DT Letter ID OPTIMIZATION C1 NATL INST STAT SCI, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. UNIV WARWICK, DEPT STAT, COVENTRY CV4 7AL, W MIDLANDS, ENGLAND. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, COMP SCI & MATH DIV, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RP UNIV WATERLOO, DEPT STAT & ACTUARIAL SCI, WATERLOO, ON N2L 3G1, CANADA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA SN 0040-1706 EI 1537-2723 J9 TECHNOMETRICS JI Technometrics PD MAY PY 1996 VL 38 IS 2 BP 199 EP 203 PG 5 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA UH111 UT WOS:A1996UH11100015 ER PT J AU Ozer, N Chen, DG Lampert, CM AF Ozer, N Chen, DG Lampert, CM TI Preparation and properties of spin-coated Nb2O5 films by the sol-gel process for electrochromic applications SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE electrochemistry; niobium oxide; optical properties; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID ELECTRODES; NIOBIUM AB The preparation and properties of Nb2O5 coatings made by the sol-gel process were investigated. The films were deposited by spin coating on In2O3Sn/glass and quartz substrates from a polymeric solutions of niobia derived from niobium ethoxide. The films were characterized by investigation of the stoichiometry, refractive index, optical transmission, electrochemical behavior, and the microstructure. X-ray diffraction studies showed the films to be amorphous for heat treatments below 450 degrees C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement revealed the O:Nb atomic stoichiometry to be 5:2. Cyclic voltammetric measurements showed that the Nb2O5/1 M LiClO4-propylene carbonate system exhibits electrochemical reversibility beyond 1200 cycles without change in performance. In situ UV-Vis-NIR spectroelectrochemical measurement revealed that Nb2O5 films exhibit an electrochromic effect in the spectral range 300 < lambda < 2100 nm and remain unchanged in the infrared spectral range. The change in visible transmittance was 40% for a 250 nm thick electrode. XPS spectra indicate that Nb(V) is reduced to a lower valence state Nb(IV) ina colored state with injected Li+. The bronze coloration is due to a simultaneous injection of electrons and Li+ ions into Nb2O5. The sol-gel-deposited Nb2O5 films are useful for cathodically coloring electrochromic electrodes in electrochromic devices. C1 UNIV ISTANBUL,FAC SCI,DEPT PHYS,ISTANBUL,TURKEY. YTC AMER INC,CAMARILLO,CA 93012. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,BLDG TECHNOL PROGRAM MS62203,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 26 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 277 IS 1-2 BP 162 EP 168 DI 10.1016/0040-6090(95)08011-2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA UV528 UT WOS:A1996UV52800017 ER PT J AU Vena, JE Buck, GM Kostyniak, P Mendola, P Fitzgerald, E Sever, L Freudenheim, J Greizerstein, H Zielezny, M McReynolds, J Olson, J AF Vena, JE Buck, GM Kostyniak, P Mendola, P Fitzgerald, E Sever, L Freudenheim, J Greizerstein, H Zielezny, M McReynolds, J Olson, J TI The New York Angler Cohort Study: Exposure characterization and reproductive and developmental health SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Great-Lakes Human Health Effects Research Symposium CY MAY 04-06, 1994 CL DETROIT, MI SP US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Public Hlth Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, Hlth Canada, Ottawa, Risk Sci Inst, Int Life Sci Inst, Washington DE epidemiology; PCBs; reproduction; sport fish; toxicology AB The New York State Angler Study will evaluate the association between past and current consumption of contaminated fish from Lake Ontario and both short- and long-term health effects in a population-based cohort. It will measure fish consumption and reproductive and developmental health among 10,518 male anglers and 6,651 of their wives or partners, as well as among 913 female anglers. To characterize exposure among subgroups of the cohort, further analytical methods were developed and implemented to measure specific polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) congeners, methylmercury, and other substances in biological samples. Exposure assessment has been completed for a stratified random sample of 321 anglers. In addition, analyses for 79 congeners of PCBs are complete for 177 anglers. A special study of duck and turtle consumers currently is underway. Telephone interviews have been completed with 2,454 of the 2,999 women who planned a pregnancy between 1991 and 1994. The entire cohort of male anglers, partners of male anglers, and female anglers has been submitted for matching with the New York State live birth and fetal death registries to obtain lifetime reproductive histories. A medical record abstraction study will assess perinatal and developmental outcomes among the 3,442 births that occurred between 1986 and 1991. Finally, a study of breast milk from currently lactating women is underway, and 215 breast milk samples have been collected from the planned pregnancy subcohort. Progress on each of the study components is discussed herein. C1 SUNY BUFFALO, TOXICOL RES CTR, BUFFALO, NY USA. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH, ALBANY, NY USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, SEATTLE, WA USA. RP SUNY BUFFALO, DEPT SOCIAL & PREVENT MED, 270 FARBER HALL, 3435 MAIN ST, BUFFALO, NY 14214 USA. RI Fitzgerald, Edward/F-4087-2010; OI Buck Louis, Germaine/0000-0002-1774-4490; Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 NR 9 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 EI 1477-0393 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD MAY-AUG PY 1996 VL 12 IS 3-4 BP 327 EP 334 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA VA693 UT WOS:A1996VA69300005 PM 8843550 ER PT J AU Erdemir, A AF Erdemir, A TI Tribology and surface engineering at Argonne National Laboratory SO TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID LUBRICATION RP ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV ENERGY TECHNOL, TRIBOL SECT, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-679X EI 1879-2464 J9 TRIBOL INT JI Tribol. Int. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 29 IS 3 BP 263 EP 264 DI 10.1016/0301-679X(96)83205-1 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA UE236 UT WOS:A1996UE23600012 ER PT J AU Crum, RH Murphy, EM Keller, CK AF Crum, RH Murphy, EM Keller, CK TI A non-adsorptive method for the isolation and fractionation of natural dissolved organic carbon SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE reverse osmosis; ultrafiltration; dissolved organic carbon; groundwater ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FULVIC-ACID; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; REVERSE-OSMOSIS; WATERS; ULTRAFILTRATION; TRANSPORT; REDUCTION; MATTER AB A non-adsorptive method was rested for the concentration and fractionation of dissolved organic carbon (DOG) in groundwater. Reverse osmosis combined with ultrafiltration recovered more than 90% of the DOC and efficiently separated the DOC into three size fractions. Unlike adsorptive methods, this procedure avoids the use of strong acids and bases that may alter the structure of the DOG. A diafiltration method was applied during ultrafiltration that gave good separation of the DOC into high-, medium-, and low-molecular-size fractions. The high- and medium-molecular-size fractions are desalted during this fractionation procedure and can be further analyzed for individual compounds. The inorganic solutes remain in the low-molecular-size fraction. Future advances in ultrafiltration membrane technology may facilitate removal of inorganic ions without significant loss of low-molecular-size organic acids. Studies on a synthetic groundwater showed that the combined reverse osmosis/ultrafiltration method is viable for the concentration and fractionation of a wide range in organic compounds typically found in groundwater. Copyright (C) 1996 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, DEPT GEOL, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. RI Keller, C/B-3205-2012 NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1304 EP 1311 DI 10.1016/0043-1354(95)00279-0 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA UM027 UT WOS:A1996UM02700033 ER PT J AU McCarthy, JF Gu, B Liang, L MasPla, J Williams, TM Yeh, TCJ AF McCarthy, JF Gu, B Liang, L MasPla, J Williams, TM Yeh, TCJ TI Field tracer tests on the mobility of natural organic matter in a sandy aquifer SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ADSORPTION AFFINITY; UNKNOWN SUBSTANCES; POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT; WATER; CARBON; MACROMOLECULES; EQUILIBRIUM; COLUMNS AB The field-scale transport of natural organic matter (NOM) was examined in a two-well forced gradient injection experiment in a sandy, coastal plain aquifer in Georgetown, South Carolina. Spatial moments described the migration of the center of mass of NOM and conservative tracer. Temporal moments were used to estimate mass loss and retardation of the NOM along a transect of six sampling locations at two depths and at the withdrawal well. Large differences were observed in transport behavior of different subcomponents of NOM. Larger and more strongly binding NOM components in the injection solution are postulated to adsorb and displace weakly binding, low-molecular weight NOM in groundwater. Conversely, NOM components that were similar to the groundwater NOM were transported almost conservatively, presumably due to ''passivation'' of the aquifer by previously adsorbed components of the groundwater NOM. NOM may thus exhibit two types of effects on contaminant dynamics in the subsurface. When the equilibria between solution and solid phase NOM is disrupted by introduction of a novel source of NOM, descriptions of the multicomponent transport process are complex and predictive modeling is problematic. Because of the differences in transport behavior of NOM subcomponents, the chemical properties and, more importantly, the functional behavior of NOM with respect to contaminant migration will vary with time and distance along a flow path. However, when groundwater NOM exists at a steady state with respect to adsorption on aquifer surfaces, the migration of NOM, and the contaminant-NOM complex, may be approximated as the transport of a conservative solute. C1 UNIV AUTONOMA BARCELONA,DEPT GEOL,E-08193 BARCELONA,SPAIN. CLEMSON UNIV,BARUCH FOREST SCI INST,CLEMSON,SC 29631. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT HYDROL & WATER RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP McCarthy, JF (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Mas-Pla, Josep/B-9582-2009; Liang, Liyuan/O-7213-2014 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; Mas-Pla, Josep/0000-0002-8491-9895; Liang, Liyuan/0000-0003-1338-0324 NR 45 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1223 EP 1238 DI 10.1029/96WR00285 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA UH882 UT WOS:A1996UH88200007 ER PT J AU MorelSeytoux, HJ Meyer, PD Nachabe, M Touma, J vanGenuchten, MT Lenhard, RJ AF MorelSeytoux, HJ Meyer, PD Nachabe, M Touma, J vanGenuchten, MT Lenhard, RJ TI Parameter equivalence for the Brooks-Corey and vanGenuchten soil characteristics: Preserving the effective capillary drive SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INFILTRATION; EQUATION; LENGTH AB This paper provides a simple way to convert Brooks-Corey (BC) parameters to van Genuchten (vG) parameters and vice versa, for use primarily in situations where saturated conditions are likely to be encountered. Essential in this conversion is the preservation df the maximum value of a physical characteristic, the ''effective capillary drive'' H-cM [Morel-Seytoux and Khanji, 1974], defined with a good approximation for a soil water and air system as H-cM = integral(0)(infinity)k(rw)dh(c), where k(rw) is relative permkability (or conductivity) to water and h(c) is capillary pressure (head), a positive quantity. With this conversion, infiltration calculations are essentially insensitive to the model used to represent the soil hydraulic properties. It is strictly a matter of convenience for the user which expression is used. On the other hand, the paper shows that other equivalences may lead to great variations in predictions of infiltration capacity. Consequently, the choice of the proper equivalence to use in calculations for rainfall-runoff modeling or for low-level radioactive waste disposal design is a serious matter. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. UNIV COLORADO, DEPT CIVIL ENVIRONM & ARCHITECTURAL ENGN, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. ORSTOM, INST FRANCAIS RECH SCI DEV COOPERAT, DEPT EAUX CONTINENTALES, F-34032 MONTPELLIER, FRANCE. USDA ARS, US SALIN LAB, RIVERSIDE, CA 92507 USA. COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT CIVIL ENGN, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; Meyer, Philip/0000-0002-8714-4693 NR 16 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1251 EP 1258 DI 10.1029/96WR00069 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA UH882 UT WOS:A1996UH88200009 ER PT J AU Neuman, SP Tartakovsky, D Wallstrom, TC Winter, CL AF Neuman, SP Tartakovsky, D Wallstrom, TC Winter, CL TI Prediction of steady state flow in nonuniform geologic media by conditional moments: Exact nonlocal formalism, effective conductivities, and weak approximation (vol 29, pg 341, 1993) SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI,GEOANAL GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Neuman, SP (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT HYDROL & WATER RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. RI Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013; Winter, C. Larrabee/D-3918-2013 NR 1 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1479 EP 1480 DI 10.1029/96WR00489 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA UH882 UT WOS:A1996UH88200038 ER PT J AU Dini, JW AF Dini, JW TI The role of electroplated coatings in metal joining SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP Dini, JW (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA PO BOX 351040, MIAMI, FL 33135 SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 75 IS 5 BP 47 EP 49 PG 3 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA UH327 UT WOS:A1996UH32700013 ER PT J AU Silver, E LeGros, M Madden, N Beeman, J Haller, E AF Silver, E LeGros, M Madden, N Beeman, J Haller, E TI High-resolution, broad-band microcalorimeters for X-ray microanalysis SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article AB Scanning electron microscope (SEM)-based x-ray analyzers have employed wavelength-dispersive x-ray (WDX) diffractometers or energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) detectors as the spectrally resolving elements. In spite of their relatively poor energy resolution (Delta E = 130 eV at 6 keV), the solid-state EDX instruments have enjoyed much wider use than the WDX systems (Delta E = 1-10 eV) because of their convenience and efficiency. A microcalorimeter detector with 95% quantum efficiency at 6 keV has been developed that can produce spectra with an energy resolution of 7 eV over the broad energy band of 0.2-20 keV. This performance will advance the state-of-the-art for elemental analysis by virtue of its 20-fold increase in x-ray energy resolution. When coupled to an SEM it will permit the evolution of a new generation of microanalysis tools with greatly improved spatial resolution and increased sensitivity for minor elemental constituents. Since it will allow the SEM to operate at low electron energies, it will provide the ability to identify unambiguously x-ray signatures from a mixture of light and heavy elements. The latest performance of these detectors is presented along with a discussion of how they will eventually improve SEM-based microanalysis for small particle defect review and sub-micron depth studies. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,EXPTL ASTROPHYS LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0049-8246 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 25 IS 3 BP 115 EP 122 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA UN063 UT WOS:A1996UN06300004 ER PT J AU Abreu, P Adam, W Adye, T Agasi, E Ajinenko, I Aleksan, R Alekseev, GD Alemany, R Allport, PP Almehed, S Amaldi, U Amato, S Andreazza, A Andrieux, ML Antilogus, P Apel, WD Arnoud, Y Asman, B Augustin, JE Augustinus, A Baillon, P Bambade, P Barao, F Barate, R Barbi, M Bardin, DY Baroncelli, A Barring, O Barrio, JA Bartl, W Bates, MJ Battaglia, M Baubillier, M Baudot, J Becks, KH Begalli, M Beilliere, P Belokopytov, Y Benvenuti, AC Berggren, M Bertrand, D Bianchi, F Bigi, M Bilenky, MS Billoir, P Bloch, D Blume, M Blyth, S Bolognese, T Bonesini, M Bonivento, W Booth, PSL Borisov, G Bosio, C Bosworth, S Botner, O Boudinov, E Bouquet, B Bourdarios, C Bowcock, TJV Bozzo, M Branchini, P Brand, KD Brenke, T Brenner, RA Bricman, C Brillault, L Brown, RCA Bruckman, P Brunet, JM Bugge, L Buran, T Burgsmueller, T Buschmann, P Buys, A Cabrera, S Caccia, M Calvi, M Rozas, AJC Camporesi, T Canale, V Canepa, M Cankocak, K Cao, F Carena, F Carroll, L Caso, C Gimenez, MVC Cattai, A Cavallo, FR Cerrito, L Chabaud, V Charpentier, P Chaussard, L Chauveau, J Checchia, P Chelkov, GA Chen, M Chierici, R Chliapnikov, P Chochula, P Chorowicz, V Chudoba, J Cindro, V Collins, P Contreras, JL Contri, R Cortina, E Cosme, G Cossutti, F Crawley, HB Crennell, D Crosetti, G Maestro, JC Czellar, S DahlJensen, E Dahm, J Dalmagne, B Dam, M Damgaard, G Dauncey, PD Davenport, M DaSilva, W Defoix, C Deghorain, A DellaRicca, G Delpierre, P Demaria, N DeAngelis, A DeBoer, W DeBrabandere, S DeClercq, C DelaVaissiere, C DeLotto, B DeMin, A DePaula, L DeSaintJean, C Dijkstra, H DiCiaccio, L Djama, F Dolbeau, J Donszelmann, M Doroba, K Dracos, M Drees, J Drees, KA Dris, M Dufour, Y Edsall, D Ehret, R Eigen, G Ekelof, T Ekspong, G Elsing, M Engel, JP Ershaidat, N Erzen, B Santo, ME Falk, E Fassouliotis, D Feindt, M Fenyuk, A Ferrer, A Filippas, TA Firestone, A Fischer, PA Foeth, H Fokitis, E Fontanelli, F Formenti, F Franek, B Frenkiel, P Fries, DC Frodesen, AG Fruhwirth, R FuldaQuenzer, F Fuster, J Galloni, A Gamba, D Gandelman, M Garcia, C Garcia, J Gaspar, C Gasparini, U Gavillet, P Gazis, EN Gele, D Gerber, JP Gibbs, M Gokieli, R Golob, B Gopal, G Gorn, L Gorski, M Gouz, Y Gracco, V Graziani, E Grosdidier, G Grzelak, K Gumenyuk, S Gunnarsson, P Gunther, M Guy, J Hahn, F Hahn, S Hajduk, Z Hallgren, A Hamacher, K Hao, W Harris, FJ Hedberg, V Henriques, R Hernandez, JJ Herquet, P Herr, H Hessing, TL Higon, E Hilke, HJ Hill, TS Holmgren, SO Holt, PJ Holthuizen, D Hoorelbeke, S Houlden, M Hrubec, J Huet, K Hultqvist, K Jackson, JN Jacobsson, R Jalocha, P Janik, R Jarlskog, C Jarlskog, G Jarry, P JeanMarie, B Johansson, EK Jonsson, L Jonsson, P Joram, C Juillot, P Kaiser, M Kapusta, F Karafasoulis, K Karlsson, M Karvelas, E Katargin, A Katsanevas, S Katsoufis, EC Keranen, R Khokhlov, Y Khomenko, BA Khovanski, NN King, B Kjaer, NJ Klein, H Klovning, A Kluit, P Koene, B Kokkinias, P Koratzinos, M Korcyl, K Kourkoumelis, C Kouznetsov, O Kramer, PH Krammer, M Kreuter, C Kronkvist, I Krumstein, Z Krupinski, W Kubinec, P Kucewicz, W Kurvinen, K Lacasta, C Laktineh, I Lamblot, S Lamsa, JW Lanceri, L Lane, DW Langefeld, P Last, I Laugier, JP Lauhakangas, R Ledroit, F Lefebure, V Legan, CK Leitner, R Lemoigne, Y Lemonne, J Lenzen, G Lepeltier, V Lesiak, T Liko, D Lindner, R Lipniacka, A Lippi, I Loerstad, B Loken, JG Lopez, JM Loukas, D Lutz, P Lyons, L MacNaughton, J Maehlum, G Maio, A Malychev, V Mandl, F Marco, J Marco, R Marechal, B Margoni, M Marin, JC Mariotti, C Markou, A Maron, T MartinezRivero, C MartinezVidal, F Garcia, SMI Masik, J Matorras, F Matteuzzi, C Matthiae, G Mazzucato, M McCubbin, M McKay, R McNulty, R Medbo, J Merk, M Meroni, C Meyer, S Meyer, WT Miagkov, A Michelotto, M Migliore, E Mirabito, L Mitaroff, WA Mjoernmark, U Moa, T Moeller, R Moenig, K Monge, MR Morettini, P Mueller, H Mundim, LM Murray, WJ Muryn, B Myatt, G Naraghi, F Navarria, FL Navas, S Nawrocki, K Negri, P Neumann, W Neumeister, N Nicolaidou, R Nielsen, BS Nieuwenhuizen, M Nikolaenko, V Niss, P Nomerotski, A Normand, A OberschulteBeckmann, W Obraztsov, V Olshevski, AG Onofre, A Orava, R Osterberg, K Ouraou, A Paganini, P Paganoni, M Pages, P Palka, H Papadopoulou, TD Papageorgiou, K Pape, L Parkes, C Parodi, F Passeri, A Pegoraro, M Pernegger, H Pernicka, M Perrotta, A Petridou, C Petrolini, A Petrovyck, M Phillips, HT Piana, G Pierre, F Pimenta, M Pindo, M Plaszczynski, S Podobrin, O Pol, ME Polok, G Poropat, P Pozdniakov, V Prest, M Privitera, P Pukhaeva, N Pullia, A Radojicic, D Ragazzi, S Rahmani, H Rames, J Ratoff, PN Read, AL Reale, M Rebecchi, P Redaelli, NG Regler, M Reid, D Renton, PB Resvanis, LK Richard, F Richardson, J Ridky, J Rinaudo, G Ripp, I Roncagliolo, I Ronchese, P Roos, L Rosenberg, EI Rosso, E Roudeau, P Rovelli, T Ruckstuhl, W RuhlmannKleider, V Ruiz, A Rybicki, K Saarikko, H Sacquin, Y Sadovsky, A Sajot, G Salt, J Sanchez, J Sannino, M Schimmelpfennig, M Schneider, H Schwickerath, U Schyns, MAE Sciolla, G Scuri, F Seager, P Sedykh, Y Segar, AM Seitz, A Sekulin, R Shellard, RC Siccama, I Siegrist, P Simonetti, S Simonetto, F Sisakian, AN Sitar, B Skaali, TB Smadja, G Smirnov, N Smirnova, O Smith, GR Solovianov, O Sosnowski, R SouzaSantos, D Spassov, T Spiriti, E Sponholz, P Squarcia, S Stanescu, C Stapnes, S Stavitski, I Stichelbaut, F Stocchi, A Strauss, J Strub, R Stugu, B Szczekowski, M Szeptycka, M Tabarelli, T Tavernet, JP Tchikilev, O Tilquin, A Timmermans, J Tkatchev, LG Todorov, T Toet, DZ Tomaradze, A Tome, B Tonazzo, A Tortora, L Transtromer, G Treille, D Trischuk, W Tristram, G Trombini, A Troncon, C Tsirou, A Turluer, ML Tyapkin, IA Tyndel, M Tzamarias, S Ueberschaer, B Ullaland, O Uvarov, V Valenti, G Vallazza, E VanderVelde, C VanApeldoorn, GW VanDam, P VanDoninck, WK VanEldik, J Vassilopoulos, N Vegni, G Ventura, L Venus, W Verbeure, F Verlato, M Vertogradov, LS Vilanova, D Vincent, P Vitale, L Vlasov, E Vodopyanov, AS Vrba, V Wahlen, H Walck, C Waldner, F Weierstall, M Weilhammer, P Weiser, C Wetherell, AM Wicke, D Wickens, JH Wielers, M Wilkinson, GR Williams, WSC Winter, M Witek, M Woschnagg, K Yip, K Yushchenko, O Zach, F Zaitsev, A Zalewska, A Zalewski, P Zavrtanik, D Zevgolatakos, E Zimin, NI Zito, M Zontar, D Zuberi, R Zucchelli, GC Zumerle, G AF Abreu, P Adam, W Adye, T Agasi, E Ajinenko, I Aleksan, R Alekseev, GD Alemany, R Allport, PP Almehed, S Amaldi, U Amato, S Andreazza, A Andrieux, ML Antilogus, P Apel, WD Arnoud, Y Asman, B Augustin, JE Augustinus, A Baillon, P Bambade, P Barao, F Barate, R Barbi, M Bardin, DY Baroncelli, A Barring, O Barrio, JA Bartl, W Bates, MJ Battaglia, M Baubillier, M Baudot, J Becks, KH Begalli, M Beilliere, P Belokopytov, Y Benvenuti, AC Berggren, M Bertrand, D Bianchi, F Bigi, M Bilenky, MS Billoir, P Bloch, D Blume, M Blyth, S Bolognese, T Bonesini, M Bonivento, W Booth, PSL Borisov, G Bosio, C Bosworth, S Botner, O Boudinov, E Bouquet, B Bourdarios, C Bowcock, TJV Bozzo, M Branchini, P Brand, KD Brenke, T Brenner, RA Bricman, C Brillault, L Brown, RCA Bruckman, P Brunet, JM Bugge, L Buran, T Burgsmueller, T Buschmann, P Buys, A Cabrera, S Caccia, M Calvi, M Rozas, AJC Camporesi, T Canale, V Canepa, M Cankocak, K Cao, F Carena, F Carroll, L Caso, C Gimenez, MVC Cattai, A Cavallo, FR Cerrito, L Chabaud, V Charpentier, P Chaussard, L Chauveau, J Checchia, P Chelkov, GA Chen, M Chierici, R Chliapnikov, P Chochula, P Chorowicz, V Chudoba, J Cindro, V Collins, P Contreras, JL Contri, R Cortina, E Cosme, G Cossutti, F Crawley, HB Crennell, D Crosetti, G Maestro, JC Czellar, S DahlJensen, E Dahm, J Dalmagne, B Dam, M Damgaard, G Dauncey, PD Davenport, M DaSilva, W Defoix, C Deghorain, A DellaRicca, G Delpierre, P Demaria, N DeAngelis, A DeBoer, W DeBrabandere, S DeClercq, C DelaVaissiere, C DeLotto, B DeMin, A DePaula, L DeSaintJean, C Dijkstra, H DiCiaccio, L Djama, F Dolbeau, J Donszelmann, M Doroba, K Dracos, M Drees, J Drees, KA Dris, M Dufour, Y Edsall, D Ehret, R Eigen, G Ekelof, T Ekspong, G Elsing, M Engel, JP Ershaidat, N Erzen, B Santo, ME Falk, E Fassouliotis, D Feindt, M Fenyuk, A Ferrer, A Filippas, TA Firestone, A Fischer, PA Foeth, H Fokitis, E Fontanelli, F Formenti, F Franek, B Frenkiel, P Fries, DC Frodesen, AG Fruhwirth, R FuldaQuenzer, F Fuster, J Galloni, A Gamba, D Gandelman, M Garcia, C Garcia, J Gaspar, C Gasparini, U Gavillet, P Gazis, EN Gele, D Gerber, JP Gibbs, M Gokieli, R Golob, B Gopal, G Gorn, L Gorski, M Gouz, Y Gracco, V Graziani, E Grosdidier, G Grzelak, K Gumenyuk, S Gunnarsson, P Gunther, M Guy, J Hahn, F Hahn, S Hajduk, Z Hallgren, A Hamacher, K Hao, W Harris, FJ Hedberg, V Henriques, R Hernandez, JJ Herquet, P Herr, H Hessing, TL Higon, E Hilke, HJ Hill, TS Holmgren, SO Holt, PJ Holthuizen, D Hoorelbeke, S Houlden, M Hrubec, J Huet, K Hultqvist, K Jackson, JN Jacobsson, R Jalocha, P Janik, R Jarlskog, C Jarlskog, G Jarry, P JeanMarie, B Johansson, EK Jonsson, L Jonsson, P Joram, C Juillot, P Kaiser, M Kapusta, F Karafasoulis, K Karlsson, M Karvelas, E Katargin, A Katsanevas, S Katsoufis, EC Keranen, R Khokhlov, Y Khomenko, BA Khovanski, NN King, B Kjaer, NJ Klein, H Klovning, A Kluit, P Koene, B Kokkinias, P Koratzinos, M Korcyl, K Kourkoumelis, C Kouznetsov, O Kramer, PH Krammer, M Kreuter, C Kronkvist, I Krumstein, Z Krupinski, W Kubinec, P Kucewicz, W Kurvinen, K Lacasta, C Laktineh, I Lamblot, S Lamsa, JW Lanceri, L Lane, DW Langefeld, P Last, I Laugier, JP Lauhakangas, R Ledroit, F Lefebure, V Legan, CK Leitner, R Lemoigne, Y Lemonne, J Lenzen, G Lepeltier, V Lesiak, T Liko, D Lindner, R Lipniacka, A Lippi, I Loerstad, B Loken, JG Lopez, JM Loukas, D Lutz, P Lyons, L MacNaughton, J Maehlum, G Maio, A Malychev, V Mandl, F Marco, J Marco, R Marechal, B Margoni, M Marin, JC Mariotti, C Markou, A Maron, T MartinezRivero, C MartinezVidal, F Garcia, SMI Masik, J Matorras, F Matteuzzi, C Matthiae, G Mazzucato, M McCubbin, M McKay, R McNulty, R Medbo, J Merk, M Meroni, C Meyer, S Meyer, WT Miagkov, A Michelotto, M Migliore, E Mirabito, L Mitaroff, WA Mjoernmark, U Moa, T Moeller, R Moenig, K Monge, MR Morettini, P Mueller, H Mundim, LM Murray, WJ Muryn, B Myatt, G Naraghi, F Navarria, FL Navas, S Nawrocki, K Negri, P Neumann, W Neumeister, N Nicolaidou, R Nielsen, BS Nieuwenhuizen, M Nikolaenko, V Niss, P Nomerotski, A Normand, A OberschulteBeckmann, W Obraztsov, V Olshevski, AG Onofre, A Orava, R Osterberg, K Ouraou, A Paganini, P Paganoni, M Pages, P Palka, H Papadopoulou, TD Papageorgiou, K Pape, L Parkes, C Parodi, F Passeri, A Pegoraro, M Pernegger, H Pernicka, M Perrotta, A Petridou, C Petrolini, A Petrovyck, M Phillips, HT Piana, G Pierre, F Pimenta, M Pindo, M Plaszczynski, S Podobrin, O Pol, ME Polok, G Poropat, P Pozdniakov, V Prest, M Privitera, P Pukhaeva, N Pullia, A Radojicic, D Ragazzi, S Rahmani, H Rames, J Ratoff, PN Read, AL Reale, M Rebecchi, P Redaelli, NG Regler, M Reid, D Renton, PB Resvanis, LK Richard, F Richardson, J Ridky, J Rinaudo, G Ripp, I Roncagliolo, I Ronchese, P Roos, L Rosenberg, EI Rosso, E Roudeau, P Rovelli, T Ruckstuhl, W RuhlmannKleider, V Ruiz, A Rybicki, K Saarikko, H Sacquin, Y Sadovsky, A Sajot, G Salt, J Sanchez, J Sannino, M Schimmelpfennig, M Schneider, H Schwickerath, U Schyns, MAE Sciolla, G Scuri, F Seager, P Sedykh, Y Segar, AM Seitz, A Sekulin, R Shellard, RC Siccama, I Siegrist, P Simonetti, S Simonetto, F Sisakian, AN Sitar, B Skaali, TB Smadja, G Smirnov, N Smirnova, O Smith, GR Solovianov, O Sosnowski, R SouzaSantos, D Spassov, T Spiriti, E Sponholz, P Squarcia, S Stanescu, C Stapnes, S Stavitski, I Stichelbaut, F Stocchi, A Strauss, J Strub, R Stugu, B Szczekowski, M Szeptycka, M Tabarelli, T Tavernet, JP Tchikilev, O Tilquin, A Timmermans, J Tkatchev, LG Todorov, T Toet, DZ Tomaradze, A Tome, B Tonazzo, A Tortora, L Transtromer, G Treille, D Trischuk, W Tristram, G Trombini, A Troncon, C Tsirou, A Turluer, ML Tyapkin, IA Tyndel, M Tzamarias, S Ueberschaer, B Ullaland, O Uvarov, V Valenti, G Vallazza, E VanderVelde, C VanApeldoorn, GW VanDam, P VanDoninck, WK VanEldik, J Vassilopoulos, N Vegni, G Ventura, L Venus, W Verbeure, F Verlato, M Vertogradov, LS Vilanova, D Vincent, P Vitale, L Vlasov, E Vodopyanov, AS Vrba, V Wahlen, H Walck, C Waldner, F Weierstall, M Weilhammer, P Weiser, C Wetherell, AM Wicke, D Wickens, JH Wielers, M Wilkinson, GR Williams, WSC Winter, M Witek, M Woschnagg, K Yip, K Yushchenko, O Zach, F Zaitsev, A Zalewska, A Zalewski, P Zavrtanik, D Zevgolatakos, E Zimin, NI Zito, M Zontar, D Zuberi, R Zucchelli, GC Zumerle, G TI Measurement of the partial decay width R(b)(0)=Gamma(b(b)over-bar)/Gamma(had) of the Z with the DELPHI detector at LEP SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK C-PARTICLES AND FIELDS LA English DT Article AB The partial decay width of the Z to quark pairs has been measured by the DELPHI detector at LEP. B-hadrons, containing b-quarks, were tagged by several methods using tracks with large impact parameters to the primary vertex complemented sometimes by event shape variables or using leptons with high transverse momentum relative to the hadron, In order to reduce the systematic uncertainties, in all methods the b-tagging efficiency has been extracted directly from the data. Combining all methods, the value: Gamma()/Gamma(had) = 0.2216 +/- 0.0016(stat.) +/- 0.0021(syst.) was found, where the production fraction was fixed to its Standard Model value. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV INSTELLING ANTWERP,DEPT PHYS,B-2610 WILRIJK,BELGIUM. VUB,ULB,IIHE,B-1050 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. UNIV MONS,FAC SCI,B-7000 MONS,BELGIUM. UNIV ATHENS,PHYS LAB,GR-10680 ATHENS,GREECE. UNIV BERGEN,DEPT PHYS,N-5007 BERGEN,NORWAY. UNIV BOLOGNA,DIPARTMENTO FIS,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. CTR BRASILEIRO PESQUISAS FIS,BR-22290 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. PONTIFICIA UNIV CATOLICA RIO DE JANEIRO,DEPT FIS,BR-22453 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. UNIV ESTADUAL RIO DE JANEIRO,INST FIS,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. COMENIUS UNIV BRATISLAVA,FAC MATH & PHYS,SK-84215 BRATISLAVA,SLOVAKIA. COLL FRANCE,PHYS CORPUSCULAIRE LAB,CNRS,IN2P3,F-75231 PARIS 05,FRANCE. CERN,CH-1211 GENEVA 23,SWITZERLAND. ULP,CTR RECH NUCL,IN2P3,CNRS,F-67037 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. NATL CTR SCI RES DEMOKRITOS,INST NUCL PHYS,GR-15310 ATHENS,GREECE. ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBL,INST PHYS,FZU,DIV HIGH ENERGY PHYS,CR-18040 PRAGUE,CZECH REPUBLIC. UNIV GENOA,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-16146 GENOA,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-16146 GENOA,ITALY. UNIV GRENOBLE 1,INST NUCL SCI,CNRS,IN2P3,F-38026 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. SEFT,HIGH ENERGY PHYS RES INST,FIN-00014 HELSINKI,FINLAND. JOINT INST NUCL RES,DUBNA 101000,RUSSIA. UNIV KARLSRUHE,INST EXPTL KERNPHYS,D-76128 KARLSRUHE,GERMANY. INST NUCL PHYS,PL-30055 KRAKOW,POLAND. UNIV MIN & MET KRAKOW,PL-30055 KRAKOW,POLAND. UNIV PARIS 11,ACCELERATEUR LINEAIRE LAB,CNRS,IN2P3,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. UNIV LANCASTER,SCH PHYS & MAT,LANCASTER LA1 4YB,ENGLAND. UNIV LIVERPOOL,DEPT PHYS,LIVERPOOL L69 3BX,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND. LUND UNIV,DEPT PHYS,S-22363 LUND,SWEDEN. UNIV LYON 1,IPNL,CNRS,IN2P3,F-69622 VILLEURBANNE,FRANCE. UNIV COMPLUTENSE MADRID,E-28040 MADRID,SPAIN. UNIV AIX MARSEILLE 2,CPP,CNRS,IN2P3,F-13288 MARSEILLE 09,FRANCE. UNIV PARIS 06,LPHNE,CNRS,IN2P3,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. UNIV PARIS 07,LPHNE,CNRS,IN2P3,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. UNIV MILAN,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY. NIELS BOHR INST,DK-2100 COPENHAGEN 0,DENMARK. NIKHEF H,NL-1009 DB AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. NATL TECH UNIV ATHENS,DEPT PHYS,GR-15773 ATHENS,GREECE. UNIV OSLO,DEPT PHYS,N-1000 OSLO 3,NORWAY. CHARLES UNIV,MFF,NUCL CTR,CR-18000 PRAGUE 8,CZECH REPUBLIC. UNIV OVIEDO,DEPT FIS,E-33006 OVIEDO,SPAIN. UNIV OXFORD,DEPT PHYS,OXFORD OX1 3RH,ENGLAND. UNIV PADUA,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-35131 PADUA,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-35131 PADUA,ITALY. RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB,DIDCOT OX11 0QX,OXON,ENGLAND. UNIV ROMA TOR VERGATA,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-00173 ROME,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-00173 ROME,ITALY. CENS,DAPNIA,DSM,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,IST SUPER SANITA,I-00161 ROME,ITALY. UC,CSIC,INST FIS CANTABRIA,E-39006 SANTANDER,SPAIN. INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS,PROTVINO,RUSSIA. UNIV LJUBLJANA,JOZEF STEFAN INST,SL-61000 LJUBLJANA,SLOVENIA. UNIV LJUBLJANA,DEPT PHYS,SL-61000 LJUBLJANA,SLOVENIA. UNIV STOCKHOLM,S-11385 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. UNIV TURIN,DIPARTIMENTO FIS SPERIMENTALE,I-10125 TURIN,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-10125 TURIN,ITALY. UNIV TRIESTE,DIPARTMENTO FIS,I-34127 TRIESTE,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-34127 TRIESTE,ITALY. UNIV UDINE,IST FIS,I-33100 UDINE,ITALY. FED UNIV RIO DE JANEIRO,BR-21945970 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. UNIV UPPSALA,DEPT RADIAT SCI,S-75121 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. UNIV VALENCIA,CSIC,IFIC,E-46100 BURJASSOT,VALENCIA,SPAIN. UNIV VALENCIA,DFAMN,E-46100 BURJASSOT,VALENCIA,SPAIN. OSTERR AKAD WISSENSCH,INST HOCHENERGIEPHYS,A-1050 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. INST NUCL STUDIES,PL-00681 WARSAW,POLAND. UNIV WARSAW,PL-00681 WARSAW,POLAND. UNIV GESAMTHSCH WUPPERTAL,FACHBEREICH PHYS,D-42097 WUPPERTAL,GERMANY. RP Abreu, P (reprint author), LIP,IST,FCUL,AV ELIAS GARCIA 14-1,P-1000 LISBON,PORTUGAL. RI Contreras Gonzalez, Jose Luis/K-7255-2014; Abreu, Pedro/L-2220-2014; Navas, Sergio/N-4649-2014; Barao, Fernando/O-2357-2016; Barrio, Juan/L-3227-2014; Zaitsev, Alexandre/B-8989-2017; Hallgren, Allan/A-8963-2013; Botner, Olga/A-9110-2013; Michelotto, Michele/A-9571-2013; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Zalewski, Piotr/H-7335-2013; Marti-Garcia, Salvador/F-3085-2011; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Ridky, Jan/H-6184-2014; Chudoba, Jiri/G-7737-2014; Tome, Bernardo/J-4410-2013; Fernandez, Ester/K-9734-2014; Espirito Santo, Maria Catarina/L-2341-2014; branchini, paolo/A-4857-2011; Krammer, Manfred/A-6508-2010; De Saint Jean, Cyrille/E-8853-2011; Shellard, Ronald/G-4825-2012; Petrolini, Alessandro/H-3782-2011; Fruhwirth, Rudolf/H-2529-2012; Andreazza, Attilio/E-5642-2011; Verlato, Marco/J-4604-2012; Dracos, Marcos/K-2335-2012; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Katsanevas, Stavros/A-4297-2011; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Pimenta, Mario/M-1741-2013; gandelman, miriam/N-3739-2014; Ragazzi, Stefano/D-2463-2009; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Matorras, Francisco/I-4983-2015; Ferrer, Antonio/H-2942-2015; Rovelli, Tiziano/K-4432-2015; Smirnova, Oxana/A-4401-2013; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Olshevskiy, Alexander/I-1580-2016; Rames, Jiri/H-2450-2014; Paganoni, Marco/A-4235-2016 OI Contreras Gonzalez, Jose Luis/0000-0001-7282-2394; Abreu, Pedro/0000-0002-9973-7314; Navas, Sergio/0000-0003-1688-5758; Barao, Fernando/0000-0002-8346-9941; Barrio, Juan/0000-0002-0965-0259; Zaitsev, Alexandre/0000-0002-4961-8368; Michelotto, Michele/0000-0001-6644-987X; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Ridky, Jan/0000-0001-6697-1393; Tome, Bernardo/0000-0002-7564-8392; Espirito Santo, Maria Catarina/0000-0003-1286-7288; Krammer, Manfred/0000-0003-2257-7751; Shellard, Ronald/0000-0002-2983-1815; Petrolini, Alessandro/0000-0003-0222-7594; Andreazza, Attilio/0000-0001-5161-5759; Verlato, Marco/0000-0003-1967-7655; Dracos, Marcos/0000-0003-0514-193X; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Pimenta, Mario/0000-0002-2590-0908; Ragazzi, Stefano/0000-0001-8219-2074; Matorras, Francisco/0000-0003-4295-5668; Ferrer, Antonio/0000-0003-0532-711X; Rovelli, Tiziano/0000-0002-9746-4842; Smirnova, Oxana/0000-0003-2517-531X; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Olshevskiy, Alexander/0000-0002-8902-1793; Paganoni, Marco/0000-0003-2461-275X NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0170-9739 J9 Z PHYS C PART FIELDS JI Z. Phys. C-Part. Fields PD MAY PY 1996 VL 70 IS 4 BP 531 EP 547 DI 10.1007/s002880050131 PG 17 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA UL967 UT WOS:A1996UL96700001 ER PT J AU Subramanian, K Holowka, D Baird, B Goldstein, B AF Subramanian, K Holowka, D Baird, B Goldstein, B TI The Fc segment of IgE influences the kinetics of dissociation of a symmetrical bivalent ligand from cyclic dimeric complexes SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BASOPHILIC LEUKEMIA-CELLS; BOUND IMMUNOGLOBULIN-E; RECEPTOR COMPLEXES; DIVALENT HAPTENS; CLASS ANTIBODIES; CROSS-LINKING; DIMERIZATION KINETICS; SURFACE ANTIBODY; BINDING; FLEXIBILITY AB As part of a systematic effort to determine the features of immunoglobulin E-receptor (IgE-Fc epsilon RI) aggregation that are critical for cellular activation, we used fluorescence to examine the dissociation of a soluble bivalent ligand, N,N'-bis[[epsilon-[(2,4-dinitrophenyl)amino]caproyl]-L-tyrosyl]-L-cystine ((DCT)(2)-cys), from soluble bivalent IgE and its bivalent F(ab')(2) and monovalent Fab' fragments. Cross-linking of Fab' fragments by (DCT)(2)-cys is limited to linear dimers, and we find that (DCT)(2)-cys dissociation from Fab' occurs with a single kinetic coefficient [(4.2 +/- 0.6) x 10(-3) s(-1)] that corresponds to the lower of the two kinetic coefficients observed with the bivalent IgE [(4.7 +/- 0.7) x 10(-2) s(-1) and (4.4 +/- 0.3) x 10(-3) s(-1)]. Similarly, the lower value is obtained for dissociation of (DCT)(2)-cys that is monovalently bound to IgE after incubation with a large excess of the ligand. (DCT)(2)-cys can bind to bivalent F(ab')(2) fragments and form a variety of linear and cyclic aggregates, similarly to IgE, but, unlike IgE, we find that dissociation occurs with a single kinetic coefficient similar to that observed for Fab'. We find that IgE and its (Fab')(2) fragments form highly stable cyclic dimer rings with two (DCT)(2)-cys. We demonstrate that the kinetic coefficients are independent of enhanced fluorescence quenching observed for bound sites in cyclic dimers. Together, the results show that the rate constant for breaking a linear cross-link formed by (DCT)(2)-cys is the same as that for dissociation of the monovalently bound (DCT)(2)-cys. Further, they show that opening of a bond in a dimer ring for the F(ab')(2) fragment occurs with approximately the same dissociation rate constant as opening a bond in a linear cross-link. This rate constant is about three times smaller than that observed with IgE, suggesting that steric strain is caused by apposed Fc segments in cyclic IgE dimers. Such structural interference may affect the functional consequences of IgE-Fc epsilon RI aggregation on the cell surface. C1 CORNELL UNIV,BAKER LAB,DEPT CHEM,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV CALIF LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,BIOPHYS GRP,T 10,MS K710,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI22449]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM35556] NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 35 IS 17 BP 5518 EP 5527 DI 10.1021/bi9523522 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA UH708 UT WOS:A1996UH70800020 PM 8611543 ER PT J AU Witonsky, S Foster, C Bowen, J Neilsen, N Siebenlist, U Woychik, RP Wilkinson, JE AF Witonsky, S Foster, C Bowen, J Neilsen, N Siebenlist, U Woychik, RP Wilkinson, JE TI Pathobiology of NF-KB transgenic mice. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,COLL VET MED,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 266 EP 266 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86100497 ER PT J AU Bennett, T Sklar, LA Rogelj, S AF Bennett, T Sklar, LA Rogelj, S TI A metalloprotease inhibitor blocks the shedding of L-selectin from leukocytes. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 764 EP 764 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86100994 ER PT J AU Xu, KL Goldstein, B Holowka, D Baird, B AF Xu, KL Goldstein, B Holowka, D Baird, B TI Kinetics of multivalent antigen DNP-BSA binding to IgE-Fc epsilon RI in relationship to RBL-2H3 cell activation. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1254 EP 1254 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86101482 ER PT J AU Davies, D Adam, R Murray, M Niyogi, S Chamberlin, S AF Davies, D Adam, R Murray, M Niyogi, S Chamberlin, S TI The mitogenic effect of low affinity ligands is enhanced by overexpression of EGF receptors SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CRC,MED ONCOL UNIT,SOUTHAMPTON SO16 6YD,HANTS,ENGLAND. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 2172 EP 2172 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86102399 ER PT J AU Murray, MB Lamerdin, JA Nandagopal, K Niyogi, SK Serpersu, EH AF Murray, MB Lamerdin, JA Nandagopal, K Niyogi, SK Serpersu, EH TI H-1-NMR pH titration analysis of the aromatic sidechains of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,OAK RIDGE GRAD SCH BIOMED SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT BIOCHEM,DEPT BIOCHEM CELL & MOLEC BIOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 2309 EP 2309 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86102537 ER PT J AU Bissell, MJ AF Bissell, MJ TI The central role of extracellular matrix (ECM) in integration of growth, differentiation and apoptosis. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 2431 EP 2431 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86102658 ER PT J AU Brandes, HK Larimer, FW Hartman, FC AF Brandes, HK Larimer, FW Hartman, FC TI Pathway of thiol-disulfide exchange between phosphoribulokinase (PRK) and thioredoxin f(Trx) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,PROT ENGN PROGRAM,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 2924 EP 2924 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86103156 ER PT J AU Harpel, MR Hartmann, FC AF Harpel, MR Hartmann, FC TI Catalytic roles of Lys166 of Rhodospirillum rubrum ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase/oxygenase. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,PROT ENG PROG BIOL DIV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP C25 EP C25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86100073 ER PT J AU Anderson, CW AF Anderson, CW TI The DNA-activated protein kinase, DNA-PK. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP D17 EP D17 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86100016 ER PT J AU Cary, RB Chen, FQ Shen, ZY Kurimasa, A Chen, DJ AF Cary, RB Chen, FQ Shen, ZY Kurimasa, A Chen, DJ TI Identification of Ku and DNA-PKcs domains responsible for Ku heterodimer and DNA-PK holoenzyme assembly. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP D23 EP D23 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86100024 ER PT J AU Chen, FQ Cary, RB Peterson, SR Chen, DJ AF Chen, FQ Cary, RB Peterson, SR Chen, DJ TI Characterization of Ku70 stability and Ku70 C-terminal DNA end-binding activity SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP D27 EP D27 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86100029 ER PT J AU Ludwig, D Chen, F Li, G Nussenzweig, A Chen, D AF Ludwig, D Chen, F Li, G Nussenzweig, A Chen, D TI Cloning and characterization of the Ku80 promoter. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10021. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP D26 EP D26 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86100026 ER PT J AU Peterson, SR Stackhouse, M Chen, FQ Bradbury, EM Chen, DJ AF Peterson, SR Stackhouse, M Chen, FQ Bradbury, EM Chen, DJ TI The DNA double-strand break repair mutant cell line IRS-20 expresses an inactive DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP D25 EP D25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86100025 ER PT J AU Shen, ZY PardingtonPurtymun, PE Cary, RB Peterson, SR Comeaux, JC Chen, DJ AF Shen, ZY PardingtonPurtymun, PE Cary, RB Peterson, SR Comeaux, JC Chen, DJ TI hRAP12, a human ubiquitin-like nuclear protein that associates with human RAD51/RAD52 proteins. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP D24 EP D24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86100023 ER PT J AU Nandagopal, K Niyogi, SK AF Nandagopal, K Niyogi, SK TI Characterization of a human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) mutant with partial agonist activity. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,OAK RIDGE GRAD SCH BIOMED SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,PROT ENGN PROGRAM,DIV BIOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP P38 EP P38 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86100197 ER PT J AU Solic, N Murray, M Chamberlin, S Niyogi, S Davies, D AF Solic, N Murray, M Chamberlin, S Niyogi, S Davies, D TI A high intensity signal is required for EGF receptor mediated morphogenesis and migration. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CRC,MED ONCOL UNIT,SOUTHAMPTON SO16 6YD,HANTS,ENGLAND. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP P34 EP P34 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86100195 ER PT J AU Mergenthaler, JL Kumer, JB Roche, AE Nightingale, RW Potter, JF Gille, JC Massie, ST Bailey, PL Edwards, D Connell, PS Kinnison, DE Gunson, MR Abrams, MC Toon, GC Sen, B Blavier, JF Murcray, DG Murcray, FJ Goldman, A AF Mergenthaler, JL Kumer, JB Roche, AE Nightingale, RW Potter, JF Gille, JC Massie, ST Bailey, PL Edwards, D Connell, PS Kinnison, DE Gunson, MR Abrams, MC Toon, GC Sen, B Blavier, JF Murcray, DG Murcray, FJ Goldman, A TI Validation of CLAES ClONO2 measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE NITRATE; OZONE DEPLETION; TRACE GASES; SPECTRA; STRATOSPHERE; SPECTROMETER; ANTARCTICA; HNO3; CONSTITUENTS; TEMPERATURE AB The cryogenic limb array etalon spectrometer (CLAES) aboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite has made extensive measurements of thermal infrared radiation from the Earth's limb from which vertical concentration profiles of several stratospheric gases and multiwavelength aerosol absorption coefficients have been retrieved for the period from January 9, 1992, to May 5, 1993. This work examines stratospheric ClONO2 concentrations from the current calibration and retrieval software which are designated version 7 data. These data provide the first near-global view of this stratospheric species. This work evaluates data quality through (1) an analysis of estimated uncertainties and biases in the remote sensing process, (2) comparison with calculations using a two-dimensional chemical model, (3) comparison with correlative data, and (4) an examination of various known limitations. The precision of CLAES ClONO2 volume mixing ratio retrievals are within 15% in the range (10 < P < 50 mbar). The upper limit on estimated systematic error is 28% in the range (10 < P < 100 mbar) based on studies of error sources in midlatitude retrievals. The global distribution of ClONO2 computed with the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory two-dimensional stratospheric chemistry model and the CLAES measurements agree qualitatively. However, above the profile peak the calculated concentration frequently exceeds the measurement. CLAES and ATMOS measurements show relatively good midlatitude agreement, suggesting that the major sourer of discrepancy is in the model. A possible explanation in terms of a missing reaction ClO + OH --> HCl + O-2 is suggested. Also, the ClONO2 diurnal cycle constructed from more than 30 days of CLAES data agrees well with the model. The CLAES ClONO2 data differ from correlative data acquired on flights of the shuttle-based ATMOS and balloon-borne instruments by less than 25% on the average in the 10 < P < 50 mbar range. At altitudes above 10 mbar the CLAES measurement is biased low with respect to correlative measurements. This discrepancy at high altitudes is consistent with the analysis showing a large increase of systematic errors above 10 mbar. Heavy tropical volcanic aerosol from the Mount Pinatubo eruption in June 1991 apparently interfered with ClONO2 retrievals in the period before July 1992, causing anomalous peaks in the 20 < P < 30 mbar region accompanied by very small concentrations below the peak (P > 30 mbar). A similar effect associated with thick polar stratospheric clouds is identified. Overall, this validation study indicates that the majority of these data are of good quality and should be very useful in quantitative and qualitative chemical studies of the stratosphere. C1 CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. UNIV DENVER, DEPT PHYS, DENVER, CO 80210 USA. RP Mergenthaler, JL (reprint author), LOCKHEED PALO ALTO RES LABS, 3251 HANOVER ST, ORG 9120, BLDG 252, PALO ALTO, CA 94304 USA. NR 47 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 101 IS D6 BP 9603 EP 9620 DI 10.1029/96JD00449 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UJ404 UT WOS:A1996UJ40400005 ER PT J AU Kumer, JB Mergenthaler, JL Roche, AE Nightingale, RW Zele, F Gille, JC Massie, ST Bailey, PL Connell, PS Gunson, MR Abrams, MC Toon, GC Sen, B Blavier, JF Smith, SE Taylor, FW AF Kumer, JB Mergenthaler, JL Roche, AE Nightingale, RW Zele, F Gille, JC Massie, ST Bailey, PL Connell, PS Gunson, MR Abrams, MC Toon, GC Sen, B Blavier, JF Smith, SE Taylor, FW TI Comparison of CLAES preliminary N2O5 data with correlative data and a model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC N2O5; SPACELAB-3; SPECTRA; CH4 AB The cryogenic limb etalon array spectrometer (CLAES) aboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) has made near-global measurements of N2O5. Data for 388 days have been processed to version 7 (V7) for the period from January 9, 1992, to April 25, 1993. Results from UARS instruments, including CLAES and the improved stratospheric and mesospheric sounder (ISAMS) provide the first near-global N2O5 measurements. Retrieval below 3.16 mbar is adversely affected by aerosols and above 1.47 mbar by lack of signal and possible instrument effects, so data usage is recommended for just the three ''UARs: pressure surfaces'' 3.16, 2.15, and 1.47 mbar. A comparison of the diurnal data variation with the model suggests there are offsets in the data that are to first order diurnally independent. These offsets are tabulated to facilitate subtraction, which is recommended for most data applications. Candidate mechanisms for the offsets are discussed. Comparisons of CLAES data with the offsets subtracted, with profiles obtained by the shuttle-deployed Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) experiment and concurrent ISAMS profiles, and with a profile obtained by the balloon-borne NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) MARK IV Instrument, show poorest agreement in equatorial regions at 3.15 mbar where CLAES values are larger by about 30 to 40%. At higher altitudes and latitudes the comparison improves and tends toward consistency with systematic error estimates that are based on instrument and retrieval process characterization and range from 14% at 3.16 mbar to 21% at 1.47 mbar. A similar estimate of random CLAES error ranges from 7% at 3.16 mbar 26% at 1.47 mbar. By comparison, the average values of the error estimates generated by the production processing algorithm at 3.16 and 1.47 mbar are 8 and 36%, respectively, and the average values derived from the observed data variability are 19 and 24%. Confidence is enhanced by the good global scale agreement and correlation of CLAES and ISAMS during an N2O5 enhancement event in early-mid-January 1992 polar winter, in which values >5.5 parts per billion at 3.16 mbar by volume are observed. A description of artifacts that may occur at 3.16 mbar and much less frequently at 2.15 mbar, during this and other enhancement conditions, and the demonstrated approach to eliminate these in future versions, is given in the text. C1 CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. UNIV OXFORD, DEPT PHYS, OXFORD, ENGLAND. RP Kumer, JB (reprint author), LOCKHEED MARTIN PALO ALTO RES LAB, 3251 HANOVER ST, PALO ALTO, CA 94304 USA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 101 IS D6 BP 9657 EP 9677 DI 10.1029/95JD03767 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UJ404 UT WOS:A1996UJ40400007 ER PT J AU Nightingale, RW Roche, AE Kumer, JB Mergenthaler, JL Gille, JC Massie, ST Bailey, PL Edwards, DP Gunson, MR Toon, GC Sen, B Blavier, JF Connell, PS AF Nightingale, RW Roche, AE Kumer, JB Mergenthaler, JL Gille, JC Massie, ST Bailey, PL Edwards, DP Gunson, MR Toon, GC Sen, B Blavier, JF Connell, PS TI Global CF2Cl2 measurements by UARS cryogenic limb array etalon spectrometer: Validation by correlative data and a model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; ANTARCTIC VORTEX; NUMERICAL-MODEL; SOURCE GASES; OZONE; STRATOSPHERE; CHLORINE; N2O; TRANSPORT; CH4 AB The cryogenic limb array etalon spectrometer (CLAES) onboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) has obtained the first global measurements of CF2Cl2 over six seasons, for which 388 days have been processed in data version 7 for the period from January 9, 1992, to May 5, 1993. The CLAES measurements provide a near-global view of this stratospheric species, greatly extending the altitude, latitude, and seasonal coverage of previous measurements. This work evaluates CLAES version 7 data set quality. To arrive at estimates of experimental error, we compared the CLAES CF2Cl2 profiles with all of the available correlative data from balloon and space-borne sensors, and we looked at the repeatability of multiple profiles in the same location. In addition, we carried out empirical estimates of experimental error based on knowledge of instrument characteristics, and we performed consistency checks using the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory two-dimensional (LLNL-2D) model and the CLAES N2O data set. Both the range of mean differences between CLAES and the available correlative data and the empirical estimates of the instrument systematic error indicate a CF2Cl2 profile systematic error of 14% over the range of 18.7 through 32 km and 22% for 33-35 km and 16-18 km. These systematic errors are applicable in the spring through fall seasons for the midlatitude region and all seasons in the tropical region. The CF2Cl2 estimated random errors, which are close to the observed data repeatability, are 32 to 11 pptv between 17 and 32 km and translate to an average 9% in the low to midstratosphere. The altitude range of best confidence for the CF2Cl2 mixing ratio profiles is 18.7 to 32 km (similar to 68 to 10 mbar), to which we assign an accuracy (root-sum-square of systematic and random errors) of similar to 17%. In the tropics the profiles from 16 to about 26 km may sometimes be biased low by up to 14% due to a data processing algorithm constraint. The CLAES CF2Cl2 global fields show generally good spatial correlation and exhibit the major morphological and seasonal features seen in other global tracer field data. Overall, the results of this validation exercise indicate that the CLAES version 7 CF2Cl2 data set, within the limitations discussed in the paper, can be used for quantitative and qualitative studies of stratospheric structure and dynamics. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RP Nightingale, RW (reprint author), LOCKHEED MARTIN RES & DEV, DEPT 91-20, BLDG 252, 3251 HANOVER ST, PALO ALTO, CA 94304 USA. NR 53 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 101 IS D6 BP 9711 EP 9736 DI 10.1029/96JD00597-A PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UJ404 UT WOS:A1996UJ40400009 ER PT J AU Biner, SB AF Biner, SB TI A finite element method analysis of the role of interface behavior in the creep rupture characteristics of a discontinuously reinforced composite with sliding grain boundaries SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE finite element method; interfacial behaviour; creep cavitation; rupture characteristics ID DIFFUSIVE CAVITATION; POLYCRYSTALS; DEFORMATION; GROWTH; CRACKS; DAMAGE; FACETS; FLOW AB In this study, the role of interfacial behavior in the creep cavitation and rupture characteristics of a discontinuously reinforced composite is investigated by using the finite element method and the results are compared with the results obtained for an unreinforced polycrystalline matrix material having identical grain morphology. Free sliding of the grain boundaries, a continuous nucleation of the grain boundary cavities, their diffusional growth and coalescence to form grain boundary facet cracks are fully accounted for in the analyses. Although the composites having failure at the interface exhibited significantly lower minimum creep rates, their rupture time could be as short as or even shorter than that seen for the unreinforced polycrystalline matrix material. In contrast with the behavior of polycrystalline matrix material, in composites after the formation of the first facet crack, resulting from the coalescence of cavities, a significant time is required for the formation of the other grain boundary facet cracks across the ligament to cause final rupture. Therefore, the life predictions based on the models of cavity coalescence on a single grain boundary facet or interfacial debonding will significantly underestimate the composite creep life. RP Biner, SB (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 208 IS 2 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1016/0921-5093(95)10045-8 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA UR453 UT WOS:A1996UR45300011 ER PT J AU Atwood, D Eilam, G Soni, A AF Atwood, D Eilam, G Soni, A TI Pure leptonic radiative decays B-+/-,D-s->l nu gamma and the annihilation graph SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article AB Pure leptonic radiative decays of heavy-light mesons are calculated using a very simple nonrelativistic model. For B-+/- the dominant contribution originates from photon emission from light initial quark. Emission of the photon overcomes the helicity suppression and leads to Br(B-+/- --> l nu gamma) similar to 3.5 x 10(-6) (which is about 16 times more than Br(B-+/- --> mu + v)). Also, we find Br(D-s --> l nu gamma) similar to 2.6 x 10(-5). The importance of these reactions in clarifying the dynamics of the annihilation graph is emphasized. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. TECHNION ISRAEL INST TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,IL-32000 HAIFA,ISRAEL. RP Atwood, D (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,DEPT PHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 19 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 11 IS 13 BP 1061 EP 1067 DI 10.1142/S0217732396001090 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA UN828 UT WOS:A1996UN82800004 ER PT J AU Chen, MJ Nunez, L Rathke, JW Rogers, RD AF Chen, MJ Nunez, L Rathke, JW Rogers, RD TI Hydrido(1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octa-n-pentylphthalocyaninato)-rhodium dimers: Single-crystal X-ray structure and the isomerization of the four isomers SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; COMPLEXES; PHTHALOCYANINES; PORPHYRIN AB The hydrido(phthalocyaninato)rhodium dimer [(R(8)Pc)RhH](2) (1; R(8)Pc(2-) = dianion of 1,4,8,-11,15,18,22,25-octa-n-pentylphthalocyanine) was synthesized from the reaction of [(R(8)Pc)(MeOH)(2)Rh]Cl with H-2 at 110 degrees C in 1-pentanol. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study shows that 1 is a dimer. The two Pc ligands are essentially planar and staggered by 35(2)degrees. The two Rh atoms are not significantly displaced from the planes of the ligands; they are separated by 3.347(3) Angstrom. This long Rh-Ph separation suggests that 1 has a bridging hydride ligand. The dimeric structure of 1 is maintained in benzene solution. The H-1 NMR spectra show that 1 contains one Rh-H and one N-H moiety for every two R(8)Pc(2-) ligands. The nu(NH) band at 3373 cm(-1) (the nu(ND) band at 2478 cm(-1)) supports the presence of an N-H moiety in 1. Our belief that protonation occurs on a meso (or peripheral) nitrogen, rather than a pyrrolic nitrogen, is derived from X-ray structural data and H-1 NMR results. (1) No uniquely long Rh-N bond is present, and all four pyrrolic nitrogens remain on the same plane, along with the Rh atom. (2) The chemical shift of delta 11.6 ppm for the N-H proton indicates that it is highly deshielded and, therefore, lies outside the extended ring currents of the Pc ligand. Therefore, the hydride-bridged isomer (R(8)PcH)Rh(mu u-H)Rh(R(8)Pc) (1a), in which the proton of R(8)PcH(-) resides on a meso nitrogen, is proposed for 1 in the solid state and in benzene solution. Variable-temperature H-1 NMR studies of 1 in toluene-d(8) indicate that when T greater than or equal to 115 degrees C, 1 dissociates into the monomeric hydride complex (R(8)Pc)RhH (2); when T less than or equal to -25 degrees C, four isomers of 1, all of which have one Rh-H and one N-H moiety, are reversibly formed. Two isomers (1b and 1c), which exhibit fine structure in the hydride resonance due to their coupling to two inequivalent Rh nuclei, are assigned to two rotamers of the terminal hydride dimer (R(8)PcH)RhRh(R(8)Pc)H. The fourth isomer (1d), which is the only isomer present at -85 degrees C, is assumed to be another hydride-bridged dimer, i.e., a rotamer of 1a. C1 NO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT CHEM,DE KALB,IL 60115. RP Chen, MJ (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Rogers, Robin/C-8265-2013 OI Rogers, Robin/0000-0001-9843-7494 NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 15 IS 9 BP 2338 EP 2344 DI 10.1021/om950908b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA UJ220 UT WOS:A1996UJ22000021 ER PT J AU Brown, DS Delville, MH Vollhardt, KPC Astruc, D AF Brown, DS Delville, MH Vollhardt, KPC Astruc, D TI Use of the electron-reservoir [Fe(I)Cp(arene)] sandwiches as efficient and selective electrocatalysts: Syntheses of homo- and heterodinuclear zwitterionic transition-metal fulvalene complexes SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Review ID CARBON-MONOXIDE SUBSTITUTION; M = FE; PHOTOCHEMICAL DISPROPORTIONATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NUCLEOPHILIC-SUBSTITUTION; 19-ELECTRON COMPLEXES; VANADIUM HEXACARBONYL; CATALYZED CHELATION; CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY; REDOX CHEMISTRY AB The electron-reservoir complexes [Fe(I)Cp(C6H6)], [Fe(I)Cp(C(6)Me(6))], and [Fe(I)Cp*(C(6)Me(6))] (Cp = eta(5)-C5H5; Cp* = eta(5)-C(5)Me(5)) have been used as initiators in THF for the electron-transfer-chain-catalyzed (electrocatalyzed) synthesis of the homobimetallic zwitterions [(Co)(3)M(-)FvM(+)(Co)(2)(PR(3))(2)] (M = Mo, W; Fv = mu(2)-eta(10)-fulvalene; R = Me, OMe) from [M(2)Fv-(CO)(6)] and PR(3) and of the heterobimetallic zwitterions [(CO)(3)M(I)FvM(2)(CO)(PR(3))(2)] (M(1) = Mo, W; M(2) = Fe, Ru) from [M(1)M(2)Fv(CO)(5)] and PR(3). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments (DMF, 0.1 M n-Bu(4)NBF(4), Pt, 0.400 V s(-1)) show that the CV's of the homobimetallic starting materials are unchanged in the presence of PR(3) (R = Me, OMe) whereas those of the heterobimetallic complexes in the presence of PMe(3) show only the CV's of the zwitterions. This indicates that the electrocatalytic process of the homobimetallic complexes is slow on the electrochemical time scale whereas that of the heterobimetallic complexes with PMe(3) is fast on the same time scale. This dichotomy is taken into account in terms of the very low concentration of the primary radical anion responsible for the reactivity with PR(3) in the case of the homodinuclear systems due to an intrinsically high disproportionation constant (K-disp); with heterodinuclear complexes, the dissymmetry is responsible for a relatively good thermodynamic stability and, thus, a higher concentration of the primary radical anion [(CO)(3)M(1) (-)FvM(2)(CO)(2)(.)], which reacts with PR(3). The effect of the PMe(3) concentration is also important, consistent with second-order kinetics. Subsequently, the K-disp values are qualitatively found in the following order, which is opposite to that of the electrocatalytic reactivity: RuRu(unreactive) >> WW > MoMo > 1 > RuMo, RuW > FeW. In THF, initiation with [Fe(I)Cp(C(6)Me(6)s)] of the reaction of [(CO)(3)WFvRu(CO2)] with PR(3) yields the monophosphine zwitterionic adduct [(CO)(3)W-FVRu+(C0)2(PMe3)], whose formation is partially driven by its insolubility. On the other hand, with [FeCp*(C(6)Me(6))] as the initiator, the bis(phosphine) zwitterion [(CO)(3)W(-)FvRu(+)(CO)(PMe(3))(2)] is formed as a result of the stronger driving force in the initiation electron-transfer step. The synergistic roles of the insolubility of the monophosphine intermediate and of the driving force provided by the electron-reservoir initiator are confirmed for electrocatalytic experiments in solvents of high dielectric constants (synthesis in MeCN or electrochemistry in DMF) in which the monophosphine zwitterion is neither formed nor detected. In conclusion, initiation of electrocatalytic reactions by the electron-reservoir [Fe(I)Cp(arene)] complexes is very useful(cobaltocene is inefficient in many cases), highly efficient (no side reactions), and highly selective (as a function of the number of Me groups on the ligands providing a wide range of redox potentials). C1 UNIV BORDEAUX 1,CHIM ORGAN & ORGANOMET LAB,URA CNRS 35,F-33405 TALENCE,FRANCE. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RI DELVILLE, Marie-Helene/C-6040-2011 OI DELVILLE, Marie-Helene/0000-0001-8863-8225 NR 123 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 15 IS 9 BP 2360 EP 2372 DI 10.1021/om960003d PG 13 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA UJ220 UT WOS:A1996UJ22000025 ER PT J AU Knight, A Batzer, MA Stoneking, M Tiwari, HK Scheer, WD Herrera, RJ Deininger, PL AF Knight, A Batzer, MA Stoneking, M Tiwari, HK Scheer, WD Herrera, RJ Deininger, PL TI DNA sequences of Alu elements indicate a recent replacement of the human autosomal genetic complement SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE evolution; population genetics; nuclear alleles; nucleotide diversity ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; HUMAN-EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; DROSOPHILA; DIVERSITY; FLOW; RNA AB DNA sequences of neutral nuclear autosomal loci, compared across diverse human populations, provide a previously untapped perspective into the mode and tempo of the emergence of modern humans and a critical comparison with published clonally inherited mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome measurements of human diversity. We obtained over 55 kilobases of sequence from three autosomal loci encompassing Aln repeats for representatives of diverse human populations as well as orthologous sequences for other hominoid species at one of these loci. Nucleotide diversity was exceedingly low. Most individuals and populations were identical. Only a single nucleotide difference distinguished presumed ancestral alleles from descendants. These results differ from those expected if alleles from divergent archaic populations were maintained through multiregional continuity, The observed virtual lack of sequence polymorphism is the signature of a recent single origin for modern humans, with general replacement of archaic populations. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,CTR MOL & HUMAN GENET,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,STANLEY S SCOTT CANC CTR,DEPT PATHOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT BIOMETRY & GENET,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME,BIOL & BIOTECHNOL RES PROGRAM,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ANTHROPOL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. FLORIDA INT UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,MIAMI,FL 33199. ALTON OCHSNER MED FDN & OCHSNER CLIN,MOLEC GENET LAB,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70121. OI Deininger, Prescott/0000-0002-1067-3028 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR08205]; NHGRI NIH HHS [HG000770] NR 47 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 93 IS 9 BP 4360 EP 4364 DI 10.1073/pnas.93.9.4360 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA UK557 UT WOS:A1996UK55700116 PM 8633071 ER PT J AU Rej, DJ Pickrell, MM Wrobleski, DA AF Rej, DJ Pickrell, MM Wrobleski, DA TI Neutron-capture-induced radiation treatment of polymeric materials SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PROPERTIES AB A method for the bulk treatment of polymeric materials is proposed. Energetic ions created after capture of a neutron beam by constituent atoms located within the polymer can be used to cause radiation-induced modifications such as cross linking in the polymer. In contrast to traditional ion implantation, the proposed method enables bulk treatment because of the relatively deep penetration of neutrons. Analytical estimates and Monte Carlo computations are performed for the B-10(n,alpha)Li-7 reaction for the crosslinking and hydrogen depletion of boron-doped polystyrene. Requirements for the polymer composition and microstructure, as well as potential synthesis methods are discussed. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. RP Rej, DJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS-D434,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 29 PY 1996 VL 68 IS 18 BP 2517 EP 2519 DI 10.1063/1.115840 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA UG866 UT WOS:A1996UG86600019 ER PT J AU Wetzel, C Haller, EE Amano, H Akasaki, I AF Wetzel, C Haller, EE Amano, H Akasaki, I TI Infrared reflection of GaN and AlGaN thin film heterostructures with AlN buffer layers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Infrared reflection spectroscopy is applied to state-of-the-art thin film heterostructures of group-III nitrides on sapphire and Si substrates. The individual layers of GaN and AlGaN and the AIN buffer layer are identified by their phonon frequencies. Under non-perpendicular incidence of the light, A(1)(LO) phonon modes are observed in the wurtzite system. The presence of the very thin AIN buffer layer manifests itself in clear features of the AlN phonons. The A(1)(LO) phonon mode energy is determined in AlxGa1-xN for x approximate to 0.15. Raman spectra confirm our findings. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. MEIJO UNIV,DEPT ELECT & ELECTR ENGN,NAGOYA,AICHI,JAPAN. RI Wetzel, Christian/O-4017-2014 OI Wetzel, Christian/0000-0002-6055-0990 NR 19 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 29 PY 1996 VL 68 IS 18 BP 2547 EP 2549 DI 10.1063/1.116179 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA UG866 UT WOS:A1996UG86600029 ER EF