FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU DREW, LJ SCHUENEMEYER, JH AF DREW, LJ SCHUENEMEYER, JH TI INTEGRATION OF MULTIPLE OIL AND GAS DATA SOURCES FOR USE IN FORECASTING FUTURE RATES OF DISCOVERY OF OIL AND GAS SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. UNIV DELAWARE,NEWARK,DE 19711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 564 EP 565 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700154 ER PT J AU DYMAN, TS ETHRIDGE, FG FOUCH, TD MOLENAAR, CM WEIMER, RJ AF DYMAN, TS ETHRIDGE, FG FOUCH, TD MOLENAAR, CM WEIMER, RJ TI WESTERN INTERIOR CRETACEOUS PROJECT (WIK) - NORTH-SOUTH STRATIGRAPHIC SECTION ALONG WESTERN MARGIN OF BASIN SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 567 EP 567 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700165 ER PT J AU DYMAN, TS ANDERSON, SB CAMPEN, EB COBBAN, WA FOX, JE HAMMOND, RH PORTER, KW RICE, DD SETTERHOLM, DR SHURR, GW AF DYMAN, TS ANDERSON, SB CAMPEN, EB COBBAN, WA FOX, JE HAMMOND, RH PORTER, KW RICE, DD SETTERHOLM, DR SHURR, GW TI WEST-EAST STRATIGRAPHIC TRANSECT OF CRETACEOUS ROCKS SOUTHWESTERN MONTANA TO WESTERN MINNESOTA SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. N DAKOTA GEOL SURVEY,BISMARCK,ND. S DAKOTA SCH MINES & TECHNOL,RAPID CITY,SD 57701. S DAKOTA GEOL SURVEY,VERMILLION,SD. MINNESOTA GEOL SURVEY,ST PAUL,MN. ST CLOUD STATE UNIV,ST CLOUD,MN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 567 EP 567 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700164 ER PT J AU FOUCH, TD DYMAN, TS MOLENAAR, CM ETHRIDGE, FG WEIMER, RJ AF FOUCH, TD DYMAN, TS MOLENAAR, CM ETHRIDGE, FG WEIMER, RJ TI WESTERN INTERIOR CRETACEOUS PROJECT (WIK) - NORTH-SOUTH STRATIGRAPHIC SECTION ALONG GEOGRAPHIC CENTER OF BASIN SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 575 EP 576 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700204 ER PT J AU FOUCH, TD AF FOUCH, TD TI WEST-EAST STRATIGRAPHIC CROSS-SECTION OF CRETACEOUS ROCKS, CENTRAL ROCKY-MOUNTAINS TO EAST-CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS, UTAH, COLORADO, AND KANSAS SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20242. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 576 EP 576 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700205 ER PT J AU GRYC, G AF GRYC, G TI HISTORY OF PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT IN ARCTIC ALASKA SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 587 EP 587 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700305 ER PT J AU HESTER, TC SCHMOKER, JW AF HESTER, TC SCHMOKER, JW TI POROSITY TRENDS OF NONRESERVOIR AND RESERVOIR SANDSTONES, ANADARKO BASIN, OKLAHOMA SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 594 EP 594 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700231 ER PT J AU HIGLEY, DK AF HIGLEY, DK TI EFFECTS OF SEDIMENTOLOGIC AND PETROLOGIC HETEROGENEITY ON RESERVOIR PROPERTIES OF THE UPPER CRETACEOUS SUSSEX SANDSTONE IN THE HOUSE CREEK FIELD, POWDER RIVER BASIN, WYOMING SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 595 EP 595 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700235 ER PT J AU HOWELL, DG JOHNSSON, MJ BIRD, KJ AF HOWELL, DG JOHNSSON, MJ BIRD, KJ TI SOLID BITUMEN AT ATIGUN GORGE, CENTRAL BROOKS RANGE FRONT - IMPLICATIONS FOR OIL-EXPLORATION IN THE NORTH SLOPE FOLD-AND-THRUST BELT SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 598 EP 598 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700247 ER PT J AU JOHNSSON, MJ BIRD, KJ HOWELL, DG MAGOON, LB STANLEY, RG VALIN, ZC HARRIS, AG PAWLEWICZ, MJ AF JOHNSSON, MJ BIRD, KJ HOWELL, DG MAGOON, LB STANLEY, RG VALIN, ZC HARRIS, AG PAWLEWICZ, MJ TI PRELIMINARY MAP SHOWING THERMAL MATURITY OF SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS IN ALASKA SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 603 EP 603 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700322 ER PT J AU KOVER, AN SCHOONMAKER, JW POHN, HA AF KOVER, AN SCHOONMAKER, JW POHN, HA TI THE USGS SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR (SLAR) PROGRAM - CD-ROMS EXPAND POTENTIAL FOR PETROLEUM-EXPLORATION SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 613 EP 613 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700366 ER PT J AU LAUBACH, SE TREMAIN, CM AF LAUBACH, SE TREMAIN, CM TI DISTRIBUTION AND ORIGIN OF REGIONAL COAL FRACTURE (CLEAT) DOMAINS IN UPPER CRETACEOUS FRUITLAND FORMATION COAL - POSSIBLE EFFECTS ON COALBED STIMULATION AND METHANE PRODUCTION SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV TEXAS,BUR ECON GEOL,AUSTIN,TX 78712. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 618 EP 618 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700384 ER PT J AU LIDZ, BH HINE, AC SHINN, EA AF LIDZ, BH HINE, AC SHINN, EA TI MULTIPLE OUTLIER-REEF TRACTS OFF A CARBONATE PLATFORM - A NEW TYPE OF WINDWARD MARGIN (SOUTH FLORIDA) SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ST PETERSBURG,FL. UNIV S FLORIDA,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 621 EP 621 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700400 ER PT J AU LOCKER, SD HINE, AC SHINN, EA AF LOCKER, SD HINE, AC SHINN, EA TI SEA-LEVEL AND GEOSTROPHIC CURRENT CONTROL ON CARBONATE SHELF-SLOPE DEPOSITIONAL SEQUENCES AND EROSIONAL PATTERNS, SOUTH FLORIDA PLATFORM MARGIN SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV S FLORIDA,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701. US GEOL SURVEY,CTR COASTAL GEOL,ST PETERSBURG,FL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 623 EP 623 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700406 ER PT J AU MAGOON, LB DOW, WG AF MAGOON, LB DOW, WG TI THE PETROLEUM SYSTEM - FROM SOURCE TO TRAP SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. DGSI,HOUSTON,TX. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 627 EP 627 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700425 ER PT J AU MCCABE, PJ SHANLEY, KW AF MCCABE, PJ SHANLEY, KW TI AN ORGANIC CONTROL ON SHOREFACE STACKING PATTERNS - FINE TUNING SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC CONTROLS SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. COLORADO SCH MINES,GOLDEN,CO 80401. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 632 EP 632 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700445 ER PT J AU MEREWETHER, EA AF MEREWETHER, EA TI THE CRETACEOUS RECORD IN A NORTHEAST-TRENDING TRANSECT, NORTHERN UTAH TO EAST-CENTRAL WYOMING SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 634 EP 634 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700455 ER PT J AU MEREWETHER, EA GAUTIER, DL AF MEREWETHER, EA GAUTIER, DL TI STRATIGRAPHIC, GEOCHEMICAL, AND PALEONTOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR A BRACKISH, RESTRICTED SEAWAY IN EARLY CENOMANIAN (MIDCRETACEOUS) TIME, EASTERN WYOMING SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 634 EP 634 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700456 ER PT J AU MEYER, RF AF MEYER, RF TI MARINE OIL SEEPS SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 635 EP 635 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700459 ER PT J AU MOLENAAR, CM COBBAN, WA FRANCZYK, KJ PILLMORE, CL ZECH, RS KAUFFMAN, EG HOLBROOK, JM WOLFE, DG AF MOLENAAR, CM COBBAN, WA FRANCZYK, KJ PILLMORE, CL ZECH, RS KAUFFMAN, EG HOLBROOK, JM WOLFE, DG TI REGIONAL CRETACEOUS STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONSHIPS ACROSS THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF THE WESTERN INTERIOR BASIN, ARIZONA, NEW-MEXICO, AND SOUTHERN COLORADO SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. INDIANA UNIV,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47401. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 637 EP 638 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700470 ER PT J AU MULLARKEY, JC CLAYTON, JL WENDLANDT, RF DAWS, TA AF MULLARKEY, JC CLAYTON, JL WENDLANDT, RF DAWS, TA TI PETROLEUM SOURCE ROCK EVALUATION OF THE CRETACEOUS NEWARK CANYON FORMATION IN NORTH-CENTRAL NEVADA SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 COLORADO SCH MINES,GOLDEN,CO 80401. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 642 EP 642 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700489 ER PT J AU NAESER, ND AF NAESER, ND TI FISSION TRACKS IN BASIN ANALYSIS SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 644 EP 644 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700497 ER PT J AU OMARZAI, SK COE, R BARRON, J AF OMARZAI, SK COE, R BARRON, J TI MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY - AN EXCELLENT TOOL FOR MUCH-NEEDED NUMERICAL AGE-DATING IN THE MONTEREY FORMATION OF CALIFORNIA SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 648 EP 648 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700515 ER PT J AU PETERSON, JA AF PETERSON, JA TI REGIONAL STRATIGRAPHY AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY, NORTH AFRICA-MIDDLE EAST SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MONTANA,MISSOULA,MT 59812. US GEOL SURVEY,MISSOULA,MT. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 652 EP 653 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700534 ER PT J AU PETERSON, JA AF PETERSON, JA TI ANETH OIL-FIELD, GIANT CARBONATE STRATIGRAPHIC TRAP, PARADOX BASIN, UTAH, USA SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MISSOULA,MT. UNIV MONTANA,MISSOULA,MT 59812. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 653 EP 653 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700535 ER PT J AU RAUP, OB HITE, RJ AF RAUP, OB HITE, RJ TI EVAPORITE CYCLES AND CYCLE BOUNDARIES IN THE UPPER PART OF THE PARADOX MEMBER, HERMOSA FORMATION OF PENNSYLVANIAN AGE IN THE PARADOX BASIN, UTAH AND COLORADO SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 658 EP 658 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700555 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, RL GOLDHABER, MB TUTTLE, ML AF REYNOLDS, RL GOLDHABER, MB TUTTLE, ML TI SULFIDIZATION AND MAGNETIZATION ABOVE HYDROCARBON RESERVOIRS SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 661 EP 661 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700570 ER PT J AU RICE, DD FLORES, RM AF RICE, DD FLORES, RM TI CONTROLS ON BACTERIAL GAS ACCUMULATIONS IN THICK TERTIARY COAL BEDS AND ADJACENT CHANNEL SANDSTONES, POWDER RIVER BASIN, WYOMING AND MONTANA SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 661 EP 661 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700571 ER PT J AU SCHMOKER, JW HIGLEY, DK AF SCHMOKER, JW HIGLEY, DK TI PREDICTIVE POROSITY MODELS FOR THE LOWER CRETACEOUS J-SANDSTONE, DENVER BASIN, COLORADO SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 667 EP 668 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700601 ER PT J AU SCHOLZ, CH BARTON, CC AF SCHOLZ, CH BARTON, CC TI THE FRACTAL NATURE OF HYDROCARBON DEPOSITS .1. SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY GEOL OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964. COLUMBIA UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,NEW YORK,NY 10027. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 668 EP 668 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700602 ER PT J AU SPENCER, CW LORENZ, JC BROWN, CA AF SPENCER, CW LORENZ, JC BROWN, CA TI APPLICATION OF HORIZONTAL DRILLING TO TIGHT GAS-RESERVOIRS SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. SYNDER OIL CO,DENVER,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 675 EP 675 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700633 ER PT J AU STEINER, M MORALES, M SHOEMAKER, EM AF STEINER, M MORALES, M SHOEMAKER, EM TI RELATIVE AGES OF FOSSIL CACHES, SYNCHRONEITY OF MAJOR LITHOLOGY CHANGE, AND FORMATIONAL AGE, AS DETERMINED BY MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WYOMING,LARAMIE,WY 82071. MUSEUM NO ARIZONA,FLAGSTAFF,AZ. US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 676 EP 676 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700637 ER PT J AU TAKAHASHI, KI HIGLEY, DK AF TAKAHASHI, KI HIGLEY, DK TI THE HISTORY OF EXPLORATION IN PETROLEUM PROVINCES IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 678 EP 679 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700649 ER PT J AU ULMISHEK, GF AF ULMISHEK, GF TI VOLGA-URAL BASIN, USSR - RICH PETROLEUM SYSTEMS WITH A SINGLE SOURCE ROCK SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 685 EP 685 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700679 ER PT J AU ULMISHEK, GF AF ULMISHEK, GF TI PRIPYAT BASIN, USSR - AN OIL PRODUCTIVE MIDDLE PALEOZOIC RIFT SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 685 EP 685 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700678 ER PT J AU WILBER, RJ HALLEY, RB MILLIMAN, JD AF WILBER, RJ HALLEY, RB MILLIMAN, JD TI SLOPE DEPOSITIONAL PROCESSES ALONG WESTERN GREAT BAHAMA BANK - A RAPIDLY PROGRADING CARBONATE PLATFORM SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ST PETERSBURG,FL. WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 693 EP 693 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700715 ER PT J AU WOJCIK, KM BARKER, CE GOLDSTEIN, RH WALTON, AW AF WOJCIK, KM BARKER, CE GOLDSTEIN, RH WALTON, AW TI ELEVATED THERMAL MATURATION IN PENNSYLVANIA ROCKS, CHEROKEE BASIN, SOUTHEASTERN KANSAS - IMPORTANCE OF REGIONAL FLUID-FLOW SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV KANSAS,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 696 EP 696 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FA437 UT WOS:A1991FA43700725 ER PT J AU HEMINGWAY, BS ROBIE, RA APPS, JA AF HEMINGWAY, BS ROBIE, RA APPS, JA TI REVISED VALUES FOR THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF BOEHMITE, ALO(OH), AND RELATED SPECIES AND PHASES IN THE SYSTEM AL-H-O SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HYDROXY-ALUMINUM SOLUTIONS; HEAT-CAPACITIES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HYDROLYSIS; GIBBSITE; EQUILIBRIUM; ACID; SOLUBILITIES; CALORIMETRY AB Heat capacity measurements are reported for a well-characterized boehmite that differ significantly from results reported earlier by Shomate and Cook (1946) for a monohydrate of alumina. It is suggested that the earlier measurements were made on a sample that was a mixture of phases and that use of that heat-capacity and derived thermodynamic data be discontinued. The entropy of boehmite derived in this study is 37.19 +/- 0.10 J/(mol. K) at 298.15 K. A review of recent Al-27 solution NMR data and other experiments has shown that the method of preparation of Al-bearing solutions can significantly affect the concentration of monomeric Al species in solution. Because the procedures by which Al solution concentrations are measured in solubility studies determine the quantity of so-called monomeric species present, apparent differences in calculated gibbsite stability most likely arise from differences in experimental procedure rather than from differences in crystallinity, as often suggested. A review of published solubility data for gibbsite suggests that the best values that can be currently estimated from that data for the Gibbs free energies of formation of Al(OH)4- and Al3+ are -1305.0 +/- 1.3 and -489.8 +/- 4.0 kJ/mol, respectively (Hemingway et al., 1978). Based on our value for the entropy and accepting the recommended Gibbs free energy for Al(OH)4-, we have calculated the Gibbs free energy and enthalpy of formation of boehmite to be -918.4 +/- 2.1 and -996.4 +/- 2.2 kJ/mol, respectively, from solubility data for boehmite. The Gibbs energy for boehmite is unchanged from that given by Hemingway et al. (1978). C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP HEMINGWAY, BS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 72 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 10 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 76 IS 3-4 BP 445 EP 457 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA FN241 UT WOS:A1991FN24100010 ER PT J AU BOHLEN, SR MONTANA, A KERRICK, DM AF BOHLEN, SR MONTANA, A KERRICK, DM TI PRECISE DETERMINATIONS OF THE EQUILIBRIA KYANITE-REVERSIBLE-SILLIMANITE AND KYANITE-REVERSIBLE-ANDALUSITE AND A REVISED TRIPLE POINT FOR AL2SIO5 POLYMORPHS SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Letter ID PISTON-CYLINDER APPARATUS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; TEMPERATURE AB We investigated the equilibria kyanite half-arrow-pointing-right half-arrow-pointing-left sillimanite and kyanite half-arrow-pointing-right half-arrow-pointing-left andalusite using the piston-cylinder apparatus to refine the phase relationships among Al2SiO5 polymorphs. Experiments at the U.S. Geological Survey constrain the kyanite half-arrow-pointing-right half-arrow-pointing-left sillimanite equilibrium to 14.3-14.6, 11.4-11.7, 9.5-10.0, and 6.0-6.5 kbar at 1000, 900, 800, and 600-degrees-C, respectively. At UCLA, experiments limit the equilibrium to 14.4-14.6, > 12.9, 11.8-12.2, and 7.0-8.0 kbar at 1000, 950, 900, and 700-degrees-C, respectively. The equilibrium kyanite half-arrow-pointing-right half-arrow-pointing-left andalusite was reversed between 7.4 and 8.0 kbar, 800-degrees-C at UCLA. Our precise reversals require curvature of the kyanite half-arrow-pointing-right half-arrow-pointing-left sillimanite boundary from 800 to 1000-degrees-C (i.e., dP/dT increases with increasing P and T). The curvature may result from increasing Al-Si disorder in sillimanite with increasing T. Our experiments constrain the invariant point at 4.2 +/- 0.3 kbar and 530 +/- 20-degrees-C. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT EARTH & SPACE SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOSCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP BOHLEN, SR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS-910,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 17 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 3 U2 12 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 76 IS 3-4 BP 677 EP 680 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA FN241 UT WOS:A1991FN24100034 ER PT J AU MCGEE, JJ SLACK, JF HERRINGTON, CR AF MCGEE, JJ SLACK, JF HERRINGTON, CR TI BORON ANALYSIS BY ELECTRON-MICROPROBE USING MOB4C LAYERED SYNTHETIC-CRYSTALS SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Letter ID X-RAY; MINERALS AB Preliminary electron microprobe studies of B distribution in minerals have been carried out using MoB4C-layered synthetic crystals to improve analytical sensitivity for B. Use of this crystal for B analysis in geologic samples should be approached with caution if Cl is present. Any microprobe measurements of the B contents of minerals using this crystal must include analyses for Cl to assess and correct for the interference of Cl X-rays on the BK-alpha peak. Microprobe analyses for B can be made routinely in tourmaline and other B-rich minerals, and minor B contents also can be determined in common rock-forming minerals. The approximate limit of detection is 0.3 wt% B2O3 for counting times of 3-5 min. Incorporation of unusually high B contents in minerals other than borosilicates has been discovered in prograde and retrograde minerals in tourmalinites from the Broken Hill district, Australia, and may reflect high B activities produced during the metamorphism of tourmaline-rich rocks. C1 JEOL USA INC,PEABODY,MA 01960. RP MCGEE, JJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 76 IS 3-4 BP 681 EP 684 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA FN241 UT WOS:A1991FN24100035 ER PT J AU GORBY, YA LOVLEY, DR AF GORBY, YA LOVLEY, DR TI ELECTRON-TRANSPORT IN THE DISSIMILATORY IRON REDUCER, GS-15 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ORGANIC-MATTER MINERALIZATION; FERRIC IRON; CRUDE-OIL; REDUCTION; OXIDATION; MANGANESE; SEDIMENTS; NITRATE AB Mechanisms for electron transport to Fe(III) were investigated in GS-15, a novel anaerobic microorganism which can obtain energy for growth by coupling the complete oxidation of organic acids or aromatic compounds to the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II). The results indicate that Fe(III) reduction proceeds through a type b cytochrome and a membrane-bound Fe(III) reductase which is distinct from the nitrate reductase. RP LOVLEY, DR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,430 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 27 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 57 IS 3 BP 867 EP 870 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FA764 UT WOS:A1991FA76400040 PM 16348451 ER PT J AU CLARK, DR HOTHEM, RL AF CLARK, DR HOTHEM, RL TI MAMMAL MORTALITY AT ARIZONA, CALIFORNIA, AND NEVADA GOLD-MINES USING CYANIDE EXTRACTION SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article AB Five-hundred nineteen mammals were reported dead at cyanide-extraction gold mines in Arizona, California, and Nevada from 1984 through 1989. Most numerous were rodents (34.9%) and bats (33.7%); "bat" was the most often reported category among 24 species or species groups. There are an estimated 160 cyanide-extraction gold mines in these three states, and the number is increasing. Ten mammal species listed as endangered, threatened, rare, protected, or species of special concern are known to have cyanide-extraction gold mines within their geographic ranges. RP CLARK, DR (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 7 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SPR PY 1991 VL 77 IS 2 BP 61 EP 69 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA GQ688 UT WOS:A1991GQ68800001 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, JD JENNINGS, DP AF WILLIAMS, JD JENNINGS, DP TI COMPUTERIZED DATA-BASE FOR EXOTIC FISHES - THE WESTERN UNITED-STATES SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article RP WILLIAMS, JD (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32606, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SPR PY 1991 VL 77 IS 2 BP 86 EP 93 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA GQ688 UT WOS:A1991GQ68800004 ER PT J AU CUNNINGHAM, CG MCNAMEE, J VASQUEZ, JP ERICKSEN, GE AF CUNNINGHAM, CG MCNAMEE, J VASQUEZ, JP ERICKSEN, GE TI A MODEL OF VOLCANIC DOME-HOSTED PRECIOUS METAL DEPOSITS IN BOLIVIA SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Note ID ACID-SULFATE; ORE-DEPOSITS; MINERALIZATION; TIN C1 COMPANIA MINERA SUR SA,EDIFICIO PETR,LA PAZ,BOLIVIA. UN,DEPT TECH COOPERAT DEV,SANTA CRUZ,BOLIVIA. RP CUNNINGHAM, CG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,959 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 32 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 86 IS 2 BP 415 EP 421 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FH567 UT WOS:A1991FH56700014 ER PT J AU HEINZ, GH PERCIVAL, HF JENNINGS, ML AF HEINZ, GH PERCIVAL, HF JENNINGS, ML TI CONTAMINANTS IN AMERICAN ALLIGATOR EGGS FROM LAKE APOPKA, LAKE GRIFFIN, AND LAKE OKEECHOBEE, FLORIDA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article AB Residues of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and 16 elements were measured in American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) eggs collected in 1984 from Lakes Apopka, Griffin, and Okeechobee in central and south Florida. Organochlorine pesticides were highest in eggs from Lake Apopka. None of the elements appeared to be present at harmful concentrations in eggs from any of the lakes. A larger sample of eggs was collected in 1985, but only from Lakes Griffin, a lake where eggs were relatively clean, and Apopka, where eggs were most contaminated. In 1985, hatching success of artificially incubated eggs was lower for Lake Apopka, and several organochlorine pesticides were higher than in eggs from Lake Griffin. However, within Lake Apopka, higher levels of pesticides in chemically analyzed eggs were not associated with reduced hatching success of the remaining eggs in the clutch. Therefore, it did not appear that any of the pesticides we measured were responsible for the reduced hatching success of Lake Apopka eggs. RP HEINZ, GH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 0 TC 126 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 16 IS 3 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1007/BF00397615 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FA317 UT WOS:A1991FA31700005 PM 24241940 ER PT J AU HAYS, WW AF HAYS, WW TI HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENTS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO EPISODES LA English DT Article AB Every State and Territory in the United States has communities that are at risk from one or more of the natural hazards: earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, severe storms (hurricanes and tornadoes), floods, landslides, wildfires, tsunamis, and drought. During the 1990's, a period designated by the United Nations as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR), the United States plans to marshall its intellectual, economic, and political resources to reduce loss of life, human suffering, and economic loss from these natural hazards. Hazard and risk assessments will be an important element of the United States' program. Such assessments are needed for the Nation's earthquake-prone zones, active volcanoes, thousands of miles of hurricane-prone coastline, large and small flood-producing drainage systems, slopes susceptible to landslides, regions prone to tornadoes, coasts susceptible to tsunami runup and storm surge, wilderness/urban interfaces vulnerable to wildfires, and regions subject to drought episodes. The goal is to provide a sound scientific and technical basis for predictions and warnings, preparedness, and mitigation measures so that communities can make themselves less susceptible to disasters. This paper describes the basic characteristics of the atmospheric, hydrologic, and geologic natural hazards the United States will face during the 1990's and its plans for reducing their impacts. RP HAYS, WW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,OFF EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOES & ENGN,WASHINGTON,DC 20242, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU INT UNION GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES PI KEYWORTH PA C/O BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, KEYWORTH, NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND NG12 5GG SN 0705-3797 J9 EPISODES JI Episodes PD MAR PY 1991 VL 14 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FX077 UT WOS:A1991FX07700003 ER PT J AU HAYS, WW VANESSCHE, L MARANZANA, F AF HAYS, WW VANESSCHE, L MARANZANA, F TI SEISMED AND IDNDR - OPPORTUNITIES TO REDUCE THE RISK FROM EARTHQUAKES AND OTHER NATURAL HAZARDS SO EPISODES LA English DT Article AB SEISMED (Cooperative Project for Seismic Risk Reduction in the Mediterranean Region) and IDNDR (International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction) are new programs designed to provide opportunities to reduce the risk from earthquakes and other natural hazards. The focus of SEISMED is on earthquakes in the Mediterranean region; whereas the focus of IDNDR is on eight natural hazards (earthquakes, severe storms, floods, landslides, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, wildfires, and drought) throughout the world. The goal of both programs is to reduce risk in the urban centers through coordinated societal, scientific, and technical actions. Urban centers of the world will be made safer from natural hazards focusing on: Avoidance of the physical phenomena, Wise use of the land, Emergency preparedness and diaster recovery planning, Reduction of vulnerability, Adoption and enforcement of building and zoning regulations, Coordinated planning, design, and construction practices, Modification of the characteristics of ground shaking and ground failure, and Prediction and warning. RP HAYS, WW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,OFF EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOES & ENGN,WASHINGTON,DC 20242, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT UNION GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES PI KEYWORTH PA C/O BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, KEYWORTH, NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND NG12 5GG SN 0705-3797 J9 EPISODES JI Episodes PD MAR PY 1991 VL 14 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FX077 UT WOS:A1991FX07700004 ER PT J AU BRABB, EE AF BRABB, EE TI THE WORLD LANDSLIDE PROBLEM SO EPISODES LA English DT Article AB Thousands of people may be killed by landslides each year and property damage may be in the tens of billions of dollars, but the techniques for recognizing and coping with landslides are well developed. Landslides are generally more manageable and predictable than earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and some storms, but only a few countries have taken advantage of this knowledge to reduce landslide hazards. RP BRABB, EE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT UNION GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES PI KEYWORTH PA C/O BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, KEYWORTH, NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND NG12 5GG SN 0705-3797 J9 EPISODES JI Episodes PD MAR PY 1991 VL 14 IS 1 BP 52 EP 61 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FX077 UT WOS:A1991FX07700009 ER PT J AU HAYS, WW ROUHBAN, BM AF HAYS, WW ROUHBAN, BM TI TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER SO EPISODES LA English DT Article AB Fundamental knowledge on the nature and extent of the physical and societal impacts of earthquakes and ways to mitigate and prepare for them has advanced significantly during the 1990's. However, transfer of technology (that is, the transfer of fundamental knowledge and know-how for use by society to achieve a practical purpose such as earthquake risk reduction) lags behind research because people and organizations are: (a) paralyzed by apathy, (b) neutralized by narrow mindness, and (c) rendered powerless by ineffective actions. Solutions to these constraints have begun to emerge and are expected to improve during the 1990's as existing national and regional programs in the US, such as those composing the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, are expanded and cooperative international programs, such as a seismic zonation study in Algeria and those of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, are initiated by individual nations throughout the world. RP HAYS, WW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,OFF EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOES & ENGN,WASHINGTON,DC 20242, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES PI KEYWORTH PA C/O BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, KEYWORTH, NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND NG12 5GG SN 0705-3797 J9 EPISODES JI Episodes PD MAR PY 1991 VL 14 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FX077 UT WOS:A1991FX07700011 ER PT J AU AILSTOCK, MS FLEMING, WJ COOKE, TJ AF AILSTOCK, MS FLEMING, WJ COOKE, TJ TI THE CHARACTERIZATION OF AXENIC CULTURE SYSTEMS SUITABLE FOR PLANT-PROPAGATION AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE SUBMERSED AQUATIC ANGIOSPERM POTAMOGETON-PECTINATUS (SAGO PONDWEED) SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER MACROPHYTES; LABORATORY CULTURE; VASCULAR PLANTS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; GROWTH AB Clonal lines of the submersed aquatic angiosperm Potamogeton pectinatus were grown in three culture systems. The first, which used sucrose as a carbon source in a liquid medium, supported vigorous vegetative growth and can be used to propagate large numbers of plants in axenic conditions. In this culture system, plants were responsive to increasing photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) photon flux density (PFD) and were photosynthetically competent. However, their growth was heterotrophic and root development was poor. When these plants were transferred to a second nonaxenic culture system, which used 16-1 buckets containing artificial sediments and tap water, growth was autotrophic and plants were morphologically identical to field-harvested P. pectinatus. The last culture system which consisted of a sand substrate and inorganic nutrient bathing solution aerated with 135 ml min-1 ambient air enhanced to 3.0% CO2 was axenic and supported autotrophic growth by plants that were also morphologically normal. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP AILSTOCK, MS (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD MAR PY 1991 VL 14 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.2307/1351982 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA FE649 UT WOS:A1991FE64900006 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, DR FUNICELLI, NA AF JOHNSON, DR FUNICELLI, NA TI SPAWNING OF THE RED DRUM IN MOSQUITO LAGOON, EAST-CENTRAL FLORIDA SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID SCIAENOPS-OCELLATA AB A study was carried out in fall 1987 to determine if red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) spawned in the southern portion of Mosquito Lagoon, Florida, 30 km from the nearest tidal pass. Weekly plankton tows were taken from mid-September to mid-November. Floating sciaenid eggs were removed from the samples and incubated 16-36 h: 329 red drum eggs were hatched. Viable red drum eggs were ollected from October 27 to November 18 at salinities of 29 parts-per-thousand to 32 parts-per-thousand and and water temperatures of 21-degrees-C to 23-degrees-C. The largest number of eggs was collected on November 4, during a full moon. This is the first documentation of red drum spawning in an estuary. The physiography and high salinity (which are more characteristic of marine than estuarine waters) of Mosquito Lagoon were probable factors in producing this phenomenon. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT FISHERIES & AQUACULTURE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32606. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GAINESVILLE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32606. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD MAR PY 1991 VL 14 IS 1 BP 74 EP 79 DI 10.2307/1351984 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA FE649 UT WOS:A1991FE64900008 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, WJ COBBAN, WA AF KENNEDY, WJ COBBAN, WA TI UPPER CRETACEOUS (UPPER SANTONIAN) BOEHMOCERAS FAUNA FROM THE GULF-COAST REGION OF THE UNITED-STATES SO GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID TRACE FOSSILS; AMMONITES AB An upper Santonian fauna dominated by the curved baculitid Boehmoceras Riedel, 1931, occurs as phosphatic moulds in the Tombigbee Sand Member of the Eutaw Formation in Mississippi and Alabama, and also is reworked into the base of the Mooreville Chalk; a similar assemblage is present in the middle part of the Pen Formation of the Big Bend area, Texas. The assemblage is: Pseudoschloenbachia (Pseudoschloenbachia) mexicana (Renz, 1936), Placenticeras syrtale (Morton, 1834), Reginaites leei (Reeside, 1927 a), Reginaites exilis sp. nov., Texanites (Texanites) sp. juv. cf. gallicus Collignon, 1948, Texanites (Plesiotexanites) shiloensis Young, 1963, Texanitinae incertae sedis, Hyphantoceras (?) amapondense (van Hoepen, 1921). Glyptoxoceras spp., Boehmoceras arculus (Morton, 1834) and Scaphites (Scaphites) leei Reeside, 1927 a, form I. The assemblage is referred to the uppermost Santonian Texanites (Plesiotexanites) shiloensis zone of the Gulf Coast sequence. Common occurrence of Scaphites (S.) leei I and Reginaites leei suggest correlation with the Upper Santonian Desmoscaphites erdmanni zone of the U.S. Western Interior; common occurrence of Boehmoceras arculus (= B. loescheri of European authors) suggests correlation with the Marsupites-granulata zone at the top of the North German Santonian. These data strengthen intercontinental correlation of the Santonian-Campanian boundary sequence. They also provide a biostratigraphic link to a numerical age of 84.2+/-0.9 Ma from a bentonite at a slightly lower level in the Tombigbee Sand Member of the Eutaw Formation in Mississippi. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP KENNEDY, WJ (reprint author), UNIV MUSEUM OXFORD,PARKS RD,OXFORD OX1 3PW,ENGLAND. NR 118 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0016-7568 J9 GEOL MAG JI Geol. Mag. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 128 IS 2 BP 167 EP 189 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FH340 UT WOS:A1991FH34000006 ER PT J AU SHERIDAN, RE OLSSON, RK MILLER, JJ AF SHERIDAN, RE OLSSON, RK MILLER, JJ TI SEISMIC-REFLECTION AND GRAVITY STUDY OF PROPOSED TACONIC SUTURE UNDER THE NEW-JERSEY COASTAL-PLAIN - IMPLICATIONS FOR CONTINENTAL GROWTH SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL VIRGINIA; APPALACHIANS; PENNSYLVANIA; PIEDMONT; HISTORY; CRUST AB A vibroseis seismic reflection line near Buena, New Jersey, crosses the linear positive Salisbury Bouguer gravity and magnetic anomaly that follows the proposed Taconic suture. Two reflections at 1.4 and 1.7 sec under the positive gravity anomaly and beneath the Coastal Plain basement reflections at 1.1 sec are from interpreted Taconic suture rocks with ophiolitic crustal fragments (7.1-7.9 km/sec). A gently southeast-dipping reflection (2.0-2.7 sec) is interpreted as the detachment thrust below the allochthonous suture rocks. A stratified sequence (5.4-6.3 km/sec) is interpreted as remnants of parautochthonous lower Paleozoic drift-stage sedimentary rocks beneath the detachment thrust. Below 3.0 sec (8 km depth), the reflections are subhorizontal or gently dipping (11-degrees) all the way to the Moho reflection at 11.0 sec. On the northwest end of the vibroseis line, a northwest-tilted Mesozoic rift-basin basement reflection is seen from 1.1 to 1.5 sec. These Mesozoic rocks (4.5-4.8 km/sec) are at least 1 km thick. The denser suture rocks with ophiolitic fragments and the less dense Mesozoic rocks explain almost all of the Salisbury Bouguer anomaly. No significant lateral density variations are needed below 8 km depth. These results are compatible with the Taconic suture under the New Jersey Coastal Plain being allochthonous and underlain by parautochthonous Grenville-age continental crust. A deep-seated Taconic suture at the edge of the Grenville North American basement may be southeast of the New Jersey Coastal Plain. This implies a greater amount of Taconic overthrusting and lesser amounts of accretion of the North American crust than previously proposed. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. RP SHERIDAN, RE (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903, USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 103 IS 3 BP 402 EP 414 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<0402:SRAGSO>2.3.CO;2 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EY875 UT WOS:A1991EY87500005 ER PT J AU CANNON, WF LEE, MW HINZE, WJ SCHULZ, KJ GREEN, AG AF CANNON, WF LEE, MW HINZE, WJ SCHULZ, KJ GREEN, AG TI DEEP CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE PRECAMBRIAN BASEMENT BENEATH NORTHERN LAKE-MICHIGAN, MIDCONTINENT NORTH-AMERICA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUPERIOR REGION; SWISS ALPS; TERRANE AB A deep seismic-reflection profile in northern Lake Michigan, midcontinent North America, provides a cross section of the crust across the 1850 Ma Penokean orogen, in which an Early Proterozoic island-arc complex was deformed between two converging Archean continental masses. The island-arc crust is about 40 km thick and has a few kilometres of intensely reflective rocks near its base, above which it is variably reflective to transparent. The Archean terranes have thicker crust, as much as 50 km, the lower 20-25 km of which is strongly reflective. Abrupt offsets of Moho near terrane boundaries may have been preserved since accretion during the Penokean orogeny. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. GEOL SURVEY CANADA,OTTAWA K1A 0Y3,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP CANNON, WF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 1991 VL 19 IS 3 BP 207 EP 210 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0207:DCSOTP>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA EZ388 UT WOS:A1991EZ38800005 ER PT J AU LITWIN, RJ ASH, SR AF LITWIN, RJ ASH, SR TI 1ST EARLY MESOZOIC AMBER IN THE WESTERN-HEMISPHERE SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANCIENT; AIR; RODLETS AB Detritial amber pebbles and granules have been discovered in Upper Triassic strata on the Colorado Plateau. Although amber previously has been reported from Pennsylvanian, Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary strata, we know of no other reported Triassic occurrence in North America or the Western Hemisphere. The newly discovered occurrence of amber are at two localities in the lower part of the Petrified Forest Member of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation in Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona. The paper coals and carbonaceous paper shales containing the amber also contain fossil palynomorph assemblages that indicate a late Carnian age for these occurrences. C1 WEBER STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,OGDEN,UT 84408. RP LITWIN, RJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 970,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 1991 VL 19 IS 3 BP 273 EP 276 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0273:FEMAIT>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA EZ388 UT WOS:A1991EZ38800022 ER PT J AU PAULL, CK USSLER, W DILLON, WP AF PAULL, CK USSLER, W DILLON, WP TI IS THE EXTENT OF GLACIATION LIMITED BY MARINE GAS-HYDRATES SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE CHANGE; METHANE; GULF; ATMOSPHERE; MEXICO AB Methane may have been released to the atmosphere during the Quaternary from Arctic shelf gas-hydrates as a result of thermal decomposition caused by climatic warming and rising sea-level; this release of methane (a greenhouse gas) may represent a positive feedback on global warming [Revelle, 1983; Kvenvolden, 1988a; Nisbet, 1990]. We consider the response to sea-level changes by the immense amount of gas-hydrate that exists in continental rise sediments, and suggest that the reverse situation may apply -- that release of methane trapped in the deep-sea sediments as gas-hydrates may provide a negative feedback to advancing glaciation. Methane is likely to be released from deep-sea gas-hydrates as sea-level falls because methane gas-hydrates decompose with pressure decrease. Methane would be released to sediment pore space at shallow sub-bottom depths (100's of meters beneath the seafloor, commonly at water depths of 500 to 4,000 m) producing zones of markedly decreased sediment strength, leading to slumping [Carpenter, 1981; Kayen, 1988] and abrupt release of the gas. Methane is likely to be released to the atmosphere in spikes that become larger and more frequent as glaciation progresses. Because addition of methane to the atmosphere warms the planet, this process provides a negative feedback to glaciation, and could trigger deglaciation. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,MARINE SCI CURRICULUM,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP PAULL, CK (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT GEOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 32 TC 169 Z9 189 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 18 IS 3 BP 432 EP 434 DI 10.1029/91GL00351 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FC748 UT WOS:A1991FC74800020 ER PT J AU BUDDING, KE SCHWARTZ, DP OPPENHEIMER, DH AF BUDDING, KE SCHWARTZ, DP OPPENHEIMER, DH TI SLIP RATE, EARTHQUAKE RECURRENCE, AND SEISMOGENIC POTENTIAL OF THE RODGERS CREEK FAULT ZONE, NORTHERN CALIFORNIA - INITIAL RESULTS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Instrumental seismicity defines a seismic gap along the Rodgers Creek fault zone (RCFZ) between Santa Rosa and San Pablo Bay. Results of a paleoseismicity study within the gap, using offset channels in late Holocene alluvial deposits as piercing points, indicate a minimum slip rate of 2.1 to 5.8 mm/yr for the past 1300 years, a preferred range for the maximum recurrence interval of 248 to 679 years, and a surface offset of 2 +0.3,-0.2 m during the most recent event. The RCFZ has produced past M7 earthquakes, and historical seismicity data indicate a minimum elapsed time of 182 years since the most recent earthquake of this size. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP BUDDING, KE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS 903,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 18 IS 3 BP 447 EP 450 DI 10.1029/91GL00465 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FC748 UT WOS:A1991FC74800024 ER PT J AU PAILLET, FL GOLDBERG, D AF PAILLET, FL GOLDBERG, D TI ACOUSTIC TELEVIEWER LOG IMAGES OF NATURAL FRACTURES AND BEDDING PLANES IN THE TOA-BAJA BOREHOLE, PUERTO-RICO SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Although borehole conditions made acoustic televiewer logging difficult in the Toa Baja borehole, more than 180 meters of continuous, acceptable quality televiewer logs were obtained in the intervals from 730 to 880 meters and from 2,515 to 2,675 meters in depth, indicating the presence of fractures that appear to be open in situ. Most of the largest, possibly open fractures in these intervals are either nearly parallel to directions given by the dipmeter log and may represent solution openings or minor washouts along bedding planes, or dip steeply to the south or southwest across bedding. The televiewer log confirms the presence of an apparently open set of fractures near 867 meters in depth, where circulation was lost during drilling, and in the interval from 2,600 to 2,650 meters in depth, where the temperature log indicates anomalous heat flow in the surrounding formation. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY GEOL OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964. RP PAILLET, FL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 403,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 18 IS 3 BP 501 EP 504 DI 10.1029/91GL00407 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FC748 UT WOS:A1991FC74800039 ER PT J AU MOOS, D MORIN, RH AF MOOS, D MORIN, RH TI OBSERVATIONS OF WELLBORE FAILURE IN THE TOA-BAJA WELL-IMPLICATIONS FOR THE STATE OF STRESS IN THE NORTH COAST TERTIARY BASIN, PUERTO-RICO SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOREHOLE ELONGATION; TELEVIEWER AB Borehole televiewer (BHTV) and 4-arm caliper (dipmeter) logs were obtained in the Toa Baja well (drilled to a depth of 2704 m into sediments of the North Coast Tertiary Basin, Puerto Rico) from 704 to 2676 m depth. The only observations suggesting that stress-induced wellbore failure (breakouts) had occurred were small intermittent features at a depth of approximately 2600 m with azimuths of 70-degrees and 250-degrees and the fact that, during drilling, wellbore stability became a problem near total depth. An increase in mud weight to 10 lb/gal required to stabilize the deteriorating wellbore was accompanied by loss of drilling fluid into the formation, suggesting that hydraulic fracturing or the reopening of pre-existing near vertical fractures had occurred. A series of vertical fractures at a variety of azimuths (averaging N31-degrees-W) was detected by the BHTV. The loss of circulation due to an increase in mud weight, combined with the absence of well-developed breakouts, enables us to estimate stress magnitudes near the well for reasonable values of rock strength: S1 = S(v); S3 = S(hmin) almost-equal-to 0.5S(v); S(Hmax) almost-equal-to (0.55-0.63)S(v), and an associated incipient normal faulting stress regime. This stress regime is consistent with focal mechanisms determined for earthquakes with epicenters near the drillsite. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP MOOS, D (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOPHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 18 IS 3 BP 505 EP 508 DI 10.1029/91GL00408 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FC748 UT WOS:A1991FC74800040 ER PT J AU REID, JA PLUMLEY, PW SCHELLEKENS, JH AF REID, JA PLUMLEY, PW SCHELLEKENS, JH TI PALEOMAGNETIC EVIDENCE FOR LATE MIOCENE COUNTERCLOCKWISE ROTATION OF NORTH COAST CARBONATE SEQUENCE, PUERTO-RICO SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOTION; PLATE AB A paleomagnetic study of the essentially undeformed middle Tertiary carbonate sequence along the north coast of Puerto Rico reveals statistically significant pre-Pliocene discordance of characteristic component directions against those expected from cratonic North America for much of the section. Despite generally weak to moderately weak magnetic intensities, confirmation of the magnetization as primary in origin comes from the presence of two distinct components of magnetization, intrasite bipolarity, and/or the reproducibility of measurements. The mean geographic direction for the upper Oligocene to middle Miocene strata is 335.2-degrees/32.9-degrees and the corrected mean paleomagnetic pole is 207.6-degrees/66.5-degrees, (N = 3, alpha-95 = 4.3-degrees). This suggests a counter-clockwise (CCW) block rotation of Puerto Rico and its microplate of 24.5-degrees (+/- 5.8-degrees) during the late Miocene. Using a width of 250 km for the Northern Caribbean Plate Boundary Zone (NCPBZ) between the North American Plate and Caribbean Plate, the mean left lateral displacement implied is 1.8 to 2.4 cm/yr, which agrees fairly well with published relative motion rates for the two plates. Average rotation rate for 50 Ma to 20 Ma was 0.7-degrees/my but perhaps as great as 4-degrees/my in the Miocene. Resolution of mean paleolatitude indicates northward motion of a degree or less during the period of rotation. Causes of this short-lived rotation may include (1) tectonic escape from the inhibiting presence of the Bahama Banks and Beata Ridge during eastward motion of Puerto Rico along the sinistral transpressive Puerto Rico Trench and Muertos Trough fault systems or (2) changes in relative plate motions of the Caribbean and North American Plate during the late Miocene. C1 SYRACUSE UNIV,HEROY GEOL LAB,SYRACUSE,NY 13244. UNIV PUERTO RICO,DEPT GEOL,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00709. RP REID, JA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 999,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 18 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 18 IS 3 BP 565 EP 568 DI 10.1029/91GL00401 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FC748 UT WOS:A1991FC74800055 ER PT J AU CVITANICH, JD GARATE, ON SMITH, CE AF CVITANICH, JD GARATE, ON SMITH, CE TI THE ISOLATION OF A RICKETTSIA-LIKE ORGANISM CAUSING DISEASE AND MORTALITY IN CHILEAN SALMONIDS AND ITS CONFIRMATION BY KOCH POSTULATE SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POTOMAC HORSE FEVER; TROPICAL CANINE PANCYTOPENIA; CAUSATIVE AGENT; EPITHELIOCYSTIS DISEASE; DEVELOPMENTAL CYCLE; EHRLICHIA-CANIS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; INFECTION AB A rickettsia-like organism (RLO) was isolated from infected coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), in cultures from six fish cell lines, but could not be cultured on 41 artificial media. The organism was confirmed by Koch's postulates as the aetiological agent of a systemic disease causing significant mortality among coho in Chile. The organism was a Gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogen frequently observed within intracytoplasmic vacuoles or inclusions of host cells, and appears to belong to the order Rickettsiales, family Rickettsiaceae and possibly the tribe Ehrlichiae. The organism, as well as the clinical signs and pathology it produces, is described. The disease, originally observed only in coho raised in seawater net pens, was reproduced experimentally in fish in both freshwater and seawater aquaria. Horizontal transmission without parasite vectors was observed in fish in both aquaria. The organism was shown, for the first time, to cause disease and mortality in Atlantic, Salmo salar L., and chinook, O. tshawytscha (Walbaum), salmon and rainbow trout, O. mykiss (Walbaum). Because of the systemic nature of the disease, it is proposed that it be called 'salmonid rickettsial septicaemia'. C1 TROUW SURALIM,PUERTO MONTT,CHILE. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,FISH TECHNOL CTR,BOZEMAN,MT. RP CVITANICH, JD (reprint author), TROUW RES CTR,188 W B ST N AMER,SPRINGFIELD,OR 97477, USA. NR 43 TC 111 Z9 118 U1 6 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 14 IS 2 BP 121 EP 145 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.1991.tb00584.x PG 25 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA FU368 UT WOS:A1991FU36800001 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, JH DROPKIN, DS AF JOHNSON, JH DROPKIN, DS TI SUMMER FOOD-HABITS OF SPOTFIN SHINER, MIMIC SHINER, AND SUBYEARLING FALLFISH IN THE SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREAM; FISHES; CYPRINIDAE; LAKE AB Summer diet composition and overlap in diet among spotfin shiners (Notropis spilopterus), mimic shiners (N. volucellus), and subyearling fallfish (Semotilus corporalis) from three sites in the Susquehanna River basin were examined. All three species fed heavily on aerial aquatic and terrestrial insects. Hymenopterans, adult chironomids, and emerging hydropsychids were the major prey. Subyearling spotfin shiners (10-17 mm, TL) fed almost exclusively on adult chironomids. Subyearling fallfish had the most diverse diets and utilized benthic prey more extensively than the other species. Summer diet overlap was high between spotfin shiners and mimic shiners (C-lambda = 0.718) and between spotfin shiner and fallfish (0.684). Diet overlap was moderate between mimic shiners and fallfish (0.495). Dietary analysis indicated that the three species fed variously on drifting prey and had similar diets. RP JOHNSON, JH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERY RES & DEV LAB,RD 4,BOX 63,WELLSBORO,PA 16901, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 6 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1080/02705060.1991.9665273 PG 8 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA FJ434 UT WOS:A1991FJ43400004 ER PT J AU TYUS, HM AF TYUS, HM TI MOVEMENTS AND HABITAT USE OF YOUNG COLORADO SQUAWFISH IN THE GREEN RIVER, UTAH SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LUCIUS AB Habitat use and movements of young Colorado squawfish Ptychocheilus lucius were determined by seining 1,194 of the fish in shoreline areas. A total of 922 of these was fin-clipped in selected habitats and 230 (25%) were subsequently recaptured. Most young Colorado squawfish were captured in shallow shoreline embayments (backwaters; 85% of captures), where they were most abundant in spring (April; 68%). Some individuals used more than one habitat and moved between backwaters, shoreline eddies, and main-channel runs. A diel pattern of backwater use was associated with warmer water temperatures, especially in spring (April) when backwater temperatures exceeded river temperatures. RP TYUS, HM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,1680 W HIGHWAY 40,SUITE 1210,VERNAL,UT 84078, USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 6 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1080/02705060.1991.9665274 PG 9 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA FJ434 UT WOS:A1991FJ43400005 ER PT J AU JEWELL, PW STALLARD, RF AF JEWELL, PW STALLARD, RF TI GEOCHEMISTRY AND PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC SETTING OF CENTRAL NEVADA BEDDED BARITES SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCEANIC SPREADING CENTERS; RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; REDOX CONDITIONS; PACIFIC OCEAN; TOQUIMA RANGE; DEPOSITS; SEDIMENTS; SULFIDE; CALIFORNIA; ATLANTIC AB The bedded barite deposits of central Nevada are hosted by rocks of the Roberts Mountains allochthon and constitute the largest barite reserves in North America. Detailed geochemical studies of three barite deposits in the Devonian Slaven Chert indicate that rocks surrounding the barite have elevated concentrations of carbon and phosphorous relative to nonbarite-bearing rocks. Rare earth element data suggest that the barites were deposited in oxygenated seawater far from a spreading center. Ratios of Al, Ti, Fe, and Mn indicate that hydrothermal input to the sediment was minor relative to detrital input. The assembled data suggest a biogenic rather than a hydrothermal orgin for the barite deposits. a model is proposed in which the barites were deposited at the O2-H2S transition of a coastal upwelling system in the Late Devonian ocean. This model is consistent with recent paleoceanographic analyses of rocks in the Roberts Mountains allochthon, and studies indicating that the Late Devonian marked the transition from an anoxic to an oxic deep ocean. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RI Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013 OI Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608 NR 88 TC 22 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1376 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 99 IS 2 BP 151 EP 170 PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA FA790 UT WOS:A1991FA79000002 ER PT J AU MILLER, ML BRADSHAW, JY KIMBROUGH, DL STERN, TW BUNDTZEN, TK AF MILLER, ML BRADSHAW, JY KIMBROUGH, DL STERN, TW BUNDTZEN, TK TI ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE FOR EARLY PROTEROZOIC AGE OF THE IDONO COMPLEX, WEST-CENTRAL ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EAST-CENTRAL ALASKA; AUGEN GNEISS; ZIRCON; PB; CORDILLERA; EVOLUTION; TECTONICS; AMERICA; GENESIS; ROCKS AB The Idono Complex of west-central Alaska is a fault-bounded, approximately 300 km2 fragment of Early Proterozoic continental crust surrounded by overlap assemblages and younger terranes accreted in Mesozoic time. It is composed of granitic to dioritic orthogneiss, amphibolite, and metasedimentary rocks. Trace element compositions of the granitoids and amphibolite suggest rock formation in a subduction-related volcanic arc terrain. Nine zircon fractions from three samples of granitoid orthogneiss define a U-Pb discordia line intersecting concordia at 2062 +/- 7 Ma and 182 +/- Ma. The upper and lower intercepts are interpreted, respectively, as approximations of the time of granitoid crystallization and major episodic Pb-loss. The lower intercept age is similar to that indicated by some hornblende and biotite K-Ar ages. Other biotite, hornblende, and white mica K-Ar ages record later isotopic disturbance in Early Cretaceous time. Nd isotopic compositions at 2.06 Ga for tonalite orthogneiss (epsilon-Nd(t) = +2.8) and amphibolite (epsilon-Nd(t) = +1.8 and +2.3) indicate that Early Proterozoic crust formation in the Idono Complex involved significant additions of mantle-derived magma. These rocks yield T(Sm-Nd) (depleted mantle) model ages of 2.0 to 2.1 Ga, similar to the U-Pb zircon upper intercept age. Involvement of Archean crust in the formation of at least some rocks of the Idono Complex is indicated by a granitic orthogneiss (epsilon-Nd(t) = -4.6), which yields a T(Sm-Nd) model age of 2.5 Ga. The approximately 2.06-Ga age of the Idono Complex is similar to that indicated for provenance(s) of widely distributed sedimentary rocks in western North America and may represent a fragment of the North American craton displaced by northward movement of the Pacific plate. At such, rocks of the Idono Complex may provide important insights into both Early Proterozoic evolution along the craton margin, and subsequent displacements. C1 SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182. US GEOL SURVEY,CTR NATL,RESTON,VA 22092. ALASKA DIV GEOL & GEOPHYS SURVEYS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99709. RP MILLER, ML (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,4200 UNIV DR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99508, USA. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1376 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 99 IS 2 BP 209 EP 223 PG 15 WC Geology SC Geology GA FA790 UT WOS:A1991FA79000005 ER PT J AU CRONIN, MA NELSON, ME PAC, DF AF CRONIN, MA NELSON, ME PAC, DF TI SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY OF MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA AND ALLOZYMES AMONG POPULATIONS OF WHITE-TAILED DEER AND MULE DEER SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES; SEQUENCE RELATEDNESS; POCKET GOPHER; GENE FLOW; SYSTEMATICS; NUCLEAR; DIFFERENTIATION; DROSOPHILA; MARKERS AB A white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population in northeastern Minnesota and a mule deer (O. hemionus) population in the Bridger Mountains Montana, have previously been shown to be spatially subdivided into contiguous subpopulations. We assessed the degree of genetic differentiation among subpopulations and tested the hypothesis that differentiation will be greater for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) than for nuclear-encoded allozymes. Differentiation of the white-tailed deer subpopulations was significant for two allozyme loci but not for mtDNA, and the overall degree of differentiation was low. Gene flow, recent founding of the subpopulations, and polygamous breeding structure may all have contributed to this pattern. Greater differentiation was evident among disjunct populations than between the contiguous subpopulations of white-tailed deer. The contiguous mule deer subpopulations were significantly differentiated for mtDNA and one allozyme locus. Differentiation was greater for mtDNA than for allozymes. These results are consistent with demographic data that indicate mule deer males disperse more than do females. Disjunct mule deer populations may be similar or dramatically different in mtDNA haplotype frequencies that do not necessarily vary with geographic distance. Current and historical gene flow and breeding structure will influence population genetic patterns. C1 YALE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. MONTANA DEPT FISH WILDLIFE & PARKS,BOZEMAN,MT. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM36648] NR 47 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 82 IS 2 BP 118 EP 127 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA FU869 UT WOS:A1991FU86900006 PM 1849522 ER PT J AU BUHLMANN, KA VAUGHAN, MR AF BUHLMANN, KA VAUGHAN, MR TI ECOLOGY OF THE TURTLE PSEUDEMYS-CONCINNA IN THE NEW RIVER, WEST-VIRGINIA SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOVEMENT AB During 1984-1985, we investigated the population ecology and habitat relationships of river cooters (Pseudemys concinna) in an 11.2 km section of the New River in southern West Virginia. Cooters occurred in three pool habitats characterized by slow current velocities, shallow water (0-2 m), aquatic macrophyte beds, and basking sites. We estimated an adult population of 67 during summer, 1985. At the three study pools, juveniles comprised 6%, 25%, and 35% of the captures. Adult cooters consumed eelgrass (Vallisneria americana), elodea (Elodea canadensis), and crayfish. Juveniles consumed vegetation, invertebrates, and fish. Movements of cooters between pools was not detected. Movements within pools were often attributed to the availability and location of basking sites which varied with river flow. Two radio-tagged cooters wintered in backwaters. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC STUD AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI OXFORD PA DEPT OF ZOOLOGY MIAMI UNIV, OXFORD, OH 45056 SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 25 IS 1 BP 72 EP 78 DI 10.2307/1564797 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA FB992 UT WOS:A1991FB99200011 ER PT J AU CHEN, CI AF CHEN, CI TI UNIFIED THEORY ON POWER LAWS FOR FLOW RESISTANCE SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; VELOCITY AB Two general power formulas, one for hydraulically smooth flows and the other for fully rough flows, are derived in a rational way from the widely accepted logarithmic formulas for the velocity profile and the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor. A regression analysis based on the method of least squares is used to determine the valid range of the local velocity (or normal distance from the wall) in the power formula. Some older empirical formulas, such as Lacey's, Manning's, Blasius', and Hazen-Williams', and their valid ranges, are actually explained analytically by the results. Incomplete self-similarity of the power law, in which the exponent and the associated coefficient vary with the similarity parameters, such as the Reynolds number and the relative roughness, is elucidated through the parametric representations of the power formulas and their counterparts based on the logarithmic law. This paper examines the concept and rationale behind the power formulation of uniform turbulent shear flows, thereby addressing some critical issues in the modeling of flow resistance based on the power law. RP CHEN, CI (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,WESTERN REG,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MAIL STOP 496,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 43 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 12 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 1991 VL 117 IS 3 BP 371 EP 389 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1991)117:3(371) PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA EY767 UT WOS:A1991EY76700007 ER PT J AU RATHBUN, RE STEPHENS, DW TAI, DY AF RATHBUN, RE STEPHENS, DW TAI, DY TI FATE OF ACETONE IN AN OUTDOOR MODEL STREAM WITH A NITRATE SUPPLEMENT, SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article AB The fate of acetone in an outdoor model stream to which nitrate was added as a nutrient supplement was determined. The stream, in southern Mississippi, U.S.A. was 234 m long. Water was supplied to the stream by an artesian well at about 1.21 s-1, resulting in a mean water velocity of about 0.5 m min-1. Acetone was injected continuously for 26 days resulting in concentrations of 20-40 mg l-1. A nitrate solution was injected for 21 days resulting in an instream concentration of about 1.7 mg l-1 at the upstream end of the stream. Rhodamine-WT dye was used to determine the travel time and dispersion characteristics of the stream, and t-butyl alcohol was used to determine the volatilization characteristics. Volatilization controlled the fate of acetone in the model stream. The lack of substantial bacterial degradation of acetone was contrary to expectations based on the results of laboratory degradation studies using model stream water enriched with nitrate. A possible explanation for the lack of significant degradation in the model stream may be the limited 6-h residence time of the acetone in the stream. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84104. US GEOL SURVEY,STENNIS SPACE CTR,HYDROL INSTRUMENTAT FACIL,NSTL STN,MS 39529. RP RATHBUN, RE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,5293 WARD RD,ARVADA,CO 80002, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 123 IS 3-4 BP 225 EP 242 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(91)90092-V PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA FD572 UT WOS:A1991FD57200002 ER PT J AU HIMMELBERG, GR BREW, DA FORD, AB AF HIMMELBERG, GR BREW, DA FORD, AB TI DEVELOPMENT OF INVERTED METAMORPHIC ISOGRADS IN THE WESTERN METAMORPHIC BELT, JUNEAU, ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COAST PLUTONIC METAMORPHIC COMPLEX, SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; INVERTED ISOGRADS; THERMOBAROMETRY ID COAST PLUTONIC COMPLEX; TEMPERATURE TIME PATHS; P-T PATHS; REGIONAL METAMORPHISM; SCANDINAVIAN CALEDONIDES; GEOLOGIC THERMOBAROMETRY; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; CANADIAN CORDILLERA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PELITIC SCHISTS AB An inverted metamorphic gradient is preserved in the western metamorphic belt near Juneau, Alaska. The western metamorphic belt is part of the Coast plutonic-metamorphic complex of western Canada and southeastern Alaska that developed as a result of tectonic overlap and/or compressional thickening of crustal rocks during collision of the Alexander and Stikine terranes. Detailed mapping of pelitic single-mineral isograds, systematic changes in mineral assemblages, and silicate geothermometry indicate that thermal peak metamorphic conditions increase structurally upward over a distance of about 8 km. Peak temperatures of metamorphism increase progressively from about 530-degrees-C for the garnet zone to about 705-degrees-C for the upper kyanite-biotite zone. Silicate geobarometry suggests that the thermal peak metamorphism occurred under pressures of 9-11 kbar. The metamorphic isograds are in general parallel to the tonalite sill that is regionally continuous along the east side of the western metamorphic belt, although truncation of the isograds north of Juneau indicates that the sill intrusion continued after the isograds were established. Our preferred interpretation of the cause of the inverted gradient is that it formed during compression of a thickened wedge of relatively wet and cool rocks in response to heat flow associated with the formation and emplacement of the tonalite sill magma. Garnet rim compositions and widespread growth of chlorite suggest partial re-equilibration of the schists under pressures of 5-6 kbar during uplift in response to final emplacement and crystallization of the tonalite sill. The combined results of this study with previous studies elsewhere in the western metamorphic belt indicate that high-T/high-P metamorphism associated with the collision of the Alexander and Stikine terranes was a long-lived event, extending from about 98 Ma to about 67 Ma. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT GEOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP HIMMELBERG, GR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 79 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0263-4929 J9 J METAMORPH GEOL JI J. Metamorph. Geol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 9 IS 2 BP 165 EP 180 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1991.tb00512.x PG 16 WC Geology SC Geology GA EZ144 UT WOS:A1991EZ14400005 ER PT J AU ELDER, WP AF ELDER, WP TI MYTILOIDES-HATTINI N-SP - A GUIDE FOSSIL FOR THE BASE OF THE TURONIAN IN THE WESTERN INTERIOR OF NORTH-AMERICA SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PATTERNS AB Mytiloides hattini, a new species of inoceramid bivalve from the basal Turonian (Upper Cretaceous), is described and its stratigraphic importance discussed. This inoceramid is particularly significant because its first occurrence can be used as a marker for the base of the Turonian in strata that typically contain no ammonites and few other taxa. The lowest occurrence of Mytiloides hattini is characterized by abundant specimens over wide regions of the Western Interior of North America; this species also apparently occurs in the lowest Turonian strata of western Europe. The typical absence of ammonites in this stratigraphic interval potentially makes the first occurrence of Mytiloides hattini an important fossil for regional and intercontinental correlation of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary. RP ELDER, WP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 915,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI ITHACA PA 1259 TRUMANSBURG ROAD, ITHACA, NY 14850 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 65 IS 2 BP 234 EP 241 PG 8 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA FJ836 UT WOS:A1991FJ83600006 ER PT J AU MARINCOVICH, L ZINSMEISTER, WJ AF MARINCOVICH, L ZINSMEISTER, WJ TI THE 1ST TERTIARY (PALEOCENE) MARINE MOLLUSKS FROM THE EUREKA SOUND GROUP, ELLESMERE-ISLAND, CANADA SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The gastropod Drepanochilus pervetus (Stanton) and the bivalve Cytrodaria rutupiensis (Morris) occur in the Mount Moore Formation at Strathcona Fiord, west-central Ellesmere Island, northern Canada. They are the first marine mollusks identified from the Eureka Sound Group of the Canadian arctic islands. These mollusks correlate with Paleocene faunas of the Cannonball Formation of North Dakota and South Dakota, the Prince Creek Formation of northern Alaska, the Barentsburg Formation of Syalbard, and the Thanet and Oldhaven Formations of southeastern England. These occurrences imply that the earliest Tertiary Arctic Ocean molluscan fauna was compositionally distinct from coeval faunas of the northern Atlantic Ocean. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP MARINCOVICH, L (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,PALEONTOL & STRATIG BRANCH,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 51 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI ITHACA PA 1259 TRUMANSBURG ROAD, ITHACA, NY 14850 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 65 IS 2 BP 242 EP 248 PG 7 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA FJ836 UT WOS:A1991FJ83600007 ER PT J AU LOCHMILLER, RL BOGGS, JF MCMURRY, ST LESLIE, DM ENGLE, DM AF LOCHMILLER, RL BOGGS, JF MCMURRY, ST LESLIE, DM ENGLE, DM TI RESPONSE OF COTTONTAIL RABBIT-POPULATIONS TO HERBICIDE AND FIRE APPLICATIONS ON CROSS TIMBERS RANGELAND SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE COTTONTAIL RABBIT; SYLVILAGUS-FLORIDANUS; POPULATION DYNAMICS; TEBUTHIURON; TRICLOPYR; BRUSH CONTROL; HABITAT USE ID MIXED-BRUSH; HABITAT; TEBUTHIURON; DENSITY AB Knowledge of how resident wildlife populations respond to brush management strategies is especially limited for rangelands in the cross timbers vegetation type of Oklahoma. We examined how cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus) density and habitat use were influenced by applications of tebuthiuron or triclopyr, with and without annual burning, on cross timbers rangeland. Line transect flush-counts, mark-recapture livetrapping, and fecal pellet counts were used to evaluate seasonal differences in population density among 5 brush control treatments. Cottontail rabbits (n = 225) were flushed along 362 km of line transects during 5 census periods. Density in winter was consistently lower than summer for all treatments, except for the untreated control in winter 1987. Line transect density estimates varied from 0 to 1.875 rabbits/ha and suggested that herbicide and annual burning treatments had a positive influence on cottontail rabbit populations compared to untreated controls. Mark-recapture density estimates did not differ among treatments. Fecal pellet counts were greater on herbicide-treated pastures than an untreated control in both spring and fall. Prairie-eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) and forest-prairie ecotone habitats were utilized greater than expected by cottontail rabbits. Mature hardwood overstory and mixed-brush habitats were avoided. Tebuthiuron and triclopyr effectively decreased hardwood overstory and increased preferred habitats for cottontail rabbits. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, OKLAHOMA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT, WASHINGTON, DC 20240 USA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, DEPT AGRON, WASHINGTON, DC 20240 USA. RP OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV, DEPT ZOOL, STILLWATER, OK 74078 USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 44 IS 2 BP 150 EP 155 DI 10.2307/4002314 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FD698 UT WOS:A1991FD69800011 ER PT J AU HEIKEN, G RAMOS, N DUFFIELD, W MUSGRAVE, J WOHLETZ, K PRIEST, S ALDRICH, J FLORES, W RITCHIE, A GOFF, F EPPLER, D ESCOBAR, C AF HEIKEN, G RAMOS, N DUFFIELD, W MUSGRAVE, J WOHLETZ, K PRIEST, S ALDRICH, J FLORES, W RITCHIE, A GOFF, F EPPLER, D ESCOBAR, C TI GEOLOGY OF THE PLATANARES GEOTHERMAL AREA, DEPARTAMENTO-DE-COPAN, HONDURAS SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The Platanares geothermal area, Departamento de Copan, Honduras, is located within a graben that is complexly faulted. The graben is bounded on the north by a highland composed of Paleozoic (?) metamorphic rocks in contact with Cretaceous - Tertiary redbeds of unknown thickness. These are unconformably overlain by Tertiary andesitic lavas, rhyolitic ignimbrites, and associated sedimentary rocks. The volcanic rocks are mostly older than 14 Ma, and thus are too old to represent the surface expression of an active crustal magma body. Thermal fluids that discharge in the area are heated during deep circulation of meteoric water along faults in a region of somewhat elevated heat flow. Geothermometry based upon the chemical composition of thermal fluids from hot springs and from geothermal gradient coreholes suggests that the reservoir equilibrated at temperatures as high as 225 to 240-degrees-C, within the Cretaceous redbed sequence. Three continuously cored geothermal gradient holes have been drilled; fluids of about 165-degrees-C have been produced from two drilled along a NW-trending fault zone, from depths of 250 to 680 m. A conductive thermal gradient of 139-degrees-C/km, at a depth of 400 m, was determined from the third well, drilled 0.6 km west of that fault zone. These data indicate that the Platanares geothermal area holds considerable promise for electrical generation by moderate-to high-temperature geothermal fluids. C1 EMPRESA NACL ENERGIA ELECT,TEGUCIGALPA,HONDURAS. COLL CHARLESTON,CHARLESTON,SC 29424. US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. RP HEIKEN, G (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ALAMOS SCI LAB,MS 964,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 45 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 58 DI 10.1016/0377-0273(91)90021-Q PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FE180 UT WOS:A1991FE18000005 ER PT J AU GOFF, F GOFF, SJ KELKAR, S SHEVENELL, L TRUESDELL, AH MUSGRAVE, J RUFENACHT, H FLORES, W AF GOFF, F GOFF, SJ KELKAR, S SHEVENELL, L TRUESDELL, AH MUSGRAVE, J RUFENACHT, H FLORES, W TI EXPLORATION DRILLING AND RESERVOIR MODEL OF THE PLATANARES GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM, HONDURAS, CENTRAL-AMERICA SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VALLES CALDERA; NEW-MEXICO AB Results of drilling, logging, and testing of three exploration core holes, combined with results of geologic and hydrogeochemical investigations, have been used to present a reservoir model of the Platanares geothermal system, Honduras. Geothermal fluids circulate at depths greater-than-or-equal-to 1.5 km in a region of active tectonism devoid of Quaternary volcanism. Large, artesian water entries of 160 to 165-degrees-C geothermal fluid in two core holes at 625 to 644 m and 460 to 635 m depth have maximum flow rates of roughly 355 and 5601/min, respectively, which are equivalent to power outputs of about 3.1 and 5.1 MW(thermal). Dilute, alkali-chloride reservoir fluids (TDS less-than-or-equal-to 1200 mg/kg) are produced from fractured Miocene andesite and Cretaceous to Eocene redbeds that are hydrothermally altered. Fracture permeabillity in producing horizons is locally greater than 1500 md and bulk porosity is less-than-or-equal-to 6%. A simple, fracture-dominated, volume-impedance model assuming turbulent flow indicates that the calculated reservoir storage capacity of each flowing hole is approximately 9.7 x 10(6) 1/(kg cm-2). Tritium data indicate a mean residence time of 450 yr for water in the reservoir. Multiplying the natural fluid discharge rate by the mean residence time gives an estimated water volume of the Platanares system of greater-than-or-equal-to 0.78 km3. Downward continuation of a 139-degrees-C/km "conductive" gradient at a depth of 400 m in a third core hole implies that the depth to a 225-degrees-C source reservoir (predicted from chemical geothermometers) is at least 1.5 km. Uranium-thorium disequilibrium ages on calcite veins at the surface and in the core holes indicate that the present Platanares hydrothermal system has been active for the last 0.25 m.y. C1 SWISSBORING LTD,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. EMPRESA NACL ENERGIA ELECT,UNIDAD PROYECTO GEOTERM,TEGUCIGALPA,HONDURAS. US GEOL SURVEY,IGNEOUS & GEOTHERMAL PROC BRANCH,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP GOFF, F (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ALAMOS SCI LAB,DIV EARTH & SPACE SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 45 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 123 DI 10.1016/0377-0273(91)90025-U PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FE180 UT WOS:A1991FE18000009 ER PT J AU JANIK, CJ TRUESDELL, AH GOFF, F SHEVENELL, L STALLARD, ML TRUJILLO, PE COUNCE, D AF JANIK, CJ TRUESDELL, AH GOFF, F SHEVENELL, L STALLARD, ML TRUJILLO, PE COUNCE, D TI A GEOCHEMICAL MODEL OF THE PLATANARES GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM, HONDURAS SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WATERS AB Results of exploration drilling combined with results of geologic, geophysical, and hydrogeochemical investigations have been used to construct a geochemical model of the Platanares geothermal system, Honduras. Three core holes were drilled, two of which produced fluids from fractured Miocene andesite and altered Cretaceous to Eocene conglomerate at 450 to 680 m depth. Large-volume artesian flows of 160-165-degrees-C, predominantly bicarbonate water are chemically similar to, but slightly less saline than widespread boiling hot-spring waters. The chemistry of the produced fluid is dominated by equilibrium reactions in sedimentary rocks at greater depths and higher temperatures than those measured in the wells. Chemical, isotope, and gas geothermometers indicate a deep fluid temperature of 200 - 245-degrees-C and reflect a relatively short residence time in the fractures feeding the wells. Chloride-enthalpy relations as well as isotopic and chemical compositions of well discharges, thermal springs, and local cold waters support a conceptual model of ascending high-temperature (minimum 225-degrees-C) parent fluid that has cooled conductively to form the 160 - 165-degrees-C shallow (to 680 m) fluid encountered by the wells. The hot-spring waters are formed by boiling and steam loss from more or less conductively cooled parent fluid. The more dilute boiling spring waters (Cl = approximately 32 mg/kg) have cooled from > 225-degrees-C to about 160-degrees-C by conduction and from 160-degrees-C to 98-degrees-C by boiling. The most concentrated boiling spring waters (Cl = 37 mg/kg) have cooled from > 225-degrees-C to about 200-degrees-C by conduction and from 200-degrees-C to 98-degrees-C by boiling. Intermediate concentrations reflect mixed cooling paths. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ALAMOS SCI LAB,DIV EARTH & SPACE SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP JANIK, CJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,IGNEOUS & GEOTHERMAL PROC BRANCH,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 45 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 146 DI 10.1016/0377-0273(91)90026-V PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FE180 UT WOS:A1991FE18000010 ER PT J AU BARGAR, KE AF BARGAR, KE TI FLUID INCLUSIONS AND PRELIMINARY STUDIES OF HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION IN CORE HOLE PLTG-1, PLATANARES GEOTHERMAL AREA, HONDURAS SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLUORITE; SYSTEM; FIELD; USA AB The Platanares geothermal area in western Honduras consists of more than 100 hot springs that issue from numerous hot-spring groups along the banks or within the streambed of the Quebrada de Agua Caliente (brook of hot water). Evaluation of this geothermal area included drilling a 650-m deep PLTG-1 drill hole which penetrated a surface mantling of stream terrace deposits, about 550 m of Tertiary andesitic lava flows, and Cretaceous to lower Tertiary sedimentary rocks in the lower 90 m of the drill core. Fractures and cavities in the drill core are partly to completely filled by hydrothermal minerals that include quartz, kaolinite, mixed-layer illite-smectite, barite, fluorite, chlorite, calcite, laumontite, biotite, hematite, marcasite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, stibnite, and sphalerite; the most common open-space fillings are calcite and quartz. Biotite from 138.9-m depth, dated at 37.41 Ma by replicate Ar-40/Ar-39 analyses using a continuous laser system, is the earliest hydrothermal mineral deposited in the PLTG-1 drill core. This mid-Tertiary age indicates that at least some of the hydrothermal alteration encountered in the PLTG-1 drill core occured in the distant past and is unrelated to the present geothermal system. Furthermore, homogenization temperatures (T(h)) and melting-point temperatures (T(m)) for fluid inclusions in two of the later-formed hydrothermal minerals, calcite and barite, suggest that the temperatures and concentration of dissolved solids of the fluids present at the time these fluid inclusions formed were very different from the present temperatures and fluid chemistry measured in the drill hole. Liquid-rich secondary fluid inclusions in barite and calcite from drill hole PLTG-1 have T(h) values that range from about 20-degrees-C less than the present measured temperature curve at 590n-m depth to as much as 90-degrees-C higher than the temperature curve at 46.75-m depth. Many of the barite T(h) measurements (ranging between 114-degrees and 265-degrees-C) plot above the reference surface boiling-point curve for pure water assuming hydrostatic conditions; however, the absence of evidence for boiling in the fluid inclusions indicates that at the time the minerals formed, the ground surface must have been at least 80 m higher than at present and underwent stream erosion to the current elevation. Near-surface mixed-layer illite-smectite is closely associated with barite and appears to have formed at about the same temperature range (about 120-degrees to 200-degrees-C) as the fluid-inclusion T(h) values for barite. Fluid-inclusion T(h) values for calcite range between about 136-degrees and 213-degrees-C. Several of the calcite T(h) values are significantly lower than the present measured temperature curve. The melting-point temperatures (T(m)) of fluid-inclusion ice yield calculated salinities, ranging from near zero to as much as 5.4 wt. % NaCl equivalent, which suggest that much of the barite and calcite precipitated from fluids of significantly greater salinity than the present low salinity Platanares hot-spring water or water produced from the drill hole. RP BARGAR, KE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 45 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 160 DI 10.1016/0377-0273(91)90027-W PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FE180 UT WOS:A1991FE18000011 ER PT J AU KVITEK, RG DEGANGE, AR BEITLER, MK AF KVITEK, RG DEGANGE, AR BEITLER, MK TI PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING TOXINS MEDIATE FEEDING-BEHAVIOR OF SEA OTTERS SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Note ID BUTTERFLIES; FISHES; KILLS AB Captive sea otters (Enhydra lutris) fed live Saxidomus giganteus (butter clams) ad libitum either reduced their prey capture and consumption rates or discarded the highly toxic siphons and kidneys when switched from clams containing very low levels of saxitoxin [37 +/- 9-mu-g STX (100 g)-1] to highly toxic clams [226 +/- 96-mu-g STX (100 g)-1]. Feeding rates returned to pretreatment levels when the otters were again switched to low-toxicity clams, but siphon discard frequency remained high. Paralytic shellfish poisoning symptoms were observed only in an otter calculated to have consumed the most STX (154-mu-g kg-1 d-1), a dosage within the range of oral LD50S reported for other nonprimate mammals. None of the other otters displayed symptoms, and all subjects were eventually released in good health. These findings suggest that otters are not immune to paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSPT) and that they have the ability to detect and avoid consumption of lethal amounts of toxic prey. This behavioral response is highly adaptive given the importance of butter clams in sea otter diets, and the chronic toxicity of butter clams in areas where toxic dinoflagellate blooms occur. A comparison of the distributions of otters and toxicity levels of butter clams in southeast Alaska suggests that the sequestering of PSPT may protect some clam populations from otter predation and limit the distribution of otters to the exposed outer coast where toxic clams are rare. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ZOOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. UNIV WASHINGTON,INST FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NR 34 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 36 IS 2 BP 393 EP 404 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA FQ787 UT WOS:A1991FQ78700020 ER PT J AU SHOEMAKER, EM AF SHOEMAKER, EM TI BARRINGER MEDAL CITATION FOR GRIEVE,RICHARD,A.F. SO METEORITICS LA English DT Item About an Individual RP SHOEMAKER, EM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,ASTROGEOL BRANCH,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORITICS JI Meteoritics PD MAR PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 71 EP 71 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FG532 UT WOS:A1991FG53200011 ER PT J AU CHAVEZ, PS SIDES, SC ANDERSON, JA AF CHAVEZ, PS SIDES, SC ANDERSON, JA TI COMPARISON OF 3 DIFFERENT METHODS TO MERGE MULTIRESOLUTION AND MULTISPECTRAL DATA - LANDSAT TM AND SPOT PANCHROMATIC SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID THEMATIC MAPPER AB The merging of multisensor image data is becoming a widely used procedure because of the complementary nature of various data sets. Ideally, the method used to merge data sets with high-spatial and high-spectral resolution should not distort the spectral characteristics of the high-spectral resolution data. This paper compares the results of three different methods used to merge the information contents of the Landsat Thermatic Mapper (TM) and Satellite Pour l' Observation de la Terre (SPOT) panchromatic data. The comparison is based on spectral characteristics and is made using statistical, visual, and graphical analyses of the results. The three methods used to merge the information contents of the Landsat TM and SPOT panchromatic data were the Hue-Intensity-Saturation (HIS), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and High-Pass Filter (HPF) procedures. The HIS method distorted the spectral characteristics of the data the most. The HPF method distorted the spectral characteristics the least; the distortions were minimal and difficult to detect. RP CHAVEZ, PS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 8 TC 520 Z9 600 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 57 IS 3 BP 295 EP 303 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA FA556 UT WOS:A1991FA55600005 ER PT J AU BEGET, JE REGER, RD PINNEY, D GILLISPIE, T CAMPBELL, K AF BEGET, JE REGER, RD PINNEY, D GILLISPIE, T CAMPBELL, K TI CORRELATION OF THE HOLOCENE JARVIS CREEK, TANGLE LAKES, CANTWELL, AND HAYES TEPHRAS IN SOUTH-CENTRAL AND CENTRAL ALASKA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION C1 ALASKA DIV GEOL & GEOPHYS SURVEYS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99709. UNIV ALASKA,INST GEOPHYS,ALASKA VOLCANO OBSERV,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. GDM CONSULTANTS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99707. RP BEGET, JE (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 35 IS 2 BP 174 EP 189 DI 10.1016/0033-5894(91)90065-D PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA FB564 UT WOS:A1991FB56400002 ER PT J AU ATTANASI, E AF ATTANASI, E TI CONCISE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MINERAL-RESOURCES - CARR,DD, HERZ,N SO RESOURCES POLICY LA English DT Book Review RP ATTANASI, E (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0301-4207 J9 RESOUR POLICY JI Resour. Policy PD MAR PY 1991 VL 17 IS 1 BP 86 EP 86 DI 10.1016/0301-4207(91)90028-T PG 1 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FD339 UT WOS:A1991FD33900008 ER PT J AU OBERMEIER, SF BLEUER, NR MUNSON, CA MUNSON, PJ MARTIN, WS MCWILLIAMS, KM TABACZYNSKI, DA ODUM, JK RUBIN, M EGGERT, DL AF OBERMEIER, SF BLEUER, NR MUNSON, CA MUNSON, PJ MARTIN, WS MCWILLIAMS, KM TABACZYNSKI, DA ODUM, JK RUBIN, M EGGERT, DL TI EVIDENCE OF STRONG EARTHQUAKE SHAKING IN THE LOWER WABASH VALLEY FROM PREHISTORIC LIQUEFACTION FEATURES SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Earthquake-induced liquefaction features in Holocene sediments provide evidence of strong prehistoric shaking, magnitude m(b) 6.2 to 6.7, in the Wabash Valley bordering Indiana and Illinois. The source of the one or more earthquakes responsible was almost certainly in or near the Wabash Valley. The largest event is interpreted to have occurred between 7500 and 1500 years ago on the basis of archeological, pedological, and stratigraphic relations. C1 INDIANA GEOL SURVEY,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405. USDA,CARMI,IL 62821. USDA,JASPER,IN 47546. INDIANA UNIV,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405. RP OBERMEIER, SF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 10 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 1 PY 1991 VL 251 IS 4997 BP 1061 EP 1063 DI 10.1126/science.251.4997.1061 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EZ665 UT WOS:A1991EZ66500046 PM 17802091 ER PT J AU MORGAN, JW GOLIGHTLY, DW DORRZAPF, AF AF MORGAN, JW GOLIGHTLY, DW DORRZAPF, AF TI METHODS FOR THE SEPARATION OF RHENIUM, OSMIUM AND MOLYBDENUM APPLICABLE TO ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY SO TALANTA LA English DT Article ID HALF-LIFE; SYSTEMATICS; METEORITES; RE-187 AB Effective methods are described for the chemical separation of rhenium, osmium and molybdenum. The methods are based on distillation and anion-exchange chromatography, and have been the basis for rhenium-osmium isotope studies of ore deposits and meteorites. Successful anion-exchange separation of osmium requires both recognition and careful control of the osmium species in solution; thus, distillation of osmium tetroxide from a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide is preferred to anion-exchange. Distribution coefficients measured for perrhenate in sulfuric acid media are sufficiently high (K(d) > 500) for rhenium to be directly loaded onto an ion-exchange column from a distillation residue and subsequently eluted with nitric acid. Polymerization of molybdenum species during elution is prevented by use of a solution that is 1 M in hydrochloric acid and 1 M in sodium chloride. RP MORGAN, JW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,981 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 39 TC 55 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD MAR PY 1991 VL 38 IS 3 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1016/0039-9140(91)80045-2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FD455 UT WOS:A1991FD45500004 PM 18965138 ER PT J AU JOHANNSSON, OE OGORMAN, R AF JOHANNSSON, OE OGORMAN, R TI ROLES OF PREDATION, FOOD, AND TEMPERATURE IN STRUCTURING THE EPILIMNETIC ZOOPLANKTON POPULATIONS IN LAKE-ONTARIO, 1981-1986 SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; WATER CHEMISTRY; MYSIS-RELICTA; ALEWIFE; FISH; COMMUNITIES; DYNAMICS; SIZE; VERTEBRATE; ABUNDANCE AB We sampled phytoplankton, zooplankton, and alewives Alosa pseudoharengus and measured water temperature in Lake Ontario during 1981-1986. Through the use of general linear regression models we then sought evidence of control of the eplimnetic zooplankton community (mid-July to mid-October) by producers, consumers, and temperature. Our measures of the zooplankton community were total biomass, cladoceran biomass, and the ratio of large to small Daphnia spp. (D. galeata mendotae and D. retrocurva). Zooplankton population variables assessed were abundance, egg ratio, and productivity. Through factor analysis, factors were created from the standardized, transformed independent variables for use in the regression analyses. Regression models showed significant inverse relationships (P < 0.05) between alewives and Bosmina longirostris (abundance, production, and egg ratio), Ceriodaphnia lacustris (egg ratio), and Daphnia retrocurva (egg ratio). Bosmina longirostris and D. retrocurva egg ratios were inversely related to algae biomass (< 20-mu-m), thus the smaller algae might be controlled in part by the zooplankton community. Production of C. lacustris was directly related to temperature, as was the production and abundance of Tropocyclops prasinus. The annual size-frequency distributions of B. longirostris and D. retrocurva were inversely related to yearling alewife abundance and directly related to adult alewife abundance, which suggested that yearlings use a particulate-feeding mode on these zooplankton species more frequently than adults. We found no significant negative correlations among the zooplankton species, which suggested that interzooplankton predation and competition were not as important in structuring the community as were planktivory and temperature. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OSWEGO BIOL STN,OSWEGO,NY 13126. RP JOHANNSSON, OE (reprint author), ENVIRONM CANADA,CANADA CTR INLAND WATERS,GREAT LAKES LAB FISHERIES & AQUAT SCI,867 LAKESHORE RD,BURLINGTON L7R 4A6,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 53 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 120 IS 2 BP 193 EP 208 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0193:ROPFAT>2.3.CO;2 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA FR516 UT WOS:A1991FR51600007 ER PT J AU MAZIK, PM HINMAN, ML WINKELMANN, DA KLAINE, SJ SIMCO, BA PARKER, NC AF MAZIK, PM HINMAN, ML WINKELMANN, DA KLAINE, SJ SIMCO, BA PARKER, NC TI INFLUENCE OF NITRITE AND CHLORIDE CONCENTRATIONS ON SURVIVAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILES OF STRIPED BASS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; OSMOTIC WATER PERMEABILITY; RAINBOW-TROUT; FRESH-WATER; CHANNEL CATFISH; INDUCED METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; LARGEMOUTH BASS; CALCIUM CONCENTRATIONS; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; TOXICITY AB The 24-h median lethal concentration of nitrite (NO2-) for striped bass Morone saxatilis was 163 mg/L in static toxicity tests. Exogenous chloride ions increased the tolerance of the fish for NO2-; CaCl2 was more than twice as effective as NaCl. Plasma NO2-, cortisol, and methemoglobin were correlated positively with environmental NO2-. Plasma NO2- and methemoglobin were correlated negatively with environmental Cl-, but cortisol was not reduced by the presence of environmental Cl-. Striped bass maintained NO2- in the plasma (0-45 mg NO2-/L) at concentrations below those in the environment (0-250 mg NO2-/L). However, striped bass were sensitive to NO2- that entered the plasma; methemoglobin levels greater than 60% and plasma NO2- levels greater than 70 mg/L resulted in significant mortalities. C1 MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. RP MAZIK, PM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,SE FISH CULTURAL LAB,ROUTE 3,POB 88,MARION,AL 36756, USA. RI Klaine, Stephen/C-5352-2011 NR 49 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 120 IS 2 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0247:IONACC>2.3.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA FR516 UT WOS:A1991FR51600011 ER PT J AU NAFF, RL AF NAFF, RL TI RADIAL FLOW IN HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA - AN ANALYSIS OF SPECIFIC DISCHARGE SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; SUBSURFACE FLOWS AB A perturbation solution to three-dimensional radial flow in heterogeneous porous media is reported on; the analytical solution is in terms of the first and second moments of the gradient in the radial direction and the specific discharge in this direction. The solution requires evaluation, numerically in the case of this paper, of some rather difficult integrals which compose its basic form. By proper adjustment of the statistical anisotropy of the medium, a solution for the two-dimensional flow problem can be emulated; the two-dimensional solution for the mean and variance in specific discharge resembles asymptotes reported earlier by another investigator. In general, the effective hydraulic conductivity, outside a few length scales of the well itself, is found to be nearly constant and dependent upon the value selected for the statistical anisotropy factor; the variance in specific discharge behaves nearly as the inverse square of the distance from the well in all cases. RP NAFF, RL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046 MS 413,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 10 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 27 IS 3 BP 307 EP 316 DI 10.1029/90WR02410 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA FA001 UT WOS:A1991FA00100006 ER PT J AU DESTEFANO, S BRAND, CJ RUSCH, DH FINLEY, DL GILLESPIE, MM AF DESTEFANO, S BRAND, CJ RUSCH, DH FINLEY, DL GILLESPIE, MM TI LEAD-EXPOSURE IN CANADA GEESE OF THE EASTERN PRAIRIE POPULATION SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DUCKS; SHOT; WATERFOWL C1 UNIV IDAHO, DEPT FISH & WILDLIFE RESOURCES, MOSCOW, ID 83843 USA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, NATL WILDLIFE HLTH RES CTR, MADISON, WI 53711 USA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, WISCONSIN COOPERAT WILDLIFE RES UNIT, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, NATL WILDLIFE HLTH RES CTR, MADISON, WI 53711 USA. MANITOBA DEPT MINES NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM, WINNIPEG R3H 0W9, MANITOBA, CANADA. NR 35 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 1991 VL 19 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA FG324 UT WOS:A1991FG32400003 ER PT J AU PARKER, WT PHILLIPS, MK AF PARKER, WT PHILLIPS, MK TI APPLICATION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL POPULATION DESIGNATION TO RECOVERY OF ENDANGERED RED WOLVES SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ASHEVILLE,NC 28801. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 1991 VL 19 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA FG324 UT WOS:A1991FG32400012 ER PT J AU CRONIN, MA PALMISCIANO, DA VYSE, ER CAMERON, DG AF CRONIN, MA PALMISCIANO, DA VYSE, ER CAMERON, DG TI MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA IN WILDLIFE FORENSIC-SCIENCE - SPECIES IDENTIFICATION OF TISSUES SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; SEQUENCE RELATEDNESS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MULE DEER; HYBRIDIZATION; DIFFERENTIATION; FINGERPRINTS C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. MONTANA DEPT FISH WILDLIFE & PARKS,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. NR 42 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 1991 VL 19 IS 1 BP 94 EP 105 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA FG324 UT WOS:A1991FG32400015 ER PT J AU DELGIUDICE, GD SEAL, US MECH, LD AF DELGIUDICE, GD SEAL, US MECH, LD TI INDICATORS OF SEVERE UNDERNUTRITION IN URINE OF FREE-RANGING ELK DURING WINTER SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; MULE DEER; SNOW; POPULATIONS; PROFILES; WEIGHT; FAT C1 US VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,RES SERV,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55417. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT BIOCHEM,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 1991 VL 19 IS 1 BP 106 EP 110 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA FG324 UT WOS:A1991FG32400016 ER PT J AU COSTA, JE AF COSTA, JE TI NATURE, MECHANICS, AND MITIGATION OF THE VAL POLA LANDSLIDE, VALTELLINA, ITALY, 1987-1988 SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GEOMORPHOLOGIE LA English DT Article AB The Valtellina in Northern Italy was deluged by more than 600 mm of rainfall in mid-July, 1987 during a period of exceptionally warm temperatures. Runoff from melting glaciers and the unusual rainfall produced numerous small landslides, and floods with recurrence intervals in excess of 100 years. Between July 18-19, a debris flow from one small tributary (Val Pola) dammed the Adda River, forming a lake with an estimated volume of 50,000 m3 and a depth of about 5 m. On July 28, 1987, a rock avalanche with a volume of 35 million m3 collapsed into the Adda River valley, catastrophically displaced the water in the Val Pola debris-dam lake, and ran up 300 m on the opposite valley side. The avalanche sent a wave of water and sediment 2.7 km upstream, damaged three villages, claimed 27 lives, and dammed the Adda River valley. Using the apparent friction coefficient of the rock avalanche of 0.36, and the run-up height of 300 m, the Val Pola rock avalanche moved with a maximum velocity between 275 and 390 km/hr, placing this landslide among the most rapid mass movements ever documented. The landslide and the landslide dam were intensively monitored by local and regional scientists and engineers with extensometers, microseismometers, rain gages, inclinometers, streamflow gages and a specialized data transmission and alert system. The dam did not fail in spite of three days of overtopping flows up to 40 m3/S. A series of three temporary pumping stations were installed to stabilize and drain the landslide-dammed lake. The permanent solution to stabilize the dam entailed drilling and blasting of two diversion tunnels through bedrock valley walls, reshaping the dam to flatten slopes, and constructing a 2-km long emergency riprapped spillway with drop structures and energy-dissipation structures. RP COSTA, JE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,5400 MACARTHUR BLVD,VANCOUVER,WA 98661, USA. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEBRUDER BORNTRAEGER PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESSTR 3A, D-70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0372-8854 J9 Z GEOMORPHOL JI Z. Geomorphol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 35 IS 1 BP 15 EP 38 PG 24 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA FN942 UT WOS:A1991FN94200002 ER PT J AU KANAMORI, H MORI, J ANDERSON, DL HEATON, TH AF KANAMORI, H MORI, J ANDERSON, DL HEATON, TH TI SEISMIC EXCITATION BY THE SPACE-SHUTTLE COLUMBIA SO NATURE LA English DT Article AB SEISMIC stations in southern California recorded the atmospheric shock waves generated by the space shuttle Columbia on its return to the Edwards Air Force base on 13 August 1989 (Fig. 1). In addition to the shock wave, the broad-band IRIS-TERRAscope station at Pasadena recorded a distinct pulse with a period of approximately 2-3 seconds, which arrived 12.5 seconds before the shock wave (Fig. 2). This pulse was also recorded at the University of Southern California, near downtown Los Angeles, where it arrived 3 seconds after the shock wave. The origin of this pulse could not be readily identified. We show here that it was a seismic P wave excited by the motion of high-rise buildings in downtown Los Angeles, which were hit by the shock wave. The proximity of the natural period of the high-rise buildings to that of the Los Angeles basin enabled efficient energy transfer from shock wave to seismic wave. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,PASADENA,CA 91106. RP KANAMORI, H (reprint author), CALTECH,SEISMOL LAB,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. NR 9 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 28 PY 1991 VL 349 IS 6312 BP 781 EP 782 DI 10.1038/349781a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EZ666 UT WOS:A1991EZ66600052 ER PT J AU REVESZ, K COPLEN, TB AF REVESZ, K COPLEN, TB TI CAUTION ON THE USE OF VITON OR FETFE O-RINGS IN CARBON-DIOXIDE SAMPLE CONTAINERS FOR DELTA-O-18 ANALYSIS SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Note AB After 10 days, 3-mu-mol CO2 samples in containers having glass stopcocks with Viton(R) or FETFE O-rings were enriched in O-18 by 1.5 parts per thousand as a result of absorption by the elastomer; this amount of enrichment is approximately 20 times greater than the precision of delta-O-18 measurements of most laboratories. No change in C-13 content was observed. Increasing the sample size to 100-mu-mol resulted in an O-18 enrichment of 0.2 parts per thousand and did not affect the C-13 content. Caution needs to be exercised in selecting sample containers for CO2 isotope-ratio samples of < 200-mu-mol. If stopcocks are used in construction of containers for such samples, the use of all-glass stopcocks with Apiezon N(R) hydrocarbon-based grease will eliminate the fractionation of oxygen isotopes. RP REVESZ, K (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,431 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 2 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 20 PY 1991 VL 86 IS 3 BP 259 EP 261 DI 10.1016/0168-9622(91)90054-Z PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FB899 UT WOS:A1991FB89900007 ER PT J AU HUGHES, SG AF HUGHES, SG TI USE OF LUPIN FLOUR AS A REPLACEMENT FOR FULL-FAT SOY IN DIETS FOR RAINBOW-TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID CARCASS COMPOSITION; GROWTH AB A 12-week feeding study was conducted to determine if either whole or dehulled lupin flour could be used as an economical replacement for full-fat soybean meal (FFSM) in a ration for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and to determine if it was necessary to replace the soybean oil lost when FFSM was omitted from the ration. The ressults of the trial indicated that lupin can be used as a substitute for FFSM without the soy oil supplements used in a previous study. Total percentage weight gains of fish fed the diets containing soy, lupin, or lupin with added oil for 12 weeks all fell within the range 170-180. In addition, in fish fed the diets containing the higher-protein lupin, growth was at least equal to and up to 15% greater than that shown by the fish fed the soy diets. This interpretation of the data would indicate that the economics of using lupin (at the quoted prices) favors its use over FFSM in the test ration and that the dehulled (higher-protein) lupin may be even more desirable for use in feeds for salmonids. RP HUGHES, SG (reprint author), MONELL CHEM SENSES RES CTR,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,TUNISON LAB,3500 MARKET ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 15 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD FEB 15 PY 1991 VL 93 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(91)90204-K PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA FA432 UT WOS:A1991FA43200005 ER PT J AU SLACK, KV TILLEY, LJ KENNELLY, SS AF SLACK, KV TILLEY, LJ KENNELLY, SS TI MESH-SIZE EFFECTS ON DRIFT SAMPLE COMPOSITION AS DETERMINED WITH A TRIPLE NET SAMPLER SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE INVERTEBRATE DRIFT; DRIFT SAMPLING; MESH SIZE EFFECTS ID ROCKY-MOUNTAIN STREAM; INVERTEBRATE DRIFT; MACROINVERTEBRATE DRIFT; RIVER; DISCHARGE; PATTERNS; ALBERTA; BENTHOS; FAUNA AB Nested nets of three different mesh apertures were used to study mesh-size effects on drift collected in a small mountain stream. The innermost, middle, and outermost nets had, respectively, 425-mu-m, 209-mu-m and 106-mu-m openings, a design that reduced clogging while partitioning collections into three size groups. The open area of mesh in each net, from largest to smallest mesh opening, was 3.7, 5.7 and 8.0 times the area of the net mouth. Volumes of filtered water were determined with a flowmeter. The results are expressed as (1) drift retained by each net, (2) drift that would have been collected by a single net of given mesh size, and (3) the percentage of total drift (the sum of the catches from all three nets) that passed through the 425-mu-m and 209-mu-m nets. During a two day period in August 1986, Chironomidae larvae were dominant numerically in all 209-mu-m and 106-mu-m samples and midday 425-mu-m samples. Large drifters (Ephemerellidae) occurred only in 425-mu-m or 209-mu-m nets, but the general pattern was an increase in abundance and number of taxa with decreasing mesh size. Relatively more individuals occurred in the larger mesh nets at night than during the day. The two larger mesh sizes retained 70% of the total sediment/detritus in the drift collections, and this decreased the rate of clogging of the 106-mu-m net. If an objective of a sampling program is to compare drift density or drift rate between areas or sampling dates, the same mesh size should be used for all sample collection and processing. The mesh aperture used for drift collection should retain all species and life stages of significance in a study. The nested net design enables an investigator to test the adequacy of drift samples. RP SLACK, KV (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MAIL STOP 421,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD FEB 15 PY 1991 VL 209 IS 3 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1007/BF00015344 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA FA888 UT WOS:A1991FA88800005 ER PT J AU KRAEMER, TF CURWICK, PB AF KRAEMER, TF CURWICK, PB TI RADIUM ISOTOPES IN THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID RA-226; ESTUARY AB Radium isotopes have been measured in Mississippi River water at several locations between St. Francisville and Venice, Louisiana. Measured activities averaged 11.1 dpm/100 L (disintegrations per minute per 100 L) for dissolved Ra-226 with a Ra-228/Ra-226 activity ratio of 1.04 and a Ra-224/Ra-228 activity ratio of 1.06 for the section of river above a phosphogypsum waste-discharge input. Down river from this site, the dissolved Ra-226 activity averaged 22.4 dpm/100 L with a Ra-228/Ra-226 activity ratio of 0.55 and a Ra-224/Ra-228 activity ratio of 0.87. Chemical and isotopic reequilibration of the radium in the waste with that in the river water and suspended sediments occurs very rapidly. Fluxes of Ra-226 are calculated to be 2.44 x 10(14) dpm/yr (disintegrations per minute per year) for the main stem of the Mississippi during phosphogypsum disposal compared to 0.98 x 10(14) dpm/yr when no phosphogypsum disposal is occurring. Ra-228 flux is calculated to be 1.06 x 10(14) dpm/yr during disposal and 1.01 x 10(14) dpm/yr in the absence of disposal. The radium flux is estimated to be 45% in the dissolved state and 55% in the adsorbed state. C1 ECOTECH CORP,BATON ROUGE,LA 70808. RP KRAEMER, TF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,431 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 15 PY 1991 VL 96 IS C2 BP 2797 EP 2806 DI 10.1029/90JC02456 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EY608 UT WOS:A1991EY60800022 ER PT J AU ROSENBAUM, JG HUDSON, MR SCOTT, RB AF ROSENBAUM, JG HUDSON, MR SCOTT, RB TI PALEOMAGNETIC CONSTRAINTS ON THE GEOMETRY AND TIMING OF DEFORMATION AT YUCCA MOUNTAIN, NEVADA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article ID ASH-FLOW TUFFS; VALLEY SHEAR ZONE; TECTONIC ROTATION; SOUTHWEST WASHINGTON; TERTIARY EXTENSION; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; BLOCK ROTATION; CLARK-COUNTY; CALIFORNIA; PLATEAU AB Paleomagnetic data from Miocene ash flow sheets indicate that southern Yucca Mountain has undergone about 30-degrees of clockwise vertical-axis rotation since emplacement of the Tiva Canyon Member of the Paintbrush Tuff at about 13 Ma. Declinations of remanent magnetization from 32 sites in the reversely magnetized Tiva Canyon Member display a systematic southward increase over the 25 km north-south extent of Yucca Mountain. Probable errors in estimating structural attitudes are a major source of uncertainty in determining the amount of rotation between any two sites. Analysis of tilt-corrected directions of remanent magnetization from the Tiva Canyon sites indicates that structural attitudes determined from outcrop patterns on geologic maps are generally more accurate than field measurements of attitudes of compaction foliation or contacts. Attitudes determined from map patterns apparently minimize effects of (1) initial dips, (2) poorly defined compaction foliation, and (3) tilting that occurred after compaction but before blocking of remanence; however, such attitudes cannot accurately represent tilting related to unmapped local structures. Rotations implied by data from three older ash flow sheets, the Topopah Spring Member of the Paintbrush Tuff (seven sites), and the Prow Pass (four sites) and Bullfrog (three sites) Members of the Crater Flat Tuff are generally consistent with the amount and sense of rotation documented by data from the Tiva Canyon Member. Uncertainties in the declinations of tilt-corrected site mean directions from these older units preclude evaluating whether older units have undergone more rotation than the Tiva Canyon Member. RP ROSENBAUM, JG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 55 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD FEB 10 PY 1991 VL 96 IS B2 BP 1963 EP 1979 DI 10.1029/90JB01966 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EX668 UT WOS:A1991EX66800005 ER PT J AU DVORAK, JJ BERRINO, G AF DVORAK, JJ BERRINO, G TI RECENT GROUND MOVEMENT AND SEISMIC ACTIVITY IN CAMPI FLEGREI, SOUTHERN ITALY - EPISODIC GROWTH OF A RESURGENT DOME SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE DEFORMATION; LONG VALLEY; CALDERA; CALIFORNIA AB Leveling surveys in Campi Flegrei, an active volcanic caldera in southern Italy, show that this caldera has undergone both subsidence and uplift of a few meters during the past 85 years. A single source located at a depth of about 3 km beneath the center of the caldera can account for almost all elevation changes recorded in Campi Flegrei since the first leveling survey conducted in 1905/1907. This includes leveling surveys that span periods of subsidence (such as between 1905/1907 and 1919 and between January 1985 and October 1986) and periods of rapid uplift (between March 1970 and October 1971 and between January 1981 and December 1984). A possible geometry for the source of uplift and subsidence beneath Campi Flegrei is a rectangular horizontal sheet located at a depth of about 3 km and centered a few hundred meters east of the city of Pozzuoli. The horizontal dimensions of this sheet are about 1.5 km by 3.0 km; the long axis is oriented N70-degrees-W. This sheet lies adjacent to the most intense area of seismicity that occurred from mid-1983 to December 1984. During an uplift episode this sheet may represent the top of a magma body undergoing internal pressure changes, possibly by intrusion of additional magma. Subsidence is caused by groundwater removal from the water-saturated deposits that fill this caldera to a depth of a few kilometers. A temporary increase in subsidence rate after an uplift episode is caused by increased rate of groundwater removal from newly fractured regions that lie immediately above the magma body. The close proximity of this water-saturated region and the magma body makes it impossible to separate the depth to these two sources from the results of leveling surveys. Two observations indicate that uplift has occurred in the center of Campi Flegrei for at least the past several thousand years. First, marine deposits in the center of Campi Flegrei were uplifted at least 40 m between 4000 and 8000 years ago. Second, continuous seismic profiles of the undersea portion of Campi Flegrei have identified only one region where rocks are fractured and faulted: adjacent to the uplifted marine deposits that surround the point of maximum uplift indicated by recent leveling surveys. On the basis of these observations and the historical record of activity we suggest that Campi Flegrei caldera is in a stage of growing a resurgent dome. The present diameter of the resurgent dome is about 4 km, and the maximum amount of vertical uplift during the past 10,000 years has probably not exceeded 100 m. The episodes of rapid uplift and shallow earthquake swarms during the past 20 years are probably related to the growth of this resurgent dome. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERV,HAWAII NATL PK,HI. OSSERV VESUVIANO,NAPLES,ITALY. RI BERRINO, Giovanna/O-8281-2015 OI BERRINO, Giovanna/0000-0002-4703-2435 NR 45 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD FEB 10 PY 1991 VL 96 IS B2 BP 2309 EP 2323 DI 10.1029/90JB02225 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EX668 UT WOS:A1991EX66800026 ER PT J AU HOLDAHL, SR DZURISIN, D AF HOLDAHL, SR DZURISIN, D TI TIME-DEPENDENT MODELS OF VERTICAL DEFORMATION FOR THE YELLOWSTONE-HEBGEN LAKE REGION, 1923-1987 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-PARK; SURFACE DISPLACEMENTS; CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS; EARTHQUAKE; MONTANA AB Results of repeated levelings have been used to determine the patterns of elevation change associated with the Yellowstone caldera, and apparent viscoelastic rebound following the magnitude 7.3 earthquake near Hebgen Lake in 1959. Models with alternative treatments for nonuniform height change were utilized. Area-wide levelings in 1923, 1975-1977, and 1987 in Yellowstone National Park allowed derivation of uplift velocities for the periods before and after 1976. Maximum uplift velocity for the earlier period was 14 mm/yr, causing 90 cm of height change from 1923 to 1984. Recent annual levelings on the east side of the caldera show a cessation of uplift in 1984-85, and the beginning of rapid subsidence; -19 mm/yr from 1985 to 1989. The long-term uplift correlates closely with the caldera rim. After structuring the leveling observations to be insensitive to the 1959 coseismic deformation (-6 m) at Hebgen Lake, the broader spatial pattern of postseismic rebound was resolved, showing uplift of at least 32 cm. As a group, the relevelings converging at nearby West Yellowstone were accomplished at various times, which allowed selection of a best model to fit the temporal character of postseismic motion. The preferred model has a 2-year decay period indicating that uplift stopped by 1970. Supplementary indications of the uplift near Hebgen Lake were obtained by comparing Global Positioning System data to earlier levelings, facilitated by a new precise geoid by D. G. Milbert and W. T. Dewhurst (submitted manuscript, 1990). C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DAVID A JOHNSTON CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERV,VANCOUVER,WA. RP HOLDAHL, SR (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,NATL GEODET SURVEY,CHARTING & GEODET SERV,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD FEB 10 PY 1991 VL 96 IS B2 BP 2465 EP 2483 DI 10.1029/90JB02011 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EX668 UT WOS:A1991EX66800036 ER PT J AU SASS, J AF SASS, J TI BOREHOLE STUDIES - CLIMATE PLUMBS THE DEPTHS SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material RP SASS, J (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 7 PY 1991 VL 349 IS 6309 BP 458 EP 458 DI 10.1038/349458a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EW571 UT WOS:A1991EW57100024 ER PT J AU GROUT, MA ABRAMS, GA TANG, RL HAINSWORTH, TJ VERBEEK, ER AF GROUT, MA ABRAMS, GA TANG, RL HAINSWORTH, TJ VERBEEK, ER TI LATE LARAMIDE THRUST-RELATED AND EVAPORITE-DOMED ANTICLINES IN THE SOUTHERN PICEANCE BASIN, NORTHEASTERN COLORADO PLATEAU SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article AB New seismic and gravity data across the hydrocarbon-producing Divide Creek and Wolf Creek anticlines in the southern Piceance basin reveal contrasting styles of deformation within two widely separated time frames. Seismic data indicate that prebasin Paleozoic deformation resulted in block faulting of the Precambrian crystalline basement rocks and overlying Cambrian through Middle Pennsylvanian strata. Movement along these block faults throughout much of Pennsylvanian time, during northeast-southwest crustal extension, likely influenced distribution of the Middle Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) evaporite-rich facies. Younger rocks, including the thick succession of Cenozoic basin strata, then buried the Paleozoic structures. Tectonic reconfiguration of the basin's eastern margin occurred during late Laramide northeast-southwest compression, when a basement-involved thrust block, whose surface expression is the Grand Hogback monocline, moved into the Piceance basin. A decollement developed in front of the thrust block within the mechanically weak Desmoinesian evaporites and splayed out basinward as small-scale imbricate thrusts in the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale. The Divide Creek anticline formed above these splays as thrusting locally overthickened the shale and repeated the sandstone units between it and the evaporites. The Wolf Creek anticline to the east, however, is due to both depositional and tectonic thickening of the evaporite section along the decollement. Gravity data confirm that excess material of relatively low density exists beneath the Wolf Creek structure, whereas material of relatively higher density (overthickened shale) is found beneath the Divide Creek anticline. Thrust-related basin margins and intrabasin folds structurally analogous to the Divide Creek and Wolf Creek anticlines may be more common than presently recognized in the Rocky Mountain foreland. One well-documented example is the Pinedale anticline in the northern Green River basin, Wyoming, which, like the Divide Creek anticline, developed above a zone of splay faults from a decollement in front of a large thrust block. C1 LOUISIANA LAND & EXPLORAT CO, DENVER, CO 80202 USA. RP GROUT, MA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, BOX 25046, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 205 EP 218 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EZ450 UT WOS:A1991EZ45000001 ER PT J AU ROTHWELL, RG KENYON, NH MCGREGOR, BA AF ROTHWELL, RG KENYON, NH MCGREGOR, BA TI SEDIMENTARY FEATURES OF THE SOUTH TEXAS CONTINENTAL-SLOPE AS REVEALED BY SIDE-SCAN SONAR AND HIGH-RESOLUTION SEISMIC DATA SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID ECHO CHARACTER; GLORIA; MARGIN; SHELF AB Sedimentary provinces on the south Texas slope have been identified by their acoustic character on long-range side-scan sonar records.and high-resolution seismic profiles. Probable lithofacies within these provinces have been identified by core data and by analogy with previously cored acoustic facies. In the northern part of the study area, the East Breaks Slide is a prominent mass-transport feature. Revised bathymetry shows that the slide originated on the upper slope (200-1000 m), in front of a sandy late Wisconsinan shelf-margin delta, where the gradient is up to 3-degrees. It was deposited in a middle slope position (1000-1500 m) where the gradient is about 0.5-degrees. Side-scan sonar data indicates that the slide is a strongly backscattering feature extending more than 110 km downslope from the shelf edge. It consists of two lobes that are separated by a diapiric high. Diapiric highs on the middle slope have blocked most of the flow. Borehole data shows that the slide deposit contains intercalated sands and contorted bedding. The slide is therefore attributed to failure of sandy deltaic material deposited close to the shelf edge during the last period of low sealevel (late Wisconsinan, circa 11-29 Ka). Core data suggests that the weakly backscattering acoustic facies adjacent to the slide are fine-grained sediments (mudturbidites and hemipelagites) of a slope mud drape. The middle slope in front of the sandy late Wisconsinan shelf-margin delta of the Rio Grande has an intermediate level of backscattering with numerous channels leading to the Sigsbee Deep. These channels are believed to be part of the northern lobe of the Rio Grande Fan. Acoustic facies mapping using long-range side-scan sonar matches well with acoustic facies mapping using 3.5-kHz high-resolution seismic profiles. Within this study area higher levels of GLORIA backscatter are returned from sea floors containing shallow sub-bottom sand than from muddy sea floors. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. RP ROTHWELL, RG (reprint author), INST OCEANOG SCI,DEACON LAB,BROOK RD,GODALMING GU8 5UB,SURREY,ENGLAND. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 298 EP 312 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EZ450 UT WOS:A1991EZ45000006 ER PT J AU BERATAN, KK NIELSON, JE AF BERATAN, KK NIELSON, JE TI THE COLORADO RIVER EXTENSIONAL CORRIDOR - AN ANALOG FOR THE EARLY STAGES OF PASSIVE MARGIN FORMATION SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 356 EP 356 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EZ450 UT WOS:A1991EZ45000021 ER PT J AU BIRD, KJ CHILDS, JR TAYLOR, DJ SORLIEN, CC AF BIRD, KJ CHILDS, JR TAYLOR, DJ SORLIEN, CC TI SEISMIC-REFLECTION STUDIES, OFFSHORE SANTA-MARIA PROVINCE, CALIFORNIA SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 357 EP 358 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EZ450 UT WOS:A1991EZ45000025 ER PT J AU COLE, RB STANLEY, RG JOHNSON, SY AF COLE, RB STANLEY, RG JOHNSON, SY TI ORIGIN OF TUFF DEPOSITS IN THE LOWER MIOCENE LOSPE FORMATION, SANTA-MARIA BASIN, CALIFORNIA SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 359 EP 360 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EZ450 UT WOS:A1991EZ45000034 ER PT J AU COOK, HE TAYLOR, ME ZHEMCHUZHNIKOV, SV APOLLONOV, MK ERGALIEV, GK SARGASKAEV, ZS AF COOK, HE TAYLOR, ME ZHEMCHUZHNIKOV, SV APOLLONOV, MK ERGALIEV, GK SARGASKAEV, ZS TI COMPARATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WESTERN UNITED-STATES AND SOUTHERN KAZAKHSTAN, SOVIET-UNION - 2 EARLY PALEOZOIC CARBONATE PASSIVE MARGINS SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. ACAD SCI KASSR,INST GEOL SCI,ALMA ATA 480021,KAZAKHSTAN,USSR. ACAD SCI USSR,INST GEOL,MOSCOW V-71,USSR. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 360 EP 360 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EZ450 UT WOS:A1991EZ45000036 ER PT J AU GRISCOM, A SAUER, PE AF GRISCOM, A SAUER, PE TI GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC MAPS OF THE SANTA-MARIA PROVINCE, CALIFORNIA SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 366 EP 366 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EZ450 UT WOS:A1991EZ45000061 ER PT J AU LILLIS, PG KING, JD AF LILLIS, PG KING, JD TI CONTROLS ON THE VARIATION OF CRUDE-OIL QUALITY, SANTA-MARIA BASIN, CALIFORNIA SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 372 EP 372 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EZ450 UT WOS:A1991EZ45000088 ER PT J AU LILLIS, PG CLARK, MS AF LILLIS, PG CLARK, MS TI CORRELATION OF SOURCE ROCKS AND OILS IN THE SESPE OIL-FIELD, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. COLORADO SCH MINES,GOLDEN,CO 80401. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 372 EP 372 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EZ450 UT WOS:A1991EZ45000087 ER PT J AU MCCRORY, PA ARENDS, RG INGLE, JC ISAACS, CM STANLEY, RG THORNTON, MLC AF MCCRORY, PA ARENDS, RG INGLE, JC ISAACS, CM STANLEY, RG THORNTON, MLC TI GEOHISTORY ANALYSIS OF THE SANTA-MARIA BASIN, CALIFORNIA, AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE CONTINENTAL-MARGIN SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNOCAL CORP,VENTURA,CA. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD,CA 94305. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 374 EP 374 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EZ450 UT WOS:A1991EZ45000097 ER PT J AU MCLEAN, H AF MCLEAN, H TI DISTRIBUTION OF DISHARMONIC EN ECHELON FOLDS IN SILICEOUS BEDS OF THE MIOCENE MONTEREY FORMATION EAST OF SAN-LUIS-OBISPO, CALIFORNIA SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 374 EP 374 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EZ450 UT WOS:A1991EZ45000098 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, RL AF PHILLIPS, RL TI DEPOSITIONAL-ENVIRONMENTS OF THE SANTA-MARGARITA FORMATION IN THE MIOCENE SANTA-MARIA BASIN, HUASNA SYNCLINE SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 377 EP 377 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EZ450 UT WOS:A1991EZ45000110 ER PT J AU ROSS, RJ JAMES, NP HINTZE, LF KETNER, KB AF ROSS, RJ JAMES, NP HINTZE, LF KETNER, KB TI EARLY MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN (WHITEROCKIAN) PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF BASIN RANGES SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 COLORADO SCH MINES,GOLDEN,CO 80401. QUEENS UNIV,KINGSTON K7L 3N6,ONTARIO,CANADA. BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,PROVO,UT 84602. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 378 EP 378 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EZ450 UT WOS:A1991EZ45000114 ER PT J AU STANLEY, RG JOHNSON, SY TUTTLE, ML MASON, MA SWISHER, CC THORNTON, MLC VORK, DR FILEWICZ, MV COLE, RB OBRADOVICH, JD AF STANLEY, RG JOHNSON, SY TUTTLE, ML MASON, MA SWISHER, CC THORNTON, MLC VORK, DR FILEWICZ, MV COLE, RB OBRADOVICH, JD TI AGE, CORRELATION, AND ORIGIN OF THE TYPE LOSPE FORMATION (LOWER MIOCENE), SANTA-MARIA BASIN, CENTRAL CALIFORNIA SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. BERKLEY GEOCHRONOL CTR,BERKELEY,CA. UNOCAL CORP,VENTURA,CA. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 382 EP 382 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EZ450 UT WOS:A1991EZ45000130 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, ME COOK, HE MELNIKOVA, L AF TAYLOR, ME COOK, HE MELNIKOVA, L TI BIOFACIES EVIDENCE FOR LATE CAMBRIAN LOW-PALEOLATITUDE OCEANS, WESTERN UNITED-STATES AND CENTRAL-ASIA SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. ACAD SCI USSR,INST PALEONTOL,MOSCOW V-71,USSR. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 383 EP 383 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EZ450 UT WOS:A1991EZ45000134 ER PT J AU TENNYSON, ME KELLER, MA FILEWICZ, MV THORNTON, MLC AF TENNYSON, ME KELLER, MA FILEWICZ, MV THORNTON, MLC TI CONTRASTS IN EARLY MIOCENE SUBSIDENCE HISTORY ACROSS OCEANIC-WEST HUASNA FAULT SYSTEM, NORTHERN SANTA-MARIA PROVINCE, CALIFORNIA SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. UNOCAL,VENTURA,CA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 383 EP 383 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EZ450 UT WOS:A1991EZ45000135 ER PT J AU TOMLINSON, AJ MURCHEY, BL AF TOMLINSON, AJ MURCHEY, BL TI LITHOTECTONIC UNITS IN THE GOLCONDA ALLOCHTHON, NEVADA SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD,CA 94305. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 383 EP 384 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EZ450 UT WOS:A1991EZ45000136 ER PT J AU OREMLAND, RS STEINBERG, NA PRESSER, TS MILLER, LG AF OREMLAND, RS STEINBERG, NA PRESSER, TS MILLER, LG TI INSITU BACTERIAL SELENATE REDUCTION IN THE AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE SYSTEMS OF WESTERN NEVADA SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID HYDRIDE GENERATION; SELENIUM; SEDIMENTS AB Dissimilatory in situ selenate reduction to elemental selenium in sediments from irrigated agricultural drainage regions of western Nevada was measured at ambient Se oxyanion concentrations. Selenate reduction was rapid, with turnover rate constants ranging from 0.04 to 1.8 h-1 at total Se concentrations in pore water of 13 to 455 nM. Estimates of removal rates of selenium oxyanions were 14, 38, and 155-mu-mol m-2 day-1 for South Lead Lake, Massie Slough, and Hunter Drain, respectively. RP OREMLAND, RS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 9 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 57 IS 2 BP 615 EP 617 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA EV647 UT WOS:A1991EV64700049 PM 2014995 ER PT J AU KLEIN, DR AF KLEIN, DR TI CARIBOU IN THE CHANGING NORTH SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON UNGULATE BEHAVIOR AND MANAGEMENT CY MAY 23-27, 1988 CL TEXAS A & M UNIV, COLLEGE STN, TX SP DALLAS ECOLOG FDN, DALLAS SAFARI CLUB, EXOT WILDLIFE ASSOC, GERALDINE R DODGE FDN, INT ANIM EXCHANGE, ROB & BESSIE WELDER WILDLIFE FDN, US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, WESLEY KYLE, TEXAS A&M UNIV, DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES SCI HO TEXAS A & M UNIV ID REINDEER AB In the 1950s, caribou (Rangifer tarandus) populations were drastically declining across northern North America. At that time, wolf (Canis lupus) predation, forest fires on winter ranges, and excessive native harvest were thought to be the primary causes of decline. In the early 1970s widespread oil and gas exploration in the Canadian and Alaskan Arctic and the discovery of a giant oil field at Prudhoe Bay again generated national and international interest in caribou and concern for their future welfare. The 1980s have witnessed expansion of most of the major caribou and wild reindeer herds throughout circumpolar areas, including the Central Arctic Herd near the Prudhoe Bay oil field. Behavioral reactions of caribou to oil development have included discontinued range use; avoidance of pipelines, roads, and other oil field structures by female caribou accompanied by calves; habituation to oil field structures and activities by adult males; delayed movements to and from insect-relief habitats; seasonal fracturing of a herd. Assessing the consequences for caribou of northern development is particularly difficult in contrast to other ungulates. The complexity of caribou ecological relations, involving traditional patterns of migratory movements, result in transitory dependence on several different ecosystems and special physiological and morphological adaptations that enable them to use a unique food resource. In addition, their complex social structure varies seasonally. RP KLEIN, DR (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA COOPERAT WILDLIFE RES UNIT,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 279 EP 291 DI 10.1016/0168-1591(91)90254-U PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA FE755 UT WOS:A1991FE75500021 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, DA AF FERGUSON, DA TI THE INTERNATIONAL-POLITICS OF FIELD PROJECTS SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON UNGULATE BEHAVIOR AND MANAGEMENT CY MAY 23-27, 1988 CL TEXAS A & M UNIV, COLLEGE STN, TX SP DALLAS ECOLOG FDN, DALLAS SAFARI CLUB, EXOT WILDLIFE ASSOC, GERALDINE R DODGE FDN, INT ANIM EXCHANGE, ROB & BESSIE WELDER WILDLIFE FDN, US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, WESLEY KYLE, TEXAS A&M UNIV, DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES SCI HO TEXAS A & M UNIV AB Ways in which research on ungulates and other wildlife species can further conservation needs in foreign countries are discussed. Special attention is given to interfacing with organizations and individuals in the host country. Examples illustrate some of the pitfalls to be guarded against as well as some of the strengths that can be built into a foreign project. A selection of governmental agencies and non-governmental groups involved with supporting or otherwise facilitating projects by United States researchers in other countries is listed. RP FERGUSON, DA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OFF INT AFFAIRS,WASHINGTON,DC 20240, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 489 EP 499 DI 10.1016/0168-1591(91)90268-3 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA FE755 UT WOS:A1991FE75500035 ER PT J AU FORD, WM HILL, EP AF FORD, WM HILL, EP TI ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN SOIL SEDIMENTS AND AQUATIC ANIMALS IN THE UPPER STEELE BAYOU WATERSHED OF MISSISSIPPI SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESIDUES AB Soil sediments from 2 depths and tissue samples from 8 species of aquatic animals were collected on or near Yazoo National Wildlife Refuge, Mississippi, and analyzed for organochlorine pesticide residues. Residues of 12 organochlorine pesticides were found in most animal samples, and 0.0 to 4.6 mg/kg of 5 compounds were detected in soil sediments. With the exception of mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), residues were similarly distributed in soil and animal samples among different watercourses within the watershed. Biomagnification of organochlorine pesticide residues was evident from soil sediments to mosquitofish, a lower secondary consumer and forage fish, to spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus), a tertiary consumer. Residues in larger secondary consumers such as carp (Cyprinus carpio) and smallmouth buffalo (Ictiobus bubalus) and tertiary consumers such as water snakes (Nerodia spp.) and cotton-mouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus) demonstrated no clear patterns of accumulation. RP FORD, WM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MISSISSIPPI COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,PO DRAWER BX,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 161 EP 167 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EW170 UT WOS:A1991EW17000002 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, TR STALLING, DL AF SCHWARTZ, TR STALLING, DL TI CHEMOMETRIC COMPARISON OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL RESIDUES AND TOXICOLOGICALLY ACTIVE POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS IN THE EGGS OF FORSTER TERNS (STERNA-FOSTERI) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOFT INDEPENDENT METHOD; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; CLASS ANALOGY; CLASSIFICATION; MIXTURES; MODELS; SIMCA AB The separation and characterization of complex mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is approached from the perspective of a problem in chemometrics. A technique for quantitative determination of PCB congeners is described as well as an enrichment technique designed to isolate only those congener residues which induce mixed aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase enzyme activity. A congener-specific procedure is utilized for the determination of PCBs in which n-alkyl trichloroacetates are used as retention index marker compounds. Retention indices are reproducible in the range of +/- 0.05 to +/- 0.07 depending on the specific congener. A laboratory data base system developed to aid in the editing and quantitation of data generated from capillary gas chromatography was employed to quantitate chromatographic data. Data base management was provided by computer programs written in VAX-DSM (Digital Standard MUMPS) for the VAX-DEC (Digital Equipment Corp.) family of computers. In the chemometric evaluation of these complex chromatographic profiles, data are viewed from a single analysis as a point in multi-dimensional space. Principal Components Analysis was used to obtain a representation of the data in a lower dimensional space. Two- and three-dimensional projections based on sample scores from the principal components models were used to visualize the behavior of Arocolor(R) mixtures. These models can be used to determine if new sample profiles may be represented by Aroclor profiles. Concentrations of individual congeners of a given chlorine substitution may be summed to form homologue concentration. However, the use of homologue concentrations in classification studies with environmental samples can lead to erroneous conclusions about sample similarity. Chemometric applications are discussed for evaluation of Aroclor mixture analysis and compositional description of environmental residues of PCBs in eggs of Forster's terns (Sterna fosteri) collected from colonies near Lake Poygan and Green Bay, Wisconsin. The application of chemometrics is extended to the comparison of: a) Aroclors and PCB-containing environmental samples; to b) fractions of Aroclors and of environmental samples that have been enriched in congeners which induce mixed aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase enzyme activity. RP SCHWARTZ, TR (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,4200 NEW HAVEN RD,COLUMBIA,MO 65201, USA. NR 47 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 183 EP 199 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EW170 UT WOS:A1991EW17000005 ER PT J AU HOFFMAN, DJ SANDERSON, CJ LECAPTAIN, LJ CROMARTIE, E PENDLETON, GW AF HOFFMAN, DJ SANDERSON, CJ LECAPTAIN, LJ CROMARTIE, E PENDLETON, GW TI INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF BORON, SELENIUM, AND DIETARY-PROTEIN ON SURVIVAL, GROWTH, AND PHYSIOLOGY IN MALLARD DUCKLINGS SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC BIRDS; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; AMERICAN KESTRELS; TISSUE; REPRODUCTION; TOXICITY; SELENOMETHIONINE; METABOLISM; PLASMA AB High concentrations of boron (B) and selenium (Se) have been found in aquatic food chains associated with irrigation drainwater. Total biomass of invertebrates, a major source of protein for wild ducklings, is sometimes diminished in agricultural drainwater ponds contaminated with Se and B. Day-old mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings received an untreated diet (controls) containing 22% protein or diets containing 15 ppm (mu-g/g) Se (as selenomethionine), 60 ppm Se, 1,000 ppm B (as boric acid), 15 ppm Se with 1,000 ppm B, or 60 ppm Se with 1,000 ppm B. In a concurrent experiment, the above sequence was repeated with a protein-restricted (7%) but isocaloric diet. After four weeks, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histological examination. With 22% protein and 60 ppm Se in the diet, duckling survival and growth was reduced and histopathological lesions of the liver occurred. Boron alone caused some reduction in growth. Several interactive effects occurred between B and Se, including further reduction in growth, and increases in plasma glutathione reductase activity, hematocrit, hemoglobin and plasma protein concentrations. With 7% protein, the growth of controls was less than that with 22% protein, 60 ppm Se caused 100% mortality, and growth effects of 15 ppm Se and 1,000 ppm B alone were more pronounced than with 22% protein. Selenium accumulation increased in the liver with 7% protein. Interactive effects were greater for Se and B with 7% protein than with 22% protein and included significant mortality and enhanced accumulation of Se in the liver. These findings suggest the potential for more severe toxicological effects of Se and B independently and interactively on duckling survival and development when dietary protein is diminished. RP HOFFMAN, DJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 288 EP 294 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EW170 UT WOS:A1991EW17000020 PM 2015005 ER PT J AU YELIN, TS PATTON, HJ AF YELIN, TS PATTON, HJ TI SEISMOTECTONICS OF THE PORTLAND, OREGON, REGION SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WAVES; EARTHQUAKE; WASHINGTON; RANGE; ZONE; ATTENUATION; SCALE; BASIN AB Portland, Oregon, lies in the southern half of an approximately rectangular basin measuring 30 by 50 km. Since 1969, there have been no earthquakes with M greater-than-or-equal-to 4.0 in or on the margins of the Portland basin, but this level of seismicity may not be characteristic of the region. Using microseismicity data collected by the University of Washington regional short-period seismograph network for the period mid-1982 through 1989, we have determined P-wave focal mechanisms for four individual earthquakes and three groups of earthquakes. We have also relocated the 6 November 1962, M(w) = 5.2 Portland earthquake and analyzed regional surface-wave recordings of this event, using the seismic moment-tensor inversion technique. The results of these seismic analyses, along with geologic and other geophysical data, are integrated into a seismotectonic model of the Portland basin. The P-wave mechanisms are compatible with dextral strike-slip motion along approximately NW-striking fault zones bounding the eastern and western margins of the basin. We speculate that there is a dextral strike-slip fault zone, which we call the Frontal Fault Zone, along the eastern margin of the Portland basin. The western margin has been previously recognized as a zone of dextral strike-slip faulting, known as the Portland Hills Fault Zone. The epicenter of the 1962 earthquake is located between the two fault zones and lies approximately 15 km NE of downtown Portland. Our preferred mechanism is normal faulting on NE- or NNE-trending fault planes. These results support the hypothesis posed by previous investigators that the Portland basin is a pull-apart basin and are evidence for contemporary crustal extension between the Frontal and Portland Hills fault zones. C1 UNIV CALIF LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RP UNIV WASHINGTON, US GEOL SURVEY, GEOPHYS PROGRAM AK-50, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 81 IS 1 BP 109 EP 130 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EY811 UT WOS:A1991EY81100006 ER PT J AU MOORE, JN LUOMA, SN PETERS, D AF MOORE, JN LUOMA, SN PETERS, D TI DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS OF MINE EFFLUENT ON AN INTERMONTANE RIPARIAN SYSTEM SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; HEAVY-METALS; CADMIUM; SEDIMENTS; POLLUTION; DRAINAGE; GROWTH; LEAD; ZINC; ZN AB Metal concentrations were determined in benthic biota, fish livers, water, and fine-grained sediment through 215 km of an intermontane river system (Blackfoot River, Montana, USA) affected by headwater inputs of acid-mine effluent. Solute and particulate contaminants decreased rapidly downstream from headwater sources, but some extended through an extensive marsh system. Particulate contaminants penetrated through the marsh system, effectively resulting in food web contamination downstream of the marshes. Metals differed in their bioavailability within and below the marsh system. Cadmium was most consistently accumulated in the food web, and the general order of downstream mobilization of bioavailable metals appears to be Cd, Zn > Cu > As, Ni. Depauperate benthic communities and reduced fish populations occurred coincident with the sediment contamination. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCE,MENLO PK,CA 94025. MONTANA DEPT FISH WILDLIFE & PARKS,MISSOULA,MT 59801. RP MOORE, JN (reprint author), UNIV MONTANA,DEPT GEOL,MISSOULA,MT 59812, USA. NR 36 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 18 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 48 IS 2 BP 222 EP 232 DI 10.1139/f91-030 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EX296 UT WOS:A1991EX29600009 ER PT J AU DORAZIO, RM RAGO, PJ AF DORAZIO, RM RAGO, PJ TI EVALUATION OF A MARK RECAPTURE METHOD FOR ESTIMATING MORTALITY AND MIGRATION RATES OF STRATIFIED POPULATIONS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB We simulated mark-recapture experiments to evaluate a method for estimating fishing mortality and migration rates of populations stratified at release and recovery. When fish released in two or more strata were recovered from different recapture strata in nearly the same proportions, conditional recapture probabilities were estimated outside the [0, 1] interval. The maximum likelihood estimates tended to be biased and imprecise when the patterns of recaptures produced extremely "flat" likelihood surfaces. Absence of bias was not guaranteed, however, in experiments where recapture rates could be estimated within the [0, 1] interval. Inadequate numbers of tag releases and recoveries also produced biased estimates, although the bias was easily detected by the high sampling variability of the estimates. A stratified tag-recapture experiment with sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) was used to demonstrate procedures for analyzing data that produce biased estimates of recapture probabilities. An estimator was derived to examine the sensitivity of recapture rate estimates to assumed differences in natural and tagging mortality, tag loss, and incomplete reporting of tag recoveries. RP DORAZIO, RM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,BOX 700,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 48 IS 2 BP 254 EP 260 DI 10.1139/f91-035 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EX296 UT WOS:A1991EX29600014 ER PT J AU PIEROTTI, R ANNETT, CA AF PIEROTTI, R ANNETT, CA TI DIET CHOICE IN THE HERRING GULL - CONSTRAINTS IMPOSED BY REPRODUCTIVE AND ECOLOGICAL FACTORS SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BREEDING BIOLOGY; CONSTRAINTS; DIET CHOICE; GULL; HABITAT SELECTION; LARUS-ARGENTATUS; NEWFOUNDLAND; NUTRITION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS ID GREAT-ISLAND; EGG SIZE; SPECIALIZATION; OPTIMIZATION; NEWFOUNDLAND; PREFERENCE; HERBIVORE; BEHAVIOR; SUCCESS AB Studies of diet choice in carnivorous animals typically concentrate on maximizing rates of energy intake, and rarely emphasize either constraints on choice or alternate currencies. We examined diet choice in a generalist carnivore, the Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, in relation to both nesting habitat and reproductive performance over a 2-yr period. During prelaying and incubation periods 75-80% of Herring Gulls specialized on either intertidal organisms, human refuse, or other seabirds, while only 20-25% had generalized diets. Specific types of specialists tended to nest in particular habitats. Foraging tactics associated with each of the three diets were related to time budgets and ecological constraints, i.e., levels of predation or intraspecific competition in specific habitats. Variation in diet choice was also strongly related to individual breeding performance. Intertidal specialists laid eggs earlier, produced larger and heavier clutches, and had higher rates of hatching than generalists and other specialists. This pattern held true over both years of the study even though weather conditions, and food accessibility, differed between years. Despite differences in performance related to laying and hatching, there were no significant differences in fledging rates, either between years or among diets. These results suggest that (a) choice of nesting habitat may constrain diet choice, (b) diet choice may have major effects on breeding performance, and (c) energy may not be the proper currency for examining diet choice in carnivores subject to a variety of constraints. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT BIOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. RP PIEROTTI, R (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT ZOOL,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ARKANSAS COOPERAT RES UNIT,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 39 TC 110 Z9 112 U1 7 U2 44 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 1991 VL 72 IS 1 BP 319 EP 328 DI 10.2307/1938925 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EU723 UT WOS:A1991EU72300031 ER PT J AU MASON, WT AF MASON, WT TI A SURVEY OF BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES IN THE SUWANNEE RIVER, FLORIDA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article AB Benthic invertebrate communities were surveyed in a 233 km reach of the middle and lower Suwannee River in Northwestern Florida in the winter 1987 and early summer 1988 to determine their abundance and distribution as potential foods of the Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrhynchus desotoi, and to determine the effects of possible natural and human-induced disturbances to the communities. In substrates of the tidal oligohaline to mesohaline lower reach of the East Pass site I (km 2) and site II West Pass (km 5) near the Gulf of Mexico, densities of tube dwelling and free swimming amphipods, polychaetes, oligochaetes, and dipterans in the PONAR grabs were moderate (100-999 xbar individuals/m2) to abundant (1000-9999 xbar individuals m-2). Also, at sites I and II, low (10-99 xbar individuals m-2) to moderate densities of dipteran Chironomidae and olive nerite snail were collected in hardboard multiplate artificial substrate samplers. Diversities of benthic invertebrates in both grabs and hardboard multiplates were relatively low. Baetid mayflies were moderately abundant in the dip net samples. Upriver from sites I and II, the transition of an oligohaline tolerant benthic community to a freshwater one was abrupt due to strong freshwater flow. At sites III (km 48) and IV (km 89), benthic invertebrate populations were low to moderate in hardboard multiplate and dip net samples. In the middle reach (km 101 to km 233), aquatic insects were predominant and included; chironomids, mayflies, and beetles, and also, freshwater gammarid amphipods, gastropods, and the Asian clam. In winter, the bottom substrates at sites VII (km 153) and VIII (km 205) contained diverse and dense populations of Chironomidae (5932 m-2),- the greatest density for a major taxonomic group recorded in this survey. Crayfish were collected in low densities only in artificial substrate samplers from sites IV to IX. Leeches were widespread in the study area. Empirical Biotic Index values that reflect impacts of organic wastes on benthic invertebrate communities were within a narrow range, 3.16 to 6.38, and indicated 'slightly enriched' to 'enriched' water. Of the total 186 benthic invertebrate taxa, 82% had quality values 0 to 5 that indicate overall 'clean water' conditions. The predominant benthic invertebrates in the Suwannee River were detritivorous and the communities reflected oligotrophic to mesotrophic waters. RP MASON, WT (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,7920 NW 71ST ST,GAINESVILLE,FL 32606, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 16 IS 2 BP 163 EP 187 DI 10.1007/BF00418103 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP589 UT WOS:A1991EP58900006 PM 24241891 ER PT J AU LEHMAN, N EISENHAWER, A HANSEN, K MECH, LD PETERSON, RO GOGAN, PJP WAYNE, RK AF LEHMAN, N EISENHAWER, A HANSEN, K MECH, LD PETERSON, RO GOGAN, PJP WAYNE, RK TI INTROGRESSION OF COYOTE MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA INTO SYMPATRIC NORTH-AMERICAN GRAY WOLF POPULATIONS SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES; GENETIC-VARIATION; HYBRIDIZATION; GENEALOGY; BEHAVIOR; ONTARIO; WOLVES; CANIS; DEER AB Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genotypes of gray wolves and coyotes from localities throughout North America were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Of the 13 genotypes found among the wolves, 7 are clearly of coyote origin, indicating that genetic transfer of coyote mtDNA into wolf populations has occurred through hybridization. The transfer of mtDNA appears unidirectional from coyotes into wolves because no coyotes sampled have a wolf-derived mtDNA genotype. Wolves possessing coyote-derived genotypes are confined to a contiguous geographic region in Minnesota, Ontario, and Quebec, and the frequency of coyote-type mtDNA in these wolf populations is high ( > 50%). The ecological history of the hybrid zone suggests that hybridization is taking place in regions where coyotes have only recently become abundant following conversion of forests to farmlands. Dispersing male wolves unable to find conspecific mates may be pairing with female coyotes in deforested areas bordering wolf territories. Our results demonstrate that closely related species of mobile terrestrial vertebrates have the potential for extensive genetic exchange when ecological conditions change suddenly. C1 UNIV ALBERTA, DEPT ZOOL, EDMONTON T6G 2E9, ALBERTA, CANADA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR, LAUREL, MD 20702 USA. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV, SCH FORESTRY & WOOD PROD, HOUGHTON, MI 49931 USA. VOYAGEURS NATL PK, INT FALLS, MN 56649 USA. RP LEHMAN, N (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, DEPT BIOL, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. RI Lehman, Niles/A-3434-2008 NR 55 TC 230 Z9 237 U1 5 U2 46 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD FEB PY 1991 VL 45 IS 1 BP 104 EP 119 DI 10.2307/2409486 PG 16 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA FF292 UT WOS:A1991FF29200010 ER PT J AU LATOURRETTE, TZ BURNETT, DS BACON, CR AF LATOURRETTE, TZ BURNETT, DS BACON, CR TI URANIUM AND MINOR-ELEMENT PARTITIONING IN FE-TI OXIDES AND ZIRCON FROM PARTIALLY MELTED GRANODIORITE, CRATER LAKE, OREGON SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SILICA RHYOLITES; RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; TH-230-U-238 DISEQUILIBRIUM SYSTEMATICS; CALCALKALINE MAGMA CHAMBER; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MOUNT-MAZAMA; DECAY SERIES; COEFFICIENTS; VOLCANO; EVOLUTION AB Crystal-liquid partitioning in Fe-Ti oxides and zircon was studied in partially melted granodiorite blocks ejected during the climactic eruption of Mt. Mazama (Crater Lake), Oregon. The blocks, which contain up to 33% rhyolite glass (75 wt% SiO2), are interpreted to be portions of the magma chamber walls that were torn off during eruption. The glass is clear and well homogenized for all measured elements except Zr. Results for Fe-Ti oxides give D(U)oxide/liq almost-equal-to 0.1. Partitioning of Mg, Mn, Al, Si, V, and Cr in Fe-Ti oxides indicates that grains surrounded by glass are moderately well equilibrated with the melt for many of the minor elements, while those that are inclusions in relict plagioclase are not. Uranium and ytterbium inhomogeneities in zircons indicate that the zircons have only partially equilibrated with the melt and that uranium appears to have been diffusing out of the zircons faster than the zircons were dissolving. Minimum U, Y, and P concentrations in zircons give maximum D(U)zrc/liq = 13, D(Y)zrc/liq = 23, and D(P)zrc/liq = 1, but these are considerably lower than reported by other workers for U and Y. Based on our measurements and given their low abundances in most rocks, Fe-Ti oxides probably do not play a major role in U-Th fractionation during partial melting. The partial melts were undersaturated with zircon and apatite, but both phases are present in our samples. This demonstrates an actual case of non-equilibrium source retention of accessory phases, which in general could be an important trace-element fractionation mechanism. Our results do not support the hypothesis that liquid structure is the dominant factor controlling trace-element partitioning in high-silica rhyolites. Rough calculations based on Zr gradients in the glass indicate that the samples could have been partially molten for 800 to 8000 years. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP LATOURRETTE, TZ (reprint author), CALTECH,DIV GEOL & PLANETARY SCI,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. NR 57 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB PY 1991 VL 55 IS 2 BP 457 EP 469 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EY119 UT WOS:A1991EY11900004 ER PT J AU BISCHOFF, JL FITZPATRICK, JA AF BISCHOFF, JL FITZPATRICK, JA TI U-SERIES DATING OF IMPURE CARBONATES - AN ISOCHRON TECHNIQUE USING TOTAL-SAMPLE DISSOLUTION SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SPAIN; AGE; CALIFORNIA; BASIN; KA AB U-series dating is a well-established technique for age determination of Late Quaternary carbonates. Materials of sufficient purity for nominal dating, however, are not as common as materials with mechanically inseparable aluminosilicate detritus. Detritus contaminates the sample with extraneous Th. We propose that correction for contamination is best accomplished with the isochron technique using total sample dissolution (TSD). Experiments were conducted on artificial mixtures of natural detritus and carbonate and on an impure carbonate of known age. Results show that significant and unpredictable transfer of radionuclides occur from the detritus to the leachate in commonly used selective leaching procedures. The effects of correcting via leachate-residue pairs and isochron plots were assessed. Isochrons using TSD gave best results, followed by isochron plots of leachates only. RP BISCHOFF, JL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 24 TC 154 Z9 159 U1 0 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB PY 1991 VL 55 IS 2 BP 543 EP 554 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90011-S PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EY119 UT WOS:A1991EY11900011 ER PT J AU FITTERMAN, DV MENGES, CM ALKAMALI, AM JAMA, FE AF FITTERMAN, DV MENGES, CM ALKAMALI, AM JAMA, FE TI ELECTROMAGNETIC MAPPING OF BURIED PALEOCHANNELS IN EASTERN ABU-DHABI EMIRATE, UAE SO GEOEXPLORATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICS TO WATER PROSPECTING IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID AREAS CY AUG 22-24, 1990 CL UNIV LAUSANNE, INST GEOPHYS, LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SP UNESCO HO UNIV LAUSANNE, INST GEOPHYS ID GROUNDWATER EXPLORATION; RESISTIVITY AB Transient electromagnetic soundings and terrain conductivity meter measurements were used to map paleochannel geometry in the Al Jaww Plain of eastern Abu Dhabi Emirate, U.A.E. as part of an integrated hydrogeologic study of the Quaternary alluvial aquifer system. Initial interpretation of the data without benefit of well log information was able to map the depth to a conductive clay layer of Tertiary age that forms the base of the aquifer. Comparison of the results with induction logs reveals that a resistive zone exists that was incorporated into the interpretation and its lateral extent mapped with the transient electromagnetic sounding data. C1 NATL DRILLING CO,AL AIN,U ARAB EMIRATES. RP FITTERMAN, DV (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MS 964,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7142 J9 GEOEXPLORATION PD FEB PY 1991 VL 27 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 133 DI 10.1016/0016-7142(91)90018-8 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FB272 UT WOS:A1991FB27200010 ER PT J AU WOODWARD, D MENGES, CM AF WOODWARD, D MENGES, CM TI APPLICATION OF UPHOLE DATA FROM PETROLEUM SEISMIC SURVEYS TO GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATIONS, ABU-DHABI (UNITED-ARAB-EMIRATES) SO GEOEXPLORATION LA English DT Article ID OMAN AB Velocity data from uphole surveys were used to map the water table and the contact at the base dune sand/top alluvium as part of a joint National Drilling Company-United States Geological Survey Ground Water Research Project in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. During 1981-1983, a reconnaissance seismic survey was conducted for petroleum exploration in the eastern region of Abu Dhabi. Approximately 2800 kilometers of seismic data, consisting of 92 lines, were acquired in the 2500 km2 concession area near Al Ain. Uphole surveys were conducted about 2 km apart along each seismic line, and were used to calculate weathering corrections required to further process in the seismic data. Approximately 1300 uphole surveys were completed in the concession area between March 1981 and June 1983. Reinterpretation of the velocity profiles derived from the uphole surveys provided data for determining the following subsurface layers, listed in descending order: (1) a surficial, unconsolidated weathering layer with a velocity from 300 to 450 m/s; (2) surficial dune sand, from 750 to 900 m/s; (3) unsaturated, unconsolidated alluvium, from 1000 to 1300 m/s; and (4) saturated, unconsolidated alluvium, from 1900 to 2200 m/s. Two interfaces - the water table and the base dune sand/top alluvium - were identified and mapped from boundaries between these velocity layers. Although the regional water table can fluctuate naturally as much as 3 m per year in this area and the water-table determinations from the uphole data span a 27-month period, an extremely consistent and interpretable water-table map was derived from the uphole data throughout the entire concession area. In the northern part of the area, unconfined groundwater moves northward and northwestward toward the Arabian Gulf; and in the central and southern parts of the area, groundwater moves westward away from the Oman Mountains. In the extreme southern area east of Jabal Hafit, groundwater moves southward into Oman. The map of the base dune sand/top alluvium suggests a buried placeo-drainage network trending westward to southwestward away from the Oman Mountains. These placeo-drainages, now buried by dune sand, probably contain alluvial fill and are logical targets for groundwater exploration. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,AL AIN,U ARAB EMIRATES. RP WOODWARD, D (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,TACOMA,WA 98402, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7142 J9 GEOEXPLORATION PD FEB PY 1991 VL 27 IS 1-2 BP 193 EP 212 DI 10.1016/0016-7142(91)90022-5 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FB272 UT WOS:A1991FB27200014 ER PT J AU CARLSON, CA AF CARLSON, CA TI SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION OF ORE-DEPOSITS SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Conventional spatial distributions, such as the negative binomial and Neyman-Scott, have been proposed as models for the lustered distribution of ore deposits. B.B. Mandelbrot has proposed that ore deposits are clustered at many different scales and that fractal distributions are appropriate. The apparent fractal characteristics of geologic controls on the locations of hydrothermal deposits (self-similar systems of fractures, circulation cells, and magmatic intrusions) support his proposal. Examination of the spatial distribution of 4775 hydrothermal precious-metal deposits in the Basin and Range, western United States, reveals fractal distributions acting within two scale ranges, together covering the entire range from 1 to 1000 km. This result gives additional credibility to concepts of regional controls on mineralization, such as metallogenic provinces and tectonostratigraphic terranes. The distribution of these ore deposits about a known occurrence follows a regular radial-density law. Within a range of radii (r) of 1 to 15 km, the probability-density function of these deposits is given by d = 0.46 r-1.17, and within a range of radii of 15 to 1000 km, by d = 0.08 r-0.83, where d is deposits per square kilometre. RP CARLSON, CA (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,US GEOL SURVEY,GOULD SIMPSON BLDG,ROOM 406,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 16 TC 69 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 1991 VL 19 IS 2 BP 111 EP 114 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0111:SDOOD>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA EV835 UT WOS:A1991EV83500004 ER PT J AU LIDZ, BH HINE, AC SHINN, EA KINDINGER, JL AF LIDZ, BH HINE, AC SHINN, EA KINDINGER, JL TI MULTIPLE OUTER-REEF TRACTS ALONG THE SOUTH FLORIDA BANK MARGIN - OUTLIER REEFS, A NEW WINDWARD-MARGIN MODEL SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BAHAMA BANK; CARBONATE AB High-resolution seismic-reflection profiles off the lower Florida Keys reveal a multiple outlier-reef tract system approximately 0.5 to 1.5 km seaward of the bank margin. The system is characterized by a massive, outer main reef tract of high (28 m) unburied relief that parallels the margin and at least two narrower, discontinuous reef tracts of lower relief between the main tract and the shallow bank-margin reefs. The outer tract is approximately 0.5 to 1 km wide and extends a distance of approximately 57 km. A single pass divides the outer tract into two main reefs. The outlier reefs developed on antecedent, low-gradient to horizontal offbank surfaces, interpreted to be Pleistocene beaches that formed terracelike features. Radiocarbon dates of a coral core from the outer tract confirm a pre-Holocene age. These multiple outlier reefs represent a new windward-margin model that presents a significant, unique mechanism for progradation of carbonate platforms during periods of sealevel fluctuation. Infilling of the back-reef terrace basins would create new terraced promontories and would extend or "step" the platform seaward for hundreds of metres. Subsequent outlier-reef development would produce laterally accumulating sequences. C1 UNIV S FLORIDA,DEPT MARINE SCI,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701. RP LIDZ, BH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,CTR COASTAL GEOL,600 4TH ST S,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701, USA. NR 29 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 1991 VL 19 IS 2 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0115:MORTAT>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA EV835 UT WOS:A1991EV83500005 ER PT J AU LUDWIG, KR SZABO, BJ MOORE, JG SIMMONS, KR AF LUDWIG, KR SZABO, BJ MOORE, JG SIMMONS, KR TI CRUSTAL SUBSIDENCE RATE OFF HAWAII DETERMINED FROM U-234/U-238 AGES OF DROWNED CORAL REEFS SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URANIUM AB A series of submerged coral reefs off northwestern Hawaii was formed during (largely glacial) intervals when the rate of local sea-level rise was less than the maximum upward growth rate of the reefs. Mass-spectrometric U-234/U-238 ages for samples from six such reefs range from 17 to 475 ka and indicate that this part of the Hawaiian Ridge has been subsiding at a roughly uniform rate of 2.6 mm/yr for the past 475 ka. The U-234/U-238 ages are in general agreement with model ages of reef drowning (based on estimates of paleo-sea-level stands derived from oxygen-isotope ratios of deep-sea sediments), but there are disagreements in detail. The high attainable precision (+/- 10 ka or better on samples younger than approximately 800 ka), large applicable age range, relative robustness against open-system behavior, and ease of analysis for this technique hold great promise for future applications of dating of 50-1000 ka coral. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. RP US GEOL SURVEY, POB 25046, LAKEWOOD, CO 80225 USA. NR 15 TC 104 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 1991 VL 19 IS 2 BP 171 EP 174 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0171:CSROHD>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA EV835 UT WOS:A1991EV83500019 ER PT J AU HOLBROOK, WS CATCHINGS, RD JARCHOW, CM AF HOLBROOK, WS CATCHINGS, RD JARCHOW, CM TI ORIGIN OF DEEP CRUSTAL REFLECTIONS - IMPLICATIONS OF COINCIDENT SEISMIC REFRACTION AND REFLECTION DATA IN NEVADA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; BLACK-FOREST; GREAT-BASIN; FAULT ZONES; GERMANY; MODELS; DEPTH AB We compare seismic refraction and reflection results along the PASSCAL/COCORP 40-degrees-N transect in the northern Basin and Range of Nevada in order to determine the origin of the prominent reflections from the deep crystalline crust. Reflection data along the transect show a thick zone of discontinuous, subhorizontal reflections, beginning at 4-6 s two-way traveltime (10-20 km depth) and ending at 9-11 s (27-35 km). Two independently derived velocity models, based on refraction data, are largely similar and agree on many important aspects of the reflectivity-velocity relation. Both models show that the top of the reflective zone lies 3-8 km above a prominent mid-crustal velocity discontinuity, which is interpreted to separate bulk silicic from bulk dioritic-gabbroic crust; in most places, the silicic mid-crust is more strongly reflective than the mafic lower crust. This pattern is expected in areas where ductile shearing is the mechanism responsible for the reflectivity. One of the velocity models, however, suggests that, in places, the strongest reflectivity spans both the middle (6.1 -6.3 km/s) and lower (6.6 km/s) crust; this pattern suggests that the combined influence of ductile strain fabrics and mafic intrusions gives rise to crustal reflections. Both model show that the lowermost crust and crust/mantle transition are highly reflective, also suggesting the presence of mafic and/or ultramafic intrusions. Thus the observed reflection patterns suggest that ductile shearing and the intrusion of mantle-derived magma-both of which are likely to have accompanied the extreme Cenozoic extension-are important factors in generating deep crustal reflections. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. STANFORD UNIV, DEPT GEOPHYS, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. RP WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA. RI Holbrook, W. Steven/G-9800-2011 OI Holbrook, W. Steven/0000-0003-0065-8841 NR 33 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 1991 VL 19 IS 2 BP 175 EP 179 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0175:OODCRI>2.3.CO;2 PG 5 WC Geology SC Geology GA EV835 UT WOS:A1991EV83500020 ER PT J AU LYONS, PC AF LYONS, PC TI HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION IN ANTHRACITE FROM EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA - IMPLICATIONS FOR MECHANISMS OF ANTHRACITE FORMATION - COMMENT SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP LYONS, PC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,MS 956,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 1991 VL 19 IS 2 BP 188 EP & DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0188:CAROHA>2.3.CO;2 PG 0 WC Geology SC Geology GA EV835 UT WOS:A1991EV83500024 ER PT J AU DANIELS, EJ ALTANER, SP MARSHAK, S EGGLESTON, JR AF DANIELS, EJ ALTANER, SP MARSHAK, S EGGLESTON, JR TI HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION IN ANTHRACITE FROM EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA - IMPLICATIONS FOR MECHANISMS OF ANTHRACITE FORMATION - REPLY SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. RP DANIELS, EJ (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT GEOL,1301 W GREEN ST,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 1991 VL 19 IS 2 BP 189 EP 189 PG 1 WC Geology SC Geology GA EV835 UT WOS:A1991EV83500025 ER PT J AU LEACH, DL ROWAN, EL AF LEACH, DL ROWAN, EL TI FOCUSED FLUID-FLOW AND OZARK MISSISSIPPI VALLEY-TYPE DEPOSITS - COMMENT SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID GENESIS; MISSOURI; BASIN RP LEACH, DL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 973,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 1991 VL 19 IS 2 BP 190 EP & DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0190:CAROFF>2.3.CO;2 PG 0 WC Geology SC Geology GA EV835 UT WOS:A1991EV83500026 ER PT J AU SCHIMSCHAL, U AF SCHIMSCHAL, U TI INTEGRATED EXPLORATION FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES IN THE HONEY LAKE BASIN, CALIFORNIA SO GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING LA English DT Article AB An integrated exploration study is presented to locate low-temperature geothermal reservoirs in the Honey Lake area of northern California. Regional studies to locate the geothermal resources included gravity, infra-red, water-temperature, and water-quality analyses. Five anomalies were mapped from resistivity surveys. Additional study of three anomalies by temperature-gradient and seismic methods was undertaken to define structure and potential of the geothermal resource. The gravity data show a graben structure in the area. Seismic reflection data indicate faults associated with surface-resistivity and temperature-gradient data. The data support the interpretation that the shallow reservoirs are replenished along the fault zones by deeply circulating heated meteoric waters. RP SCHIMSCHAL, U (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,POB 25046,MS 964,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0016-8025 J9 GEOPHYS PROSPECT JI Geophys. Prospect. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 279 EP 291 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2478.1991.tb00313.x PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EY117 UT WOS:A1991EY11700008 ER PT J AU MORROW, CA BYERLEE, JD AF MORROW, CA BYERLEE, JD TI A NOTE ON THE FRICTIONAL STRENGTH OF LAUMONTITE FROM CAJON-PASS, CALIFORNIA SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; GOUGE; PERMEABILITY; SYSTEM; STRESS AB Laumontite mineralization is pervasive in joints and shear zones encountered in the Cajon Pass drillhole in southern California. In order to determine whether a gouge composed of this hydrated mineral affects shear strength in a manner similar to low-strength, clay-rich fault gouges, frictional sliding experiments were performed under dry, saturated and high pore pressure conditions at effective pressures up to 450 MPa. Coefficients of friction ranged between 0.66 and 0.84, consistent with most crustal rocks and well above the values typical of clay-rich San Andreas fault gouges. Saturation state had no effect on strength or sliding stability. These results suggest that the presence of laumontite in shear zones at Cajon Pass will not affect the shear strength of the rock in a way that can account for the inferred low ambient shear stresses. RP MORROW, CA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 18 IS 2 BP 211 EP 214 DI 10.1029/91GL00209 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EY529 UT WOS:A1991EY52900024 ER PT J AU MOLNIA, BF AF MOLNIA, BF TI THE ANTARCTIC PROTECTION ACT OF 1990 SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article RP MOLNIA, BF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD FEB PY 1991 VL 36 IS 2 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EZ384 UT WOS:A1991EZ38400007 ER PT J AU MILLER, WR AF MILLER, WR TI EXPLORATION GEOCHEMISTRY SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article RP MILLER, WR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MS 973,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD FEB PY 1991 VL 36 IS 2 BP 20 EP 21 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EZ384 UT WOS:A1991EZ38400014 ER PT J AU MOLNIA, BF AF MOLNIA, BF TI POLAR STUDIES AND GLACIOLOGY SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article RP MOLNIA, BF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,OFF INT GEOL,917 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD FEB PY 1991 VL 36 IS 2 BP 39 EP 41 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EZ384 UT WOS:A1991EZ38400032 ER PT J AU ROSENSHEIN, JS MOORE, JE WOOD, WW AF ROSENSHEIN, JS MOORE, JE WOOD, WW TI HYDROGEOLOGY SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article RP ROSENSHEIN, JS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,414 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD FEB PY 1991 VL 36 IS 2 BP 51 EP 52 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EZ384 UT WOS:A1991EZ38400041 ER PT J AU GARMAN, GC MORING, JR AF GARMAN, GC MORING, JR TI INITIAL EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION ON PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A BOREAL RIVER SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE DEFORESTATION; STREAMS; RIVERS; DISTURBANCE; AQUATIC ECOLOGY ID STREAM ECOSYSTEMS; ROAD CONSTRUCTION; DEBRIS DAMS; TEMPERATURE; SIZE; MACROINVERTEBRATES; DETRITUS; SEDIMENT; OREGON; FLOW AB Physical characteristics of the Piscataquis River, a fourth-order river in Maine, USA, were studied for one year prior to and one year following clearcut deforestation of the spruce-fir watershed. Results suggest that even the most careful, and apparently innocuous, timber harvest operation may alter the physical character of a river system. Significant changes in several factors, including thermal regime, benthic organic matter, substrate composition and suspended particulate matter were observed after logging. Changes were largely consistent with results of studies of smaller streams in deciduous forests, and with predictions of the River Continuum Concept. Post-logging conditions should favor a shift from heterotrophy to autotrophy in the trophic structure of the river community. C1 UNIV MAINE,DEPT ZOOL,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MAINE COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,ORONO,ME 04469. RP GARMAN, GC (reprint author), VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,DEPT BIOL,RICHMOND,VA 23284, USA. NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 18 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD FEB 1 PY 1991 VL 209 IS 1 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1007/BF00006715 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EX752 UT WOS:A1991EX75200004 ER PT J AU CALVIN, WM CLARK, RN AF CALVIN, WM CLARK, RN TI MODELING THE REFLECTANCE SPECTRUM OF CALLISTO 0.25 TO 4.1 MU-M SO ICARUS LA English DT Article ID GALILEAN SATELLITES; COMPOSITIONAL IMPLICATIONS; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; SPECTROSCOPY; ICE; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; PHYLLOSILICATES; ULTRAVIOLET; MINERALS C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP CALVIN, WM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,GEOPHYS BRANCH MS 964,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 33 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 1991 VL 89 IS 2 BP 305 EP 317 DI 10.1016/0019-1035(91)90180-2 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EX586 UT WOS:A1991EX58600007 ER PT J AU WILSON, DE BOCAN, MA BROWNELL, RL BURDIN, AM MAMINOV, MK AF WILSON, DE BOCAN, MA BROWNELL, RL BURDIN, AM MAMINOV, MK TI GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION IN SEA OTTERS, ENHYDRA-LUTRIS SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article AB Univariate and multivariate analyses of 20 skull characters of 304 adult sea otters from throughout the geographic range strongly suggest that three subspecies should be recognized. The nominate form, Enhydra lutris lutris, occurs from the Kuril Islands north to the Commander Islands in the western Pacific Ocean. Individuals of E. l. lutris are characterized by large size and wide skulls with short nasal bones. E. l. nereis is found along the California coast and off San Nicolas Island, where the species recently has been reintroduced from coastal California. Specimens of E. l. nereis have narrow skulls with a long rostrum and small teeth, and usually lack the characteristic notch in the postorbital region found in most specimens of the other two subspecies. A new subspecies described by Don E. Wilson in this report, occurs throughout the Aleutian Islands and southward in the eastern Pacific to Washington. Specimens of the new subspecies are intermediate in size in most, but not all, characters and have longer mandibles than either of the other two subspecies. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80525. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,SAN SIMEON,CA 93542. PACIFIC FISHERIES & OCEANOG RES INST,PETROPAVLOVSK KAMC,USSR. PACIFIC FISHERIES & OCEANOG RES INST,VLADIVOSTOK,USSR. RP WILSON, DE (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM HIST & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 72 IS 1 BP 22 EP 36 DI 10.2307/1381977 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EY283 UT WOS:A1991EY28300003 ER PT J AU MECH, LD NELSON, ME MCROBERTS, RE AF MECH, LD NELSON, ME MCROBERTS, RE TI EFFECTS OF MATERNAL AND GRANDMATERNAL NUTRITION ON DEER MASS AND VULNERABILITY TO WOLF PREDATION SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; DIETARY-PROTEIN RESTRICTION; SUPERIOR NATIONAL FOREST; GENERATION F2 ALTERATION; DNA CELL NUMBER; NEW-YORK; PERFORMANCE; POPULATION; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL AB In a Minnesota ecosystem, mass of female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns and adults, and survival of adult females in the face of wolf (Canis lupus) predation, were directly related to maternal nutrition during gestation. Mass of single male fawns produced by 2-year-old females, and survival of yearlings to 2 years of age were related directly to the nutrition of their grandmothers. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP MECH, LD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 48 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 72 IS 1 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.2307/1381989 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EY283 UT WOS:A1991EY28300015 ER PT J AU CLOERN, JE AF CLOERN, JE TI TIDAL STIRRING AND PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM DYNAMICS IN AN ESTUARY SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; NORTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS; SPRING BLOOM; PRODUCTIVITY; BIOMASS; SALINITY; USA; STRATIFICATION AB A decade of observation in South San Francisco Bay demonstrates that estuarine phytoplankton biomass fluctuates at the time scale of days to weeks, and that much of this variability is associated with fluctuations in tidal energy. During the spring seasons of every year from 1980-1990, episodic blooms occurred in which phytoplankton biomass rose from a baseline of 2-4 mg chlorophyll a m-3, peaked at 20-40 mg chlorophyll a m-3, and then returned to baseline values, all within several weeks. Each episode of biomass increase occurred during neap tides, and each bloom decline coincided with spring tides. This suggests that daily variations in the rate of vertical mixing by tidal stirring might control phytoplankton bloom dynamics in some estuaries. Simulation experiments with a numerical model of phytoplankton population dynamics support this hypothesis. The model incorporates biological processes (light-dependent growth, zooplankton grazing, benthic grazing) and physical processes (sinking, vertical mixing) as controls on the biomass distribution of phytoplankton in a 10-m water column. Numerical simulations indicate that phytoplankton dynamics are highly sensitive to the rate of vertical mixing (parameterized as an eddy diffusivity K(z)), such that biomass increases rapidly at small K(z) (5 m2 d-1), but not at large K(z) (50 m2 d-1). Cyclic variation of K(z) between 5 and 50 over a 14-d period (simulated neap-spring cycle) yields simulation results that are similar to bloom events observed in this estuary. RP CLOERN, JE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY MS496,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; OI Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 NR 49 TC 156 Z9 162 U1 2 U2 19 PU KLINE GEOLOGY LABORATORY PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520 SN 0022-2402 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 49 IS 1 BP 203 EP 221 DI 10.1357/002224091784968611 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA FQ222 UT WOS:A1991FQ22200008 ER PT J AU HILDRETH, W HALLIDAY, AN CHRISTIANSEN, RL AF HILDRETH, W HALLIDAY, AN CHRISTIANSEN, RL TI ISOTOPIC AND CHEMICAL EVIDENCE CONCERNING THE GENESIS AND CONTAMINATION OF BASALTIC AND RHYOLITIC MAGMA BENEATH THE YELLOWSTONE PLATEAU VOLCANIC FIELD SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SNAKE-RIVER-PLAIN; SEISMIC PROFILING EXPERIMENT; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; BEARTOOTH-MOUNTAINS; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; OCEANIC BASALTS; IGNEOUS ROCKS; NATIONAL-PARK; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; MANTLE EVOLUTION AB Since 2.2 Ma, the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field has produced approximately 6000 km3 of rhyolite tuffs and lavas in > 60 separate eruptions, as well as approximately 100 km3 of tholeiitic basalt from > 50 vents peripheral to the silicic focus. Intermediate eruptive products are absent. Large calderas collapsed at 2.0, 1.3, and 0.6 Ma on eruption of ash-flow sheets representing at least 2500, 280, and 1000 km3 of zoned magma. Early postcollapse rhyolites show large shifts in Nd, Sr, Pb, and O isotopic compositions caused by assimilation of roof rocks and hydrothermal brines during collapse and resurgence. Younger intracaldera rhyolite lavas record partial isotopic recovery toward precaldera ratios. Thirteen extracaldera rhyolites show none of these effects and have sources independent of the subcaldera magma system. Contributions from the Archaean crust have extreme values and wide ranges of Nd-, Sr-, and Pb-isotope ratios, but Yellowstone rhyolites have moderate values and limited ranges. This requires their deep-crustal sources to have been pervasively hybridized (and the Archaean components diluted) by distributed intrusion of Cenozoic basalt, most of which was probably contemporaneous with the Pliocene and Quaternary volcanism. In hybrid sources yielding magmas parental to the subcaldera rhyolites, half or more of the Nd and Sr may have been contributed by such young basalt. Parents for the extracaldera rhyolites, generated beyond the leading edge of the northeast-propagating focus of basaltic intrusion and deep-crustal mobilization, contained smaller fractions of mantle-derived components. Most Yellowstone basalts had undergone cryptic clinopyroxene fractionation in the lower crust or crust-mantle transition zone and, having also ascended through or adjacent to crustal zones of silicic-magma generation, most underwent some crustal contamination. A high fraction of the Pb in most basalts is of crustal derivation. Anomalously low seismic velocities to a depth of approximately 250 km and a high flux of He-3 at Yellowstone suggest sublithospheric magma contributions. Elevated baseline Nd- and Sr-isotope ratios suggest additional contributions from old lithospheric mantle, but this is hard to quantify because of the crustal overprint. Foundering of crustally contaminated main-stage cumulates into the low-viscosity upper mantle beneath the principal focus of basaltic intrusion may influence the isotopic compositions of low-K tholeiites and Snake River olivine tholeiites subsequently generated along the Snake River Plain axis in the wake of the main migrating melting anomaly. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN, DEPT GEOL SCI, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. RP HILDRETH, W (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 135 TC 238 Z9 252 U1 3 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 EI 1460-2415 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 32 IS 1 BP 63 EP 138 PG 76 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FB873 UT WOS:A1991FB87300003 ER PT J AU WILSHIRE, HG MCGUIRE, AV NOLLER, JS TURRIN, BD AF WILSHIRE, HG MCGUIRE, AV NOLLER, JS TURRIN, BD TI PETROLOGY OF LOWER CRUSTAL AND UPPER MANTLE XENOLITHS FROM THE CIMA VOLCANIC FIELD, CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAMAFIC XENOLITHS; TRANSITION ZONE; PHASE-RELATIONS; GEOCHEMISTRY; PERIDOTITE; BEARING; AUSTRALIA; MASSIF; TEXTURES; DIKES AB Basaltic rocks of the Cima volcanic field in the southern Basin and Range province contain abundant gabbro, pyroxenite, and peridotite xenoliths. Composite xenoliths containing two or more rock types show that upper-mantle spinel peridotite was enriched by multiple dike intrusions in at least three episodes; the mantle was further enriched by intergranular and shear-zone melt infiltration in at least two episodes. The oldest dikes, now metamorphosed, are Cr-diopside websterite. Dikes of intermediate age are most abundant at Cima and consist of igneous-textured websterite and two-pyroxene gabbro and microgabbro of tholeiitic or calcalkalic parentage. The youngest dikes are igneous-textured clinopyroxenite, gabbro, and olivine microgabbro of alkalic parentage. The dikes in peridotite are interpreted as parts of a system of conduits through which tholeiitic (or calcalkalic) and alkalic magmas fed lower-crustal intrusions, which are represented by abundant xenoliths of the same igneous rock types as observed in the dikes. Mineral assemblages of dikes in peridotite indicate that an enriched uppermost mantle zone no thicker than 15 km could have been sampled. Because of their high densities, the gabbros and pyroxenites can occupy the zone immediately above the present Moho (modeled on seismic data as 10-13 km thick, with V(P) 6.8 km/s) only if their seismic velocities are reduced by the joints, partial melts, and fluid inclusions that occur in them. Alternatively, these xenoliths may have been derived entirely from beneath the Moho, in which case the Moho is not the local crust-mantle boundary. C1 UNIV HOUSTON, HOUSTON, TX 77004 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. RP US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 56 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 EI 1460-2415 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 32 IS 1 BP 169 EP 200 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FB873 UT WOS:A1991FB87300005 ER PT J AU SCHWAB, WC DANFORTH, WW SCANLON, KM MASSON, DG AF SCHWAB, WC DANFORTH, WW SCANLON, KM MASSON, DG TI A GIANT SUBMARINE SLOPE FAILURE ON THE NORTHERN INSULAR SLOPE OF PUERTO-RICO SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; PLATE; TRENCH; MOVEMENTS; REGION AB A large amphitheater-shaped scarp, approximately 55 km across, was imaged on the northern insular slope of Puerto Rico using long-range sidescan sonar and bathymetric data. This scarp results from the removal of more than 1500 km3 of Tertiary strata. A review of seismic-reflection profiles, stratigraphic data, and subsidence models of the northern insular margin of Puerto Rico were used to infer that large-scale slope failure was induced by the tectonic oversteepening of the insular slope and was responsible for the formation of the scarp. The oversteepening probably was caused by the most recent episode of convergence of the Caribbean and North American plates, which began between approximately 4 and 2.5 m.y. ago. The Tertiary strata have been tilted approximately 4.5-degrees to the north in the last 4 m.y. C1 INST OCEANOG SCI,WORMLEY GU8 5UB,SURREY,ENGLAND. RP SCHWAB, WC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,QUISSETT CAMPUS,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 96 IS 3-4 BP 237 EP 246 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(91)90149-X PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA FB212 UT WOS:A1991FB21200003 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, MM AF THOMPSON, MM TI PUBLICATION ASPECTS OF ETHICS IN PHOTOGRAMMETRY SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material RP THOMPSON, MM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20242, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 57 IS 2 BP 161 EP 162 PG 2 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EW206 UT WOS:A1991EW20600002 ER PT J AU NISHENKO, SP AF NISHENKO, SP TI CIRCUM-PACIFIC SEISMIC POTENTIAL - 1989-1999 SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE CIRCUM-PACIFIC; EARTHQUAKE FORECASTING; EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION; CHARACTERISTIC EARTHQUAKES; PROBABILITY; SEISMIC HAZARDS AB The seismic potential for 96 segments of simple plate boundaries around the circum-Pacific region is presented in terms of the conditional probability for the occurrence of either large or great interplate earthquakes during the next 5, 10, and 20 years (i.e., 1989-1994, 1989-1999 and 1989-2009). This study represents the first probabilistic summary of seismic potential on this scale, and involves the comparison of plate boundary segments that exhibit varying recurrence times, magnitudes, and tectonic regimes. Presenting these data in a probabilistic framework provides a basis for the uniform comparison of seismic hazard between these differing fault segments, as well as accounting for individual variations in recurrence time along a specific fault segment, and uncertainties in the determination of the average recurrence time. The definition of specific segments along simple plate boundaries relies on the mapping of earthquake repture zones as defined by the aftershock distributions of prior large and great earthquakes, and historic descriptions of felt intensities and damage areas. The 96 segments are chosen to represent areas likely to be ruptured by "characteristic" earthquakes of a specified size or magnitude. The term characteristic implies repeated breakage of a plate boundary segment by large or great earthquakes whose source dimensions are similar from cycle to cycle. This definition does not exclude the possibility that occasionally adjacent characteristic earthquake segments may break together in a single, larger event. Conversely, a segment may also break in a series of smaller ruptures. Estimates of recurrence times and conditional probabilities for characteristic earthquakes along segments of simple plate boundaries are based on 1) the historic and instrumental record of large and great earthquake occurrence; 2) paleoseismic evidence of recurrence from radiometric dating of Holocene features produced by earthquakes; 3) direct calculations of recurrence time from the size of the most recent characteristic event and the long-term rates of plate motion assuming the validity of the time-predictable model for earthquake recurrence; and 4) the application of a lognormal distribution for the recurrence times of large and great earthquakes. Time-dependent estimates of seismic potential are based on a physical model of earthquake occurrence which assumes that the probability for an earthquake is low immediately following the occurrence of a characteristic earthquake and increases with time as the stress on the fault segment recovers the stress drop of the event. This study updates earlier work on seismic gaps by explicitly including both recurrence time information and the temporal proximity to the next event as factors in describing earthquake hazards. Currently, 11 out of 96 regions have a high (i.e., greater-than-or-equal-to 50%) probability of recurrence during the next 10 years and are characterized by either fairly short (i.e., less than 30-40 years) recurrence times or long elapsed times relative to the average recurrence time. The majority of these segments are located in the southwest Pacific (Vanuatu, New Guinea, and Tonga). When a longer time window is considered (e.g., 20 years or 1989-2009), 30 out of 96 regions have a high potential. Many of these regions are located near areas of high population density. These determinations do not preclude rupture of other fault segments, with less than a 50% chance in 10 or 20 years, or large and great earthquakes in areas we have not studied in detail. While this study has summarized the seismic potential for a large number of regions around the circum-Pacific, there are still a number of geographic and seismotectonic regions that need to be considered, including Indonesia, the Philippines, New Zealand, and the countries that surround the Caribbean basin. RP NISHENKO, SP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL EARTHQUAKE INFORMAT CTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 153 Z9 158 U1 2 U2 7 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 135 IS 2 BP 169 EP 259 DI 10.1007/BF00880240 PG 91 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FD526 UT WOS:A1991FD52600001 ER PT J AU LEE, J SUTTER, JF AF LEE, J SUTTER, JF TI INCREMENTAL AR-40/AR-39 THERMOCHRONOLOGY OF MYLONITIC ROCKS FROM THE NORTHERN SNAKE RANGE, NEVADA SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEXES; DUCTILE-BRITTLE TRANSITION; EAST HUMBOLDT RANGE; RUBY MOUNTAINS; NORMAL FAULTS; EXCESS AR-40; K-FELDSPARS; AGE SPECTRA; HORNBLENDE; BIOTITE AB A Ar-40/Ar-39 thermochronologic study of muscovite, biotite, and potassium feldspar from footwall rocks of the Northern Snake Range Decollement, Nevada, was undertaken in order to constrain the timing and temperatures of mylonitic deformation during extension and the subsequent cooling (uplift) history of these mylonitic rocks. Mylonitic deformation has been bracketed between 37 Ma and about 24 Ma, and minimum temperatures during ductile thinning were about 300-degrees-C. Mineral cooling ages along the east flank of the range suggest a minimum T(MAX) gradient of about 55-degrees-C/Ma. This steep thermal gradient is the result of a localized heat source and/or shearing of colder rocks with older cooling histories over hotter rocks with younger cooling histories. Although mylonitic deformation may have spanned a 13 m.y. period (37 Ma to 24 Ma), deformation was not synchronous throughout the range. On the west flank of the range, age spectra from muscovite and microcline samples indicate that rocks were at temperatures well below 325-degrees-C and deformation had ceased by 30 Ma, while on the east flank of the range, lower plate rocks were at temperatures above 325-degrees-C and ductile deformation was still ongoing. This is also reflected in chrontours of published K/Ar muscovite ages, along with Ar-40/Ar-39 ages, which monotonically decrease in age from west to east. These data provide evidence for a temperature difference across the range within the same structural horizon from about 30 to 24 Ma. These relations suggest a lateral thermal gradient, the east flank of the range cooling more slowly than the west flank. Alternatively, the data suggest either an eastward dip of lower plate units prior to the onset of Tertiary mylonitic deformation or that layering dipped eastward due to deformation in an east dipping, top-to-the-east shear zone. Both cases result in differential cooling of lower plate units as they pass through a series of subhorizontal isotherms. The Ar-40/Ar-39 data, along with published finite strain, structural, and quartz petrofabric data, provide constraints on the formation and geometric evolution of metamorphic core complex detachment faults. C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR 908,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 66 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD FEB PY 1991 VL 10 IS 1 BP 77 EP & DI 10.1029/90TC01931 PG 0 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EW769 UT WOS:A1991EW76900005 ER PT J AU AYUSO, RA BEVIER, ML AF AYUSO, RA BEVIER, ML TI REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN PB ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS OF FELDSPARS IN PLUTONIC ROCKS OF THE NORTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS, USA AND CANADA - A GEOCHEMICAL METHOD OF TERRANE CORRELATION SO TECTONICS LA English DT Review ID NEW-ENGLAND APPALACHIANS; CAPE BRETON HIGHLANDS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NEW-BRUNSWICK; SEISMIC-REFLECTION; CRUSTAL EVOLUTION; LEAD ISOTOPES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NOVA-SCOTIA; AVALON ZONE AB Feldspar Pb isotopic compositions from Paleozoic tonalitic to leucogranitic Caledonian plutons from the northern Appalachian Mountains of the U.S.A. and Canada range from nonradiogenic to radiogenic relative to the evolution curve of Stacey and Kramers (1975). Pb isotopic values in the feldspars are generally independent of modal and major and trace element contents of the plutons. Plutons with the least radiogenic Pb isotopic signatures (Northern group) have intruded allochthonous rocks closest to the North American craton, and plutons with the most radiogenic Pb (Southern group) have intruded Avalonian basement. Feldspars from plutons in the Central group have intermediate Pb isotopic compositions between the Northern and Southern groups and do not define an isotopically unique group. The predominant source of the felsic magmas was the continental lithosphere as indicated by the general Pb isotopic similarity of the plutonic feldspars with either Grenville or Chain Lakes basement in the case of the Northern group and with Avalonian basement rocks in the case of the Southern group. The source region for plutons in the Central group may have contained a mixture of Grenvillian and Avalonian components. Plutons in the northern Appalachians are as a group more evolved in their Pb isotopic compositions relative to Caledonian plutons in the British Isles. C1 GEOL SURVEY CANADA,OTTAWA K18 0E8,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP AYUSO, RA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR 954,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 111 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD FEB PY 1991 VL 10 IS 1 BP 191 EP & DI 10.1029/90TC02132 PG 0 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EW769 UT WOS:A1991EW76900010 ER PT J AU POHN, HA COLEMAN, JL AF POHN, HA COLEMAN, JL TI FOLD PATTERNS, LATERAL RAMPS AND SEISMICITY IN CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THRUST AB The Susquehanna lateral ramp crosses the entire length of Pennsylvania in a NNE direction and extends into southern New York State. Its presence was first suspected because of a dramatic change in fold wavelength across the Susquehanna River, seen on both side-looking airborne radar (SLAR *) data and the geologic map of Pennsylvania. Seismic reflection profiles confirm the presence of a ramp and show the detailed nature of structures associated with it. These structures include antiformal stacks, juxtaposed anticlines and synclines, and folds beheaded by thrust faults. The change in the fold pattern, which led to recognizing the lateral ramp, occurs above a rapid dropoff in depth to the basement suggesting that the ramp and the basement configuration may somehow be related. In plan view, eleven earthquakes are spatially related to the Susquehanna lateral ramp, although they are in the basement rocks rather than in the cover rocks which contain the lateral ramp itself. The earthquakes are, therefore, not likely directly associated with the ramp, though they may be affiliated with strike-slip faulting in the basement which, itself, appears to be partly responsible for the formation of the ramp. The initial age of the faulting along, and in the vicinity of, the Susquehanna lateral ramp is presumably Early to Middle Paleozoic. However, the presence of a superficially-exposed Mesozoic dike along the ramp and modern seismicity suggest that the Susquehanna lateral ramp may be a zone of protracted, and perhaps repeated, tectonism which is currently being reactivated. A preliminary evaluation of the distribution of modern earthquakes in the Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge and Appalachian Plateau shows that nearly half of the earthquakes are located under lateral ramps. If this observation is true, the presence of ramps may be a useful geological indicator of areas susceptible to seismicity. C1 AMOCO PROD CO,HOUSTON,TX 77253. RP POHN, HA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD FEB 1 PY 1991 VL 186 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 149 DI 10.1016/0040-1951(91)90389-A PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EY477 UT WOS:A1991EY47700009 ER PT J AU RAO, GN BECK, JN MURRAY, HE NYMAN, DJ AF RAO, GN BECK, JN MURRAY, HE NYMAN, DJ TI ESTIMATING TRANSMISSIVITY AND HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF CHICOT AQUIFER FROM SPECIFIC CAPACITY DATA SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE GROUND WATER; AQUIFER; TRANSMISSIVITY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SPECIFIC CAPACITY AB Specific capacity data obtained from Well Construction reports which are available from USGS offices, can provide useful estimates of transmissivity (T), and hydraulic conductivity (K), of an aquifer. The Chicot Aquifer in Louisiana is one of the largest sources of fresh ground water in North America. Hydrologic data collected for the Chicot Aquifer indicate that specific capacity tests can be used in estimating local and regional values for T and K, if the Cooper-Jacob equation for transient flow is used with proper corrections for well loss and partial penetration. Where full scale pumping test data are scarce, specific capacity test data that are adequately distributed spatially can be used to map changes in T and K values and can be summarized statistically to indicate applicable regional values. A computer program called "TGUESS" which is available from International Ground Water Modeling Center, Holcomb Research Institute, was used in this study. The contour maps for T and K values are prepared for different well depth intervals to avoid wide variation of values. C1 MCNEESE STATE UNIV,COLL SCI,LAKE CHARLES,LA 70609. MCNEESE STATE UNIV,OFF RES SERV,LAKE CHARLES,LA 70609. US GEOL SERV,BATON ROUGE,LA 70816. RP RAO, GN (reprint author), MCNEESE STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL & MECH ENGN,POB 91735,LAKE CHARLES,LA 70609, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 27 IS 1 BP 47 EP 58 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA FX249 UT WOS:A1991FX24900006 ER PT J AU CLARK, GM WILLIAMS, RS AF CLARK, GM WILLIAMS, RS TI IDENTIFICATION OF DISSOLVED-CONSTITUENT SOURCES IN MINE-SITE GROUND-WATER USING BATCH MIXING SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE NORTHWESTERN COLORADO; SURFACE-COAL MINING; BATCH MIXING; GEOCHEMISTRY; WATER QUALITY; MASS-BALANCE SIMULATIONS AB Batch-mixing experiments were used to help identify lithologic and mineralogic sources of increased concentrations of dissolved solids in water affected by surface coal mining in northwestern Colorado. Ten overburden core samples were analyzed for mineral composition and mixed with distilled water for 90 days until mineral-water equilibrium was reached. Between one day and 90 days after initial contact, specific conductance in the sample mixtures had a median increase of 306 percent. Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 200 to 8,700 mg/L in water samples extracted from the mixtures after 90 days. Mass-balance simulations were conducted using the geochemical models BALANCE and WATEQF to quantify mineral-water interactions occurring in five selected sample mixtures and in water collected from a spring at a reclaimed mine site. The spring water is affected by mineral-water interactions occurring in all of the lithologic units comprising the overburden. Results of the simulations indicate that oxidation of pyrite, dissolution of dolomite, gypsum, and epsomite, and cation-exchange reactions are the primary mineral-water interactions occurring in the overburden. Three lithologic units in the overburden (a coal, a sandstone, and a shale) probably contribute most of the dissolved solids to the spring water. Water sample extracts from mixtures using core from these three units accounted for 85 percent of the total dissolved solids in the 10 sample extracts. Other lithologic units in the overburden probably contribute smaller quantities of dissolved solids to the spring water. RP CLARK, GM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MS 415,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 27 IS 1 BP 93 EP 100 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA FX249 UT WOS:A1991FX24900010 ER PT J AU ELLSWORTH, WL AF ELLSWORTH, WL TI LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE - PUTTING THE PIECES TOGETHER SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material RP ELLSWORTH, WL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 31 PY 1991 VL 349 IS 6308 BP 371 EP 372 DI 10.1038/349371a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EV514 UT WOS:A1991EV51400027 ER PT J AU LANGBEIN, J AF LANGBEIN, J TI EARTHQUAKE EXPLANATIONS SO NATURE LA English DT Letter RP LANGBEIN, J (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 24 PY 1991 VL 349 IS 6307 BP 287 EP 287 DI 10.1038/349287a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EU501 UT WOS:A1991EU50100031 ER PT J AU MCMAHON, PB CHAPELLE, FH AF MCMAHON, PB CHAPELLE, FH TI MICROBIAL-PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC-ACIDS IN AQUITARD SEDIMENTS AND ITS ROLE IN AQUIFER GEOCHEMISTRY SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER; SUBSURFACE; BACTERIA; CARBON; WATERS; CO2 AB MICROBIAL activity in aquifers plays an important part in the chemical evolution of ground water 1-5. The most important terminal electron-accepting microbial processes in deeply buried anaerobic aquifers are iron reduction, sulphate reduction and methanogenesis 5-8, each of which requires simple organic compounds or hydrogen (H2) as electron donors. Until now, the source of these compounds was unknown because the concentrations of dissolved 1 organic carbon and sedimentary organic carbon in aquifers are extremely low 9-11. Here we show that rates of microbial fermentation exceed rates of respiration in organic-rich aquitards (low-permeability sediments stratigraphically adjacent to higher-permeability aquifer sediments), resulting in a net accumulation of simple organic acids in pore waters. In aquifers, however, respiration outpaces fermentation, resulting in a net consumption of organic acids. The concentration gradient that develops in response to these two processes drives a net diffusive flux of organic acids from aquitards to aquifers. Diffusion calculations demonstrate that rates of organic acid transport are sufficient to account for observed rates of microbial respiration in aquifers. This overall process effectively links the large pool of sedimentary organic carbon in aquitards to microbial respiration in aquifers, and is a principal mechanism driving groundwater chemistry changes in aquifers. RP MCMAHON, PB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,STEPHENSON CTR,SUITE 129,720 GRACERN RD,COLUMBIA,SC 29210, USA. NR 25 TC 157 Z9 163 U1 1 U2 26 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 17 PY 1991 VL 349 IS 6306 BP 233 EP 235 DI 10.1038/349233a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ET519 UT WOS:A1991ET51900053 ER PT J AU OLIVER, WA CHLUPAC, I AF OLIVER, WA CHLUPAC, I TI DEFINING THE DEVONIAN - 1979-89 SO LETHAIA LA English DT Article C1 USTREDNI USTAV GEOL,CS-11821 PRAGUE 1,CZECHOSLOVAKIA. RP OLIVER, WA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,SMITHSONIAN INST,E 305 NAT HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0024-1164 J9 LETHAIA JI Lethaia PD JAN 15 PY 1991 VL 24 IS 1 BP 119 EP 122 DI 10.1111/j.1502-3931.1991.tb01185.x PG 4 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA EZ415 UT WOS:A1991EZ41500011 ER PT J AU FORMAN, SL NELSON, AR MCCALPIN, JP AF FORMAN, SL NELSON, AR MCCALPIN, JP TI THERMOLUMINESCENCE DATING OF FAULT-SCARP-DERIVED COLLUVIUM - DECIPHERING THE TIMING OF PALEOEARTHQUAKES ON THE WEBER SEGMENT OF THE WASATCH FAULT ZONE, NORTH CENTRAL UTAH SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; THERMO-LUMINESCENCE; UNITED-STATES; EARTHQUAKES; CALIBRATION; CALIFORNIA; SEDIMENTS AB The timing of middle to late Holocene faulting on the Weber segment of the Wasatch fault zone, Utah, is constrained by thermoluminescence (TL) and radiocarbon age estimates on fine-grained, fault-related colluvial sediments. The stratigraphy in two trenches excavated across fault scarps is characterized by a stack of three colluvial wedges, deposited in response to three separate faulting events, the oldest of which buried a soil developed on a middle Holocene debris flow. Thermoluminescence age estimates by the partial and total bleach methods and the regeneration method on fine-grained colluvium from the trenches agree within 1 sigma and are concordant with the radiocarbon chronology. A synthesis of the TL and C-14 age estimates indicate that these three faulting events occurred sometime between 4500 and 3500, between 3200 and 2500, and between 1400 and 1000 years ago. Detailed investigation of a sequence of fine-grained, scarp-derived distal colluvium shows that much of the sediment was deposited during < 600-year intervals immediately after faulting. The sedimentation rate of colluvium is inferred to increase shortly after faulting, and TL dating of these sediments provides additional information to constrain the timing of faulting events. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,LOGAN,UT 84322. US GEOL SURVEY,GEOL RISK ASSESSMENT BRANCH,DENVER,CO 80225. RP FORMAN, SL (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,INST ARCTIC & ALPINE RES,CTR GEOCHRONOL RES,1560 30TH ST,CAMPUS BOX 450,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD JAN 10 PY 1991 VL 96 IS B1 BP 595 EP 605 DI 10.1029/90JB02081 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA ER677 UT WOS:A1991ER67700020 ER PT J AU HONDA, M MCDOUGALL, I PATTERSON, DB DOULGERIS, A CLAGUE, DA AF HONDA, M MCDOUGALL, I PATTERSON, DB DOULGERIS, A CLAGUE, DA TI POSSIBLE SOLAR NOBLE-GAS COMPONENT IN HAWAIIAN BASALTS SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID LOIHI SEAMOUNT; NEON; ISOTOPES; HELIUM; XENOLITHS; DIAMONDS; ISLAND AB The noble-gas elemental and isotopic composition in the Earth is significantly different from that of the present atmosphere, and provides an important clue to the origin and history of the Earth and its atmosphere. Possible candidates for the noble-gas composition of the primordial Earth include a solar-like component, a planetary-like component (as observed in primitive meteorites) and a component similar in composition to the present atmosphere. In an attempt to identify the contributions of such components, we have measured isotope ratios of heliium and neon in fresh basaltic glasses dredged from Loihi seamount and the East Rift Zone of Kilauea 1-3. We find a systematic enrichment in Ne-20, and Ne-21 relative to Ne-22, compared with atmospheric neon. The helium and neon isotope signatures observed in our samples can be explained by mixing of solar, present atmospheric, radiogenic and nucleogenic components. These data suggest that the noble-gas isotopic composition of the mantle source of the Hawaiian plume is different from that of the present atmosphere, and that it includes a significant solar-like component. We infer that this component was acquired during the formation of the Earth. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP HONDA, M (reprint author), AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,RES SCH EARTH SCI,GPO BOX 4,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. OI Honda, Masahiko/0000-0002-9545-9855 NR 17 TC 221 Z9 226 U1 1 U2 13 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 10 PY 1991 VL 349 IS 6305 BP 149 EP 151 DI 10.1038/349149a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ER418 UT WOS:A1991ER41800055 ER PT J AU ALLEN, JL MEINERTZ, JR AF ALLEN, JL MEINERTZ, JR TI POSTCOLUMN REACTION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF CHROMATIC AND LEUCO FORMS OF MALACHITE GREEN AND CRYSTAL VIOLET BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH PHOTOMETRIC DETECTION SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON COLUMN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY CY MAY 20-25, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA ID GENTIAN-VIOLET; LEUCOGENTIAN VIOLET AB The chromatic and leuco forms of malachite green and crystal violet were readily separated and detected by a sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure. The chromatic and leuco forms of the dyes were separated within 11 min on a C18 column with a mobile phase of 0.05 M sodium acetate and 0.05 M acetic acid in water (19%) and methanol (81%). A reaction chamber, containing 10% PbO2 in Celite 545, was placed between the column and the spectrophotometric detector to oxidize the leuco forms of the dyes to their chromatic forms. Chromatic and leuco malachite green were quantified by their absorbance at 618 nm; and chromatic and leuco Crystal Violet by their absorbance at 588 nm. Detection limits for chromatic and leuco forms of both dyes ranged from 0.12 to 0.28 ng. A linear range of 1 to 100 ng was established for both forms of the dyes. RP ALLEN, JL (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,POB 818,LA CROSSE,WI 54602, USA. NR 11 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JAN 4 PY 1991 VL 536 IS 1-2 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89252-9 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EU612 UT WOS:A1991EU61200021 ER PT J AU STUART, WD AF STUART, WD TI SEISMIC QUIESCENCE AT PARKFIELD DUE TO DETACHMENT FAULTING SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA AB ON the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California, rates of seismicity1,2 and geodetic line shortening3,4 have been lower since 1986 than before. Wyss et al.1,3 interpret the rate decreases as precursors to an imminent moderate earthquake (magnitude M = 5.5-6) and estimate the earthquake time to be March 1991 +/- 1 yr. The earthquake was previously predicted to occur in 1988 +/- 5 yr based on five of six similar earthquakes which occurred at intervals approximately 22 yr, the last one in 1966(5). Here I present a model that attributes the rate changes to the initiation of slip on a subhorizontal detachment fault under the pending rupture area. In this model, the slip starts late in the seismic cycle, and diminishes the loading rate on the nearby San Andreas, thus acting as a buffer. RP STUART, WD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 3 PY 1991 VL 349 IS 6304 BP 58 EP 61 DI 10.1038/349058a0 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EQ601 UT WOS:A1991EQ60100049 ER PT J AU NASH, RG HELLING, CS RAGONE, SE LESLIE, AR AF NASH, RG HELLING, CS RAGONE, SE LESLIE, AR TI GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING - OVERVIEW OF THE APPROACH TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID WELL WATER; PESTICIDES; CALIFORNIA AB Recognition that nitrogen applied as fertilizer may reach groundwater has been known for two to three decades. It is only in the past decade that evidence has become available suggesting pesticides may leach to groundwater, also. The evidence, though mostly anecdotal, has raised the nation's awareness of the potential for contamination of our water resources, the need to ascertain the extent of the problem, and ways to prevent it. Because of the complexity of natural systems, an interdisciplinary study approach is needed to provide information for cost-effective solutions to the problem. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. US GEOL SURVEY,OFF ASSISTANT DIRECTOR RES,RESTON,VA 22092. US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP NASH, RG (reprint author), EPL BIOANALYT SERV INC,BOX 1708,DECATUR,IL 62525, USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GE566 UT WOS:A1991GE56600001 ER PT J AU KOTERBA, MT SHEDLOCK, RJ BACHMAN, LJ PHILLIPS, PJ AF KOTERBA, MT SHEDLOCK, RJ BACHMAN, LJ PHILLIPS, PJ TI REGIONAL AND TARGETED GROUNDWATER QUALITY NETWORKS IN THE DELMARVA PENINSULA SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article AB A multi-network monitoring and quality-assurance program was designed to assess the occurrence and distribution of selected pesticides and nutrients in groundwater in the Delmarva Peninsula in Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, four interrelated networks were established with wells distributed regionally across the peninsula and locally in small watersheds. Data from these networks are being used to assess groundwater quality relative to differences in soil, land use, geomorphology, physiography, and hydrogeology at regional and local scales. An accompanying quality-assurance program was designed to help ensure accurate data and determine whether differences in water quality among network samples result from changes in hydrologic setting or are from sampling design. RP KOTERBA, MT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,208 CARROLL BLDG,8600 LA SALLE RD,TOWSON,MD 21204, USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 110 EP 138 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GE566 UT WOS:A1991GE56600006 ER PT J AU DENVER, JM AF DENVER, JM TI GROUNDWATER-SAMPLING NETWORK TO STUDY AGROCHEMICAL EFFECTS ON WATER-QUALITY IN THE UNCONFINED AQUIFER - SOUTHEASTERN DELAWARE SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article AB Understanding local and regional groundwater-flow patterns was necessary to design a sampling network to study the movement and distribution of agrochemicals in the unconfined aquifer in south-eastern Delaware. Clusters of wells completed at various depths were installed in the expected direction of local groundwater flow along a transect from the center of a 100-ha cultivated field toward a nearby stream. Contrary to expectations, groundwater flow in the study area is almost parallel to the stream, in the direction of regional flow. Consequently, agrochemicals from the site migrate along flow paths from source (recharge) areas to distant regional discharge areas and do not significantly influence the water quality in the stream. The sampling network was expanded upgradient and downgradient from the original site during a second phase of the study. The expanded network provided better understanding of agrochemical distribution relative to regional ground-water-flow patterns. RP DENVER, JM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,ROOM 1201 FED BLDG,300 S NEW ST,DOVER,DE 19901, USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 139 EP 149 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GE566 UT WOS:A1991GE56600007 ER PT J AU RYAN, BJ HEALY, DF AF RYAN, BJ HEALY, DF TI WATER-QUALITY SAMPLING PROGRAM AT LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION SITE - WOOD-RIVER-JUNCTION, RHODE-ISLAND SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,HARTFORD,CT 06103. RP RYAN, BJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20240, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 242 EP 254 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GE566 UT WOS:A1991GE56600014 ER PT J AU HATCHER, PG LERCH, HE AF HATCHER, PG LERCH, HE TI SURVIVAL OF LIGNIN-DERIVED STRUCTURAL UNITS IN ANCIENT COALIFIED WOOD SAMPLES SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SUBBITUMINOUS COAL; PYROLYSIS; PEATIFICATION; COALIFICATION AB Analysis of five Cretaceous and one Carboniferous fossil wood samples of lignite rank by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has revealed the presence of lignin-derived compounds such as phenols and methoxyphenols. The Cretaceous lignitic woods, produced a suite of methoxyphenols similar to those produced from pyrolysis of modern lignin and degraded wood. Distributions of these products indicate that the lignin structural units of the Cretaceous lignitic wood samples are preserved to varying degrees. The Carboniferous lignitic wood produced only traces of methoxyphenols, but phenols were abundant. This is an indication that lignin or lignin-like biomarkers such as methoxyphenols can survive in geological materials as old as the Carboniferous. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 461 BP 9 EP 19 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FT845 UT WOS:A1991FT84500003 ER PT J AU GOOLSBY, DA THURMAN, EM CLARK, ML POMES, ML AF GOOLSBY, DA THURMAN, EM CLARK, ML POMES, ML TI IMMUNOASSAY AS A SCREENING TOOL FOR TRIAZINE HERBICIDES IN STREAMS - COMPARISON WITH GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC MASS-SPECTROMETRIC METHODS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID ATRAZINE; WATER; SOIL AB Immunoassay and GC/MS (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) analysis for triazine herbicides were compared in order to evaluate the potential of immunoassay as a screening tool. Water samples were collected at 146 sites on streams in a 10-state region of the midwestern United States during 1989 before and shortly after application of pre-emergent herbicides that were used for weed control in the production of corn and soybeans. The sites were sampled a third time in fall 1989 during a low streamflow period. The two methods compared well with a rank correlation coefficient of 0.90 for immunoassay results less than 5-mu-g/L (micrograms per liter). The presence or absence of triazine herbicides can be determined visually at concentrations of about 0.5-mu-g/L, and the detection limit can be lowered to about 0.2-mu-g/L with a spectrophotometer. The median pre-application and fall concentrations of triazine herbicides in the streams were determined by immunoassay to be less than 0.2-mu-g/L and 0.3-mu-g/L, respectively, compared with a post-application median of 3.4-mu-g/L. Immunoassay appears to be a rapid, reliable, and low-cost analytical screening method for detecting triazine herbicides in water. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,US DEPT INTERIOR,LAWRENCE,KS 66049. US GEOL SURVEY,US DEPT INTERIOR,IOWA CITY,IA 52240. RP GOOLSBY, DA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,US DEPT INTERIOR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 451 BP 86 EP 99 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EU894 UT WOS:A1991EU89400008 ER PT J AU ALLEN, AW TERRELL, JW MANGUS, WL LINDQUIST, EL AF ALLEN, AW TERRELL, JW MANGUS, WL LINDQUIST, EL BE LANKESTER, MW TIMMERMANN, HR TI APPLICATION AND PARTIAL VALIDATION OF A HABITAT MODEL FOR MOOSE IN THE LAKE-SUPERIOR REGION SO ALCES, VOL 27 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27TH NORTH AMERICAN MOOSE CONF AND WORKSHOP ON INCIDENTAL MOOSE MORTALITY, CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND MANAGEMENT CY MAY 13-17, 1991 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP TESORO ALASKA PETR, SOUTHCENTRAL AIRLINES, HOMER OCEAN CHARTERS, INDIAN VALLEY MEATS RP ALLEN, AW (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,4512 MCMURRY AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80525, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAKEHEAD UNIV BOOKSTORE PI THUNDER BAY PA THUNDER BAY PY 1991 BP 50 EP 64 PG 15 WC Forestry; Zoology SC Forestry; Zoology GA BW03W UT WOS:A1991BW03W00007 ER PT B AU LORANGER, AJ BAILEY, TN LARNED, WW AF LORANGER, AJ BAILEY, TN LARNED, WW BE LANKESTER, MW TIMMERMANN, HR TI EFFECTS OF FOREST SUCCESSION AFTER FIRE IN MOOSE WINTERING HABITATS ON THE KENAI PENINSULA, ALASKA SO ALCES, VOL 27 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27TH NORTH AMERICAN MOOSE CONF AND WORKSHOP ON INCIDENTAL MOOSE MORTALITY, CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND MANAGEMENT CY MAY 13-17, 1991 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP TESORO ALASKA PETR, SOUTHCENTRAL AIRLINES, HOMER OCEAN CHARTERS, INDIAN VALLEY MEATS RP LORANGER, AJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,KENAI NATL WILDLIFE REFUGE,POB 2139,SOLDOTNA,AK 99669, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU LAKEHEAD UNIV BOOKSTORE PI THUNDER BAY PA THUNDER BAY PY 1991 BP 100 EP 110 PG 11 WC Forestry; Zoology SC Forestry; Zoology GA BW03W UT WOS:A1991BW03W00013 ER PT J AU BRADSHAW, MA MCCARTAN, L AF BRADSHAW, MA MCCARTAN, L TI PALEOECOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS OF EARLY DEVONIAN BIVALVES FROM THE HORLICK FORMATION, OHIO RANGE, ANTARCTICA SO ALCHERINGA LA English DT Article DE DEVONIAN; FAUNA; BIVALVES; HORLICK FORMATION; OHIO RANGE; ANTARCTICA; PALEOECOLOGY; SYSTEMATICS ID NEW-YORK; MORPHOLOGY AB A fauna of bivalves, many of them large and thick-shelled, occurs in the 50-metre-thick, clastic, Early Devonian Horlick Formation of the Ohio Range, Antarctica. Together with the ecology of other fossils, the bivalves indicate a high-energy, near-shore environment, with deposition strongly influenced by storm activity. The distribution of bivalves and other fossils is related to nine lithofacies. Most of the fauna comprises death assemblages. Thick external bryozoan growths on parts of certain bivalves and brachiopods suggest partial burial of shells during life. Other evidence indicates that some shells were exhumed and reburied. In terms of bottom communities, most of the fauna falls within Benthic Assemblages 1 and 2, and was close to shore, but the Australospirifer and crinoid-dominated fauna of lithofacies 8 at the top of the sequence indicates Benthic Assemblage 4 or 5, and lay further offshore. The fauna shows strong Malvinokaffric affinities and lesser connections with the Devonian of Reefton, New Zealand. Shallow water phosphate deposits that are anomalous for the latitudes proposed for the Ohio Range (58-degrees-S) may be explained by either higher global temperatures during the Devonian, or by post-Devonian strike-slip movement of the region. The fauna is numerically dominated by brachiopods, but taxonomically, bivalves are more varied and form a strong component in assemblages. The bivalves include infaunal, epifaunal and semi-infaunal forms. A suggested mode of life for each bivalve is included in the systematic section of this paper. Re-collection, and the restudy of existing material, has resulted in the establishment of two new genera and eight new species. The genus Notonucula has been proposed for Nuculoidea-like palaeotaxodonts that lack marginal micropectenations of the shell, and Obrimia for a new, large, thick-shelled genus that has been tentatively placed in the family Edmondiidae. New bivalve species include: Notonucula cuspidis, Notonucula demissa, Nuculites frigidus, Modiomorpha herculi, Obrimia hadrosa, Obrimia ovalis, Palaeosolen algidus, and Prothyris (Prothyris) darlingensis. Recorded for the first time from the Horlick Formation are Phestia cf. P. viator, Gosseletia? sp., Pterinea? sp., Glossites sp., and Orthonota sp.; also hyolithids and crinoid holdfasts. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP BRADSHAW, MA (reprint author), CANTERBURY MUSEUM,ROLLESTON AVE,CHRISTCHURCH,NEW ZEALAND. NR 73 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AUST INC PI SYDNEY PA 1203 WYNYARD HOUSE 301 GEORGE STREET, SYDNEY NSW 2000, AUSTRALIA SN 0311-5518 J9 ALCHERINGA JI Alcheringa PY 1991 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 42 DI 10.1080/03115519108619008 PG 42 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA FY832 UT WOS:A1991FY83200001 ER PT J AU FORNEY, KA LEETE, AJ LINDBURG, DG AF FORNEY, KA LEETE, AJ LINDBURG, DG TI A BAR CODE SCORING SYSTEM FOR BEHAVIORAL-RESEARCH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Note DE PORTABLE COMPUTER; BEHAVIOR; DATA COLLECTION AB A data collection method using lap-top computers and bar codes was developed and used in behavioral research. The studies involved several common sampling methods and a variety of study subjects. Advantages and restrictions of the system are discussed. Overall, we found bar code technology to increase both efficiency and accuracy of behavioral data collection. C1 ZOOL SOC SAN DIEGO,POB 551,SAN DIEGO,CA 92112. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES CTR,LA JOLLA,CA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,SO CALIF FIELD OFF,VENTURA,CA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PY 1991 VL 23 IS 2 BP 127 EP 135 DI 10.1002/ajp.1350230206 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EU709 UT WOS:A1991EU70900005 ER PT J AU WHITE, DE AF WHITE, DE TI ANDERSON,CHARLES,A. 1902-1990 - MEMORIAL SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Item About an Individual RP WHITE, DE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 76 IS 1-2 BP 306 EP 307 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA FF650 UT WOS:A1991FF65000035 ER PT J AU HORNE, H ROSENBLUM, P BRANDT, T AF HORNE, H ROSENBLUM, P BRANDT, T TI CAN DIET INFLUENCE OVARIAN STEROIDOGENESIS IN LARGEMOUTH BASS, MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SW TEXAS STATE UNIV,SAN MARCOS,TX 78666. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,SAN MARCOS,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0003-1569 J9 AM ZOOL JI Am. Zool. PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP A40 EP A40 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GV285 UT WOS:A1991GV28500155 ER PT J AU TAO, Y HODSON, RG WOODS, LC BENNETT, RO SULLIVAN, CV AF TAO, Y HODSON, RG WOODS, LC BENNETT, RO SULLIVAN, CV TI VITELLOGENIN AND VITELLOGENESIS IN STRIPED BASS, MORONE-SAXATILIS SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV MARYLAND,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ANNAPOLIS,MN. RI Sullivan, Craig/B-3863-2014 OI Sullivan, Craig/0000-0002-3609-9458 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0003-1569 J9 AM ZOOL JI Am. Zool. PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP A41 EP A41 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GV285 UT WOS:A1991GV28500157 ER PT J AU AELION, CM BRADLEY, PM AF AELION, CM BRADLEY, PM TI AEROBIC BIODEGRADATION POTENTIAL OF SUBSURFACE MICROORGANISMS FROM A JET FUEL-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BENZENE; TOLUENE; ADAPTATION AB In 1975, a leak of 83,000 gallons (314, 189 liters) of jet fuel (JP-4) contaminated a shallow water-table aquifer near North Charleston, S.C. Laboratory experiments were conducted with contaminated sediments to assess the aerobic biodegradation potential of the in situ microbial community. Sediments were incubated with C-14-labeled organic compounds, and the evolution of (CO2)-C-14 was measured over time. Gas chromatographic analyses were used to monitor CO2 production and O2 consumption under aerobic conditions. Results indicated that the microbes from contaminated sediments remained active despite the potentially toxic effects of JP-4. (CO2)-C-14 as measured from [C-14]glucose respiration in unamended and nitrate-amended samples after 1 day of incubation. Total [C-14]glucose metabolism was greater in 1 mM nitrate-amended than in unamended samples because of increased cellular incorporation of C-14 label. [C-14]benzene and [C-14]toluene were not significantly respired after 3 months of incubation. With the addition of 1 mM NO3, CO2 production measured by gas chromatographic analysis increased linearly during 2 months of incubation at a rate of 0.099-mu-mol g-1 (dry weight) day-1 while oxygen concentration decreased at a rate of 0.124-mu-mol g-1 (dry weight) day-1. With no added nitrate, CO2 production was not different from that in metabolically inhibited control vials. From the examination of selected components of JP-4, the n-alkane hexane appeared to be degraded as opposed to the branched alkanes of similar molecular weight. The results suggest that the in situ microbial community is active despite the JP-4 jet fuel contamination and that biodegradation may be compound specific. Also, the community is strongly nitrogen limited, and nitrogen additions may be required to significantly enhance hydrocarbon biodegradation. C1 UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT BIOL,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. UNIV S CAROLINA,MARINE SCI PROGRAM,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. RP AELION, CM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,720 GRACERN RD,COLUMBIA,SC 29210, USA. NR 22 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 57 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ER206 UT WOS:A1991ER20600009 PM 1903628 ER PT J AU OREMLAND, RS CULBERTSON, CW WINFREY, MR AF OREMLAND, RS CULBERTSON, CW WINFREY, MR TI METHYLMERCURY DECOMPOSITION IN SEDIMENTS AND BACTERIAL CULTURES - INVOLVEMENT OF METHANOGENS AND SULFATE REDUCERS IN OXIDATIVE DEMETHYLATION SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYL MERCURY PRODUCTION; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; REDUCING BACTERIA; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; DEGRADATION; RESISTANCE; REDUCTION; VOLATILIZATION; ACETYLENE; SALINITY AB Demethylation of monomethylmercury in freshwater and estuarine sediments and in bacterial cultures was investigated with (CH3HgI)-C-14. Under anaerobiosis, results with inhibitors indicated partial involvement of both sulfate reducers and methanogens, the former dominating estuarine sediments, while both were active in freshwaters. Aerobes were the most significant demethylators in estuarine sediments, but were unimportant in freshwater sediments. Products of anaerobic demethylation were mainly (CO2)-C-14 as well as lesser amounts of (CH4)-C-14. Acetogenic activity resulted in fixation of some (CO2)-C-14 produced from (CH3HgI)-C-14 into acetate. Aerobic demethylation in estuarine sediments produced only (CH4)-C-14, while aerobic demethylation in freshwater sediments produced small amounts of both (CH4)-C-14 and (CO2)-C-14. Two species of Desulfovibrio produced only traces of (CH4)-C-14 from (CH3HgI)-C-14, while a culture of a methylotrophic methanogen formed traces of (CO2)-C-14 and (CH4)-C-14 when grown on trimethylamine in the presence of the (CH3HgI)-C-14. These results indicate that both aerobes and anaerobes demethylate mercury in sediments, but that either group may dominate in a particular sediment type. Aerobic demethylation in the estuarine sediments appeared to proceed by the previously characterized organomercurial-lyase pathway, because methane was the sole product. However, aerobic demethylation in freshwater sediments as well as anaerobic demethylation in all sediments studied produced primarily carbon dioxide. This indicates the presence of an oxidative pathway, possibly one in which methylmercury serves as an analog of one-carbon substrates. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BIOL & MICROBIOL,LA CROSSE,WI 54601. RP OREMLAND, RS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Guzman Bernardo, Francisco Javier/E-4183-2010 OI Guzman Bernardo, Francisco Javier/0000-0002-2210-8309 NR 39 TC 137 Z9 147 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 57 IS 1 BP 130 EP 137 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ER206 UT WOS:A1991ER20600018 PM 16348388 ER PT J AU HINKLE, ME AF HINKLE, ME TI SEASONAL AND GEOTHERMAL PRODUCTION VARIATIONS IN CONCENTRATIONS OF HE AND CO2 IN SOIL GASES, ROOSEVELT HOT-SPRINGS KNOWN GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AREA, UTAH, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB To increase understanding of natural variations in soil gas concentrations, CO2, He, O2 and N2 were measured in soil gases collected regularly for several months from four sites at the Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area, Utah. Soil temperature, air temperature, per cent relative humidity, barometric pressure and amounts of rain and snowfall were also monitored to determine the effect of meteorological parameters on concentrations of the measured gases. Considerable seasonal variation existed in concentrations of CO2 and He. The parameters that most affected the soil-gas concentrations were soil and air temperatures. Moisture from rain and snow probably affected the soil-gas concentrations also. However, annual variations in meterological parameters did not appear to affect measurements of anomalous concentrations in samples collected within a time period of a few days. Production from some of the geothermal wells probably affected the soil-gas concentrations. RP HINKLE, ME (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25026,MAIL STOP 973,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PY 1991 VL 6 IS 1 BP 35 EP 47 DI 10.1016/0883-2927(91)90061-S PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EU470 UT WOS:A1991EU47000003 ER PT J AU AXTMANN, EV LUOMA, SN AF AXTMANN, EV LUOMA, SN TI LARGE-SCALE DISTRIBUTION OF METAL CONTAMINATION IN THE FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENTS OF THE CLARK FORK RIVER, MONTANA, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Historic discharges from the mining and smelting complex at the head-waters of the Clark Fork River have resulted in elevated Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations in the < 60-mu-m fraction of both bed and flood-plain sediments of the river. Processes affecting the trends in longitudinal distributions of these metals were investigated by repeated sampling over a 380 km river reach between August 1986 and July 1989. At the most upstream site, bed-sediment metal concentrations were enriched 18-115 times above least enriched tributaries, depending on the metal. All metals decreased exponentially with distance downstream away from mining. The exponential model predicts that elevated metal concentrations should occur over 550 km downstream, in Lake Pend Oreille. Longitudinal trends, obvious on a scale of hundreds of kilometers, were obscured by small-scale spatial variability when shorter stretches of the river were considered. Longitudinal dispersion appeared to be controlled largely by physical dilution with less-contaminated sediments. Evidence suggests that erosion of contaminated flood-plains contributes to metal contamination in the bed sediments. Tributary input appeared to have little influence on the large-scale, downstream distribution of metals; however, it did contribute to local variability in bed-sediment metal concentrations. Association of metals with specific mineral grains, as well as variability in total organic C and Fe concentration, appeared also to contribute to variability. Some year-to-year variability in bed-sediment metal concentrations was observed, however, trends in longitudinal dispersion were not significantly different between at least two of the years sampled. RP AXTMANN, EV (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 465,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PY 1991 VL 6 IS 1 BP 75 EP 88 DI 10.1016/0883-2927(91)90064-V PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EU470 UT WOS:A1991EU47000006 ER PT J AU SMITH, CL AF SMITH, CL TI PROPOSED METHOD OF HYDROGEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION FOR SALT DEPOSITS USING CL-BR RATIOS, EASTERN PROVINCE, KINGDOM-OF-SAUDI-ARABIA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Despite the value of the salt (NaCl) and brine used by the chemical industry, geochemical prospecting techniques are not customarily employed in the search for these raw materials. In this study, Br geochemistry is used as the basis for a proposed hydrogeochemical prospecting technique that was designed to search for shallow halite beds in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Near-surface brine samples were collected at Sabkhah Jayb Uwayyid, both directly above and distant from a buried salt bed. Brine samples collected both directly above and offset to the north-west of the salt bed had Cl-Br ratios > 8000. The regional background Cl-Br ratio of fresh nonmarine ground water is approximately 300. The large range in Cl-Br ratios and the association of high Cl-Br ratios with the buried salt body suggest that the ratio can be useful in hydrogeochemical prospecting for sibakh-associated, shallow salt bodies. RP SMITH, CL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,SPOKANE,WA 99201, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PY 1991 VL 6 IS 3 BP 249 EP 255 DI 10.1016/0883-2927(91)90002-7 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FY041 UT WOS:A1991FY04100002 ER PT J AU WANTY, RB JOHNSON, SL BRIGGS, PH AF WANTY, RB JOHNSON, SL BRIGGS, PH TI RN-222 AND ITS PARENT RADIONUCLIDES IN GROUNDWATER FROM 2 STUDY AREAS IN NEW-JERSEY AND MARYLAND, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB A study of groundwater chemistry and radionuclide mobility in New Jersey and Maryland was conducted to investigate natural processes that control the mobility of radionuclides in the water-rock system. Groundwater was sampled from two geological units in New Jersey and from six in Maryland. The water sampled was from aquifers in fractured metamorphic rocks of varying composition and metamorphic grade. In both areas, groundwater chemistry was affected most by aquifer mineralogy and lithology; concentrations of total dissolved U, Ra-226 and Rn-222 were similarly affected. In every sample for which measurements were made, dissolved U(total) and Ra-226 were present in much lower concentrations than Rn-222 when expressed in terms of their radioactivity. On the other hand, the total amount of Rn-222 that could be produced in these rocks, given their U contents, is much higher than the concentrations observed in groundwater. Thus, the emanating efficiencies of the aquifer rocks studied must be near 10% or less. Such low emanating efficiencies require that a fraction of the Ra-226 in the rock be located close to the water-rock interface so that Rn-222, when produced, can be rapidly and efficiently transferred to the aqueous phase. This condition is established when a similar fraction of the U is in a readily leachable position. No known U or Ra solids were supersaturated in any of the samples. Thus, adsorption processes probably play a role in limiting mobilities of U(total) and Ra-226. Concentrations of U(total) and Ra-226 found in the water samples are comparable to those found in experimental studies of adsorption onto mineral surfaces. RP WANTY, RB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 916,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PY 1991 VL 6 IS 3 BP 305 EP 318 DI 10.1016/0883-2927(91)90007-C PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FY041 UT WOS:A1991FY04100007 ER PT J AU PAPP, CSE FILIPEK, LH SMITH, KS AF PAPP, CSE FILIPEK, LH SMITH, KS TI SELECTIVITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF EXTRACTANTS USED TO RELEASE METALS ASSOCIATED WITH ORGANIC-MATTER SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Partial extraction procedures can be used to release metals associated with organic matter in natural materials. Reagents commonly employed for this purpose include hydrogen peroxide, Na hypochlorite and Na pyrophosphate. This study tested the selectivity of these reagents by comparing the amount of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu they released from sulfide and oxide minerals and determined the ability of these reagents to release the same metals from peat. Sodium hypochlorite and Na pyrophosphate released between 0.2 and 8.7% of the total metal content of the Fe, Cu and Zn minerals. In contrast, three commonly used hydrogen peroxide reagents released significantly more metals from the oxides and sulfides. Percentages of Zn and Mn released from the peat samples were comparable for all extractions tested. Per cent Cu released from peat by Na pyrophosphate was very low compared to that released by hydrogen peroxide/HNO3 or Na hypochlorite. A smaller fraction of Fe was released from peat by Na hypochlorite than by the other reagents. Iron release by Na hypochlorite correlates with the organic carbon content of the peat samples. A universal extractant for metals associated with organic matter in all types of samples has not been identified. Sodium hypochlorite and Na pyrophosphate are better than hydrogen peroxide in selectively releasing metals bound to organic matter because they do not release significant amounts of metals from oxide and sulfide minerals. RP PAPP, CSE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS 973,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PY 1991 VL 6 IS 3 BP 349 EP 353 DI 10.1016/0883-2927(91)90010-M PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FY041 UT WOS:A1991FY04100010 ER PT J AU ZIELINSKI, RA BURRUSS, RC AF ZIELINSKI, RA BURRUSS, RC TI PETROGENESIS AND GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF A URANIUM SOURCE ROCK - A CASE-STUDY IN NORTHEASTERN WASHINGTON, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB A small (4 km2) drainage basin in northeastern Washington contains highly uraniferous groundwater and highly uraniferous peaty sediments of Holocene age. The U is derived from granitic bedrock that underlies the entire drainage basin and that contains 9-16 ppm U. This local bedrock was studied by petrographic, chemical and isotopic methods to determine conditions of its petrogenesis and post-emplacement history that may have contributed to its present high U content and source-rock capability. The original magma was derived by anatexis of Precambrian continental crust of probable mixed metaigneous and metasedimentary character. Mineral-melt partitioning controlled the enrichment of U in chemically evolved phases of the crystallizing melt. Following emplacement in the upper crust at approximately 100 Ma, the pluton interacted with meteoric-hydrothermal water at ambient temperatures > 300-degrees-C. Locally intense fracturing promoted alteration, and fracturing and alteration probably continued during later regional uplift in the Eocene. Regional uplift was followed by low-temperature alteration and weathering in the middle to late Tertiary. The combined result of hydrothermal alteration and low-temperature alteration and weathering was the redistribution of U from primary mineral hosts such as allanite to new sites on fracture surfaces and in secondary minerals such as hematite. Zones of highly fractured and altered rock show the most obvious evidence of this process. A model is proposed in which high-angle fractures beneath the drainage basin were the sites of Tertiary supergene enrichments of U. Recent glacio-isostatic uplift has elevated these older enriched zones to shallow levels where they are now being leached by oxidizing groundwater. The chemistry, mineralogy, texture and geological history of this U source-rock suggest criteria for locating other granitic terrane that may contain uraniferous waters and associated young surficial U deposits. The details of U distribution and mobility at this site also apply to the general topic of U mobility in granitic rocks. RP ZIELINSKI, RA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS424,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PY 1991 VL 6 IS 6 BP 597 EP 612 DI 10.1016/0883-2927(91)90072-W PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA HB240 UT WOS:A1991HB24000002 ER PT J AU NIMICK, DA MOORE, JN AF NIMICK, DA MOORE, JN TI PREDICTION OF WATER-SOLUBLE METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN FLUVIALLY DEPOSITED TAILINGS SEDIMENTS, UPPER CLARK FORK VALLEY, MONTANA, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Mine tailings deposited by historic floods contaminate large areas of the upper Clark Fork floodplain. Metal sulfates precipitate on the floodplain surface as byproducts of sulfide weathering and are concentrated by evaporation of soil moisture. These salts dissolve readily releasing high concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and H+ to rainwater and cause periodic fish kills when contaminated runoff reaches the river. A pollution index is proposed to quantify the average enrichment of water-soluble metals over aquatic hazard levels which occur in floodplain surface sediments. A strong correlation between pH and the pollution index was observed. Because the pollution index can be predicted from pH, reconnaissance mapping of metal contamination in surface sediments on the Clark Fork floodplain and in other contaminated river systems can be conducted simply with a pH meter. RP NIMICK, DA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,FED BLDG,DRAWER 10076,HELENA,MT 59626, USA. OI Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192 NR 0 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PY 1991 VL 6 IS 6 BP 635 EP 646 DI 10.1016/0883-2927(91)90074-Y PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA HB240 UT WOS:A1991HB24000004 ER PT J AU LANDA, ER PHILLIPS, EJP LOVLEY, DR AF LANDA, ER PHILLIPS, EJP LOVLEY, DR TI RELEASE OF RA-226 FROM URANIUM MILL TAILINGS BY MICROBIAL FE(III) REDUCTION SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Uranium mill tailings were anaerobically incubated in the presence of H-2 with Alteromonas putrefaciens, a bacterium known to couple the oxidation of H-2 and organic compounds to the reduction of Fe(III) oxides. There was a direct correlation between the extent of Fe(III) reduction and the accumulation of dissolved Ra-226. In sterile tailings in which Fe(III) was not reduced, there was negligible leaching of Ra-226. The behavior of Ba was similar to that of Ra in inoculated and sterile systems. These results demonstrate that under anaerobic conditions, microbial reduction of Fe(III) may result in the release of dissolved Ra-226 from uranium mill tailings. RP LANDA, ER (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PY 1991 VL 6 IS 6 BP 647 EP 652 DI 10.1016/0883-2927(91)90075-Z PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA HB240 UT WOS:A1991HB24000005 ER PT J AU MARKIW, ME AF MARKIW, ME TI WHIRLING DISEASE - EARLIEST SUSCEPTIBLE AGE OF RAINBOW-TROUT TO THE TRIACTINOMYXID OF MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID MYXOSOMA-CEREBRALIS; LIFE-CYCLE; MYXOZOA AB Various developmental stages of eyed eggs and newly hatched sac fry of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to several concentrations of laboratory produced spores of the triactinomyxon stage of Myxobolus cerebralis, the infective stage of salmonid whirling disease. Exposed eggs and sac fry and appropriate unexposed controls were examined-microscopically immediately after challenge for the presence of initial forms of the disease and 4 months later for the presence of spores of the myxosporean stage of Myxobolus cerebralis in resulting fingerlings. Although initial forms of whirling disease shown as intracellular aggregates of small sporozoites (sporoplasms) 1.5-2.0 mu-m in diameter were found in the epithelium of eyed eggs a few hours before hatching and in 1-day-old sac fry, the resulting fingerlings examined 4 months later were free of M. cerebralis spores. The youngest sac fry. This result indicates that the distribution of eyed eggs from water contaminated with whirling disease should not pose a threat of spreading the disease into non-endemic areas. RP MARKIW, ME (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISH HLTH RES LAB,BOX 700,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 17 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JAN 1 PY 1991 VL 92 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(91)90003-P PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ET633 UT WOS:A1991ET63300001 ER PT J AU KING, KA CUSTER, TW QUINN, JS AF KING, KA CUSTER, TW QUINN, JS TI EFFECTS OF MERCURY, SELENIUM, AND ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS ON REPRODUCTION OF FORSTER TERNS AND BLACK SKIMMERS NESTING IN A CONTAMINATED TEXAS BAY SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROWN PELICAN EGGS; AQUATIC BIRD EGGS; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; MALLARD DUCKLINGS; METAL RESIDUES; SUCCESS; FISH; METHYLMERCURY; POLLUTANTS; ONTARIO AB Mean mercury (0.40-mu-g/g), and geometric mean DDE (1.6-mu-g/g) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) (2.3-mu-g/g) concentrations in Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) eggs from Lavaca Bay were higher than those in tern eggs from a reference area in San Antonio Bay, but residues were not correlated with hatching sucess. Nest success was similar between bays. Selenium levels in Lavaca Bay tern eggs (0.71-mu-g/g) were also comparable to those in eggs from the reference area (0.68-mu-g/g). Clutch size (3.1 to 3.4) of Lavaca Bay black skimmers (Rynchops niger) was no different than that (3.4) at a reference colony near Laguna Vista. Nest success was similar among three Lavaca Bay colonies, but success was lower at on Lavaca Bay colony (40%) than at Laguna Vista (65%). Mean mercury (0.46-mu-g/g) and selenium (0.75-mu-g/g) concentrations in skimmer eggs from Lavaca Bay were higher than those (0.19, 0.33-mu-g/g) from Laguna Vista; however, concentrations of neither contaminant were related to hatching success. DDE concentrations in Lavaca Bay skimmer eggs (3.4-mu-g/g) were similar to those from Laguna Vista (3.2-mu-g/g) and DDE was negatively correlated with hatching success. PCBs were higher in eggs from Lavaca Bay (1.3-mu-g/g) than Laguna Vista (0.8-mu-g/g). Organochlorine and metal contaminants in most eggs were below embryotoxic levels. Eggshell thinning in Forster's terns (7%) and black skimmers (5%) was below that associated with lowered reproduction. DDE and PCBs were detected in 9 Caspian tern (S. caspia) eggs; maximum concentrations were 4.7 and 5.4-mu-g/g. Caspian tern and least tern (S. albifrons) eggs contained low (less-than-or-equal-to-0.9-mu-g/g) concentrations of mercury and selenium. C1 QUEENS UNIV,DEPT BIOL,KINGSTON K7L 3N6,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP KING, KA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 48 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 32 EP 40 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA ER204 UT WOS:A1991ER20400006 PM 1899991 ER PT J AU BANKS, RC AF BANKS, RC TI ON FORMING AN ORNITHOLOGICAL COUNCIL SO AUK LA English DT Letter RP BANKS, RC (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,NERC,BIOL SURVEY GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20240, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 1991 VL 108 IS 1 BP 208 EP 209 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EY490 UT WOS:A1991EY49000035 ER PT J AU DOCHERTY, DE LONG, RIR FLICKINGER, EL LOCKE, LN AF DOCHERTY, DE LONG, RIR FLICKINGER, EL LOCKE, LN TI ISOLATION OF POXVIRUS FROM DEBILITATING CUTANEOUS LESIONS ON 4 IMMATURE GRACKLES (QUISCALUS SP) SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Poxvirus was isolated from nodules on four immature grackles (Quiscalus sp.) collected in two residential areas of Victoria, Texas. All of the birds were emaciated and had nodules on the eyelids, bill, legs, toes, and areas of the skin on the wings, neck, and ventral abdomen. These pox nodules were extensive and probably interfered with both sight and flight. The preliminary diagnosis was confirmed by virus isolation, histopathology, and electron microscopy. Poxvirus was isolated on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated hen's eggs and in Muscovy duck embryo fibroblast cell culture. Pbaenicia callipboridae (blowfly) larvae were found in one of the pox nodules, raising the possibility of mechanical transmission of the virus by contaminated adult blowfiles. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,GULF COAST RES STN,VICTORIA,TX 77902. RP DOCHERTY, DE (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WILDLIFE HLTH RES CTR,6006 SCHROEDER RD,MADISON,WI 53711, USA. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 35 IS 1 BP 244 EP 247 DI 10.2307/1591324 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EZ027 UT WOS:A1991EZ02700039 PM 1851418 ER PT J AU GILLESPIE, RB FACEMIRE, CF GUTTMAN, SI AF GILLESPIE, RB FACEMIRE, CF GUTTMAN, SI TI CRYPTIC VARIATION IN ELECTROPHORETICALLY-DETECTED ALLOZYMES OF CADDISFLY LARVAE (HYDROPSYCHE-SIMULANS, HYDROPSYCHE-BIFIDA) AND SPOTFIN SHINERS (NOTROPIS-SPILOPTERUS) - IMPLICATIONS FOR ALLELE AND GENOTYPE DETERMINATIONS SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HYDROPSYCHE-SIMULANS; HYDROPSYCHE-BIFIDA; NOTROPIS-SPILOPTERUS; CRYPTIC VARIATION; ELECTROPHORESIS; ALLELE; GENOTYPE DETERMINATIONS AB Electrophoretic patterns of certain allozymes for the same individuals of Hydropsyche simulans, Hydropsyche bifida and Notropis spilopterus varied between gel types. A new scoring protocol combined the results of scores from both gel types to include cryptic variation in the ultimate allele and genotype designations. Cryptic variation, when detected, may provide a more accurate measure of electrophoretically-detected genetic variability than single-gel protocols. C1 SUNY COLL FREDONIA,CTR ENVIRONM RESOURCES,FREDONIA,NY 14063. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,VERO BEACH,FL 32961. MIAMI UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,OXFORD,OH 45056. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PY 1991 VL 19 IS 7 BP 541 EP 548 DI 10.1016/0305-1978(91)90094-G PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA GW446 UT WOS:A1991GW44600003 ER PT J AU BARON, J MCKNIGHT, D DENNING, AS AF BARON, J MCKNIGHT, D DENNING, AS TI SOURCES OF DISSOLVED AND PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATERIAL IN LOCH VALE WATERSHED, ROCKY-MOUNTAIN-NATIONAL-PARK, COLORADO, USA SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DOC; ALPINE LAKES; AUTOCHTHONOUS; ALLOCHTHONOUS; SUB-ALPINE LAKES; CARBON ISOTOPES ID AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; OLIGOTROPHIC LAKE; CARBON; ALUMINUM; DEPOSITION; MARINE; ORIGIN AB The sources of both dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) to an alpine (Sky Pond) and a subalpine lake (The Loch) in Rocky Mountain National Park were explored for four years. The importance of both autochthonous and allochthonous sources of organic matter differ, not only between alpine and subalpine locations, but also seasonally. Overall, autochthonous sources dominate the organic carbon of the alpine lake, while allochthonous sources are a more significant source of organic carbon to the subalpine lake. In the alpine lake, Sky Pond, POC makes up greater than one third of the total organic matter content of the water column, and is related to phytoplankton abundance. Dissolved organic carbon is a product of within-lake activity in Sky Pond except during spring snowmelt and early summer (May-July), when stable carbon isotope ratios suggest a terrestrial source. In the subalpine lake, The Loch, DOC is a much more important constituent of water column organic material than POC, comprising greater than 90% of the spring snowmelt organic matter. and greater than 75% of the organic matter over the rest of the year. Stable carbon isotope ratios and a very strong relation of DOC with soluble Al(tot) indicate DOC concentrations are almost entirely related to flushing of soil water from the surrounding watershed during spring snowmelt. Stable carbon isotope ratios indicate that, for both lakes, phytoplankton is an important source of DOC in the winter, while terrestrial material of plant or microbial origin contributes DOC during snowmelt and summer. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,NAT RESOURCE ECOL LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,DENVER,CO 80225. RP BARON, J (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,NATL PK SERV,DIV WATER RESOURCES,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. RI Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016; OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251; MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 NR 55 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 16 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PY 1991 VL 15 IS 2 BP 89 EP 110 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA HP373 UT WOS:A1991HP37300002 ER PT J AU DODD, CK AF DODD, CK TI THE STATUS OF THE RED HILLS SALAMANDER PHAEOGNATHUS-HUBRICHTI, ALABAMA, USA, 1976-1988 SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID FOREST AB A total of 144 sites in the Red Hills Physiographic Province in south-central Alabama, USA, were surveyed in 1988 for burrows of the Red Hills salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti. Of 92 sites surveyed in 1976, no change occurred in the habitat at 54 sites, conditions improved at 19 sites and deteriorated at 18 sites following selective or clear cutting. An additional 14 of 52 sites not surveyed in 1976 were adversely affected by logging. Burrows were most often found on high (xBAR = 17 m), steep (xBAR = 50-degrees), uncut slopes containing a high soil moisture content (xBAR = 57%) and full tree canopy. Slope angle and soil pH did not affect burrow abundance. Burrow openings averaged 10.9 mm high x 15.3 mm wide. Burrow angle was negatively correlated with burrow width and slope angle but low r2 values indicate that little of the variation was explained by these variables. Burrows were most often found on the upper two-thirds of slopes; burrows on slopes affected by cutting were found in the middle of the slope where they were less prone to disturbance and desiccation. Although most timber companies claim to no longer cut steep slopes in order to protect salamanders, detrimental forestry practices are still occurring. In some instances, Red Hills salamanders survive selective and clear cutting, but the persistence and viability of affected populations remain unknown. Suggestions are made to reduce impacts from forestry operations. Acquisition of 25 sites containing viable salamander populations and retention as a threatened species under United States federal law are recommended. RP DODD, CK (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,412 NE 16TH AVE,ROOM 250,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601, USA. NR 33 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PY 1991 VL 55 IS 1 BP 57 EP 75 DI 10.1016/0006-3207(91)90005-T PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ045 UT WOS:A1991EJ04500004 ER PT J AU WILEY, JW POST, W CRUZ, A AF WILEY, JW POST, W CRUZ, A TI CONSERVATION OF THE YELLOW-SHOULDERED BLACKBIRD AGELAIUS-XANTHOMUS, AN ENDANGERED WEST-INDIAN SPECIES SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID SHINY COWBIRD; PUERTO-RICO; PARASITISM AB The yellow-shouldered blackbird Agelaius xanthomus, endemic to Puerto Rico and Mona Island, is endangered, mainly because of brood parasitism by the shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis, which reached Puerto Rico at least 30 years ago. The yellow-shouldered blackbird populations have since declined, about 770-1200 remaining (470-900 on Mona Island) by 1982-1986 compared to a population of about 2400 in 1975. Nearly all nests of blackbirds in most of its habitats are parasitized by cowbirds. This significantly reduces nesting success, but blackbirds have evolved no defenses against brood parasitism. Removal of cowbirds from the yellow-shouldered blackbird nesting grounds, modeled after similar programmes for the brown-headed cowbird Molothrus ater on Kirtland's warbler Dendroica kirtlandii nesting areas, significantly increased blackbird production. Blackbirds readily accept nest boxes, and breeding populations can be established in otherwise unusable sites and can be concentrated in mangrove habitats, where they are more easily protected by cowbird removal. Furthermore, yellow-shouldered blackbird pairs using cavities, including nest boxes, fledged more young per nest than pairs using open nests. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ENVIRONM POPULAT & ORGANISM BIOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PY 1991 VL 55 IS 2 BP 119 EP 138 DI 10.1016/0006-3207(91)90052-B PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EQ268 UT WOS:A1991EQ26800001 ER PT B AU DUTRO, JT ISAACSON, PE AF DUTRO, JT ISAACSON, PE BE MACKINNON, DI LEE, DE CAMPBELL, JD TI LOWER CARBONIFEROUS BRACHIOPODS FROM SIERRA-DE-ALMEIDA, NORTHERN CHILE SO BRACHIOPODS THROUGH TIME LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2ND INTERNATIONAL BRACHIOPOD CONGRESS : BRACHIOPODS THROUGH TIME CY FEB 05-09, 1990 CL UNIV OTAGO, DUNEDIN, NEW ZEALAND SP ROYAL SOC NEW ZEALAND, INT PALEONTOL ASSOC, INT UNION BIOL SCI HO UNIV OTAGO RP DUTRO, JT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20242, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA ROTTERDAM BN 90-6191-160-5 PY 1991 BP 327 EP 332 PG 6 WC Geology; Paleontology; Zoology SC Geology; Paleontology; Zoology GA BS57E UT WOS:A1991BS57E00044 ER PT J AU MCCABE, PJ AF MCCABE, PJ TI TECTONIC CONTROLS ON COAL ACCUMULATION SO BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE GEOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON COAL : FORMATION, OCCURENCE AND RELATED PROPERTIES CY SEP 12-15, 1989 CL ORLEANS, FRANCE DE COAL ACCUMULATION; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; TECTONIC CONTROLS; FORELAND BASINS ID PEAT; MODEL; BASIN; SEDIMENTARY; SEQUENCES; DELTA AB Coals are present in all types of sedimentary basins where terrestrial strata are preserved. Many of the major coal deposits of the world, however, are in foreland basins. These basins are optimal sites for coal accumulation because they have tectonic subsidence rates that are similar to coal accumulation rates. Foreland basins neither subside so rapidly that mires drown below rising water tables, nor so slowly that inundation by clastics or climatic changes occur before the mires can accumulate thick peats. RP MCCABE, PJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,FED CTR MS 972,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. OI McCabe, Peter/0000-0001-5262-1018 NR 46 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC GEOL FRANCE PI PARIS PA 77 RUE CLAUDE BERNARD, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0037-9409 J9 B SOC GEOL FR JI Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr. PY 1991 VL 162 IS 2 BP 277 EP 282 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FG603 UT WOS:A1991FG60300016 ER PT J AU DUSTAN, P LIDZ, BH SHINN, EA AF DUSTAN, P LIDZ, BH SHINN, EA TI IMPACT OF EXPLORATORY WELLS, OFFSHORE FLORIDA - A BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REEF; RECORD; RATES AB Seven offshore exploratory oil well sites were examined in an effort to determine the ecological impact of exploratory drilling on the subtropical marine ecosystems of southern Florida, including seagrass beds and coral reefs. The time since drilling ranged from 2 to 29 years; water depths varied between 5 and 70 m. The major long-term ecological impact observed at these sites ranged from the creation of "artificial-reef" conditions to the physical destruction of hardbottom habitat that had not recovered in 29 years. Long-term ecological perturbation appeared to be limited to physical destruction and the deposition of drilling debris, which provided substratum for settling organisms. Significant deposits of drill muds or cuttings were not encountered at any of the sites, and there was no evidence of ecological damage from cuttings or drill muds. The results of this study pertain only to exploratory drilling that, unlike production wells that remain in place for tens of years, is a one-time perturbation to the habitat. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,PETERSBURG,FL 33701. RP DUSTAN, P (reprint author), COLL CHARLESTON,DEPT BIOL,CHARLESTON,SC 29424, USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 48 IS 1 BP 94 EP 124 PG 31 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA FC807 UT WOS:A1991FC80700007 ER PT J AU FRUGE, DJ WISWAR, DW AF FRUGE, DJ WISWAR, DW TI 1ST RECORDS OF THE BERING WOLFFISH, ANARHICHAS-ORIENTALIS, FOR THE ALASKAN BEAUFORT SEA SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Note DE BERING WOLFFISH; ANARHICHAS-ORIENTALIS; NEW RECORDS; ALASKA; BEAUFORT SEA AB The first recorded captures of Bering Wolffish, Anarhichas orientalis, in the Alaska Beaufort Sea are reported. Three immature individuals of the Bering Wolffish were taken by fyke net on 19 July, 8 August, and 15 August 1987 in Camden Bay on the northeast Alaskan coast. Two of the Bering Wolffish were preserved as reference specimens. RP FRUGE, DJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ECOL SERV FIELD OFF,711 STADIUM DR E,SUITE 252,ARLINGTON,TX 76011, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA BOX 3264 POSTAL STATION C, OTTAWA ON K1Y 4J5, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 105 IS 1 BP 107 EP 109 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FR496 UT WOS:A1991FR49600021 ER PT J AU RATCLIFFE, NM ALEINIKOFF, JN BURTON, WC KARABINOS, P AF RATCLIFFE, NM ALEINIKOFF, JN BURTON, WC KARABINOS, P TI TRONDHJEMITIC, 1.35-1.31 GA GNEISSES OF THE MOUNT HOLLY COMPLEX OF VERMONT - EVIDENCE FOR AN ELZEVIRIAN EVENT IN THE GRENVILLE BASEMENT OF THE UNITED-STATES APPALACHIANS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION; EASTERN ONTARIO; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; PROVINCE; GEOCHRONOLOGY; OROGENY AB A newly recognized suite of trondhjemite-tonalite and dacitic gneiss forms a 10 km wide belt of rocks within the Mount Holly Complex in the central part of the Green Mountain massif of Vermont. Field relationships and chemistry indicate that these gneisses are calc-alkaline, volcanic, and hypabyssal plutonic rocks older than the Middle Proterozoic regional deformation that affected the Mount Holly Complex. U-Pb zircon dates indicate ages as great as 1.35 Ga for crystallization of the volcanic protoliths and for intrusion of crosscutting trondhjemite. Tonalitic plutonism continued until 1.31 Ga. Map-scale contacts between the trondhjemitic-tonalitic-dacitic gneisses and the paragneiss sequence of the Mount Holly Complex are sharp, suggesting that the volcanic rocks of the trondhjemite-tonalite suite underlie the paragneiss units and do not intrude them. These relationships suggest that the trondhjemite-tonalite suite is either considerably older than, and uncomfortable beneath, the paragneiss cover rocks or represents a volcanic edifice slightly older than the deposition of the sedimentary precursor to the paragneiss units. The paragneiss and tonalite-trondhjemite gneisses are both intruded by younger granitoids that were intruded at about 1.25 Ga during strong dynamothermal metamorphism. The trondhjemitic gneisses of the Mount Holly Complex of Vermont have high Al2O3 and low Yb contents and light rare-earth element enrichment patterns that are more characteristic of continental than oceanic volcanic arcs. The Mount Holly intrusives and volcanics may have formed during 1.35-1.31 Ga ensialic volcanic-arc activity, contemporaneous with ensimatic arc activity during the early part of the Elzevirian phase of the Grenville orogeny. In Vermont, later deformation and granite intrusion at about 1.25 Ga coincide with the major pulse of the Elzevirian orogeny and associated trondhjemitic plutonism in the Central Metasedimentary Belt of eastern Canada. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. WILLIAMS COLL, DEPT GEOL, WILLIAMSTOWN, MA 01267 USA. RP RATCLIFFE, NM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, MS 926, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. NR 35 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 EI 1480-3313 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 28 IS 1 BP 77 EP 93 DI 10.1139/e91-007 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FE206 UT WOS:A1991FE20600007 ER PT J AU STANLEY, JG PEOPLES, RA MCCANN, JA AF STANLEY, JG PEOPLES, RA MCCANN, JA TI UNITED-STATES FEDERAL-POLICIES, LEGISLATION, AND RESPONSIBILITIES RELATED TO IMPORTATION OF EXOTIC FISHES AND OTHER AQUATIC ORGANISMS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE ECOLOGICAL AND GENETIC IMPLICATIONS OF FISH INTRODUCTIONS CY MAY 17-19, 1990 CL UNIV WINDSOR, GREAT LAKES INST, WINDSOR, CANADA HO UNIV WINDSOR, GREAT LAKES INST ID INTRODUCTIONS; LAKES AB Within the Federal government, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) has primary responsibility for legal and policy responsibility for introduced exotic species. The Lacey Act of 1990 authorizes the Service to prohibit the importation of species that are potentially injurious to native fish and wildlife. However, regulations under authority of the Lacey Act cover only a few species. The Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act of 1990 established a Task Force co-chaired by the Director of the Service and Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere. The Task Force consults with the Secretary of Transportation to develop regulations to prevent the importation and spread of aquatic nuisance species into the Great Lakes through exchange of ballast water. Federal agencies must comply with Presidential Executive Order 1198, Exotic Organisms, that prohibits Federal agencies or activities they fund or authorize from introducing exotic species. The Service conducts research and evaluation of exotic species to support Federal, State, and local efforts to prevent further importation of harmful species. Effective regulation will also depend on the full cooperation with Canada. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,DIV FISH & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE,ARLINGTON,VA 22203. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GAINESVILLE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32606. RP STANLEY, JG (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,1451 GREEN RD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PY 1991 VL 48 SU 1 BP 162 EP 166 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA HB543 UT WOS:A1991HB54300018 ER PT J AU VANROESSEL, JW AF VANROESSEL, JW TI A NEW APPROACH TO PLANE-SWEEP OVERLAY - TOPOLOGICAL STRUCTURING AND LINE-SEGMENT CLASSIFICATION SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE MAP OVERLAY; POLYGON OVERLAY; TOPOLOGICAL STRUCTURING; ATTRIBUTE PROPAGATION; LINE-SEGMENT CLASSIFICATION; PLANE-SWEEP; VECTOR PROCESSING ID ALGORITHMS RP VANROESSEL, JW (reprint author), TGS TECHNOL INC,CTR EROS DATA,US GEOL SURVEY,SIOUX FALLS,SD 57198, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONGR SURVEYING & MAPPING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1050-9844 J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INFORM PD JAN PY 1991 VL 18 IS 1 BP 49 EP 67 DI 10.1559/152304091783805572 PG 19 WC Geography SC Geography GA EX479 UT WOS:A1991EX47900005 ER PT J AU LEIKER, TJ ROSTAD, CE BARNES, CR PEREIRA, WE AF LEIKER, TJ ROSTAD, CE BARNES, CR PEREIRA, WE TI A RECONNAISSANCE STUDY OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN CATFISH FROM THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND ITS MAJOR TRIBUTARIES SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article AB Blue catfish, (ictarurus furcatus), black bullhead catfish, (ictalurus melas), channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), and flathead catfish (pylodictus olivaris), were collected along a 1200 mile river reach of the Mississippi River and its major tributaries. Tissue samples were extracted and analyzed by fused silica capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to determine the concentrations of hydrophobic organic halogenated contaminants that have bioconcentrated within the tissues. The compounds identified in the tissue include chlordane, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT and its metabolites along with several other chlorinated pesticides. The data indicates that the southern reach of the river system appears to be more contaminated than the middle and upper reaches of the study area. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RALEIGH,NC 27602. US GEOL SURVEY,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. RP LEIKER, TJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MAIL STOP 411,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PY 1991 VL 23 IS 7 BP 817 EP 829 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(91)90087-T PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HD873 UT WOS:A1991HD87300001 ER PT J AU CUSTER, TW PETERSON, DW AF CUSTER, TW PETERSON, DW TI GROWTH-RATES OF GREAT EGRET, SNOWY EGRET AND BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT-HERON CHICKS SO COLONIAL WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE GROWTH; GREAT EGRET; CASMERODIUS-ALBUS; SNOWY EGRET; EGRETTA-THULA; BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT-HERON; NYCTICORAX-NYCTICORAX; TEXAS; RHODE-ISLAND AB Growth rates of Great Egret (Casmerodius albus), Snowy Egret (Egretta thula), and Black-crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) chicks to 18 days-of-age were estimated from repeated measurements of chicks in broods of three young. Weight gain (g/day) or increase in length (mm/day) of forearm, tarsus, or culmen did not differ between Black-crowned Night-Heron chicks at a colony in Rhode Island and a colony in Texas. In Black-crowned Night-Herons and Great Egrets, the last chick (C-chick) to hatch had lower growth rates than the first (A-) or second (B-) hatched chick. Black-crowned Night-Heron and Great Egret A-chicks gained weight faster than Snowy Egret A-chicks; however, growth rates of the forearm, tarsus, or culmen each were not different among the three species. Equations based on the growth rate of culmen, forearm, or tarsus for repeatedly measured A-chicks estimated age of Great Egret, Snowy Egret, and Black-crowned Night-Heron chicks collected elsewhere to within two days of known age. RP CUSTER, TW (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,GULF COAST RES STN,POB 2506,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 0 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 10 PU COLONIAL WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0738-6028 J9 COLON WATERBIRD JI Colon. Waterbirds PY 1991 VL 14 IS 1 BP 46 EP 50 DI 10.2307/1521278 PG 5 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA FN821 UT WOS:A1991FN82100008 ER PT J AU SPENDELOW, JA AF SPENDELOW, JA TI POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL AND RECRUITMENT OF KNOWN-ORIGIN ROSEATE TERNS (STERNA-DOUGALLII) AT FALKNER ISLAND, CONNECTICUT SO COLONIAL WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE CONNECTICUT; DISPERSAL; FALKNER ISLAND; MASSACHUSETTS; NEW-YORK; POPULATION DYNAMICS; RECRUITMENT; ROSEATE TERN; STERNA-DOUGALLII; SURVIVAL AB From 1981-1990, 166 (10.1%) of 1636 Roseate Tern (Sterna dougallii) chicks banded from 1978-1985 at Falkner island, Connecticut, and 68 (1.0%) of 6904 chicks banded during the same time period at all other colony sites in Connecticut, New York, and Massachusetts, were recaptured as breeding adults at Falkner Island. An analysis of the recapture data of the natal-site recruits resulted in an estimated average survival-and-return rate of 14.7% for the 3-yr period from fledging to first breeding. Assuming a 10% "permanent" emigration rate of surviving young to other colony sites, the overall prebreeding survival or maturation rate to age 3 of all fledglings raised at Falkner Island from 1978-1985 was estimated to be about 16%. The 1636 chicks banded at Falkner Island comprised only 19.7% of the total of 8540 chicks banded in the three-state area, but the 166 adults that returned to their natal colony site accounted for 71.4% of the 234 known-age survivors from the 1978-1985 cohorts that had nested at Falkner Island through 1990. The recapture as adults of birds first banded as chicks provides an estimate of the maximum degree to which the breeding population at this site was sustained by natal-site recruitment. The capture of a large number of unbanded birds and birds banded as adults elsewhere indicates, however, that about two-thirds of the recent additions to the Roseate Tern breeding population at Falkner Island were immigrants recruited from other colony sites. RP SPENDELOW, JA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,MIGRATORY BIRD RES BRANCH,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU COLONIAL WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0738-6028 J9 COLON WATERBIRD JI Colon. Waterbirds PY 1991 VL 14 IS 2 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.2307/1521498 PG 8 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA GR951 UT WOS:A1991GR95100005 ER PT J AU CUSTER, TW AF CUSTER, TW TI GREEN COLORATION OF RECENTLY LAID BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT-HERON EGGS SO COLONIAL WATERBIRDS LA English DT Note DE BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT-HERON; NYCTICORAX-NYCTICORAX; COLOR; EGGS; LAYING ORDER AB Color of Black-crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) eggs of known laying order was quantified in a Wisconsin colony. Eggs were of greener intensity on the day of laying and one day thereafter than earlier laid eggs within a clutch. Egg color can be used to identify clutches within one day after clutch completion and to assign laying order within clutches during this period. RP CUSTER, TW (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,N CENT RES GRP,POB 2618,LA CROSSE,WI 54602, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLONIAL WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0738-6028 J9 COLON WATERBIRD JI Colon. Waterbirds PY 1991 VL 14 IS 2 BP 184 EP 185 DI 10.2307/1521510 PG 2 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA GR951 UT WOS:A1991GR95100017 ER PT B AU ANDREWS, ED AF ANDREWS, ED GP NATL RES COUNCIL TI SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN SO COLORADO RIVER ECOLOGY AND DAM MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON COLORADO RIVER ECOLOGY AND DAM MANAGEMENT CY MAY 24-25, 1989 CL SANTA FE, NM RP ANDREWS, ED (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-309-04535-5 PY 1991 BP 54 EP 74 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BV43N UT WOS:A1991BV43N00004 ER PT J AU CONGLETON, JL WAGNER, EJ AF CONGLETON, JL WAGNER, EJ TI ACUTE-PHASE HYPOFERREMIC RESPONSE TO LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE IN RAINBOW-TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; SERUM IRON; ENDOTOXIN; INFECTION; CELLS; FISH; ZINC; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INTERLEUKIN-1; LACTOFERRIN AB 1. Iron concentrations in the plasma of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, decreased after the fist were injected i.p. with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from smooth and rough strains of two species of Gram-negative bacteria. The total iron-binding capacity of the blood was unchanged after LPS injection. 2. Transferrin saturation (estimated as plasma iron x 100/total iron-binding capacity) was 20-38% in uninjected and saline-injected fish, decreasing to 8-18% 24 hr after injection of 1 mg/kg LPS. 3. Plasma iron concentrations were lowest at 48-72 hr after i.v. LPS administration, returning to normal concentrations by 96-120 hr. 4. The minimum LPS dose inducing significant hypoferremia in rainbow trout was 10-mu-g/kg. This is a lower dose than is required for induction of hypoferremia in some endothermic species. RP CONGLETON, JL (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,DEPT FISH & WILDLIFE RESOURCES,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PY 1991 VL 98 IS 2 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90519-I PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA EX929 UT WOS:A1991EX92900005 ER PT J AU ROSENBAUER, RJ AF ROSENBAUER, RJ TI UDATE1 - A COMPUTER-PROGRAM FOR THE CALCULATION OF URANIUM-SERIES ISOTOPIC AGES SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE FORTRAN; URANIUM-SERIES DATING; APPLE COMPUTER ID FOSSIL CORALS; CARBONATES; TH-230 AB UDATE1 is a FORTRAN-77 program with an interface for an Apple Macintosh computer that calculates isotope activities from measured count rates to date geologic materials by uranium-series disequilibria. Dates on pure samples can be determined directly by the accumulation of Th-230 from U-234 and of Pa-231 from U-235. Dates for samples contaminated by clays containing abundant natural thorium can be corrected by the program using various mixing models. Input to the program and file management are made simple and user friendly by a series of Macintosh modal dialog boxes. RP ROSENBAUER, RJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS-999,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 1 BP 45 EP 75 DI 10.1016/0098-3004(91)90079-S PG 31 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA EU983 UT WOS:A1991EU98300003 ER PT J AU CROVELLI, RA BALAY, RH AF CROVELLI, RA BALAY, RH TI A MICROCOMPUTER PROGRAM FOR ENERGY ASSESSMENT AND AGGREGATION USING THE TRIANGULAR PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTION SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE PETROLEUM RESOURCES ASSESSMENT; RISK ANALYSIS; TRIANGULAR PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION; TURBO PASCAL AB A general risk-analysis method was developed for petroleum-resource assessment and other applications. The triangular probability distribution is used as a model with an analytic aggregation methodology based on probability theory rather than Monte-Carlo simulation. Among the advantages of the analytic method are its computational speed and flexibility, and the saving of time and cost on a microcomputer. The input into the model consists of a set of components (e.g. geologic provinces) and, for each component, three potential resource estimates: minimum, most likely (mode), and maximum. Assuming a triangular probability distribution, the mean, standard deviation, and seven fractiles (F100, F95, F75, F50, F25, F5, and F0) are computed for each component, where for example, the probability of more than F95 is equal to 0.95. The components are aggregated by combining the means, standard deviations, and respective fractiles under three possible siutations (1) perfect positive correlation, (2) complete independence, and (3) any degree of dependence between these two polar situations. A package of computer programs named the TRIAGG system was written in the Turbo Pascal 4.0 language for performing the analytic probabilistic methodology. The system consists of a program for processing triangular probability distribution assessments and aggregations, and a separate aggregation routine for aggregating aggregations. The user's documentation and program diskette of the TRIAGG system are available from USGS Open File Services. TRIAGG requires an IBM-PC/XT/AT compatible microcomputer with 256kbyte of main memory, MS-DOS 3.1 or later, either two diskette drives or a fixed disk, and a 132 column printer. A graphics adapter and color display are optional. C1 METROPOLITAN STATE COLL,DEPT MATH SCI,DENVER,CO 80204. RP CROVELLI, RA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,POB 25046,MS-971,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 2 BP 197 EP 225 DI 10.1016/0098-3004(91)90013-4 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA FA005 UT WOS:A1991FA00500003 ER PT J AU GLYNN, PD AF GLYNN, PD TI MBSSAS - A CODE FOR THE COMPUTATION OF MARGULES PARAMETERS AND EQUILIBRIUM RELATIONS IN BINARY SOLID-SOLUTION AQUEOUS-SOLUTION SYSTEMS SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE SOLID SOLUTION; STOICHIOMETRIC SATURATION; EQUILIBRIUM; EXCESS FREE ENERGY; PHASE DIAGRAMS; DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENT; DISSOLUTION; PRECIPITATION ID SOLUBILITY; THERMODYNAMICS; 25-DEGREES-C; TEMPERATURE; ARAGONITE; CALCITE; MODEL AB The computer code MBSSAS uses two-parameter Margules-type excess-free-energy of mixing equations to calculate thermodynamic equilibrium, pure-phase saturation, and stoichiometric saturation states in binary solid-solution aqueous-solution (SSAS) systems. Lippmann phase diagrams, Roozeboom diagrams, and distribution-coefficient diagrams can be constructed from the output data files, and also can be displayed by MBSSAS (on IBM-PC compatible computers). MBSSAS also will calculate accessory information, such as the location of miscibility gaps, spinodal gaps, critical-mixing points, alyotropic extrema, Henry's law solid-phase activity coefficients, and limiting distribution coefficients. Alternatively, MBSSAS can use such information (instead of the Margules, Guggenheim, or Thompson and Waldbaum excess-free-energy parameters) to calculate the appropriate excess-free-energy of mixing equation for any given SSAS system. RP GLYNN, PD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,432 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 32 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 7 BP 907 EP 966 DI 10.1016/0098-3004(91)90090-Z PG 60 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA GY666 UT WOS:A1991GY66600005 ER PT J AU LUTTSCHWAGER, KA HIGGINS, KF AF LUTTSCHWAGER, KA HIGGINS, KF BE JOYCE, LA MITCHELL, JE SKOLD, MD TI SOME SOCIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM IN THE NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS SO CONSERVATION RESERVE - YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE CONSERVATION RESERVE : YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW CY JAN 14, 1991 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT, GREAT PLAINS AGR COUNCIL, USDA FOREST SERV RP LUTTSCHWAGER, KA (reprint author), S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,S DAKOTA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,BROOKINGS,SD 57007, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1991 VL 203 BP 58 EP 62 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BU16R UT WOS:A1991BU16R00010 ER PT J AU MANNING, CE BOHLEN, SR AF MANNING, CE BOHLEN, SR TI THE REACTION TITANITE + KYANITE = ANORTHITE + RUTILE AND TITANITE-RUTILE BAROMETRY IN ECLOGITES SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONSISTENT THERMODYNAMIC DATA; CENTRAL TAUERN-WINDOW; MINERAL ASSEMBLAGES; EXCHANGE EQUILIBRIA; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ECLOGITE ZONE; WATER; CLINOPYROXENE; GARNET; PLAGIOCLASE AB Titanite and rutile are a common mineral pair in eclogites, and many equilibria involving these phases are potentially useful in estimating pressures of metamorphism. We have reversed one such reaction, CaTiSiO5 + Al2SiO5 = CaAl2Si2O8 + TiO2, Titanite Kyanite Anorthite Rutile using a piston-cylinder apparatus. Titanite + kyanite is the high-pressure assemblage and our results locate the equilibrium between 15.5-15.9, 17.7-17.9, 18.8-19.0, and 20.0-20.2 kb at 900, 1000, 1050, and 1100-degrees-C, respectively. The experiments require a positive dP/dT of between 20.5 and 23.5 bars/degrees-C for the reaction. We use the reversed equilibrium and two other reactions, 3Ca3Al2Si3O12 + 5TiO2 + 2SiO2 + H2O = Grossular Rutile Quartz 2Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) + 5CaTiSiO5 Zoisite Titanite and Ca3Al2Si3O12 + 3TiO2 + SiO2 = 3CaTiSiO5 + Al2SiO5, Grossular Rutile Coesite Titanite Kyanite to calculate metamorphic conditions for three eclogite localities. Using these reactions in conjunction with garnet-clinopyroxene Fe2+-Mg exchange equilibria, conditions of metamorphism were 16 kb and 750-degrees-C for kyanite-eclogites from Glenelg, Scotland, 21 kb and 625-degrees-C for eclogite-facies mica schists from the Tauern Window, Austria, and 46 kb and 850-degrees-C for eclogite-facies biotite gneisses from the Kokchetav Massif, USSR. For the Scottish and Austrian eclogites, the pressures derived from the titanite-rutile reactions provide additional constraints on pressures for these localities, leading to precise estimates of metamorphic conditions. In the case of the Soviet Union eclogites, the results show that the silicate-oxide assemblage is consistent with the remarkable occurrence of diamond inclusions in the garnets. The results of this study suggest that titanite and rutile stably coexist in many eclogites and that titanite solid solutions are ideal or nearly so. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RI Manning, Craig/A-1118-2009 OI Manning, Craig/0000-0002-1463-3701 NR 45 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PY 1991 VL 109 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1007/BF00687196 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA GQ268 UT WOS:A1991GQ26800001 ER PT J AU FARMER, GL BROXTON, DE WARREN, RG PICKTHORN, W AF FARMER, GL BROXTON, DE WARREN, RG PICKTHORN, W TI ND, SR, AND O ISOTOPIC VARIATIONS IN METALUMINOUS ASH-FLOW TUFFS AND RELATED VOLCANIC-ROCKS AT THE TIMBER MOUNTAIN OASIS-VALLEY CALDERA, COMPLEX, SW NEVADA - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF LARGE-VOLUME SILICIC MAGMA BODIES SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHWESTERN NEVADA; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; CENOZOIC BASALTS; SOUTHERN NEVADA; RHYOLITIC MAGMA; TRACE-ELEMENT; IGNEOUS ROCKS; GREAT-BASIN AB Nd, Sr and O isotopic data were obtained from silicic ash-flow tuffs and lavas at the Tertiary age (16-9 Ma) Timber (Mountain/Oasis Valley volcanic center (TMOV) in southern Nevada, to assess models for the origin and evolution of the large-volume silicic magma bodies generated in this region. The large-volume (> 900 km3), chemically-zoned, Topopah Spring (TS) and Tiva Canyon (TC) members of the Paintbrush Tuff, and the Rainier Mesa (RM) and Ammonia Tanks (AT) members of the younger Timber Mountain Tuff all have internal Nd and Sr isotopic zonations. In each tuff, high-silica rhyolites have lower initial epsilon-Nd values (approximately 1 epsilon-Nd unit), higher Sr-87/Sr-86, and lower Nd and Sr contents, than coerupted trachytes. The TS, TC, and RM members have similar epsilon-Nd values for high-silica rhyolites (-11.7 to -11.2) and trachytes (-10.5 to -10.7), but the younger AT member has a higher epsilon-Nd for both compositional types (-10.3 and -9.4). Oxygen isotope data confirm that the TC and AT members were derived from low delta-O-18 magmas. The internal Sr and Nd isotopic variations in each tuff are interpreted to be the result of the incorporation of 20-40% (by mass) wall-rock into magmas that were injected into the upper crust. The low delta-O-18 magmas most likely formed via the incorporation of low delta-O-18, hydrothermally-altered, wall-rock. Small-volume rhyolite lavas and ash-flow tuffs have similar isotopic characteristics to the large-volume ash-flow tuffs, but lavas erupted from extracaldera vents may have interacted with higher delta-O-18 crustal rocks peripheral to the main magma chamber(s). Andesitic lavas from the 13-14 Ma Wahmonie/Salyer volcanic center southeast of the TMOV have low epsilon-Nd (-13.2 to -13.8) and are considered on the basis of textural evidence to be mixtures of basaltic composition magmas and large proportions (70-80%) of anatectic crustal melts. A similar process may have occurred early in the magmatic history of the TMOV. The large-volume rhyolites may represent a mature stage of magmatism after repeated injection of basaltic magmas, crustal melting, and volcanism cleared sufficient space in the upper crust for large magma bodies to accumulate and differentiate. The TMOV rhyolites and 0-10 Ma old basalts that erupted in southern Nevada all have similar Nd and Sr isotopic compositions, which suggests that silicic and mafic magmatism at the TMOV were genetically related. The distinctive isotopic compositions of the AT member may reflect temporal changes in the isotopic compositions of basaltic magmas entering the upper crust, possibly as a result of increasing ''basification'' of a lower crustal magma source by repeated injection of mantle-derived mafic magmas. C1 UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,BOULDER,CO 80309. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,GRP EES-1,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP FARMER, GL (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 58 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PY 1991 VL 109 IS 1 BP 53 EP 68 DI 10.1007/BF00687200 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA GQ268 UT WOS:A1991GQ26800005 ER PT J AU MCGUIRE, AV DYAR, MD NIELSON, JE AF MCGUIRE, AV DYAR, MD NIELSON, JE TI METASOMATIC OXIDATION OF UPPER MANTLE PERIDOTITE SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BENEATH WESTERN VICTORIA; OXYGEN FUGACITY; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; ALKALI BASALTS; SELF-DIFFUSION; REDOX STATE; DISH-HILL; XENOLITHS; OLIVINE; INCLUSIONS AB Examination of Fe3+ in metasomatized spinel peridotite xenoliths reveals new information about metasomatic redox processes. Composite xenoliths from Dish Hill, California possess remnants of magmatic dikes which were the sources of the silicate fluids responsible for metasomatism of the peridotite part of the same xenoliths. Mossbauer spectra of mineral separates taken at several distances from the dike remnants provide data on Fe3+ contents of minerals in the metasomatized peridotite. Clinopyroxenes contain 33% of total iron (Fe-tau) as Fe3+ (Fe3+/Fe-tau = 0.33); orthopyroxenes contain 0.06-0.09 Fe3+/Fe-tau; spinels contain 0.30-0.40 Fe3+/Fe-tau; olivines contain 0.01-0.06 Fe3+/Fe-tau; and metasomatic amphibole in the peridotite contains 0.85-0.90 Fe3+/Fe-tau. In each mineral, Fe3+ and Fe2+ cations per formula unit (p.f.u.) decrease with distance from the dike, but the Fe3+/Fe-tau ratios of each mineral do not vary. Clinopyroxene, spinel, and olivine Fe3+/Fe-tau ratios are significantly higher than in unmetasomatized spinel peridotites. Metasomatic changes in Fe3+/Fe-tau ratios in each mineral are controlled by the oxygen fugacity of the system, but the mechanism by which each phase accommodates this ratio is affected by crystal chemistry, kinetics, rock mode, fluid composition, fluid/rock ratio, and fluid-mineral partition coefficients. Ratio increases in pyroxene and spinel occur by exchange reactions involving diffusion of Fe3+ into existing mineral grains rather than by oxidation of existing Fe2+ in peridotite mineral grains. The very high Fe3+/Fe-tau ratio in the metasomatic amphibole may be a function of the high Fe3+/Fe-tau of the metasomatic fluid, crystal chemical limitations on the amount of Fe3+ that could be accommodated by the pyroxene, spinel, and olivine of the peridotite, and the ability of the amphibole structure to accommodate large amounts of 3 + valence cations. In the samples studied, metasomatic amphibole accounts for half of the bulk-rock Fe2O3. This suggests that patent metasomatism may produce a greater change in the redox state of mantle peridotite than cryptic metasomatism. Comparison of the metasomatized samples with unmetasomatized peridotites reveals that both Fe2+ and Fe3+ cations p.f.u. were increased during metasomatism and 50% or more of iron added was Fe3+. With increasing distance from the dike, the ratio of added Fe3+ to added Fe2+ increases. The high Fe3+/Fe-tau of amphibole and phlogopite in the dikes and in the peridotite, and the high ratios of added Fe3+/added Fe2+ in pyroxenes and spinel suggest that the Fe3+/Fe-tau ratio of the metasomatic silicate fluid was high. As the fluid percolated through and reacted with the peridotite, Fe3+ and C-O-H volatile species were concentrated in the fluid, increasing the fluid Fe3+/Fe-tau. C1 UNIV OREGON,DEPT GEOL SCI,EUGENE,OR 97403. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP MCGUIRE, AV (reprint author), UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT GEOSCI,HOUSTON,TX 77204, USA. NR 41 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PY 1991 VL 109 IS 2 BP 252 EP 264 DI 10.1007/BF00306483 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA GV347 UT WOS:A1991GV34700010 ER PT J AU HILDRETH, W MOORBATH, S AF HILDRETH, W MOORBATH, S TI CRUSTAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO ARC MAGMATISM IN THE ANDES OF CENTRAL CHILE - COMMENT SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Note ID ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; TECTONICS; MANTLE; LAVAS; ZONE; EARTHQUAKE; GEOMETRY; TRENCH; ROCKS C1 UNIV OXFORD,DEPT EARTH SCI,OXFORD OX1 3PR,ENGLAND. RP HILDRETH, W (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PY 1991 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1007/BF00307342 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA FY377 UT WOS:A1991FY37700021 ER PT J AU CLAGUE, DA BOHRSON, WA AF CLAGUE, DA BOHRSON, WA TI ORIGIN OF XENOLITHS IN THE TRACHYTE AT PUU WAAWAA, HUALALAI VOLCANO, HAWAII SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOIHI SEAMOUNT; ULTRAMAFIC XENOLITHS; PETROLOGY; CONSTRAINTS; INCLUSIONS; SYSTEMS AB Rare dunite and 2-pyroxene gabbro xenoliths occur in banded trachyte at Puu Waawaa on Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii. Mineral compositions suggest that these xenoliths formed as cumulates of tholeiitic basalt at shallow depth in a subcaldera magma reservoir. Subsequently, the minerals in the xenoliths underwent subsolidus reequilibration that particularly affected chromite compositions by decreasing their Mg numbers. In addition, olivine lost CaO and plagioclase lost MgO and Fe2O3 during subsolidus reequilibration. The xenoliths also reacted with the host trachyte to form secondary mica, amphibole, and orthopyroxene, and to further modify the compositions of some olivine, clinopyroxene, and spinel grains. The reaction products indicate that the host trachyte melt was hydrous. Clinopyroxene in one dunite sample and olivine in most dunite samples have undergone partial melting, apparently in response to addition of water to the xenolith. These xenoliths do not contain CO2 fluid inclusions, so common in xenoliths from other localities on Hualalai, which suggests that CO2 was introduced from alkalic basalt magma between the time CO2-inclusion-free xenoliths erupted at 106 +/- 6 ka and the time CO2-inclusion-rich xenoliths erupted within the last 15 ka. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT EARTH & SPACE SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP CLAGUE, DA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PY 1991 VL 108 IS 4 BP 439 EP 452 DI 10.1007/BF00303448 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA GK392 UT WOS:A1991GK39200004 ER PT J AU SCOWEN, PAH ROEDER, PL HELZ, RT AF SCOWEN, PAH ROEDER, PL HELZ, RT TI REEQUILIBRATION OF CHROMITE WITHIN KILAUEA IKI LAVA LAKE, HAWAII SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID JIMBERLANA INTRUSION; TRAPPED LIQUID; OLIVINE; DIFFUSION; VOLCANO; CRYSTALLIZATION; OXIDES; SPINEL AB Chromite mainly occurs as tiny inclusions within or at the edges of olivine phenocrysts in the 1959 Kilauea Iki lava lake. Liquidus chromite compositions are only preserved in scoria that was rapidly quenched from eruption temperatures. Analyses of drill core taken from the lava lake in 1960, 1961, 1975, 1979, and 1981 show that chromite becomes richer in Fe+2, Fe+3, Ti and poorer in Mg, Al, Cr than the liquidus chromite. The amount of compositional change depends on the time elapsed since eruption, the cooling history of the sample, the extent of differentiation of the interstitial melt, and the position of the chromite inclusion within the olivine phenocryst. Compositional changes of the chromite inclusions are thought to be a result of reequilibration with the residual melt by cationic diffusion (Mg, Al, Cr outwards and Fe+2, Fe+3, Ti inwards) through olivine. The changing chemical potential gradients produced as the residual melt cools, crystallizes and differentiates drives the reequilibration process. Major and minor element zoning profiles in olivine phenocrysts suggest that volume diffusion through olivine may have been the major mechanism of cationic transport through olivine. The dramatic compositional changes observed in chromite over the 22 years between eruption and 1981 has major implications for other molten bodies. C1 QUEENS UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,KINGSTON K7L 3N6,ONTARIO,CANADA. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 34 TC 107 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PY 1991 VL 107 IS 1 BP 8 EP 20 DI 10.1007/BF00311181 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA EZ579 UT WOS:A1991EZ57900002 ER PT J AU WOODEN, JL CZAMANSKE, GK ZIENTEK, ML AF WOODEN, JL CZAMANSKE, GK ZIENTEK, ML TI A LEAD ISOTOPIC STUDY OF THE STILLWATER COMPLEX, MONTANA - CONSTRAINTS ON CRUSTAL CONTAMINATION AND SOURCE REGIONS SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLATINUM-PALLADIUM REEF; EARTH ELEMENT EVIDENCE; BUSHVELD COMPLEX; BEARTOOTH-MOUNTAINS; ULTRAMAFIC SERIES; MANTLE EVOLUTION; MAGMA EVOLUTION; IGNEOUS COMPLEX; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; AGE AB Analyses of the Pb isotopic compositions of plagioclase from 23 samples covering the stratigraphic thickness of the Stillwater Complex indicate a narrow range of apparent initial isotopic compositions (Pb-206/Pb-204 = 13.95; Pb-207/Pb-204 = 14.95-15.01; Pb-208/Pb-204 = 33.6). The uniformity of our data is in contrast to, but not necessarily contradictory to, other recent investigations which give indications that the complex formed by repeated injection of magmas with at least two distinct compositions that were presumably derived from different source regions. Samples from the Basal series of the complex have consistently higher Pb-207/Pb-204 ratios, suggesting either minor contamination from adjacent country rocks or a slight distinction between parental magmas. Apparent initial Pb isotopic compositions of the complex are very radiogenic compared to Late Archean model-mantle values, but are nearly identical to initial Pb isotopic compositions found for the adjacent, slightly older (2.73-2.79 Ga), Late Archean crustal suite in the Beartooth Mountains. Contamination of magmas parental to the Stillwater Complex by the Late Archean crustal suite is rejected for two reasons: (1) Th and U concentrations in Stillwater rocks and plagioclase are very low (about 0.08 and 0.02 ppm respectively), yet Th/U ratios are uniform at about 4, in contrast to the highly variable (2-26) but often high Th/U ratios found for the Late Archean crustal complex; (2) it seems improbable that any contamination process would have adjusted the isotopic compositions of the diverse magmas entering the Stillwater chamber to near-identical values. The preferred hypothesis to explain the Pb isotopic data for the Stillwater Complex and the associated Late Archean crustal suite involves a major Late Archean crust-forming event that resulted in a compositionally complex crust/mantle system with relatively homogeneous and unusual Pb isotopic compositions. The parental magmas of the Stillwater Complex were generated at different levels within this crust/mantle system, before isotopic contrasts could develop by radioactive decay within compositionally discrete reservoirs. This situation limits the utility of all isotopic tracer systems in discriminating among the various mantle and crustal reserviors that may have affected the final isotopic character of the Stillwater magmas. The Late Archean crustal complex and the Stillwater Complex melts were ultimately derived from the same distinct mantle without obvious direct interaction with the Middle to Early Archean crust present in the region. RP WOODEN, JL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 55 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PY 1991 VL 107 IS 1 BP 80 EP 93 DI 10.1007/BF00311186 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA EZ579 UT WOS:A1991EZ57900007 ER PT J AU WALKER, RJ ECHEVERRIA, LM SHIREY, SB HORAN, MF AF WALKER, RJ ECHEVERRIA, LM SHIREY, SB HORAN, MF TI RE-OS ISOTOPIC CONSTRAINTS ON THE ORIGIN OF VOLCANIC-ROCKS, GORGONA ISLAND, COLOMBIA - OS ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE FOR ANCIENT HETEROGENEITIES IN THE MANTLE SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID KOLAR SCHIST BELT; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PLATINUM-GROUP MINERALS; OCEANIC BASALTS; STILLWATER COMPLEX; MUNRO-TOWNSHIP; TRACE-ELEMENTS; RHENIUM-OSMIUM; SOUTH-INDIA; SM-ND AB The Re-Os isotopic systematics of komatiites and spatially associated basalts from Gorgona Island, Colombia, indicate that they were produced at 155 +/- 43 Ma. Subsequent episodes of volcanism produced basalts at 88.1 +/- 3.8 Ma and picritic and basaltic lavas at ca. 58 Ma. The age for the ultramafic rocks is important because it coincides with the late-Jurassic, early-Cretaceous disassembly of Pangea, when the North- and South-American plates began to pull apart. Deep-seated mantle upwelling possibly precipitated the break-up of these continental plates and caused a tear in the subducting slab west of Gorgona, providing a rare, late-Phanerozoic conduit for the komatiitic melts. Mantle sources for the komatiites were heterogeneous with respect to Os and Pb isotopic compositions, but had homogeneous Nd isotopic compositions (epsilon-Nd = + 9 +/- 1). Initial Os-187/Os-186 normalized to carbonaceous chondrites at 155 Ma (gamma-Os) ranged from 0 to +22, and model-initial mu values ranged from 8.17 to 8.39. The excess radiogenic Os, compared with an assumed bulk-mantle evolution similar to carbonaceous chondrites, was likely produced in portions of the mantle with long-term elevated Re concentrations. The Os, Pb and Nd isotopic compositions, together with major-element constraints, suggest that the sources of the komatiites were enriched more than 1 Ga ago by low (< 20%) and variable amounts of a basalt or komatiite component. This component was added as either subducted oceanic crust or melt derived from greater depths in the mantle. These results suggest that the Re-Os isotope system may be a highly sensitive indicator of the presence of ancient subducted oceanic crust in mantle-source regions. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. CORNING INC,DIV RES & DEV,CORNING,NY 14831. CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,DEPT TERR MAGNETISM,WASHINGTON,DC 20015. RI Walker, Richard/K-6869-2016 OI Walker, Richard/0000-0003-0348-2407 NR 58 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PY 1991 VL 107 IS 2 BP 150 EP 162 DI 10.1007/BF00310704 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA FH150 UT WOS:A1991FH15000002 ER PT J AU ROBIE, RA HEMINGWAY, BS GILLET, P REYNARD, B AF ROBIE, RA HEMINGWAY, BS GILLET, P REYNARD, B TI ON THE ENTROPY OF GLAUCOPHANE NA2MG3AL2SI8O22(OH)2 SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; HEAT-CAPACITIES AB The heat capacity of glaucophane from the Sesia-Lanza region of Italy having the approximate composition (Na1.93Ca0.05Fe0.02) (Mg2.60Fe0.41) (Al1.83 Fe0.15Cr0.01) (Si7.92Al0.08)O22(OH)2 was measured by adiabatic calorimetry between 4.6 and 359.4 K. After correcting the C(p)0 data to values for ideal glaucophane, Na2Mg3Al2Si8O22(OH)2 the third-law entropy S(298)0-S(0)0 was calculated to be 541.2 +/- 3.0 J.mol-1.K-1. Our value for S(298)0 - S(0)0 is 12.0 J.mol-1.K-1 (2.2%) smaller than the value of Likhoydov et al. (1982), 553.2 +/- 3.0, is within 6.2 J.mol-1.K-1 of the value estimated by Holland (1988), and agrees remarkably well with the value calculated by Gillet et al. (1989) from spectroscopic data, 539 J.mol-1.K-1. C1 UNIV RENNES 1,INST GEOL,F-35042 RENNES,FRANCE. RP ROBIE, RA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. RI Reynard, Bruno/C-8301-2012 OI Reynard, Bruno/0000-0002-4782-6163 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PY 1991 VL 107 IS 4 BP 484 EP 486 DI 10.1007/BF00310682 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA FV017 UT WOS:A1991FV01700006 ER PT J AU CHEN, CY FREY, FA GARCIA, MO DALRYMPLE, GB HART, SR AF CHEN, CY FREY, FA GARCIA, MO DALRYMPLE, GB HART, SR TI THE THOLEIITE TO ALKALIC BASALT TRANSITION AT HALEAKALA VOLCANO, MAUI, HAWAII SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPIC CONSTRAINTS; KOHALA VOLCANO; HIGH-PRESSURE; ORIGIN; LAVAS; CLINOPYROXENE; EVOLUTION; ERUPTION; ELEMENT; MODEL AB Previous studies of alkalic lavas erupted during the waning growth stages (< 0.9 Ma to present) of Haleakala volcano identified systematic temporal changes in isotopic and incompatible element abundance ratios. These geochemical trends reflect a mantle mixing process with a systematic change in the proportions of mixing components. We studied lavas from a 250-m-thick stratigraphic sequence in Honomanu Gulch that includes the oldest (approximately 1.1 Ma) subaerial basalts exposed at Haleakaka. The lower 200 m of section is intercalated tholeiitic and alkalic basalt with similar isotopic (Sr, Nd, Pb) and incompatible element abundance ratios (e.g., Nb/La, La/Ce, La/Sr, Hf/Sm, Ti/Eu). These lava compositions are consistent with derivation of alkalic and tholeiitic basalt by partial melting of a compositionally homogeneous, clinopyroxene-rich, garnet lherzolite source. The intercalated tholeiitic and alkalic Honomanu lavas may reflect a process which tapped melts generated in different portions of a rising plume, and we infer that the tholeiitic lavas reflect a melting range of approximately 10% to 15%, while the intercalated alkalic lavas reflect a range of approximately 6.5% to 8% melting. However, within the uppermost 50 m of section, Sr-87/Sr-86 decreases from 0.70371 to 0.70328 as eruption age decreased from approximately 0.97 Ma to 0.78 Ma. We infer that as lava compositions changed from intercalated tholeiitic and alkalic lavas to only alkalic lavas at approximately 0.93 Ma, the mixing proportions of source components changed with a MORB-related mantle component becoming increasingly important as eruption age decreased. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. MIT,DEPT EARTH ATMOSPHER & PLANETRY SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. UNIV HAWAII,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP CHEN, CY (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT GEOL,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. OI Frey, Frederick/0000-0002-5403-5677 NR 46 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PY 1991 VL 106 IS 2 BP 183 EP 200 DI 10.1007/BF00306433 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA EQ666 UT WOS:A1991EQ66600005 ER PT J AU HAY, BJ ARTHUR, MA DEAN, WE NEFF, ED HONJO, S AF HAY, BJ ARTHUR, MA DEAN, WE NEFF, ED HONJO, S TI SEDIMENT DEPOSITION IN THE LATE HOLOCENE ABYSSAL BLACK-SEA WITH CLIMATIC AND CHRONOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART A-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article ID SAPROPEL; ORIGIN AB The temporal sedimentary patterns in the Late Holocene central eastern and western Black Sea are very similar. The sedimentary history was most visibly affected by the coccolithophorid species Emiliania huxleyi which briefly invaded the Black Sea for the first time "(First Invasion Period"), nearly disappeared again shortly afterwards ("Transition Sapropel"), but returned permanently several centuries later ("Final Invasion Period"). The temporary near-disappearance of E. huxleyi was probably caused by a temporary drop in salinity. Accumulation of E. huxleyi was on average about 40% higher in the western than in the eastern Black Sea. Highest coccolithophorid production occurred basin-wide during part of the Little Ice Age. The accumulation of terrigenous matter was generally higher in the eastern than in the western Black Sea by about 20%. C1 WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. UNIV RHODE ISL,SCH OCEANOG,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RI Arthur, Michael/E-2872-2014 OI Arthur, Michael/0000-0002-3028-6279 NR 58 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0198-0149 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PY 1991 VL 38 SU 2 BP S1211 EP S1235 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA HB279 UT WOS:A1991HB27900030 ER PT J AU STAUDIGEL, H PARK, KH PRINGLE, M RUBENSTONE, JL SMITH, WHF ZINDLER, A AF STAUDIGEL, H PARK, KH PRINGLE, M RUBENSTONE, JL SMITH, WHF ZINDLER, A TI THE LONGEVITY OF THE SOUTH-PACIFIC ISOTOPIC AND THERMAL ANOMALY SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NON-HOTSPOT VOLCANOS; MANTLE HETEROGENEITY; TRACE-ELEMENT; BASALTS; OCEAN; ND; SR; ISLANDS; ORIGIN; SCALE AB The South Pacific is anomalous in terms of the Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope ratios of its hot spot basalts, a thermally enhanced lithosphere, and possibly a hotter mantle. We have studied the Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope characteristics of 12 Cretaceous seamounts in the Magellans, Marshall and Wake seamount groups (western Pacific Ocean) that originated in this South Pacific Isotopic and Thermal Anomaly (SOPITA). The range and values of isotope ratios of the Cretaceous seamount data are similar to those of the island chains of Samoa, Tahiti, Marquesas and Cook/Austral in the SOPITA. These define two major mantle components suggesting that isotopically extreme lavas have been produced at SOPITA for at least 120 Ma. Shallow bathymetry, and weakened lithosphere beneath some of the seamounts studied suggests that at least some of the thermal effects prevailed during the Cretaceous as well. These data, in the context of published data, suggest: (1) SOPITA is a long-lived feature, and enhanced heat transfer into the lithosphere and isotopically anomalous mantle appear to be an intrinsic characteristic of the anomaly. (2) The less pronounced depth anomaly during northwesterly plate motion suggests that some of the expressions of SOPITA may be controlled by the direction of plate motion. Motion parallel to the alignment of SOPITA hot spots focusses the heat (and chemical input into the lithosphere) on a smaller cross section than oblique motion. (3) The lithosphere in the eastern and central SOPITA appears to have lost its original depleted mantle characteristics, probably due to enhanced plume/lithosphere interaction, and it is dominated by isotopic compositions derived from plume materials. (4) We speculate (following D.L. Anderson) that the origin of the SOPITA, and possibly the DUPAL anomaly is largely due to focused subduction through long periods of the geological history of the earth, creating a heterogeneous distribution of recycled components in the lower mantle. C1 KOREA SCI CTR,SEOUL 135619,SOUTH KOREA. COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY GEOL OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964. US GEOL SURVEY,ISOTOPE BRANCH,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP STAUDIGEL, H (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,A-015,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. RI Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010 OI Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X NR 53 TC 123 Z9 129 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 102 IS 1 BP 24 EP 44 DI 10.1016/0012-821X(91)90015-A PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EZ542 UT WOS:A1991EZ54200003 ER PT J AU KISSLING, E LAHR, JC AF KISSLING, E LAHR, JC TI TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGE OF THE PACIFIC SLAB UNDER SOUTHERN ALASKA SO ECLOGAE GEOLOGICAE HELVETIAE LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL SEISMIC STRUCTURE; LOCAL EARTHQUAKE DATA; NORTH-AMERICAN PLATE; CHUGACH MOUNTAINS; STRUCTURE BENEATH; ARRIVAL TIMES; ZONE; ISLANDS; JAPAN; INVERSION AB Southern Alaska is characterized by high-seismic activity due to the subduction of the Pacific plate under the continental lithosphere of Alaska. A high quality data set of local earthquakes has been inverted to obtain a tomographic image of the three-dimensional (3D) velocity structure down to a depth of 200 km. Imaging this large area with a block size of 10 km by 10 km required that an approximate solution to the full inversion be used and therefore the results are preliminary. The dominant features in the tomographic image are elongated deep-reaching velocity anomalies striking SW-NE parallel to the volcanic arc. The largest continuous anomaly is a region of low P-wave velocity. This anomaly parallels and overlies the zone of relatively high P-wave velocity associated with the descending lithosphere. The maximum amplitudes of the P-wave velocity anomalies are +5% for the subducted slab and -10% for the areas of low velocity above the slab. In the southern part of Kenai Pennisula, where the high-velocity anomaly is well developed, the earthquakes are concentrated both in the crust and along a zone that includes the uppermost part of the high velocity anomaly and the region of high gradient between the high and the low P-wave velocity anomalies. Further to the north where the amplitude and the size of the high-velocity anomaly is reduced, the deepest portion of the seismogenic zone extends from within the gradient zone into the region of low velocity. First motion data for events within the Benioff-Wadati zone (BWZ) were used to determine composite focal mechanisms. The T-axis of these mechanisms tend to remain parallel to the dip of the BWZ as it increases from about 10 to 60 degrees. This pattern is consistent with BWZ earthquakes occurring within a contiguous plate which is sinking due to gravitational forces and acting as a stress guide. The combined data suggest that the upper boundary of the subducted plate, which must be above the BWZ seismicity, lies within a region of low velocity, just above a zone of high velocity gradient. The zone of highest P-wave velocity parallels the BWZ but is located at about 10 km greater depth. Thus, the model suggests lateral variations of up to 10% within the downgoing slab, with the minimum velocity in the uppermost part of the slab corresponding to subducted oceanic crust. The broad negative anomaly beneath the high-velocity slab is interpreted as the asthenosphere underlying the subducted plate. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP KISSLING, E (reprint author), SWISS FED INST TECHNOL,INST GEOPHYS,CH-8093 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. NR 31 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0012-9402 J9 ECLOGAE GEOL HELV JI Eclogae Geol. Helv. PY 1991 VL 84 IS 2 BP 297 EP 315 PG 19 WC Geology SC Geology GA GE783 UT WOS:A1991GE78300003 ER PT J AU GOLDFARB, RJ NEWBERRY, RJ PICKTHORN, WJ GENT, CA AF GOLDFARB, RJ NEWBERRY, RJ PICKTHORN, WJ GENT, CA TI OXYGEN, HYDROGEN, AND SULFUR ISOTOPE STUDIES IN THE JUNEAU GOLD BELT, SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA - CONSTRAINTS ON THE ORIGIN OF HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID CANADIAN CORDILLERA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; STABLE ISOTOPE; DUAL ORIGINS; FRACTIONATION; DEPOSITS; EVOLUTION; COMPLEX; ROCKS; WATER AB The delta-18O values of gold-bearing quartz from the Juneau gold belt range from 15.2 to 20.8 per mil, indicating that ore fluid values ranged from 7.2 to 12.8 per mil at an estimated temperature of 300-degrees-C. Hydrothermal micas from many of the deposits are characterized by delta-D values of -75 to -53 per mil, and ore fluids were calculated to have values of -35 to -15 per mil. In contrast, extracted fluid inclusion waters have a broad range of delta-D values, from -48 in relatively undeformed quartz to about -110 per mil for some of the more deformed quartz veins. This range of more than 60 per mil reflects various mixtures from inclusions containing isotopically heavy, primary ore fluids and those containing low-temperature, isotopically light meteoric waters that were trapped in late fractures during uplift of the veins to shallow crustal levels. These results indicate a deep crustal source for the ore fluids, most likely of metamorphic origin. Values of delta-D for muscovite, biotite, and hornblende from country rocks, as well as of DELTA-18O for quartz-feldspar and quartz-plagioclase, provide little evidence of deep circulation of meteoric water along the length of the gold belt. The provinciality of delta-34S data suggests a regional metamorphic fluid of approximately -6 per mil that acquired much of its sulfur from lithologies near sites of ore deposition. Sulfur ratios of sulfide minerals from auriferous quartz range from -17.8 to -5.6 per mil in black phyllite hosts, from -6.0 to -1.3 per mil in less reduced metasedimentary rocks, and from -3.8 to +1.2 per mil in relatively oxidized igneous rocks. The regional fluid is interpreted to have driven desulfidation reactions in relatively S-34-depleted sulfur reservoirs in the phyllites and S-34-enriched reservoirs in the more oxidized lithologies. C1 UNIV ALASKA,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP GOLDFARB, RJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 61 TC 94 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 13 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 86 IS 1 BP 66 EP 80 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FC314 UT WOS:A1991FC31400005 ER PT J AU NEBEL, ML HUTCHINSON, RW ZARTMAN, RE AF NEBEL, ML HUTCHINSON, RW ZARTMAN, RE TI METAMORPHISM AND POLYGENESIS OF THE MADEM LAKKOS POLYMETALLIC SULFIDE DEPOSIT, CHALKIDIKI, GREECE SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL DEFORMATION; LEAD ISOTOPE; 2,000 BARS; DEGREES C; GALENA; PYRITE; RECRYSTALLIZATION; POLYCRYSTALLINE; PYRRHOTITE; SPHALERITE AB The polymetallic Madem Lakkos sulfide deposit in northern Greece is hosted within marble of the Mesozoic (?) Kerdylia Formation, a high-grade metamorphic complex composed of migmatitic biotite gneiss interlayered with marble, hornblende gneiss, and amphibolite. The Kerdylia Formation is invaded by a variety of foliated and nonfoliated intermediate to felsic intrusions of Tertiary age. The Madem Lakkos deposit is long-believed to have formed from a single epigenetic hydrothermal replacement event related to Tertiary magmatism, but this research has recognized the presence of three different and distinct ore types in the deposit that resulted from a much longer and more complex genetic history. Based on ore mineralogy, textures, and geochemistry, the Madem Lakkos ores can be characterized as (1) massive sulfide ore, (2) disseminated sulfide ore, and (3) skarn ore. The massive pyrite-sphalerite-galena ore exhibits abundant and well-developed metamorphic structures and textures that indicate the ore has been metamorphosed to upper amphibolite grade, at temperatures of at least 600-degrees-C, together with its marble and gneissic host rocks. These textures include foliated-lineated galena and sphalerite, slip planes and deformation twinning in galena and sphalerite, and granoblastic annealing-recrystallization features with the development of 120-degrees triple-point junctions in galena, sphalerite, and pyrite. Despite its metamorphism, this ore preserves a generally stratiform nature with sharp, unaltered host-rock contacts, a regional and stratigraphic association with chemical and possible evaporitic metasedimentary rocks, compositional layering, and metal zoning that are consistent with formation as a sedimentary massive sulfide deposit. Disseminated sulfide ore, the most abundant type in the deposit, consists of complex veins and irregular manto-type impregnations in altered marble that are composed of pyrite, sphalerite, tennantite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, seligmannite, boulangerite, and minor amounts of a wide variety of additional sulfominerals in a quartz-sericite-manganiferous carbonate gangue. Disseminated sulfide ore transects and has reacted with the earlier massive sulfide ore and does not exhibit evidence of metamorphism. Euhedral zoned crystals with mineral and fluid inclusions, open-space fillings, and complex textural relationships are characteristic of this ore type and indicate that it formed through the replacement of marble by reaction with hydrothermal solutions. Disseminated sulfide ore is enriched in Cu, As, Mn, Sb, and Bi in comparison with the massive sulfide ore. Skarn ore contains pyrite, chalcopyrite, scheelite, and minor amounts sphalerite, galena, and Pb-Bi sulfominerals in a calc-silicate assemblage of gangue minerals that includes andraditegrossularite garnet, diopside, calcite, quartz, epidote, and minor chlorite, actinolite, and magnetite. Textures similar to those found in the disseminated sulfide ore and an absence of metamorphic features are characteristic of the skarn ore. Highly saline fluid inclusions in quartz from the skarn ore suggest that high-temperature, low-pressure porphyry copper-type magmatic fluids were involved in generation of this ore. Skarn ore does not exhibit a spatial relationship to igneous rocks in the mine but may be related to porphyritic quartz diorite stocks a few kilometers to the south that have halos of propylitic and phyllic alteration and porphyry copper-type mineralization. The different ore types are characterized by a very similar lead isotope composition (Pb-206/Pb-204 = 18.78-18.82, Pb-207/Pb204 = 15.67, Pb-208/Pb-204 = 38.88-38.92), which lies within the restricted field of igneous rocks from northern Greece. Although this resemblance between ore and igneous rock lead has been used to support a magmatic origin for the Madem Lakkos and related sulfide deposits, the uniform isotopic composition of all lead in this tectonically active region weakens this argument. If, as is proposed, the massive sulfide ore was initially deposited as a synsedimentary body within the Kerdylia Formation, the modern model age of the lead strongly suggests that mineralization took place only a short time before the rocks were metamorphosed. The superposition of multiple ore types having different mineralogic and chemical compositions, textures, metamorphic grades, and apparent ages indicates a complex, multistage, polygenetic origin for the Madem Lakkos deposit. An interpretation consistent with this evidence is that synsedimentary massive sulfide ore was deposited as a stratiform body within a sequence of probably Mesozoic shallow-water platform carbonate and clastic-volcaniclastic sediments, possible evaporitic sediments, and lesser amounts of volcanic rocks. This ore and its host rocks were metamorphosed to upper amphibolite grade during Cretaceous-Tertiary regional metamorphism. Coregional, post-tectonic intrusions generated heat and magmatic fluids that produced skarn and skarn ore by replacement of marble at temperatures above 360-degrees-C. A continuing but cooling convective hydrothermal system mixed magmatic fluids with meteoric water. These hydrothermal fluids permeated marble and massive sulfide ore peripheral to the skarn ore, reacting with them and extensively altering the marble to form disseminated sulfide ore. Massive sulfide ore and related chemical sedimentary rocks were partly dissolved by and incorporated into the hydrothermal solutions, thereby contributing Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ag, Au, and minor amounts of other constituents to the hydrothermal system. Fe, Cu, W, As, Sb, and Bi were probably magmatic contributions. C1 COLORADO SCH MINES,DEPT GEOL & GEOL ENGN,GOLDEN,CO 80401. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 78 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 8 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 86 IS 1 BP 81 EP 105 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FC314 UT WOS:A1991FC31400006 ER PT J AU SIMS, PK AF SIMS, PK TI BROKAW,ARNOLD,L. - IN MEMORIAL - 1911-1990 SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Item About an Individual RP SIMS, PK (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 86 IS 1 BP 230 EP 231 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FC314 UT WOS:A1991FC31400019 ER PT J AU BATSON, RM AF BATSON, RM TI MAPPING THE PLANETS SO ENDEAVOUR LA English DT Article AB With the advent of the telescope in the early 17th century mapping the main features of the lunar surface became feasible, the degree of resolution and precision of location increasing steadily, especially with the introduction of photography. With the dawn of space age attention has been increasingly directed to planetary cartography and today Pluto and Saturn's satellite Titan are the last major bodies in the solar system to remain unmapped. This article reviews the sophisticated techniques that have made possible this remarkable achievement. RP BATSON, RM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,PLANETARY CARTOG SECT,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-9327 J9 ENDEAVOUR JI Endeavour PY 1991 VL 15 IS 3 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1016/0160-9327(91)90153-3 PG 8 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC History & Philosophy of Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GK211 UT WOS:A1991GK21100003 ER PT J AU ALLEY, WM COHEN, P AF ALLEY, WM COHEN, P TI A SCIENTIFICALLY BASED NATIONWIDE ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN THE UNITED-STATES SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY AND WATER SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB Beginning in 1986, the U.S. Geological Survey began an effort to develop a National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The basic premise underlying this initiative is that a better understanding of the quality of water resources across the country, both surface- and groundwater, is needed to develop effective programs and policies to meet the nation's water-quality concerns. The program will focus on water-quality conditions that are prevalent or large in scale, such as occur from nonpoint sources of pollution or from a high density of point sources. The design of the program is substantially different from the traditional approach of a diffuse national monitoring network. The major activities of the assessment program will be clustered within a set of hydrologic systems (river basins and aquifer systems), referred to as study units. In aggregate, the study units will account for a large part of the nation's water use and represent a wide range of settings across the country. Unique attributes of the program include: (1) the use of consistent study approaches, field and laboratory methods, water-quality measurements, and ancillary data measurements for all study units; (2) the development of a progressive understanding of water-quality conditions and trends in each study unit through long-term studies that rotate periods of intensive data collection and analysis with periods during which the assessment activities are less intensive; and (3) the focus of considerable effort on synthesizing results from among the study units to provide information on regional and national water-quality issues. RP ALLEY, WM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,412 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0177-5146 J9 ENVIRON GEOL WATER S PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 17 IS 1 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1007/BF01716071 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA EV168 UT WOS:A1991EV16800004 ER PT J AU BLACK, JJ BAUMANN, PC AF BLACK, JJ BAUMANN, PC TI CARCINOGENS AND CANCERS IN FRESH-WATER FISHES SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; GREAT-LAKES; PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS; P-32-POSTLABELING ANALYSIS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; WINTER FLOUNDER; HEPATIC-LESIONS; BROWN BULLHEADS AB Epizootics of neoplasms in freshwater fish species are considered in relation to circumstantial and experimental evidence that suggest that some epizootics of neoplasia of hepatocellular, cholangiocellular, epidermal, and oral epithelial origin may be causally related to contaminant exposure. Although there is concern for the safety of consuming fish affected with neoplasms, this concern may be misdirected as direct transmission of cancer by ingesting cancerous tissue would seem unlikely. Of greater concern is the matter of toxic and cancer-causing chemicals present in edible fish that exhibit neoplasia as a symptom of past exposure via residence in a polluted waterway. There is ample evidence to suggest that contaminant chemicals ingested via contaminated Great Lakes fish may already be affecting both human and ecosystem health, but these effects are subtle and may require new approaches to the study of the affected systems. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV, MUSEUM ZOOL, US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, NRCRC FIELD RES STN, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. RP BLACK, JJ (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH, ROSWELL PK MEM INST, 666 ELM ST, BUFFALO, NY 14263 USA. NR 62 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 90 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.2307/3430842 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA FD603 UT WOS:A1991FD60300005 PM 2050071 ER PT J AU ELLIS, DH ELLIS, CH MINDELL, DP AF ELLIS, DH ELLIS, CH MINDELL, DP TI RAPTOR RESPONSES TO LOW-LEVEL JET AIRCRAFT AND SONIC-BOOMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID STRESS; HAWKS AB We estimated effects of low-level military jet aircraft and mid- to high-altitude sonic booms (actual and simulated) on nesting peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) and seven other raptors by observing their responses to test stimuli, determining nesting success for the test year, and evaluating site reoccupancy rates for the year following the tests. Frequent and nearby jet aircraft passes: (1) sometimes noticeably alarmed birds, (2) occasionally caused birds to fly from perches or eyries, (3) most often evoked only minimal responses, and (4) were never associated with reproductive failure. Similarly, responses to real and simulated mid- to high-altitude sonic booms were often minimal and never appeared productivity limiting. Eighteen (95%) of 19 nest sites subjected to low-level jet flights and/or simulated sonic booms in 1980 fledged young during that year. Eighteen (95%) of 19 sites disturbed in 1980 were reoccupied by pairs or lone birds of the same species in 1981. We subjected four pairs of prairie falcons (Falco mexicanus) to low-level aircraft at ad libitum levels during the courtship and incubation phases when adults were most likely to abandon: all four eyries fledged young. From heart rate (HR) data taken via a telemetering egg at another prairie falcon eyrie, we determined that stimulus-induced HR alterations were comparable to rate changes for birds settling to incubate following flight. While encouraging, our findings cannot be taken as conclusive evidence that jet flights and/or sonic booms will have no long-term negative effects for other raptor species or for other areas. In addition, we did not experiment with totally naive wild adults, rotary-winged aircraft, or low-level sonic booms. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT BIOL SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. RP ELLIS, DH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1991 VL 74 IS 1 BP 53 EP 83 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(91)90026-S PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GG183 UT WOS:A1991GG18300004 PM 15092075 ER PT J AU SPRY, DJ WIENER, JG AF SPRY, DJ WIENER, JG TI METAL BIOAVAILABILITY AND TOXICITY TO FISH IN LOW-ALKALINITY LAKES - A CRITICAL-REVIEW SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Review ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; EARLY LIFE STAGES; BASS MICROPTERUS-DOLOMIEUI; PIKE ESOX-LUCIUS; SUCKERS CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI; PRECAMBRIAN SHIELD LAKES; ACID ALUMINUM STRESS; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; FRESH-WATER FISH; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS AB Fish in low-alkalinity lakes having pH of 6.0-6.5 or less often have higher body or tissue burdens of mercury, cadmium, and lead than do fish in nearby lakes with higher pH. The greater bioaccumulation of these metals in such waters seems to result partly from the greater aqueous abundances of biologically available forms (CH3Hg+, Cd2+, and Pb2+) at low pH. In addition, the low concentrations of aqueous calcium in low-alkalinity lakes increase the permeability of biological membranes to these metals, which in fish may cause greater uptake from both water and food. Fish exposed to aqueous inorganic aluminum in the laboratory and field accumulate the metal in and on the epithelial cells of the gills; however, there is little accumulation of aluminum in the blood or internal organs. In low-pH water, both sublethal and lethal toxicity of aluminum has been clearly demonstrated in both laboratory and field studies at environmental concentrations. In contrast, recently measured aqueous concentrations of total mercury, methylmercury, cadmium, and lead in low-alkalinity lakes are much lower than the aqueous concentrations known to cause acute or chronic toxicity in fish, although the vast majority of toxicological research has involved waters with much higher ionic strength than that in low-alkalinity lakes. Additional work with fish is needed to better assess (1) the toxicity of aqueous metals in low-alkalinity waters, and (2) the toxicological significance of dietary methylmercury and cadmium. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,FIELD RES STN,LA CROSSE,WI 54602. RP SPRY, DJ (reprint author), ONTARIO MINIST ENVIRONM,WATER RESOURCES BRANCH,135 ST CLAIR AVE W,TORONTO M4V 1P5,ONTARIO,CANADA. RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 301 TC 314 Z9 326 U1 11 U2 103 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1991 VL 71 IS 2-4 BP 243 EP 304 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(91)90034-T PG 62 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FR429 UT WOS:A1991FR42900006 PM 15092121 ER PT J AU LEENHEER, JA WERSHAW, RL BROWN, PA NOYES, TI AF LEENHEER, JA WERSHAW, RL BROWN, PA NOYES, TI TI DETECTION OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) RESIDUES FROM NONIONIC SURFACTANTS IN SURFACE-WATER BY H-1 AND C-13 NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROMETRY SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINEAR ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATES; NATURAL-WATERS; BIODEGRADATION AB Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) residues were detected in organic solute isolates from surface water by H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR), C-13 NMR spectrometry, and colorimetric assay. PEG residues were separated from natural organic solutes in Clear Creek, CO, by a combination of methylation and chromatographic procedures. The isolated PEG residues, characterized by NMR spectrometry, were found to consist of neutral and acidic residues that also contained poly(propylene glycol) moieties. The H-1 NMR and the colorimetric assays for poly(ethylene glycol) residues were done on samples collected in the lower Mississippi River and tributaries between St. Louis, MO, and New Orleans, LA, in July-August and November-December 1987. Aqueous concentrations for poly(ethylene glycol) residues based on colorimetric assay ranged from undetectable to approximately 28 mu-g/L. Concentrations based on H-1 NMR spectrometry ranged from undetectable to 145 mu-g/L. RP LEENHEER, JA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS 408,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 1 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1021/es00013a019 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP991 UT WOS:A1991EP99100024 ER PT J AU HARVEY, RW GARABEDIAN, SP AF HARVEY, RW GARABEDIAN, SP TI USE OF COLLOID FILTRATION THEORY IN MODELING MOVEMENT OF BACTERIA THROUGH A CONTAMINATED SANDY AQUIFER SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT; GROUNDWATER; SURFACES; BIOMASS; SOILS AB A filtration model commonly used to describe removal of colloids during packed-bed filtration in water treatment applications was modified for describing downgradient transport of bacteria in sandy, aquifer sediments. The modified model was applied to the results of a small-scale (7 m), natural-gradient tracer test and to observations of an indigenous bacterial population moving downgradient within a plume of organically contaminated groundwater in Cape Cod, MA. The model reasonably accounted for concentration histories of labeled bacteria appearing at samplers downgradient from the injection well in the tracer experiment and for the observed 0.25-mu-m increase in average cell length for an unlabeled, indigenous bacterial population, 0.6 km downgradient from the source of the plume. Several uncertainties were apparent in applying filtration theory to problems involving transport of bacteria in groundwater. However, adsorption (attachment) appeared to be a major control of the extent of bacterial movement downgradient, which could be described, in part, by filtration theory. Estimates of the collision efficiency factor, which represents the physicochemical factors that determine adsorption of the bacteria onto the grain surfaces, ranged from 5.4 x 10(-3) to 9.7 x 10(-3). C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MARLBOROUGH,MA 01752. RP HARVEY, RW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 NR 31 TC 386 Z9 389 U1 4 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 1 BP 178 EP 185 DI 10.1021/es00013a021 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP991 UT WOS:A1991EP99100026 ER PT J AU FLEMING, WJ HILL, EF MOMOT, JJ PANG, VF AF FLEMING, WJ HILL, EF MOMOT, JJ PANG, VF TI TOXICITY OF TRIMETHYLTIN AND TRIETHYLTIN TO MALLARD DUCKLINGS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE TRIMETHYLTIN; TRIETHYLTIN; ORGANOTIN; TOXICITY; MALLARD DUCKS ID DELAYED MATCHING BEHAVIOR; TRIALKYLTIN COMPOUNDS; ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS; COMPARATIVE INVIVO; ADULT-RATS; TOXICOLOGY; CHEMICALS; PIGEONS; TIN AB Trimethyltin chloride (TMTC) and triethyltin chloride (TETC) were fed to mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings for 73 to 75 d, beginning when ducklings were 3 to 4 d old. Diets were mixed to contain 0, 0.5, 5 or 50 ppm Sn as either TMTC or TETC. Mortality occurred only in the 5 ppm (2/5 ducklings) and 50 ppm (5/5 ducklings, all dying within 5 d) TMTC groups. Death was preceded by cephalic tremors, lethargy and ataxia; these clinical signs also were observed in surviving ducklings from the 5 ppm TMTC group, but not the 0.5 ppm TMTC group. Ducklings fed 5 and 50 ppm Sn as TMTC exhibited degeneration of the large neurons of the pons, medulla oblongata, gray matter of the spinal cord and pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex. TETC-fed ducklings showed few signs of clinical toxicosis. Ducklings fed 50 ppm Sn as TETC exhibited mild to severe vacuolization of the white matter of the brain and spinal cord; these lesions were not present in ducklings fed 5 ppm Sn as TETC. Liver, spleen, kidney, thymus, bursa of Fabricius and skeletal muscle presented no abnormal histopathology for either organotin compound. Hematocrit, hemoglobin and plasma aspartate aminotransferase; alanine aminotransferase; lactate dehydrogenase; alkaline phosphatase; and cholinesterase values were determined for the 5- and 50- ppm TMTC and TETC groups, and were not different from those of controls (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.05). Lesions and clinical signs of toxicosis in ducklings were consistent with those described for mammals exposed to TMTC and TETC. The effect threshold for TMTC in ducklings appears to exceed current environmental concentrations. Environmental concentrations of TETC have not been reported. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. PIG RES INST,MIAOLI 35099,TAIWAN. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 2 BP 255 EP 260 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[255:TOTATT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EY870 UT WOS:A1991EY87000015 ER PT J AU STEADMAN, BL STUBBLEFIELD, WA LAPOINT, TW BERGMAN, HL KAISER, MS AF STEADMAN, BL STUBBLEFIELD, WA LAPOINT, TW BERGMAN, HL KAISER, MS TI DECREASED SURVIVAL OF RAINBOW-TROUT EXPOSED TO NO-2 FUEL-OIL CAUSED BY SUBLETHAL PREEXPOSURE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ACCLIMATION; FUEL OIL; PETROLEUM; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI; CRUDE-OIL; TOXICITY; HYDROCARBONS; ACCLIMATION; WATERS; FISH AB Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed for 21 d to sublethal levels of No. 2 fuel oil (2FO). The four exposure concentrations ranged from 12 to 100 mg/L 2FO dispersed in water and resulted in 0 to 12% mortality. Following this exposure period (preexposure) the ability of preexposed trout to survive exposure to acutely lethal levels of 2FO was observed. Preexposure to either 50 or 100 mg/L 2FO consistently resulted in decreased survival and a lower LC50 for a given observation period. Unfortunately, because the LC50 determinations were not obtained independently, they could not be used to test statistically the effects of preexposure on survival. Therefore, two proportional hazard modeling techniques were applied to the data to test for effects due to preexposure. Both modeling techniques indicated that preexposure results in decreased survival of rainbow trout exposed to acutely toxic levels of 2FO. Thus, in contrast to preexposure to metals, which results in acclimation, preexposure to 2FO results in decreased survival. C1 UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ZOOL & PHYSIOL,FISH PHYSIOL & TOXICOL LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82071. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 3 BP 355 EP 363 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[355:DSORTE]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FA833 UT WOS:A1991FA83300008 ER PT J AU WHITWORTH, MR PENDLETON, GW HOFFMAN, DJ CAMARDESE, MB AF WHITWORTH, MR PENDLETON, GW HOFFMAN, DJ CAMARDESE, MB TI EFFECTS OF DIETARY BORON AND ARSENIC ON THE BEHAVIOR OF MALLARD DUCKLINGS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BORON; ARSENIC; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; MALLARD; DUCKLING; BEHAVIOR ID PHYSIOLOGY; GROWTH AB High concentrations of boron and arsenic have been associated with irrigation drain water and aquatic plants consumed by waterfowl. Both compounds affect the central nervous system and cause generalized physiological distress in mammals and waterfowl. We examined sublethal effects of boron and arsenic on the behavior of developing mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos). Day-old ducklings received an untreated diet (control) or a diet containing 100, 400, or 1,600 ppm boron, added as boric acid, or 30, 100, or 300 ppm arsenic, added as sodium arsenate. Activity schedules and behavior durations were analyzed for effects at the various treatment levels. Both boron and arsenic at the highest levels had significant effects on the activity schedules of developing ducklings, including increased time at rest and under the provided heat lamp. We also observed decreases in the amount of time treated ducklings spent in alert behaviors and in the water in comparison to control ducklings. High levels of boron (1,600 ppm) increased feeding time overall but did not increase the amount of food consumed. Arsenic had no effect on feeding behavior. There were no differences found in the durations of behaviors as a result of treatment. These findings, in combination with reported effects on the growth and physiology of ducklings under identical treatments, suggest that reported concentrations of these compounds in aquatic plants in the Central Valley of California could adversely affect normal duckling development and survival. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 5 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 7 BP 911 EP 916 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[911:EODBAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FW116 UT WOS:A1991FW11600007 ER PT J AU WIEMEYER, SN SPARLING, DW AF WIEMEYER, SN SPARLING, DW TI ACUTE TOXICITY OF 4 ANTICHOLINESTERASE INSECTICIDES TO AMERICAN KESTRELS, EASTERN SCREECH-OWLS AND NORTHERN BOBWHITES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ANTICHOLINESTERASE PESTICIDES; RAPTORS; NORTHERN BOBWHITE; LETHAL TOXICITY; SEX DIFFERENCES ID BRAIN CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; ORGANO-PHOSPHATE INSECTICIDE; DIETARY CONCENTRATIONS; JAPANESE QUAIL; BIRDS; PESTICIDES; ENZYMES; MONOCROTOPHOS; DICROTOPHOS; CARBOFURAN AB American kestrels (Falco sparverius), eastern screech-owls (Otus asio), and northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) were given single acute oral doses of four widely diverse anticholinesterase pesticides: EPN, fenthion, carbofuran, and monocrotophos. LD50s, based on birds that died within 5 d of dosage, were computed for each chemical in each species. Sex differences in the sensitivity of northern bobwhites in reproductive condition were examined. American kestrels were highly sensitive to all chemicals tested (LD50s 0.6-4.0 mg/kg). Eastern screech-owls were highly tolerant to EPN (LD50 274 mg/kg) but sensitive to the remaining chemicals (LD50s 1.5-3.9 mg/kg). Northern bobwhites were highly sensitive to monocrotophos (LD50 0.8 mg/kg) and less sensitive to the remaining chemicals (LD50s 4.6-31 mg/kg). Female bobwhites (LD50 3.1 mg/kg) were more sensitive to fenthion than males (LD50 7.0 mg/kg). Mean percent depression of brain cholinesterase (ChE) of birds that died on the day of dosing exceeding 65% for all chemicals in all species. The response of one species to a given pesticide should not be used to predict the sensitivity of other species to the same pesticide. The need for research on several topics is discussed. RP WIEMEYER, SN (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1139 EP 1148 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[1139:ATOFAI]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA GE725 UT WOS:A1991GE72500005 ER PT J AU PATNODE, KA WHITE, DH AF PATNODE, KA WHITE, DH TI EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON SONGBIRD PRODUCTIVITY IN CONJUNCTION WITH PECAN CULTIVATION IN SOUTHERN GEORGIA - A MULTIPLE-EXPOSURE EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SONGBIRDS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NESTLING WEIGHT GAIN; PECAN CULTIVATION; CHOLINESTERASE-INHIBITING PESTICIDES ID ORGANO-PHOSPHATE PESTICIDE; CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; NEST PREDATION; WILD BIRDS; SUCCESS; STARLINGS; NESTLINGS; MIMIDS AB A prototypic experimental design was used to assess sublethal effects of multiple and varied organophosphates and carbamates on reproduction in birds. The design allowed for classification of pesticide exposure according to toxicity of applied compounds and type and frequency of applications. Daily survival rates (DSRs) of nests, eggs, and nestlings were determined for northern mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos), brown thrashers (Toxostoma rufum), and northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) nesting along edges of pecan orchards and row crops in southern Georgia. Egg and nestling DSRs for all species combined varied inversely (P < 0.05) with exposure. Nestling weight gain was reduced (P < 0.05) with increasing exposure levels in northern mockingbirds and brown thrashers. Parenting behavior in northern cardinal and northern mockingbird did not differ (P > 0.05) among three exposure levels. Brain cholinesterase activities were age-dependent and substantiated adult, but not nestling, exposure. Results suggest that increasing exposure to pesticides may reduce songbird productivity. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,SE RES STN,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1479 EP 1486 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[1479:EOPOSP]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA GM688 UT WOS:A1991GM68800013 ER PT J AU RICHET, P ROBIE, RA HEMINGWAY, BS AF RICHET, P ROBIE, RA HEMINGWAY, BS TI THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF WOLLASTONITE, PSEUDOWOLLASTONITE AND CASIO3 GLASS AND LIQUID SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MINERALOGY LA English DT Article DE WOLLASTONITE; PSEUDOWOLLASTONITE; CASIO3 GLASS AND LIQUID; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; CALORIMETRY ID TEMPERATURE HEAT-CAPACITIES; CONFIGURATIONAL-ENTROPY; SILICATE; DIOPSIDE; 1800-K; ANTHOPHYLLITE; CALORIMETRY; TRANSITIONS; POLYMORPHS; ENSTATITE AB Available thermodynamic data for wollastonite, pseudowollastonite and CaSiO3 glass and liquid have been reviewed and complemented to obtain a consistent set of thermodynamic properties : heat capacities, entropies, and temperatures and enthalpies of transition and fusion. Drop-calorimetry experiments for wollastonite between 800 and 1350 K show a first-order phase transition at 995 K with a small enthalpy of transition of 200 J/mol. From low-temperature C(p) measurements between 10 and 370 K for CaSiO3 glass, the absolute and configurational entropies of the amorphous phases have been determined. The differences between the properties of wollastonite and pseudowollastonite are greater than suggested by current polyhedral modeling of the heat capacity. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP RICHET, P (reprint author), INST PHYS GLOBE,4 PL JUSSIEU,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. NR 30 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 6 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0935-1221 J9 EUR J MINERAL JI Eur. J. Mineral. PY 1991 VL 3 IS 3 BP 475 EP 484 PG 10 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA FP539 UT WOS:A1991FP53900001 ER PT J AU MORAVEC, F CAMPBELL, BG AF MORAVEC, F CAMPBELL, BG TI A NEW HUFFMANELA SPECIES, H-SCHOUTENI SP-N (NEMATODA, TRICHOSOMOIDIDAE) FROM FLYING FISHES IN CURACAO SO FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-MARCOS RIVER; TEXAS AB A new nematode species, Huffmanela schouteni sp. n., has been established on the basis of its egg morphology and biological characters (adult nematodes are unknown). The dark-shelled eggs of this histozoic parasite occur in masses in the abdominal cavity, serose covers of internal organs and in the liver of the flying fishes Hirundichthys affinis Gunther (type host) and Cypselurus cyanopterus Cuvier et Valenciennes in Curacao. The eggs of H. schouteni sp. n. differ from those in other congeneric species mainly in the absence of small spines on the surface of the transparent envelope enclosing the egg proper, measurements (size of eggs 0.069-0.075 x 0.027-0.030 mm) and their localization in the host. A key to Huffmanela species based on egg morphology has been provided. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WILDLIFE HLTH RES CTR,MADISON,WI. RP MORAVEC, F (reprint author), CZECHOSLOVAK ACAD SCI,INST PARASITOL,BRANISOVSKA 31,CS-37005 CESKE BUDEJOVICE,CZECHOSLOVAKIA. RI Moravec, Frantisek/G-7808-2014 NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC, INST PARASITOLOGY PI CESKE BUDEJOVICE PA BRANISOVSKA 31, CESKE BUDEJOVICE, CZECH REPUBLIC 370 05 SN 0015-5683 J9 FOLIA PARASIT JI Folia Parasitol. PY 1991 VL 38 IS 1 BP 29 EP & PG 0 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA FJ290 UT WOS:A1991FJ29000005 PM 1916528 ER PT J AU PAULL, CK COMMEAU, RF CURRAY, JR NEUMANN, AC AF PAULL, CK COMMEAU, RF CURRAY, JR NEUMANN, AC TI SEABED MEASUREMENTS OF MODERN CORROSION RATES ON THE FLORIDA ESCARPMENT SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BAHAMA ESCARPMENT AB A mooring containing diverse carbonate and anhydrite substrates was exposed to bottom waters for 9 months at the base of the Florida Escarpment to determine the influence of dissolution on the development of this continental margin. Weight loss was measured on all samples. Etching, pitting, and loss of the original framework components were observed on substrates with known characteristics. Extrapolations of modern dissolution rates predict only about 1.6 meters of corrosion per million years. However, more rapid anhydrite dissolution, up to 1 km per million years, would cause exposed anhydrite beds to undercut and destabilize intercalated limestones. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,DIV GEOL RES,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP PAULL, CK (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT GEOL & MARINE SCI CUR,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PY 1991 VL 11 IS 1 BP 16 EP 22 DI 10.1007/BF02431050 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA FC575 UT WOS:A1991FC57500003 ER PT J AU MASSON, DG SCANLON, KM AF MASSON, DG SCANLON, KM TI THE NEOTECTONIC SETTING OF PUERTO-RICO SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CARIBBEAN PLATE; SEISMIC NETWORK; VIRGIN ISLANDS; FRACTURE-ZONES; GLORIA; TECTONICS; SUBDUCTION; TRANSFORM; MOTIONS; SONAR AB The island of Puerto Rico, in the northeast Caribbean, lies within a broad deformation zone between the Caribbean and North American plates. The simplest model for the tectonic setting of Puerto Rico has major strike-slip movement on nearly east-west lines in the vicinity of the Puerto Rico Trench coupled to a small counterclockwise rotation of a Puerto Rico block within the broader plate boundary zone. This simple model is attractive because it predicts the tectonic regime south of Puerto Rico, and provides an explanation for a possible component of extension across the Puerto Rico Trench west of 65.5-degrees-W. GLORIA long-range sidescan sonar data and seismic reflection profiles have been used to test this model by mapping the major tectonic features across the plate boundary north and south of Puerto Rico. To the north, the new data help to resolve between conflicting models of underthrusting or strike-slip motion at the Puerto Rico Trench. No direct evidence of compression is seen, although evidence for normal and strike-slip movement is abundant. this, combined with regional considerations, leads us to conclude that the main east-west-trending part of the Puerto Rico Trench between 65.5-degrees-W and 68-degrees-W lies within a strike-slip regime, although oblique convergence occurs both to the east and west where the plate boundary trends east-southeast. To the south of Puerto Rico, underthrusting of the Caribbean plate beneath the island decreases from west to east, and its is ultimately replaced by extension in the Virgin Island Basin east of 65-degrees-W. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP MASSON, DG (reprint author), INST OCEANOG SCI,GODALMING GU8 5UB,SURREY,ENGLAND. NR 46 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 103 IS 1 BP 144 EP 154 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<0144:TNSOPR>2.3.CO;2 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EQ445 UT WOS:A1991EQ44500012 ER PT J AU HOFSTRA, AH LEVENTHAL, JS NORTHROP, HR LANDIS, GP RYE, RO BIRAK, DJ DAHL, AR AF HOFSTRA, AH LEVENTHAL, JS NORTHROP, HR LANDIS, GP RYE, RO BIRAK, DJ DAHL, AR TI GENESIS OF SEDIMENT-HOSTED DISSEMINATED-GOLD DEPOSITS BY FLUID MIXING AND SULFIDIZATION - CHEMICAL-REACTION-PATH MODELING OF ORE-DEPOSITIONAL PROCESSES DOCUMENTED IN THE JERRITT CANYON DISTRICT, NEVADA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Integrated geologic, geochemical, fluid-inclusion, and stable-isotope studies of the gold deposits in the Jerritt Canyon district, Nevada, provide evidence that gold deposition was a consequence of both fluid mixing and sulfidization of host-rock iron. Chemical-reaction-path models of these ore-depositional processes confirm that the combination of fluid mixing, including simultaneous cooling, dilution, and oxidation of the ore fluid, and wall-rock reaction, with sulfidization of reactive iron in the host rock, explains the disseminated nature and small size of the gold and the alteration zonation, mineralogy, and geochemistry observed at Jerritt Canyon and at many other sediment-hosted disseminated gold deposits. C1 INDEPENDENCE MIN CO,ELKO,NV 89801. RP HOFSTRA, AH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 973,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 8 TC 86 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 19 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 1991 VL 19 IS 1 BP 36 EP 40 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0036:GOSHDG>2.3.CO;2 PG 5 WC Geology SC Geology GA EQ448 UT WOS:A1991EQ44800009 ER PT J AU ROBBINS, EI IBERALL, AS AF ROBBINS, EI IBERALL, AS TI MINERAL REMAINS OF EARLY LIFE ON EARTH - ON MARS SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE BACTERIA; FERRIHYDRITE; HEMATITE; IRON; ISUA IRON-FORMATION; MARS; OXYGEN; PREBIOTIC; SAMPLING ID VALLES MARINERIS; IRON-OXIDES; ORIGIN; WATER; EVOLUTION; METALLOGENIUM; ENVIRONMENTS; ATMOSPHERE; GREENLAND; SEDIMENTS AB The oldest sedimentary rocks on Earth, the 3.8-Ga Isua Iron-Formation in southwestern Greenland, are metamorphosed past the point where organic-walled fossils would remain. Acid residues and thin sections of these rocks reveal ferric microstructures that have filamentous, hollow rod, and spherical shapes not characteristic of crystalline minerals. Instead, they resemble ferric-coated remains of bacteria. Modern so-called iron bacteria were therefore studied to enhance a search image for oxide minerals precipitated by early bacteria. Iron bacteria become coated with ferrihydrite, a metastable mineral that converts to hematite, which is stable under high temperatures. If these unusual morphotypes are mineral remains of microfossils, then life must have evolved somewhat earlier than 3.8 Ga, and may have involved the interaction of sediments and molecular oxygen in water, with iron as a catalyst. Timing is constrained by the early infall of planetary materials that would have heated the planet's surface. Because there are no earlier sedimentary rocks to study on Earth, it may be necessary to expand the search elsewhere in the solar system for clues to any biotic precursors or other types of early life. Evidence from Mars shows geophysical and geochemical differentiation at a very early stage, which makes it an important candidate for such a search if sedimentation is an important process in life's origins. Not only does Mars have iron oxide-rich soils, but its oldest regions have river channels where surface water and sediment may have been carried, and seepage areas where groundwater may have discharged. Mars may have had an atmosphere and liquid water in the crucial time frame of 3.9-4.0 Ga. A study of morphologies of iron oxide minerals collected in the southern highlands during a Mars sample return mission may therefore help to fill in important gaps in the history of Earth's earliest biosphere. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP ROBBINS, EI (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 110 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 9 IS 1 BP 51 EP 66 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA HM540 UT WOS:A1991HM54000005 ER PT J AU CHANDLER, VW MALEK, KC AF CHANDLER, VW MALEK, KC TI MOVING-WINDOW POISSON ANALYSIS OF GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC DATA FROM THE PENOKEAN OROGEN, EAST-CENTRAL MINNESOTA SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ONTARIO AB Analytical correlation of gravity and magnetic data through moving-window application of Poisson's theorem is useful in studying the complex Precambrian geology of central Minnesota. Linear regression between the two data sets at each window position yields correlation, intercept, and slope parameters that quantitatively describe the relationship between the gravity and magnetic data and, in the case of the slope parameter, are often accurate estimates of magnetization-to-density ratios (MDR) of anomalous sources. In this study, gridded gravity and magnetic data from a 217.6 x 217.6 km area in central Minnesota were analyzed using a 8.5 x 8.5 km window. The study area includes part of the Early Proterozoic Penokean orogen and an Archean greenstone-granite terrane of the Superior Province. The parameters derived by the moving-window analysis show striking relationships to many geologic features, and many of the MDR estimates agree with rock property data. Inversely related gravity and magnetic anomalies are a characteristic trait of the Superior Province, but moving-window analysis reveals that direct relationships occur locally. In the Penokean fold-and-thrust belt, gravity and magnetic highs over the Cuyuna range produce a prominent belt of large MDR estimates, which reflect highly deformed troughs of iron-formation and other supracrustal rocks. This belt can be traced northeastward to sources that are buried by 3-5 km of Early Proterozoic strata in the Animikie basin. This configuration, in conjunction with recent geologic studies, indicates that the Animikie strata, which may represent foreland basin deposits associated with the Penokean orogen, uncoformably overlie parts of the fold-and-thrust belt, and that earlier stratigraphic correlations between Cuyuna and Animikie strata are wrong. The results of this study indicate that moving-window Poisson analysis is useful in the study of Precambrian terranes. C1 EXXON CO USA,HOUSTON,TX 77252. RP CHANDLER, VW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2642 UNIV AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55114, USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN PY 1991 VL 56 IS 1 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1190/1.1442948 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ER493 UT WOS:A1991ER49300013 ER PT B AU MECH, LD AF MECH, LD BE KEITER, RB BOYCE, MS TI RETURNING THE WOLF TO YELLOWSTONE SO GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM: REDEFINING AMERICAS WILDERNESS HERITAGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM : REDEFINING AMERICAS WILDERNESS HERITAGE CY APR, 1989 CL UNIV WYOMING, LARAMIE, WY HO UNIV WYOMING RP MECH, LD (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU YALE UNIV PRESS PI NEW HAVEN PA NEW HAVEN BN 0-300-04970-6 PY 1991 BP 309 EP 322 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BU59F UT WOS:A1991BU59F00020 ER PT J AU VROBLESKY, DA LORAH, MM TRIMBLE, SP AF VROBLESKY, DA LORAH, MM TRIMBLE, SP TI MAPPING ZONES OF CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE USING CREEK-BOTTOM-SEDIMENT VAPOR SAMPLERS, ABERDEEN-PROVING-GROUND, MARYLAND SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB Forty passive vapor samplers were placed in creek-bottom sediment in an area where ground water contaminated with volatile organic compounds is discharging to surface water. The vapor samplers were composed of activated carbon fused to a ferromagnetic wire in a test tube. The samplers were analyzed in a laboratory using an extranuclear quadrupole mass spectrometer. Data from the samplers reveal distributions of chloroform, tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, and benzene in the bottom sediment that closely correspond to the discribution of those compounds in the adjacent ground water. Moreover, concentrations of tetrachloroethylene in bottom sediment estimated from the samplers are similar to those measured in observation wells near the shoreline. Thus, the vapor samplers may be used to locate and map areas where contaminated ground water is being discharged to surface water and to determine the approximate concentrations of specific contaminants in the discharging ground water. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,TOWSON,MD 21204. NE RES INST,PETREX DIV,LAKEWOOD,CO 80215. RP VROBLESKY, DA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,STEPHENSON CTR,SUITE 129,720 GRACERN RD,COLUMBIA,SC 29210, USA. NR 8 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 29 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1991.tb00489.x PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EQ839 UT WOS:A1991EQ83900002 ER PT J AU KATZ, BG CHOQUETTE, AF AF KATZ, BG CHOQUETTE, AF TI AQUEOUS GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE SAND-AND-GRAVEL AQUIFER, NORTHWEST FLORIDA SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN; GROUNDWATER; MARYLAND; SEDIMENTS AB The aqueous geochemistry of the sand-and-gravel aquifer in northwest Florida was characterized as part of the Florida Ground- Water Quality Monitoring Network Program, a multiagency cooperative study delineating baseline and/or background water quality for the major aquifer systems throughout the State. The aquifer is the principal source of water in northwest Florida and consists predominantly of quartz sand with smaller amounts of andesine, chlorite, calcite, kaolinite, and illite. Water from 42 wells in the sand-and-gravel aquifer sampled during 1986 and 1987 was characteristically low in dissolved solids (median value of 72 milligrams per liter) and of nondistinct water type, although relative concentrations of magnesium and sulfate tended to be lower than those of other major ions. Nonparametric statistical tests of major-ion concentration variations with depth and relative distance along flow paths indicate that the water chemistry does not change significantly (0.05 significance level) as the water moves vertically and laterally through the aquifer. Mass-balance calculations indicate that dissolved solids from rainfall and saline-water sources each account for 13 percent of the concentration of dissolved solids in ground water. Incongruent dissolution of andesine, chlorite, and muscovite to form kaolinite accounts for 94 percent of the neutralization of the total hydrogen ion input from rainfall and from carbonic acid weathering in the subsurface. The remaining neutralization is accounted for by the dissolution of calcite. RP KATZ, BG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,227 N BRONOUGH ST,SUITE 3015,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32301, USA. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 29 IS 1 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1991.tb00496.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EQ839 UT WOS:A1991EQ83900009 ER PT J AU BUXTON, HT REILLY, TE POLLOCK, DW SMOLENSKY, DA AF BUXTON, HT REILLY, TE POLLOCK, DW SMOLENSKY, DA TI PARTICLE TRACKING ANALYSIS OF RECHARGE AREAS ON LONG-ISLAND, NEW-YORK SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB Protection of ground-water resources from the effects of anthropogenic contamination requires definition of the source of water flowing in developed aquifers. Aquifer recharge areas for the confined Magothy and Lloyd aquifers of Long Island, New York, are estimated by using a three-dimensional model of the Long Island ground-water flow system and a particle-tracking algorithm. Aquifer recharge areas under predevelopment conditions are consistent with an understanding of the ground-water flow system operation. A budget comparison indicated that the recharge occurring in each area as calculated by particle tracking was within one percent of the flow entering that aquifer, according to the water budget computed from the flow model. Aquifer recharge areas for two stressed conditions, one at the present time and the other and estimate for the year 2020, are more difficult to define because of numerous pumped wells. Maximum and minimum recharge areas for each aquifer are presented for both present conditions and the year 2020 to bracket the actual aquifer recharge areas. These results also are consistent with the water budgets computed from the flow model. Results indicate that development causes large-scale changes in flow patterns and the size and shape of aquifer recharge areas. The accuracy of defining recharge areas is limited by the model's representation of local-scale characteristics of the flow system and the wells. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,OFF GROUND WATER,RESTON,VA 22092. US GEOL SURVEY,SYOSSET,NY 11791. RP BUXTON, HT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NEW JERSEY DIST,810 BEAR TAVERN RD,W TRENTON,NJ 08628, USA. OI Reilly, Thomas/0000-0002-2988-9881 NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 29 IS 1 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1991.tb00498.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EQ839 UT WOS:A1991EQ83900011 ER PT B AU KOTERBA, MT SHEDLOCK, RJ BACHMAN, LJ PHILLIPS, PJ AF KOTERBA, MT SHEDLOCK, RJ BACHMAN, LJ PHILLIPS, PJ BE NASH, RG LESLIE, AR TI REGIONAL AND TARGETED GROUNDWATER QUALITY NETWORKS IN THE DELMARVA PENINSULA SO GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 199TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC : GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN CY APR 22-27, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM RP KOTERBA, MT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,208 CARROLL BLDG,8600 LA SALLE RD,TOWSON,MD 21204, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2091-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 110 EP 138 PG 29 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BU07C UT WOS:A1991BU07C00006 ER PT B AU DENVER, JM AF DENVER, JM BE NASH, RG LESLIE, AR TI GROUNDWATER-SAMPLING NETWORK TO STUDY AGROCHEMICAL EFFECTS ON WATER-QUALITY IN THE UNCONFINED AQUIFER - SOUTHEASTERN DELAWARE SO GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 199TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC : GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN CY APR 22-27, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM RP DENVER, JM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,ROOM 1201 FED BLDG,300 S NEW ST,DOVER,DE 19901, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2091-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 139 EP 149 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BU07C UT WOS:A1991BU07C00007 ER PT B AU RYAN, BJ HEALY, DF AF RYAN, BJ HEALY, DF BE NASH, RG LESLIE, AR TI WATER-QUALITY SAMPLING PROGRAM AT LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION SITE - WOOD-RIVER-JUNCTION, RHODE-ISLAND SO GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 199TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC : GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN CY APR 22-27, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM RP RYAN, BJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20240, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2091-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 242 EP 254 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BU07C UT WOS:A1991BU07C00014 ER PT J AU JENSON, SK AF JENSON, SK TI APPLICATIONS OF HYDROLOGIC INFORMATION AUTOMATICALLY EXTRACTED FROM DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS; DRAINAGE BASIN; GEOMORPHOLOGY; TOPOGRAPHY AB Digital elevation models (DEMs) can be used to derive a wealth of information about the morphology of a land surface. Traditional raster analysis methods can be used to derive slope, aspect, and shaded relief information; recently-developed computer programs can be used to delineate depressions, overland flow paths, and watershed boundaries. These methods were used to delineate watershed boundaries for a geochemical stream sediment survey, to compare the results of extracting slope and flow paths from DEMs of varying resolutions, and to examine the geomorphology of a Martin DEM. RP JENSON, SK (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,EARTH RESOURCES OBSERVAT SYST,CTR DATA,SIOUX FALLS,SD 57198, USA. RI Namikawa, Laercio/C-5559-2013 OI Namikawa, Laercio/0000-0001-7847-1804 NR 0 TC 105 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1 BP 31 EP 44 DI 10.1002/hyp.3360050104 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA EW937 UT WOS:A1991EW93700003 ER PT J AU NICHOLS, JD AF NICHOLS, JD TI EXTENSIVE MONITORING PROGRAMS VIEWED AS LONG-TERM POPULATION STUDIES - THE CASE OF NORTH-AMERICAN WATERFOWL SO IBIS LA English DT Article ID BLACK DUCKS; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; BODY-MASS; MALLARDS; SURVIVAL; WINTER; RECRUITMENT; HARVEST; RATES AB Several long-running and geographically extensive survey programmes provide information used to make annual management decisions for North American waterfowl populations. Data from these programmes can also be viewed as resulting from long-term population studies and have formed the basis for a number of retrospective analyses. Short-term studies have been used to investigate mechanisms underlying results of the retrospective analyses. Results of the long-term and short-term studies complement each other nicely and have led to many useful inferences about North American waterfowl population dynamics. However, important questions remain unanswered, and it is suggested that many of these could best be addressed using an experimental approach. RP NICHOLS, JD (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 55 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI TRING PA C/O NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM, SUB-DEPT ORNITHOLOGY, TRING, HERTS, ENGLAND HP23 6AP SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PY 1991 VL 133 SU 1 BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1991.tb07672.x PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA FW558 UT WOS:A1991FW55800011 ER PT J AU WHITE, D RICHMAN, M YARNAL, B AF WHITE, D RICHMAN, M YARNAL, B TI CLIMATE REGIONALIZATION AND ROTATION OF PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; EIGENVECTORS; ORTHOGONAL ROTATION; OBLIQUE ROTATION; PATTERN ANALYSIS; LOCATIONAL CONSISTENCY; CLIMATE REGIONALIZATION ID OSCILLATION; TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATION; SIMULATION; SUMMER; ERRORS; MODES AB Climate regionalization studies have made intensive use of eigenvector analysis in recent literature. This analysis provides a motivation for examination of the efficacy and validity of variations of principal component analysis (PCA) for such tasks as an eigenvector-based regionalization. Specifically, this study applies the results of an earlier statistical comparison of rotational schemes to monthly Pennsylvanian precipitation data (1958-1978) to analyse differences among the various solutions. Unrotated, orthogonally rotated, and obliquely rotated solutions (eight in total) are compared in order to assess the model and locational consistency among and within these solutions. Model correspondence and consistency are measured by a congruence coefficient used to match (i) the principal components (PC) of the total domain for the selected benchmark pattern with PCs from the total domains of the remaining seven solutions, and (ii) each PC of the total domain with PCs of 25 randomly selected subdomain pairs ( a set of 10 and 11 years of data). Locational or geographical consistency among the PC patterns is determined by quantifying the changes in area and area boundary defined by a threshold loading. The results from the Pennsylvanian data indicated that substantial differences in regionalization arose solely from the choice of a particular rotation algorithm, or lack thereof. Oblique rotations were generally found to be the most stable, whereas the orthogonally rotated and unrotated solutions were less stable. The quantitative areal differences among rotation schemes and the unrotated solution illustrate the inherent danger in blindly applying any given solution if physical interpretation of the regionalization is important. The quantitative areal and boundary differences may particularly influence PCA over global spatial domains. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. ILLINOIS STATE WATER SURVEY,CLIMATE & METEOROL SECT,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,CTR EARTH SYST SCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. NR 45 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 25 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EV891 UT WOS:A1991EV89100001 ER PT J AU COPPOCK, T GUPTILL, S AF COPPOCK, T GUPTILL, S TI GIS IN DEVELOPING-NATIONS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL MAPPING DIV,RESTON,VA 22092. RP COPPOCK, T (reprint author), UNIV EDINBURGH,DEPT GEOG,EDINBURGH EH8 9XP,SCOTLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0269-3798 J9 INT J GEOGR INF SYST JI Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Syst. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1080/02693799108927826 PG 1 WC Geography; Information Science & Library Science SC Geography; Information Science & Library Science GA FK051 UT WOS:A1991FK05100001 ER PT J AU TAPPAN, GG MOORE, DG KNAUSENBERGER, WI AF TAPPAN, GG MOORE, DG KNAUSENBERGER, WI TI MONITORING GRASSHOPPER AND LOCUST HABITATS IN SAHELIAN AFRICA USING GIS AND REMOTE-SENSING TECHNOLOGY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article C1 US AGCY INT DEV,ARLINGTON,VA 22209. US GEOL SURVEY,EROS DATA CTR,SIOUX FALLS,SD 57198. RP TAPPAN, GG (reprint author), TGS TECHNOL INC,SIOUX FALLS,SD 57198, USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0269-3798 J9 INT J GEOGR INF SYST JI Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Syst. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1 BP 123 EP 135 DI 10.1080/02693799108927836 PG 13 WC Geography; Information Science & Library Science SC Geography; Information Science & Library Science GA FK051 UT WOS:A1991FK05100011 ER PT J AU LAI, CT AF LAI, CT TI MODELING ALLUVIAL-CHANNEL FLOW BY MULTIMODE CHARACTERISTICS METHOD SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article ID UNSTEADY AB Unsteady flows in movable-bed open channels can be described by a set of three partial differential equations: the equations of continuity and motion for sediment-laden flow and the equation of continuity for sediment. It is possible to develop a genuinely coupled flow-simulation model by solving the three equations simultaneously. The equations are first transformed into a set of characteristic equations that are organized for numerical solution by the method of characteristics (MOC). However, the characteristic values representing water-wave and bed-deformation propagation have great disparity in this class of unsteady-flow models; this poses significant difficulty in model treatment. The multimode numerical scheme presented herein is believed to be particularly suitable for treating such disparity because of its ability to apply automatically a most appropriate computational mode to each type of characteristic. With this new scheme, mathematically effective and physically sensitive coupling can be attained. Theoretical considerations, mathematical derivations, and algorithm formulation that lead to, and guide, the development of a basic simulation model are presented in this paper. RP LAI, CT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,430 NAT CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 13 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD JAN PY 1991 VL 117 IS 1 BP 32 EP 53 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1991)117:1(32) PG 22 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA EP750 UT WOS:A1991EP75000003 ER PT J AU WOLOCK, DM HORNBERGER, GM AF WOLOCK, DM HORNBERGER, GM TI HYDROLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN LEVELS OF ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE SO JOURNAL OF FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE CATCHMENT HYDROLOGY; CLIMATE CHANGE; CO2; RAINFALL RUNOFF MODELING; TREND ANALYSIS ID WATER-USE; CO2; STREAMFLOW; CLIMATE; AREA; TRANSPIRATION; PRECIPITATION; SENSITIVITY; INCREASES; CYCLE C1 UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. RP WOLOCK, DM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,W TRENTON,NJ, USA. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6693 J9 J FORECASTING JI J. Forecast. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 10 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 116 DI 10.1002/for.3980100107 PG 12 WC Economics; Management SC Business & Economics GA ET372 UT WOS:A1991ET37200006 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, RS HALL, DK BENSON, CS AF WILLIAMS, RS HALL, DK BENSON, CS TI ANALYSIS OF GLACIER FACIES USING SATELLITE TECHNIQUES SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INSITU AB The different snow and ice types on a glacier may be subdivided according to the glacier-facies concept. The surficial expression of some facies may be detected at the end of the balance year by the use of visible and near-infrared image data from the Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) and thematic mapper (TM) sensors. Ice and snow can be distinguished by reflectivity differences in individual or ratioed TM bands on Bruarjokull, an outlet glacier on the northern margin of the Vatnajokull ice cap, Iceland. The Landsat scene shows the upper limit of wet snow on 24 August 1986. Landsat-derived reflectance is lowest for exposed ice and increases markedly at the transient snow line. Above the slush zone is a gradual increase in near-infrared reflectance as a result of decreasing grain-size of the snow, which characterizes drier snow. Landsat data are useful in measuring the areal extent of the ice facies, the slush zone within the wet-snow facies (combined wetsnow, percolation and dry-snow facies), and the respective positions of the transient snow line and the slush limit. In addition, fresh snowfall and/or airborne contaminants, such as soot and tephra, can limit the utility of Landsat data for delineation of the glacier facies in some cases. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HYDROL SCI BRANCH CODE 974,GREENBELT,MD 20771. UNIV ALASKA,INST GEOPHYS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP WILLIAMS, RS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,914 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. RI Hall, Dorothy/D-5562-2012 NR 35 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 5 U2 13 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1991 VL 37 IS 125 BP 120 EP 128 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA GD474 UT WOS:A1991GD47400015 ER PT J AU HATCHER, CO NESTER, RT MUTH, KM AF HATCHER, CO NESTER, RT MUTH, KM TI USING LARVAL FISH ABUNDANCE IN THE ST CLAIR AND DETROIT RIVERS TO PREDICT YEAR-CLASS STRENGTH OF FORAGE FISH IN LAKES HURON AND ERIE SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE FISH POPULATIONS; ALEWIFE; SHAD; SMELT; LAKE HURON; LAKE ERIE; ST CLAIR RIVER; DETROIT RIVER ID ALEWIVES AB Larval fish samples were collected in plankton tow nets in spring and summer, 1977-1978 and 1983-1984, in the St. Clair and Detroit rivers which are part of the connecting waterway between Lakes Huron and Erie. Larvae abundance of the major forage fish in the rivers are compared with their year-class abundance, as measured by bottom trawl catches of later life stages in Lakes Huron and Erie. Abundance of rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax, and alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, larvae in the St. Clair River in adjacent years of the 4-year study was correlated with the abundance of yearlings captured in bottom trawls in lower Lake Huron in the spring of the following years. Abundance of locally produced larval rainbow smelt, alewives, and gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum, in the Detroit River in adjacent years was correlated with the abundance of young-of-the-year captured in bottom trawls in western Lake Erie the following fall. Sampling fish larvae in the main channels of the St. Clair and Detroit rivers thus provided a potential early index of forage fish abundance in the lakes. C1 NASA,PLUM BROOK STN,SANDUSKY BIOL STN,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,SANDUSKY,OH 44870. RP HATCHER, CO (reprint author), NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,1451 GREEN RD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 1 BP 74 EP 84 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA FJ254 UT WOS:A1991FJ25400008 ER PT J AU BUR, MT KLARER, DM AF BUR, MT KLARER, DM TI PREY SELECTION FOR THE EXOTIC CLADOCERAN BYTHOTREPHES-CEDERSTROEMI BY SELECTED LAKE ERIE FISHES SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ZOOPLANKTON; COPEPODS; PERCH; LAKE ERIE; FISH DIETS; EXOTIC SPECIES ID YELLOW PERCH; FOOD; OVERLAP AB The importance of zooplankton in the diet of yellow perch (Perca flavescens), white perch (Morone americana), walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum), and white bass (M. chrysops) was assessed in the central basin of Lake Erie in 1985-1988. Zooplankton were collected by vertical hauls in 1987-1988 and fish with a rock-hopper trawl. Although copepods (calanoid and cyclopoid) were the major zooplankton in the plankton samples, they were not well represented in the fish diet. From 1985 through 1988, Cladocera became an increasingly important food-particularly a recent invader from Europe, Bythotrephes cederstroemi. It was a major component in the diet of yellow perch from June to October in both 1987 and 1988. The zooplankton consumption by white perch was more diverse until September, when B. cederstroemi became the major food item. C1 OHIO DEPT NAT RESOURCES,OLD WOMAN CREEK STATE NAT PRESERVE,HURON,OH 44839. RP BUR, MT (reprint author), NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,SANDUSKY BIOL STN,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,SANDUSKY,OH 44870, USA. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 1 BP 85 EP 93 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA FJ254 UT WOS:A1991FJ25400009 ER PT J AU FOX, GA GILBERTSON, M GILMAN, AP KUBIAK, TJ AF FOX, GA GILBERTSON, M GILMAN, AP KUBIAK, TJ TI A RATIONALE FOR THE USE OF COLONIAL FISH-EATING BIRDS TO MONITOR THE PRESENCE OF DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICANTS IN GREAT-LAKES FISH SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 INT JOINT COMMISS,WINDSOR N9A 6T3,ONTARIO,CANADA. HLTH & WELF CANADA,BUR CHEM HAZARDS,ENVIRONM HLTH DIRECTORATE,OTTAWA K1A 0L2,ONTARIO,CANADA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,HABITAT ENHANCEMENT FIELD OFF,E LANSING,MI 48823. RP FOX, GA (reprint author), CANADIAN WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WILDLIFE RES CTR,WILDLIFE TOXICOL & SURVEYS BRANCH,HULL K1A 0H3,QUEBEC,CANADA. NR 1 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 2 BP 151 EP 152 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA FZ328 UT WOS:A1991FZ32800001 ER PT J AU FOX, GA WESELOH, DV KUBIAK, TJ ERDMAN, TC AF FOX, GA WESELOH, DV KUBIAK, TJ ERDMAN, TC TI REPRODUCTIVE OUTCOMES IN COLONIAL FISH-EATING BIRDS - A BIOMARKER FOR DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICANTS IN GREAT-LAKES FOOD-CHAINS .1. HISTORICAL AND ECOTOXICOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE TOXIC SUBSTANCES; WILDLIFE; WATER BIRDS; GREEN BAY; BIOMONITORING ID DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; HERRING-GULLS; TERNS; EGGS; ONTARIO AB Colonial fish-eating birds have been used as convenient model populations in which to study the impact of chronic exposure to complex mixtures of persistent lipophilic environmental contaminants within the Great Lakes ecosystem. To date, published reports of contaminant-induced adverse reproductive outcomes exist for six species. We briefly review the studies of the herring gull (Larus argentatus), Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri), and the double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) to illustrate the use of reproductive outcomes in fish-eating birds as a biomarker for developmental toxicants in Great Lakes food chains. We discuss the management implications of using various species for such purposes. We recommended that cormorants be used more extensively in biomonitoring programs to measure exposure and effects of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons and other contaminants in aquatic food chains in the Great Lakes. C1 CANADIAN WILDLIFE SERV,CANADA CTR INLAND WATERS,ONTARIO REG,BURLINGTON L7R 4A6,ONTARIO,CANADA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,HABITAT ENHANCEMENT FIELD OFF,E LANSING,MI 48823. UNIV WISCONSIN,RICHTER MUSEUM NAT HIST,GREEN BAY,WI 54311. RP FOX, GA (reprint author), CANADIAN WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WILDLIFE RES CTR,WILDLIFE TOXICOL & SURVEYS BRANCH,HULL K1A 0H3,QUEBEC,CANADA. NR 34 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 2 BP 153 EP 157 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA FZ328 UT WOS:A1991FZ32800002 ER PT J AU FOX, GA COLLINS, B HAYAKAWA, E WESELOH, DV LUDWIG, JP KUBIAK, TJ ERDMAN, TC AF FOX, GA COLLINS, B HAYAKAWA, E WESELOH, DV LUDWIG, JP KUBIAK, TJ ERDMAN, TC TI REPRODUCTIVE OUTCOMES IN COLONIAL FISH-EATING BIRDS - A BIOMARKER FOR DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICANTS IN GREAT-LAKES FOOD-CHAINS .2. SPATIAL VARIATION IN THE OCCURRENCE AND PREVALENCE OF BILL DEFECTS IN YOUNG DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS IN THE GREAT-LAKES, 1979-1987 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE WILDLIFE; TOXIC SUBSTANCES; GREEN BAY; WATER BIRDS; BIOMONITORING ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; EMBRYONIC MORTALITY; HERRING-GULLS; AQUATIC BIRDS; GREEN-BAY; EXPOSURE; SELENIUM; TERATOGENICITY; CONTAMINATION; WISCONSIN AB Congenital malformations are relatively uncommon in most wild bird populations. Here we document the occurrence of bill malformations in double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) chicks from colonies in Green Bay and elsewhere in the Great Lakes and in reference areas off the Great Lakes, in the years 1979 through 1987. In the Great Lakes, 31,168 cormorant chicks were examined during 147 visits to 42 colonies. Seventy of these chicks had crossed or deflected bills or bills in which the mandibles differed in length. Only two of the 20,962 chicks examined during 82 visits to 35 colonies in reference areas located in the prairies and northwestern Ontario had bill defects. The probability of observing a malformed chick on a visit to a colony in Green Bay was 10 to 32 times greater than on a visit to a colony in the reference areas. Bill defects were observed at only two (6%) of the colonies in the reference areas. This proportion was exceeded in six of eight geographic regions within the Great Lakes and was highest (73%) in Green Bay colonies. The prevalence of malformed chicks in Green Bay (52.1 per 10,000) was markedly greater than in all other regions during this period. These bill defects are an example of developmental asymmetry and are an indicator of developmental stability within local populations. Other investigations in Lake Michigan suggest that chemicals such as polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., PCBs) that induce aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase are responsible for the defects observed defects. C1 CANADIAN WILDLIFE SERV,CANADA CTR INLAND WATERS,ONTARIO REG,BURLINGTON L7R 4A6,ONTARIO,CANADA. ECOL RES SERV INC,ANN ARBOR,MI 48104. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,HABITAT ENHANCEMENT FIELD OFF,E LANSING,MI 48823. UNIV WISCONSIN,RICHTER MUSEUM NAT HIST,GREEN BAY,WI 54311. RP FOX, GA (reprint author), CANADIAN WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WILDLIFE RES CTR,WILDLIFE TOXICOL & SURVEYS BRANCH,HULL K1A 0H3,QUEBEC,CANADA. NR 43 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 2 BP 158 EP 167 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA FZ328 UT WOS:A1991FZ32800003 ER PT J AU BRONTE, CR SELGEBY, JH CURTIS, GL AF BRONTE, CR SELGEBY, JH CURTIS, GL TI DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND BIOLOGY OF THE ALEWIFE IN UNITED-STATES WATERS OF LAKE-SUPERIOR SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ALEWIFE; LAKE SUPERIOR; FISH GROWTH; FISH DIET; FISH ESTABLISHMENT ID ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; RAINBOW SMELT; ZOOPLANKTON; PREDATION; MICHIGAN; ONTARIO AB Alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) were first reported in Lake Superior in 1954 and gradually increased in abundance in the late 1950s. In the 1960s and early 1970s, the fish were widespread in the lake but scarce. We determined the more recent abundance and distribution of alewives by cross-contour trawling in the spring in 1978-1988. Alewives were scarce lake-wide; the mean catch rate was only 23 fish per 100 h of trawling and represented a density of 0.003 kg per hectare in the area swept by the trawls. Fish of six age groups were caught in trawls in spring and gill nets in fall in 1983-1987. Total annual mortality was 64%, a high natural rate in the absence of fishing. Alewives in Lake Superior were small at the end of their first growing season but later grew faster than those in the other Great Lakes. Fecundity, estimated to be 64,000 eggs (mean total length = 187 mm) was higher than in other freshwater stocks. Zooplankton was the major food of alewives < 100 mm long and Mysis was the main food of larger fish. Exposure to water temperatures below lethal minimums for overwintering fish and for developing eggs limits the success of this species in Lake Superior. RP BRONTE, CR (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,ASHLAND BIOL STN,ASHLAND,WI 54806, USA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 3 BP 304 EP 313 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA GK775 UT WOS:A1991GK77500003 ER PT J AU MANNY, BA AF MANNY, BA TI BURROWING MAYFLY NYMPHS IN WESTERN LAKE ERIE, 1942-1944 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE EPHEMEROPTERA; HEXAGENIA; GREAT LAKES; DENSITY; BIOMASS; GROWTH ID HEXAGENIA-LIMBATA; WATERS AB These data, collected during 1942-1944 by Dr. David C. Chandler, describe the density, biomass, and growth of a now extinct population of burrowing mayfly nymphs (primarily Hexagenia limbata) that lived in the sediments of western Lake Erie near South Bass Island. The growth dynamics of this population have not previously been documented. Female nymphs grew faster than males and were about 4 mm longer than males at emergence each year. Significantly fewer nymphs were collected in 1943 than in 1942 or 1944. Before they were extinguished by low dissolved oxygen in 1953, mayfly nymphs were abundant (about 350 weighing 10 wet g m-2) near this island and throughout most of western Lake Erie. The western basin once supported a biomass of 9.6 t.km-2 or at least 17,600 metric tonnes of mayfly nymphs. If burrowing mayflies recolonize the sediments of western Lake Erie, these data could be used to assess the extent of their recovery. RP MANNY, BA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,1451 GREEN RD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 4 BP 517 EP 521 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA GZ449 UT WOS:A1991GZ44900010 ER PT J AU DAVIS, BM HUDSON, PL ARMITAGE, BJ AF DAVIS, BM HUDSON, PL ARMITAGE, BJ TI DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF CADDISFLIES (TRICHOPTERA) IN THE ST-CLAIR-DETROIT RIVER SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BENTHOS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; DIVERSITY; POLLUTION; ST-CLAIR RIVER; DETROIT RIVER; CADDISFLIES; TRICHOPTERA ID SYNTHETIC CRUDE-OIL; COMMUNITIES; POLLUTION; LARVAE AB Abundance and distribution patterns of the caddisflies of the St. Clair-Detroit River system were investigated in 1983-84. Collections of both adults and larvae yielded 70 species representing 34 genera and 12 families. Leptoceridae and Hydroptilidae were the most common families and Ceraclea the most common genus in number of species. This study adds 21 species to the Michigan record. The hydropsychids Cheumatopsyche (81, 63, 105 m-2; log-transformed values for mean and lower and upper 95% C.L.) and Hydropsyche (70, 57, 87 m-2) were the most abundant genera collected as larvae in the St. Clair and Detroit rivers, while Oecetis (41, 35, 47 m-2) was the most abundant in Lake St. Clair. Larval densities of caddisflies in the Detroit River were about twice those in the St. Clair River, but the number of genera collected in each river was about equal (22 vs. 23). Larval abundances were higher in October than May because most genera had substantial overwinter population declines. Low densities and species richness in some areas of the St. Clair-Detroit River system may reflect in part continued water quality problems, but community structure has markedly improved and representation of pollution-sensitive organisms has increased over a 12-15 year period. C1 ATHENS STATE COLL,ATHENS,AL 35611. RP DAVIS, BM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,1451 GREEN RD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 4 BP 522 EP 535 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA GZ449 UT WOS:A1991GZ44900011 ER PT J AU STANNARD, DI ROSENBERRY, DO AF STANNARD, DI ROSENBERRY, DO TI A COMPARISON OF SHORT-TERM MEASUREMENTS OF LAKE EVAPORATION USING EDDY-CORRELATION AND ENERGY BUDGET METHODS SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Concurrent short-term measurements of evaporation from a shallow lake, using eddy correlation and energy budget methods, indicate that sensible and latent heat flux between lake and atmosphere, and energy storage in the lake, may vary considerably across the lake. Measuring net radiation with a net radiometer on the lake appeared to be more accurate than measuring incoming radiation nearby and modeling outgoing radiation. Short-term agreement between the two evaporation measurements was obtained by using an energy storage term that was weighted to account for the area-of-influence of the eddy correlation sensors. Relatively short bursts of evaporation were indicated by the eddy correlation sensors shortly after midnight on two of three occasions. RP STANNARD, DI (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 6 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 122 IS 1-4 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(91)90168-H PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EY075 UT WOS:A1991EY07500002 ER PT J AU CONSTANTZ, J MURPHY, F AF CONSTANTZ, J MURPHY, F TI THE TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE OF PONDED INFILTRATION UNDER ISOTHERMAL CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID 2 SOILS; CONDUCTIVITY; PRESSURE AB A simple temperature-sensitive modification to the Green and Ampt infiltration equation is described; this assumes that the temperature dependence of the hydraulic conductivity is reciprocally equal to the temperature dependence of the viscosity of liquid water, and that both the transmission zone saturation and the wetting front matric potential gradient are independent of temperature. This modified Green and Ampt equation is compared with ponded, isothermal infiltration experiments run on repacked columns of Olympic Sand and Aiken Loam at 5, 25, and 60-degrees-C. Experimental results showed increases in infiltration rates of at least 300% between 5 and 60-degrees-C for both soil materials, with subsequent increases in cumulative infiltration of even greater magnitudes for the loam. There is good agreement between measured and predicted initial infiltration rates at 25-degrees-C for both soil materials, yet at 60-degrees-C, the predicted results overestimate initial infiltration rates for the sand and underestimate initial rates for the loam. Measurements of the wetting depth vs. cumulative infiltration indicate that the transmission zone saturation increased with increasing temperature for both soil materials. In spite of this increased saturation with temperature, the final infiltration rates at both 25 and 60-degrees-C were predicted accurately using the modified Green and Ampt equation. This suggests that increased saturation occurred primarily in dead-end pore spaces, so that transmission zone hydraulic conductivities were unaffected by these temperature-induced changes in saturation. In conclusion, except for initial infiltration rates at 60-degrees-C, the measured influence of temperature on infiltration rates was fully accounted for by the temperature dependence of the viscosity of liquid water. RP CONSTANTZ, J (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 122 IS 1-4 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(91)90175-H PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EY075 UT WOS:A1991EY07500009 ER PT J AU DUTRO, JT HENRY, TW AF DUTRO, JT HENRY, TW TI FOSSIL INVERTEBRATE COLLECTIONS MOVED FROM NATIONAL MUSEUM SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Note C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP DUTRO, JT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI ITHACA PA 1259 TRUMANSBURG ROAD, ITHACA, NY 14850 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 65 IS 1 BP 171 EP 171 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA FB472 UT WOS:A1991FB47200013 ER PT J AU Mukasa, SB Shervais, JW Wilshire, HG Nielson, JE AF Mukasa, S. B. Shervais, J. W. Wilshire, H. G. Nielson, J. E. TI Intrinsic Nd, Pb, and Sr Isotopic Heterogeneities Exhibited by the Lherz Alpine Peridotite Massif, French Pyrenees SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Optically clear, acid-leached Cr-diopside, Al-augite, pargasitic amphibole, and phlogopite from peridotite and ultramafic dikes of the Lherz massif (French Pyrenees) exhibit chemical and isotopic heterogeneities indicative of a complex history. The data cover a wide range on the (143)Nd/(144)Nd vs. (87)Sr/(86)Sr covariation diagram, encompassing much of the mantle array and a large area below the array. Pb-isotopic signatures cover a wide range on Pb-Pb correlation diagrams, with several samples falling in the mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) field, but with others defining trends towards the enriched mantle II (EM II) and high-mu (HIMU) endmembers of Zindler & Hart (1986). Peridotites display the largest range in isotopic compositions, which formed in response to variable degrees of partial melting and subsequent enrichment during the intrusion of the ultramafic dikes. The ultramafic dikes represent at least four generations. Dike isotopic compositions range from 'depleted' to 'enriched', relative to Bulk Earth, reflecting the average composition of their source regions and subsequent melt-wall rock interactions. No simple isochronous relationships are observed on the (143)Nd/(144)Nd vs. (147)Sm/(144)Nd diagram for any lithologic group, demonstrating that the rock assemblages were not created by simple mixing of two homogeneous endmembers. Some ultramafic dikes, which represent low-temperature melt fractions, are enriched in the heavy isotopes of Sr, Nd, and Pb; any magmas derived from partial melting of these dikes are likely to have enriched isotopic signatures, particularly when the degrees of partial melting are only a few per cent. C1 [Mukasa, S. B.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Shervais, J. W.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Wilshire, H. G.; Nielson, J. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mukasa, SB (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, 1006 CC Little Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU National Science Foundation [EAR-8704724, EAR-8617206] FX We are indebted to George Houston, Beth Hardin, Merv Dale, Matt Fischer, and Dave Maher (the Mook brigade) for their tireless efforts to hand-pick thousands of milligrams of optically clear mineral separates. We are also grateful to George Tilton for use of the Finnigan MAT 261 mass spectrometer to run Pb statically. Insightful reviews by Laurie Reisberg, Martin Menzies, Tom Bullen, and Joe Wooden considerably improved the manuscript. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants EAR-8704724 to S.B.M. and EAR-8617206 to J.W.S. NR 59 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PY 1991 SI 2 BP 117 EP 134 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA V17CI UT WOS:000207914900007 ER PT J AU POPPE, LJ COMMEAU, JA VALENTINE, PC AF POPPE, LJ COMMEAU, JA VALENTINE, PC TI MINERALOGY OF THE SILT FRACTION IN SURFICIAL SEDIMENTS FROM THE OUTER CONTINENTAL-SHELF OFF SOUTHEASTERN NEW-ENGLAND SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; ACCUMULATION AB Mineralogical studies of the silt fraction have been made on surficial sediments from the U.S. North Atlantic outer continental shelf off southeastern New England. The silt-sized heavy mineral assemblage, which is predominantly detrital, has been concentrated in this fraction by hydraulic factors and ranges between 11.8 wt. % of the silt fraction in the sandy sediments near Georges Bank to 3.4% in the clavey silt deposit south of Martha's Vineyard. By contrast, the sand fraction averages only 1.5% heavy minerals. Corundum and the rutile + leucoxene + brookite + anatase, epidote, and apatite + monazite + vivianite groups are relatively enriched in the silt fraction, whereas the amphibole and garnet + staurolite groups are relatively concentrated in the sand fraction. "Opaque" minerals average 27.8% ilmenite, 4.8% magnetite + hematite + goethite + siderite, 1.6% ferromanganese-coated grains, and 0.9% pyrite of the silt-sized heavy mineral fraction. Lateral variability within the silt-sized heavy mineral assemblage is considerable. Zircon and ilmenite abundances progressively decrease from east to west on the continental shelf off southeastern New England. Conversely, abundances within the amphibole and the epidote groups increase from east to west. Quartz dominates the light mineral + lavered silicate fraction, where it averages 70.3%. The K-feldspar/plagioclase ratios and glauconite + mica/chlorite ratios average 0.38 and 2.61, respectively. The layered silicates are concentrated in the finer-grained sediments. Although the heavy mineral assemblage is ultimately a function of provenance, the spatial trends observed in the heavy mineral populations are due primarily to sorting that is associated with westwardly-flowing bottom currents and are related to the specific gravity and the characteristic size of the mineral grains. Elevated concentrations of titanium in the silty sands south of Nantucket Shoals are related to the abundances of ilmenite, sphene, and the TiO2 group minerals and average 0.67 wt. % of the bulk sediment. This deposit may constitute an exploitable resource. RP POPPE, LJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 1731 E 71ST STREET, TULSA, OK 74136-5108 SN 0022-4472 J9 J SEDIMENT PETROL PD JAN PY 1991 VL 61 IS 1 BP 54 EP 64 PG 11 WC Geology SC Geology GA EX409 UT WOS:A1991EX40900005 ER PT J AU NAESER, CW CROCHET, JY JAILLARD, E LAUBACHER, G MOURIER, T SIGE, B AF NAESER, CW CROCHET, JY JAILLARD, E LAUBACHER, G MOURIER, T SIGE, B TI TERTIARY FISSION-TRACK AGES FROM THE BAGUA SYNCLINE (NORTHERN PERU) - STRATIGRAPHIC AND TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS SO JOURNAL OF SOUTH AMERICAN EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB The results of five zircon fission-track ages of volcanic tuffs intercalated within the continental deposits of the Bagua syncline (northern Peru) are reported. These 2500-meter-thick deposits overlie mid-Campanian to lower Maastrichtian fine-grained red beds (Fundo El Triunfo Formation). The disconformable fluvial conglomerates of the Rentema Formation are associated with a 54 Ma tuff (upper Paleocene-lower Eocene?) and would reflect the Inca-1 tectonic phase. The Sambimera Formation (Eocene to mid-Miocene) is a coarsening-upward sequence (from lacustrine to fluvial) that contains three volcanic tuffs of 31,29, and 12 Ma, respectively. A probable stratigraphic gap, upper Eocene-lower Oligocene, would be related to the late Eocene Inca-2 phase. Neither deformation nor sedimentary discontinuity has been recognized so far. However, the lacustrine to fluvial transition could relate to the late Oligocene Aymara tectonic phase. The unconformable fanglomerates and fluvial deposits of the San Antonio Formation contain in their upper part a 9 Ma tuff(mid- to upper Miocene), and their base records a major tectonic event (Quechua-2 phase?). The unconformable fanglomerates of the Tamborapa Formation date the folding of the Bagua syncline, which could be ascribed to the latest Miocene Quechua-3 tectonics. These formations are correlative with comparable deposits in the sub-Andean basins, suggesting that these eastern areas underwent strong tectonic subsidence of the foreland basin type since mid-Miocene times. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-9811 J9 J S AM EARTH SCI JI J. South Am. Earth Sci. PY 1991 VL 4 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1016/0895-9811(91)90018-G PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA GE248 UT WOS:A1991GE24800005 ER PT J AU MACHETTE, MN PERSONIUS, SF NELSON, AR SCHWARTZ, DP LUND, WR AF MACHETTE, MN PERSONIUS, SF NELSON, AR SCHWARTZ, DP LUND, WR TI THE WASATCH FAULT ZONE, UTAH SEGMENTATION AND HISTORY OF HOLOCENE EARTHQUAKES SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 1983 BORAH-PEAK; 1959 HEBGEN LAKE; SOURCE PARAMETERS; UNITED-STATES; CENTRAL IDAHO; SEISMICITY; MAGNITUDE; MONTANA; TECTONICS; SEQUENCE AB The Wasatch fault zone (WFZ) forms the eastern boundary of the Basin and Range province and is the longest continuous, active normal fault (343 km) in the United States. It underlies an urban corridor of 1.6 million people (80% of Utah's population) representing the largest earthquake risk in the interior of the western United States. We have used paleoseismological data to identify 10 discrete segments of the WFZ. Five are active, medial segments with Holocene slip rates of 1-2 mm a-1, recurrence intervals of 2000-4000 years and average lengths of about 50 km. Five are less active, distal segments with mostly pre-Holocene surface ruptures, late Quaternary slip rates of < 0.5 mm a-1, recurrence intervals of greater-than-or-equal-to 10,000 years and average lengths of about 20 km. Surface-faulting events on each of the medial segments of the WFZ formed 2-4-m-high scarps repeatedly during the Holocene; latest Pleistocene (14-15 ka) deposits commonly have scarps as much as 15-20 m in height. Segments identified from paleoseismological studies of other major late Quaternary normal faults in the northern Basin and Range province are 20-25 km long, or about half of that proposed for the medial segments of the WFZ. Paleoseismological records for the past 6000 years indicate that a major surface-rupturing earthquake has occurred along one of the medial segments about every 395 +/- 60 years. However, between about 400 and 1500 years ago, the WFZ experienced six major surface-rupturing events, an average of one event every 220 years, or about twice as often as expected from the 6000-year record. This pattern of temporal clustering is similar to that of the central Nevada-eastern California Seismic Belt in the western part of the Basin and Range province, where 11 earthquakes of M > 6.5 have occurred since 1860. Although the time scale of the clustering is different-130 years vs 1100 years-we consider the central Nevada-eastern California Seismic Belt to be a historic analog for movement of the WFZ during the past 1500 years. We have found no evidence that surface-rupturing events occurred on the WFZ during the past 400 years, a time period which is twice the average intracluster recurrence interval and equal to the average Holocene recurrence interval. In particular, the Brigham City segment (the northernmost medial segment) has not ruptured in the past 3600 years-a period that is about three times longer than this segment's average recurrence interval during the early and middle Holocene. Although the WFZ's seismological record is one of relative quiescence, a comparison with other historic surface-rupturing earthquakes in the region suggests that earthquakes having moment magnitudes of 7.1-7.4 (or surface-wave magnitudes of 7.5-7.7)-each associated with tens of kilometers of surface rupture and several meters of normal dip slip-have occurred about every four centuries during the Holocene and should be expected in the future. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. UTAH GEOL & MIN SURVEY, SALT LAKE CITY, UT USA. RP US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. NR 60 TC 137 Z9 141 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PY 1991 VL 13 IS 2 BP 137 EP 149 DI 10.1016/0191-8141(91)90062-N PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FC261 UT WOS:A1991FC26100003 ER PT J AU CRONE, AJ HALLER, KM AF CRONE, AJ HALLER, KM TI SEGMENTATION AND THE COSEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF BASIN AND RANGE NORMAL FAULTS - EXAMPLES FROM EAST-CENTRAL IDAHO AND SOUTHWESTERN MONTANA, USA SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 1983 BORAH-PEAK; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; LOST RIVER FAULT; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; SOURCE PARAMETERS; WEST-YELLOWSTONE; TERRACE SCARPS; CENTRAL NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; EARTHQUAKE AB The range-front normal faults of the Lost River and Lemhi Ranges, and the Beaverhead and Tendoy Mountains in east-central Idaho and southwestern Montana have well-preserved fault scarps on Quaternary deposits along much of their lengths. Fault-scarp morphology, the age of deposits displaced by the faults, and the morphology of the range fronts provide a basis for dividing the faults into segments that are typically 20-25 km long. The Lost River, Lemhi and Beaverhead fault zones are 141-151 km long, and each has six segments. The 60-km-long Red Rock fault (the range-front fault of the Tendoy Mountains) has two central segments that have been active in late Quanternary time; these two segments span the central 27 km of the fault. We recognize four characteristics that help to identify segment boundaries: (1) major en echelon offsets or pronounced gaps in the continuity of fault scarps; (2) distinct, persistent, along-strike changes in fault-scarp morphology that indicate different ages of faulting; (3) major salients in the range front; and (4) transverse bedrock ridges where the cumulative throw is low compared to other places along the fault zone. Only features whose size is measured on the scale of kilometers are regarded as significant enough to represent a segment boundary that could inhibit or halt a propagating rupture. The ability to identify segments of faults that are likely to behave as independent structural entities will improve seismic-hazard assesment. However, one should not assume that the barriers at segment boundaries will completely stop all propagating ruptures. The topographic expression of mountain ranges is evidence that, at times during their history, all barriers fail. Some barriers apparently create 'leaky' segment boundaries that impede propagating ruptures but do not completely prevent faulting on adjacent segments. RP US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. NR 78 TC 89 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PY 1991 VL 13 IS 2 BP 151 EP 164 DI 10.1016/0191-8141(91)90063-O PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA FC261 UT WOS:A1991FC26100004 ER PT J AU HOFFMAN, DJ SPANN, JW LECAPTAIN, LJ BUNCK, CM RATTNER, BA AF HOFFMAN, DJ SPANN, JW LECAPTAIN, LJ BUNCK, CM RATTNER, BA TI DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY OF DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES IN NESTLING AMERICAN KESTRELS SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID "2,4-DICHLOROPHENYL-PARA-NITROPHENYL ETHER; FALCO-SPARVERIUS; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENYL-P-NITROPHENYL ETHER; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; NITROFEN; TERATOGENICITY; EGGS; RAT; GLUTATHIONE; GROWTH AB Beginning the day after hatching, American kestrel (Falco sparverius) nestlings were orally dosed for 10 consecutive days with 5-mu-l/g of corn oil (controls) or one of the diphenyl ether herbicides (nitrofen, bifenox, or oxyfluorfen) at concentrations of 10, 50, 250, or 500 mg/kg in corn oil. At 500 mg/kg, nitrofen resulted in complete nestling mortality, bifenox in high (66%) mortality, and oxyfluorfen in no mortality. Nitrofen at 250 mg/kg reduced nestling growth as reflected by decreased body weight, crown-rump length, and bone lengths including humerus, radius-ulna, femur, and tibiotarsus. Bifenox at 250 mg/kg had less effect on growth than nitrofen, but crown-rump, humerus, radius-ulna, and femur were significantly shorter than controls. Liver weight as a percent of body weight increased with 50 and 250 mg/kg nitrofen. Other manifestations of impending hepatotoxicity following nitrofen ingestion included increased hepatic GSH peroxidase activity in all nitrofen-treated groups, and increased plasma enzyme activities for ALT AST and LDH-L in the 250-mg/kg group. Bifenox ingestion resulted in increased hepatic GSH peroxidase activity in the 50- and 250-mg/kg groups. Nitrofen exposure also resulted in an increase in total plasma thyroxine (T4) concentration. These findings suggest that altricial nestlings are more sensitive to diphenyl ether herbicides than young or adult birds of precocial species. RP HOFFMAN, DJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 323 EP 336 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA GP978 UT WOS:A1991GP97800004 PM 1942122 ER PT J AU MAC, MJ EDSALL, CC AF MAC, MJ EDSALL, CC TI ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS AND THE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF LAKE TROUT IN THE GREAT-LAKES - AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPROACH SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION WORKSHOP ON CAUSE-EFFECT LINKAGES CY MAR, 1989 CL CHICAGO, IL ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; EARLY LIFE STAGES; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; INDUCTION ACTIVITIES; WASTING SYNDROME; TOXICITY; FISH; EGGS AB Epidemiological criteria were used to examine the influence of environmental contamination on reproductive success of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Most of the information was obtained from lake trout eggs collected in southeastern Lake Michigan and reared in the laboratory. Two separate end points that measure reproductive success-egg hatchability and fry survival-were used in the evaluation. Strong evidence for maternally derived polychlorinated biphenyls causing reduced egg hatchability were observed for the time order, strength of association, and coherence criteria. Equally strong evidence for organic environmental contaminants, also of maternal origin, causing a swim-up fry mortality syndrome were presented for the strength of association, specificity, replication, and coherence criteria. The epidemiological approach for demonstrating cause-and-effect relations was useful because of the difficulty in demonstrating definite proof of causality between specific environmental contaminants and reproductive dysfunction in feral fish. RP MAC, MJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,GREAT LAKES,1451 GREEN RD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 56 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PY 1991 VL 33 IS 4 BP 375 EP 394 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA GD126 UT WOS:A1991GD12600003 PM 1908524 ER PT J AU GILBERTSON, M KUBIAK, T LUDWIG, J FOX, G AF GILBERTSON, M KUBIAK, T LUDWIG, J FOX, G TI GREAT-LAKES EMBRYO MORTALITY, EDEMA, AND DEFORMITIES SYNDROME (GLEMEDS) IN COLONIAL FISH-EATING BIRDS - SIMILARITY TO CHICK-EDEMA DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION WORKSHOP ON CAUSE-EFFECT LINKAGES CY MAR, 1989 CL CHICAGO, IL ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE; DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; HERRING-GULL EMBRYOS; COPLANAR POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS-ANALYSIS; MALLARDS ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIVES; TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; BAY CRUDE-OIL; VITAMIN-A AB Several species of colonial fish-eating birds nesting in the Great Lakes basin, including herring gulls, common terns and double-crested cormorants, have exhibited chronic impairment of reproduction. In addition to eggshell thinning caused by high levels of DDT and metabolites, the reproductive impairment is characterized by high embryonic and chick mortality, edema, growth retardation, and deformities, hence the name Great Lakes embryo mortality, edema, and deformities syndrome (GLEMEDS). The hypothesis has been advanced that GLEMEDS in colonial fish-eating birds resembles chick-edema disease of poultry and has been caused by exposure to chick-edema active compounds that have a common mode of action through the cytochrome P-448 system. Detailed evidence has been collected from the following three groups of studies on herring gulls in the lower Great Lakes during the early 1970s; Forster's terns in Green Bay, Wisconsin in 1983; and double-crested cormorants and Caspian terns in various locations in the upper Great Lakes from 1986 onwards. It has proved difficult to establish not only the onset of the disease in the various species at various locations but also the period in which chick-edema active compounds were released. Anecdotal evidence suggested that serious egg mortality in Lake Ontario herring gulls first occurred in 1966, though the signs of chick-edema disease were not looked for until 1974. Only indirect evidence is available on the date of the release of one of the presumed causal agents, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, but highest levels may have occurred in the early to mid 1960s. More reliable data show that the onset of the improvement of reproduction of Lake Ontario herring gulls coincided with the declines in organochlorine compounds and particularly 2,3,7,8-TCDD and PCB. Similarly, information on the onset of the disease and exposures in the Forster's tern and double-crested cormorants in Green Bay is uncertain but bird banders did not observe deformities until the 1970s, which corresponds with the onset of high levels of PCB. If the disappearance of the Caspian tern from Saginaw Bay in the mid 1960s corresponds with the onset of GLEMEDS at that location, then there is a close temporal relationship to the onset of high PCB levels. Chick-edema disease is difficult to diagnose because there is no specific lesion, but rather there is a suite of lesions. GLEMEDS is characterized by an elevated incidence of embryonic and chick mortality, growth retardation, and developmental abnormalities, including bill deformities, club feet, missing eyes, and defective feathering, and there is also subcutaneous, percardial, and peritoneal edema, liver enlargement, liver necrosis, and porphyria. These signs conform to the known symptoms of chick-edema disease. A variety of chick-edema active compounds, including non-ortho-substituted PCBs and dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans substituted at the lateral positions, produce chick-edema disease. The active compounds have specific conformational requirements. In considering evidence on the strength of association, the embryos and chicks of herring gulls from Lake Ontario and Forster's terns from Green Bay had a significant increase in the incidence of the lesions compared to the reference colonies. Similarly, the incidence of bill abnormalities was significantly elevated in Great Lakes colonies of double-crested cormorants particularly for Green Bay, Wisconsin. There was a significant dose-response relationship between the incidence of embryonic mortality in cormorant eggs and the presence of chick-edema active compounds expressed in 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents. There is a high degree of consistency on replication. The disease has been found in a variety of species in a variety of locations, by different observers using different study designs. Outbreaks of the disease have occurred at different times and seem only to be related to exposures of developing embryos to high levels of chick-edema active compounds. The new facts, that embryos and chicks of colonial, fish-eating birds can exhibit signs resembling chick-edema disease when exposed to chick-edema active compounds, cohere with existing biological theory, experience, and experimentation. There are plausible routes of exposure and sources of these compounds to the Great Lakes, and statistically significant dose-response relationships have been demonstrated. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,E LANSING,MI. ECOL RES SERV INC,ANN ARBOR,MI. CANADIAN WILDLIFE SERV,OTTAWA K1A 0H3,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP GILBERTSON, M (reprint author), INT JOINT COMMISS,100 OUE LLETTE NE,8TH FLOOR,WINDSOR N9A 6T3,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 204 TC 267 Z9 279 U1 0 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PY 1991 VL 33 IS 4 BP 455 EP 520 PG 66 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA GD126 UT WOS:A1991GD12600005 PM 1875430 ER PT J AU HOFFMAN, DJ HEINZ, GH LECAPTAIN, LJ BUNCK, CM GREEN, DE AF HOFFMAN, DJ HEINZ, GH LECAPTAIN, LJ BUNCK, CM GREEN, DE TI SUBCHRONIC HEPATOTOXICITY OF SELENOMETHIONINE INGESTION IN MALLARD DUCKS SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; AMERICAN KESTRELS; DIETARY SELENIUM; AQUATIC BIRDS; TISSUE; TOXICITY; RATS; REPRODUCTION; PERFORMANCE AB Two-year-old male mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) received a control diet (0.2 ppm Se) or diets containing 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 ppm Se as selenomethionine for 14 wk. Se accumulated readily in the liver in a dose-dependent manner, reaching a mean concentration of 29 ppm (wet weight) in the 32 ppm group. Dietary Se of 2 ppm or greater increased plasma glutathione peroxidase activity. Mortality (10%) and histopathological effects, including bile duct hyperplasia and hemosiderin pigmentation of the liver and spleen, occurred in the 32 ppm group. These histopathological effects were accompanied by lower hemoglobin concentrations (16 and 32 ppm groups) and hematocrit (32 ppm group), and elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase activity (32 ppm group) indicative of cholestatic liver injury. Other manifestations of hepatotoxicity included significant linear dose responses for hepatic oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations and ratio of GSSG to reduced glutathione (GSH). Means for both of these responses differed from controls in groups receiving 8-32 ppm Se. Mean hepatic GSH and malondialdehyde (a measure of lipid peroxidation) concentrations were significantly elevated in the 16 and 32 ppm groups. Subchronic effects of selenomethionine, which occurs in vegetation, are of particular interest with respect to the health of wild aquatic birds in seleniferous locations. C1 MARYLAND DEPT AGR,ANIM HLTH DIAGNOST LAB,COLLEGE PK,MD. RP HOFFMAN, DJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 46 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PY 1991 VL 32 IS 4 BP 449 EP 464 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA FH208 UT WOS:A1991FH20800006 PM 2016754 ER PT J AU ROCKE, TE SAMUEL, MD AF ROCKE, TE SAMUEL, MD TI EFFECTS OF LEAD SHOT INGESTION ON SELECTED CELLS OF THE MALLARD IMMUNE-SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE LEAD SHOT; IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY; HEMATOLOGY; MALLARDS; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ID MICE; EXPOSURE; ACETATE; CADMIUM; RATS AB The immunologic effects of lead were measured in game-farm mallards (Anas platy-rhynchos) that ingested lead shot while foraging naturally, mallards intubated with lead shot, and unexposed controls. Circulating white blood cells (WBC) declined significantly in male mallards exposed to lead by either natural ingestion or intubation, but not females. Spleen plaque-forming cell (SPEC) counts were significantly lower in mallards intubated with lead pellets compared to controls. Declines in WBC and SPFC means with increasing tissue lead concentrations provide further evidence that lead exposure reduced immunologic cell numbers. Hormonal activity and diet may have influenced the immunologic effects of lead exposure in this study. RP ROCKE, TE (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WILDLIFE HLTH RES CTR,6006 SCHROEDER RD,MADISON,WI 53711, USA. OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 32 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EW549 UT WOS:A1991EW54900001 PM 2023304 ER PT J AU CHAPMAN, PF CIPRIANO, RC TESKA, JD AF CHAPMAN, PF CIPRIANO, RC TESKA, JD TI ISOLATION AND PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF AN OXIDASE-NEGATIVE AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA CAUSING FURUNCULOSIS IN COHO SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; CYTOCHROME OXIDASE; FURUNCULOSIS; COOMASSIE BRILLIANT BLUE AGAR; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH ID FISH; PROTEIN; STRAIN AB An oxidase-negative Aeromonas salmonicida was isolated from coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) suffering from an epizootic of furunculosis at the state hatchery near Belfair, Washington. Typical, oxidase-positive A. salmonicida was isolated concurrently from the same population of fish. Mortality was controlled with medicated feed treatments. Evidence supporting the identification of the two types of A. salmonicida is presented. Methods for the proper identification of oxidase-negative A. salmonicida isolates are evaluated. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISH HLTH RES LAB,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP CHAPMAN, PF (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE DEPT FISHERIES,115 GEN ADM BLDG,OLYMPIA,WA 98504, USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EW549 UT WOS:A1991EW54900009 PM 1850808 ER PT J AU STALLKNECHT, DE SENNE, DA ZWANK, PJ SHANE, SM KEARNEY, MT AF STALLKNECHT, DE SENNE, DA ZWANK, PJ SHANE, SM KEARNEY, MT TI AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUSES FROM MIGRATING AND RESIDENT DUCKS IN COASTAL LOUISIANA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUS; SURVEY; PREVALENCE; DUCKS; SEROTYPES; ISOLATES ID INFLUENZA-VIRUSES; DOMESTIC POULTRY; FERAL BIRDS; WATERFOWL; ORTHOMYXOVIRUSES; SURVEILLANCE; OUTBREAK; JAPAN AB Cloacal and tracheal swabs were collected from 1,409 hunter-killed ducks in Cameron Parish, Louisiana, during the 1986 and 1987 waterfowl seasons. Thirty avian paramyxoviruses (PMV's) were isolated from 605 blue-winged teal (Anas discors), 75 mottled ducks (A. fulvigula), 375 gadwalls (A. strepera), 334 green-winged teal (A. crecca), and 20 mallards (A. platyrhynchos). Prevalence of PMV decreased (P = 0.042) from September (4%) through November (2%) to December and January (1%). Juveniles had a higher prevalence of PMV (P < 0.0001) than adults. An isolate from resident mottled ducks documents transmission of PMV's on the coastal wintering areas of Louisiana. The four serotypes isolated, PMV-1, PMV-4, PMV-6, and PMV-8, were typical of PMV's commonly associated with free-living waterfowl. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & COMMUNITY HLTH,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY WILDLIFE & FISHERIES,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. NR 24 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 1 BP 123 EP 128 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EW549 UT WOS:A1991EW54900020 PM 2023311 ER PT J AU FISCHER, RA HOLLER, NR AF FISCHER, RA HOLLER, NR TI HABITAT USE AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF GRAY SQUIRRELS IN SOUTHERN ALABAMA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB We studied habitat use and estimated relative abundance of gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) in 3 habitats at the Solon Dixon Forestry Education Center, Covington and Escambia counties in southern Alabama, from January 1987 to September 1988. Three representative stands of even-aged pine, mixed pine-hardwood, and hardwood were selected for study, and a 50-station trapping grid was established in each. We captured 603 squirrels 1,586 times. Relative abundance was based on the minimum number of squirrels known alive. Squirrel abundance in hardwood and in mixed pine-hardwood habitat did not differ (P = 0.47), but abundance in even-aged pine was lower (P < 0.001) than that in either of the other 2 habitats. We measured 6 habitat variables in each study area. Moderately open understories with a dense shrub crown (vegetation between 1 and 5 m) component appear to be important to squirrel abundance. To determine habitat preference, we fitted 17 gray squirrels with radio transmitters. Narrow bands of hardwoods along ephemeral streams (i.e., hardwood stringers) were an important component of gray squirrel habitat in even-aged pine and mixed pine-hardwood stands. Forest management should include the retention of hardwood stringers within pine and mixed pine-hardwood stands. C1 AUBURN UNIV, US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, ALABAMA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA. RP FISCHER, RA (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO, DEPT FISH & WILDLIFE RESOURCES, MOSCOW, ID 83843 USA. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 1 BP 52 EP 59 DI 10.2307/3809240 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EV568 UT WOS:A1991EV56800006 ER PT J AU DELGIUDICE, GD DUQUETTE, LS SEAL, US MECH, LD AF DELGIUDICE, GD DUQUETTE, LS SEAL, US MECH, LD TI VALIDATION OF ESTIMATING FOOD-INTAKE IN GRAY WOLVES BY NA-22 TURNOVER SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CONSUMPTION; WATER; BLOOD; CYCLE; WOLF AB We studied sodium-22 (Na-22) turnover as a means of estimating food intake in 6 captive, adult gray wolves (Canis lupus) (2 F, 4 M) over a 31-day feeding period. Wolves were fed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) meat only. Mean mass-specific exchangeable Na pool was 44.8 +/- 0.7 mEq/kg; there was no difference between males and females. Total exchangeable Na was related (r2 = 0.85, P < 0.009) to body mass. Overall, Na-22 turnover overestimated Na intake by 9.8 +/- 2.4% after 32 days. Actual Na intake was similar in males and females; however, Na turnover (P < 0.05) and the discrepancy (P < 0.01) between turnover and actual Na intake were greater in females than males. From Day 8 to the end of the study, the absolute difference (mEq) between Na intake and Na turnover remained stable. Sodium turnover (mEq/kg/day) was a reliable (r2 = 0.91, P < 0.001) estimator of food consumption (g/kg/day) in wolves over a 32-day period. Sampling blood and weighing wolves every 1-4 days permitted identification of several potential sources of error, including changes in size of exchangeable Na pools, exchange of Na-22 with gastrointestinal and bone Na, and rapid loss of the isotope by urinary excretion. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT APPL RES,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO,DEPT ZOOL,LONDON N6A 5B7,ONTARIO,CANADA. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,RES SERV,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55417. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT BIOCHEM,ST PAUL,MN 55108. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 1 BP 59 EP 71 DI 10.2307/3809241 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EV568 UT WOS:A1991EV56800007 ER PT J AU CAITHNESS, T WILLIAMS, M NICHOLS, JD AF CAITHNESS, T WILLIAMS, M NICHOLS, JD TI SURVIVAL AND BAND RECOVERY RATES OF SYMPATRIC GRAY DUCKS AND MALLARDS IN NEW-ZEALAND SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BIRD AB We used band recovery data from grey ducks (Anas superciliosa) and mallards (A. platyrhynchos) banded sympatrically during 1957-74 to estimate annual survival and recovery rates. Young birds tended to have higher recovery rates and lower survival rates than adults for both species. Both species showed strong evidence of year-to-year variation in annual survival rates. Survival rates of male mallards were higher than those of females, as is typical for this species in North America, but there was no evidence of sex-specific survival differences in grey ducks. Recovery rate estimates for grey ducks were high and were significantly higher than those for mallards. However, survival rates did not differ significantly between the 2 species within any age-sex class. The similar survival rates, when mallard populations were increasing and grey ducks were decreasing, suggest that mallard reproductive rates have been greater than those of grey ducks. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP CAITHNESS, T (reprint author), DEPT CONSERVAT,POB 10420,WELLINGTON,NEW ZEALAND. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 1 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.2307/3809247 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EV568 UT WOS:A1991EV56800013 ER PT J AU NICHOLS, JD BLOHM, RJ REYNOLDS, RE TROST, RE HINES, JE BLADEN, JP AF NICHOLS, JD BLOHM, RJ REYNOLDS, RE TROST, RE HINES, JE BLADEN, JP TI BAND REPORTING RATES FOR MALLARDS WITH REWARD BANDS OF DIFFERENT DOLLAR VALUES SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Adult male mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were banded in summer 1987 with reward bands of different dollar values (0-$400) to determine the lowest dollar value that would yield a reporting rate approaching 1.0. During the 1987-88 and 1988-89 hunting seasons, rewards of between 50 and $100 were required to yield a reporting rate near 1.0. We estimated reporting rate of standard bands to be 0.32. Reward bands with 5 and $10 values produced reporting rates that were 1.5-2.0 times as large as those of standard bands. We developed a linear-logistic model to predict reporting rate as a function of the dollar value of reward bands. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OFF MIGRATORY BIRD MANAGEMENT,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP NICHOLS, JD (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 13 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 1 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.2307/3809248 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EV568 UT WOS:A1991EV56800014 ER PT J AU BROUXEL, M AF BROUXEL, M TI GEOCHEMICAL CONSEQUENCES OF FLOW DIFFERENTIATION IN A MULTIPLE INJECTION DIKE (TRINITY OPHIOLITE, N-CALIFORNIA) SO LITHOS LA English DT Article ID IGNEOUS DIKES; EVOLUTION; ABUNDANCES; ROCKS; SILLS AB A clinopyroxene-rich dike of the Trinity ophiolite sheeted-dike complex shows three different magmatic pulses, probably injected in a short period of time (no well developed chilled margin) and important variations of the clinopyroxene and plagioclase percentages between its core (highly porphyritic) and margins (aphyric). This variation, interpreted as related to a flow differentiation phenomenon (mechanical phenocryst redistribution), has important geochemical consequences. It produces increases in the FeO, MgO, CaO, Cr and Ni contents from the margin to the core, together with increases in the clinopyroxene percentage, and decreases in the SiO2, Zr, Y, Nb and REE contents together with a decrease in the percentage of the fine-grained groundmass toward the core of the dike. This mineralogical redistribution, which also affects the incompatible trace element ratios because of the difference in plagioclase and clinopyroxene mineral/liquid partition coefficients, illustrate the importance of fractionation processes outside of a magma chamber. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ISOTOPE GEOL BRANCH,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD JAN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 3-4 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1016/0024-4937(91)90031-F PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA EX223 UT WOS:A1991EX22300003 ER PT J AU HANEY, JC AF HANEY, JC TI INFLUENCE OF PYCNOCLINE TOPOGRAPHY AND WATER-COLUMN STRUCTURE ON MARINE DISTRIBUTIONS OF ALCIDS (AVES, ALCIDAE) IN ANADYR STRAIT, NORTHERN BERING SEA, ALASKA SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID THICK-BILLED MURRES; PELAGIC FOOD WEBS; BLACK GUILLEMOTS; CONVERGENT EVOLUTION; SEABIRD COMMUNITIES; AVAILABILITY DATA; FORAGING RANGES; COMMON MURRES; DIVING DEPTHS; URIA-LOMVIA AB Systematic ship-board surveys were used to simultaneously record seabird abundances and resolve coarse-scale (3 to 10 km) horizontal and fine-scale (1 to 10 m) vertical variability in water-column structure and bathymetry for portions of the coastal zone in Anadyr Strait near western St. Lawerence Island, northern Bering Sea, Alaska, during August and September 1987. Three plankton-feeding alcids, parakeet (Cyclorrhynchus psittacula), crested (Aethia cristatella) and least (A. pusilla) auklets, each exhibited distinct associations for different pycnocline characteristics. Least auklets were more abundant in mixed water, but they also occurred within stratified water where the pycnocline and upper-mixed layer were shallow (less-than-or-equal-to 8 m) and thin (less-than-or-equal-to 10 m), respectively. Low body mass (85 g), high buoyancy, and relatively poor diving ability may have restricted this auklet to areas where water-column strata nearly intersected the surface, or to areas from which strata were absent altogether due to strong vertical mixing. Parakeet and crested auklets, which are larger-bodied (ca. 260 g) planktivores with presumably greater diving ability, were more abundant in stratified water, and both species exhibited less specific affinities for water-column characteristic at intermediate and shallow levels. All three auklets avoided locations with strong pycnocline gradients (less-than-or-equal-to 0.22-sigma-t m-1), a crude index of the strong, subsurface shear in water velocities characteristic of this region. Auklet distributions in Anadyr Strait were consistent with: (1) strata accessibility, as estimated from relationships between body mass and relative diving ability, (2) possible avoidance of strong subsurface water motions, and (3) habits and distributions of plankton prey. In contrast, large-bodied (> 450 g) alcids [i.e., common (Uria aalge) and thick-billed (U. lomvia) murres, pigeon guillemots (Cephus columba), tufted (Fratercula cirrhata), and horned (F. corniculata) puffins feeding on fish or benthic invertebrates] showed no consistent relationships with either the pycnocline or upper-mixed layers. All large alcids were more common in stratified than in vertically-mixed waters, but differences in abundance between mixing regimes were small or equivocal. The only measured variable with which all large alcids were associated was total water-column depth: murres, guillemots, and puffins each used areas with shallow sea floors and avoided areas with deeper sea floors. Failure of large alcids to discriminate among foraging areas in Anadyr Strait as a function of pycnocline topography and strength may be attributable to: (1) greater reliance on large pelagic and benthic prey not associated with the pycnocline; (2) higher body mass, lower buoyancy, and greater diving ability; (3) foraging over a uniquely shallow continental shelf where all vertical strata, including the sea floor, are potentially accessible from the ocean surface. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. NR 105 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PY 1991 VL 110 IS 3 BP 419 EP 435 DI 10.1007/BF01344361 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA GG230 UT WOS:A1991GG23000012 ER PT J AU VICENTE, VP RUTZLER, K CARBALLEIRA, NM AF VICENTE, VP RUTZLER, K CARBALLEIRA, NM TI COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY, ECOLOGY, AND FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION OF WEST-INDIAN SPHECIOSPONGIA (DEMOSPONGEA) SO MARINE ECOLOGY-PUBBLICAZIONI DELLA STAZIONE ZOOLOGICA DI NAPOLI I LA English DT Article DE CLIONIDAE SYSTEMATICS; CORAL-REEF SPONGES; CARIBBEAN SEA; MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY; SPICULES; FATTY ACIDS AB The morphological variability of the common West Indian loggerhead sponge, Spheciospongia vesparium, is examined in light of the latest morphological and ecological information and new biochemical criteria, that is, composition and concentration of fatty acids. A typical and a yellow ecophenotypical form are distinguished. Comparing this species with its next relatives in the same zoogeographical region it is found that S. othella, first described from Bermuda, cannot be maintained as a separate species. S. cuspidifera, previously misinterpreted as "Xestospongia tierneyi", is confirmed as a distinct species of Spheciospongia, whereas "Prianos" tierneyi is considered a morphological variant of S. vesparium. C1 NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. UNIV PUERTO RICO,DEPT CHEM,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00931. RP VICENTE, VP (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,CARIBBEAN FIELD OFF,POB 491,BOQUERON,PR 00622, USA. RI Carballeira, Nestor/G-1200-2010 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0173-9565 J9 PSZNI MAR ECOL JI Mar. Ecol.-Pubbl. Stn. Zool. Napoli PY 1991 VL 12 IS 3 BP 211 EP 226 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA GN491 UT WOS:A1991GN49100003 ER PT J AU FRY, VA BUTMAN, B AF FRY, VA BUTMAN, B TI ESTIMATES OF THE SEA-FLOOR AREA IMPACTED BY SEWAGE-SLUDGE DUMPED AT THE 106-MILE SITE IN THE MID-ATLANTIC BIGHT SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SLOPE AB Approximately 8 x 10(6) wet tons of sewage sludge is dumped annually at the 106-Mile Deep Water Municipal Sewage Sludge Disposal Site, 185 km off the New Jersey coast (Sano, 1989). A simple particle-tracking model is used to estimate the areas of sludge deposition using current meter observations made as part of the Mid-Atlantic Slope and Rise (MASAR) Study (Brown et al., 1987) and Lavelle et al.'s (1988) settling velocity distribution for sewage sludge. Model results indicate that sewage particles settle primarily to the southwest of the dump site due to the mean southwesterly flow throughout the water column. Only the coarser fraction (particles with settling velocities greater than 0.04 cm s-1), about 23% of the sludge discharged, is predicted to settle on the seafloor within 350 km of the site. The model predicts a maximum flux in the southwestern quarter of the site of 60 mg m-2 day-1 which decreases to about 25 and 1 mg m-2 day-1 at distances of approximately 50 and 350 km to the southwest, respectively. Little material is predicted to reach the shelf and the finer particles are assumed to be widely dispersed in the water column. These estimated fluxes compare with a natural particle flux of 100-150 mg m-2 day-1 as measured by sediment traps to the north of the 106-mile site (Biscaye et al., 1988). Field studies to assess the effects of sludge dumping on benthic organisms should initially focus on the region 0-50 km southwestward of the site. RP FRY, VA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,QUISSETT CAMPUS,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 1991 VL 31 IS 2 BP 145 EP 160 DI 10.1016/0141-1136(91)90025-4 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA GA655 UT WOS:A1991GA65500005 ER PT J AU BROOKS, JM FIELD, ME KENNICUTT, MC AF BROOKS, JM FIELD, ME KENNICUTT, MC TI OBSERVATIONS OF GAS HYDRATES IN MARINE-SEDIMENTS, OFFSHORE NORTHERN CALIFORNIA SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRILLING PROJECT LEG-84; HYDROCARBONS; MEXICO; GULF AB Biogenic gas hydrates were recovered in shallow cores (< 6 m deep) from the Eel River basin in offshore northern California between 40-degrees-38' and 40-degrees-56'N. The gas hydrates contained primarily methane (delta-C-13 = -57.6 to -69.1 parts-per-thousand) and occurred as dispersed crystals, small (2-20 mm) nodules, and layered bands within the sediment. These hydrates, recovered in sediment at water depths between 510 and 642 m, coincide nearly, but not exactly, with areas showing bottom-simulating reflectors (BSRs) on seismic-reflection records. This study confirms indirect geophysical and geologic observations that gas hydrates are present north of the Mendocino Fracture Zone in sediment of the Eel River basin but probably are absent to the south in the Point Arena basin. This discovery extends the confirmed sites of gas hydrates in the eastern Pacific region beyond the Peruvian and Central American margins to the northern California margin. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP BROOKS, JM (reprint author), DEPT OCEANOG,GEOCHEM & ENVIRONM RES GRP,833 GRAHAM RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 29 TC 74 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 96 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(91)90204-H PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA FB211 UT WOS:A1991FB21100006 ER PT J AU FREDERIKSEN, NO AF FREDERIKSEN, NO TI MIDWAYAN (PALEOCENE) POLLEN CORRELATIONS IN THE EASTERN UNITED-STATES SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Midwayan Stage of the eastern United States is divided into three new pollen zones, the Pseudoplicapollis serena, Tricolpites asper and Caryapollenites prodromus interval zones, which can be correlated among composite sections for the northern Mississippi Embayment, eastern Gulf Coast, southern Atlantic Coastal Plain and middle Atlantic Coastal Plain, except where missing by unconformity. Pollen data support the presence of an unconformity between the Rhems and Williamsburg Formations of South Carolina. The base of the Aquia Formation of Virginia and Maryland is slightly younger than the top of the Naheola Formation of Alabama. The Midwayan-Sabinian stage boundary is probably of late NP5 age and is probably only slightly younger than the important range base of Carya < 29-mu-m pollen. RP FREDERIKSEN, NO (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 65 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY 79TH ST AT CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0026-2803 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PY 1991 VL 37 IS 2 BP 101 EP 123 DI 10.2307/1485552 PG 23 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA FT879 UT WOS:A1991FT87900001 ER PT J AU BROUWERS, EM JORGENSEN, NO CRONIN, TM AF BROUWERS, EM JORGENSEN, NO CRONIN, TM TI CLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE OSTRACODE FAUNA FROM THE PLIOCENE KAP KOBENHAVN FORMATION, NORTH GREENLAND SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MARINE; PLEISTOCENE; OCEAN; CO2 AB The Kap Kobenhavn Formation crops out in Greenland at 80-degrees-N latitude and marks the most northerly onshore Pliocene locality known. The sands and silts that comprise the formation were deposited in marginal marine and shallow marine environments significantly different from the present day. An abundant and diverse vertebrate and invertebrate fauna and plant megafossil flora provide age and paleoclimatic constraints. The age estimated for the Kap Kobenhavn ranges from 2.0 to 3.0 million years old and is based on vertebrates from the uppermost unit B3, benthic foraminifers from members A and B, amino acid analysis of bivalve shells from members A and B, paleomagnetic analysis from Member B and ostracodes from Member B. Winter and summer bottom water paleotemperatures were estimated on the basis of the ostracode assemblages using three methods: (1) overlap of the temperature ranges of twelve extant species of the Kap Kobenhavn fauna, (2) overlap of the temperature ranges of extant genera and (3) factor analytic transfer function methodology. The marine ostracode fauna in units B1 and B2 (localities 10, 50, 74, 75 and 130) indicate a subfrigid to frigid marine climate, with estimated minimum sea bottom temperatures (SBT) of -2-degrees-C and estimated maximum SBT of 6-8-degrees-C. Sediments assigned to unit B2 at locality 72 contain a higher proportion of warm water genera, and the maximum SBT is estimated at 9-10-degrees-C. The marginal marine fauna in the uppermost unit B3 (locality 68) indicates a cold temperate to subfrigid marine climate, with an estimated minimum SBT of -2-degrees-C and an estimated maximum SBT ranging as high as 12-14-degrees-C. These temperatures indicate that, on the average, the Kap Kobenhavn winters in the late Pliocene were similar to or perhaps 1-2-degrees-C warmer than winters today and that summer temperatures were 7-8-degrees-C warmer than today. In the estuarine environment of unit B3, sea bottom temperatures during the summer were particularly warm, ranging from 10 to 12-degrees-C warmer than at present. C1 UNIV COPENHAGEN,INST HIST GEOL & PALAEONTOL,DK-1350 COPENHAGEN K,DENMARK. US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. RP BROUWERS, EM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 45 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY 79TH ST AT CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0026-2803 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PY 1991 VL 37 IS 3 BP 245 EP 267 DI 10.2307/1485889 PG 23 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA GH650 UT WOS:A1991GH65000002 ER PT J AU SPIRAKIS, CS AF SPIRAKIS, CS TI THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF THIOSULFATE IN THE PRECIPITATION OF S-34-RICH BARITE IN SOME MISSISSIPPI VALLEY-TYPE DEPOSITS SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Article ID SULFUR ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; ROCK FLUORSPAR DISTRICT; THERMAL EVOLUTION; REDUCTION; SULFATE; FLUIDS; SULFIDE; PARAGENESIS; TEMPERATURE; BACTERIA AB The precipitation of extremely S-34-rich barite in the late stage of mineralization in the Mississippi Valley-type deposits of the Illinois-Kentucky district (U.S.A.) may be explained by reactions involving thiosulfate (S2O3=). Inorganic processes are known to concentrate S-34 in the sulfonate site of thiosulfate and S-32 in the sulfate site. In the mineralizing solution, these inorganic processes may have fractionated sulfur between the two sites by about 40 per mil. At the low temperatures of the late barite stage of mineralization, bacteria are known to metabolize thiosulfate by various reactions. In one of these, dissimilatory reduction, hydrogen sulfide and sulfite are produced. Isotopically light sulfite is preferentially reduced to sulfide by bacteria to leave a residual sulfite enriched in S-34. Part of the residual sulfite may be oxidized to form isotopically heavy sulfate; part may recombine with hydrogen sulfide to form thiosulfate. The recombination also enriches the sulfonate site in S-34 and the sulfane site in S-32. Recycling the newly formed thiosulfate through the above steps further enriches sulfite and sulfate from oxidation of sulfite in S-34. During genesis of the ores, the aggregate effect of these reactions may have been the precipitation of extremely S-34-rich barite. The sequence of reactions suggested above requires the presence of organic matter. Previously proposed reactions to account for the precipitation of sulfide minerals and fluorite and for the carbonate paragenesis also require the presence of organic matter. Thus, organic matter in the host rocks may cause the various ore-zone reactions and account for the localization of the ores. RP SPIRAKIS, CS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,POB 25046,MS 939,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0026-4598 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 60 EP 65 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA FF854 UT WOS:A1991FF85400009 ER PT J AU LEVENTHAL, JS AF LEVENTHAL, JS TI COMPARISON OF ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY AND METAL ENRICHMENT IN 2 BLACK SHALES - CAMBRIAN ALUM SHALE OF SWEDEN AND DEVONIAN CHATTANOOGA SHALE OF UNITED-STATES SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Article ID SULFUR RELATIONSHIPS; CARBON; MATTER; DEPOSITION AB In most black shales, such as the Chattanooga Shale and related shales of the eastern interior United States, increased metal and metalloid contents are generally related to increased organic carbon content, decreased sedimentation rate, organic matter type, or position in the basin. In areas where the stratigraphic equivalents of the Chattanooga Shale are deeply buried and and the organic material is thermally mature, metal contents are essentially the same as in unheated areas and correlate with organic C or S contents. This paradigm does not hold for the Cambrian Alum Shale Formation of Sweden where increased metal content does not necessarily correlate with organic matter content nor is metal enrichment necessarily related to land derived humic material because this organic matter is all of marine source. In south-central Sweden the elements U, Mo, V, Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb are all enriched relative to average black shales but only U and Mo correlate to organic matter content. Tectonically disturbed and metamorphosed allochthonous samples of Alum Shale on the Caledonian front in western Sweden have even higher amounts for some metals (V, Ni, Zn and Ba) relative to the autochthonous shales in this area and those in southern Sweden. RP LEVENTHAL, JS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS973,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 37 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0026-4598 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PY 1991 VL 26 IS 2 BP 104 EP 112 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA FL948 UT WOS:A1991FL94800004 ER PT J AU LOWENSTEIN, JM RAINEY, WN BETANCOURT, JL AF LOWENSTEIN, JM RAINEY, WN BETANCOURT, JL TI IMMUNOSPECIFIC ALBUMIN IN FOSSIL PACK RAT, PORCUPINE AND HYRAX URINE SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Note ID DNA; AMPLIFICATION; EXTRACTION C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,MUSEUM VERTEBRATE ZOOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. US GEOL SURVEY,TUCSON,AZ 85705. RP LOWENSTEIN, JM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT MED 122MR2,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD JAN PY 1991 VL 78 IS 1 BP 26 EP 27 DI 10.1007/BF01134038 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EV531 UT WOS:A1991EV53100006 PM 2023636 ER PT J AU PAMIC, J LANPHERE, MA AF PAMIC, J LANPHERE, MA TI ALPINE A-TYPE GRANITES FROM THE COLLISIONAL AREA OF THE NORTHERNMOST DINARIDES AND PANNONIAN BASIN, YUGOSLAVIA SO NEUES JAHRBUCH FUR MINERALOGIE-ABHANDLUNGEN LA English DT Article ID ORIGIN; DISCRIMINATION AB Alpine A-type granites have been found for the first time in the collisional zone between the northernmost Dinarides and the Pannonian basin in northern Yugoslavia. The granites cut an Upper Cretaceous bimodal volcanic association (Mt. Pozeska Gora) and low-grade metamorphic rocks formed from the surrounding Upper Cretaceous sedimentary and volcanic rocks (Mt. Prosara). Rb-Sr measurements carried out on granites and surrounding rhyolites from Mt. Pozeska Gora gave an isochron age of 71.2 +/- 2.5 Ma indicating their comagmatic origin. Major minerals of the granites are alkali feldspars and quartz with subordinate muscovite, biotite, and plagioclase. The rock association is predominantly varieties of alkali-feldspar granites with subordinate alkali-feldspar syenites and scarce diorites. Major- and trace-element contents are characteristic of leucocratic A-type granites associated with syenites containing high quantities of Zr. Discrimination diagrams based on immobile trace elements are not definitive with respect to the geotectonic setting of the granites. REE concentrations are slightly lower than in A-type granites elsewhere. Sr-isotopic compositions suggest that the granites were generated in partly-melted continental crust. A-granite magmas originated as a part of complex geodynamic processes which took place along a magmatic arc and subduction zone whose superficial relics can be traced in the adjoining areas of the northernmost Dinarides and the Pannonian Basin. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP PAMIC, J (reprint author), INST GEOL,SACHSOVA 2,YU-41000 ZAGREB,YUGOSLAVIA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0077-7757 J9 NEUES JB MINER ABH JI Neues Jahrb. Mineral.-Abh. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 162 IS 2 BP 215 EP 236 PG 22 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA ET688 UT WOS:A1991ET68800006 ER PT J AU FOORD, EE HLAVA, PF FITZPATRICK, JJ ERD, RC HINTON, RW AF FOORD, EE HLAVA, PF FITZPATRICK, JJ ERD, RC HINTON, RW TI MAXWELLITE AND SQUAWCREEKITE 2 NEW MINERAL FROM THE BLACK RANGE TIN DISTRICT, CATRON COUNTY, NEW-MEXICO, USA SO NEUES JAHRBUCH FUR MINERALOGIE-MONATSHEFTE LA English DT Article DE MAXWELLITE; SQUAWCREEKITE; DURANGITE GROUP; MO2 OXIDE; NEW MINERAL SPECIES; RHYOLITE; SQUAW CREEK; CATRON COUNTY; SIERRA COUNTY; NEW MEXICO AB Two new mineral species, maxwellite, ideally NaFe3+ (AsO4)F, and squawcreekite, ideally Fe3+Sb5+O4, have been found at the Squaw Creek tin prospect, Catron County, New Mexico. Tilasite and rare maxwellite also occur at a second tin prospect at Willow Spring Draw, Sierra County, New Mexico. Maxwellite is monoclinic, space group Aa or A2/a, a = 7.161(1), b = 8.780(2), c = 6.687(1) angstrom, beta = 114.58(1)-degrees, V = 382.4(6) angstrom 3, Z = 4, D(m) = 3.90(2), D(x) = 3.95 g/cm3. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are assigned to (d, I, hkl) 3.290(100)(211BAR), 3.039(75)(002), 2.614(80)(220), 4.844(70)(111BAR), 2.637(50)(031), 3.642(35)(120), 3.437(35)(111), 1.513 angstrom (35)(431BAR). The average composition is: Na2O 8.0, CaO 8.0, Fe2O3 14.0, MgO 3.5, Al2O3 5.0, TiO2 5.0, Mn2O3 0.5, SnO2 0.6, ZnO 0.1, As2O5 51.0, ZrO2 0.3, Nb2O5 0.2, Li2O 0.1, F 6.0 wt.%, total 102.3, O = F 2.5, total 99.8 wt.%. Optically, it is biaxial, positive, 2V(meas)86-degrees, 2V(calc)89-degrees, with n-alpha = 1.748(3), n-beta = 1.772(3), n-gamma = 1.798(3), gamma-alpha = 0.05, dispersion r > v, strong. X AND c = + 11-degrees, Y = b, Z AND a = + 35-degrees-30'. X = Y medium yellow orange, Z = dark orangish red, absorption Z > X = Y. Maxwellite is medium to dark red in color, with a medium to pale red-orange streak. Habit is blocky to short prismatic with forms, in decreasing order of importance, {013}, {526}, {526BAR}, {011}. Luster is vitreous, hardness 5 - 5.5, one good cleavage on {110}, fracture irregular to conchoidal. The mineral is strongly zoned chemically and somewhat color-zoned, showing solid solution towards both durangite, NaAlAsO4F, and tilasite, CaMgAsO4F. The name is in honor of CHARLES H. MAXWELL. Squawcreekite is tetragonal, space group P42/mnm, a = 4.6673(7), c = 3.1006(8) angstrom, V = 67.542(2) angstrom 3, Z = 2, D(x) = 6.04(2) g/cm3. The strongest lines in the X-ray powederdiffraction pattern are assigned to (d,I,hkl) 3.304(100)(110), 2.584(49)(101), 1.732(36)(211), 2.334(17)(200), 1.650(12)(220), 1.391 angstrom (10)(301). The chemical composition for two Sn- and Ti-bearing crystals is: SnO2 34.6, 22.7; Sb2O5 38.4, 45.5; Fe2O3 19.1, 23.2, TiO2 8.8, 5.3; Nb2O5 0.4, 0.1; Mn2O3 0.3, 0.0; Al2O3 0.3, 0.4; CaO 0.1, 0.1; SiO2 0.0, 0.0 wt.%; totals 101.9 and 97.4 wt.%, respectively. Optically, it is uniaxial, positive, nBAR (from reflectance data) = 2.21. Dispersion r < v weak, Z = c, N(o) pale yellow, N(e) medium yellow brown, absorption N(o) < N(e). The mineral is light to medium yellow-brown in color, with a very pale yellow-brown streak. Luster is adamantine, hardness 6 - 6.5, one possible imperfect cleavage on {100}. Crystals are euhedral, prismatic with forms {100}, {110}, {111}, and {101}. Twinning, by rotation about [101], is present in some crystals. The mineral is usually mantled by epitaxial Fe- and Sb-bearing cassiterite that grades outward to normal cassiterite. The name is for the locality. C1 UNIV EDINBURGH,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,EDINBURGH GH9 3JW,SCOTLAND. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. SANDIA NATL LABS,DIV 1822,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP FOORD, EE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 905,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0028-3649 J9 NEUES JB MINER MONAT JI Neues Jahrb. Mineral.-Mon.hefte PY 1991 IS 8 BP 363 EP 384 PG 22 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA GD786 UT WOS:A1991GD78600003 ER PT J AU HOUGHTON, BF LLOYD, EF WILSON, CJN LANPHERE, MA AF HOUGHTON, BF LLOYD, EF WILSON, CJN LANPHERE, MA TI K-AR AGES FROM THE WESTERN DOME BELT AND ASSOCIATED RHYOLITIC LAVAS IN THE MAROA TAUPO AREA, TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE, NEW-ZEALAND SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Note DE TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE; WESTERN DOME BELT; VOLCANISM; LAVA DOME; K-AR; RHYOLITE, OBSIDIAN AB The Western Dome Belt is a 32 km long belt of rhyolitic lava domes west of Maroa caldera. New K-Ar age data suggest that the belt was a significant locus of extrusive volcanism between the voluminous pyroclastic Whakamaru eruption(s), and the onset of caldera formation at Maroa, during which time it marked the western boundary of rhyolitic volcanism in Taupo Volcanic Zone. A smaller, younger cluster of lava flows and domes to the south at Ben Lomond station forms part of a transitional region between the youthful Maroa and Taupo calderas. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT GEOL,CAMBRIDGE,ENGLAND. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP HOUGHTON, BF (reprint author), DSIR,POB 499,WELLINGTON,NEW ZEALAND. RI Wilson, Colin/E-9457-2011 OI Wilson, Colin/0000-0001-7565-0743 NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIR PUBLISHING PI WELLINGTON PA PO BOX 399, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND SN 0028-8306 J9 NEW ZEAL J GEOL GEOP JI N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. PY 1991 VL 34 IS 1 BP 99 EP 101 PG 3 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA GE237 UT WOS:A1991GE23700012 ER PT J AU SANDBERG, CA GUTSCHICK, RC PETERSEN, MS POOLE, FG ZIEGLER, W AF SANDBERG, CA GUTSCHICK, RC PETERSEN, MS POOLE, FG ZIEGLER, W TI DELLE PHOSPHATIC MEMBER - AN ANOMALOUS PHOSPHATIC INTERVAL IN THE MISSISSIPPIAN (OSAGEAN-MERAMECIAN) SHELF SEQUENCE OF CENTRAL UTAH - COMMENT SO NEWSLETTERS ON STRATIGRAPHY LA English DT Note AB A recent paper in GEOLOGY by NICHOLS & SILBERLING (1990), based largely on petrographic interpretations, has seriously challenged the use of fossils and the concept of biofaciers in interpreting environments of deposition and paleotectonic settings. The page restrictions for that journal do not permit publication of even our short Comment in its entirety. Because of the misunderstanding of paleontology in the original paper and the implied criticism of deep-water interpretations of deep-water sedimentation in Germany and elsewhere in Europe, the full Comment is presented here. RP SANDBERG, CA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEBRUDER BORNTRAEGER PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESSTR 3A, D-70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0078-0421 J9 NEWSL STRATIGR JI Newsl. Stratigr. PY 1991 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Geology SC Geology GA FM370 UT WOS:A1991FM37000005 ER PT J AU TANNER, AB AF TANNER, AB TI ERROR IN MEASURING RADON IN SOIL GAS BY MEANS OF PASSIVE DETECTORS SO NUCLEAR GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Passive detection of radon isotopes depends on diffusion of radon atoms from the sites of their generation to the location of the detecting or collecting device. Because some radon decays en route to a passive detector in soil, the radon concentration measured by the detector must be less than the concentration in those soil pores where it is undiminished by diffusion to the detector cavity. The true radon concentration may be significantly underestimated in moist soils. RP TANNER, AB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,990 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0969-8086 J9 NUCL GEOPHYS JI Nucl. Geophys. PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA FE006 UT WOS:A1991FE00600004 ER PT J AU FAUTH, PT KREMENTZ, DG HINES, JE AF FAUTH, PT KREMENTZ, DG HINES, JE TI ECTOPARASITISM AND THE ROLE OF GREEN NESTING MATERIAL IN THE EUROPEAN STARLING SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE STURNUS-VULGARIS; GREEN NESTING MATERIAL; NEST PROTECTION HYPOTHESIS; ECTOPARASITISM; POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; NESTLINGS; CONSTANT AB The use of green nesting material is widespread among birds. Recent evidence suggests that birds use secondary chemicals contained in green plants to control ectoparasites. We manipulated green nesting material and ectoparasites of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to test two hypotheses: (1) ectoparasites adversely affect prefledging survival and morphometrics or postfledging survival, and (2) green nesting material ameliorates the effects of ectoparasites. We recorded fat score, numbers of scabs, tarsal length, body mass, and hematocrit level on each nestling 17 days after hatching. We also fitted each nestling with unique patagial tags and resighted the starlings for 6-8 weeks after fledging to estimate survival and sighting rates. Nests devoid of green nesting material and dusted with the insecticide, carbaryl, had fewer high ectoparasite infestations, and nestlings had significantly lower scab scores, and significantly higher body masses than nestlings in undusted boxes. However, there was no difference in postfledging survival between birds from carbaryl-treated and undusted nests. There also was no difference in prefledging survival and morphometrics or postfledging survival between nestlings from boxes with and without green nesting material. These results do not support the hypothesis that starlings use green nesting material to control nest ectoparasites. We suggest an alternative hypothesis; green nesting material is used for mate selection or pairbonding in the starling. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ZOOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 37 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 22 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PY 1991 VL 88 IS 1 BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1007/BF00328399 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GG562 UT WOS:A1991GG56200004 PM 28312727 ER PT J AU BATES, AL HATCHER, PG LERCH, HE CECIL, CB NEUZIL, SG SUPARDI AF BATES, AL HATCHER, PG LERCH, HE CECIL, CB NEUZIL, SG SUPARDI TI STUDIES OF A PEATIFIED ANGIOSPERM LOG CROSS-SECTION FROM INDONESIA BY NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY AND ANALYTICAL PYROLYSIS SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE LIGNIN; CELLULOSE; ANGIOSPERM; PEATIFICATION; SOLID-STATE C-13 NMR; ANALYTICAL PYROLYSIS ID C-13 NMR-SPECTRA; EARLY COALIFICATION; XYLEM TISSUE; BURIED WOODS; BROWN COAL; GYMNOSPERM; PEATIFICATION; LIGNINS AB Samples from a 10 cm cross-sectional radius of a peatified angiosperm log from Sumatra, Indonesia, were examined by C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and pyrolysis-gas chromatography in order to understand chemical changes due to the peatification process. NMR results show degradation by selective loss of carbohydrates in all parts of the log section compared with fresh wood; however, the degree of degradation is less near the center of the log section. The degree of ring substitution of aromatic lignin monomeric units, as measured by dipolar dephasing NMR methods, appears to be less at the center of the log section than at the periphery. The methoxyl carbon content of lignin in the log is lower than in unaltered angiospermous lignin but does not appear to chage as a function of either radial position or the degree of aromatic ring substitution. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography indicates higher yields of catechols in the outer areas relative to the heartwood. Other than the variations in catechol contents and in yields of carbohydrate-derived pyrolysis products (e.g. levoglucosan, angelicalactones), the pyrolysis results do not show significant changes related to radial position, indicating that the lignin is not significantly altered across the log section. C1 DIRECTORATE MINERAL RESOURCES,BANDUNG,INDONESIA. RP BATES, AL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1016/0146-6380(91)90038-L PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EU545 UT WOS:A1991EU54500004 ER PT J AU HATCHER, PG WILSON, MA AF HATCHER, PG WILSON, MA TI THE EFFECT OF SAMPLE HYDRATION ON C-13 CPMAS NMR-SPECTRA OF FULVIC-ACIDS SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ARMADALE; SUWANNEE; FULVIC ACIDS HYDRATION; C-13-NMR; SPECTRA ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; AROMATICITY AB Three fulvic acids, two of which have been well studied by a number of other groups (Armadale and Suwannee river fulvic acids) have been examined by high resolution solid-state C-13-NMR techniques to delineate the effect of absorbed water. Two main effects of absorbed water were observed: (1) changes in spin lattice relaxation times in the rotating frame and cross polarization times and (2) total loss of signal so that some fulvic acid is effectively in solution. These results suggest that discrepancies in the literature concerning observed relative signal intensities from different structural groups are due to absorbed water and emphasize the necessity for proper precautionary drying before spectroscopic analysis. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. CSIRO,DIV COAL TECHNOL,N RYDE,NSW 2113,AUSTRALIA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 3 BP 293 EP 299 DI 10.1016/0146-6380(91)90092-X PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FF496 UT WOS:A1991FF49600002 ER PT J AU BOSTICK, NH BETTERTON, WJ GLUSKOTER, HJ ISLAM, MN AF BOSTICK, NH BETTERTON, WJ GLUSKOTER, HJ ISLAM, MN TI PETROGRAPHY OF PERMIAN GONDWANA COALS FROM BOREHOLES IN NORTHWESTERN BANGLADESH, BASED ON SEMIAUTOMATED REFLECTANCE SCANNING SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOC FOR ORGANIC PETROLOGY CY OCT 29-31, 1989 CL URBANA, IL SP SOC ORGAN PETR DE BANGLADESH; COAL; PETROGRAPHY; AUTOMATION; CHEMISTRY; PERMIAN; INERTINITE; REFLECTANCE ID AUTOMATIC IMAGE-ANALYSIS AB Drilling through Quaternary alluvium and Tertiary cover at low-gravity anomalies in northwestern Bangladesh showed the presence of Perimian sedimentary rocks in depressions that may be as much as a thousand meters deep in the crystalline basement. These Permian strata include low-sulfur, high-volatile bituminous coals in beds as thick as 15 m. The maceral group composition of these coals was determined by semiautomated reflectance scanning with a motorized microscope stage, rather than by point counting. This method was chosen to give objectively recorded raw analytical data and to provide a graphical picture of each sample. The coals are mostly "Gondwana" type (poorly layered "plum pudding" with abundant minerals and inertinite in a vitrinite groundmass) that would be classed as semi-dull (inerto-gelitite) coals. However, six samples have more than 70% vitrinite. None of the samples would be classed as sapropelic (liptinitic). The upper, middle, and lower main seams in borehole GDH-45 were sampled in 10 benches (0.1-3 m thick) each. Inertinite ranges from 7 to 100 vol% (mineral free basis) in individual benches, but composite seam averages are 41, 54 and 67%. Inertinite increases toward the top of two main seams so the bottom would yield the most valuable first mine slices. Some benches with extremely high inertinite content, such as the top 7 m of the lower thick seam, might be mined specially for blending with foreign low-inert coals to icrease coke strength. The free swelling index reaches 7.5 in several vitrinite-rich benches, which can indicate good coking coal. Much of the vitrinite is fluorescent, which indicates secondary bituminization characteristic of vitrinite in good coking coals. Ash yields range from 8 to 52%, with composite seam averages of 15, 14 and 24%. Rare visible pyrite is in veinlets or small nodules; framboids and dispersed pyrite are absent. In borehole GDH-40 near Barapukuria (200-500 m depth), the mean random reflectance of vitrinite "A" ranges from 0.60 to 0.80% R(o) and vitrinite "B" ranges from 0.55 to 0.65%. In borehole GDH-45 near Khalaspir (287-442 m), the reflectance of vitrinite ranges from 0.79 to 0.94%. In individual cases, the vitrinite is difficult to define because of semivitrinite at higher reflectance (forming a separate peak on several reflectograms) and because of surface bitumen films or resinous (?) inclusions at lower reflectance. On the basis of vitrinite reflectance, the coals can be considered to have entered the "main phase of bitumen generation" of organic thermal maturation as understood in petroleum geochemistry. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. GEOL SURV BANGLADESH,DHAKA 1000,BANGLADESH. RP BOSTICK, NH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS-971,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 4 BP 399 EP 413 DI 10.1016/0146-6380(91)90106-T PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FW023 UT WOS:A1991FW02300002 ER PT J AU TRIPLEHORN, DM STANTON, RW RUPPERT, LF CROWLEY, SS AF TRIPLEHORN, DM STANTON, RW RUPPERT, LF CROWLEY, SS TI VOLCANIC ASH DISPERSED IN THE WYODAK-ANDERSON COAL BED, POWDER RIVER BASIN, WYOMING SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE VOLCANIC ASH; COAL; POWDER RIVER BASIN; WYODAK-ANDERSON; WYOMING; PALEOCENE; TONGUE RIVER MEMBER; FORT UNION FORMATION; TONSTEIN ID PALEOCENE; ORIGIN; USA AB Minerals derived from air-fall volcanic ash were found in two zones in the upper Paleocene Wyodak-Anderson coal bed of the Fort Union Formation in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming, and are the first reported evidence of such volcanic material in this thick (> 20 m) coal bed. The volcanic minerals occur in zones that are not visually obvious because they contain little or no clay. These zones were located by geophysical logs of the boreholes and X-ray radiography of the cores. The zones correspond to two of a series of incremental core samples of the coal bed that have anomalous concentrations of Zr, Ba, Nb, Sr, and P2O5. Two suites of minerals were found in both of the high-density zones. A primary suite (not authigenic) consists of silt-sized quartz grains, biotite, and minor zircon. A minor sutie consists of authigenic minerals, including calcite, pyrite, kaolinite, quartz, anatase, barite, and an alumino-phosphate (crandallite?). The original volcanic ash is inferred to have consisted of silica glass containing phenocrysts of quartz, biotite, zircon, and, possibly, associated feldspars, pyroxenes, and amphiboles. The glass, as well as the less stable minerals, probably dissolved relatively quickly and contributed to the minor authigenic mineral suite or was removed from the peat as a result of the prevailing hydrologic conditions present in a raised peat formation. This type of volcanic ash suggests that suggests that volcanic material could have rained on the peat; this fallout may have also had a fertilizing effect on the peat by providing nutrients essential for plant growth thus contributing to the thick accumulations of the Wyodak-Anderson bed. Notwithstanding, the presence of these minerals provides evidence for the contribution by volcanic sources to the mineral content of coal, but not as tonsteins. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP TRIPLEHORN, DM (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. OI Ruppert, Leslie/0000-0002-7453-1061 NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 4 BP 567 EP 575 DI 10.1016/0146-6380(91)90119-5 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FW023 UT WOS:A1991FW02300015 ER PT J AU CLAYTON, JL RICE, DD MICHAEL, GE AF CLAYTON, JL RICE, DD MICHAEL, GE TI OIL-GENERATING COALS OF THE SAN-JUAN BASIN, NEW-MEXICO AND COLORADO, USA SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 1990 NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC : COAL AND TERRESTRIAL ORGANIC MATTER AT A SOURCE ROCK FOR PETROLEUM CY APR 23-24, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV GEOCHEM DE COAL; SAN JUAN BASIN; PETROLEUM; COLORADO; NEW-MEXICO; PYROLYSIS; VITRINITE ID SANDSTONE; PETROLEUM AB Coal beds of the Upper Cretaceous Fruitland Formation in the San Juan Basin of northwestern New Mexico and southwestern Colorado have significant liquid hydrocarbon generation potential as indicated by typical Rock-Eval Hydrogen Indexes in the range of 200-400 mg hydrocarbon/g organic carbon (type II and III organic matter). Small, non-commercial quantities of oil have been produced from the coal beds at several locations. The oils are characterized by high pristane/phytane (ca 4) and pristane/n-C-17 ratios (ca 1.2), abundant C21+ alkanes in the C10+ fraction with a slight predominance of odd carbon-numbered n-alkanes, abundant branched-chain alkanes in the C15+ region, and a predominance of methylcyclohexane in the C4-C10 fraction. The oils are indigenous to the Fruitland Formation coals and probably migrated at thermal maturities corresponding to vitrinite reflectance values in the range 0.7-0.8%. Although the oils found to date are not present in commercial amounts, these findings illustrate the potential of some coals to generate and expel oil under conditions of moderate thermal heating. C1 CONOCO INC,PONCA CITY,OK 74603. RP CLAYTON, JL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 14 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 6 BP 735 EP 742 DI 10.1016/0146-6380(91)90017-E PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA GJ385 UT WOS:A1991GJ38500008 ER PT J AU SCOTT, DH RICE, JW DOHM, JM AF SCOTT, DH RICE, JW DOHM, JM TI MARTIAN PALEOLAKES AND WATERWAYS - EXOBIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS SO ORIGINS OF LIFE AND EVOLUTION OF THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID MARS; VALLEYS; ORIGIN; EARTH; VOLATILES; EVOLUTION; CHANNELS; CLIMATE; AGE AB The problems of how warm and wet Mars once was and when climate transitions may have occurred are not well understood. Mars may have had an early environment similar to Earth's that was conductive to the ermergence of life. In addition, increasing geologic evidence indicates that water, upon which terrestrial life depends, has been present on Mars throughout its history. This evidence suggests that life could have developed not only on early Mars but also over longer periods of time in longer lasting, more clement local environments. Indications of past or present life most likely would be found in areas where liquid water existed in sufficient quantities to provide for the needs of biological systems. We suggest that paleolakes may have provided such environments. Unlike the case on Earth, this record of the origin and evolution of life has probably not been erased by extensive deformation of the Martian surface. Our work has identified eleven prospective areas where large lacustrine basins may once have existed. These areas are important for future biological, geological, and climatological investigations. RP SCOTT, DH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. RI Dohm, James/A-3831-2014 NR 38 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-6149 J9 ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B JI Orig. Life Evol. Biosph. PY 1991 VL 21 IS 3 BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.1007/BF01809447 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA GW818 UT WOS:A1991GW81800008 ER PT J AU BENSON, LV MEYERS, PA SPENCER, RJ AF BENSON, LV MEYERS, PA SPENCER, RJ TI CHANGE IN THE SIZE OF WALKER LAKE DURING THE PAST 5000 YEARS SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAHONTAN BASIN; PYRAMID LAKE; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; NEVADA; CARBONATE; PRECIPITATION; CALCITE AB In 1984, a 12-m sediment core (WLC84-8) was taken from the deepest part of Walker Lake. Samples of the core were analysed for diatoms, pollen, carbonate mineralogy, magnesium content, delta-O-18 and delta-C-13 values of the total inorganic fraction, delta-O-18 and delta-C-13 values of Limnocythere ceriotuberosa, delta-C-13 values of the total organic fraction, grain size, and magnetic susceptibility. The data indicate that Walker Lake became shallow and probably desiccated between greater-than-or-equal-to 5300-4800 and 2700-2100 yr B.P. Each of the organic and inorganic proxy indicators of lake size discussed in this paper was useful in determining the presence of the shallow-lake intervals. However, none of the indicators was useful in determining the cause of the shallow-lake intervals. Instead, the types of fish living in Walker Lake prior to 1940 were used to demonstrate that shallow-lake intervals resulted from diversion of the Walker River and not from climatic aridity. Major changes in mineralogy and magnesium content of carbonates and major changes in diatom populations with time were found to be a function of the chemical evolution of Walker Lake combined with changing lake size. The stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon were found to be good indicators of lake volume changes. A lake-level record for Walker Lake constructed from stable-isotope data was found to be similar to a lake-level record constructed using tufa and tree-stump data. Both records indicate relatively high lake levels between 4800-2700 yr B.P., at 1250 yr B.P., and within the last 300 yr. Substantial declines in lake level occurred approximately 2000 and approximately 1000 yr B.P. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT GEOL SCI,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV CALGARY,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,CALGARY T2N 1N4,ALBERTA,CANADA. RP BENSON, LV (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. OI Meyers, Philip/0000-0002-9709-7528 NR 49 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 81 IS 3-4 BP 189 EP 214 DI 10.1016/0031-0182(91)90147-J PG 26 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA EX643 UT WOS:A1991EX64300002 ER PT J AU SCHABER, GG AF SCHABER, GG TI VOLCANISM ON VENUS AS INFERRED FROM THE MORPHOMETRY OF LARGE SHIELDS SO PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LAKSHMI-PLANUM; ISHTAR-TERRA; PLATE-TECTONICS; ALBA-PATERA; MARS; EVOLUTION; BELTS; EARTH; FLOW; DEFORMATION AB The surface of Venus possesses a wide variety of volcanic styles and landforms that provide clues both to the physical and chemical properties of the magma and to the nature of the crust and lithosphere. Prior to acquisition of Magellan data, broad and low domes interpreted as shields have been found to be the most convenient volcanic edifices on Venus for morphometric study using radar data from Earth-based observatories and from Pioneer Venus and Venera 15/16 spacecraft. The gross shapes and estimated volumes of 12 such features larger than 250 km in basal diameter between latitudes 20-degrees and 90-degrees-N are described and compared with volcanos on Mars and the Hawaiian Big Island shield complex. The flattened profile of the average large venusian shield is attributed primarily to (1) the density contrast between lava and rocks between the source and the surface, (2) large volumes of low-viscosity magmas erupted at high effusion rates, and (3) the inferred presence of flanking vents and larva tubes that may act to distribute lavas great distances from the summit regions. The measured heights of the shields are used in conjunction with a reasonable range of magma and rock densities to estimate the depths to deep magma sources, giving an average depth to melting of 25 km beneath the venusian plains with a range in depth of 3 to 40 km. These values coincide with independent estimates of the average crustal thickness on Venus. RP SCHABER, GG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 74 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LUNAR AND PLANETARY INST PI HOUSTON PA 3600 BAY AREA BLVD, HOUSTON, TX 77058 SN 0270-9511 J9 P LUNAR PLANET SCI PY 1991 VL 21 BP 3 EP 11 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MG413 UT WOS:A1991MG41300002 ER PT J AU JAMES, OB LINDSTROM, MM MCGEE, JJ AF JAMES, OB LINDSTROM, MM MCGEE, JJ TI LUNAR FERROAN ANORTHOSITE-60025 - PETROLOGY AND CHEMISTRY OF MAFIC LITHOLOGIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOON; CRUST; PETROGENESIS; MELT AB Lunar ferroan anorthosites are generally thought to be relics of the Moon's primordial crust, formed by flotation and accumulation of plagioclase atop a differentiating, Moon-wide magma ocean. Our research is aimed at better understanding the petrogenesis of ferroan anorthosites by establishing the exact nature and causes of compositional variations in the minerals of these rocks. We have studied 11 splits from the mafic-mineral-rich part of anorthosite 60025. All splits were analyzed by INAA, and five were studied intensively by petrologic techniques; these were three mafic-mineral splits, a plagioclase split, and a whole-rock split. The splits have widely varied modes; dominant minerals are plagioclase, inverted pigeonite, and olivine. All splits have similar cataclastic textures and show textural evidence of at least two episodes of deformation. The mafic-mineral splits and the plagioclase split contain homogeneous mafic minerals (relatively magnesian and relatively ferroan, respectively) and are probably monomict. The whole-rock split contains mafic minerals having a wide range of compositions and is probably polymict, a mechanical mixture of several ferroan anorthosite parent rocks. The parent rocks were a group of coarse-grained igneous cumulates that differed widely in mode and mg' of their mafic minerals. Our studies of rare-earth distribution in the splits indicate that the rare-earth patterns for all splits can be duplicated satisfactorily assuming that the equilibrium liquids had flat, or nearly flat, chondrite-normalized rare-earth patterns. The equilibrium liquid for the mafic-mineral splits appears to have been richer in rare-earth elements than the equilibrium liquid for the plagioclase split. Minor-element compositions of the pyroxenes from all splits show trends suggesting that they all could have formed from a single, evolving parent magma. The plagioclases in all splits are virtually identical. They show good negative correlations of MgO, FeO, and K2O with An content; trends for these minor elements vs. An are virtually the same in all splits, no matter what the composition of the associated mafic minerals. The nature of the trends indicates that the variations are preserved igneous variations. Our data indicate that in ferroan anorthosites An content in plagioclase and mg' of associated mafic minerals are not strongly correlated. This observation suggests that complex processes operated during crystallization of these rocks. The nature of these processes is as yet unresolved. C1 NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77058. RP JAMES, OB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,959 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU LUNAR AND PLANETARY INST PI HOUSTON PA 3600 BAY AREA BLVD, HOUSTON, TX 77058 SN 0270-9511 J9 P LUNAR PLANET SCI PY 1991 VL 21 BP 63 EP 87 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MG413 UT WOS:A1991MG41300006 ER PT J AU PREMO, WR TATSUMOTO, M AF PREMO, WR TATSUMOTO, M TI U-TH-PB ISOTOPIC SYSTEMATICS OF LUNAR NORITE-78235 SO PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LIQUID; CRUST AB Presently favored models predict large U-Pb fractionatations during die Moon's earliest stages of evolution. Thus far, the extent of those fractionations is poorly constrained Ancient lunar highland rocks may provide evidence of initial Pb isotopic compositions and U/Pb ratios of early lunar magma sources and possibly of a primary magma ocean. For these purposes, we chose to study 78235, a pristine, high-Mg noritic cumulate thought to be relict, ancient, deep-seated lunar crust. This rock however, shows extensive shock-melt deformation was originally considered too damaged for a success isotopic study, and contains nonpristine components including impact-melt glass with Fe-Co-Ni metal of probable meteoritic origin. A leaching procedure was conducted on polymineralic separates in order to assure the removal of secondary Pb components. The Pb from leached separates (residues) do not form a linear trend on the Pb-Pb diagram, indicating open-system behavior either from mixtures of Pb or postcrystallization disturbances. Scatter in the U-Th-Pb data on evolution diagrams contributes to nonprecise ages and initial Pb compositions for 78235. In spite of these difficulties, we can present calculated initial Pb compositions and corresponding U-238/Pb-204 (mu) values, assuming reasonably precise radiometric ages from the literature for norite 78236. For example, on a concordia diagram and using initial Pb values equal to the isotopic composition of Canyon Diablo troilite (CDT), the U-Pb isotopic data from three residues of 78235 define a discordia, yielding an upper-intercept age of 4.426 +/- 0.065 Ga and a lower-intercept age of 3.93 +/-0.21 Ga The upper-intercept age is very similar to a Sm-Nd internal isochron age from the literature and is interpreted as the primary crystallization age of the norite. The lower-intercept age apparently dates the shock-melt event and is indistinguishable from that defined by Tera et al.'s ( 1974) cataclysm array. With the use of initial Pb values similar to those of CDT, the source of the norite must have had a mu value sufficiently low (e.g., <50) over a maximum span of approximately 135 m.y. so as not to greatly alter these initial values. These results would support the contention that high-Mg suite rocks are coeval with the ferroan anorthosites, both being produced during the earliest stages of lunar evolution. However, at least one other radiometric age determination from the literature, a Sm-Nd internal isochron age of 4.34 +/- 0.04 Ga for norite 78236, is in conflict with the 4.43 Ga age. This younger age can also be calculated from our U-Pb data by using more radiogenic initial Pb values than those of CDT. For example, an initial composition of Pb-206/Pb-204 = 44.2 and Pb-207/Pb-204 = 74.8, corresponding to a source with mu = 508, assuming a single-stage Pb evolution from CDT Pb values and 4.56 Ga as the age of the Moon, yields an upper-intercept age of 4.34 +/- 0.07 Ga. Assuming this age for the norite, the U-Pb data indicate that high-Mg suite rocks were derived from sources with high-mu values (e.g., >300) and support the idea that these rocks postdate the ferroan anorthosites. Resolution of the discrepancy about the nature of the source of the norite must await determination of a more precise age, probably best approached using the U-Pb zircon or badellyite method. RP PREMO, WR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, ISOTOPE GEOL BRANCH, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU LUNAR AND PLANETARY INST PI HOUSTON PA 3600 BAY AREA BLVD, HOUSTON, TX 77058 SN 0270-9511 J9 P LUNAR PLANET SCI PY 1991 VL 21 BP 89 EP 100 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MG413 UT WOS:A1991MG41300007 ER PT J AU SPUDIS, PD RYDER, G TAYLOR, GJ MCCORMICK, KA KEIL, K GRIEVE, RAF AF SPUDIS, PD RYDER, G TAYLOR, GJ MCCORMICK, KA KEIL, K GRIEVE, RAF TI SOURCES OF MINERAL FRAGMENTS IN IMPACT MELT-15445 AND MELT-15455 - TOWARD THE ORIGIN OF LOW-K FRA-MAURO BASALT SO PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LUNAR HIGHLANDS; PETROLOGY; CHEMISTRY; CRUST; MOON; MELT AB The low-K Fra Mauro (LKFM) basalt composition is common among the melt breccias sampled by the Apollo missions to the lunar highlands. We analyzed major and minor elements in mineral clasts in the lunar LKFM impact melts 15445 and 15455, which may represent Imbrium Basin impact melt, to determine their provenance. Most mineral clasts in these rocks are olivines and plagioclases; pyroxenes are minor. By comparison with the composition of mineral grains in pristine lunar igneous rocks, most of the mineral debris found in 15445 and 15455 appears to be derived from troctolites of the Mg-suite; moreover, these troctolites are not completely represented by sampled Apollo pristine rocks. We find no definitive evidence for the presence of mineral clasts derived from either mare basalts or ferroan anorthosites. Similarly, the LKFM ''missing component'' (the chemical end member that dominates the LKFM melt matrix) is not present (or is very sparse) as either mineral or lithic clastic debris in these melt rocks. The LKFM melt and the clasts represent distinct types of source material; moreover, the mineral clasts and larger lithic class may themselves represent sources distinct from each other. We cannot yet explain the lack of clastic material derived from the LKFM source; it is possible that the missing chemical component of LKFM could have been a magma, existing within the crust 3.9 Ga ago, and was either ejected intact to form LKFM melt rocks or was mixed with other shock-melted crustal and mantle rocks to produce the LKFM composition. The lack of ferroan anorthosite in these LKFM rocks indicates either that (1) ferroan anorthosite was never present in the basin target site, (2) there was extensive removal of a primordial anorthosite crust in the Imbrium Basin target region by a variety of complex processes, including both impact erosion and crustal magmatism, or (3) some poorly understood aspect of the impact process itself precluded the participation of upper crustal (anorthositic) material in the petrogenesis of the impact melt. C1 GEOL SURVEY CANADA,DIV GEOPHYS,OTTAWA K1A 0Y3,ON,CANADA. UNIV HAWAII,SCH OCEAN EARTH SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,HONOLULU,HI 96822. LUNAR & PLANETARY INST,HOUSTON,TX 77058. RP SPUDIS, PD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,ASTROGEOL BRANCH,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU LUNAR AND PLANETARY INST PI HOUSTON PA 3600 BAY AREA BLVD, HOUSTON, TX 77058 SN 0270-9511 J9 P LUNAR PLANET SCI PY 1991 VL 21 BP 151 EP 165 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MG413 UT WOS:A1991MG41300011 ER PT J AU SWINDLE, TD SPUDIS, PD TAYLOR, GJ KOROTEV, RL NICHOLS, RH OLINGER, CT AF SWINDLE, TD SPUDIS, PD TAYLOR, GJ KOROTEV, RL NICHOLS, RH OLINGER, CT TI SEARCHING FOR CRISIUM BASIN EJECTA - CHEMISTRY AND AGES OF LUNA-20 IMPACT MELTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRONT FACE BASINS; AR-40-AR-39 STANDARDS; ABSOLUTE AGES; BRECCIAS; MOON AB We have performed chemical (INAA) and chronological (Ar-40-Ar-39) analyses of six Luna 20 impact melts, and compared these to the results of Podosek et al. ( 1973), commonty taken to be representative of the Crisium Basin impact. At least two chemical groups of impact melts are identified One is interpreted as melts derived from the local crust by craters over the last 3.9 Ga. Another group, which includes one of the samples dated by Podosek et al. (1973), is chemically and chronologically (3.85 +/-0.02 Ga) indistinguishable from Apollo 17 samples interpreted as Serenitatis impact melts, and hence could be melt formed by that event and deposited at the Luna 20 site. One sample (22023,3,F) has a well-defined age of 3.895 +/- 0.017 Ga, and is chemically similar to, but distinct from, impact melts from other basins. We tentatively identify this sample, and its chemistry and age, with the Crisium Basin impact. Whether the age of the Crisium impact is given by 22023,3,F, the samples analyzed by Podosek et al. (1973), or neither, it is clear that Crisium impact melt is not abundant in the Luna 20 collection. C1 UNIV HAWAII,SCH OCEAN EARTH SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,HONOLULU,HI 96822. US GEOL SURVEY,ASTROGEOL BRANCH,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. WASHINGTON UNIV,MCDONNELL CTR SPACE SCI,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. RP SWINDLE, TD (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,LUNAR & PLANETARY LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU LUNAR AND PLANETARY INST PI HOUSTON PA 3600 BAY AREA BLVD, HOUSTON, TX 77058 SN 0270-9511 J9 P LUNAR PLANET SCI PY 1991 VL 21 BP 167 EP 181 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MG413 UT WOS:A1991MG41300012 ER PT J AU MOORE, HJ THOMPSON, TW AF MOORE, HJ THOMPSON, TW TI A RADAR-ECHO MODEL FOR MARS SO PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SURFACE PROPERTIES; SITES AB We have developed a radar-echo model for Mars based on 12.6-cm continuous-wave radio transmissions backscattered from the planet. In our model, Mars' surface is divided into radar map units that are based on generalized geologic map units; the radar map units are further subdivided using thermal inertias because the geologic units are insufficient to account for the quasispecular echoes. For cratered uplands and northern plains units, model depolarized and polarized diffuse echoes are uniformly bright, but polarized-diffuse echoes are three times stronger than the depolarized ones. For volcanic units, depolarized and polarized-diffuse echoes are Lambertian and of equal strength. Quasispecular echoes are computed using Hagfors' scattering law. Assignments of depolarized-echo strengths, normal reflectivities, and root-mean-square (rms) slopes for the radar map units were guided by experience, thermal inertias, and data on quasispecular echoes, and then adjusted by trial and error methods to best fit the data. Regional slopes are not included in the model. Our model contains 118 radar-scattering units. The most important ones can be characterized as follows: (1) extensive cratered uplands (background) with weak depolarized echoes (0.01), average thermal inertias, moderate reflectivities (0.095), and moderate rms slopes (3.2-degrees); (2 ) volcanic units of the Tharsis, Elysium, and Amazons regions with strong depolarized echoes (0.04-0.133), low thermal inertias, small reflectivities (0.025-0.050), and large rms slopes (6-degrees-20-degrees); and (3) northern plains units with moderate to strong depolarized echoes (0.017-0.045), moderate to very high thermal inertias, moderate to large reflectivities (0.075-0.15), and moderate rms slopes (3-degrees-5-degrees). Arabia, an extensive unit of upland that is mantled by dust, has a weak depolarized echo (0.007), low thermal inertia, small reflectivity (0.05), and small rms slope (3.0-degrees ). Like the 1986 Goldstone observations along 7-degrees-S: (1) model depolarized-echo total cross sections vary with longitude as a one-cycle curve with a maximum near 135-degrees and a minimum near 330-degrees-W; (2) model polarized-echo total cross sections vary with longitude as a two-cycle curve with maxima near 30-degrees and 240-degrees-W and minima near 130-degrees and 330-degrees-W; (3) model ratios of depolarized-and polarized-echo total cross sections vary with longitude as a one-cycle curve; and (4) model depolarized- and polarized-echo spectra, as well as ratios of the two, resemble the complex observed spectra. Our model also broadly matches the variation in depolarized- and polarized-echo total cross sections (and their ratios) observed by Arecibo in 1980-1982 along 22-degrees-N. Our model illustrates the complexity of echo spectra that arises from a mixture of surface units with different scattering properties. We also conclude that there are two dominant populations of surfaces that have distinct echo properties and that there is general agreement between the quasispecular echo reflectivities of our model and those of many other radar observations of Mars. C1 JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. RP MOORE, HJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LUNAR AND PLANETARY INST PI HOUSTON PA 3600 BAY AREA BLVD, HOUSTON, TX 77058 SN 0270-9511 J9 P LUNAR PLANET SCI PY 1991 VL 21 BP 457 EP 472 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MG413 UT WOS:A1991MG41300032 ER PT J AU SCOTT, DH UNDERWOOD, JR AF SCOTT, DH UNDERWOOD, JR TI MOTTLED TERRAIN - A CONTINUING MARTIAN ENIGMA SO PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARS; PLAINS; ICE AB The northern lowlands of Mars are largely covered by plains materials that overall are mottled light and dark, a characteristic that is apparent on both Mariner and Viking images. These rocks lack primary morphological characteristics that might be indicative of their origin, and are probably the most ambiguous materials on all martian images. Early studies used Mariner 9 images, which showed a hummocky, mottled surface encircling the planet between about latitudes 50-degrees and 70-degrees-N. The Mariner pictures were degraded in this zone by atmospheric haze and high sun angles, which blurred them and produced high-albedo contrasts; because significant morphologic variations were not recognized, the entire region was mapped as mottled plains material, a single geologic unit. Although image quality was poor, the mottling of the plains could be seen to result from albedo contrasts between numerous bright crater-ejecta blankets and dark intercrater plains material; also contributing to this effect were many dark-crested knobs, some having long, narrow, bright windstreaks or summit craters with bright interiors. The mottled plains were variously interpreted to consist of lava flows and knobby remnants of the highlands to the south, aeolian and volcanic materials, ancient terrain and pedestal craters exhumed by wind erosion, erosion material cemented by permafrost, or volatile-rich deposits. Recent global geologic mapping of Mars using high-quality Viking images has subdivided the mottled terrain into four members that constitute the Vastitas Borealis Formation of Late Hesperian age. The members are largely distinguished by secondary morphologic characteristics and are described in those areas of the lowland plains where they most commonty occur. Although the formation is postulated to consist largely of volcanic materials, its surface has been highly modified by fluvial, aeolian, and probably glaciotectonic processes to varying degrees; the composition and origin of its members are thus still uncertain and the vast northern plains remain the most enigmatic region on Mars. However, their great areal extent, varied geology, overall low elevation, and possible presence of lacustrine basins make diem potential areas for sample-return missions. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP SCOTT, DH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LUNAR AND PLANETARY INST PI HOUSTON PA 3600 BAY AREA BLVD, HOUSTON, TX 77058 SN 0270-9511 J9 P LUNAR PLANET SCI PY 1991 VL 21 BP 627 EP 634 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MG413 UT WOS:A1991MG41300046 ER PT J AU SCOTT, DH CHAPMAN, MG AF SCOTT, DH CHAPMAN, MG TI MARS ELYSIUM BASIN - GEOLOGIC VOLUMETRIC ANALYSES OF A YOUNG LAKE AND EXOBIOLOGIC IMPLICATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GROUND ICE INTERACTIONS; DEPOSITS; VALLEYS; WATER AB The Elysium Basin extends for several thousand kilometers across the martian lowland plains between the Elysium volcanic field and highland terrain. It is the only known depositional basin on Mars where direct evidence, both geologic and topographic, of former water levels and spillways or other outlets has been found. Spillway elevations indicate that the basin was probably filled to a depth of about 1500 m during the most recent period (Amazonian) in martian history. Water reached the basin from many sources in the highlands via inflow channels, some as young as Amazonian. Other possible indicators of a late-stage lake within the basin are terraces eroded into the lower member of the Amazonian Medusae Fossae Formation. On the basis of geologic, physiographic, and topographic data that show the circumbasin geology, former shorelines, basin extent, and inflow and outflow channels, we have estimated the maximum extent of the paleolake to have been 2,000,000 km2 with a water volume of 850,000 km3 or more. That the Elysium Basin may have been the locus of an ephemeral sea or large lake may have important climatic and biological implications. Ice-covered lakes containing liquid water near freezing temperatures may have significantly extended the period (from Noachian to Amazonian) when biological habitats might have existed. The amount, location, and duration of liquid water would have been critical factors governing the possible origin or survival of life on Mars. RP SCOTT, DH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 37 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU LUNAR AND PLANETARY INST PI HOUSTON PA 3600 BAY AREA BLVD, HOUSTON, TX 77058 SN 0270-9511 J9 P LUNAR PLANET SCI PY 1991 VL 21 BP 669 EP 677 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MG413 UT WOS:A1991MG41300050 ER PT S AU SCHABER, GG AF SCHABER, GG BE Ryder, G Sharpton, VL TI VOLCANISM ON VENUS AS INFERRED FROM THE MORPHOMETRY OF LARGE SHIELDS SO PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE, VOL 21 SE PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21ST ANNUAL LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONF CY MAR 12-16, 1990 CL HOUSTON, TX SP LUNAR & PLANETARY INST, NASA, JOHNSON SPACE CTR, AMER ASSOC PETR GEOLOGISTS, AMER GEOPHY UNION, AMER ASTON SOC, DIV PLANETARY SCI, GEOL SOC AMER, INT UNION GEOL SCI, METEORIT SOC RP SCHABER, GG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LUNAR & PLANETARY INST PI HOUSTON PA HOUSTON SN 0270-9511 BN 0-942862-05-8 J9 P LUNAR PLANET SCI PY 1991 VL 21 BP 3 EP 11 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BZ04M UT WOS:A1991BZ04M00002 ER PT S AU JAMES, OB LINDSTROM, MM MCGEE, JJ AF JAMES, OB LINDSTROM, MM MCGEE, JJ BE Ryder, G Sharpton, VL TI LUNAR FERROAN ANORTHOSITE-60025 - PETROLOGY AND CHEMISTRY OF MAFIC LITHOLOGIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE, VOL 21 SE PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21ST ANNUAL LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONF CY MAR 12-16, 1990 CL HOUSTON, TX SP LUNAR & PLANETARY INST, NASA, JOHNSON SPACE CTR, AMER ASSOC PETR GEOLOGISTS, AMER GEOPHY UNION, AMER ASTON SOC, DIV PLANETARY SCI, GEOL SOC AMER, INT UNION GEOL SCI, METEORIT SOC RP JAMES, OB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,959 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU LUNAR & PLANETARY INST PI HOUSTON PA HOUSTON SN 0270-9511 BN 0-942862-05-8 J9 P LUNAR PLANET SCI PY 1991 VL 21 BP 63 EP 87 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BZ04M UT WOS:A1991BZ04M00006 ER PT S AU PREMO, WR TATSUMOTO, M AF PREMO, WR TATSUMOTO, M BE Ryder, G Sharpton, VL TI U-TH-PB ISOTOPIC SYSTEMATICS OF LUNAR NORITE-78235 SO PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE, VOL 21 SE PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21ST ANNUAL LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONF CY MAR 12-16, 1990 CL HOUSTON, TX SP LUNAR & PLANETARY INST, NASA, JOHNSON SPACE CTR, AMER ASSOC PETR GEOLOGISTS, AMER GEOPHY UNION, AMER ASTON SOC, DIV PLANETARY SCI, GEOL SOC AMER, INT UNION GEOL SCI, METEORIT SOC RP PREMO, WR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,ISOTOPE GEOL BRANCH,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU LUNAR & PLANETARY INST PI HOUSTON PA HOUSTON SN 0270-9511 BN 0-942862-05-8 J9 P LUNAR PLANET SCI PY 1991 VL 21 BP 89 EP 100 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BZ04M UT WOS:A1991BZ04M00007 ER PT S AU SPUDIS, PD RYDER, G TAYLOR, GJ MCCORMICK, KA KEIL, K GRIEVE, RAF AF SPUDIS, PD RYDER, G TAYLOR, GJ MCCORMICK, KA KEIL, K GRIEVE, RAF BE Ryder, G Sharpton, VL TI SOURCES OF MINERAL FRAGMENTS IN IMPACT MELT-15445 AND MELT-15455 - TOWARD THE ORIGIN OF LOW-K FRA-MAURO BASALT SO PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE, VOL 21 SE PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21ST ANNUAL LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONF CY MAR 12-16, 1990 CL HOUSTON, TX SP LUNAR & PLANETARY INST, NASA, JOHNSON SPACE CTR, AMER ASSOC PETR GEOLOGISTS, AMER GEOPHY UNION, AMER ASTON SOC, DIV PLANETARY SCI, GEOL SOC AMER, INT UNION GEOL SCI, METEORIT SOC RP SPUDIS, PD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,ASTROGEOL BRANCH,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU LUNAR & PLANETARY INST PI HOUSTON PA HOUSTON SN 0270-9511 BN 0-942862-05-8 J9 P LUNAR PLANET SCI PY 1991 VL 21 BP 151 EP 165 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BZ04M UT WOS:A1991BZ04M00011 ER PT S AU MOORE, HJ THOMPSON, TW AF MOORE, HJ THOMPSON, TW BE Ryder, G Sharpton, VL TI A RADAR-ECHO MODEL FOR MARS SO PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE, VOL 21 SE PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21ST ANNUAL LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONF CY MAR 12-16, 1990 CL HOUSTON, TX SP LUNAR & PLANETARY INST, NASA, JOHNSON SPACE CTR, AMER ASSOC PETR GEOLOGISTS, AMER GEOPHY UNION, AMER ASTON SOC, DIV PLANETARY SCI, GEOL SOC AMER, INT UNION GEOL SCI, METEORIT SOC RP MOORE, HJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LUNAR & PLANETARY INST PI HOUSTON PA HOUSTON SN 0270-9511 BN 0-942862-05-8 J9 P LUNAR PLANET SCI PY 1991 VL 21 BP 457 EP 472 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BZ04M UT WOS:A1991BZ04M00032 ER PT S AU SCOTT, DH UNDERWOOD, JR AF SCOTT, DH UNDERWOOD, JR BE Ryder, G Sharpton, VL TI MOTTLED TERRAIN - A CONTINUING MARTIAN ENIGMA SO PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE, VOL 21 SE PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21ST ANNUAL LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONF CY MAR 12-16, 1990 CL HOUSTON, TX SP LUNAR & PLANETARY INST, NASA, JOHNSON SPACE CTR, AMER ASSOC PETR GEOLOGISTS, AMER GEOPHY UNION, AMER ASTON SOC, DIV PLANETARY SCI, GEOL SOC AMER, INT UNION GEOL SCI, METEORIT SOC RP SCOTT, DH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LUNAR & PLANETARY INST PI HOUSTON PA HOUSTON SN 0270-9511 BN 0-942862-05-8 J9 P LUNAR PLANET SCI PY 1991 VL 21 BP 627 EP 634 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BZ04M UT WOS:A1991BZ04M00046 ER PT S AU SCOTT, DH CHAPMAN, MG AF SCOTT, DH CHAPMAN, MG BE Ryder, G Sharpton, VL TI MARS ELYSIUM BASIN - GEOLOGIC VOLUMETRIC ANALYSES OF A YOUNG LAKE AND EXOBIOLOGIC IMPLICATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE, VOL 21 SE PROCEEDINGS OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21ST ANNUAL LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONF CY MAR 12-16, 1990 CL HOUSTON, TX SP LUNAR & PLANETARY INST, NASA, JOHNSON SPACE CTR, AMER ASSOC PETR GEOLOGISTS, AMER GEOPHY UNION, AMER ASTON SOC, DIV PLANETARY SCI, GEOL SOC AMER, INT UNION GEOL SCI, METEORIT SOC RP SCOTT, DH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 0 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU LUNAR & PLANETARY INST PI HOUSTON PA HOUSTON SN 0270-9511 BN 0-942862-05-8 J9 P LUNAR PLANET SCI PY 1991 VL 21 BP 669 EP 677 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BZ04M UT WOS:A1991BZ04M00050 ER PT J AU ROSE, KD BOWN, TM AF ROSE, KD BOWN, TM TI ADDITIONAL FOSSIL EVIDENCE ON THE DIFFERENTIATION OF THE EARLIEST EUPRIMATES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE OMOMYIDAE; ADAPIDAE; STEINIUS; PRIMATE EVOLUTION ID PRIMATES; OMOMYIDAE; DIAGNOSIS; EVOLUTION; ORIGINS AB Several well-preserved jaws of the rare North American omomyid primate Steinius vespertinus, including the first known antemolar dentitions, have been discovered in 1989 and 1990 in the early Eocene Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. They indicate that its dental formula is as primitive as those in early Eocene Donrussellia (Adapidae) and Teilhardina (Omomyidae) - widely considered to be the most primitive known euprimates - and that in various dental characters Steinius is as primitive or more so than Teilhardina. Therefore, depiste its occurrence at least 2 million years later than Teilhardina, S. vespertinus is the most primitive known omomyid and one of the most primitive known euprimates. Its primitive morphology further diminishes the dental distinctions between Omomyidae and Adapidae at the beginning of the euprimate radiation. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,PALEONTOL & STRATIG BRANCH,DENVER,CO 80225. RP ROSE, KD (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT CELL BIOL & ANAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 42 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 88 IS 1 BP 98 EP 101 DI 10.1073/pnas.88.1.98 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EQ544 UT WOS:A1991EQ54400022 PM 11607143 ER PT J AU POSTON, HA AF POSTON, HA TI EFFECTS OF DIETARY ALUMINUM ON GROWTH AND COMPOSITION OF YOUNG ATLANTIC SALMON SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; PHOSPHORUS; METABOLISM; CHEMISTRY; BROILER; CHICKS; TROUT; ALGAE AB A 16-week feeding experiment was conducted to measure the effects of supplemental dietary aluminum (0, 25, 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 mg/kg diet) on growth, survival, feed conversion, and proximate composition of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), mean weight 4.8 g. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in growth, survival, or feed conversion were found among fish fed the different levels of aluminum. Body fat increased significantly in fish fed aluminum at the rate of 2,000 mg/kg of diet. Total ash was significantly lower in fish fed 1,000-2,000 mg aluminum/kg of diet than in those fed smaller amounts. Differences in concentration of individually measured minerals (aluminum, copper, iron, manganese, and magnesium) were not significant in either carcass or vertebrae of experimental fish. Supplemental dietary aluminum (up to 2,000 mg/kg of diet) had no measurable beneficial or obvious adverse effect on fingerling Atlantic salmon. RP POSTON, HA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,TUNISON LAB FISH NUTR,3075 GRACIE RD,CORTLAND,NY 13045, USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 1 BP 7 EP 10 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053<0007:EODAOG>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA FU452 UT WOS:A1991FU45200002 ER PT J AU SIEMIEN, MJ CARLINE, RF AF SIEMIEN, MJ CARLINE, RF TI EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE GROWTH OF 1ST-FEEDING ATLANTIC SALMON FRY SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; DENSITY; SURVIVAL AB A 3-week test was performed to determine the optimal temperature for growth of first-feeding fry of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The fish were fed three times the recommended daily ration and held at water temperatures of 10, 14, 18, and 22-degrees-C. Growth was significantly greater at 18-degrees-C than at any other temperature. RP SIEMIEN, MJ (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PENN COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 1 BP 11 EP 14 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053<0011:EOTOTG>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA FU452 UT WOS:A1991FU45200003 ER PT J AU HUGHES, SG AF HUGHES, SG TI RESPONSE OF 1ST-FEEDING SPRING CHINOOK SALMON TO 4 POTENTIAL CHEMICAL MODIFIERS OF FEED-INTAKE SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note ID RAINBOW-TROUT; AMINO-ACIDS; GAIRDNERI-RICHARDSON; ATLANTIC; STIMULANTS; FRY; TASTE AB The feed intake of first-feeding spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) changed significantly when the amino acid glycine or the ammonium-containing trimethylamine was added to experimental diets in a 2-week feeding trial. Glycine enhanced feed consumption, whereas trimethylamine (which occurs in rancid fish meals and oils) decreased it. This effect of trimethylamine may indicate that the fish were sensitive to it as an indicator of the freshness of their feed; this possible sensitivity may play a role in the apparent aversion that salmonids and other fish show toward highly oxidized meals and oils. RP HUGHES, SG (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR, TUNISON LAB, 3500 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 1 BP 15 EP 17 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053<0015:CROFFS>2.3.CO;2 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA FU452 UT WOS:A1991FU45200004 ER PT J AU KRISE, WF SMITH, RA AF KRISE, WF SMITH, RA TI TOLERANCE OF JUVENILE LAKE TROUT EXPOSED TO GAS SUPERSATURATION SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note ID SURVIVAL; GROWTH; WATER; FRY AB Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) 2.9-3.9 cm long that were exposed to five gas supersaturation levels ranging from DELTA-P 9 to DELTA-P 159 mm Hg above saturation for 30 d grew at the same rates. Survival was also virtually equal in all treatments, ranging from 93% at DELTA-P 42 to 99% at DELTA-P 126. After 30 d, signs of gas bubble disease were evident at DELTA-P 126; 3% of fish had exopthalmia and 12% had bubbles in the nares. At DELTA-P 159, 20% had bubbles inside the mouth or on the conjunctiva, or rim of the orbit, plus 3% had exopthalmia. There were no signs of gas bubbles on fish at DELTA-P 75 or less. RP KRISE, WF (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERY RES & DEV LAB,RURAL DELIVERY 4,BOX 63,WELLSBORO,PA 16901, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 1 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053<0017:TOJLTE>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA FU452 UT WOS:A1991FU45200005 ER PT J AU CHILTON, EW AF CHILTON, EW TI SYSTEM FOR MAINTAINING SEDIMENT SUSPENSIONS DURING LARVAL FISH STUDIES SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note ID TURBIDITY; EGGS AB A new system was developed for maintaining suspensions of inorganic solids during laboratory studies on early life stages of fish. Microfine bentonite was successfully held in suspension in specially constructed units during a 21-d fishless test, a 28-d experiment with juvenile green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), and four shorter experiments (5-9 d) with four species of larval fishes, white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), northern pike (Esox lucius), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum). Each experiment on larval fish was conducted until the yolk-sac had been absorbed. Concentrations of bentonite ranged from 0 to 728 mg/L. Each unit consisted of a holding chamber set in a stainless steel bowl and two submersible pumps that recirculated the suspension. Turbidity readings remained nearly constant throughout each experiment. Because the turbidity of suspensions was well correlated with bentonite concentration (r2 = 0.989) and easy to measure, turbidity was used as an indicator of concentration. The system is inexpensive, easy to assemble, and does not require a diluter system to maintain constant concentrations of suspended material. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,LA CROSSE,WI 54602. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 1 BP 28 EP 33 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053<0028:SFMSSD>2.3.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA FU452 UT WOS:A1991FU45200008 ER PT J AU KINDSCHI, GA BARROWS, FT AF KINDSCHI, GA BARROWS, FT TI OPTIMAL SCREEN MESH SIZE FOR RESTRAINING WALLEYE FRY SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note ID INTENSIVE CULTURE; LARVAL WALLEYES; MORTALITY AB Various-sized nylon restraining screens were tested to determine the largest opening that still retained 72-h posthatch fry of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum). Screens with more than 710-mu-m between threads and more than 53% open area allowed more walleye fry to escape than the screens with smaller openings. We recommend using screens with no more than 710-mu-m (10.31 meshes/cm) between threads and no more than 53% open area to contain young walleye fry when being fed formulated feeds. RP KINDSCHI, GA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,BOZEMAN FISH TECHNOL CTR,4050 BRIDGER CANYON RD,BOZEMAN,MT 59115, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 1 BP 53 EP 55 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053<0053:OSMSFR>2.3.CO;2 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA FU452 UT WOS:A1991FU45200016 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, RS AF THOMPSON, RS TI PLIOCENE ENVIRONMENTS AND CLIMATES IN THE WESTERN UNITED-STATES SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID LATE CENOZOIC UPLIFT; SNAKE RIVER PLAIN; SIERRA-NEVADA; SOUTHERN ASIA; AMERICAN WEST; GLOBAL CLIMATE; GREAT-BASIN; CALIFORNIA; STRATIGRAPHY; QUATERNARY AB The available evidence from the western United States suggests that the climate of the Early and Middle Pliocene (prior to approximately 2.4 Ma) was less seasonal (more equable) and generally more humid than now. Along the Pacific coast, summer drought was less pronounced than today. In the interior of the Pacific Northwest rainfall was more abundant and mild winter temperatures prevailed across much of the High Plains. In the Northwestern interior, a trend toward drier conditions began after approximately 4 Ma, although there may have been short periods of relatively humid conditions after this time. The period between 2.5 or 2.4-2.0 Ma was drier than earlier in the Pliocene throughout the American West, and apparently colder in many regions, although the occurrence of land tortoises as far north as Kansas may indicate intermittent frost-free conditions during this interval. After approximately 2.0 Ma conditions became warmer and more humid. The general climatic trends in the terrestrial data parallel fluctuations seen in North Pacific and in Oxygen Isotopic records of global glacial fluctuations. Global Climate Model (GCM) simulations of the regional effects of Late Cenozoic uplift and mountain-building are generally in accord with the nature, direction, and amplitude of differences between Pliocene and modern climates. RP THOMPSON, RS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS 919,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 123 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 115 EP 132 DI 10.1016/0277-3791(91)90013-K PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA GK654 UT WOS:A1991GK65400002 ER PT J AU FORESTER, RM AF FORESTER, RM TI PLIOCENE-CLIMATE HISTORY OF THE WESTERN UNITED-STATES DERIVED FROM LACUSTRINE OSTRACODES SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BASIN; QUATERNARY AB Pliocene sediments from several sites in western North America contain ostracodes indicating deposition in lacustrine and wetland settings. The ostracodes offer a means of reconstructing the aquatic paleoenvironment. Because water temperature, chemistry, and lake volume are coupled to climate, reconstruction of these parameters provides a direct insight into Pliocene climate. The site ages were determined from tephrochronology, paleomagnetics, and associated mammals. The morphology of many ostracode species also provides direct information about the paleoenvironment in which they lived. During the Pliocene (about 3.5-2.5 Ma) some species have unusually ornate carapace morphology indicative of large geologically stable lakes, which must have required a stable climate to sustain them. North American Pliocene climate changed from a modern-like state 4.5-3.5 Ma to a period with greater precipitation and less evaporation than today, 3.5-2.5 Ma. This wetter period, inferred from the large geologically long-lived lakes, implies a stable atmospheric circulation pattern. The stable circulation pattern collapsed around 2.5 Ma and climate returned to a modern-like situation. RP FORESTER, RM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 919,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 34 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 133 EP 146 DI 10.1016/0277-3791(91)90014-L PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA GK654 UT WOS:A1991GK65400003 ER PT J AU CRONIN, TM AF CRONIN, TM TI PLIOCENE SHALLOW-WATER PALEOCEANOGRAPHY OF THE NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN BASED ON MARINE OSTRACODES SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN; HYDROGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS; PLEISTOCENE DEPOSITS; STRATIGRAPHY; SEDIMENTS; ICELAND; AGE AB Middle Pliocene marine ostracodes from coastal and shelf deposits of North and Central America and Iceland were studied to reconstruct paleotemperatures of shelf waters bordering portions of the Western Boundary Current System (including the Gulf Loop Current, Florida Current, Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift). Factor analytic transfer functions provided Pliocene August and February bottom-water temperatures of eight regions from the tropics to the subfrigid. The results indicate: (1) meridional temperature gradients in the western North Atlantic were less steep during the Pliocene than either today or during Late Pleistocene Isotope Stage 5e; (2) tropical and subtropical shelf waters during the Middle Pliocene were as warm as, or slightly cooler than today; (3) slightly cooler water was on the outer shelf off the southeastern and mid-Atlantic coast of the U.S., possibly due to summer upwelling of Gulf Stream water; (4) the shelf north of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina may have been influenced by warm water incursions from the western edge of the Gulf Stream, especially in summer; (5) the northeast branch of the North Atlantic Drift brought warm water to northern Iceland between 4 and 3 Ma; evidence from the Iceland record indicates that cold East Greenland Current water did not affect coastal Iceland between 4 and 3 Ma; (6) Middle Pliocene North Atlantic circulation may have been intensified, transporting more heat from the tropics to the Arctic than it does today. RP CRONIN, TM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 79 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 175 EP 188 DI 10.1016/0277-3791(91)90017-O PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA GK654 UT WOS:A1991GK65400006 ER PT J AU DOWSETT, HJ POORE, RZ AF DOWSETT, HJ POORE, RZ TI PLIOCENE SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES OF THE NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN AT 3.0-MA SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID DRILLING PROJECT LEG-80; GOBAN SPUR REGION; CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON; NORTHEASTERN ATLANTIC; PALEOMAGNETISM; SEDIMENTS; CLIMATE; PACIFIC; ICELAND AB Sea-surface temperature (SST) estimates based on quantitative analysis of planktic foraminifer faunas in North Atlantic deep sea cores suggest that high-frequency, low-amplitude variability related to orbital forcing was superimposed on long-term changes that delineate intervals within the Pliocene that were both warmer and cooler than today. SST estimates from several DSDP and ODP sites, as well as land sections, have been combined into a synoptic view of SST during a Pliocene warm interval centered at about 3.0 Ma. The Pliocene North Atlantic warm interval SST estimates show little evidence for warming in tropical regions whereas mid- to high-latitude areas show moderate to strong warming. SST estimates for the last interglacial (Isotope Stage 5e) show a similar pattern, but warming during the last interglacial was not as pronounced as the Middle Pliocene warming. The regional distribution of SST estimates during these past warm events suggests an increase in ocean circulation. RP DOWSETT, HJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,970 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. OI Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 NR 72 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 189 EP 204 DI 10.1016/0277-3791(91)90018-P PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA GK654 UT WOS:A1991GK65400007 ER PT J AU GLADENKOV, YB BARINOV, KB BASILIAN, AE CRONIN, TM AF GLADENKOV, YB BARINOV, KB BASILIAN, AE CRONIN, TM TI STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOCEANOGRAPHY OF PLIOCENE DEPOSITS OF KARAGINSKY ISLAND, EASTERN KAMCHATKA, USSR SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article AB The lithology and paleontology of Pliocene deposits from Karaginsky Island, off eastern Kamchatka Peninsula, U.S.S.R., are described in order to provide a paleoceanographic reconstruction of this region of the eastern North Pacific Ocean. The stratigraphic sequence is divided into three suites - the Limimtevayamian, the Ust-Limimtevayamian, and the Tusatuvayamian, which correspond to three standard Pacific diatom zones - the Thalassiosira oestrupii, Neodenticula koizumi-N. kamtschatica, and N. koizumi. The entire sequence is further subdivided into six members and 18 distinct beds on the basis of molluscan assemblages and three members and seven beds on the basis of benthic foraminiferal assemblages. Marine ostracodes are described from the Limimtevayamian suite. The marine invertebrate assemblages from Karaginsky Island provide evidence that: (1) ocean water temperatures were warmer than today about 4 Ma and again about 3.5-3.0 Ma; (2) several Arctic-Atlantic species of molluscs and ostracodes migrated to the eastern North Pacific between 4.2-3.0 Ma, presumably through the proto-Bering Strait; (3) many species found in the Karaginsky Island Pliocene represent Pacific taxa which migrated through the Arctic into the North Atlantic during the late Pliocene. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP GLADENKOV, YB (reprint author), ACAD SCI USSR,INST GEOL,MOSCOW V-71,USSR. NR 14 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 239 EP 245 DI 10.1016/0277-3791(91)90022-M PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA GK654 UT WOS:A1991GK65400011 ER PT J AU WARDLAW, BR QUINN, TM AF WARDLAW, BR QUINN, TM TI THE RECORD OF PLIOCENE SEA-LEVEL CHANGE AT ENEWETAK ATOLL SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID STRONTIUM-ISOTOPE STRATIGRAPHY; MIDWAY ATOLL; HISTORY AB Detailed seismic stratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, and chemostratigraphy indicate that atoll-wide subaerial exposure surfaces (major disconformities) developed during major sea-level lowstands form prominent seismic reflectors and are coincident with biostratigraphic breaks in the Plio-Pleistocene on Enewetak Atoll. Sea-level models based on the stratigraphic position and age of major disconformities suggest a maximum sea-level highstand elevation of 36 m above present sea level and a maximum sea-level lowstand elevation of 63 m below present sea level for the Pliocene. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT GEOL SCI,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP WARDLAW, BR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,MS 970,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. RI Quinn, Terrence/A-5755-2008 NR 30 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 247 EP 258 DI 10.1016/0277-3791(91)90023-N PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA GK654 UT WOS:A1991GK65400012 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, LE MUDIE, PJ DE VERNAL, A AF EDWARDS, LE MUDIE, PJ DE VERNAL, A TI PLIOCENE PALEOCLIMATIC RECONSTRUCTION USING DINOFLAGELLATE CYSTS - COMPARISON OF METHODS SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; POLLEN RECORDS; ADJACENT SEAS; FORAMINIFERA; HISTORY; CANADA; OCEAN AB The application of quantitative and semiquantitative methods to assemblage data from dinoflagellate cysts shows potential for interpreting past environments, both in terms of paleotemperature estimates and in recognizing water masses and circulation patterns. Estimates of winter sea-surface temperature (WSST) were produced by using the Impagidinium Index (II) method, and by applying a winter-temperature transfer function (TF(w)). Estimates of summer sea-surface temperature (SSST) were produced by using a summer-temperature transfer function (TF(s)), two methods based on a temperature-distribution chart (ACT and ACT(po)), and a method based on the ratio of gonyaulacoid:protoperidinioid specimens (G:P). WSST estimates from the II and TF(w) methods are in close agreement except where Impagidinium species are sparse. SSST estimates from TF(s) are more variable. The value of the G:P ratio for the Pliocene data in this paper is limited by the apparent sparsity of protoperidinioids, which results in monotonous SSST estimates of 14-26-degrees-C. The ACT methods show two biases for the Pliocene data set: taxonomic substitution may force 'matches' yielding incorrect temperature estimates, and the method is highly sensitive to the end-points of species distributions. Dinocyst assemblage data were applied to reconstruct Pliocene sea-surface temperatures between 3.5-2.5 Ma from DSDP Hole 552A, and ODP Holes 646B and 642B, which are presently located beneath cold and cool-temperate waters north of 56-degrees-N. Our initial results suggest that at 3.0 Ma, WSSTs were a few degrees C warmer than the present and that there was a somewhat reduced north-south temperature gradient. For all three sites, it is likely that SSSTs were also warmer, but by an unknown, perhaps large, amount. Past oceanic circulation in the North Atlantic was probably different from the present. C1 GEOL SURVEY CANADA, ATLANTIC GEOSCI CTR, DARTMOUTH B2Y 4A2, NS, CANADA. UNIV QUEBEC, GEOTOP, GEOCHIM ISOTOP & GEOCHRONOL LAB, MONTREAL H3C 3P8, QUEBEC, CANADA. RP US GEOL SURVEY, 970 NATL CTR, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. RI de Vernal, Anne/D-5602-2013 OI de Vernal, Anne/0000-0001-5656-724X NR 52 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 259 EP 274 DI 10.1016/0277-3791(91)90024-O PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA GK654 UT WOS:A1991GK65400013 ER PT J AU SUNDQUIST, ET AF SUNDQUIST, ET TI STEADY-STATE AND NON-STEADY-STATE CARBONATE SILICATE CONTROLS ON ATMOSPHERIC CO2 SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID GEOCHEMICAL CYCLE; DIOXIDE AB Two contrasting hypotheses have recently been proposed for the past long-term relation between atmospheric CO2 and the carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle. One approach (Berner, 1990) suggests that CO2 levels have varied in a manner that has maintained chemical weathering and carbonate sedimentation at a steady state with respect to tectonically controlled decarbonation reactions. A second approach (Raymo et al., 1988), applied specifically to the late Cenozoic, suggests a decrease in CO2 caused by an uplift-induced increase in chemical weathering, without regard to the rate of decarbonation. According to the steady-state (first) hypothesis, increased weathering and carbonate sedimentation are generally associated with increasing atmospheric CO2, whereas the uplift (second) hypothesis implies decreasing CO2 under the same conditions. An ocean-atmosphere-sediment model has been used to assess the response of atmospheric CO2 and carbonate sedimentation to global perturbations in chemical weathering and decarbonation reactions. Although this assessment is theoretical and cannot yet be related to the geologic record, the model simulations compare steady-state and non-steady-state carbonate-silicate cycle response. The e-fold response time of the 'CO2-weathering' feedback mechanism is between 300 and 400 ka. The response of carbonate sedimentation is much more rapid. These response times provide a measure of the strength of steady-state assumptions, and imply that certain systematic relations are sustained throughout steady-state and non-steady-state scenarios for the carbonate-silicate cycle. The simulations suggest that feedbacks can maintain the system near a steady state, but that non-steady-state effects may contribute to long-term trends. The steady-state and uplift hypotheses are not necessarily incompatible over time scales of a few million years. RP SUNDQUIST, ET (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,QUISSETT CAMPUS,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 26 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 283 EP 296 DI 10.1016/0277-3791(91)90026-Q PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA GK654 UT WOS:A1991GK65400015 ER PT J AU KENDRICK, GW WYRWOLL, KH SZABO, BJ AF KENDRICK, GW WYRWOLL, KH SZABO, BJ TI PLIOCENE-PLEISTOCENE COASTAL EVENTS AND HISTORY ALONG THE WESTERN MARGIN OF AUSTRALIA SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL; SOUTHWESTERN AUSTRALIA; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; PERTH BASIN; AMINOSTRATIGRAPHY; BEDS; RISE AB Coastal deposits along the western coastal margin of Australia, a region of relative tectonic stability, record Plio-Pleistocene events and processes affecting the inner shelf and adjacent hinterland. Tectonic deformation of these deposits is more apparent in the Carnarvon Basin, and rather less so in the Perth Basin. The most complete record comes from the Perth Basin, where units of Pliocene and Pleistocene ages are well represented. In the Perth Basin, the predominantly siliciclastic Yoganup Formation, Ascot Formation and Bassendean Sand represent a complex of shoreline, inner shelf and regressive-dune facies equivalents, the deposition of which began at an undetermined stage of the Pliocene, through to the Early Pleistocene. The deposition of this sequence closed with a major regression and significant faunal extinction. Bioclastic carbonates characterize the Middle and Late Pleistocene of the Perth and Carnarvon basins. Fossil assemblages include a distinct subtropical element, unknown from the Ascot Formation and suggesting a strengthening of the Leeuwin Current. The estuarine arcoid bivalve Anadara trapezia characterizes assemblages of Oxygen Isotope Stages 5 and 7 in the Perth and Carnarvon basins, where it is now extinct. Deposits of Substage 5e (Perth Basin) also record a southerly expansion of warm-water corals and other fauna consistent with shelf temperatures warmer than present. New uranium-series ages on corals from marine sequences of the Tantabiddi Member, of the Bundera Calcarenite of the western Cape Range are consistent with the 'double peak' hypothesis for levels of Substage 5e but the evidence remains less than conclusive. Initial uranium-series dates from the Bibra and Dampier formations of Shark Bay indicate that both derive from the Late Pleistocene. These numerical ages contradict previous interpretations of relative ages obtained from field studies. The age relationship of the units requires further investigation. C1 UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA,DEPT GEOG,NEDLANDS,WA 6009,AUSTRALIA. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. RP KENDRICK, GW (reprint author), WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI C,FRANCIS ST,PERTH,WA 6000,AUSTRALIA. NR 114 TC 92 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 5 BP 419 EP 439 DI 10.1016/0277-3791(91)90005-F PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA GK967 UT WOS:A1991GK96700005 ER PT J AU DOWSETT, HJ CRONIN, TM AF DOWSETT, HJ CRONIN, TM TI PLIOCENE CLIMATES - PREFACE SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material ID NORTH-ATLANTIC RP DOWSETT, HJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,970 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. OI Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP R5 EP R6 DI 10.1016/0277-3791(91)90012-J PG 2 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA GK654 UT WOS:A1991GK65400001 ER PT J AU MOORE, RB RUBIN, M AF MOORE, RB RUBIN, M TI RADIOCARBON-DATES FOR LAVA FLOWS AND PYROCLASTIC DEPOSITS ON SAO-MIGUEL, AZORES SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,CTR NATL,RESTON,VA 22092. RP MOORE, RB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,CTR FED,MS 903,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 10 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 1991 VL 33 IS 1 BP 151 EP 164 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FF162 UT WOS:A1991FF16200014 ER PT J AU MARSHALL, BD FUTA, K AF MARSHALL, BD FUTA, K TI LANTHANIDE ELEMENT MOBILITY AND SM-ND SYSTEMATICS IN A CONTACT METAMORPHIC ZONE SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE RARE EARTHS; NATURAL ANALOG; CONTACT METAMORPHISM; SM-ND; COOLING HISTORY AB The effects of a sudden thermal pulse on two contrasting wallrock types are being studied by the detailed examination of a contact metamorphic zone in the Beartooth Mountains, Wyoming. At this locality a late Proterozoic basalt dike intrudes Archean granite gneiss and amphibolite. Modeling of the cooling history of the dike and wall rocks shows that maximum temperatures greater than 500-degrees-C were maintained for almost-equal-to 50 years within a few meters of the contact. The dike cooled to less than 200-degrees-C within 1000 years after intrusion. Samples of gneiss and amphibolite from traverses nearly perpendicular to the strike of the dike have been studied petrographically and analyzed for a large suite of elements by INAA, XRF, and isotope dilution. Lanthanide (rare earth) element patterns show enrichment of the light rare earth elements (LREE) and a somewhat flat heavy rare earth element (HREE) pattern for the two wall rock types. The amphibolite samples show slight depletion in LREE near the contact and slight enrichment in HREE, although not as pronounced as in the gneiss. Sm-Nd model ages also show some disturbance, confirming the slight mobility of LREE. Lanthanide mobility adjacent to the dike has been facilitated by mineralogic changes (recrystallization) accompanied by fluid migration along fractures. These data put constraints on the mobility of lanthanide elements in geologic media at high temperatures with low water/rock ratios. RP MARSHALL, BD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH 80 PA ROSENHEIMER STR 145 POSTFACH 801360, W-8000 MUNICH 80, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1991 VL 52-3 BP 405 EP 411 PN 2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA FC398 UT WOS:A1991FC39800017 ER PT J AU ELDER, JF COLLINS, JJ AF ELDER, JF COLLINS, JJ TI FRESH-WATER MOLLUSKS AS INDICATORS OF BIOAVAILABILITY AND TOXICITY OF METALS IN SURFACE-WATER SYSTEMS SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BIOMPHALARIA-GLABRATA-SAY; CLAM CORBICULA-FLUMINEA; LABORATORY ARTIFICIAL STREAMS; LYMNAEA-LUTEOLA L; ANODONTA-CYGNEA L; HEAVY-METALS; CADMIUM KINETICS; ASIATIC CLAM; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA; HISTOCHEMICAL-LOCALIZATION C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MADISON,WI 53719. US GEOL SURVEY,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32301. NR 179 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0179-5953 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T JI Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PY 1991 VL 122 BP 37 EP 79 PG 43 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KP865 UT WOS:A1991KP86500004 PM 1771274 ER PT J AU LISOWSKI, M AF LISOWSKI, M TI RECENT PLATE MOTIONS AND CRUSTAL DEFORMATION SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; 24 NOVEMBER 1987; LONG-VALLEY-CALDERA; BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; SUPERSTITION HILLS FAULT; 2-COLOR GEODIMETER MEASUREMENTS; HISTORICAL LEVELING SURVEYS; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION-ZONE; VERTICAL SURFACE DISPLACEMENTS RP LISOWSKI, M (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 977,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 181 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1991 VL 29 SU S BP 162 EP 171 PN 1 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FX961 UT WOS:A1991FX96100023 ER PT J AU MCEWEN, AS AF MCEWEN, AS TI NEW MARTIAN PARADIGMS SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SOUTH POLAR-CAP; VIKING LANDING SITES; SUPERPARAMAGNETIC NANOCRYSTALLINE HEMATITE; REMOTE-SENSING OBSERVATIONS; HAWAIIAN PALAGONITIC SOIL; HEAVILY CRATERED TERRAIN; GIANT IMPACT DEPRESSION; RECENT MAFIC VOLCANISM; LARGE ROCK AVALANCHES; DUST CLOUD ACTIVITY RP MCEWEN, AS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 262 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1991 VL 29 SU S BP 290 EP 296 PN 1 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FX961 UT WOS:A1991FX96100039 ER PT J AU HAGSTRUM, JT HARBERT, WP AF HAGSTRUM, JT HARBERT, WP TI PALEOMAGNETISM AND MICROPLATE TECTONICS SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID APPARENT POLAR WANDER; CRETACEOUS CARMACKS GROUP; COAST PLUTONIC COMPLEX; EARLY JURASSIC ROCKS; COUNTERCLOCKWISE BLOCK ROTATION; LATE PALEOZOIC REMAGNETIZATION; NORTHERN CHUGACH MOUNTAINS; BAJA-CALIFORNIA-PENINSULA; ALASKA CRUSTAL TRANSECT; YUKON-KOYUKUK PROVINCE C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH, DEPT GEOL & PLANETARY SCI, PITTSBURGH, PA 15260 USA. RP HAGSTRUM, JT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MS 937, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. RI Harbert, William/E-3502-2010 NR 196 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1991 VL 29 SU S BP 395 EP 404 PN 1 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FX961 UT WOS:A1991FX96100051 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, JD REYNOLDS, RL FREY, H AF PHILLIPS, JD REYNOLDS, RL FREY, H TI CRUSTAL STRUCTURE INTERPRETED FROM MAGNETIC-ANOMALIES SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID CHEMICAL REMANENT MAGNETIZATION; ARBITRARY 3-DIMENSIONAL BODIES; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; JURASSIC PREUSS SANDSTONE; COCORP DEEP REFLECTION; CEMENT OIL-FIELD; MOUNT-ST-HELENS; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; AEROMAGNETIC DATA; MAGSAT DATA C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP PHILLIPS, JD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,927 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 216 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1991 VL 29 SU S BP 416 EP 427 PN 1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FX961 UT WOS:A1991FX96100053 ER PT J AU HEATON, TH AF HEATON, TH TI SEISMOLOGY IN THE UNITED-STATES 1986-1990 SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review RP HEATON, TH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,525 S WILSON AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1991 VL 29 SU S BP 659 EP 661 PN 2 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FX962 UT WOS:A1991FX96200023 ER PT J AU KIRBY, S AF KIRBY, S TI TECTONOPHYSICS 1987-1990 SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID PLATE CONVERGENCE; SUBDUCTION; DEFORMATION; RIDGE; ARC; PARAMETERS; EVOLUTION; KINETICS; ISLANDS; MOTIONS RP KIRBY, S (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 977,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1991 VL 29 SU S BP 743 EP 747 PN 2 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FX962 UT WOS:A1991FX96200031 ER PT J AU HICKMAN, SH AF HICKMAN, SH TI STRESS IN THE LITHOSPHERE AND THE STRENGTH OF ACTIVE FAULTS SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; BURIED SCREW DISLOCATION; LAYERED ELASTIC CRUST; NEAR-SURFACE STRESS; INTERMEDIATE-DEPTH EARTHQUAKES; HYDRAULIC FRACTURING METHOD; STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; SEISMIC PROFILING SEISMOGRAMS; SOUTH-PELOPONNESUS EARTHQUAKE; RIDGE-TRANSFORM INTERSECTION RP HICKMAN, SH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, MS 977,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 462 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1991 VL 29 SU S BP 759 EP 775 PN 2 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FX962 UT WOS:A1991FX96200033 ER PT J AU SEGALL, P AF SEGALL, P TI FAULT MECHANICS SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; 1987 SUPERSTITION HILLS; HISTORICAL LEVELING SURVEYS; POSITIONING SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS; WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; DEEP-FOCUS EARTHQUAKES; STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; STRAIN ACCUMULATION C1 STANFORD UNIV, DEPT GEOPHYS, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. RP US GEOL SURVEY, MS 977, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 218 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1991 VL 29 SU S BP 864 EP 876 PN 2 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FX962 UT WOS:A1991FX96200040 ER PT J AU AGNEW, DC ELLSWORTH, WL AF AGNEW, DC ELLSWORTH, WL TI EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION AND LONG-TERM HAZARD ASSESSMENT SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION-ZONE; PALM-SPRINGS EARTHQUAKE; PRECURSORY SEISMIC QUIESCENCE; SHEAR-WAVE POLARIZATIONS; 2-COLOR GEODIMETER MEASUREMENTS; EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION; VERTICAL CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT; SOVIET CENTRAL-ASIA C1 US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. RP AGNEW, DC (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. NR 344 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1991 VL 29 SU S BP 877 EP 889 PN 2 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FX962 UT WOS:A1991FX96200041 ER PT J AU KANE, JS AF KANE, JS TI REVIEW OF GEOCHEMICAL REFERENCE SAMPLE PROGRAMS SINCE G-1 AND W-1 - PROGRESS TO DATE AND REMAINING CHALLENGES SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS; CONSENSUS VALUES; COMPILATION AB A brief history of programs to develop geochemical reference samples and certified reference samples for use in geochemical analysis is presented. While progress has been made since G-1 and W-1 were issued, many challenges remain. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PY 1991 VL 46 IS 12 BP 1623 EP 1638 DI 10.1016/0584-8547(91)80166-Z PG 16 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA GR861 UT WOS:A1991GR86100008 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, HE GARBARINO, JR AF TAYLOR, HE GARBARINO, JR TI THE MEASUREMENT OF TRACE-METALS IN WATER-RESOURCE MONITORING SAMPLES BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ELEMENTS RP TAYLOR, HE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS407,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0958-319X J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA REV PY 1991 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 43 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA GF795 UT WOS:A1991GF79500003 ER PT J AU MATALAS, NC AF MATALAS, NC TI DROUGHT DESCRIPTION SO STOCHASTIC HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULICS LA English DT Article DE DROUGHT; PROBABILITY; STOCHASTIC PROCESS; WATER MANAGEMENT AB What constitutes a comprehensive description of drought, a description forming a basis for answering why a drought occurred is outlined. The description entails two aspects that are "naturally" coupled, named physical and economic, and treats the set of hydrologic measures of droughts in terms of their multivariate distribution, rather than in terms of a collection of the marginal distributions. RP MATALAS, NC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0931-1955 J9 STOCH HYDROL HYDRAUL JI Stoch. Hydrol. Hydraul. PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP 255 EP 260 DI 10.1007/BF01543133 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA GT718 UT WOS:A1991GT71800002 ER PT J AU WOODWARD, DF FARAG, AM LITTLE, EE STEADMAN, B YANCIK, R AF WOODWARD, DF FARAG, AM LITTLE, EE STEADMAN, B YANCIK, R TI SENSITIVITY OF GREENBACK CUTTHROAT TROUT TO ACIDIC PH AND ELEVATED ALUMINUM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID YOLK-SAC LARVAE; SALMO-TRUTTA-L; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK TROUT; BROWN TROUT; LAKE TROUT; SOFT-WATER; GAIRDNERI; CALCIUM; MORTALITY AB The greenback cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki stomias is a threatened subspecies native to the upper South Platte and Arkansas rivers between Denver and Fort Collins, Colorado, an area also susceptible to acid deposition. In laboratory studies, we exposed this subspecies to nominal pHs of 4.5-6.5 and to nominal aluminum concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 300-mu-g/L; the control was pH 6.5 treatment without Al. We used soft water that contained 1.3 mg Ca/L. Exposures of 7 d each were made for four early life stages: fertilized egg, eyed embryo, alevin, and swim-up larva. Effects were measured at the end of exposure and again after a recovery period lasting until 40 d posthatch. The alevin stage was the most sensitive: at pH 5.0 with no Al, survival was reduced by 68% and swimming duration by 76%; at pH 6.0 and 50-mu-g Al/L, swimming duration was reduced by 62%, but survival was not affected. Reductions in whole-body concentrations of Na, K, and Ca indicated organism stress. Sodium was reduced most-about 50% in alevins exposed to pH 5.0 without Al and to pH 6.0 with 50-mu-g Al/L. Growth and the ratio of RNA to DNA were not affected by any exposure. All responses that were affected during exposure returned to normal by 40 d posthatch. Overall, it appeared that pH 6.0 and 50-mu-g Al/L might be detrimental to greenback cutthroat trout populations. C1 UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ZOOL & PHYSIOL,LARAMIE,WY 82071. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP WOODWARD, DF (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,JACKSON FIELD STN,BOX 1089,JACKSON,WY 83001, USA. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 120 IS 1 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0034:SOGCTT>2.3.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA FK683 UT WOS:A1991FK68300003 ER PT J AU TYUS, HM HAINES, GB AF TYUS, HM HAINES, GB TI DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT USE, AND GROWTH OF AGE-0 COLORADO SQUAWFISH IN THE GREEN RIVER BASIN, COLORADO AND UTAH SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PTYCHOCHEILUS-LUCIUS AB Age-0 Colorado squawfish Ptychocheilus lucius (N = 11,379) were captured as larvae and postlarvae in drift nets and seines in the Green and Yampa rivers from 1979 to 1988. Larvae were captured in drift nets (N = 601) for 2-6 weeks in June and July. Small postlarvae (N = 3,079) were captured by seining shoreline habitats in July and August. In September and October, postlarvae were most abundant (N = 6,459) in low-gradient reaches of the Green River. Catch data indicated that the postlarvae moved from the Yampa and Green river spawning areas and were concentrated about 150 km downstream by autumn of each year. Spring sampling indicated that young fish (N = 1,240) overwintered in areas occupied the previous autumn. Postlarvae captured in the Green River (N = 5,043) most frequently occupied shoreline embayments (backwaters) that were relatively warm (mean, 17.0-degrees-C), deep (mean, 38 cm), large (mean, 826 m2), and turbid. Abundance and size of young Colorado squawfish in the Green River were inversely correlated with high summer and autumn flows, which inundated nursery habitats. Seine catches of young squawfish in 4 years of sampling the upper and lower Green River in autumn and the following spring were not reliable in assessing overwintering mortality of age-0 Colorado squawfish, presumably due to differences in capture vulnerability between seasons. Survival of small fish in spring indicated their tolerance of prevailing winter conditions. RP TYUS, HM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,1680 W HIGHWAY 40,SUITE 1210,VERNAL,UT 84078, USA. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 120 IS 1 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0079:DHUAGO>2.3.CO;2 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA FK683 UT WOS:A1991FK68300008 ER PT J AU MAZIK, PM SIMCO, BA PARKER, NC AF MAZIK, PM SIMCO, BA PARKER, NC TI INFLUENCE OF WATER HARDNESS AND SALTS ON SURVIVAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL-CHARACTERISTICS OF STRIPED BASS DURING AND AFTER TRANSPORT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; FINGERLING RAINBOW-TROUT; FRESH-WATER; STRESS RESPONSES; PLASMA-CORTISOL; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; HANDLING STRESS; HAULING STRESS; SEA-WATER AB Physiological characteristics and survival of striped bass Morone saxatilis were evaluated during, and for 1 month after, transportation from a soft-water hatchery (hardness, 28 mg/L) to a hard-water hatchery (hardness, 110 mg/L). Fish were transported and allowed to recover in either 1.0% sodium chloride, 0.1% calcium chloride, or fresh water. The addition of 1.0% sodium chloride to the transportation and recovery waters increased survival, decreased the rise in plasma cortisol and plasma glucose concentrations, and reduced osmoregulatory dysfunction. The addition of 0.1% calcium chloride to the transport and recovery media or the use of fresh water did not significantly reduce the stress response of striped bass during and after transport. Striped bass had significantly better survival and lower stress response when transported and allowed to recover in 1.0% sodium chloride than when treated in fresh water or 0.1% calcium chloride, which is generally used in soft-water hatcheries to increase the water hardness. C1 MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ECOL RES CTR,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. RP MAZIK, PM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,SE FISH CULTURAL LAB,ROUTE 3,POB 86,MARION,AL 36756, USA. NR 34 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 120 IS 1 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0121:IOWHAS>2.3.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA FK683 UT WOS:A1991FK68300013 ER PT J AU SCHNICK, RA AF SCHNICK, RA TI AN OVERVIEW OF CURRENT PROGRAMS ON DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION FOR AQUACULTURE - UNITED-STATES-FISH-AND-WILDLIFE-SERVICE PERSPECTIVE SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP FOR MINOR USE DRUGS : FOCUS ON AQUACULTURE CY OCT 15-16, 1990 CL BETHESDA, MD SP US DEPT HHS US FDA, CTR VET MED, USDA, INTERREG PROJECT ANIM DRUG PROGRAM RP SCHNICK, RA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,POB 818,LA CROSSE,WI 54602, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB KANSAS STATE UNIV PI MANHATTAN PA MANHATTAN, KS 66506 SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PY 1991 VL 33 SU 1 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA FU862 UT WOS:A1991FU86200003 PM 1926746 ER PT J AU GOODE, DJ SHAPIRO, AM AF GOODE, DJ SHAPIRO, AM TI FLOW AND TRACER TRANSPORT IN A SINGLE FRACTURE - A STOCHASTIC-MODEL AND ITS RELATION TO SOME FIELD OBSERVATIONS - COMMENT SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Note C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP GOODE, DJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MAIL STOP 496,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. OI Goode, Daniel/0000-0002-8527-2456 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 1 BP 129 EP 131 DI 10.1029/90WR02310 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA ER548 UT WOS:A1991ER54800013 ER PT J AU GOODE, DJ SHAPIRO, AM AF GOODE, DJ SHAPIRO, AM TI MACRODISPERSION IN SAND-SHALE SEQUENCES - COMMENT SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Note ID DISPERSION; TRANSPORT C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP GOODE, DJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MAIL STOP 496,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. OI Goode, Daniel/0000-0002-8527-2456 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 1 BP 135 EP 139 DI 10.1029/90WR02309 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA ER548 UT WOS:A1991ER54800015 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, M CATLING, PC AF PHILLIPS, M CATLING, PC TI HOME RANGE AND ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF RED FOXES IN NADGEE NATURE-RESERVE SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NEW-SOUTH-WALES; VULPES-VULPES L; PREY; POPULATIONS; PREDATION AB Three adult red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in a 20-km2 wilderness area of coastal southeastern Australia were studied during pre-denning and denning. Home ranges were defined by geographic featues, but not by roads. The foxes occupied exclusive home ranges, and observations suggest that they were territorial and existed alone or, at most, in mated pairs. Home-range sizes were small (1.2-5.2 km2) compared with those in North America and Europe, but similar to those in England and Wales. During denning the female's activity became almost entirely diurnal. When not active, the vixen was with the cubs. Male activity during denning was nocturnal, but, as found for the female, inactive periods were spent near the suspected den-site in his home range. Habitats that were frequented most by all foxes were those with the highest abundance of either small or medium-sized mammals. Dry sclerophyll forest was used consistently by all foxes but heathland and the beaches were rarely frequented. Small and medium-sized mammals, which were abundant in all habitats except the beach and heathland, made up 52.6% of items in the scats. C1 CSIRO,DIV WILDLIFE & ECOL,LYNEHAM,ACT 2602,AUSTRALIA. RP PHILLIPS, M (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,POB 1034,MANTEO,NC 27954, USA. NR 41 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 19 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 1991 VL 18 IS 6 BP 677 EP 686 DI 10.1071/WR9910677 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA GY235 UT WOS:A1991GY23500003 ER PT J AU RYDER, RT LEE, MW AGENA, WF ANDERSON, RC AF RYDER, RT LEE, MW AGENA, WF ANDERSON, RC TI SEISMIC DETECTION OF SUBTLE STRATIGRAPHIC TRAP SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP RYDER, RT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD DEC 24 PY 1990 VL 88 IS 52 BP 54 EP 57 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA EP773 UT WOS:A1990EP77300009 ER PT J AU KING, G ELLIS, M AF KING, G ELLIS, M TI THE ORIGIN OF LARGE LOCAL UPLIFT IN EXTENSIONAL REGIONS SO NATURE LA English DT Article C1 MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,CTR EARTHQUAKE RES & INFORMAT,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. RP KING, G (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 36 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 8 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 20 PY 1990 VL 348 IS 6303 BP 689 EP 692 DI 10.1038/348689a0 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EP049 UT WOS:A1990EP04900045 ER PT J AU RYDER, RT LEE, MW AGENA, WF ANDERSON, RC AF RYDER, RT LEE, MW AGENA, WF ANDERSON, RC TI SEISMIC EXPRESSION OF SUBTLE STRAT TRAP IN UPPER CRETACEOUS ALMOND SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP RYDER, RT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD DEC 17 PY 1990 VL 88 IS 51 BP 54 EP 57 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA EN689 UT WOS:A1990EN68900011 ER PT J AU DAVIS, KB PARKER, NC AF DAVIS, KB PARKER, NC TI PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS IN STRIPED BASS - EFFECT OF ACCLIMATION TEMPERATURE SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; CHANNEL CATFISH; RAINBOW-TROUT; LARGEMOUTH BASS; HANDLING STRESS; RESPONSES; CONFINEMENT; STEELHEAD; GAIRDNERI; TRANSPORT C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,SOUTHEASTERN FISH CULTURAL LAB,MARION,AL 36756. RP DAVIS, KB (reprint author), MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ECOL RES CTR,MEMPHIS,TN 38152, USA. NR 23 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD DEC 15 PY 1990 VL 91 IS 3-4 BP 349 EP 358 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(90)90199-W PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EN978 UT WOS:A1990EN97800011 ER PT J AU AVELLA, M YOUNG, G PRUNET, P SCHRECK, CB AF AVELLA, M YOUNG, G PRUNET, P SCHRECK, CB TI PLASMA PROLACTIN AND CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS DURING SALINITY CHALLENGES OF COHO SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH) AT SMOLT AND POST-SMOLT STAGES SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SALMON; FRESH-WATER; SEAWATER ADAPTATION; GROWTH-HORMONE; RAINBOW-TROUT; THYROID-HORMONES; SMOLTIFICATION; OSMOREGULATION; SALAR; INVITRO C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OREGON COOPERAT FISHERY RES UNIT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,OREGON COOPERAT FISHERY RES UNIT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ZOOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CANC RES LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 46 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD DEC 15 PY 1990 VL 91 IS 3-4 BP 359 EP 372 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(90)90200-7 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EN978 UT WOS:A1990EN97800012 ER PT J AU LINDH, AG AF LINDH, AG TI EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION - THE SEISMIC CYCLE PURSUED SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material RP LINDH, AG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 13 PY 1990 VL 348 IS 6302 BP 580 EP 581 DI 10.1038/348580a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EM760 UT WOS:A1990EM76000026 ER PT J AU VARGA, RJ BAILEY, RA SUEMNICHT, GA AF VARGA, RJ BAILEY, RA SUEMNICHT, GA TI EVIDENCE FOR 600-YEAR-OLD BASALT AND MAGMA MIXING AT INYO CRATERS VOLCANIC CHAIN, LONG VALLEY CALDERA, CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. UNOCAL GEOTHERMAL DIV,SANTA ROSA,CA. RP VARGA, RJ (reprint author), UNOCAL SCI & TECHNOL DIV,BREA,CA, USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD DEC 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B13 BP 21441 EP 21450 DI 10.1029/JB095iB13p21441 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EN177 UT WOS:A1990EN17700009 ER PT J AU BACON, CR FOSTER, HL SMITH, JG AF BACON, CR FOSTER, HL SMITH, JG TI RHYOLITIC CALDERAS OF THE YUKON-TANANA TERRANE, EAST CENTRAL ALASKA - VOLCANIC REMNANTS OF A MIDCRETACEOUS MAGMATIC ARC SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article RP BACON, CR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD DEC 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B13 BP 21451 EP 21461 DI 10.1029/JB095iB13p21451 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EN177 UT WOS:A1990EN17700010 ER PT J AU MCGARR, A BICKNELL, J CHURCHER, J SPOTTISWOODE AF MCGARR, A BICKNELL, J CHURCHER, J SPOTTISWOODE TI COMPARISON OF GROUND MOTION FROM TREMORS AND EXPLOSIONS IN DEEP GOLD-MINES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article C1 CHAMBER MINES S AFRICA, RES ORG, ROCK MECH LAB, AUCKLAND PK 2006, SOUTH AFRICA. RP US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MS 977, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD DEC 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B13 BP 21777 EP 21792 DI 10.1029/JB095iB13p21777 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EN177 UT WOS:A1990EN17700038 ER PT J AU BENZ, HM SMITH, RB MOONEY, WD AF BENZ, HM SMITH, RB MOONEY, WD TI CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE NORTHWESTERN BASIN AND RANGE PROVINCE FROM THE 1986 PROGRAM FOR ARRAY SEISMIC STUDIES OF THE CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE SEISMIC EXPERIMENT SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article C1 UNIV UTAH, DEPT NOAA, SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84112 USA. RP US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MS 977, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 60 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD DEC 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B13 BP 21823 EP 21842 DI 10.1029/JB095iB13p21823 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EN177 UT WOS:A1990EN17700041 ER PT J AU FERRAZZINI, V CHOUET, B FEHLER, M AKI, K AF FERRAZZINI, V CHOUET, B FEHLER, M AKI, K TI QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS OF LONG-PERIOD EVENTS RECORDED DURING HYDROFRACTURE EXPERIMENTS AT FENTON HILL, NEW-MEXICO SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. UNIV CALIF LOS ALAMOS SCI LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP FERRAZZINI, V (reprint author), UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT GEOL SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089, USA. RI Ferrazzini, Valerie/E-8032-2017 OI Ferrazzini, Valerie/0000-0001-7908-1429 NR 29 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD DEC 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B13 BP 21871 EP 21884 DI 10.1029/JB095iB13p21871 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EN177 UT WOS:A1990EN17700043 ER PT J AU HESTER, TC SCHMOKER, JW SAHL, HL AF HESTER, TC SCHMOKER, JW SAHL, HL TI WOODFORD SHALE IN THE ANADARKO BASIN - COULD IT BE ANOTHER BAKKEN TYPE HORIZONTAL TARGET SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP HESTER, TC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD DEC 3 PY 1990 VL 88 IS 49 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA EL149 UT WOS:A1990EL14900029 ER PT J AU REPENNING, CA AF REPENNING, CA TI OF MICE AND ICE IN THE LATE PLIOCENE OF NORTH-AMERICA SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE ARCTIC; PLIOCENE-PLEISTOCENE; GLACIAL CLIMATE; MICROTINE RODENT DISPERSAL AB Between 2.5 to 1.8 million years ago changes in arctic climate and in meadow mouse dispersal routes correlate with part of the history of uplift and glacial erosion of the Chugach and Saint Elias mountains in Alaska and adjacent Canada. Earlier meadow mice dispersing from Asia to central North America followed a southward coastal route between these mountains and the Pacific Ocean, appearing first in the United States Pacific Northwest. Two and a half million years ago, accelerated uplift of the Chugach and Saint Elias mountains milked Pacific westerly winds, enlarging the ice fields in these mountains so that they then flowed to the sea. This blocked the coastal dispersal for 600 000 years, when no new immigrant meadow mice appeared in the conterminous United States. The uplift also restrained westerly winds that crossed Canada, permitting moister air from the subtropical Atlantic and from an unfrozen Arctic Ocean to produce significant continental glaciation, centered in eastern Canada. By 2.0 million years ago, glacial erosion had lowered these mountains again, letting relatively dry Pacific westerlies extend across Canada, reducing the encroachment of moist Atlantic and arctic air, and ending continental glaciation ot the east. The simultaneous reduction of glacial activity in the cordillera allowed meadow mice to renew southward dispersal. Additionally, the lowered mountains remained a rain shadow, causing grassland in the Great Plains of Canada. Thus a new dispersal route to the United States was opened for grazing meadow mice and for the first time their earliest records were in the Great Plains. Loss of the continental ice sheet and an unfrozen Arctic Ocean facilitated the northward spread of warm and moist air from the North Atlantic subtropical high; it flowed northward up the eastern front of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and, mingling with the dry westerlies, northeastward across Canada to northernmost Greenland, where trees then grew. About 1.8 million years ago the Great Plains of the United States were subtropical savannah and remained so until the beginning of the Ice Age 850 000 years ago. RP REPENNING, CA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 919,FED CTR BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY AB T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD DEC PY 1990 VL 43 IS 4 BP 314 EP 323 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA EQ392 UT WOS:A1990EQ39200003 ER PT J AU PETERMAN, PH DELFINO, JJ AF PETERMAN, PH DELFINO, JJ TI IDENTIFICATION OF ISOPROPYLBIPHENYL, ALKYL DIPHENYLMETHANES, DIISOPROPYLNAPHTHALENE, LINEAR ALKYL BENZENES AND OTHER POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL REPLACEMENT COMPOUNDS IN EFFLUENTS, SEDIMENTS AND FISH IN THE FOX RIVER SYSTEM, WISCONSIN SO BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ENVIRONM ENGN SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP PETERMAN, PH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,4200 NEW HAVEN RD,COLUMBIA,MO 65201, USA. NR 74 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0887-6134 J9 BIOMED ENVIRON MASS PD DEC PY 1990 VL 19 IS 12 BP 755 EP 770 DI 10.1002/bms.1200191203 PG 16 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA EL190 UT WOS:A1990EL19000002 ER PT J AU FORD, WM HILL, EP AF FORD, WM HILL, EP TI ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS IN EGGS AND TISSUE OF WOOD DUCKS FROM MISSISSIPPI SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MISSISSIPPI COOP FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,PO DRAWER BX,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 45 IS 6 BP 870 EP 875 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EJ848 UT WOS:A1990EJ84800015 PM 2279137 ER PT J AU WENNERBERG, L AF WENNERBERG, L TI STOCHASTIC SUMMATION OF EMPIRICAL GREENS-FUNCTIONS SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORTH PALM-SPRINGS; SUPERSTITION HILLS; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; INVERSION; RUPTURE; RADIATION; SPECTRA; MODELS; MOTION AB Two simple strategies are presented that use random delay times for repeatedly summing the record of a relatively small earthquake to simulate the effects of a larger earthquake. The simulations do not assume any fault plane geometry or rupture dynamics, but rely only on the omega--2 spectral model of an earthquake source and elementary notions of source complexity. The strategies simulate ground motions for all frequencies within the bandwidth of the record of the event used as a summand. The first strategy, which introduces the basic ideas, is a single-stage procedure that consists of simply adding many small events with random time delays. The probability distribution for delays has the property that its amplitude spectrum is determined by the ratio omega--2 spectra, and its phase spectrum is identically zero. A simple expression is given for the computation of this zero-phase scaling distribution. The moment rate function resulting from the single-stage simulation is quite simple and hence is probably not realistic for high-frequency (> Hz) ground motion of events larger than M(L) approximately 4.5 to 5. The second strategy is a two-stage summation that simulates source complexity with a few random subevent delays determined using the zero-phase scaling distribution, and then clusters energy around these delays to get an omega--2 spectrum for the sum. Thus, the two-stage strategy allows simulations of complex events of any size for which the omega--2 spectral model applies. Interestingly, a single-stage simulation with too few omega--2 records to get a good lift to an omega--2 large-event target spectrum yields a record whose spectral asymptotes are consistent with the omega--2 model, but that includes a region in its spectrum between the corner frequencies of the larger and smaller events reasonably approximated by a power law trend. This spectral feature has also been discussed as reflecting the process of partial stress release (Brune, 1970), an asperity failure (Boatwright, 1984), or the breakdown of omega--2 scaling due to rupture significantly longer than the width of the seismogenic zone (Joyner, 1984). RP WENNERBERG, L (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 30 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1418 EP 1432 PN A PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ER196 UT WOS:A1990ER19600002 ER PT J AU SPUDICH, P MILLER, DP AF SPUDICH, P MILLER, DP TI SEISMIC SITE EFFECTS AND THE SPATIAL INTERPOLATION OF EARTHQUAKE SEISMOGRAMS - RESULTS USING AFTERSHOCKS OF THE 1986 NORTH PALM-SPRINGS, CALIFORNIA, EARTHQUAKE SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ISOTROPIC SCATTERERS; CODA; INVERSION; RADIATION AB We address the following two questions. Can a microearthquake's ground motions be modeled by incident P and S waves that excite a site transfer-function that is a smooth function of incidence angle? Given recorded ground motions from a set of earthquake having known locations and mechanisms, can we derive such a site transfer-function and use it to obtain the ground motions that would result from an earthquake source occurring somewhere in the same volume but having a location and mechanism that are different from the recorded events? Although many factors will cause two distinct microearthquake sources to have different seismograms at a common station, in this paper we concentrate only upon the differences caused by source mechanisms, P- and S-wave travel-time variations and by variations in the site transfer-function. We specifically exclude the effects of waves scattered from heterogeneities in the geologic structure away from the seismic site. We express the site transfer-function as a sum of several terms having simple dependences upon incidence angle and azimuth. Each term is an independent function of time. Given a set of seismograms observed at the site, we solve a linear system of equations for the time dependences of each term. These time series may be used to calculate the seismograms that would have resulted from an earthquake having arbitrary mechanism and location. This step is an interpolation. We have applied this technique to seismograms after aftershocks of the 1986 North Palm Springs earthquake. Our interpolation technique works fairly well within the volume occupied by the recorded events, but the method is not very successful at providing accurate seismograms for sources located outside the after shock volume. The primary causes of the inaccuracy are the inadequacy of our chosen angular functions to model the site response fully and the likely scattering of seismic waves by geological heterogeneities (in this case, the Banning and Mission Creek faults) near the seismic stations. Our methods could be used to determine the effects of single scattering from lateral heterogeneities in geologic structure. RP SPUDICH, P (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1504 EP 1532 PN A PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ER196 UT WOS:A1990ER19600006 ER PT J AU GOMBERG, JS SHEDLOCK, KM ROECKER, SW AF GOMBERG, JS SHEDLOCK, KM ROECKER, SW TI THE EFFECT OF S-WAVE ARRIVAL TIMES ON THE ACCURACY OF HYPOCENTER ESTIMATION SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKES AB Well-constrained hypocenters (latitude, longitude, depth, and origin time) are required for nearly all studies that use earthquake data. We have examined the theoretical basis behind some of the widely accepted "rules of thumb" for obtaining accurate hypocenter estimates that pertain to the use of S phases and illustrate, in a variety of ways, why and when these "rules" are applicable. Results of experiments done for this study show that epicentral estimates (latitude and longitude) are typically far more robust with respect to data inadequacies; therefore, only examples illustrating the relationship between S phase arrival time data and focal depth and origin time estimates are presented. Most methods used to determine earthquake hypocenters are based on iterative, linearized, least-squares algorithms. Standard errors associated with hypocenter parameters are calculated assuming the data errors may be correctly described by a Gaussian distribution. We examine the influence of S-phase arrival time data on such algorithms by using the program HYPOINVERSE with synthetic datasets. Least-squares hypocenter determination algorithms have several shortcomings: solutions may be highly dependent on starting hypocenters, linearization and the assumption that data errors follow a Gaussian distribution may not be appropriate, and depth/origin time trade-offs are not readily apparent. These shortcomings can lead to biased hypocenter estimates and standard errors that do not always represent the true error. To illustrate the constraint provided by S-phase data on hypocenters determined without some of these potential problems, we also show examples of hypocenter estimates derived using a probabilistic approach that does not require linearization. We conclude that a correctly timed S phase recorded within about 1.4 focal depth's distance from the epicenter can be a powerful constraint on focal depth. Furthermore, we demonstrate that even a single incorrectly times S phase can result in depth estimates and associated measures of uncertainty that are significantly incorrect. C1 RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,DEPT GEOL,TROY,NY 12180. RP GOMBERG, JS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 966,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 17 TC 111 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1605 EP 1628 PN A PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ER196 UT WOS:A1990ER19600011 ER PT J AU LIPMAN, PW RHODES, JM DALRYMPLE, GB AF LIPMAN, PW RHODES, JM DALRYMPLE, GB TI THE NINOLE BASALT - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF MAUNA-LOA VOLCANO, HAWAII SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Lava flows of the Ninole Basalt, the oldest rocks exposed on the south side of the island of Hawaii, provide age and compositional constraints on the evolution of Mauna Loa volcano and the southeastward age progression of Hawaiian volcanism. Although the tholeiitic Ninole Basalt differs from historic lavas of Mauna Loa volcano in most major-element contents (e.g., variably lower K, Na, Si; higher Al, Fe, Ti, Ca), REE and other relatively immobile minor elements are similar to historic and prehistoric Mauna Loa lavas, and the present major-element differences are mainly due to incipient weathering in the tropical environment. New K-Ar whole-rock ages, from relatively fresh roadcut samples, suggest that the age of the Ninole Basalt is approximately 0.1-0.2 Ma, although resolution is poor because of low contents of K and radiogenic Ar. Originally considered the remnants of a separate volcano, the Ninole Hills are here interpreted as faulted remnants of the old south flank of Mauna Loa. Deep canyons in the Ninole Hills, eroded after massive landslide failure of flanks of the southwest rift zone, have been preserved from burial by younger lava due to westward migration of the rift zone. Landslide-induced depressurization of the southwest rift zone may also have induced phreatomagmatic eruptions that could have deposited widespread Basaltic ash that overlies the Ninole Basalt. Subaerial presence of the Ninole Basalt documents that the southern part of Hawaii Island had grown to much of its present size above sea level by 0.1-0.2 Ma, and places significant limits on subsequent enlargement of the south flank of Mauna Loa. RP LIPMAN, PW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 53 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1007/BF00680316 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EP508 UT WOS:A1990EP50800001 ER PT J AU DVORAK, J MATAHELUMUAL, J OKAMURA, AT SAID, H CASADEVALL, TJ MULYADI, D AF DVORAK, J MATAHELUMUAL, J OKAMURA, AT SAID, H CASADEVALL, TJ MULYADI, D TI RECENT UPLIFT AND HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY AT TANGKUBAN-PARAHU VOLCANO, WEST-JAVA, INDONESIA SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Tangkuban Parahu is an active stratovolcano located 17 km north of the city of Bandung in the province west Java, Indonesia. All historical eruptive activity at this volcano has been confined to a complex of explosive summit craters. About a dozen eruptions - mostly phreatic events - and 15 other periods of unrest, indicated by earthquakes or increased thermal activity, have been noted since 1829. The last magmatic eruption occurred in 1910. In late 1983, several small phreatic explosions originated from one of the summit craters. More recently, increased hydrothermal and earthquake activity occurred from late 1985 through 1986. Tilt measurements, using a spirit-level technique, have been made every few months since February 1981 in the summit region and along the south and east flanks of the volcano. Measurements made in the summit region indicated uplift since the start of these measurements through at least 1986. From 1981 to 1983, the average tilt rate at the edges of the summit craters was 40-50 microradians per year. After the 1983 phreatic activity, the tilt rate decreased by about a factor of five. Trilateration surveys across the summit craters and on the east flank of the volcano were conducted in 1983 and 1986. Most line length changes measured during this three-year period did not exceed the expected uncertainty of the technique (4 ppm). The lack of measurable horizontal strain across the summit craters seems to contradict the several years of tilt measurements. Using a point source of dilation in an elastic half-space to model tilt measurements, the pressure center at Tangkuban Parahu is located about 1.5 km beneath the southern part of the summit craters. This is beneath the epicentral area of an earthquake swarm that occurred in late 1983. The average rate in the volume of uplift from 1981 to 1983 was 3 million m3 per year; from 1983 to 1986 it averaged about 0.4 million m3 per year. Possible causes for this uplift are increased pressure within a very shallow magma body or heating and expansion of a confined aquifier. RP DVORAK, J (reprint author), HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERV,US GEOL SURVEY,HAWAII NATL PK,HI 96718, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 53 IS 1 BP 20 EP 28 DI 10.1007/BF00680317 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EP508 UT WOS:A1990EP50800002 ER PT J AU RICHTER, DH SMITH, JG LANPHERE, MA DALRYMPLE, GB REED, BL SHEW, N AF RICHTER, DH SMITH, JG LANPHERE, MA DALRYMPLE, GB REED, BL SHEW, N TI AGE AND PROGRESSION OF VOLCANISM, WRANGELL VOLCANIC FIELD, ALASKA SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Wrangell volcanic field covers more than 10000 km2 in southern Alaska and extends uninterrupted into northwest Yukon Territory. Lavas in the field exhibit medium-K, calc-alkaline affinities, typical of continental volcanic arcs along convergent plate margins. Eleven major eruptive centers are recognized in the Alaskan part of the field. More than 90 K-Ar age determinations in the field show a northwesterly progression of eruptive activity from 26 Ma, near the Alaska-Yukon border, to about 0.2 Ma at the northwest end of the field. A few age determinations in the southeast extension of the field in Yukon Territory, Canada, range from 11 to 25 Ma. The ages indicate that the progression of volcanism in the Alaska part of the field increased from about 0.8 km/Ma, at 25 Ma, to more than 20 km/MA during the past 2 Ma. The progression of volcanic activity and its increased rate of migration with time is attributed to changes in the rate and angle of Pacific plate convergence and the progressive decoupling of the Yakutat terrane from North America. Subduction of Yakutat terrane-Pacific plate and Wrangell volcanic activity ceased about 200 000 years ago when Pacific plate motion was taken up by strike-slip faulting and thrusting. RP RICHTER, DH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,4200 UNIV DR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99508, USA. NR 0 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 53 IS 1 BP 29 EP 44 DI 10.1007/BF00680318 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EP508 UT WOS:A1990EP50800003 ER PT J AU HASSLER, TJ KUTCHINS, K AF HASSLER, TJ KUTCHINS, K TI HOMING BY CHINOOK SALMON EXPOSED TO MORPHOLINE SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article RP HASSLER, TJ (reprint author), HUMBOLDT STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,CALIF COOPERAT FISHERY RES UNIT,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD WIN PY 1990 VL 76 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA DE574 UT WOS:A1990DE57400003 ER PT J AU BARNHART, RA AF BARNHART, RA TI COMPARISON OF STEELHEAD CAUGHT AND LOST BY ANGLERS USING FLIES WITH BARBED OR BARBLESS HOOKS IN THE KLAMATH RIVER, CALIFORNIA SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article RP BARNHART, RA (reprint author), HUMBOLDT STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,CALIF COOPERAT FISHERY RES UNIT,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD WIN PY 1990 VL 76 IS 1 BP 43 EP 45 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA DE574 UT WOS:A1990DE57400005 ER PT J AU JENNINGS, MR SAIKI, MK AF JENNINGS, MR SAIKI, MK TI ESTABLISHMENT OF RED SHINER, NOTROPIS-LUTRENSIS, IN THE SAN-JOAQUIN-VALLEY, CALIFORNIA SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article RP JENNINGS, MR (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,FIELD RES STN,6924 TREMONT RD,DIXON,CA 95620, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD WIN PY 1990 VL 76 IS 1 BP 46 EP 57 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA DE574 UT WOS:A1990DE57400006 ER PT J AU JAGOE, CH HAINES, TA AF JAGOE, CH HAINES, TA TI MORPHOMETRIC EFFECTS OF LOW PH AND LIMED WATER ON THE GILLS OF ATLANTIC SALMON (SALMO-SALAR) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article C1 UNIV MAINE,DEPT ZOOL,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,ORONO,ME 04469. NR 73 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 47 IS 12 BP 2451 EP 2460 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM311 UT WOS:A1990EM31100021 ER PT J AU HOHMAN, WL WOOLINGTON, DW DEVRIES, JH AF HOHMAN, WL WOOLINGTON, DW DEVRIES, JH TI FOOD-HABITS OF WINTERING CANVASBACKS IN LOUISIANA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID DUCKS; NUTRITION; BEHAVIOR; SURVIVAL AB We studied the food habits of canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) at Catahoula Lake (inland) and the Mississippi River Delta (coastal), Louisiana, from November 1987 to February 1988. Plant foods comprised > 97 aggregate percent dry mass of the canvasback diet. The proportion of plant material eaten did not vary with sex, age, or month, or differ between study sites or nocturnal and diurnal collections. Tubers of chufa flatsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and common arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia) made up 94% of the canvasback diet at Catahoula Lake. Common and grassy arrowhead (Sagittaria graminea) tubers and American bulrush (Scirpus americanus) rhizomes and seeds formed 94% of the canvasback diet at the Mississippi River Delta. Consumption of specific food taxa did not vary with sex, age, or month at either study site. Canvasbacks at the Mississippi River Delta preferred seeds of American bulrush over all other foods, but American bulrush rhizomes were underrepresented in the diet. Densities of subterranean plant foods at Catahoula Lake and the Mississippi River Delta are apparently higher than at other major canvasback concentration areas and enable canvasbacks wintering in Louisiana to improve their physical condition before spring migration. C1 DELTA WATERFOWL RES STN,PORTAGE PRAIRIE R1N 3A1,MANITOBA,CANADA. RP HOHMAN, WL (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR WETLAND RESOURCES,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,BATON ROUGE FIELD STN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 40 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 68 IS 12 BP 2605 EP 2609 DI 10.1139/z90-362 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EU112 UT WOS:A1990EU11200020 ER PT J AU ROMINGER, EM OLDEMEYER, JL AF ROMINGER, EM OLDEMEYER, JL TI EARLY-WINTER DIET OF WOODLAND CARIBOU IN RELATION TO SNOW ACCUMULATION, SELKIRK MOUNTAINS, BRITISH-COLUMBIA, CANADA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Note ID MULE DEER AB Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in the southern Selkirk Mountains of British Columbia shift from a diet of primarily vascular taxa during snow-free months to an arboreal lichen - conifer diet during late winter. We present evidence that caribou diets, during the early-winter transition period, are influenced by snow accumulation rates. Caribou shift to an arboreal lichen - conifer diet earlier during winters of rapid snow accumulation and forage extensively on myrtle boxwood (Pachistima myrsinites), an evergreen shrub, and other vascular plants during years of slower snow accumulation. The role of coniferous forage in early-winter food habits is examined. Forest management strategies can be developed to provide habitat that will enable caribou to forage in response to varying snow accumulation rates. RP ROMINGER, EM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,4512 MCMURRAY AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80525, USA. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 68 IS 12 BP 2691 EP 2694 DI 10.1139/z90-372 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EU112 UT WOS:A1990EU11200030 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, AC ERCIT, TS ERD, RC OSCARSON, RL AF ROBERTS, AC ERCIT, TS ERD, RC OSCARSON, RL TI SZYMANSKIITE, HG-1(16)+(NI,MG)6(CO3)12(OH)12(H3O)-1(8)+.3H2O, A NEW MINERAL SPECIES FROM THE CLEAR CREEK CLAIM, SAN-BENITO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE SZYMANSKIITE; NEW MINERAL SPECIES; HYDRATED HYDRONIUM MERCUROUS NICKEL HYDROXIDE CARBONATE; X-RAY DATA; CLEAR CREEK MINE; SAN-BENITO COUNTY; CALIFORNIA AB The new mineral species szymanskiite, Hg16(1+)(Ni,Mg)6 (CO3)12(OH)12(H3O)8(1+).3H2O, occurs as sprays of mm-sized crystals in vugs and cavities, and as disseminated single crystals and aggregates of crystals within massive quartz, at a small prospect pit near the long-abandoned Clear Creek mercury mine, New Idria district, San Benito County, California. The mineral is most closely associated with cinnabar, montroydite, native mercury, edgarbaileyite and millerite in a matrix principally composed of quartz, chalcedony, opal, ferroan magnesite, goethite, chromite and minor chlorite and dolomite. It is hexagonal, P6(3), a 17.415(5), c 6.011(4) angstrom, V 1579(2) angstrom3, c/a 0.3452. The strongest eight lines of the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in A(I)(hkl)] are: 14.9(100)(100), 5.60(100)(101), 3.299(80)(410), 3.201(50)(401), 2.704(60)(510,501), 2.665(60)(212), 2.476(50)(222) and 1.751(50)(702,532). The empirical formula, derived from crystal-structure analysis and electron-microprobe analyses, is Hg16(1+)(Ni4.08 Mg1.92)SIGMA-6(CO3)12(OH)12(H3O)8(1+).3H2O, based on O = 59. It requires MgO 1.67, NiO 6.59, Hg2O 72.14, CO2 11.42, H2O 8.18, total 100.00 wt.%. For the idealized formula with a Ni:Mg ratio of 2.125, the calculated density is 4.86 g/cm3 (Z = 1). Individual crystals of szymanskiite are acicular to prismatic, euhedral to subhedral, and do not exceed 0.4 mm in length by 0.05 mm in width. They are elongate [0001], with striations parallel to [0001] on {101BAR0}. Forms observed are {101BAR0} major and {0001} minor. Cleavage, on {101BAR0}, is poor. Freshly exposed crystals are transparent light blue-grey with a very pale blue streak and an irregular to conchoidal fracture. Szymanskiite is vitreous, brittle, nonfluorescent, and over an extended period of time, it is light-sensitive. It is uniaxial negative, omega-1.795(3), epsilon-1.786(3), and is pleochroic with O yellowish green, E bluish green, and E > O. The mineral name honors Dr. Jan T. Szymanski, who determined the crystal structure. C1 CANADIAN MUSEUM NAT,MINERAL SCI SECT,OTTAWA K1P 6P4,ONTARIO,CANADA. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP ROBERTS, AC (reprint author), GEOL SURVEY CANADA,601 BOOTH ST,OTTAWA K1A 0E8,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI NEPEAN PA CITYVIEW 78087, NEPEAN ON K2G 5W2, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 28 BP 703 EP 707 PN 4 PG 5 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA EV780 UT WOS:A1990EV78000002 ER PT J AU DRINKWATER, JL CZAMANSKE, GK FORD, AB AF DRINKWATER, JL CZAMANSKE, GK FORD, AB TI APATITE OF THE DUFEK INTRUSION - DISTRIBUTION, PARAGENESIS, AND CHEMISTRY SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE APATITE; DUFEK INTRUSION; PHOSPHORUS; RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; ANTARCTICA ID ELECTRON-MICROPROBE ANALYSIS; SKAERGAARD LAYERED SERIES; RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; BUSHVELD COMPLEX; STILLWATER; MINERALOGY; LIQUID; ROCKS AB Apatite in the Dufek intrusion of Antarctica is F-rich and exhibits systematic variations in contents of Cl, F, Fe, Sr, and rare-earth elements (REEs). Four types of apatite are distinguished on the basis of morphology, grain size, and textural relations: 1) cumulus, 2) early postcumulus (euhedral forms), 3) late postcumulus (anhedral forms), and 4) noncumulus primocryst. Cumulus apatite is relatively rich in F, Fe, and Sr, and poor in Cl and LREEs, whereas postcumulus apatite commonly contains more Cl and LREEs, and less F than cumulus apatite. Apatite primocrysts of the capping granophyre are depleted in Cl and enriched in REEs. Cl, F, Fe, and REEs are partitioned between the two types of postcumulus apatite, with euhedral, early-postcumulus grains typically containing less F, more Cl and Fe, and having higher Ce/Y ratios than anhedral, late-postcumulus grains. Large subhedral apatite sporadically occurs in anorthosite and leucogabbro below the main cumulus-apatite horizon, and shows textural and chemical evidence of being recycled cumulus apatite, deposited by current activity. Whole-rock P contents follow patterns generally comparable to those described for other layered mafic intrusions, but are unusually high in cumulates of the Forrestal Range section. Iron-rich biotite occurs in thin (5-15-mu-m) infilled cavities parallel to the c axes of some well-formed cumulus and early-postcumulus apatite crystals. RP DRINKWATER, JL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI NEPEAN PA CITYVIEW 78087, NEPEAN ON K2G 5W2, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 28 BP 835 EP 854 PN 4 PG 20 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA EV780 UT WOS:A1990EV78000013 ER PT J AU SEEVERS, PM SADOWSKI, FC LAUER, DT AF SEEVERS, PM SADOWSKI, FC LAUER, DT TI AN INVESTIGATION OF SPECTRAL CHANGE AS INFLUENCED BY IRRIGATION AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION VOLUME ESTIMATION IN WESTERN NEBRASKA SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,SIOUX FALLS,SD 57198. RP SEEVERS, PM (reprint author), TGS TECHNOL INC,SIOUX FALLS,SD 57198, USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 1990 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 265 EP 285 DI 10.1007/BF00138371 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EJ173 UT WOS:A1990EJ17300006 ER PT J AU MACKINNON, DJ ELDER, DF HELM, PJ TUESINK, MF NIST, CA AF MACKINNON, DJ ELDER, DF HELM, PJ TUESINK, MF NIST, CA TI A METHOD OF EVALUATING EFFECTS OF ANTECEDENT PRECIPITATION ON DUSTSTORMS AND ITS APPLICATION TO YUMA, ARIZONA, 1981-1988 SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article RP MACKINNON, DJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 1990 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 331 EP 360 DI 10.1007/BF00138374 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EJ173 UT WOS:A1990EJ17300009 ER PT J AU EPPINGER, RG CLOSS, LG AF EPPINGER, RG CLOSS, LG TI VARIATION OF TRACE-ELEMENTS AND RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN FLUORITE - A POSSIBLE TOOL FOR EXPLORATION SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Note ID IGNEOUS ROCKS; GEOCHEMISTRY C1 COLORADO SCH MINES,GOLDEN,CO 80401. RP EPPINGER, RG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MAIL STOP 973,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 46 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1896 EP 1907 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EX681 UT WOS:A1990EX68100015 ER PT J AU HAMILTON, SJ BUHL, KJ AF HAMILTON, SJ BUHL, KJ TI SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED INORGANIC ELEMENTS TO FRY OF CHINOOK SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA) SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; ACUTE TOXICITY; RAINBOW-TROUT; COPPER; CADMIUM; ZINC; FISH; HARDNESS; VANADIUM; MIXTURES RP HAMILTON, SJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,FIELD RES STN,RR 1,BOX 295,YANKTON,SD 57078, USA. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 20 IS 3 BP 307 EP 324 DI 10.1016/0147-6513(90)90009-T PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EP124 UT WOS:A1990EP12400009 PM 2090445 ER PT J AU BUHL, KJ HAMILTON, SJ AF BUHL, KJ HAMILTON, SJ TI COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF INORGANIC CONTAMINANTS RELEASED BY PLACER MINING TO EARLY LIFE STAGES OF SALMONIDS SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; RAINBOW-TROUT; CIRCLE QUADRANGLE; FRESHWATER FISH; CHINOOK SALMON; METAL TOXICITY; WATER-QUALITY; HEAVY-METALS; COHO SALMON; SOFT-WATER RP BUHL, KJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,FIELD RES STN,RR 1,BOX 295,YANKTON,SD 57078, USA. NR 48 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 20 IS 3 BP 325 EP 342 DI 10.1016/0147-6513(90)90010-3 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EP124 UT WOS:A1990EP12400010 PM 2090446 ER PT J AU HELSEL, DR AF HELSEL, DR TI LESS THAN OBVIOUS - STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA BELOW THE DETECTION LIMIT SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article RP HELSEL, DR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 31 TC 296 Z9 302 U1 5 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1766 EP 1774 DI 10.1021/es00082a001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK685 UT WOS:A1990EK68500002 ER PT J AU CARTER, V RYBICKI, NB AF CARTER, V RYBICKI, NB TI LIGHT ATTENUATION AND SUBMERSED MACROPHYTE DISTRIBUTION IN THE TIDAL POTOMAC RIVER AND ESTUARY SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID MARINA L EELGRASS; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; WATER-QUALITY; GROWTH; MARYLAND; DECLINE; LAKE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHYTOPLANKTON AB Changing light availability may be responsible for the discontinuous distribution of submersed aquatic macrophytes in the freshwater tidal Potomac River. During the 1985-1986 growing seasons, light attenuation and chlorophyll a and suspended particulate material concentrations were measured in an unvegetated reach (B) and in two adjacent vegetated reaches (A and C). Light attenuation in reach B (the lower, fresh to oligohaline tidal river) was greater than that in reach A (the recently revegetated, upper, freshwater tidal river) in both years. Reach B light attenuation was greater than that in reach C (the vegetated, oligohaline to mesohaline transition zone of the Potomac Estuary) in 1985 and similar to that in reach C in 1986. In reach B, 5% of total below-surface light penetrated only an average of 1.3 m in 1985 and 1.0 m in 1986, compared with 1.9 m and 1.4 m in reach A in 1985 and 1986, respectively. Water column chlorophyll a concentration controlled light availability in reaches A and B in 1985, whereas both chlorophyll a and suspended particulate material concentrations were highly correlated with attenuation in both reaches in 1986. Reach C light attenuation was correlated with suspended particulate material in 1986. The relationship between attenuation coefficient and Secchi depth was K(PAR) = 1.38/Secchi depth. The spectral distribution of light at 1 m was shifted toward the red portion of the visible spectrum compared to surface light. Blue light was virtually absent at 1.0 m in reach B during July and August 1986. Tidal range is probably an important factor in determining light availability for submersed macrophyte propagule survival at the sediment-water interface in this shallow turbid system. RP CARTER, V (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,430 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 48 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 1990 VL 13 IS 4 BP 441 EP 452 DI 10.2307/1351788 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ET548 UT WOS:A1990ET54800009 ER PT J AU KAMINENI, DC STONE, D PETERMAN, ZE AF KAMINENI, DC STONE, D PETERMAN, ZE TI EARLY PROTEROZOIC DEFORMATION IN THE WESTERN SUPERIOR PROVINCE, CANADIAN SHIELD SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 ONTARIO GEOL SURVEY,TORONTO M7A 1W4,ONTARIO,CANADA. US GEOL SURVEY,ISOTOPE GEOL BRANCH,DENVER,CO 80225. RP KAMINENI, DC (reprint author), ATOM ENERGY CANADA LTD,PINAWA R0E 1L0,MANITOBA,CANADA. NR 97 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 102 IS 12 BP 1623 EP 1634 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<1623:EPDITW>2.3.CO;2 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EM176 UT WOS:A1990EM17600002 ER PT J AU ERSLEV, EA SUTTER, JF AF ERSLEV, EA SUTTER, JF TI EVIDENCE FOR PROTEROZOIC MYLONITIZATION IN THE NORTHWESTERN WYOMING PROVINCE SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP ERSLEV, EA (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT EARTH RESOURCES,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 102 IS 12 BP 1681 EP 1694 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<1681:EFPMIT>2.3.CO;2 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EM176 UT WOS:A1990EM17600006 ER PT J AU SZABO, BJ KYSER, TK AF SZABO, BJ KYSER, TK TI AGES AND STABLE-ISOTOPE COMPOSITIONS OF SECONDARY CALCITE AND OPAL IN DRILL CORES FROM TERTIARY VOLCANIC-ROCKS OF THE YUCCA MOUNTAIN AREA, NEVADA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,DEPT GEOL SCI,SASKATOON S7N 0W0,SASKATCHEWAN,CANADA. RP SZABO, BJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS 963,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 102 IS 12 BP 1714 EP 1719 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<1714:AASICO>2.3.CO;2 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EM176 UT WOS:A1990EM17600009 ER PT J AU JOHNSSON, MJ STALLARD, RF LUNDBERG, N AF JOHNSSON, MJ STALLARD, RF LUNDBERG, N TI PETROLOGY OF FLUVIAL SANDS FROM THE AMAZONIAN FORELAND BASIN, PERU AND BOLIVIA - DISCUSSION SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Discussion C1 PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP JOHNSSON, MJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 999,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013 OI Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 102 IS 12 BP 1727 EP 1729 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<1727:POFSFT>2.3.CO;2 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EM176 UT WOS:A1990EM17600011 ER PT J AU BOX, SE MOLLSTALCUP, EJ WOODEN, JL BRADSHAW, JY AF BOX, SE MOLLSTALCUP, EJ WOODEN, JL BRADSHAW, JY TI KILBUCK TERRANE - OLDEST KNOWN ROCKS IN ALASKA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. US GEOL SURVEY,ANCHORAGE,AK 99508. RP BOX, SE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,US COURTHOUSE,ROOM 656,SPOKANE,WA 99201, USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 1990 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1219 EP 1222 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<1219:KTOKRI>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA EM179 UT WOS:A1990EM17900013 ER PT J AU WALLMANN, PC POLLARD, DD HILDRETH, W EICHELBERGER, JC AF WALLMANN, PC POLLARD, DD HILDRETH, W EICHELBERGER, JC TI NEW STRUCTURAL LIMITS ON MAGMA CHAMBER LOCATIONS AT THE VALLEY OF 10000 SMOKES, KATMAI NATIONAL-PARK, ALASKA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT APPL EARTH SCI,STANFORD,CA 94305. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. SANDIA NATL LABS,DIV GEOCHEM 6233,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP WALLMANN, PC (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOL,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. RI Eichelberger, John/H-6199-2016 NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 1990 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1240 EP 1243 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<1240:NSLOMC>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA EM179 UT WOS:A1990EM17900018 ER PT J AU SEGALL, P MCKEE, EH MARTEL, SJ TURRIN, BD AF SEGALL, P MCKEE, EH MARTEL, SJ TURRIN, BD TI LATE CRETACEOUS AGE OF FRACTURES IN THE SIERRA-NEVADA BATHOLITH, CALIFORNIA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOPHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP SEGALL, P (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 18 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 1990 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1248 EP 1251 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<1248:LCAOFI>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA EM179 UT WOS:A1990EM17900020 ER PT J AU PALLISTER, JS COLE, JC AF PALLISTER, JS COLE, JC TI USE AND ABUSE OF CRUSTAL ACCRETION CALCULATIONS - REPLY SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP PALLISTER, JS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MS 903,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 1990 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1259 EP 1259 PG 1 WC Geology SC Geology GA EM179 UT WOS:A1990EM17900027 ER PT J AU ALLEY, RB SALTZMAN, ES CUFFEY, KM FITZPATRICK, JJ AF ALLEY, RB SALTZMAN, ES CUFFEY, KM FITZPATRICK, JJ TI SUMMERTIME FORMATION OF DEPTH HOAR IN CENTRAL GREENLAND SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SNOW; METAMORPHISM; SULFATE; FIRN; AIR AB Summertime solar heating of near-surface snow in central Greenland causes mass loss and grain growth. These depth hoar layers become seasonal markers which are observed in ice cores and snow pits. Mass redistribution associated with depth-hoar formation can change concentrations of immobile chemicals by as much as a factor of two in the depth hoar, altering atmospheric signals prior to archival in ice. For methanesulfonic acid (MSA) this effect is not significant because the summer maximum does not coincide with the density minimum, and the amplitude of the annual (MSA) signal is more than a factor of ten. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOSCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,DEPT MARINE & ATMOSPHER CHEM,MIAMI,FL 33149. US GEOL SURVEY,SEDIMENTARY PROC BRANCH,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. RP ALLEY, RB (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,CTR EARTH SYST SCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 17 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 17 IS 13 BP 2393 EP 2396 DI 10.1029/GL017i013p02393 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EN701 UT WOS:A1990EN70100029 ER PT J AU SAGER, WW PRINGLE, MS AF SAGER, WW PRINGLE, MS TI PALEOMAGNETIC EVIDENCE FOR CRETACEOUS AGE OF 2 VOLCANOS ON THE SOUTH FLANK OF THE ISLAND OF HAWAII SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEAMOUNT MAGNETISM; PACIFIC PLATE; POLARITY AB Apuupuu and Dana seamounts are located on the south flank of the island of Hawaii, near the active submarine volcano, Loihi. Though previous work suggests that they are older, inactive volcanoes, their ages and relationship to Hawaiian volcanism are uncertain. We make age estimates for these two seamounts by comparing paleomagnetic poles, derived using a magnetic inversion technique, to the Pacific apparent polar wander path. The paleopoles of Apuupuu and Dana seamounts are located at 65.8-degrees-N, 9.2-degrees-E and 66.7-degrees-N, 358.7-degrees-E, respectively. Both poles are insignificantly different and located on the Late Cretaceous part of the polar wander path, between the 82 and 72 Ma mean poles, suggesting that the seamounts formed contemporaneously long before their part of the Pacific plate drifted over the Hawaiian hot spot. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ISOTOPE GEOL BRANCH,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP SAGER, WW (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT OCEANOG,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 17 IS 13 BP 2445 EP 2448 DI 10.1029/GL017i013p02445 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EN701 UT WOS:A1990EN70100042 ER PT J AU WARD, PL AF WARD, PL TI GLOBAL DATA-COLLECTION AND THE SURVEILLANCE OF ACTIVE VOLCANOS SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article AB Data relay systems on existing earth-orbiting satellites provide an inexpensive way to collect environmental data from numerous remote sites around the world. This technology could be used effectively for fundamental monitoring of most of the world's active volcanoes. Such global monitoring would focus attention on the most dangerous volcanoes that are likely to significantly impact the geosphere and the biosphere. RP WARD, PL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD DEC PY 1990 VL 89 IS 3 BP 263 EP 267 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EV984 UT WOS:A1990EV98400011 ER PT J AU KLEIN, DR BAY, C AF KLEIN, DR BAY, C TI FORAGING DYNAMICS OF MUSKOXEN IN PEARY LAND, NORTHERN GREENLAND SO HOLARCTIC ECOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 UNIV COPENHAGEN,BOT MUSEUM,DK-1123 COPENHAGEN K,DENMARK. RP KLEIN, DR (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,ALASKA COOPERAT WILDLIFE RES UNIT,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 28 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 6 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0105-9327 J9 HOLARCTIC ECOL PD DEC PY 1990 VL 13 IS 4 BP 269 EP 280 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM366 UT WOS:A1990EM36600003 ER PT J AU ASA, CS MECH, LD SEAL, US PLOTKA, ED AF ASA, CS MECH, LD SEAL, US PLOTKA, ED TI THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL AND ENDOCRINE FACTORS ON URINE-MARKING BY CAPTIVE WOLVES (CANIS-LUPUS) SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20707. MARSHFIELD MED RES FDN INC,MARSHFIELD,WI 54449. VET ADM MED CTR,RES SERV,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55417. RP ASA, CS (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT BIOCHEM,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 31 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0018-506X J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 24 IS 4 BP 497 EP 509 DI 10.1016/0018-506X(90)90038-Y PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA EM682 UT WOS:A1990EM68200006 PM 2286365 ER PT J AU CAMERON, CC PALMER, CA ESTERLE, JS AF CAMERON, CC PALMER, CA ESTERLE, JS TI THE GEOLOGY OF SELECTED PEAT-FORMING ENVIRONMENTS IN TEMPERATE AND TROPICAL LATITUDES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 28TH INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL CONGRESS - PEAT AND COAL : ORIGIN, FACIES, AND COALIFICATION CY JUL 09-19, 1989 CL WASHINGTON, DC C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT GEOL,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. RP CAMERON, CC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 16 IS 1-3 BP 127 EP 130 DI 10.1016/0166-5162(90)90018-T PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA EQ014 UT WOS:A1990EQ01400007 ER PT J AU LYONS, PC COHEN CALLCOTT, T ADOLPHI, J TEICHMULLER, M AF LYONS, PC COHEN CALLCOTT, T ADOLPHI, J TEICHMULLER, M TI PEAT AND COAL - ORIGIN, FACIES, AND COALIFICATION - OPEN DISCUSSION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Discussion C1 UNIV GREIFSWALD,O-2200 GREIFSWALD,GERMANY. RP LYONS, PC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 16 IS 1-3 BP 137 EP 138 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA EQ014 UT WOS:A1990EQ01400009 ER PT J AU BELT, ES LYONS, PC AF BELT, ES LYONS, PC TI THRUST-RIDGE PALEODEPOSITIONAL MODEL FOR THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL BED AND ASSOCIATED CLASTIC FACIES, UPPER POTOMAC COAL FIELD, APPALACHIAN BASIN, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 28TH INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL CONGRESS - PEAT AND COAL : ORIGIN, FACIES, AND COALIFICATION CY JUL 09-19, 1989 CL WASHINGTON, DC C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP BELT, ES (reprint author), AMHERST COLL,DEPT GEOL,AMHERST,MA 01002, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 16 IS 1-3 BP 167 EP 170 DI 10.1016/0166-5162(90)90029-X PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA EQ014 UT WOS:A1990EQ01400018 ER PT J AU PALMER, CA LYONS, PC AF PALMER, CA LYONS, PC TI CHEMISTRY AND ORIGIN OF MINOR AND TRACE-ELEMENTS IN SELECTED VITRINITE CONCENTRATES FROM BITUMINOUS AND ANTHRACITIC COALS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 28TH INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL CONGRESS - PEAT AND COAL : ORIGIN, FACIES, AND COALIFICATION CY JUL 09-19, 1989 CL WASHINGTON, DC RP PALMER, CA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 16 IS 1-3 BP 189 EP 192 DI 10.1016/0166-5162(90)90035-W PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA EQ014 UT WOS:A1990EQ01400024 ER PT J AU HATCHER, PG LERCH, HE VERHEYEN, TV AF HATCHER, PG LERCH, HE VERHEYEN, TV TI ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF GYMNOSPERMOUS XYLEM DURING PEATIFICATION AND COALIFICATION TO SUBBITUMINOUS COAL SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 28TH INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL CONGRESS - PEAT AND COAL : ORIGIN, FACIES, AND COALIFICATION CY JUL 09-19, 1989 CL WASHINGTON, DC C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. COAL CORP VICTORIA,CHURCHILL 3842,VIC,AUSTRALIA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 16 IS 1-3 BP 193 EP 196 DI 10.1016/0166-5162(90)90036-X PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA EQ014 UT WOS:A1990EQ01400025 ER PT J AU HATCHER, PG WILSON, MA VASSALO, M LERCH, HE AF HATCHER, PG WILSON, MA VASSALO, M LERCH, HE TI STUDIES OF ANGIOSPERMOUS WOODS IN AUSTRALIAN BROWN COAL BY NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE AND ANALYTICAL PYROLYSIS - NEW INSIGHT INTO EARLY COALIFICATION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 28TH INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL CONGRESS - PEAT AND COAL : ORIGIN, FACIES, AND COALIFICATION CY JUL 09-19, 1989 CL WASHINGTON, DC C1 CSIRO,DIV COAL TECHNOL,N RYDE,NSW 2113,AUSTRALIA. RP HATCHER, PG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 16 IS 1-3 BP 205 EP 207 DI 10.1016/0166-5162(90)90039-2 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA EQ014 UT WOS:A1990EQ01400028 ER PT J AU EBLE, CF GRADY, WC AF EBLE, CF GRADY, WC TI PALEOECOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF A MIDDLE PENNSYLVANIAN COAL BED IN THE CENTRAL APPALACHIAN BASIN, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SWAMP VEGETATION; PEAT; SPORANGIOSTROBUS; REPRODUCTION; ILLINOIS; LYCOPODS; PATTERNS AB At least 180 small spore species assignable to 62 miospore genera have been identified from the Middle Pennsyvanian Hernshaw coal bed in southern West Virginia, and its stratigraphic equivalent, the Fire Clay coal bed, in eastern Kentucky. The established natural affinities of a majority of these miospore taxa indicate that the Hernshaw-Fire Clay peat swamp supported a diverse flora consisting of aborescent and "herbaceous" lycopods, fern (tree-like and small varieties), calamites and cordaites. Four floral groupings are recognized in the Hernshaw-Fire Clay coal bed. The inferred paleoecology and vertical stratification of each of these four floral groupings is similar in structure to the "phasic" floral communities found in modern domed peat systems, suggesting that the ancient Hernshaw-Fire Clay peat swamp was a domed deposit. Compositional characteristics (petrographic make up, ash yield and sulfur content) associated with the four groupings are consistent with, and support this interpretation. Where uninterrupted by inorganic partings, the Hernshaw-Fire Clay coal bed commonly contains basal coal layers dominated by Lycospora-bearing arborescent lycopods, with successive increments showing a progression to a more fern- and "herbaceous"-lycopod-dominant flora in younger layers. These observations are corroborated by petrographic analyses, which show the bed to be compositionally straified. Increments dominated by Lycospora have high vitrinite contents, in contrast to increments containing increased percentages of fern- and "herbaceous"-lycopod-affiliated taxa that are enriched in inertinite macerals. The volcanic ash fall, preserved as the flint-clay parting in the Hernshaw-Fire Clay coal bed, had a considerable effect on the development of the ancient Hernshaw-Fire Clay peat swamp. Besides interrupting peat formation, the presence of an inorganic substrate represents a major change in edaphic conditions within the swamp. This disruption is demonstrated by a change in palynoflora and by the establishment and proliferation of some plant groups, notably cordaites and calamites, that may have been better adapted to growth on mineral soils. These palynologic and petrographic relationships, thought to be indicative of a domed peat-swamp origin, are not confined to the Hernshaw-Fire Clay coal bed, but appear to be characteristic of many coal beds in the Appalachian basin, and also of coal beds in other basins. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. W VIRGINIA GEOL & ECON SURVEY,MORGANTOWN,WV. NR 111 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 16 IS 4 BP 255 EP 286 DI 10.1016/0166-5162(90)90054-3 PG 32 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA EW459 UT WOS:A1990EW45900002 ER PT J AU SNOW, WD MENDALL, HL KROHN, WB AF SNOW, WD MENDALL, HL KROHN, WB TI CAPTURING COMMON EIDERS BY NIGHT-LIGHTING IN COASTAL MAINE SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,AUGUSTA,ME 04333. UNIV MAINE,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MAINE COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,ORONO,ME 04469. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 1990 VL 61 IS 1 BP 67 EP 72 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CM923 UT WOS:A1990CM92300010 ER PT J AU BRUGGER, KE DOLBEER, RA AF BRUGGER, KE DOLBEER, RA TI GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN OF RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS RELATIVE TO RICE CULTURE IN SOUTHWESTERN AND SOUTH-CENTRAL LOUISIANA SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,OHIO FIELD STN,SANDUSKY,OH 44870. UNIV FLORIDA,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,DEPT WILDLIFE & RANGE SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 1990 VL 61 IS 1 BP 90 EP 97 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CM923 UT WOS:A1990CM92300015 ER PT J AU HENNY, CJ AF HENNY, CJ TI WINTERING LOCALITIES OF COOPERS-HAWKS NESTING IN NORTHEASTERN OREGON SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article RP HENNY, CJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,480 SW AIRPORT RD,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 1990 VL 61 IS 1 BP 104 EP 107 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CM923 UT WOS:A1990CM92300017 ER PT J AU NEVES, RJ ANGERMEIER, PL AF NEVES, RJ ANGERMEIER, PL TI HABITAT ALTERATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON NATIVE FISHES IN THE UPPER TENNESSEE RIVER SYSTEM, EAST-CENTRAL USA SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article RP NEVES, RJ (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE SCI,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 14 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 37 SU A BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb05019.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EN339 UT WOS:A1990EN33900006 ER PT J AU HAINES, GB TYUS, HM AF HAINES, GB TYUS, HM TI FISH ASSOCIATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES IN AGE-O COLORADO SQUAWFISH HABITATS, GREEN RIVER, UTAH SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Age-0 Colorado squawfish Ptychocheilus lucius were sympatric with seven native and 15 introduced fishes in the Green River, Utah, 1979-88. Larval Colorado squawfish was the most abundant fish captured in summer drift (38%), which included suckers Catostomus spp. (33%), speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus (14%), and Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (3%). However, ephemeral shoreline embayments (backwaters) used by Colorado squawfish as nursery habitats were dominated by introduced fishes, including red shiner Notropis lutrensis (87%) in summer, and red shiner (65%) and fathead minnow Pimephales promelas (16%) in autumn. Abundance of most fishes was highest in years of lower, more historic summer flows. Most fishes in backwaters inhabited a wide range of environmental conditions, but were most abundant in habitats deeper than 15 cm. We detected no segregation in habitat use between young Colorado squawfish and non-native fishes. Hydrologic conditions in the regulated Green River presumably favor the establishment and proliferation of fish invaders from more mesic environments. RP HAINES, GB (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,SUITE 1210,1680 W HWY 40,VERNAL,UT 84078, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 5 IS 4 BP 427 EP 435 DI 10.1080/02705060.1990.9665259 PG 9 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EP495 UT WOS:A1990EP49500006 ER PT J AU CHILTON, EW AF CHILTON, EW TI MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH 3 AQUATIC MACROPHYTES (CERATOPHYLLUM-DEMERSUM, MYRIOPHYLLUM-SPICATUM, AND VALLISNERIA-AMERICANA) IN LAKE ONALASKA, WISCONSIN SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INVERTEBRATE FAUNA; PLANTS AB The standing crop and species diversity of macroinvertebrates associated with wild celery (Vallisneria americana), Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum), and coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum) were examined in Lake Onalaska, Pool 7 of the upper Mississippi River, during summer 1983. Although Ceratophyllum generally supported the largest invertebrate standing crop (number per g plant dry weight), differences in invertebrate abundance among plant species were not consistent across time. However, the distribution of several taxa were significantly affected by plant species. Hyalella azteca (overall the most abundant species) and Enallagma spp. (the most abundant predator) were consistently most numerous in Ceratophyllum samples and least abundant in Vallisneria samples. Generally, invertebrate community composition differed significantly among plant species throughout the summer. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,LA CROSSE,WI 54602. NR 20 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 10 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 5 IS 4 BP 455 EP 466 DI 10.1080/02705060.1990.9665262 PG 12 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EP495 UT WOS:A1990EP49500009 ER PT J AU BLOUIN, MA HALL, GR AF BLOUIN, MA HALL, GR TI IMPROVED METHOD FOR SECTIONING PECTORAL SPINES OF CATFISH FOR AGE-DETERMINATION SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Note AB A modified low-speed saw provided fast and precise sectioning of catfish pectoral spines for use in aging studies. In one hour, 10-15 spines can be sectioned, the sections mounted, and the annuli counted. Two methods commonly used to section ictalurid pectoral spines are (1) acid decalcification, followed by the use of a razor blade or microtome to slice the softened spines, and (2) cutting hard spines with electric saws. Decalcifying methods are time-consuming, and we had difficulty attaining the proper spine consistency for sectioning when we used decalcification techniques. Electric saws with toothed blades tended to obliterate the first-year annulus at the periphery of the central lumen on spines of channel catfish (Scholl 1968). A low speed saw equipped with two, thin parallel diamond blades was used to section fish fin rays and spines (Shepard and Nichy 1984), but drawbacks are that the preparation is time-consuming and the blades tend to warp. We used a low speed saw with a thick (0.3 mm), single blade for slicing the pectoral spines of brown bullheads (Ictalurus nebulosus) with fast, accurate and reproducible results. We also successfully sliced the pectoral spines of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and black bullhead (Ictalurus melas) The advantages of this method are: (1) spine sections are clear, with uniform thickness and little tissue damage; (2) no time-consuming procedures are necessary; (3) the original spine remains intact for future sectioning; and (4) the thick, single blade does not warp. RP BLOUIN, MA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,1451 GREEN RD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 5 IS 4 BP 489 EP 490 DI 10.1080/02705060.1990.9665266 PG 2 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EP495 UT WOS:A1990EP49500012 ER PT J AU DUVAL, JS AF DUVAL, JS TI MODERN AERIAL GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETRY AND REGIONAL POTASSIUM MAP OF THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article RP DUVAL, JS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 39 IS 1-2 BP 249 EP 253 DI 10.1016/0375-6742(90)90076-M PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EX376 UT WOS:A1990EX37600012 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, WH AF CAMPBELL, WH TI DIFFERENCES IN GEOMAGNETIC SQ FIELD REPRESENTATIONS DUE TO VARIATIONS IN SPHERICAL HARMONIC-ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article RP CAMPBELL, WH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1990 VL 95 IS A12 BP 20923 EP 20936 DI 10.1029/JA095iA12p20923 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EM180 UT WOS:A1990EM18000024 ER PT J AU HOLLANDBARTELS, LE AF HOLLANDBARTELS, LE TI PHYSICAL FACTORS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE MUSSEL FAUNA OF A MAIN CHANNEL BORDER HABITAT OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article RP HOLLANDBARTELS, LE (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,75 SPRING ST SW,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. NR 0 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 6 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 9 IS 4 BP 327 EP 335 DI 10.2307/1467900 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM301 UT WOS:A1990EM30100004 ER PT J AU WOOLLEY, A ROSS, M AF WOOLLEY, A ROSS, M TI ALKALINE IGNEOUS ROCKS AND CARBONATITES - INTRODUCTION SO LITHOS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP WOOLLEY, A (reprint author), NATL HIST MUSEUM,DEPT MINERAL,CROMWELL RD,LONDON SW7 5BD,ENGLAND. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD DEC PY 1990 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/0024-4937(90)90036-Z PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA EU265 UT WOS:A1990EU26500001 ER PT J AU DREW, LJ QINGRUN, M WEIJUN, S AF DREW, LJ QINGRUN, M WEIJUN, S TI THE BAYAN OBO IRON RARE-EARTH NIOBIUM DEPOSITS, INNER-MONGOLIA, CHINA SO LITHOS LA English DT Article AB The plate tectonic setting, regional geology and certain aspects of the economic geology of the iron-rare-earth-niobium ore bodies at Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China, were studied by a team of geologists from the Tianjin Geologic Research Academy and the U.S. Geological Survey between 1987 and 1989. These ore bodies were formed by hydrothermal replacement of Middle Proterozoic dolomite in an intracontinental rift setting. A variety of veins and/or dikes that have a carbonatitelike mineralogy cut the footwall clastic rocks and migmatites. A stockwork of veins occurs at several locations in the footwall. The hanging wall is a shale that has been converted to a K-metasomatite and has microcrystalline potassium feldspar as its principal constituent. This shale served as a sealing caprock that contained the chemical solutions that reacted with the dolomite and created the enormous concentration of mineralized rock in an 18-kilometer-long syncline. The rocks that host these ore bodies and the associated mineralized areas occur today as roof pendants in granitoid rocks of Permian age that were emplaced during a continent-to-continent collision during that period. C1 TIANJIN GEOL RES ACAD,TIANJIN,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP DREW, LJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 18 TC 68 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD DEC PY 1990 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 65 DI 10.1016/0024-4937(90)90040-8 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA EU265 UT WOS:A1990EU26500005 ER PT J AU FLOHR, MJK ROSS, M AF FLOHR, MJK ROSS, M TI ALKALINE IGNEOUS ROCKS OF MAGNET COVE, ARKANSAS - MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF SYENITES SO LITHOS LA English DT Article ID NEPHELINE SYENITES; SOUTH GREENLAND; COMPLEX; PHENOCRYSTS; STABILITY; MONTANA; MALAWI; FLUID AB Syenites from the Magnet Cove alkaline igneous complex form a diverse mineralogical and geochemical suite. Compositional zoning in primary and late-stage minerals indicates complex, multi-stage crystallization and replacement histories. Residual magmatic fluids, rich in F, Cl, CO2 and H2O, reacted with primary minerals to form complex intergrowths of minerals such as rinkite, fluorite, V-bearing magnetite, F-bearing garnet and aegirine. Abundant sodalite and natrolite formed in pegmatitic segregations within nepheline syenite where Cl- and Na-rich fluids were trapped. During autometasomatism compatible elements such as Mn, Ti, V and Zr were redistributed on a local scale and concentrated in late-stage minerals. Early crystallization of apatite and perovskite controlled the compatible behavior of P and Ti, respectively. The formation of melanite garnet also affected the behaviour of Ti, as well as Zr, Hf and the heavy rare-earth elements. Pseudoleucite syenite and garnet-nepheline syenite differentiated along separate trends, but the two groups are related to the same parental magma by early fractionation of leucite, the presumed precursor of intergrowths of K-feldspar and nepheline. The Diamond Jo nepheline syenite group defines a different differentiation trend. Sphene-nepheline syenite, alkali syenite and several miscellaneous nepheline syenites do not consistently plot with the other syenite groups or each other on element and oxide variation diagrams, indicating that they were derived from still other parental syenite magmas. Mineral assemblages indicate that relatively high f(O2), at or above the fayalite-magnetite-quartz buffer, prevailed throughout the crystallization history of the syenites. RP FLOHR, MJK (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 959,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 52 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD DEC PY 1990 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 98 DI 10.1016/0024-4937(90)90041-X PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA EU265 UT WOS:A1990EU26500006 ER PT J AU MCLEMORE, VT MODRESKI, PJ AF MCLEMORE, VT MODRESKI, PJ TI MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF ALTERED ROCKS ASSOCIATED WITH LEMITAR CARBONATITES, CENTRAL NEW-MEXICO, USA SO LITHOS LA English DT Article ID FENITIZATION; COMPLEX; NORWAY; FEN; NOMENCLATURE; COLORADO; ONTARIO; FENITES AB The intrusion of more than 100 Cambrian-Ordovician carbonatite dikes caused minor alteration of Proterozoic granitic and mafic rocks in the Lemitar Mountains, although hematization, carbonatization and fenitization caused extensive alteration locally. Ampibolites within 15-20 m of the carbonatite dike contacts were highly altered by carbonatization. Locally the Lemitar diorite/gabbro adjacent to some carbonatites were altered in a thin, discontinuous zone by sodic-potassic fenitization. The granite at Polvadera Peak was locally altered by potassic fenitization. Most of the altered rocks have been further altered by hematization and carbonatization. The altered rocks show increases in loss on ignition and in one or more of the elements Ca, K, Na and Al. Only granitic fenites in the Lemitar Mountains lost silica and some diorite/gabbro fenites gained silica. Petrologic and geochemical studies clearly indicate that the types and degree of alteration differ notably in different rock types. The fenitizing fluids were oxidizing, slightly acidic, high in volatiles (especially CO2) and possibly fairly low in alkali elements. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP MCLEMORE, VT (reprint author), NEW MEXICO BUR MINES & MINERAL RESOURCES,SOCORRO,NM 87801, USA. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD DEC PY 1990 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 113 DI 10.1016/0024-4937(90)90042-Y PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA EU265 UT WOS:A1990EU26500007 ER PT J AU MALDONADO, A NELSON, CH AF MALDONADO, A NELSON, CH TI THE EBRO MARGIN STUDY, NORTHWESTERN MEDITERRANEAN-SEA - AN INTRODUCTION SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Ebro continental margin from the coast to the deep sea off northeastern Spain was selected for a multidisciplinary project because of the abundant Ebro River sediment supply, Pliocene and Quaternary progradation, and margin development in a restricted basin where a variety of controlling factors could be evaluated. The nature of this young passive margin for the last 5 m.y. was investigated with particular emphasis on marine circulation, sediment dynamics, sediment geochemistry, depositional facies, seismic stratigraphy, geotechnical properties, geological hazards and human influences. These studies show the importance of marine circulation, variation in sediment supply, sea-level oscillation and tectonic setting for the understanding of modern and ancient margin depositional processes and growth patterns. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP MALDONADO, A (reprint author), CSIC,INST CIENCIAS MAR,PASEO NACL S-N,E-08039 BARCELONA,SPAIN. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 95 IS 3-4 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(90)90113-X PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA EP814 UT WOS:A1990EP81400002 ER PT J AU CACCHIONE, DA DRAKE, DE LOSADA, MA MEDINA, R AF CACCHIONE, DA DRAKE, DE LOSADA, MA MEDINA, R TI BOTTOM-BOUNDARY-LAYER MEASUREMENTS ON THE CONTINENTAL-SHELF OFF THE EBRO RIVER, SPAIN SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENTS AB Measurements of currents, waves and light transmission obtained with an instrumented bottom tripod (GEOPROBE) were used in conjunction with a theoretical bottom-boundary-layer model for waves and currents to investigate sediment transport on the continental shelf south of the Ebro River Delta, Spain. The current data show that over a 48-day period during the fall of 1984, the average transport at 1 m above the seabed was alongshelf and slightly offshore toward the south-southwest at about 2 cm/s. A weak storm passed through the region during this period and caused elevated wave and current speeds near the bed. The bottom-boundary-layer model predicted correspondingly higher combined wave and current bottom shear velocities at this time, but the GEOPROBE optical data indicate that little to no resuspension occurred. This result suggests that the fine-grained bottom sediment, which has a clay component of 80%, behaves cohesively and is more difficult to resuspend that noncohesive materials of similar size. Model computations also indicate that noncohesive very fine sand in shallow water (20m deep) was resuspended and transported mainly as bedload during this storm. Fine-grained materials in shallow water that are resuspended and transported as suspended load into deeper water probably account for the slight increase in sediment concentration at the GEOPROBE sensors during the waning stages of the storm. The bottom-boundary-layer data suggest that the belt of fine-grained bottom sediment that extends along the shelf toward the southwest is deposited during prolonged periods of low energy and southwestward bottom flow. This pattern is augmented by enhanced resuspension and transport toward the southwest during storms. C1 UNIV CANTABRIA,ESCUELA TECH SUPER INGN CAMINOS,E-39005 SANTANDER,SPAIN. RP CACCHIONE, DA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS-999,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Medina, Raul/L-2456-2014; Losada, Miguel/G-9713-2015 OI Medina, Raul/0000-0002-0126-2710; Losada, Miguel/0000-0002-2071-3134 NR 21 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 95 IS 3-4 BP 179 EP 192 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(90)90115-Z PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA EP814 UT WOS:A1990EP81400004 ER PT J AU PALANQUES, A DRAKE, DE AF PALANQUES, A DRAKE, DE TI DISTRIBUTION AND DISPERSAL OF SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER ON THE EBRO CONTINENTAL-SHELF, NORTHWESTERN MEDITERRANEAN-SEA SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT; DYNAMICS AB Hydrographic data, water and bottom-sediment samples, and a GEOPROBE tripod experiment were used to examine the distribution and dynamics of suspended particulate matter on the Ebro shelf in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. In the absence of strong winds and storms, primary sediment supply from the Ebro River is dispersed along the shelf by a general southward flow. In such calm conditions, suspended-matter concentrations on the shelf are lower than 3 mg/l and transfer of material from the shelf to the slope takes place principally over the shelf edge north of the Columbretes Islands. Very fine sediment deposited in a mid-shelf mud belt (30-80 m deep) is cohesive and resistant to erosion. Only relatively rare, strong storms are able to resuspend particles from the deeper, central region of this cohesive deposit. When resuspension takes place, suspended-particulate-matter concentration increases and the general dispersal pattern of suspended matter is altered. Near the seafloor, distribution of suspended matter is greatly influenced by the distribution of the mid-shelf muds from which particles are resuspended. Resuspension occurs more intensively and frequently along the shallower (20-40 m) edge of the cohesive deposit and near the delta. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP PALANQUES, A (reprint author), INST CIENCIAS MAR,PASEO NACL S-N,E-08039 BARCELONA,SPAIN. RI Palanques, Albert/C-2661-2013 NR 40 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 95 IS 3-4 BP 193 EP 206 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(90)90116-2 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA EP814 UT WOS:A1990EP81400005 ER PT J AU GARDNER, JV DEAN, WE ALONSO, B AF GARDNER, JV DEAN, WE ALONSO, B TI INORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SURFACE SEDIMENTS OF THE EBRO SHELF AND SLOPE, NORTHWESTERN MEDITERRANEAN SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA AB Distributions of major, minor, and trace elements in surface sediment of the continental shelf and upper slope of the northeastern Spanish continental margin reflect the influences of discharge from the Ebro River and changes in eustatic sea levels. Multivariate factor analysis of sediment geochemistry was used to identify five groupings of samples (factors) on the shelf and slope. The first factor is an aluminosilicate factor that represents detrital clastic material. The second factor is a highly variable amount of excess SiO2 and probably represents a quartz residuum originating from winnowing of relict detrital sediments. A carbonate factor (Factor 3) has no positive correlation with other geochemical parameters but is associated with the sand-size fraction. The carbonate in these sediments consists of a mixture of biogenic calcite and angular to subangular detrital grains. Organic carbon is associated with the aluminosilicate factor (Factor 1) but also factors out by itself (Factor 4); this suggests that there may be two sources of organic matter, terrestrial and marine. The fifth factor comprises upper slope sediments that contain high concentrations of manganese. The most likely explanation for these high manganese concentrations is precipitation of Mn oxyhydroxides at the interface between Mn-rich, oxygen-deficient, intermediate waters and oxygenated surface waters. During eustatic low sea levels of the glacial Pleistocene, the Ebro Delta built across the outer continental shelf and deposited sediment with fairly high contents of organic carbon and continental components. The period of marine transgression from eustatic low (glacial) to eustatic high (interglacial) sea levels was characterized by erosion of the outer shelf delta and surficial shelf sediments and the transport of sediment across the slope within numerous canyons. Once eustatic high sea level was reached, delta progradation resumed on the inner shelf. Today, coarse-grained sediment (silt and sand) is transported to the continental shelf by Ebro River and is distributed along the inner shelf by currents generated by dominant northeasterly winds. Clay-size material is deposited on the mid-and outer-shelf. However, erosion and delta progradation during the last glacial period, and fine-grained Holocene sedimentation, have probably produced a distribution of sediment on a diachronous surface. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. CSIC,INST CIENCIAS MAR,E-08003 BARCELONA,SPAIN. RP GARDNER, JV (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Alonso, Belen/A-5531-2015 NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 95 IS 3-4 BP 225 EP 245 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(90)90118-4 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA EP814 UT WOS:A1990EP81400007 ER PT J AU ALONSO, B FIELD, ME GARDNER, JV MALDONADO, A AF ALONSO, B FIELD, ME GARDNER, JV MALDONADO, A TI SEDIMENTARY EVOLUTION OF THE PLIOCENE AND PLEISTOCENE EBRO MARGIN, NORTHEASTERN SPAIN SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA; FAN; MORPHOLOGY; DEPOSITION AB The Pliocene and Pleistocene deposits of the Spanish Ebro margin overlie a regional unconformity and contain a major disconformity. These unconformities, named Reflector M and Reflector G, mark the bases of two seismic sequences. Except for close to the upper boundary where a few small channel deposits are recognized, the lower sequence lacks channels. The upper sequence contains nine channel-levee complexes as well as base-of-slope aprons that represent the proximal part of the Valencia turbidite system. Diverse geometries and variations in seismic units distinguish shelf, slope, base-of-slope and basin-floor facies. Four events characterize the late Miocene to Pleistocene evolution of the Ebro margin: (a) formation of a paleodrainage system and an extensive erosion-to-depositional surface during the latest Miocene (Messinian), (b) deposition of hemipelagic units during the early Pliocene, (c) development of canyons during the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene, and (d) deposition of slope wedges, channel-levee complexes, and base-of-slope aprons alternating with hemipelagic deposition during the Pleistocene. Sea-level fluctuations influenced the evolution of the sedimentary sequences of the Ebro margin, but the major control was the sediment supply from the Ebro River. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP ALONSO, B (reprint author), CSIC,INST CIENCIAS MAR,PASEO NACL S-N,E-08039 BARCELONA,SPAIN. RI Alonso, Belen/A-5531-2015 NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 95 IS 3-4 BP 313 EP 331 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(90)90122-Z PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA EP814 UT WOS:A1990EP81400011 ER PT J AU DIAZ, JI NELSON, CH BARBER, JH GIRO, S AF DIAZ, JI NELSON, CH BARBER, JH GIRO, S TI LATE PLEISTOCENE AND HOLOCENE SEDIMENTARY FACIES ON THE EBRO CONTINENTAL-SHELF SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INNER SHELF; SEA; QUATERNARY; EVOLUTION AB Late Pleistocene-Holocene history of the Ebro continental shelf of northeastern Spain is recorded in two main sedimentary units: (1) a lower, transgressive unit that covers the shelf and is exposed on the outer shelf south of 40-degrees-40'N, and (2) an upper, progradational, prodeltaic unit that borders the Ebro Delta and extends southward along the inner shelf. The lower transgressive unit includes a large linear shoal found at a water depth of 90 m and hardground mounds at water depths of 70-80 m. Some patches of earlier Pleistocene prodelta mud remain also, exposed or covered by a thin veneer of transgressive sand on the northern outer shelf. This relict sand sheet is 2-3 m thick and contains 9000-12,500 yr old oyster and other shells at water depths of 78-88 m. The upper prodelta unit covers most of the inner shelf from water depths of 20-80 m and extends from the present Ebro River Delta to an area to the southwest where the unit progressively thins and narrows. Interpretation of high-resolution seismic reflection data shows the following facies occurring progressively offshore: (1) a thick stratified facies with thin progradational "foresets beds", (2) a faintly laminated facies with sparse reflectors of low continuity, and (3) a thin transparent bottomset facies underlain by a prominent flat-lying reflector. Deposition in the northern half of the prodelta began as soon as the shoreline transgressed over the mid-shelf, but progradation of the southern half did not begin until about 1000-3000 yrs after the transgression. A classic deltaic progradational sequence is shown in the Ebro prodelta mud by (1) gradation of seismic facies away from the delta, (2) coarsening-upward sequences near the delta and fining-upward sequences in the distal mud belt deposits, and (3) thin storm-sand layers and shell lags in the nearshore stratified facies. The boundaries of the prodeltaic unit are controlled by increased current speeds on the outer shelf (where the shelf narrows) and by development of the shoreface sand body resulting from shoaling waves on the inner shelf. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP DIAZ, JI (reprint author), CSIC,INST CIENCIAS MAR,PASEO NACL S-N,E-08039 BARCELONA,SPAIN. NR 50 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 95 IS 3-4 BP 333 EP 352 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(90)90123-2 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA EP814 UT WOS:A1990EP81400012 ER PT J AU BARAZA, J LEE, HJ KAYEN, RE HAMPTON, MA AF BARAZA, J LEE, HJ KAYEN, RE HAMPTON, MA TI GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SLOPE STABILITY ON THE EBRO MARGIN, WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; SEA; MORPHOLOGY; WAVES; SHELF AB Sedimentological and geotechnical analyses of core samples from the Ebro continental slope define two distinct areas on the basis of sediment type, physical properties and geotechnical behavior. The first area is the upper slope area (water depths of 200-500 m), which consists of upper Pleistocene prodeltaic silty clay with a low water content (34% dry weight average), low plasticity, and high overconsolidation near the seafloor. The second area, the middle and lower slope (water depths greater than 500 m), contains clay- and silt-size hemipelagic deposits with a high water content (90% average), high plasticity, and a low to moderate degree of overconsolidation near the sediment surface. Results from geotechnical tests show that the upper slope has a relatively high degree of stability under relatively rapid (undrained) static loading conditions, compared with the middle and lower slopes, which have a higher degree of stability under long-term (drained) static loading conditions. Under cyclic loading, which occurs during earthquakes, the upper slope has a higher degree of stability than the middle and lower slopes. For the surface of the seafloor, calculated critical earthquake accelerations that can trigger slope failures range from 0.73 g on the upper slope to 0.23 g on the lower slope. Sediment buried well below the seafloor may have a critical acceleration as low as 0.09 g on the upper slope and 0.17 g on the lower slope. Seismically induced instability of most of the Ebro slope seems unlikely given that an earthquake shaking of at least intensity VI would be needed, and such strong intensities have never been recorded in the last 70 years. Other cyclic loading events, such as storms or internal waves, do not appear to be direct causes of instability at present. Infrequent, particularly strong earthquakes could cause landslides on the Ebro margin slope. The Columbretes slide on the southwestern Ebro margin may have been caused by intense earthquake shaking associated with volcanic emplacement of the Columbretes Islands. Localized sediment slides on steep canyon and levee slopes could have been caused by less intense shaking. In general, the slope is stable under present environmental loading conditions and is fundamentally constructional. Nevertheless, rapid progradation caused by high sedimentation rates and other processes acting during low sea-level periods, such as more intense wave loading near the shelfbreak, may have caused major instability in the past. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP BARAZA, J (reprint author), CSIC,INST CIENCIAS MAR,PAVEO NACL S-N,E-08039 BARCELONA,SPAIN. NR 44 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 95 IS 3-4 BP 379 EP 393 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(90)90125-4 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA EP814 UT WOS:A1990EP81400014 ER PT J AU NELSON, CH AF NELSON, CH TI ESTIMATED POST-MESSINIAN SEDIMENT SUPPLY AND SEDIMENTATION-RATES ON THE EBRO CONTINENTAL-MARGIN, SPAIN SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIOCENE-PLIOCENE BOUNDARY; PLEISTOCENE BOUNDARY; SEA; AGE; MORPHOLOGY; DEPOSITION; DEPTH; SHELF; TIME AB Because of the extensive data base of seismic profiles, radiometric ages, and stratigraphic time markers such as the subaerial Messinian surface, sedimentation rates and Ebro River sediment discharge can be estimated for different periods and environments of the Ebro contnental margin. New values for sediment discharge (i.e., 6.2 versus previous estimates of 2-3.5 million t/yr) for the Holocene highstand are more reliable but remain minimum estimates because a small proportion of Ebro sediment advected to the Balearic Rise and Abyssal Plain cannot be accounted for, especially during lowstands. The general highstand conditions of the Pliocene, which were similar to those of the Holocene, resulted in a low discharge of Ebro River sediment (ca. 6.5 million t/yr) and an even thickness of sediment across the margin that deposited at rates of about 24-40 cm/ky. In contrast, sediment supply increased two-three times during the Pleistocene, the margin prograded rapidly and deposition occurred at rates of 101-165 cm/ky on the outer shelf and slope, but basin floor rates remained anomalously low (21-26 cm/ky) because sediment was drained and broadly dispersed eastward in Valencia Trough. During the late Pleistocene rise of sea level, the main depocenters progressively shifted shoreward and sedimentation rates greatly decreased from 175 cm/ky on the upper slope during the early transgression to 106 cm/ky on the outer shelf and then to 63 cm/ky on the mid-shelf during the late transgression as the river sediment discharge dropped to half by Holocene time. Maximal sedimentation rates occurred in active depocenters of sediment dispersal such as the Holocene delta (370 cm/ky) or the youngest Pleistocene Oropesa channel-levee complex (705 cm/ky) where deposition rates increased by an order of magnitude or more compared to average Ebro shelf (38 cm/ky) or base-of-slope rates in the Pleistocene (21 cm/ky). The sedimentation rates verify the importance of sea-level control on the progressive change in location of depocenters and amount of sediment supply, but Pleistocene climatic change and deforestation alone can be observed to double river sediment discharge. The latter observation helps explain the anomalously high deposition rates in Pleistocene turbidite systems compared with older systems that may be controlled more by tectonic and sea-level changes alone. During the past 2000 years, in contrast, man has controlled deposition in the Ebro margin system, first by deforestation that more than doubled river sediment discharge and shelf deposition rates to equal those of Pleistocene time; and second by dam construction that reduced sediment discharge to less than 5% of the normal Holocene discharge. Similar recent discharge reductions from the Nile and Rhone Rivers suggest that loss of the majority of the river sediment supply in the Mediterranean Sea may result in significant erosion of biologically and agriculturally important lobate delta areas. RP NELSON, CH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MAIL STOP 999,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 77 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 95 IS 3-4 BP 395 EP 418 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(90)90126-5 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA EP814 UT WOS:A1990EP81400015 ER PT J AU NELSON, CH MALDONADO, A AF NELSON, CH MALDONADO, A TI FACTORS CONTROLLING LATE CENOZOIC CONTINENTAL-MARGIN GROWTH FROM THE EBRO DELTA TO THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN DEEP-SEA SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LARGE SUBMARINE CANYONS; BERING-SEA; FAN; SEDIMENT; DEPOSITION; MIOCENE; SYSTEMS; HISTORY; SHELF; TIME AB The Ebro continental margin sedimentation system originated with a Messinian fluvial system. This system eroded both a major subaerial canyon cutting the margin southeastward from the present Ebro Delta and an axial valley that drained northeastward down Valencia Trough. Post-Messinian submergence of this topography and the Pliocene regime of high sea levels resulted in a marine hemipelagic drape over the margin. Late Pliocene to Pleistocene glacial climatic cycles, drainage-basin deforestation, and sea-level lowstands combined to increase sediment supply, cause the margin to prograde, and create a regime of lowstand sediment-gravity flows in the deeper margin. The depositional patterns of regressive, transgressive and highstand sea-level regimes suggest that location of the sediment source near the present Ebro Delta throughout the late Cenozoic, southward current advection of sediment, and greater subsidence in the southern margin combined to cause generally asymmetric progradation of the margin to the southeast. Thicker, less stable deposits filling the Messinian subaerial canyon underwent multiple retrograde failures, eroded wide gullied canyons and formed unchanneled base-of-slope sediment aprons in the central margin area; other margin areas to the north and south developed a series of channel-levee complexes. On the basin floor, the formation of Valencia Valley over the Messinian subaerial valley and earlier faults led to draining of about 20% of the Ebro Pleistocene sediment from channel-levee complexes through the valley to prograde Valencia Fan as much as 500 km northeast of the margin. Thus, the Ebro margin has two growth directions, mainly southeastward during higher sea levels, and eastward to northeastward during lower sea levels. The northeastward draining of turbidity currents has produced unusually thin and widely dispersed turbidite systems compared to those on ponded basin floors. During the past few centuries, man's impact has exceeded natural controls on Ebro margin growth. Deforestation of the drainage basin more than doubled the normal Holocene sediment supply, and construction of dams then reduced the supply by 95%. This reduction of the past 50 years has caused erosion of the delta and contamination of bottom sediment because normal Holocene sediment discharge is not available to prograde the delta or help dilute pollutants. C1 INST CIENCIAS MAR,E-08039 BARCELONA,SPAIN. RP NELSON, CH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 76 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 95 IS 3-4 BP 419 EP 440 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(90)90127-6 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA EP814 UT WOS:A1990EP81400016 ER PT J AU NELSON, CH MALDONADO, A AF NELSON, CH MALDONADO, A TI THE EBRO CONTINENTAL-MARGIN, NORTHWESTERN MEDITERRANEAN-SEA - PREFACE SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CSIC,INST CIENCIAS MAR,E-08039 BARCELENA,SPAIN. RP NELSON, CH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MAIL STOP 999,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 95 IS 3-4 BP R3 EP R3 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(90)90112-W PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA EP814 UT WOS:A1990EP81400001 ER PT J AU BOHOR, BF SEITZ, R AF BOHOR, BF SEITZ, R TI THE K/T IMPACT - A CUBAN CONNECTION SO METEORITICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. HARVARD UNIV, DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORITICS JI Meteoritics PD DEC PY 1990 VL 25 IS 4 BP 350 EP 351 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EU263 UT WOS:A1990EU26300026 ER PT J AU BOHOR, BF BETTERTON, WJ FOORD, EE AF BOHOR, BF BETTERTON, WJ FOORD, EE TI SHOCKED ZIRCON AND CHROMITE IN K/T BOUNDARY CLAYSTONES SO METEORITICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORITICS JI Meteoritics PD DEC PY 1990 VL 25 IS 4 BP 350 EP 350 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EU263 UT WOS:A1990EU26300025 ER PT J AU DALRYMPLE, GB RYDER, G AF DALRYMPLE, GB RYDER, G TI AGES OF APOLLO-15 IMPACT MELTS AND LUNAR BOMBARDMENT SO METEORITICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. LUNAR & PLANETARY INST,HOUSTON,TX 77058. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORITICS JI Meteoritics PD DEC PY 1990 VL 25 IS 4 BP 355 EP 356 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EU263 UT WOS:A1990EU26300039 ER PT J AU SHOEMAKER, EM SHOEMAKER, CS NISHIIZUMI, K KOHL, CP ARNOLD, JR KLEIN, J FINK, D MIDDLETON, R KUBIK, PW SHARMA, P AF SHOEMAKER, EM SHOEMAKER, CS NISHIIZUMI, K KOHL, CP ARNOLD, JR KLEIN, J FINK, D MIDDLETON, R KUBIK, PW SHARMA, P TI AGES OF AUSTRALIAN METEORITE CRATERS - A PRELIMINARY-REPORT SO METEORITICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT CHEM,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV PENN,DEPT PHYS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV ROCHESTER,NUCL STRUCT RES LAB,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. RI fink, David/A-9518-2012 NR 4 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORITICS JI Meteoritics PD DEC PY 1990 VL 25 IS 4 BP 409 EP 409 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EU263 UT WOS:A1990EU26300170 ER PT J AU VOURVOPOULOS, G BRAHANA, JV NOLTE, E KORSCHINEK, G PRILLER, A DOCKHORN, B AF VOURVOPOULOS, G BRAHANA, JV NOLTE, E KORSCHINEK, G PRILLER, A DOCKHORN, B TI CL-36 MEASUREMENTS AND THE HYDROLOGY OF AN ACID INJECTION SITE SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY ( AMS-5 ) CY APR 23-27, 1990 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP CNRS, CEA, INST NATL PHYS NUCL & PHYS PARTICLES, HIGH VOLTAGE ENGN EUROPA, ELECTROSTAT INT, ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY, ALCATEL AB In an area in western Tennessee (United States), an industrial firm is injecting acidic (pH = 0.1) iron chloride into permeable zones of carbonate rocks at depths ranging from 1 000 to 2 200 m below land surface. Overlying the injection zone at a depth of approximately 500 m below land surface is a regional fresh-water aquifer, the Knox aquifer. A study is currently underway to investigate whether the injection wells are hydraulically isolated from the fresh-water aquifer. Drilling of a test well that will reach a total depth of 2 700 m has been initiated. The Cl-36 content of 15 samples from the Knox aquifer, from monitor wells in the vicinity of the injection site, and from the test well have been analyzed. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NASHVILLE,TN 37203. UNIV MUNICH,FAC PHYS,W-8046 GARCHING,GERMANY. RP VOURVOPOULOS, G (reprint author), WESTERN KENTUCKY UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,BOWLING GREEN,KY 42101, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 1990 VL 52 IS 3-4 BP 451 EP 454 DI 10.1016/0168-583X(90)90456-5 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA EV368 UT WOS:A1990EV36800049 ER PT J AU KREMENTZ, DG BARKER, RJ LINK, WA HINES, JE CORR, PO OWEN, RB AF KREMENTZ, DG BARKER, RJ LINK, WA HINES, JE CORR, PO OWEN, RB TI BODY-MASS AND ANNUAL SURVIVAL IN AMERICAN BLACK DUCKS - REPLY SO ORNIS SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Note C1 UNIV FLORIDA,FLORIDA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. MAINE DEPT INLAND FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,BANGOR,ME 04401. UNIV MAINE,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ORONO,ME 04469. RP KREMENTZ, DG (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-5693 J9 ORNIS SCAND PD DEC PY 1990 VL 21 IS 4 BP 301 EP 304 DI 10.2307/3676398 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EQ096 UT WOS:A1990EQ09600012 ER PT J AU LIGHT, DL AF LIGHT, DL TI CHARACTERISTICS OF REMOTE SENSORS FOR MAPPING AND EARTH-SCIENCE APPLICATIONS SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article RP LIGHT, DL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,511 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 56 IS 12 BP 1613 EP 1623 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EK626 UT WOS:A1990EK62600001 ER PT J AU TYUS, HM KARP, CA AF TYUS, HM KARP, CA TI SPAWNING AND MOVEMENTS OF RAZORBACK SUCKER, XYRAUCHEN-TEXANUS, IN THE GREEN RIVER BASIN OF COLORADO AND UTAH SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Spawing and movements of the razorback sucker, Xyrauchen texanus, were evaluated by radiotelemetry (n = 17 fish) and capture of 230 adults (105 recaptures) in the Green and Yampa rivers, 1987 to 1989. Ripe fish (n = 194) were captured in riffles with cobble, gravel, and sand substrates from mid-April to early June. Recaptured males were ripe from 2 to 28 days and recaptured females from 2 to 15 days. Razorback suckers spawned during ascending and highest spring flows at water temperatures of about 14-degrees-C (range of 9 to 17-degrees-C). Spawning migrations of 30 to 106 km were detected in 17 razorback suckers, but movements were more limited or undetected in other individuals. Flooded lowlands and lower portions of tributary streams presumably served as resting-feeding areas for razorback suckers during the breeding season. Native flannelmouth suckers (Catostomus latipinnis), bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus), and putative flannelmouth x razorback sucker hybrids in breeding condition were collected with ripe razorback suckers. Razorback sucker is in peril due to a paucity of spawning adults, hybridization with other suckers, little or no recruitment, and habitat loss. RP TYUS, HM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,1680 W HIGHWAY 40 1210,VERNAL,UT 84078, USA. NR 0 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 35 IS 4 BP 427 EP 433 DI 10.2307/3672041 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EU039 UT WOS:A1990EU03900008 ER PT J AU LAMB, BL TAYLOR, JG AF LAMB, BL TAYLOR, JG TI NEGOTIATION TECHNIQUES TO RESOLVE WESTERN WATER DISPUTES SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE NEGOTIATION; WATER RIGHTS; CONFLICT RESOLUTION; INSTREAM FLOW AB There is a growing literature on the resolution of natural resources conflicts. Much of it is practical, focusing on guidelines for hands-on negotiation. This literature can be a guide in water conflicts. This is especially true for negotiations over new environmental values such as instream flow. The concepts of competitive, cooperative, and integrative styles of conflict resolution are applied to three cases of water resource bargaining. Lessons for the effective use of these ideas include: break a large number of parties into small working groups, approach value differences in small steps, be cautious in the presence of an attentive public, keep decisions at the local level, and understand the opponent's interests. RP LAMB, BL (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,4512 MCMURRAY DR,FT COLLINS,CO 80525, USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 26 IS 6 BP 967 EP 975 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA FF198 UT WOS:A1990FF19800011 ER PT J AU LANFEAR, KJ AF LANFEAR, KJ TI A FAST ALGORITHM FOR AUTOMATICALLY COMPUTING STRAHLER STREAM ORDER SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM; STRAHLER STREAM ORDER; STREAM TOPOLOGY AB An efficient algorithm was developed to determine Strahler stream order for segments of stream networks represented in a Geographic Information System (GIS). The algorithm correctly assigns Strahler stream order in topologically complex situations such as braided streams and multiple drainage outlets. Execution time varies nearly linearly with the number of stream segments in the network. This technique is expected to be particularly useful for studying the topology of dense stream networks derived from digital elevation model data. RP LANFEAR, KJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WRD,12201 SUNRISE VALLEY DR,MS 407,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 26 IS 6 BP 977 EP 981 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA FF198 UT WOS:A1990FF19800012 ER PT J AU MCKNIGHT, DM BENCALA, KE AF MCKNIGHT, DM BENCALA, KE TI THE CHEMISTRY OF IRON, ALUMINUM, AND DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATERIAL IN 3 ACIDIC, METAL-ENRICHED, MOUNTAIN STREAMS, AS CONTROLLED BY WATERSHED AND IN-STREAM PROCESSES SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CHAPMAN CONF ON HYDROGEOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF FORESTED CATCHMENTS CY SEP 18-21, 1989 CL BAR HARBOR, ME SP AMER GEOPHYS UNION C1 US GEOL SURVEY,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. RP MCKNIGHT, DM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. RI Bencala, Kenneth/A-6650-2010; OI MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 NR 40 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 26 IS 12 BP 3087 EP 3100 DI 10.1029/WR026i012p03087 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EM376 UT WOS:A1990EM37600026 ER PT J AU WILCOX, DA AF WILCOX, DA TI AUTHORS BEWARE - AVOID DUAL PUBLICATION SO WETLANDS LA English DT Editorial Material RP WILCOX, DA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,1451 GREEN RD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 1990 VL 10 IS 2 BP 125 EP 126 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EQ611 UT WOS:A1990EQ61100001 ER PT J AU STANCILL, WJ LESLIE, DM AF STANCILL, WJ LESLIE, DM TI EVALUATION OF WATERFOWL SURVEY TECHNIQUES ON AN OKLAHOMA RESERVOIR SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article RP STANCILL, WJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WILDLIFE ASSISTANCE OFF,B-23 FED BLDG,720 ST GERMAIN,ST CLOUD,MN 56301, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1990 VL 18 IS 4 BP 370 EP 377 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN916 UT WOS:A1990EN91600001 ER PT J AU KLUGMAN, SS FULLER, MR AF KLUGMAN, SS FULLER, MR TI EFFECTS OF IMPLANTED TRANSMITTERS ON CAPTIVE FLORIDA SANDHILL CRANES SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article RP KLUGMAN, SS (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1990 VL 18 IS 4 BP 394 EP 399 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN916 UT WOS:A1990EN91600005 ER PT J AU SEGALL, P LISOWSKI, M AF SEGALL, P LISOWSKI, M TI SURFACE DISPLACEMENTS IN THE 1906 SAN-FRANCISCO AND 1989 LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKES SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP SEGALL, P (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOPHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 24 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 30 PY 1990 VL 250 IS 4985 BP 1241 EP 1244 DI 10.1126/science.250.4985.1241 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EK723 UT WOS:A1990EK72300032 PM 17829210 ER PT J AU ABIDI, SL HA, SC ROSEN, RT AF ABIDI, SL HA, SC ROSEN, RT TI LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY THERMOSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRIC STUDY OF N-ACYLAMINO DILACTONES AND 4-BUTYROLACTONES DERIVED FROM ANTIMYCIN-A SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERY RES CTR,LA CROSSE,WI 54602. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,CTR ADV FOOD TECHNOL,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD NOV 28 PY 1990 VL 522 BP 179 EP 194 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(90)85188-2 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EN441 UT WOS:A1990EN44100016 ER PT J AU ELSHEIMER, HN FRIES, TL AF ELSHEIMER, HN FRIES, TL TI DETERMINATION OF TOTAL TIN IN SILICATE ROCKS BY GRAPHITE-FURNACE ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Note RP ELSHEIMER, HN (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD NOV 23 PY 1990 VL 239 IS 1 BP 145 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)83845-3 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EM097 UT WOS:A1990EM09700019 ER PT J AU KRONENBERG, AK KIRBY, SH PINKSTON, J AF KRONENBERG, AK KIRBY, SH PINKSTON, J TI BASAL SLIP AND MECHANICAL ANISOTROPY OF BIOTITE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,OFF EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOES & ENGN,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP KRONENBERG, AK (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,CTR TECTONOPHYS,DEPT GEOPHYS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 74 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 19257 EP 19278 DI 10.1029/JB095iB12p19257 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900007 ER PT J AU MUFFLER, LJP AF MUFFLER, LJP TI INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL SECTION ON THE GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND TECTONIC SETTING OF THE CASCADE RANGE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article RP MUFFLER, LJP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 19407 EP 19408 DI 10.1029/JB095iB12p19407 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900016 ER PT J AU WELLS, RE AF WELLS, RE TI PALEOMAGNETIC ROTATIONS AND THE CENOZOIC TECTONICS OF THE CASCADE ARC, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article RP WELLS, RE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 60 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 19409 EP 19417 DI 10.1029/JB095iB12p19409 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900017 ER PT J AU STANLEY, WD MOONEY, WD FUIS, GS AF STANLEY, WD MOONEY, WD FUIS, GS TI DEEP CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE CASCADE RANGE AND SURROUNDING REGIONS FROM SEISMIC REFRACTION AND MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP STANLEY, WD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 73 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 19419 EP 19438 DI 10.1029/JB095iB12p19419 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900018 ER PT J AU BLAKELY, RJ JACHENS, RC AF BLAKELY, RJ JACHENS, RC TI VOLCANISM, ISOSTATIC RESIDUAL GRAVITY, AND REGIONAL TECTONIC SETTING OF THE CASCADE VOLCANIC PROVINCE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article RP BLAKELY, RJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 56 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 19439 EP 19451 DI 10.1029/JB095iB12p19439 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900019 ER PT J AU GUFFANTI, M CLYNNE, MA SMITH, JG MUFFLER, LJP BULLEN, TD AF GUFFANTI, M CLYNNE, MA SMITH, JG MUFFLER, LJP BULLEN, TD TI LATE CENOZOIC VOLCANISM, SUBDUCTION, AND EXTENSION IN THE LASSEN REGION OF CALIFORNIA, SOUTHERN CASCADE RANGE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP GUFFANTI, M (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 53 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 19453 EP 19464 DI 10.1029/JB095iB12p19453 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900020 ER PT J AU SHERROD, DR SMITH, JG AF SHERROD, DR SMITH, JG TI QUATERNARY EXTRUSION RATES OF THE CASCADE RANGE, NORTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES AND SOUTHERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article RP SHERROD, DR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, IGNEOUS & GEOTHERMAL PROC BRANCH, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 68 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 19465 EP 19474 DI 10.1029/JB095iB12p19465 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900021 ER PT J AU MARINER, RH PRESSER, TS EVANS, WC PRINGLE, MKW AF MARINER, RH PRESSER, TS EVANS, WC PRINGLE, MKW TI DISCHARGE RATES OF FLUID AND HEAT BY THERMAL SPRINGS OF THE CASCADE RANGE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND NORTHERN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article RP MARINER, RH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 434,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Evans, William/J-4283-2012 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 19517 EP 19531 DI 10.1029/JB095iB12p19517 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900024 ER PT J AU FINN, C AF FINN, C TI GEOPHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS ON WASHINGTON CONVERGENT MARGIN STRUCTURE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article RP FINN, C (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 964,POB 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 89 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 19533 EP 19546 DI 10.1029/JB095iB12p19533 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900025 ER PT J AU LEEMAN, WP SMITH, DR HILDRETH, W PALACZ, Z ROGERS, N AF LEEMAN, WP SMITH, DR HILDRETH, W PALACZ, Z ROGERS, N TI COMPOSITIONAL DIVERSITY OF LATE CENOZOIC BASALTS IN A TRANSECT ACROSS THE SOUTHERN WASHINGTON CASCADES - IMPLICATIONS FOR SUBDUCTION ZONE MAGMATISM SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. OPEN UNIV, DEPT EARTH SCI, MILTON KEYNES MK7 GAA, ENGLAND. TRINITY UNIV, DEPT GEOL, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78284 USA. RP LEEMAN, WP (reprint author), RICE UNIV, KEITH WIESS GEOL LABS, HOUSTON, TX 77251 USA. RI Rogers, Nick/A-5870-2009 NR 127 TC 156 Z9 160 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 19561 EP 19582 DI 10.1029/JB095iB12p19561 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900027 ER PT J AU CLYNNE, MA AF CLYNNE, MA TI STRATIGRAPHIC, LITHOLOGIC, AND MAJOR ELEMENT GEOCHEMICAL CONSTRAINTS ON MAGMATIC EVOLUTION AT LASSEN-VOLCANIC-CENTER, CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article RP CLYNNE, MA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 910,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 46 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 19651 EP 19669 DI 10.1029/JB095iB12p19651 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900033 ER PT J AU BULLEN, TD CLYNNE, MA AF BULLEN, TD CLYNNE, MA TI TRACE-ELEMENT AND ISOTOPIC CONSTRAINTS ON MAGMATIC EVOLUTION AT LASSEN-VOLCANIC-CENTER SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article RP BULLEN, TD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MS 910, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 46 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 19671 EP 19691 DI 10.1029/JB095iB12p19671 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900034 ER PT J AU DONNELLYNOLAN, JM CHAMPION, DE MILLER, CD GROVE, TL TRIMBLE, DA AF DONNELLYNOLAN, JM CHAMPION, DE MILLER, CD GROVE, TL TRIMBLE, DA TI POST-11,000-YEAR VOLCANISM AT MEDICINE LAKE VOLCANO, CASCADE RANGE, NORTHERN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERV,VANCOUVER,WA 98661. MIT,DEPT EARTH ATMOSPHER & PLANETARY SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP DONNELLYNOLAN, JM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Grove, Timothy/M-9638-2013 OI Grove, Timothy/0000-0003-0628-1969 NR 39 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 19693 EP 19704 DI 10.1029/JB095iB12p19693 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900035 ER PT J AU HAXEL, GB SIMPSON, RW HOWARD, KA AF HAXEL, GB SIMPSON, RW HOWARD, KA TI INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL SECTION ON THE CALIFORNIA-ARIZONA CRUSTAL TRANSECT - CACTUS .2. SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP HAXEL, GB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 19949 EP 19951 DI 10.1029/JB095iB12p19949 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900053 ER PT J AU DILLON, JT HAXEL, GB TOSDAL, RM AF DILLON, JT HAXEL, GB TOSDAL, RM TI STRUCTURAL EVIDENCE FOR NORTHEASTWARD MOVEMENT ON THE CHOCOLATE MOUNTAINS THRUST, SOUTHEASTERNMOST CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. ALASKA DIV GEOL & GEOPHYS SURVEYS,FAIRBANKS,AK. NR 108 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 19953 EP 19971 DI 10.1029/JB095iB12p19953 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900054 ER PT J AU RICHARD, SM FRYXELL, JE SUTTER, JF AF RICHARD, SM FRYXELL, JE SUTTER, JF TI TERTIARY STRUCTURE AND THERMAL HISTORY OF THE HARQUAHALA AND BUCKSKIN MOUNTAINS, WEST CENTRAL ARIZONA - IMPLICATIONS FOR DENUDATION BY A MAJOR DETACHMENT FAULT SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,INST CRUSTAL STUDIES,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 66 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 19973 EP 19987 DI 10.1029/JB095iB12p19973 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900055 ER PT J AU GRUBENSKY, MJ BAGBY, WC AF GRUBENSKY, MJ BAGBY, WC TI MIOCENE CALC-ALKALINE MAGMATISM, CALDERAS, AND CRUSTAL EXTENSION IN THE KOFA AND CASTLE DOME MOUNTAINS, SOUTHWESTERN ARIZONA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 941,MENLO PK,CA 94025. ARIZONA GEOL SURVEY,TUCSON,AZ. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 19989 EP 20003 DI 10.1029/JB095iB12p19989 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900056 ER PT J AU FOSTER, DA HARRISON, TM MILLER, CF HOWARD, KA AF FOSTER, DA HARRISON, TM MILLER, CF HOWARD, KA TI THE AR-40/AR-39 THERMOCHRONOLOGY OF THE EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT, CALIFORNIA, AND ADJACENT WESTERN ARIZONA WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEXES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article C1 SUNY ALBANY,DEPT GEOL SCI,ALBANY,NY 12222. VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT GEOL,NASHVILLE,TN 37240. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RI Foster, David/F-1727-2010; Harrison, Timothy/E-7443-2012 NR 80 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 20005 EP 20024 DI 10.1029/JB095iB12p20005 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900057 ER PT J AU TOSDAL, RM AF TOSDAL, RM TI CONSTRAINTS ON THE TECTONICS OF THE MULE MOUNTAINS THRUST SYSTEM, SOUTHEAST CALIFORNIA AND SOUTHWEST ARIZONA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT GEOL SCI,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. RP TOSDAL, RM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 136 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 20025 EP 20048 DI 10.1029/JB095iB12p20025 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900058 ER PT J AU BARTH, AP TOSDAL, RM WOODEN, JL AF BARTH, AP TOSDAL, RM WOODEN, JL TI A PETROLOGIC COMPARISON OF TRIASSIC PLUTONISM IN THE SAN GABRIEL AND MULE MOUNTAINS, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP BARTH, AP (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV PURDUE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202, USA. NR 94 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 20075 EP 20096 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900060 ER PT J AU GOODWIN, EB MCCARTHY, J AF GOODWIN, EB MCCARTHY, J TI COMPOSITION OF THE LOWER CRUST IN WEST CENTRAL ARIZONA FROM 3-COMPONENT SEISMIC DATA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article C1 STANFORD UNIV, DEPT GEOPHYS, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 53 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 20097 EP 20109 DI 10.1029/JB095iB12p20097 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900061 ER PT J AU WOODEN, JL MILLER, DM AF WOODEN, JL MILLER, DM TI CHRONOLOGICAL AND ISOTOPIC FRAMEWORK FOR EARLY PROTEROZOIC CRUSTAL EVOLUTION IN THE EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT REGION, SE CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 937,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 54 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID PD NOV 10 PY 1990 VL 95 IS B12 BP 20133 EP 20146 DI 10.1029/JB095iB12p20133 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH869 UT WOS:A1990EH86900063 ER PT J AU ZIERENBERG, RA SCHIFFMAN, P AF ZIERENBERG, RA SCHIFFMAN, P TI MICROBIAL CONTROL OF SILVER MINERALIZATION AT A SEA-FLOOR HYDROTHERMAL SITE ON THE NORTHERN GORDA RIDGE SO NATURE LA English DT Article C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT GEOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP ZIERENBERG, RA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Zierenberg, Robert/F-9329-2012 OI Zierenberg, Robert/0000-0001-9384-7355 NR 18 TC 39 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 8 PY 1990 VL 348 IS 6297 BP 155 EP 157 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EG776 UT WOS:A1990EG77600053 ER PT J AU SCHUENEMEYER, JH DREW, LJ ROOT, DH ATTANASI, ED AF SCHUENEMEYER, JH DREW, LJ ROOT, DH ATTANASI, ED TI ESTIMATING POTENTIAL FOR SMALL FIELDS IN MATURE PETROLEUM PROVINCE - DISCUSSION SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Discussion C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP SCHUENEMEYER, JH (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT MATH SCI,NEWARK,DE 19716, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD NOV PY 1990 VL 74 IS 11 BP 1761 EP 1763 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EN330 UT WOS:A1990EN33000010 ER PT J AU MOECHER, DP CHOU, IM AF MOECHER, DP CHOU, IM TI EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ANDRADITE AND HEDENBERGITE EQUILIBRIA EMPLOYING THE HYDROGEN SENSOR TECHNIQUE, WITH REVISED ESTIMATES OF DELTA-FG0M,298 FOR ANDRADITE AND HEDENBERGITE SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; STABILITY RELATIONS; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; HEAT-CAPACITIES; OXYGEN FUGACITY; O-H; WOLLASTONITE; GARNET; QUARTZ; CALIBRATION AB Hydrothermal experiments were carried out at 2 kbar, 600-860-degrees-C to resolve discrepancies among previous studies on fo2-T stability relations for the following equilibria: (1) andradite (And) = hematite (Hm) + wollastonite (Wo), (2) And = magnetite (Mt) + Wo + O2, (3) And + quartz (Qz) = hedenbergite (Hd) + Wo + O2, and (4) And + Mt + Qz = Hd + O2. A variety of O buffer and H2 generation techniques were used to access a wide range of fo2-T conditions: (1) the conventional solid O buffer technique, (2) the addition of CO2 or NaCl to the conventional assemblage fo2 buffer + H2O, and (3) mixtures of Ar and H2O in the pressure vessel, with fo2 buffered by the pressure vessel wall. These techniques allow isobaric reversal of equilibria dependent on fo2 and temperature to be demonstrated by an fo2 bracket at a constant temperature rather than in a temperature bracket along an O buffer. The fo2 for each experiment was monitored by a fH2 sensor. Crystalline starting materials were 97-100% of end-member composition, as determined by electron microprobe and X-ray diffraction. No experimental product deviated by more than 3% from the starting composition. The effect of solid solution in the products is to shift the position of a reversal by no more than 0.1 log unit in fo2. The results yielded an internally consistent set of experiments on andradite and hedenbergite stability. The DELTA-fGm,2980 for andradite and hedenbergite calculated from the data are -5428.0 +/- 5.9 and -2676.6 +/- 5.3 kJ/mol, respectively. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP MOECHER, DP (reprint author), SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT EARTH & SPACE SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794, USA. NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD NOV-DEC PY 1990 VL 75 IS 11-12 BP 1327 EP 1341 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA EY299 UT WOS:A1990EY29900010 ER PT J AU HEMINGWAY, BS ANOVITZ, LM ROBIE, RA MCGEE, JJ AF HEMINGWAY, BS ANOVITZ, LM ROBIE, RA MCGEE, JJ TI THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF DUMORTIERITE SI3B[AL6.75-CLASS-0.25O17.25(OH)0.75] SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID HEAT-CAPACITIES; MACUSANI GLASS; PEGMATITE; HAPLOGRANITE; CALORIMETRY; ENTROPIES; 298.15-K; PRESSURE; QUARTZ; 1000-K AB The heat capacities of dumortierite have been measured from 7 to 1000 K by quasiadiabatic low-temperature and differential scanning calorimetry. The corrected calorimetric entropy at 298.15 K calculated from the experimental data is 330.2 +/- 5.0 J/(mol.K) based upon the chemistry of the sample, average compositions proposed by Alexander et al. (1986), and correction to the structural formula given by Moore and Araki (1978). Moore and Araki (1978) have shown the Al(1) site to be disordered, and chemical analyses suggest that there is some Al substitution for Si. A minimum configurational entropy of 4.74 J/(mol . K) should be added to the corrected calorimetric entropy for third law calculations. The enthalpy and Gibbs free energy of formation of dumortierite from the elements have been estimated from synthesis and decomposition data and are -9109 +/- 20 and -8568 +/- 20 kJ/mol, respectively, at 298.15 K and 1 bar. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT GEOSCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP HEMINGWAY, BS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD NOV-DEC PY 1990 VL 75 IS 11-12 BP 1370 EP 1375 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA EY299 UT WOS:A1990EY29900014 ER PT J AU CYGAN, GL CHOU, IM AF CYGAN, GL CHOU, IM TI THE ASSEMBLAGE WO2+H2O AS A STEADY-STATE HYDROGEN SOURCE IN MODERATELY REDUCED HYDROTHERMAL EXPERIMENTS SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article AB The values of f(H2) for the assemblage WO2 + WO2.72 + H2O (designated as WO) have been measured in sealed Au capsules under an external pressure of 2 kbar CH4 and between 650 and 800-degrees-C using Ag-AgBr-HBr sensors of f(H2). The f(H2) values obtained can be represented by the equation [GRAPHICS] and are found to be slightly greater than those associated with the previously calibrated C-CH4 buffer. The value at 2 kbar and 650-degrees-C is approximately an order of magnitude lower than the theoretical value of the wustite-magnetite-H2O buffer. The assemblage has been found to generate reproducible steady-state f(H2) values at fixed P-T conditions. However, at the relatively high H2 pressures developed by this assemblage, H2 leakage through the Au capsule was unavoidable. This leakage can be mitigated by decreasing the f(H2) gradient across the Au capsule wall, but it is strongly recommended that f(H2) sensors be employed to monitor the actual redox conditions in experiments using buffers of assemblages that generate f(H2) values equivalent to the Co-CoO-H2O buffer or greater. The WO2 + WO2.72 + H2O assemblage can still be used as a redox buffer even though the system's H2 consumption is accomplished by H2 leakage rather than chemical reaction. RP CYGAN, GL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,959 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD NOV-DEC PY 1990 VL 75 IS 11-12 BP 1399 EP 1405 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA EY299 UT WOS:A1990EY29900018 ER PT J AU STEINBERG, NA OREMLAND, RS AF STEINBERG, NA OREMLAND, RS TI DISSIMILATORY SELENATE REDUCTION POTENTIALS IN A DIVERSITY OF SEDIMENT TYPES SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MS 465,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 28 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1990 VL 56 IS 11 BP 3550 EP 3557 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA EF663 UT WOS:A1990EF66300052 PM 16348359 ER PT J AU EDSALL, DA SMITH, CE AF EDSALL, DA SMITH, CE TI PERFORMANCE OF RAINBOW-TROUT AND SNAKE RIVER CUTTHROAT TROUT REARED IN OXYGEN-SUPERSATURATED WATER SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article RP EDSALL, DA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,BOZEMAN FISH TECHNOL CTR,4050 BRIDGER CANYON RD,BOZEMAN,MT 59715, USA. NR 14 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD NOV PY 1990 VL 90 IS 3-4 BP 251 EP 259 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(90)90249-M PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EL118 UT WOS:A1990EL11800005 ER PT J AU SCHULER, CA ANTHONY, RG OHLENDORF, HM AF SCHULER, CA ANTHONY, RG OHLENDORF, HM TI SELENIUM IN WETLANDS AND WATERFOWL FOODS AT KESTERSON-RESERVOIR, CALIFORNIA, 1984 SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OREGON COOPERAT WILDLIFE RES UNIT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 46 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1990 VL 19 IS 6 BP 845 EP 853 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EF806 UT WOS:A1990EF80600006 PM 2256704 ER PT J AU BLUMTON, AK FRASER, JD YOUNG, RW GOODBRED, S PORTER, SL LUUKKONEN, DL AF BLUMTON, AK FRASER, JD YOUNG, RW GOODBRED, S PORTER, SL LUUKKONEN, DL TI PESTICIDE AND PCB RESIDUES FOR LOGGERHEAD SHRIKES IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY, VIRGINIA, 1985-88 SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,PESTICIDE RESIDUE LAB,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21401. WILDLIFE CTR VIRGINIA,WEYERS CAVE,VA 24486. DEPT NAT RESOURCES,DIV WILDLIFE,PONTIAC,MI 48054. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1990 VL 45 IS 5 BP 697 EP 702 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EE139 UT WOS:A1990EE13900011 PM 2124939 ER EF