FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Diaz, HF McCabe, GJ AF Diaz, HF McCabe, GJ TI A possible connection between the 1878 yellow fever epidemic in the southern United States and the 1877-78 El Nino episode SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB One of the most severe outbreaks of yellow fever, a viral disease transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, affected the southern United States in the summer of 1878. The economic and human toll was enormous, and the city of Memphis, Tennessee, was one of the most affected. The authors suggest that as a consequence of one of the strongest El Nino episodes on record-that which occurred in 1877-78-exceptional climate anomalies occurred in the United States (as well as in many other parts of the world), which may have been partly responsible for the widespread nature and severity of the 1878 yellow fever outbreak. This study documents some of the extreme climate anomalies that were recorded in 1877 and 1878 in parts of the eastern United States, with particular emphasis on highlighting the evolution of these anomalies, as they might have contributed to the epidemic. Other years with major outbreaks of yellow fever in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries also occurred during the course of El Nino episodes, a fact that appears not to have been noted before in the literature. C1 NOAA, ERL, OAR, CDC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Diaz, HF (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, OAR, CDC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 80 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<0021:APCBTY>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 160KR UT WOS:000078230100002 ER PT J AU Hilderbrand, GV Schwartz, CC Robbins, CT Jacoby, ME Hanley, TA Arthur, SM Servheen, C AF Hilderbrand, GV Schwartz, CC Robbins, CT Jacoby, ME Hanley, TA Arthur, SM Servheen, C TI The importance of meat, particularly salmon, to body size, population productivity, and conservation of North American brown bears SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID YELLOWSTONE GRIZZLY BEARS; STABLE ISOTOPES; BLACK BEARS; PACIFIC SALMON; NATIONAL-PARK; URSUS-ARCTOS; ALASKA; ECOSYSTEM; NITROGEN; DIETS AB We hypothesized that the relative availability of meat, indicated by contribution to the diet, would be positively related to body size and population productivity of North American brown, or grizzly, bears (Ui;rus arctos). Dietary contributions of plane matter and meat derived from both;terrestrial and marine sources, were quantified by stable-isotope analysis (delta(13)C and delta(15)N) Of hair samples from 13 brown bear populations. Estimates of adult female body mass, mean litter size, and population density were obtained from two field studies of ours and from other published reports. The populations ranged from largely vegetarian to largely carnivorous, and food resources ranged from mostly terrestrial to mostly marine (salmon, Oncorhyachus spp.). The proportion of meat in the diet was significantly correlated with mean adult female body mass (r = 0.87, P < 0.01), mean litter size (r = 0.72, P < 0.01), and mean population density (r = 0.91, P < 0.01). Salmon was the most important source of meat for the largest, most carnivorous bears and most productive populations. We conclude that availability of meat, particularly salmon; greatly influences habitat quality for brown bears at both the individual level and the population lever. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Zool, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Zool, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Montana, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Hilderbrand, GV (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. EM Grant_Hilderbrand@Fishgame.state.ak.us NR 57 TC 251 Z9 256 U1 11 U2 63 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 77 IS 1 BP 132 EP 138 DI 10.1139/cjz-77-1-132 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 219GD UT WOS:000081598800016 ER PT S AU Hubert, WA AF Hubert, WA BE Irwin, ER Hubert, WA Rabeni, CF Schramm, HL Coon, T TI Biology and management of channel catfish SO CATFISH 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ICTALURID SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Ictalurid Symposium (Catfish 2000) CY JUN 23-25, 1998 CL DAVENPORT, IA SP US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Fed Aid, Amer Fisheries Soc, Illinois Chapter, In-Fisherman Inc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Iowa Chapter, Amer Fisheries Soc, N Cent Div, Quad City Conservat Alliance, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; GRAYROCKS RESERVOIR; SMALLMOUTH BASS; SOUTH-DAKOTA; YELLOW PERCH; FOOD-HABITS; FISHES; LAKE; ABUNDANCE; STREAM AB This paper reports the results of a literature review that assessed the current state of knowledge regarding the biology and management of channel catfish Ictaburus punctatus in North America. Biological features include reproduction, growth, diet, mortality, habitat requirements, and migration and movements. Management of channel catfish includes actions to expand the distribution, enhance recruitment, control exploitation, and preserve and enhance lotic and lentic habitats. Literature on channel catfish describes a relatively long-lived species that is highly mobile and elastic relative to diet and habitat, but information on population dynamics is limited. A relatively small array of management alternatives have been directed specifically to channel catfish stocks. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 238 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-19-0 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1999 VL 24 BP 3 EP 22 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BQ01P UT WOS:000086864000002 ER PT S AU Hightower, JE Fleming, WJ Hayman, MA AF Hightower, JE Fleming, WJ Hayman, MA BE Irwin, ER Hubert, WA Rabeni, CF Schramm, HL Coon, T TI Effects of contaminated sediments on brown bullhead age structure, growth, and condition in a North Carolina tidal creek SO CATFISH 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ICTALURID SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Ictalurid Symposium (Catfish 2000) CY JUN 23-25, 1998 CL DAVENPORT, IA SP US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Fed Aid, Amer Fisheries Soc, Illinois Chapter, In-Fisherman Inc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Iowa Chapter, Amer Fisheries Soc, N Cent Div, Quad City Conservat Alliance, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm ID FUNCTION OXIDASE COMPONENTS; LAKE ERIE TRIBUTARIES; ICTALURUS-NEBULOSUS; TUMOR FREQUENCIES; FISH; RIVER; STREAM AB We used the brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus as an indicator species to examine the effects of sediments contaminated by heavy metals on fish. We compared a contaminated North Carolina tidal creek (Slocum Creek) to two nearby reference creeks (Hancock and Goose creeks). Age distributions and growth were similar among creeks. There was no evidence of a contaminant effect in length-weight or liver weight-body weight relationships. Histological and hematological investigations did not identify any remarkable differences in fish health among creeks. Concentrations of metals in livers of brown bullheads from Slocum Creek were lower than expected based on sediment enrichment factors. We hypothesize that the lack of population- or individual-level effects of heavy metal contaminants in sediments on brown bullheads relates to the low bioavailability of the metals within the sediments in Slocum Creek, due to high levels of organic material and hydrogen sulfide in the sediments. C1 N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Zool, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hightower, JE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Zool, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-19-0 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1999 VL 24 BP 161 EP 172 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BQ01P UT WOS:000086864000011 ER PT S AU Irwin, ER Freeman, MC Costley, KM AF Irwin, ER Freeman, MC Costley, KM BE Irwin, ER Hubert, WA Rabeni, CF Schramm, HL Coon, T TI Habitat use by juvenile channel catfish and flathead catfish in lotic systems in Alabama SO CATFISH 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ICTALURID SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Ictalurid Symposium (Catfish 2000) CY JUN 23-25, 1998 CL DAVENPORT, IA SP US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Fed Aid, Amer Fisheries Soc, Illinois Chapter, In-Fisherman Inc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Iowa Chapter, Amer Fisheries Soc, N Cent Div, Quad City Conservat Alliance, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm ID RIVER; FISHES; SHALLOW; STREAM AB Few data are available on habitat requirements of juvenile catfishes; therefore, to describe habitat use of juvenile (<150 mm total length) channel catfish Ictablurus punctatus and flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris we analyzed quantitative fish samples collected in streams and rivers in Alabama. Five distinct habitat types were sampled during daylight hours with a barge-mounted electrofisher. La addition, prepositioned area electrofishers (PAEs) were used to document diel shifts in habitat use for both species. The barge-mounted electrofisher captured 716 age-0 channel catfish and 95 age-0 flathead catfish. Only 3 age-0 flathead catfish were captured in 1790 daytime PAE samples; 5 were captured in the 310 nighttime PAEs. However, 290 and 200 age-0 channel catfish were collected in day and night PAEs, respectively. Therefore, diel shifts in habitat use were detected for both species. Juvenile channel catfish exhibited a distinct nearshore distribution in shallow habitats with slow Velocities at night and occupied main channel habitats with variable depth and velocities during day. Juvenile flathead catfish were collected almost exclusively (86%) in habitats that were shallow with fast velocities or had coarse substrata. Both species displayed evidence of ontogenetic shifts in habitat use. Over 90% of the smallest individuals (mean total length = 30.6 mm) occupied shallow habitats with fast velocities or coarse substrata (May-July); whereas, the largest juveniles (mean total length = 68.9 mm) were in deep-fast habitat during August-November. The limited number of juvenile flathead catfish collected indicated that either they were unavailable to our gears or they occurred in low numbers in the study systems. Juveniles of both species were associated with habitats that represent a range of riffle conditions in the systems we sampled. Provision of these habitats is likely critical for recruitment of both species, particularly in rivers with altered flow regimes. C1 US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Irwin, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-19-0 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1999 VL 24 BP 223 EP 230 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BQ01P UT WOS:000086864000019 ER PT S AU Schramm, HL Forbes, JT Gill, DA Hubbard, WD AF Schramm, HL Forbes, JT Gill, DA Hubbard, WD BE Irwin, ER Hubert, WA Rabeni, CF Schramm, HL Coon, T TI Fishing environment preferences and attitudes toward overharvest: Are catfish anglers unique? SO CATFISH 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ICTALURID SYMPOSIUM SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Ictalurid Symposium (Catfish 2000) CY JUN 23-25, 1998 CL DAVENPORT, IA SP US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Fed Aid, Amer Fisheries Soc, Illinois Chapter, In-Fisherman Inc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Iowa Chapter, Amer Fisheries Soc, N Cent Div, Quad City Conservat Alliance, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm AB Catfish Ictaluridae are popular sport species and their management requires information about those who fish for them. Results from a telephone survey and two mail surveys of licensed Mississippi anglers indicated catfish anglers generally had preferences for noncatch aspects of their fishing environment similar to anglers who targeted other species. However, greater proportions of catfish anglers preferred to fish in rivers, streams, and spillways below dams and were more likely to fish from shore than from boats. Keeping fish was more important to catfish anglers than other angler groups. The majority of respondents agreed that regulations were necessary to prevent overharvest of sport fish but indicated relatively low need for regulations to prevent overharvest of catfish. This information can be used to improve catfish fishing opportunities but also suggests that educational efforts may be necessary to change catfish angler expectations and support for restrictive harvest regulations. C1 Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Schramm, HL (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-19-0 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 1999 VL 24 BP 417 EP 425 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BQ01P UT WOS:000086864000038 ER PT S AU Irwin, ER Hubert, WA AF Irwin, ER Hubert, WA BE Irwin, ER Hubert, WA Rabeni, CF Schramm, HL Coon, T TI Biology and management of ictalurids: A summary of the proceedings of the international catfish symposium SO CATFISH 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ICTALURID SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Ictalurid Symposium (Catfish 2000) CY JUN 23-25, 1998 CL DAVENPORT, IA SP US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Fed Aid, Amer Fisheries Soc, Illinois Chapter, In-Fisherman Inc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Iowa Chapter, Amer Fisheries Soc, N Cent Div, Quad City Conservat Alliance, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm AB Although catfishes (Ictaluridae) have long been recognized as important species, collective knowledge regarding their biology and management has lagged behind that of other families of fishes. Our purpose is to summarize the 47 papers on the biology and management of catfishes included in these proceedings. The proceedings are the first to focus on biology and management of catfishes. We believe that the information presented in the proceedings provides a milestone and catalyst for future work toward preservation of diversity and management of ictalurid catfishes. C1 Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Irwin, ER (reprint author), Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-19-0 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1999 VL 24 BP 495 EP 500 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BQ01P UT WOS:000086864000049 ER PT B AU Anderson, JM AF Anderson, JM BE Craine, ER Tucker, RA Barnes, J TI Photometry at the Robotic Lunar Observatory in Flagstaff SO CCD PRECISION PHOTOMETRY WORKSHOP SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CCD Precision Photometry Workshop CY JUN 06-07, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA ID STANDARD AB The Robotic Lunar Observatory is a project designed to produce radiometric images of the Moon for Earth-imaging spacecraft calibration over the wavelength range 350-2500 nm. Standard star observations provide information for instrument calibration and atmospheric extinction corrections. The project is currently developing data reduction software to process data taken by the automated observatory instrumentation. Several problems which limit the accuracy and precision of the observations are discussed. C1 No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Anderson, JM (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-015-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 189 BP 125 EP 132 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BP44B UT WOS:000085157400014 ER PT J AU Carmody, RW Seal, RR AF Carmody, RW Seal, RR TI Evaluation of the sulfur isotopic composition and homogeneity of the Soufre de Lacq reference material SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur; stable isotopes; S-34/S-32; standard materials ID SEDIMENTS; REDUCTION; SHALES; ROCKS AB Sulfur isotopic analysis of the elemental sulfur reference material Soufre de Lacq, prepared as silver sulfide by chromous chloride reduction and as copper sulfide by sealed-tube synthesis, indicates that Soufre de Lacq is isotopically homogeneous across different size fractions to within analytical uncertainty (+0.15 parts per thousand). The sulfur isotopic composition of aliquots of Soufre de Lacq prepared by these two techniques are identical to within analytical uncertainty. The mean sulfur isotopic composition for Soufre de Lacq prepared as silver sulfide and copper sulfide (relative to VCDT) is + 16.20 +/- 0.15 parts per thousand (1 sigma). Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Seal, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 153 IS 1-4 BP 289 EP 295 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00159-4 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 157QT UT WOS:000078073700018 ER PT B AU Haines, JW Howd, P Hanson, K AF Haines, JW Howd, P Hanson, K BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Cross-shore transport and profile evolution at Duck, North Carolina SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv AB Examination of a long-term data set of beach profiles is presented. Results suggest that the profile responds to episodic inputs of sediment appearing primarily offshore of the barred inner profile. These depositional events also reflect some redistribution of sediment across the profile. Subsequently sediment is slowly and persistently carried onshore. The net result is an accreting shoreline, a steepening beach face, a shoaling of the offshore profile, and a marked change in the overall profile shape. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal Geol, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Haines, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal Geol, 600 4th St, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 1050 EP 1064 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500074 ER PT B AU Barnhardt, WA Jaffe, BE Kayen, RE AF Barnhardt, WA Jaffe, BE Kayen, RE BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Evaluation of landslide hazards with ground-penetrating radar, Lake Michigan coast SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv ID SOIL AB Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and boreholes were used to investigate a landslide-prone bluff at Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore on the northeastern coast of Lake Michigan. Based on borehole observations, sediment underlying the area is homogeneous, consisting of well-sorted, medium to coarse sand. GPR penetrated up to 20 m deep in these sediments, revealing the late Quaternary stratigraphy in great detail. We define four units, or radar facies, based on criteria similar to those used in seismic stratigraphy. Directly beneath a landslide at Sleeping Bear Point land nowhere else in this survey) is a deeply incised, channel-fill deposit that intersects the shoreline at a high angle. The buried channel is at least 10 m deep and 400 m wide, and it might be a subglacially carved feature of Pleistocene age. A prominent, planar unconformity marks the upper surface of the channel deposit, which is overlain by stratified beach and dune material. Several crosshole GPR surveys were performed in the vicinity of the landslide: 1) a constant offset profile (COP), 2) a multiple offset gather (MOG), and 3) a vertical radar profile (VRP). Tomographic analysis of these data determined the velocity structure of sandy sediment that underlie the failed bluff. Because GPR velocity is dependent on electrical properties, we use it as a proxy for geotechnical properties of the soils. Our working hypothesis is that the hidden channel may act as a conduit for pore water flow between upland regions and Lake Michigan, and thereby locally reduce soil strength and promote slope failure. C1 US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Barnhardt, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 999, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 1153 EP 1165 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500081 ER PT B AU Allen, JR LaBash, CL List, JH AF Allen, JR LaBash, CL List, JH BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Space and time scales of shoreline change at Cape Cod National Seashore, MA, USA SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv ID MIGRATION; ACCRETION AB Different processes cause patterns of shoreline change which are exhibited at different magnitudes and nested into different spatial and time scale hierarchies. The 77-km outer beach at Cape Cod National Seashore offers one of the few U.S. federally owned portions of beach to study shoreline change within the full range of sediment source and sink relationships, and barely affected by human intervention. "Mean trends" of shoreline changes are best observed at long time scales but contain much spatial variation thus many sites are not equal in: response. Long-term, earlier-noted trends are confirmed but the added quantification and resolution improves greatly the understanding of appropriate spatial and time scales of those processes driving bluff retreat and barrier island changes in both north and south depocenters. Shorter timescales allow for comparison of trends and uncertainty in shoreline change at local scares but are dependent upon some measure of storm intensity and seasonal frequency. Single-event shoreline survey results for one storm at daily intervals after the erosional phase suggest a recovery time for the system of six days, identifies three sites with abnormally large change, and that responses at these sites are spatially coherent for now unknown reasons. Areas near inlets are the most variable at all time scales. Hierarchies in both process and form are suggested. C1 USGS, Boston, MA 02109 USA. RP Allen, JR (reprint author), USGS, 15 State St, Boston, MA 02109 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 1244 EP 1255 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500089 ER PT B AU Hampton, MA Dingler, JR Sallenger, AH Richmond, BM AF Hampton, MA Dingler, JR Sallenger, AH Richmond, BM BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Storm-related change of the northern San Mateo County coast, California SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv AB Storms induce changes in both the beaches (reversibly) and seacliffs (irreversibly) along the northern San Mateo County coast in central California. Repeated profiling of three beaches documented erosion during the onset of the 1997-98 El Nino storm season, then accretion after the largest storms passed, but there were significant differences among beaches. LIDAR surveys before and after the El Nino storm season showed a significant spatial redistribution of sand. It was preferentially transported to the north on individual pocket beaches, building the beach seaward and providing more protection to the coastal cliffs. In contrast, sand was eroded from the southern end, exposing the cliffs to the direct attack of waves. Weakly lithified seacliffs retreat landward up to several meters during a storm season, and retreat of some cliffs was amplified during 1997-98 El Nino winter. During the period of our observations, retreat was primarily the consequence of slope failure driven by freshwater processes such as heavy rainfall and groundwater flow; waves apparently played a secondary role. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Hampton, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 999, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 1311 EP 1323 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500094 ER PT B AU List, JH Farris, AS AF List, JH Farris, AS BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Large-scale shoreline response to storms and fair weather SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv ID ATLANTIC COAST; UNITED-STATES; RECESSION; ACCRETION; ACCURACY; TRENDS AB The response of the shoreline to storms and fair weather periods is measured on two beaches using a new technique for surveying shoreline position. Shoreline change was documented for five weeks of daily surveys along 70 km of the Outer Banks, North Carolina and for ten months of biweekly and storm-response surveys along 45 km of coast on Cape God, Massachusetts. Spatially-averaged shoreline change illustrates the response of the coast to changing wave conditions. In both study areas, the shoreline response to storms was extremely rapid, with shoreline erosion during periods of increasing wave height and shoreline accretion during periods of decreasing wave height. For the Outer Banks data, 88% of the variance in daily mean shoreline position can be predicted by observed wave height variations. The Outer Banks data also demonstrate that even small storms can be associated with significant, albeit extremely temporary, changes in shoreline position. Plots showing the alongshore variability in shoreline change (not spatially averaged) reveal a remarkably non-homogeneous response to storms. In both study areas, zones with 20 m or more of storm-induced erosion alternated with zones Of apparent stability on a spacial scale of 5-10 km, Post-storm accretional patterns were a virtual mirror image of the storm-induced erosional patterns, rapidly bringing the shoreline back to near its pre-storm configuration. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02536 USA. RP List, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02536 USA. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 1324 EP 1338 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500095 ER PT B AU Schwab, WC Thieler, ER Allen, JS Foster, DS Swift, BA Denny, JF Danforth, WW AF Schwab, WC Thieler, ER Allen, JS Foster, DS Swift, BA Denny, JF Danforth, WW BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Geologic mapping of the nearshore area offshore Fire Island, New York SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; LONG-ISLAND; INNER SHELF; SHOREFACE; EVOLUTION; BARRIERS; INLETS; FIELD AB High-resolution sea-floor mapping techniques were used to investigate how the geologic framework of the inner-continental shelf influenced the Holocene evolution and modem behavior of the Fire Island barrier-island System. The inner shelf off Fire Island can be divided into two segments by a broad outcrop of Cretaceous coastal-plain strata offshore of Watch Hill. This outcrop was part of a subaerial headland during the early Holocene. Erosion of the headland during marine transgression furnished sediment to the inner shelf downdrift (to the west) of the headland. The sediment was, in rum, reworked by oceanographic processes into a series of shoreface-attached sand ridges. The oldest (similar to 1200 yr BP) and historically most stable part of the barrier-island system is immediately landward of the area of outcropping Cretaceous strata and thickest sand ridges. The sand ridges appear to be a significant present-day source of sediment to the western part of Fire Island, In contrast, along the shore east of Watch Hill, Pleistocene sediment is either exposed on the inner shelf or buried by a veneer of modem reworked sediment. The barrier-island system here has migrated landward at a faster rate than the segment west of Watch Hill which may be due to the smaller supply of modern sediment on the inner shelf. Such variations in onshore sediment flux must be included in development of coastal sediment budgets. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Schwab, WC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 1552 EP 1567 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500110 ER PT B AU Gibbs, AE Gelfenbaum, G AF Gibbs, AE Gelfenbaum, G BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Bathymetric change off the Washington-Oregon coast SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv ID RIVER AB Historical hydrographic data from the Washington/Oregon shelf are compared for the first time to identify bathymetric change on a regional scale. Offshore data sets exist for four time periods: 1800s, pre-1950s, post-1950s, and 1990s, Data from only two time periods, 1868-87 and 1926-27, cover the entire offshore region between Tillamook Head, Oregon and Grays Harbor, Washington. A confidence interval of +/-1.7m is established for the bathymetric comparison between these two data sets. Wide trackline spacings within the 1868/87 surveys, sounding errors due to horizontal positioning inaccuracies and heavy seas and currents encountered during the surveys, questionable tidal correction methods, and vertical datum inconsistencies, compose most of the uncertainties in this data set. Surveys collected closer to shore, in water depths less than -30m, contain smaller errors and define the sea-floor morphology well. Errors and uncertainties increase with depth and distance offshore. Comparison between these two surveys shows large areas of both accretion and erosion on the shelf between the shoreline and -70m of water, with the greatest change occurring off the mouth of the Columbia River. Quantitative analysis and interpretation of the regional bathymetric changes within the Columbia River Littoral Cell should be approached with caution and with a thorough knowledge of the error distribution and uncertainties associated with the data set. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Gibbs, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 1627 EP 1642 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500115 ER PT B AU Gelfenbaum, G Sherwood, CR Peterson, CD Kaminsky, GM Buijsman, M Twichell, DC Ruggiero, P Gibbs, AE Reed, C AF Gelfenbaum, G Sherwood, CR Peterson, CD Kaminsky, GM Buijsman, M Twichell, DC Ruggiero, P Gibbs, AE Reed, C BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI The Columbia River littoral cell: A sediment budget overview SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv ID ESTUARY AB For the last several thousand years the Columbia River has supplied sand to nearby bays, coastal dunes, the continental shelf, and the continental slope and submarine canyons and fans. By quantifying the amount of sand that occupies these environments, we will gain a better understanding of the Columbia River dispersal system. We can use this insight to better predict the response from changes in the system, whether natural or human-induced. To help separate natural from human-induced changes in the littoral cell, the sediment budget is calculated for pre-historic periods as well as for historic and recent periods. Estimating the discharge of the Columbia River is a critical component of a sediment budget for the littoral cell. Preliminary calculations suggest an average total discharge for pre-historical time of 20 x 10(6) m(3)/yr, compared to 8.7 x 10(6) m(3)/yr for early historical time, and 4.3 x 10(6) m(3)/yr since the 1950s. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Gelfenbaum, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS999, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 1660 EP 1675 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500117 ER PT B AU Sallenger, AH Howd, P Brock, J Krabill, WB Swift, RN Manizade, S Duffy, M AF Sallenger, AH Howd, P Brock, J Krabill, WB Swift, RN Manizade, S Duffy, M BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Scaling winter storm impacts on Assateague Island, MD, VA SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv AB A storm impact scale has been developed that describes the processes and relative magnitudes of net change to barrier islands that occurs during storms: During a ten day period in 1998, Assateague Island MD, VA was severely impacted by two winter storms with offshore significant wave heights exceeding 7 m. The island was surveyed pre- and post-storm using NASA's Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM), a scanning airborne laser altimeter. Along a 20 km leach of the barrier island, different impacts occurred including net dune erosion with no overwash, classic berm overwash with net migration landward and complete inundation where new inlets formed, By examining the relationships between calculated wave runup and the vertical dimensions of the coast, each type of impact can be categorized. The new scale should prove useful in parameterizing storm impacts both between and along barrier islands of variable relief. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal Geol, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Sallenger, AH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal Geol, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 1814 EP 1825 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500127 ER PT B AU Dingler, JR Foote, AL AF Dingler, JR Foote, AL BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Hydrology in managed and unmanaged Louisiana coastal marshes SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv ID SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; SEDIMENT DEPOSITION; ESTUARINE MARSH; WETLANDS; SUBMERGENCE; DIEBACK; GULF AB Louisiana sustains the highest rate of coastal marsh loss in North America; losses believed to be directly related to human interference with the interaction of hydrology and sedimentation in a high-subsidence alluvial environment. During the previous three decades, wetland managers and engineers have tried to conserve coastal marshes by constructing levees to impound areas of marsh. Such impoundments have been the cause of numerous unintended negative effects on hydrology and sediment delivery processes. Hydrologic dynamics are the overriding energy source for sediment deposition and remobilization in Louisiana's coastal marshes. To evaluate the impact of impoundment on such marshes, we conducted an investigation of water movement and inundation patterns in the Barataria and Terrebonne drainage basins, which are currently experiencing the most rapid rates of marsh loss in the state. This paper addresses differences in water level and tidal amplitude between four pairs of sites within the two drainage basins based on four years of hourly water level measurements and rainfall data from regional monitoring stations. One site of each pair was impounded; the other remained natural. Time series analysis clearly delineated tidal, seasonal, and annual patterns that differed between impounded and natural sites. Factor analysis grouped the sites by basin and impounded versus natural. From these analyses, it is clear that marsh management has a profound affect on water level that relates to tidal dampening and trapping of rain. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Dingler, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 999, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 1881 EP 1896 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500132 ER PT B AU Thieler, ER Gayes, PT Schwab, WC Harris, MS AF Thieler, ER Gayes, PT Schwab, WC Harris, MS BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Tracing sediment dispersal on nourished beaches: Two case studies SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv ID SHORELINE CHANGE GENESIS; COAST BARRIER ISLANDS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; GENERALIZED-MODEL AB The event- to decade-scale patterns of sediment dispersal on two artificially nourished beaches have been mapped using a combination of geophysical surveys, closely-spaced vibracores, and repeated beach profiles. At both Wrightsville Beach, NC and Folly Island, SC the sediment used for beach nourishment is macroscopically distinct from native sediment and can be used to identify sediment transport pathways and infer mechanisms for across-shelf transport. The data from both sites demonstrate that significant quantities of nourishment sediment are being transported seaward onto the inner continental shelf. The time and space scales of this transport are of engineering interest for the planning, design and long-term maintenance of nourished beaches. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Thieler, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods HOle Rd,, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 2118 EP 2136 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500148 ER PT B AU Hapke, CJ Richmond, BM AF Hapke, CJ Richmond, BM BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI The development of a Coastal Aerial Mapping System (CAMS) and its application to the study of coastal morphodynamics SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv AB Digital softcopy photogrammetric techniques can be applied to vertical aerial photography to topographic data for a whole beach system, providing information on both cross-shore and long-shore morphologic changes to the coastal zone. Using a recently developed small-format aerial mapping system, high resolution vertical photography of specific study areas are collected on a routine basis. This system provides frequent photographic coverage of areas of interest, can mobilize rapidly in the event of a severe storm event, and is inexpensive to operate. Once digitzed, the photographs themselves are excellent base maps for use with contemporaneous geologic and oceanographic studies. The softcopy photogrammetric processing of digitally converted photography are used to produce contour maps, orthophotographs, 3D surface models and volumetric calculations. The Coastal Aerial Mapping System (CAMS) has been used in three studies to date: 1)System testing and base map production from Duck, North Carolina; 2) Volumetric beach change and cliff retreat in Santa Cruz County, CA; and 3) Beach morphodynamics in Kailua Bay, Oahu, in connection with a beach-to-reef nearshore oceanographic experiment. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Hapke, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 999, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 2398 EP 2413 PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500168 ER PT B AU Brock, J Sallenger, A Krabill, W Swift, R Manizade, S Meredith, A Jansen, M Eslinger, D AF Brock, J Sallenger, A Krabill, W Swift, R Manizade, S Meredith, A Jansen, M Eslinger, D BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Aircraft laser altimetry for coastal process studies SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv AB Airborne laser terrain mapping systems hold great promise for research within the coastal science community aimed at improving our understanding of nearshore sedimentary processes. The NASA Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) instrument is sufficiently accurate for detailed surveys of coastal geomorphology at very high data densities. The NASA ATM mapping system is well suited for quick response poststorm damage assessments. This system has been successfully used to quantify seasonal changes in high resolution coastal topography along 1200 kilometers of the US West coast caused by El Nine storms during the winter of '97-'98. C1 USGS, Ctr Coastal Geol, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Brock, J (reprint author), USGS, Ctr Coastal Geol, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 2414 EP 2428 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500169 ER PT B AU Landa, ER Cravotta, CA Naftz, DL Verplanck, PL Nordstrom, DK Zielinski, RA AF Landa, ER Cravotta, CA Naftz, DL Verplanck, PL Nordstrom, DK Zielinski, RA BE Hylko, JM Salyer, RL TI Geochemical investigations by the US Geological Survey on uranium mining, milling, and environmental restoration SO CREATION AND FUTURE LEGACY OF STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION, APPLICATIONS, AND CONSUMPTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Midyear Topical Meeting of the Health-Physics-Society CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Hlth Phys Soc Rio Grande Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Landa, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-88-X PY 1999 BP 215 EP 220 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BM63F UT WOS:000079308800035 ER PT J AU Evans, RD Belnap, J AF Evans, RD Belnap, J TI Long-term consequences of disturbance on nitrogen dynamics in an arid ecosystem SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canyonlands National Park, Utah, USA; cryptogamic crusts; land-use change; microbiotic crusts; microphytic crusts; mineralization; nitrification; nitrogen; stable isotopes ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; CANYONLANDS-NATIONAL-PARK; FERTILE-SOIL MICROSITES; PICEA-ABIES FOREST; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; SURFACE DISTURBANCES; NATURAL ABUNDANCE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; LARREA-TRIDENTATA; GLOBAL CHANGE AB Anthropogenic activity is causing dramatic changes in the nitrogen (N) cycle in many ecosystems. Most research has focused on the increase in N input caused by atmospheric deposition and invasion of N-fixing species, and on their effects on resource availability and species composition. However, in contrast to many ecosystems experiencing large increases in N input, many arid ecosystems are experiencing loss of nutrients due to land-use change. An important component of many arid ecosystems on a worldwide basis is the microbiotic crust, a biological soil crust composed of lichens, cyanobacteria, mosses, and algae. Nitrogen fixation by lichens and cyanobacteria comprising the crust is the primary source of N input in many of these ecosystems. We quantified the long-term consequences of surface disturbance in an arid ecosystem on the Colorado Plateau by comparing pristine sites with those of known disturbance history. Disturbance caused an increase in the abundance of cyanobacteria and a decrease in lichens within the microbiotic crust. Carbon isotope composition (delta(13)C) of the crust reflects this shift in species composition; values for disturbed sites were 4.5 parts per thousand higher than undisturbed sites. Nitrogen isotope composition (delta(15)N) of the microbiotic crust was 1.5-2.2 parts per thousand higher for disturbed sites, probably resulting from relatively greater gaseous N loss from the crust. Historic disturbance has caused a long-term decrease in rates of N fixation by the microbiotic crust; nitrogenase activity in pristine sites was 250% greater than sites intermittently disturbed 30 yr ago. The decrease in N input from fixation and continued gaseous N loss has caused a 25-75% decrease in soil N content. Altering relative rates of N input and loss, coupled with input of N from microbiotic crusts with relatively higher delta(15)N, has caused an increase in soil and plant delta(15)N at disturbed sites. This decrease in soil N caused by disturbance will likely cause changes in species composition similar to those observed in ecosystems that have been disrupted by excess N input from atmospheric deposition. C1 Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. US Geol Serv, Biol Res Div, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Evans, RD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 89 TC 153 Z9 174 U1 11 U2 93 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 1999 VL 80 IS 1 BP 150 EP 160 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[0150:LTCODO]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157DV UT WOS:000078045600011 ER PT J AU Cade, BS Terrell, JW Schroeder, RL AF Cade, BS Terrell, JW Schroeder, RL TI Estimating effects of limiting factors with regression quantiles SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE absolute deviations; limiting factors; linear models; quantiles; rank-score tests; regression; regression quantiles ID RANK SCORES; MODELS; ASSEMBLAGES; ABUNDANCE; ALGORITHM; TESTS; FIELD; SIZE AB In a recent Concepts paper in Ecology, Thomson et al. emphasized that assumptions of conventional correlation and regression analyses fundamentally conflict with the ecological concept of limiting factors, and they called for new statistical procedures to address this problem. The analytical issue is that unmeasured factors may be the active limiting constraint and may induce a pattern of unequal variation in the biological response variable through an interaction with the measured factors. Consequently, changes near the maxima, rather than at the center of response distributions, are better estimates of the effects expected when the observed factor is the active limiting constraint. Regression quantiles provide estimates for linear models tit to any part of a response distribution, including near the upper bounds, and require minimal assumptions about the form of the error distribution. Regression quantiles extend the concept of one-sample quantiles to the linear model by solving an optimization problem of minimizing an asymmetric function of absolute errors. Rank-score tests for regression quantiles provide tests of hypotheses and confidence intervals for parameters in linear models with heteroscedastic errors, conditions likely to occur in models of limiting ecological relations. We used selected regression quantiles (e.g., 5th, 10th,..., 95th) and confidence intervals to test hypotheses that parameters equal zero for estimated changes in average annual acorn biomass due to forest canopy cover of oak (Quercus spp.) and oak species diversity. Regression quantiles also were used to estimate changes in glacier lily (Erythronium grandiflorum) seedling numbers as a function of lily flower numbers, rockiness, and pocket gopher (Thomomys talpoides fossor) activity, data that motivated the query by Thomson et al. for new statistical procedures. Both example applications showed that effects of limiting factors estimated by changes in some upper regression quantile (e.g., 90-95th) were greater than if effects were estimated by changes in the means from standard linear model procedures. Estimating a range of regression quantiles (e.g., 5-95th) provides a comprehensive description of biological response patterns for exploratory and inferential analyses in observational studies of limiting factors, especially when sampling large spatial and temporal scales. C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Cade, BS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, 4512 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 50 TC 296 Z9 306 U1 5 U2 54 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 1999 VL 80 IS 1 BP 311 EP 323 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157DV UT WOS:000078045600024 ER PT B AU Peterjohn, BG Sauer, JR AF Peterjohn, BG Sauer, JR BE Vickery, PD Herkert, JR TI Population status of North American grassland birds from the North American Breeding Bird Survey, 1966-1996 SO ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF GRASSLAND BIRDS OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecology and Conservation of Grassland Birds of the Western Hemisphere CY OCT, 1995 CL TULSA, OK SP Assoc Field Ornithologists DE bird populations; Breeding Bird Survey; grassland birds ID CONSERVATION-RESERVE-PROGRAM; HABITAT; COMMUNITIES; DICKCISSELS; DENSITY; TRENDS; DAKOTA AB We summarize population trends for grassland birds from 1966 to 1996 using data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey. Collectively, grassland birds showed the smallest percentage of species that increased of any Breeding Bird Survey bird group, and population declines prevailed throughout most of North America. Although 3 grassland bird species experienced significant population increases between 1966 and 1996, 13 species declined significantly and 9 exhibited nonsignificant trend estimates. We summarize the temporal and geographic patterns of the trends for grassland bird species and discuss factors that have contributed to these trends. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Peterjohn, BG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 99 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 21 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-08-5; 1-891276-11-5 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 1999 IS 19 BP 27 EP 44 PG 18 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BN92Q UT WOS:000083508200002 ER PT B AU Knopf, FL Rupert, JR AF Knopf, FL Rupert, JR BE Vickery, PD Herkert, JR TI Use of cultivated fields by breeding Mountain Plovers in Colorado SO ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF GRASSLAND BIRDS OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE SE STUDIES IN AVIAN BIOLOGY-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecology and Conservation of Grassland Birds of the Western Hemisphere CY OCT, 1995 CL TULSA, OK SP Assoc Field Ornithologists DE Charadrius montanus; Colorado; Mountain Plover AB Populations of breeding Mountain Plovers (Charadrius montanus) in North America declined an average of 3.7 percent per year from 1966 through 1993, resulting in a 63 percent total decline during that period. This decline led to listing the species as a Candidate Species under the federal Endangered Species Act. Mountain Plovers have been observed nesting on cultivated fields, but nest loss may be high on these sires. During the 1994 breeding season we surveyed Mountain Plover use of contiguous cultivated and native-prairie sites in Weld County, Colorado. Birds used both sites equally in April. The cultivated field was planted in early May, which probably destroyed nests and resulted in plovers reinitiating courtship and renesting. No resurgence of courtship was observed on native prairie during the same period. Observations of Mountain Plovers with radio transmitters during the 1994 breeding seasons revealed that some of the birds that lost nests or chicks on native prairie moved to the recently cultivated field to forage. Two of three Mountain Plovers that hatched eggs within 2 kilometers of the cultivated field moved chicks onto that field until the chicks hedged. We conclude that cultivated fields provide acceptable, and locally valuable, feeding habitat for Mountain Plovers. Because Mountain Plovers have also been reported to nest on plowed ground from Nebraska to Oklahoma, however, and because 31.9 percent of native habitats in the southwestern Great Plains have been cultivated, we also conclude that mechanical working of fields during the nest and early chick phases may contribute to the 3.7 percent annual rate of decline of this species. Four management options are suggested to improve Mountain Plover recruitment on and near cultivated lands. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Knopf, FL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, 4512 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-11-5 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL-SER PY 1999 IS 19 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BN92Q UT WOS:000083508200006 ER PT B AU Knick, ST Rotenberry, JT AF Knick, ST Rotenberry, JT BE Vickery, PD Herkert, JR TI Spatial distribution of breeding passerine bird habitats in a shrubsteppe region of southwestern Idaho SO ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF GRASSLAND BIRDS OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecology and Conservation of Grassland Birds of the Western Hemisphere CY OCT, 1995 CL TULSA, OK SP Assoc Field Ornithologists DE Amphispiza belli; Eremophila alpestris; exotic annual grassland; Geographical Information System; habitat-selection model; shrubsteppe; Spizella breweri; Sturnella neglecta ID STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES; RESOURCE SELECTION; FRAGMENTATION; INDICATOR; ECOLOGY; DENSITY AB We mapped the spatial distribution of a habitat index for Sage Sparrows (Amphispiza belli), Brewer's Sparrows (Spizella breweri), Horned Larks (Eremophila alpestris), and Western Meadowlarks (Sturnella neglecta) in shrubsteppe habitats of southwestern Idaho. Landscape-level habitat associations of breeding passerine birds were determined from presence or absence at 119 randomly located points surveyed each year from 1992 through 1995. We developed a multivariate description of habitats used by each species from variables derived from coverages in a Geographical Information System. Habitat variables were number of shrub, agriculture, and hydrography cells, mean and standard deviation of shrub parch size, habitat richness, and a measure of spatial heterogeneity in a 1-kilometer radius around each survey point. We ranked each 50-meter cell in a Geographical Information System map by the generalized squared distance in multivariate space between values for habitat variables in the cell and the mean habitat vector for each species. We then generated a map of habitat probabilities of each species for a 200,000-hectare region in southwestern Idaho. In a verification survey at 39 sites, we correctly predicted presence or absence at approximately 80 percent of the sites for Sage and Brewer's sparrows and Western Meadowlarks but at only 36 percent of the sites for Horned Larks. Spatial distribution of habitats for breeding passerine birds was strongly related to distribution of large shrub patches. Because fire is rapidly converting shrublands to exotic annual grasslands in this region, we expect shrubland-obligate species to decline because of habitat loss and grassland species to become more predominant unless management practices change. C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Knick, ST (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Luke St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-08-5; 1-891276-11-5 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 1999 IS 19 BP 104 EP 111 PG 8 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BN92Q UT WOS:000083508200009 ER PT B AU Igl, LD Johnson, DH AF Igl, LD Johnson, DH BE Vickery, PD Herkert, JR TI Le Conte's Sparrows breeding in conservation reserve program fields: Precipitation and patterns of population change SO ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF GRASSLAND BIRDS OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE SE STUDIES IN AVIAN BIOLOGY-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecology and Conservation of Grassland Birds of the Western Hemisphere CY OCT, 1995 CL TULSA, OK SP Assoc Field Ornithologists DE Ammodramus leconteii; climate; Conservation Reserve Program; drought; grassland; Great Plains; Le Conte's Sparrow; populations; precipitation ID NORTH-DAKOTA; GRASSLAND BIRDS; ABUNDANCE; SUCCESS; LAND AB Breeding Le Conte's Sparrows (Ammodramus leconteii) were studied from 1990 to 1996 in perennial grasslands established on fields enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program in the northern Great Plains. The status of Le Conte's Sparrow in these grasslands changed from that of an uncommon breeding species in 1990-1993 to that of one of the most abundant breeding species in 1994-1996. Numerical population lows and highs coincided with drought and amelioration of drought conditions, respectively. Our results emphasize the importance of rangewide conservation efforts and long-term observations of grassland birds. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Igl, LD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. OI Igl, Lawrence/0000-0003-0530-7266 NR 65 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-11-5 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL-SER PY 1999 IS 19 BP 178 EP 186 PG 9 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BN92Q UT WOS:000083508200020 ER PT J AU Grace, JB Guntenspergen, GR AF Grace, JB Guntenspergen, GR TI The effects of landscape position on plant species density: Evidence of past environmental effects in a coastal wetland SO ECOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coastal; disturbance; diversity; historical effects; landscape position; productivity; salinity; species density; wetlands ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PEARL RIVER; MARSH; RICHNESS; COMPETITION; VEGETATION; FIRE; PRODUCTIVITY; DISTURBANCE; DIVERSITY AB Here we propose that an important cause of variation in species density may be prior environmental conditions that continue to influence current patterns. In this paper we investigated the degree to which species density varies with location within the landscape, independent of contemporaneous environmental conditions. The area studied was a coastal marsh landscape subject to periodic storm events. To evaluate the impact of historical effects, it was assumed that the landscape position of a plot relative to the river's mouth ("distance from sea") and to the edge of a stream channel ("distance from shore") would correlate with the impact of prior storm events, an assumption supported by previous studies. To evaluate the importance of spatial location on species density, data were collected from five sites located at increasing distances from the river's mouth along the Middle Pearl River in Louisiana. At each site, plots were established systematically along transects perpendicular to the shoreline. For each of the 175 plots, we measured elevation, soil salinity, percent of plot recently disturbed, percent of sunlight captured by the plant canopy (as a measure of plant abundance), and plant species density. Structural equation analysis ascertained the degree to which landscape position variables explained variation in species density that could not be explained by current environmental indicators. Without considering landscape variables, 54% of the variation in species density could be explained by the effects of salinity, flooding, and plant abundance. When landscape variables were included, distance from shore was unimportant but distance from sea explained an additional 12% of the variance in species density (R-2 of final model = 66%). Based on these results it appears that at least some of the otherwise unexplained variation in species density can be attributed to landscape position, and presumably previous storm events. We suggest that future studies may gain additional insight into the factors controlling current patterns of species density by examining the effects of position within the landscape. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Biol Resources, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Grace, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. NR 58 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 12 PU UNIVERSITE LAVAL PI ST FOY PA PAVILLON ALEXANDRE-VACHON, UNIV LAVAL, ST FOY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA SN 1195-6860 J9 ECOSCIENCE JI Ecoscience PY 1999 VL 6 IS 3 BP 381 EP 391 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 289MC UT WOS:000085624700008 ER PT J AU Suarez, F Binkley, D Kaye, MW Stottlemyer, R AF Suarez, F Binkley, D Kaye, MW Stottlemyer, R TI Expansion of forest stands into tundra in the Noatak National Preserve, northwest Alaska SO ECOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Picea glauca; treeline; climate change ID WHITE SPRUCE; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; WESTERN CANADA; ESTABLISHMENT; TREELINE AB Temperatures across the northern regions of North America have been increasing for 150 years, and forests have responded to this increase. In the Noatak National Preserve in Alaska, white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) forests reach their northern limit, occurring primarily on well-drained sites and as gallery forests along streams. Rolling plateaus of tundra separate the white spruce forests into disjunct stands. We examined patterns of tree age, tree growth, and tree encroachment into tundra ecosystems in six stands along the Agashashok River. Warming over the past 150 years appears to have increased tree growth and resulted in forest expansion into adjacent tundra ecosystems. The forest/tundra ecotone shifted by about 80 to 100 m into the tundra in the past 200 years, as evidenced by declining maximum tree age with distance towards the tundra. The decadal-scale pattern of tree establishment at the farthest extent of trees into the tundra (the tundra-forest ecotone) correlated with the detrended growth index for trees within the forests; climate conditions that led to higher tree growth appeared to foster tree establishment in the tundra. This recent forest expansion has occurred across topographic boundaries, from well-drained soils on slopes onto poorly drained, flatter areas of tundra. Further expansion of the forests may be limited by more severe wind exposure and poor drainage that make the majority of tundra less suitable for trees. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Biol Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Binkley, D (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 24 TC 66 Z9 74 U1 5 U2 26 PU UNIVERSITE LAVAL PI ST FOY PA PAVILLON ALEXANDRE-VACHON, UNIV LAVAL, ST FOY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA SN 1195-6860 J9 ECOSCIENCE JI Ecoscience PY 1999 VL 6 IS 3 BP 465 EP 470 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 289MC UT WOS:000085624700017 ER PT B AU Adkison, MD Peterman, RM AF Adkison, MD Peterman, RM GP UNIV. OF ALASKA SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM UNIV. OF ALASKA SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM UNIV. OF ALASKA SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM TI Predictability of returns of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to Bristol Bay, Alaska, 1-4 years in the future SO ECOSYSTEM APPROACHES FOR FISHERIES MANAGEMENT SE LOWELL WAKEFIELD FISHERIES SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ecosystem Considerations in Fisheries Management CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 1998 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Alaska Dept Fish & Game Commercial Fisheries Div, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Sport Fish, N Pacific Fishery Management Council, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Amer Fisheries Soc, Colorado Wyoming Chapter, Amer Fisheries Soc, N Pacific Int Chapter, Amer Fisheries Soc, Western Div C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Adkison, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ALASKA SEA GRANT PI FAIRBANKS PA POB 755040, 205 ONEILL BLDG, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775 USA BN 1-56612-061-6 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 1999 VL 16 BP 37 EP 38 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BP34Q UT WOS:000084758600004 ER PT B AU Ingersoll, CG Hutchinson, T Crane, M Dodson, S Gies, A Huet, MC McKenney, CL Oberdorster, E Pascoe, D Versteeg, DJ Warwick, O AF Ingersoll, CG Hutchinson, T Crane, M Dodson, S Gies, A Huet, MC McKenney, CL Oberdorster, E Pascoe, D Versteeg, DJ Warwick, O BE DeFur, PL Crane, M Ingersoll, CG Tattersfield, LJ TI Laboratory toxicity tests for evaluating potential effects of endocrine-disrupting compounds SO ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION IN INVERTEBRATES: ENDOCRINOLOGY, TESTING, AND ASSESSMENT SE SETAC TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Endocrine Disruption in Invertebrates - Endocrinology, Testing, and Assessment (EDIETA) CY DEC 12-15, 1998 CL NOORDWIJKERHOUT, NETHERLANDS SP Chem Manufacturers Assoc, Arlington, European Ctr Ecotoxicol & Toxicol Chem, Brussels, European Commiss DGXII, Brussels, European Crop Protect Assoc, Brussels, Endocrine Modulators Steering Grp, CEFIC Task Force, Brussels, Exxon Chem Co, Houston, MAFF, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, Natl Inst Coastal & Marine Management, The Hague, UK Dept Environm, Transport & Reg, London, UK Environm Agcy, London, US EPA, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geol Survey, Directorate Gen Public Works & Water Management, Amsterdam ID CRAB CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; RED SWAMP CRAYFISH; CHIRONOMUS-RIPARIUS DIPTERA; BEETLE ALEOCHARA-BILINEATA; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INSECT GROWTH-REGULATOR; PRIMARY-CELL CULTURES; GAMMARUS-PULEX L; LIFE-CYCLE TEST; FRESH-WATER MACROINVERTEBRATES C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Environm & Contaminants Res, Columbia, MO USA. RP Ingersoll, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Environm & Contaminants Res, Columbia, MO USA. NR 454 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-27-9 J9 SETAC TECH PUBLICAT PY 1999 BP 107 EP 197 PG 91 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BP35B UT WOS:000084810200003 ER PT J AU Barfoot, CA Gadomski, DM Wertheimer, RH AF Barfoot, CA Gadomski, DM Wertheimer, RH TI Growth and mortality of age-0 northern squawfish, Ptychocheilus oregonensis, rearing in shoreline habitats of a Columbia River reservoir SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Cyprinidae; early life history; impoundment; littoral ID JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; LARVAL; FISHES; SIZE; TEMPERATURE; RECRUITMENT; MISSISSIPPI; PREDATION AB We investigated growth and mortality of age-0 northern squawfish during early rearing in shallow shoreline habitats. Larvae and juveniles (n = 22914) were collected by weekly seining at three sample sites in the upper John Day Reservoir, Columbia River, during June through early September 1994-1996. Using a length-based ageing method, it was estimated that the exponential growth rate (G) for a common growth stanza (10-28 mm standard length SL) was significantly higher in 1994 (G = 0.047) than in 1996 (G = 0.037). Growth rate in 1995 could not be estimated, but was probably intermediate between 1994 and 1996 based on mean standard lengths of fish collected at the end of each sampling season (46.3, 40.0, and 32.0 mm SL in 1994, 1995, and 1996, respectively). For many fish species, variations in early growth can influence survival through size-selective mortality processes. Consistent with this possibility, our estimates of instantaneous mortality rates (Z) demonstrated that larvae and juveniles had significantly higher mortality in 1996 than in 1994 (Z = 0.103 in 1994, versus Z = 0.138 in 1996). Enhanced growth and lower mortality in 1994 were associated with a number of interrelated environmental conditions - comparatively low flows and turbidities, abundant instream vegetative cover, and high near-shore water temperatures. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Barfoot, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JAN PY 1999 VL 54 IS 1 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1023/A:1007466928572 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 172WV UT WOS:000078949200009 ER PT B AU Melching, CS AF Melching, CS BE Lee, JHW Jayawardena, AW Wang, ZY TI Accuracy of tracer measurement of gas-desorption rates SO ENVIRONMENTAL HYDRAULICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Environmental Hydraulics CY DEC 16-18, 1998 CL UNIV HONG KONG, DEPT CIVIL ENGN, HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Hong Kong Inst Engn, Chinese Hydraul Engn Soc, Int Res & Training Ctr Eros & Sedimentat, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, Amer Soc Civil Engn, Japan Soc Civil Engn, Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Croucher Fdn, K C Wong Educ Fdn, Hydraul Res Wallingford, Delft Hydraul, ATAL Engn Ltd, Penta Ocean Construct Ltd, Univ Hong Kong HO UNIV HONG KONG, DEPT CIVIL ENGN AB Methods for measuring the gas-desorption rate for flowing water in streams involve the use of different gases (krypton-85, propane, and ethylene), injection procedures (slug and continuous), and computational approaches. For slug injection, the gas-desorption rate may be computed by determining the change in the peak concentration at upstream and downstream measurement locations (peak method) or by determining the change in the area under the gas concentration versus time curve at upstream and downstream measurement locations (area method). This paper summarizes the results of comparisons of paired measurements of the reaeration-rate coefficient (K-2) utilizing the different tracer-gas methods as follows: 108 K-2 pairs from the propane- and ethylene-peak methods, 32 K-2 pairs from the propane- and ethylene-area methods, 43 K-2 pairs from the propane-peak and -area methods, 52 K-2 pairs from the ethylene-peak and -area methods, 8 K-2 pairs from the propane-peak and krypton-85 methods, and 9 K-2 pairs each from of the krypton-85 and the propane-area and ethylene-peak and -area methods. The methods utilizing propane and/or ethylene yield unbiased estimates of K-2. The mean absolute relative percent difference in the estimated K-2 values obtained from tracer-gas methods ranged between 11.3 and 20 percent. Sixty-seven percent of the paired K-2 measurements had relative percentage differences (RPD) with absolute values less than 20 percent and errors relative to the mean of the measurements less than 10 percent. On the basis of the data analyzed, the standard error of tracer-gas measurements of gas desorption is approximately 10 percent. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Urbana, IL USA. RP Melching, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Urbana, IL USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-035-3 PY 1999 BP 481 EP 486 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BM27K UT WOS:000078240600073 ER PT J AU Douglas, AJ Taylor, JG AF Douglas, AJ Taylor, JG TI A new model for the travel cost method: the total expenses approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE travel cost method (TCM); recreation site; benefits; consumer surplus ID SALTWATER BEACH DAYS; RECREATIONAL DEMAND; TOURISTS AB This paper discusses the empirical and theoretical underpinnings of the travel cost method (TCM) for estimating nonmarket benefits at an outdoor recreation site. The conventional TCM model is simple to use and provides results that are easy to interpret. However, it does not describe the actual behavior of recreationists as they purchase goods and services for the purpose of making trips to an outdoor recreation site. There is an alternative model that is more congruent with the empirical behavior of recreationists. This model is called the multi-commodity or total expenses TCM model. The total expenses model can also be used to estimate the nonmarket benefits provided by trips to an outdoor recreation site. Moreover, the total expenses model can be derived from the conventional basic postulates of utility maximization. Our purpose in delineating the total expenses model is not to replace the conventional model, but to provide an alternative model. We apply this model to survey data gathered from Trinity River recreationists, and estimate annual nonmarket benefits conferred from recreation activities of US$406 million. 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Douglas, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, 5412 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 1999 VL 14 IS 1 BP 81 EP 92 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155AG UT WOS:000077922900008 ER PT J AU Saiki, MK Monda, DP Bellerud, BL AF Saiki, MK Monda, DP Bellerud, BL TI Lethal levels of selected water quality variables to larval and juvenile Lost River and shortnose suckers SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE dissolved oxygen; water quality; upper klamath lake; Chasmistes brevirostris; Deltistes luxatus AB Resource managers hypothesize that occasional fish kills during summer-early fall in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, may be linked to unfavorable water quality conditions created by massive algal blooms. In a preliminary effort to address this concern, short-term (96-h-long) laboratory tests were conducted with larval and juvenile Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose (Chasmistes brevirostris) suckers to determine the upper median lethal concentrations (LC(50)s; also referred to as median tolerance limits) for pH, un-ionized ammonia, and water temperature, and the lower LC(50)s for dissolved oxygen. The mean LC(50)s varied among species and life stages as follows: for PH, 10.30-10.39; for un-ionized ammonia, 0.48-1.06 mg litre(-1); for temperature, 30.35-31.82 degrees C; and for dissolved oxygen, 1.34-2.10 mg litre(-1). Comparisons of 95% confidence limits indicated that, on average, the 96-h LC(50)s were not significantly different from those computed for shorter exposure times (i.e., 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h). According to two-way analysis of variance, LC(50)s for the four water quality variables did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) between fish species. However, LC(50)s for PH (exposure times of 24 h and 48 h) and dissolved oxygen (exposure times of 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h) differed significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) between life stages, whereas LC(50)s for un-ionized ammonia and water temperature did not exhibit significant differences. In general, larvae were more sensitive than juveniles to high PH and low dissolved oxygen concentrations. When compared to ambient water quality conditions in Upper Klamath Lake, our results strongly suggest that near-anoxic conditions associated with the senescence phase of algal blooms are most likely to cause high mortalities of larval and juvenile suckers. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dixon Duty Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Saiki, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dixon Duty Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM michael_saiki@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1999 VL 105 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00212-7 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 171KD UT WOS:000078862000005 ER PT J AU Havel, M Peters, NE Cerny, J AF Havel, M Peters, NE Cerny, J TI Longitudinal patterns of stream chemistry in a catchment with forest dieback, Czech Republic SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Norway spruce; acidification; nitrogen; sulfur; biogeochemistry ID BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; NEW-YORK; HUBBARD-BROOK; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; ADIRONDACK REGION; WATER CHEMISTRY; KRUSNE HORY; MOUNTAINS; ALUMINUM; ACIDIFICATION AB Longitudinal streamwater sampling in a 210-ha forested catchment (Jezeri), Czech Republic, was conducted approximately quarterly from August 1992 through August 1994. The catchment has been severely impacted by atmospheric deposition of pollutants and subsequent landscape manipulation for reforestation. The impact and landscape manipulations decrease with decreasing elevation. The concentration patterns reflect processes and dynamics that are not apparent from long-term monitoring at the basin outlet. Streamwater concentrations of many solutes are highly correlated with elevation, vegetation cover and landscape history. Concentrations of sulphate (SO42-), the dominant anion, increased downstream. Low SO42- concentrations at the highest elevations are attributed to a decrease in dry S deposition due to the loss of the forest canopy from Norway spruce dieback and subsequent logging. Furthermore, liming and higher moisture content and water movement through the soils in the headwaters increases S mobility, resulting in lower SO42- concentrations at higher elevations. In contrast, highest nitrate (NO3-) concentrations (300 mu eq liter(-1)) occurred at the highest elevations, decreased downstream to XO mu eq liter(-1) at the outlet, and the rate of change in concentration was the most pronounced in the headwaters. The NO3- pattern is attributed to increased nitrification of the forest floor due to landscape excavation for drainage and reforestation, and liming (dolomitic lime). The N demand by 10-25-year-old reforested vegetation at mid elevations (705-800 m above sea level) is much greater than in the very young regrowth and open areas at the highest elevations, causing concentrations to decrease through this zone. Streamwater NO3- concentrations also vary seasonally due to vegetation demand during the growing season; but high NO3- concentrations (> 50 mu eq liter(-1)) persist at all sites, indicating N saturation. High streamwater calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) concentrations and low to moderate alkalinity (ALK) in the limed, deforested and reforested areas also occur, particularly during low runoff periods. ALK and hydrogen ion (H+), fluoride (F-) and dissolved aluminum (Al-DIS) concentrations are highly correlated, particularly H+ and Al-DIS The low streamwater ALK tin 90% of the samples ALK is less than 50 mu eq liter(-1)), moderately low pH tin 45% of the samples pH is less than 5.6) and the correlation with Al-DIS suggests that the acid-base status is controlled by inorganic Al and organic complexes of Al and F. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. Czech Geol Survey, Prague 1, Czech Republic. RP Peters, NE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3039 Amwiler Rd,Suite 130, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1999 VL 104 IS 1 BP 157 EP 167 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00046-3 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 159MT UT WOS:000078178000017 ER PT J AU Fabacher, DL Little, EE Ostrander, GK AF Fabacher, DL Little, EE Ostrander, GK TI Tolerance of an albino fish to ultraviolet-B radiation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fish; medaka; melanin; outer skin layers; photoprotection; photoprotective substance; pigment; skin pigmentation; tolerance; ultraviolet-B radiation; UVB radiation ID MELANIN; SKIN; PHOTOREPAIR AB We exposed albino and pigmented medaka Oryzias latipes to simulated solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation to determine if albino medaka were less tolerant of UVB radiation than medaka pigmented with melanin. There was no difference in the number of albino and pigmented medaka that died during the exposure period. Spectrophotometric analyses of the outer dorsal skin layers from albino and pigmented medaka indicated that, prior to exposure, both groups of fish had similar amounts of an apparent colorless non-melanin photoprotective substance that appears to protect other fish species from WE radiation. Our results indicate that albino medaka were as tolerant of UVB radiation as pigmented medaka because they had similar amounts of this photoprotective substance in the outer layers of the skin. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Comparat Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Fabacher, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA RUDOLF-DIESEL-STR 3, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 1999 VL 6 IS 2 BP 69 EP 71 DI 10.1007/BF02987550 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 187RK UT WOS:000079800500003 PM 19009405 ER PT J AU Calfee, RD Little, EE Cleveland, L Barron, MG AF Calfee, RD Little, EE Cleveland, L Barron, MG TI Photoenhanced toxicity of a weathered oil on Ceriodaphnia dubia reproduction SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ceriodaphnia; PAHs; petroleum hydrocarbons; photoenhanced toxicity; reproduction; solar simulator; ultraviolet radiation; water accommodated fraction; weathered oil ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; PHOTOTOXICITY; INVERTEBRATES; WATER; SPILL; ANTHRACENE; RADIATION; MODELS AB Traditionally, the toxic effects of petroleum have been investigated by conducting studies in the absence of ultraviolet radiation (UV). Photomediated toxicity is often not considered, and the toxic effects of an oil spill can be grossly underestimated. The toxicity of a weathered oil collected from a monitoring well at an abandoned oil field to Ceriodaphnia dubia was examined in the presence of UV A solar simulator equipped with WE, UVA, and cool white lamps was used to generate environmentally comparable solar radiation intensities. C. dubia were exposed to six concentrations of water accommodated fractions (WAF) of weathered oil in conjunction with three levels of laboratory simulated UV (Reference = < 0.002 mu W/cm(2) UVB; 3.0 mu W/cm(2) UVA; Low = 0.30 mu W/cm(2) UVB; 75.0 mu W/cm(2) UVA; High = 2.0 mu W/cm(2) UVB; 340.0 mu W/cm(2) UVA) and visible light. Seven day static renewal bioassays were used to characterize WAF/UV toxicity. WAF toxicity significantly (p < 0.05) increased when the organisms were exposed to WAF in the presence of UV. The photoenhanced toxicity of the WAF increased with WAF concentration within each UV regime. Relative to the reference light regime, the average number of neonates from adults exposed to 1.6 mg TPH/L decreased significantly by 20% within the low light regime, and by 60% within the high light regime. These results indicate that or ganisms exposed to dissolved-phase weathered oil in the presence of environmentally realistic solar radiation, exhibit 1.3-2.5 times greater sensitivity, relative to organisms exposed under traditional laboratory fluorescent lighting. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Stratus Consulting Inc, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Calfee, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 11 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA RUDOLF-DIESEL-STR 3, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 1999 VL 6 IS 4 BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.1007/BF02987329 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 248JP UT WOS:000083271600006 PM 19005664 ER PT J AU McMahon, PB Dennehy, KF AF McMahon, PB Dennehy, KF TI N2O emissions from a nitrogen-enriched river SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE EMISSIONS; WATER-TABLE; DENITRIFICATION; FLUXES; OZONE AB Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from the South Platte River in Colorado were measured using closed chambers in the fall, winter, and summer of 1994-1995. The South Platte River was enriched in inorganic N (9-800 mu M) derived from municipal wastewater effluent and groundwater return flows from irrigated agricultural fields. River water was as much as 2500% supersaturated with N2O, and median N2O emission rates from the river surface ranged from less than 90 to 32 600 mu g-N m(-2) d(-1). Seventy-nine percent of the variance in N2O emission rates was explained by concentrations of total inorganic N in river water and by water temperature. The estimated total annual N2O emissions from the South Platte River were 2 x 10(13)-6 x 10(13) mu g-N yr(-1). This amount of annual N2O emissions was similar to the estimated annual N2O emissions from all primary municipal wastewater treatment processes in the United States (I). Results from this study indicate that N-enriched rivers could be important anthropogenic sources of N2O to the atmosphere. However, N2O emission measurements from other N-enriched rivers are needed to better quantify this source. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP McMahon, PB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pmcmahon@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 33 IS 1 BP 21 EP 25 DI 10.1021/es980645n PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155NW UT WOS:000077954100022 ER PT J AU Short, JW Kvenvolden, KA Carlson, PR Hostettler, FD Rosenbauer, RJ Wright, BA AF Short, JW Kvenvolden, KA Carlson, PR Hostettler, FD Rosenbauer, RJ Wright, BA TI Natural hydrocarbon background in benthic sediments of Prince William Sound, Alaska: Oil vs coal SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXXON-VALDEZ-OIL; SUBTIDAL SEDIMENTS; SPILL; RESIDUES; TISSUES AB The source of the background hydrocarbons in benthic sediments of Prince William Sound (PWS), AK, where the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) occurred, has been ascribed to oil seeps in coastal areas of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). We present evidence that coal is a more plausible source, including (i) high concentrations of total PAH (TPAH), between 1670 and 3070 ng/g, in continental shelf sediments adjacent to the coastal region containing extensive coal deposits; (ii) PAH composition patterns of sediments along with predictive models that are consistent with coal but not oil; (iii) low ratios (<0.2) of triaromatic steranes to methylchrysenes found in sediments and coals, contrasting with the high ratios (11 and 13) found in seep oil; and (iv) bioaccumulation of PAH in salmon collected within 100 m of the Katalla oil seeps but not in filter-feeding mussels collected near oilfield drainages 9 km from the seeps, indicating negligible transport of bioavailable PAH from Katalla seeps to the GOA. In contrast with oil, PAH in coal are not bioavailable, so the presence of coal in these benthic sediments confers no adaptive benefit to biota of the marine ecosystem with respect to PAH insults from anthropogenic sources. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Short, JW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Jeff.Short@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 33 IS 1 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1021/es980130w PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155NW UT WOS:000077954100024 ER PT J AU Ryan, JN Elimelech, M Ard, RA Harvey, RW Johnson, PR AF Ryan, JN Elimelech, M Ard, RA Harvey, RW Johnson, PR TI Bacteriophage PRD1 and silica colloid transport and recovery in an iron oxide-coated sand aquifer SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT TRACER TEST; POROUS-MEDIA; NATURAL-GRADIENT; VIRUS ADSORPTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; CAPE-COD; CHEMICAL PERTURBATIONS; REDUCTIVE DISSOLUTION; DEPOSITION KINETICS; MINERAL SURFACES AB Bacteriophage PRD1 and silica colloids were co-injected into sewage-contaminated and uncontaminated zones of an iron oxide-coated sand aquifer on Cape God, MA, and their transport was monitored over distances up to 6 m in three arrays. After deposition, the attached PRD1 and silica colloids were mobilized by three different chemical perturbations (elevated pH, anionic surfactant, and reductant). PRD1 and silica colloids experienced less attenuation in the contaminated zone where adsorbed organic: matter and phosphate may be hindering attachment of PRD1 and silica colloids to the iron oxide coatings. The PRD1 collision efficiencies agree well with collision efficiencies predicted by assuming favorable PRD1 deposition on iron oxide coatings for which the surface area coverage was measured by microprobe analysis of sediment thin sections. zeta potentials of the PRD1, silica colloids, and aquifer grains corroborated the transport results, indicating that electrostatic forces dominated the attachment of PRD1 and silica colloids. Elevated pH was the chemical perturbation most effective at mobilizing the attached PRD1 and silica colloids. Elevated surfactant concentration mobilized the attached PRD1 and silica colloids more effectively in the contaminated zone than in the uncontaminated zone. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Environm Engn Program, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Ryan, JN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Campus Box 428, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM joe.ryan@colorado.edu RI Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012; Elimelech, Menachem/E-7137-2012; Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Elimelech, Menachem/0000-0003-4186-1563; Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 NR 73 TC 154 Z9 157 U1 6 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 33 IS 1 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1021/es980350+ PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155NW UT WOS:000077954100028 ER PT J AU Horowitz, AJ Elrick, KA Cook, RB AF Horowitz, AJ Elrick, KA Cook, RB TI Comment on "Phase associations and mobilization of iron and trace elements in Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID EXTRACTION; SEDIMENTS; GEOCHEMISTRY; USA C1 US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Geol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Horowitz, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Suite 130,3039 Amwiler Rd, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 33 IS 1 BP 201 EP 202 DI 10.1021/es980498t PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155NW UT WOS:000077954100048 ER PT S AU Fairchild, JF Little, EE AF Fairchild, JF Little, EE BE Henshel, DS Black, MC Harrass, MC TI Use of behavioral endpoints to determine protective concentrations of the insecticide fonofos for bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: STANDARDIZATION OF BIOMARKERS FOR ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT: EIGHTH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Standardization of Biomarkers for Endocrine Disruption and Environmental Assessment CY APR 20-22, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Comm E 47 Biol Effects & Environm Fate DE bluegill; fonofos; insecticide; behavior; sublethal toxicity; mesocosm ID ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDE; TOXICITY TESTS; RESPONSES; EXPOSURES; HAZARD; FIELD AB This research compared the results of laboratory and mesocosm studies to determine the effectiveness of using behavioral measures of sublethal exposure to define environmental concentration ranges that are protective of free-ranging populations of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) exposed to the organophophate insecticide fonofos. Thirty-day laboratory chronic studies were conducted to determine the relative sensitivity of standard (e.g. survival and growth) and non-standard behavioral (e.g. swimming capacity, feeding efficiency, and aggression) endpoints in predicting concentrations of fonofos protective of bluegill growth and survival. The lowest observable effect concentration (LOECs) for the standard measures of survival and growth was 5.6 mu g/L. Two behavioral endpoints were of similar sensitivity to the standard measures: swimming capacity, LOEC of 5.6 mu g/L; and prey strike frequency, LOEC of 5.6 mu g/L. However, aggressive interactions were ten-fold more sensitive than swimming or feeding behavior with a LOEC occurring at 0.6 mu g/L. Lab results were compared to an aquatic mesocosm study which exposed adult and juvenile bluegill to a 9.41 mu g/L concentration of fonofos. The dissipation half-life of fonofos was 5 days in 0.1 hectare aquatic mesocosms. Significant mortality among caged bluegill occurred within 4 days of exposure at 9.41 mu g/L. However, the 9.41 mu g/L concentration of fonofos had no statistically significant effects on survival, growth, reproduction, or total biomass of free-ranging populations of bluegill. We conclude from these studies that laboratory data can accurately estimate concentrations that are Lethal in the field and that the use of behavioral endpoints can provide ecologically relevant, yet conservative estimates of concentrations that are protective of field populations. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Fairchild, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2618-2 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1364 BP 387 EP 400 DI 10.1520/STP15817S PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BN98X UT WOS:000083766000023 ER PT J AU Nico, LG Fuller, PL AF Nico, LG Fuller, PL TI Spatial and temporal patterns of nonindigenous fish introductions in the United States SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB In 1978 biologists in Gainesville, Florida, began compiling records on the distribution and status of nonindigenous fishes known in U.S. inland waters. The database, now in electronic format, currently contains approximately 17,000 records representing more than 500 nonindigenous fish taxa (i.e., species, hybrids, and unidentified forms). Of these taxa, 317 (61%) are native to the United States but have been introduced by humans into U.S. drainages outside their natural geographic ranges; 185 (35%) are fishes introduced from foreign countries; and 22 (4%) are hybrids. Of the introduced foreign fish taxa, 71 (38%) are species that have established (i.e., reproducing) or possibly established populations in open U.S. waters. The database is a useful tool for natural resource managers and other decision makers. Although we periodically revise records and constantly enter new ones, our database is fairly updated; thus, we are able to more thoroughly analyze patterns of introduction and the spread of nonindigenous fishes within the United States. Moreover, information gaps exposed by the data set should serve to stimulate and guide future research on nonindigenous fishes. This paper introduces our database and provides an overview of temporal and spatial patterns of nonindigenous fish distributions in U.S. inland waters. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Nonindigenous Fishes Res Program, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Nico, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Nonindigenous Fishes Res Program, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM Leo_Nico@usgs.gov NR 62 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JAN PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1 BP 16 EP 27 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(1999)024<0016:SATPON>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 151CC UT WOS:000077702400003 ER PT J AU Toole-O'Neil, B Tewalt, SJ Finkelman, RB Akers, DJ AF Toole-O'Neil, B Tewalt, SJ Finkelman, RB Akers, DJ TI Mercury concentration in coal - unraveling the puzzle SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE coal; COALQUAL; mercury; cleanability AB Based on data from the US Geological Survey's COALQUAL database, the mean concentration of mercury in coal is approximately 0.2 mu g g(-1). Assuming the database reflects in-ground US coal resources, values for conterminous US coal areas range from 0.08 mu g g(-1) for coal in the San Juan and Uinta regions to 0.22 mu g g(-1) for the Gulf Coast lignites. Recalculating the COALQUAL data to an equal energy basis unadjusted for moisture differences, the Gulf Coast lignites have the highest values (36.4 lb of Hg/10(12) Btu) and the Hams Fork region coal has the lowest value (4.8 lb of Hg/10(12) Btu). Strong indirect geochemical evidence indicates that a substantial proportion of the mercury in coal is associated with pyrite occurrence. This association of mercury and pyrite Probably accounts for the removal of mercury with the pyrite by physical coal cleaning procedures. Data from the literature indicate that conventional coal cleaning removes approximately 37% of the mercury on an equal energy basis, with a range of 0% to 78%. When the average mercury reduction value is applied to in-ground mercury values from the COALQUAL database, the resulting 'cleaned' mercury values are very close to mercury in 'as-shipped' coal from the same coal bed in the same county. Applying the reduction factor for coal cleaning to eastern US bituminous coal, reduces the mercury input load compared to lower-rank non-cleaned western US coal. In the absence of analytical data on as-shipped coal, the mercury data in the COALQUAL database, adjusted for cleanability where appropriate, may be used as an estimator of mercury contents of as-shipped coal. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. CQ Inc, Homer City, PA 15748 USA. RP Finkelman, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 28 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JAN PY 1999 VL 78 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(98)00112-4 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 157CL UT WOS:000078041800005 ER PT J AU Fishman, NS Rice, CA Breit, GN Johnson, RD AF Fishman, NS Rice, CA Breit, GN Johnson, RD TI Sulfur-bearing coatings on fly ash from a coal-fired power plant: composition, origin, and influence on ash alteration SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Ash Utilization Symposium CY 1997 CL LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY DE ash; sulfur-coatings; alteration ID COMBUSTION WASTES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; STATIONS AB Fly ash samples collected from two locations in the exhaust stream of a coal-fired power plant differ markedly with respect to the abundance of thin (approximate to 0.1 mu m) sulfur-rich surface coatings that are observable by scanning electron microscopy. The coatings, tentatively identified as an aluminum-potassium-sulfate phase, probably form upon reaction between condensed sulfuric acid aerosols and glass surfaces, and are preferentially concentrated on ash exposed to exhaust stream gases for longer. The coatings are highly soluble and if sufficiently abundant, can impart an acidic pH to solutions initially in contact with ash. These observations suggest that proposals for ash use and predictions of ash behavior during disposal should consider the transient, acid-generating potential of some ash fractions and the possible effects on initial ash leachability and alteration. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Fishman, NS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JAN PY 1999 VL 78 IS 2 BP 187 EP 196 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(98)00146-X PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 157CP UT WOS:000078042100012 ER PT J AU Robbins, EI Cravotta, CA Savela, CE Nord, GL AF Robbins, EI Cravotta, CA Savela, CE Nord, GL TI Hydrobiogeochemical interactions in 'anoxic' limestone drains for neutralization of acidic mine drainage SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Ash Utilization Symposium CY 1997 CL LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY DE aluminite; biofilms; epilithic bacteria; gibbsite; limestone armoring; anoxic limestone drains; acid mine drainage ID SURFACE WATERS; IRON; ALUMINUM; BACTERIA; SULFATE AB Processes affecting neutralization of acidic coal mine drainage were evaluated within 'anoxic' limestone drains (ALDs). Influents had pH less than or equal to 3.5 and dissolved oxygen < 2 mg/l. Even though effluents were near neutral (pH > 6 and alkalinity > acidity), two of the four ALDs were failing due to clogging. Mineral-saturation indices indicated the potential for dissolution of calcite and gypsum, and precipitation of Al3+ and Fe3+ compounds. Cleavage mounts of calcite and gypsum that were suspended within the ALDs and later examined microscopically showed dissolution features despite coatings by numerous bacteria, biofilms, and Fe-Al-Si precipitates. In the drain exhibiting the greatest flow reduction, Al-hydroxysulfates had accumulated on limestone surfaces and calcite etch points, thus causing the decline in transmissivity and dissolution. Therefore, where Al loadings are high and flow rates are low, a pre-treatment step is indicated to promote Al removal before diverting acidic mine water into alkalinity-producing materials. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Lemoyne, PA 17043 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Robbins, EI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM nrobbins@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JAN PY 1999 VL 78 IS 2 BP 259 EP 270 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(98)00147-1 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 157CP UT WOS:000078042100020 ER PT J AU Normark, WR AF Normark, WR TI Late Pleistocene channel-levee development on Monterey submarine fan, central California SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEEP-SEA FAN; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; GROWTH-PATTERN; SYSTEM; CANYON AB Much of the modern upper (proximal) Monterey fan is a channel-levee complex, the Upper Turbidite Sequence (UTS), that was deeply eroded after the channel breached a volcanic ridge to reach a deeper base level. Ages of sediment samples collected with the ALVIN submersible from the deepest outcrop within the channel-levee system, 390 m below the adjacent western levee crest, indicate that the UTS deposits accumulated at greater than or equal to 1 m ka(-1) during the last 500 ka. Neogene and Early Pleistocene sediment accumulation on the fan prior to the UTS was much slower (<0.03 m ka(-1)), and underlying turbidite systems(?) had substantially different morphologic expression(s). C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Normark, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 18 IS 3 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1007/s003670050066 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 168DB UT WOS:000078674800001 ER PT B AU White, AF Bullen, TD Vivit, DV Schulz, MS Blum, AE AF White, AF Bullen, TD Vivit, DV Schulz, MS Blum, AE BE Armannsson, H TI Invited lecture: The effect of climate on chemical weathering of silicate rocks SO GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Geochemistry of the Earth Surface CY AUG 16-20, 1999 CL REYKJAVIK, ICELAND ID CARBON-CYCLE; TEMPERATURE; CO2 AB Climate, principally temperature and precipitation, has been proposed as a linkage by which the rates of surficial weathering of silicates closely balance rates of atmospheric CO2 production, thus promoting stable climatic conditions that permit life on earth. Such a feedback mechanism however is not universally accepted particularly in relationship to natural weathering systems on the scale of watersheds and river basins. The present paper reviews the available literature related to the effect of climate on chemical fluxes in such systems. It discusses new experimental data related to the magnitude of temperature effect on weathering of multi-mineralic granitoid rocks and presents additional data and revised activation energies that describe temperature-dependent silica fluxes in a global distribution of small watersheds. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP White, AF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-073-6 PY 1999 BP 79 EP 82 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BN63U UT WOS:000082439800018 ER PT B AU Nordstrom, DK AF Nordstrom, DK BE Armannsson, H TI Invited lecture: Consilience and conciliation: The need for less human impact and more humane impact SO GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Geochemistry of the Earth Surface CY AUG 16-20, 1999 CL REYKJAVIK, ICELAND ID GROUNDWATER; INDIA AB "For the material world at least, the momentum is overwhelmingly toward conceptual unity. Disciplinary boundaries with the natural sciences are disappearing, to be replaced by shifting hybrid domains in which consilience is implicit" (Wilson 1998). This statement is more profound and deeper than our usual pronouncements for more holistic environmental perceptions - it calls for the unity of all knowledge. Combining consilience with conciliation is the means by which we can hope to attain sustainability, minimize degradation of our environment, and heal relationships between individuals, between communities, and between ourselves and nature. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Nordstrom, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-073-6 PY 1999 BP 139 EP 142 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BN63U UT WOS:000082439800033 ER PT B AU Jones, BF Spencer, RJ AF Jones, BF Spencer, RJ BE Armannsson, H TI Invited lecture: Clay mineral diagenesis at Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA SO GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Geochemistry of the Earth Surface CY AUG 16-20, 1999 CL REYKJAVIK, ICELAND ID BASIN AB X-ray diffraction and major element chemical analysis of the fine clay fraction in lacustrine sediment deposited since similar to 25KA from the Great Salt Lake and adjacent Bonneville salt flats are compared with colloidal sediment from inflow streams. Results indicate that diagenesis in such environments involves authigenesis of magnesium silicate from saline pore fluids through interstratification with detrital smectite. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Jones, BF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-073-6 PY 1999 BP 293 EP 297 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BN63U UT WOS:000082439800070 ER PT B AU Bullen, TD White, AF Huntington, TG Peters, NE AF Bullen, TD White, AF Huntington, TG Peters, NE BE Armannsson, H TI A new approach for determining the Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio of the 'granitoid weathering component' SO GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Geochemistry of the Earth Surface CY AUG 16-20, 1999 CL REYKJAVIK, ICELAND ID SOIL CHRONOSEQUENCE; SR ISOTOPES AB Sr isotopes can be used in granitoid catchment studies to partition base cations to mineral weathering and atmospheric sources if the Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio provided by each source can be quantified. Although the Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio of the atmospheric component is relatively easy to quantify, the Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio of the weathering component is more difficult to quantify due mainly to incongruent weathering. To determine the Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio of the weathering component, we propose a graphical method in which the array of Nb/Sr and Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios of weathering residues in a rock or soil profile is regressed to the Nb-free component. We apply the technique to weathering profiles at a catchment in the Georgia (USA) Piedmont, and show that the calculated Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio of the weathering component is that of plagioclase in the bedrock weathering environment, and on average that of stream baseflow in the saprolite and colluvium weathering environments. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Bullen, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-073-6 PY 1999 BP 369 EP 372 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BN63U UT WOS:000082439800088 ER PT B AU Kharaka, YK Thordsen, JJ Evans, WC AF Kharaka, YK Thordsen, JJ Evans, WC BE Armannsson, H TI Crustal fluids: CO2 of mantle and crustal origins in the San Andreas fault system, California SO GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Geochemistry of the Earth Surface CY AUG 16-20, 1999 CL REYKJAVIK, ICELAND ID ZONES; EARTHQUAKES AB Chemical and isotopic analyses of water and gases were determined from 44 thermal and saline springs and wells located near the San Andreas fault system to investigate the role of fluids in the dynamics of this major plate-bounding fault. Results indicate that the waters are mainly of meteoric origin, with shallow to moderate circulation depths (down to 6 km). The chemical compositions of water and gases are highly variable, controlled mainly by the enclosing rock types. However, compositions and isotope abundances of noble gases and delta(13)C values of HCO3 indicate a significant (up to 50%) mantle component for volatiles. Because upper mantle gases are dominated by CO2 (C/He-3 similar to 10(10)), model calculations yield high CO2 flux values of 0.001-1 kg CO2/(km(2)-s). The highest CO2 fluxes are from fluids in the Franciscan assemblage, where C and He isotopes indicate a dominantly crustal source for CO2. Presently we are measuring the surficial and dissolved CO2 fluxes and C isotopes over two large drainage areas where data from springs are available. Preliminary results yield total (uncorrected for soil CO2) values of similar to 0.001-1 kg CO2/(km(2)-s). Numerical simulations indicate that the CO2 flux values, extrapolated to seismogenic depths, are sufficient to generate lithostatic fluid pressures, and thus explain the mechanical weakness of this fault. Furthermore, the model times required to increase fluid pressures to lithostatic values are comparable to those of earthquake cycles. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Kharaka, YK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-073-6 PY 1999 BP 515 EP 518 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BN63U UT WOS:000082439800123 ER PT J AU Fountain, AG Vecchia, A AF Fountain, AG Vecchia, A TI How many stakes are required to measure the mass balance of a glacier? SO GEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A-PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE glaciers; mass balance; statistics AB Glacier mass balance is estimated for South Cascade Glacier and Maclure Glacier using a one-dimensional regression of mass balance with altitude as an alternative to the traditional approach of contouring mass balance values. One attractive feature of regression is that it can be applied to sparse data sets where contouring is not possible and can provide an objective error of the resulting estimate. Regression methods yielded mass balance values equivalent to contouring methods. The effect of the number of mass balance measurements on the final value for the glacier showed that sample sizes as small as five stakes provided reasonable estimates, although the error estimates were greater than for larger sample sizes. Different spatial patterns of measurement locations showed no appreciable influence on the final value as long as different surface altitudes were intermittently sampled over the altitude range of the glacier. Two different regression equations were examined, a quadratic, and a piecewise linear spline, and comparison of results showed little sensitivity to the type of equation. These results point to the dominant effect of the gradient of mass balance with altitude of alpine glaciers compared to transverse variations. The number of mass balance measurements required to determine the glacier balance appears to be scale invariant for small glaciers and five to ten stakes are sufficient. C1 Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Geog, Portland, OR 97207 USA. US Geol Survey, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Fountain, AG (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. NR 17 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0435-3676 J9 GEOGR ANN A JI Geogr. Ann. Ser. A-Phys. Geogr. PY 1999 VL 81A IS 4 BP 563 EP 573 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 279HE UT WOS:000085037700010 ER PT J AU Krimmel, RM AF Krimmel, RM TI Analysis of difference between direct and geodetic mass balance measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington SO GEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A-PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB Net mass balance has been measured since 1958 at South Cascade Glacier using the 'direct method,' e.g. area averages of snow gain and firn and ice loss at stakes. Analysis of cartographic vertical photography has allowed measurement of mass balance using the 'geodetic method' in 1970, 1975, 1977, 1979-80, and 1985-97. Water equivalent change as measured by these nearly independent methods should give similar results. During 1970-97, the direct method shows a cumulative balance of about -15 m, and the geodetic method shows a cumulative balance of about -22 m. The deviation between the two methods is fairly consistent, suggesting no gross errors in either, bur rather a cut mulative systematic error. It is suspected that the cumulative error is in the direct method because the geodetic method is based on a non-changing reference, the bedrock control, whereas the direct method is measured with reference to only the previous year's summer surface. Possible sources of mass loss that are missing from the direct method are basal melt, internal melt, and ablation on crevasse walls. Possible systematic measurement errors include under-estimation of the density of lost material, sinking stakes, or poorly represented areas. C1 US Geol Survey, Ice & Climate Project, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Krimmel, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ice & Climate Project, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. NR 10 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0435-3676 J9 GEOGR ANN A JI Geogr. Ann. Ser. A-Phys. Geogr. PY 1999 VL 81A IS 4 BP 653 EP 658 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 279HE UT WOS:000085037700019 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, LA Krimmel, RM AF Rasmussen, LA Krimmel, RM TI Using vertical aerial photography to estimate mass balance at a point SO GEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A-PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB The mass balance distribution over a 0.5 km(2) area of the lower part of South Cascade Glacier is obtained from remotely sensed measurements of its geometry and velocity field over two periods, 1992-93 and 1993-94. Vertical aerial photography from late summer 1992, 1993, and 1994 is analyzed photogrammetrically to get surface topography of South Cascade Glacier on a 100-meter square grid. The known bed topography is subtracted from the surface topography to get the ice thickness, and the surface topographies are subtracted from each other to get the thickness change. Annual displacement vectors, determined at points where natural features could be tracked from one year to the next, are contoured by hand and interpolated to me grid. Assuming that the ice follows Glen's flow law with exponent n = 3, and that 10% of the ice flow is due to sliding at the bed, the surface velocity is scaled by 0.82 to get the average velocity in the vertical ice column. The average velocities are combined with the thicknesses to calculate the flux divergence at each of 46 gridpoints on a 100-m square grid, where it is subtracted from the thickness change to get the mass balance. Use of the same control points from year to year makes any systematic error in photogrammetric coordinates temporally constant, so,such error has no effect on the mass balance estimate. Random error in coordinates is assumed to be uncorrelated from coordinate to coordinate, from point to point, from year to year; the standard error is estimated to be 1 m, resulting in a standard error in coordinate differences of about 1.5 m. A 1 m error in a vertical coordinate has nearly twice the effect on the estimated balance that one in a horizontal coordinate has and more than ten times the effect that one in ice thickness has. Compared with measurements at a stake, the estimated balances are about 1 m too negative. C1 Univ Washington, Geophys Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Ice & Climate Project, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. RP Rasmussen, LA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Geophys Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0435-3676 J9 GEOGR ANN A JI Geogr. Ann. Ser. A-Phys. Geogr. PY 1999 VL 81A IS 4 BP 725 EP 733 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 279HE UT WOS:000085037700026 ER PT J AU Trabant, DC March, RS AF Trabant, DC March, RS TI Mass-balance measurements in Alaska and suggestions for simplified observation programs SO GEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A-PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GLACIERS AB US Geological Survey glacier fieldwork in Alaska includes repetitious measurements, corrections for leaning or bending stakes, an ability to reliably measure seasonal snow as deep as 10 m, absolute identification of summer surfaces in the accumulation area, and annual evaluation of internal accumulation, internal ablation, and glacier-thickness changes. Prescribed field measurement and note-taking techniques help eliminate field errors and expedite the interpretative process. In the office, field notes are transferred to computerized spreadsheets for analysis, release on the World Wide Web, and archival storage. The spreadsheets have error traps to help eliminate notetaking and transcription errors. Rigorous error analysis ends when mass-balance measurements are extrapolated and integrated with area to determine glacier and basin mass balances. Unassessable errors in the glacier and basin mass-balance data reduce the value of the data set for correlations with climate change indices. The minimum glacier mass-balance program has at least three measurement sites on a glacier and the measurements must include the seasonal components of mass balance as well as the annual balance. C1 US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Trabant, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 75-7300, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0435-3676 J9 GEOGR ANN A JI Geogr. Ann. Ser. A-Phys. Geogr. PY 1999 VL 81A IS 4 BP 777 EP 789 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 279HE UT WOS:000085037700031 ER PT J AU Mueller, KJ Cerveny, PK Perkins, ME Snee, LW AF Mueller, KJ Cerveny, PK Perkins, ME Snee, LW TI Chronology of polyphase extension in the Windermere Hills, northeast Nevada SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; EAST HUMBOLDT RANGE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; RUBY MOUNTAINS; WOOD HILLS; TECTONOTHERMAL EVOLUTION; TECTONIC DENUDATION; NORMAL FAULTS; VOLCANISM; HINTERLAND AB Fission-track and Ar-40/Ar-39 dating and chemical correlation of volcanic strata exposed in the Windermere Hips and northern Pequop Mountains, northeast Nevada, indicate a protracted, polyphase history of Tertiary (late Eocene-late Miocene) extension along the northern margin of a major Cordilleran metamorphic core complex. Early extension is recorded by a west-tilted half graben filled with early Oligocene (34.79 +/- 0.18-39.18 +/- 0.12 Ma) sedimentary rocks in the eastern Windermere Hills above the low-angle Black Mountain detachment fault. The early Oligocene half graben conformably overlies a widespread suite of late Eocene (39.18 +/- 0.12-40.38 +/- 0.06 Ma) calc-alkaline volcanic rocks, reflecting a temporal link between early extension at a high structural level and the end of the ignimbrite flare-up, These strata are cut by east-west-striking normal faults, which are exposed along, and parallel to, the northern margin of the metamorphic complex.; Available age data (e.g., between 14.93 +/- 0.08 and 34.79 +/- 0.18 Ma) permit the interpretation that the east-west-striking faults formed at the same time as, or after, large-magnitude unroofing of high-grade rocks. We interpret the east-west-striking faults to accommodate differential uplift of greenschist-grade metamorphic rocks in the upper crust, above a lateral ramp in a west-northwest-directed mylonitic shear zone. Subsequent extension in the Windermere Hills is defined by deep, rapidly filled half grabens of middle Miocene (<7.42 +/- 2.0 to 14.93 +/- 0.08 Ma) age that unconformably overlie older faults and synextensional deposits. These are the youngest half grabens in the region and are inferred to be initiated by extensional stresses imparted to the base of the lithosphere by a laterally spreading mantle plume (e.g,, the Yellow-stone hotspot) located in southeastern Oregon at this time. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Mueller, KJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 111 IS 1 BP 11 EP 27 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0011:COPEIT>2.3.CO;2 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 155ED UT WOS:000077932500002 ER PT J AU du Bray, EA Pallister, JS AF du Bray, EA Pallister, JS TI Recrystallization and anatexis along the plutonic-volcanic contact of the Turkey Creek caldera, Arizona SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB Unusual geologic and geochemical relations are preserved along the contact between intracaldera tuff and a resurgent intrusion within the 26.9 Ma Turkey Creek caldera of southeast Arizona. Thick intracaldera tuff is weakly argillically altered throughout, except in zones within several hundred meters of its contact with the resurgent intrusion, where the groundmass of the tuff has been variably converted to granophyre and unaltered sanidine phenocrysts are present. Dikes of similarly granophyric material originate at the tuff-resurgent intrusion contact and intrude overlying intracaldera megabreccia and tuff. Field relations indicate that the resurgent intrusion is a laccolith and that it caused local partial melting of adjacent intracaldera tuff. Geochemical and petrographic relations indicate that small volumes of partially melted intracaldera tuff assimilated and mixed with dacite of the resurgent intrusion along their contact, resulting in rocks that have petrographic and compositional characteristics transitional between those of tuff and dacite, Some of this variably contaminated, second-generation magma coalesced, was mobilized, and was intruded into overlying intracaldera rocks, Interpretation of the resurgent intrusion in the Turkey Creek and other calderas as intracaldera laccoliths suggests that intrusions of this type may be a common, but often unrecognized, feature of calderas, Development of granophyric and anatectic features such as those described here may be equally common in other calderas. The observations and previously undocumented processes described here can be applied to identification and interpretation of similarly enigmatic relations and rocks in other caldera systems. Integration of large-scale field mapping with detailed petrographic and chemical data has resulted in an understanding of otherwise intractable but petrologically important caldera-related features. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP du Bray, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 905,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 111 IS 1 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0143:RAAATP>2.3.CO;2 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 155ED UT WOS:000077932500010 ER PT J AU Parsons, T McCarthy, J AF Parsons, T McCarthy, J TI The active southwest margin of the Colorado Plateau: Uplift of mantle origin: Reply SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Letter ID UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC; ARIZONA; MODEL C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 111 IS 1 BP 156 EP 157 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 155ED UT WOS:000077932500012 ER PT J AU Parfenov, LM Nokleberg, WJ Monger, JWH Norton, IO Stone, DB Fujita, K Khanchuk, AI Scholl, DW AF Parfenov, LM Nokleberg, WJ Monger, JWH Norton, IO Stone, DB Fujita, K Khanchuk, AI Scholl, DW TI Northern Pacific orogens: A collage of terranes and history of its formation SO GEOLOGIYA I GEOFIZIKA LA Russian DT Article DE terrane; terrane analysis; orogenic belts; palinspastic maps; northern Pacific framing ID ALASKA; PALEOMAGNETISM AB The orogens of the northern Pacific framing are made by a collage of terranes that are fragments of island arcs, active and passive continental margins, accretionary complexes, and cratons. The formation of Mesozoic and Cenozoic orogens was controlled by convergent movements of oceanic (Paleopacific) and continental (North-American and North-Asian or Siberian) plates accompanied by rifting and opening and closure of small oceanic basins at the back of active continental margins and island arcs. Systems of island arcs and active continental margins have been distinguished, which stretch for thousands of kilometers and are common For North America and northeastern Asia, like those now existing along the periphery of the Pacific. Disintegration of large tectonic units (island arcs, etc.) was either synaccretional or postaccretional, the latter chiefly resulted from large-scale movements on wrench faults striking roughly parallel to the continent-ocean boundary. The tectonic evolution of the northern Pacific framing and formation of orogens are illustrated by a set of palinspastic maps compiled on the basis of an earlier terrane analysis and critically reviewed paleomagnetic and paleobiogeographic published data for Russian Far East, Alaska, Canadian Cordilleras, and island of Hokkaido (Japan), completed with studies of terrane-related overlap and suturing complexes. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Inst Geol Sci, Yakutsk 677007, Russia. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Geol Survey Canada, Vancouver, BC V6B 1R8, Canada. Exxon Prod Res Co, Houston, TX 77060 USA. Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geol, Far E Div, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. RP Parfenov, LM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Inst Geol Sci, Pr Lenina 33, Yakutsk 677007, Russia. RI Norton, Ian/G-6254-2010; Koroleva, Olga/C-1306-2012 NR 34 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 7 PU RUSSIAN ACAD SCIENCES SIBERIAN BRANCH PI NOVOSIBIRSK PA 3 UNIVERSITETSKY PROSPECT, 630090 NOVOSIBIRSK, RUSSIA SN 0016-7886 J9 GEOL GEOFIZ JI Geol. Geofiz. PY 1999 VL 40 IS 11 BP 1563 EP 1574 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 268GX UT WOS:000084406900004 ER PT J AU Geist, EL Zoback, ML AF Geist, EL Zoback, ML TI Analysis of the tsunami generated by the M-w 7.8 1906 San Francisco earthquake SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA; FAULTS; SLIP AB We examine possible sources of a small tsunami produced by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, recorded at a single tide gauge station situated at the opening to San Francisco Bay. Coseismic vertical displacement fields were calculated using elastic dislocation theory for geodetically constrained horizontal slip along a variety of offshore fault geometries. Propagation of the ensuing tsunami was calculated using a shallow-water hydrodynamic model that takes into account the effects of bottom friction. The observed amplitude and negative pulse of the first arrival are shown to be inconsistent with small vertical displacements (similar to 4-6 cm) arising from pure horizontal slip along a continuous right bend in the San Andreas fault offshore. The primary source region of the tsunami was most likely a recently recognized 3 km right step in the San Andreas fault that is also the probable epicentral region for the 1906 earthquake. Tsunami models that include the 3 Inn right step with pure horizontal slip match the arrival time of the tsunami, but underestimate the amplitude of the negative first-arrival pulse. Both the amplitude and time of the first arrival are adequately matched by using a rupture geometry similar to that defined for the 1995 M-w (moment magnitude) 6.9 Kobe earthquake: i.e., fault segments dipping toward each other within the stepover region (83 degrees dip, intersecting at 10 km depth) and a small component of slip in the dip direction (rake = -172 degrees). Analysis of the tsunami provides confirming evidence that the 1906 San Francisco earthquake initiated at a right step in a right-lateral fault and propagated bilaterally, suggesting a rupture initiation mechanism similar to that for the 1995 Robe earthquake. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Geist, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1 BP 15 EP 18 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0015:AOTTGB>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 155EB UT WOS:000077932300004 ER PT J AU Bacon, CR Lanphere, MA Champion, DE AF Bacon, CR Lanphere, MA Champion, DE TI Late Quaternary slip rate and seismic hazards of the West Klamath Lake fault zone near Crater Lake, Oregon Cascades SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKE; BASALT; RANGE; ARC AB Crater Lake caldera is at the north end of the Klamath graben, where this N10 degrees W-trending major Basin and Range structure impinges upon the north-south-trending High Cascades volcanic are. East-facing normal faults, typically 10-15 km long, form the West Klamath Lake fault zone, which bounds the graben on its west side. The fault zone terminates on the south near the epicentral area of the September 1993 Klamath Falls earthquakes. It continues north past Crater Lake as the Annie Spring fault, which is within similar to 1 km of the west caldera rim, and Red Cone Spring fault. We have determined a long-term vertical slip rate of 0.3 mm/yr for these two faults using high-precision K-Ar and Ar-40/Ar-39 age measurements on offset lava flows ranging in age from ca. 35 to 300 ka. Holocene offset reported by Hawkins et al. and epicenters of eight M-W 2 earthquakes in 1994 and 1995 indicate that the West Klamath Lake fault zone is active. Empirical relations between earthquake magnitudes and scarp heights or fault lengths suggest that the fault zone is capable of producing earthquakes as large as M-W 7 1/4. Earthquakes on these or other faults of the zone could trigger landslides and rockfalls from the walls of the caldera, possibly resulting in large waves on Crater Lake. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Bacon, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1 BP 43 EP 46 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0043:LQSRAS>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 155EB UT WOS:000077932300011 ER PT J AU Emsbo, F Hutchinson, RW Hofstra, AH Volk, JA Bettles, KH Baschuk, GJ Johnson, CA AF Emsbo, F Hutchinson, RW Hofstra, AH Volk, JA Bettles, KH Baschuk, GJ Johnson, CA TI Syngenetic Au on the Carlin trend: Implications for Carlin-type deposits SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A new type of gold occurrence recently discovered in the Carlin trend, north-central Nevada, is clearly distinct from classic Carlin-type gold ore. These occurrences are interpreted to be of sedimentary exhalative (sedex) origin because they are stratiform and predate compaction and lithification of their unaltered Devonian host rocks. They contain barite that exhibits delta(34)S and delta(18)O values identical to sulfate in Late Devonian seawater and sedex-type barite deposits. Abrupt facies changes in the host rocks strongly suggest synsedimentary faulting and foundering of the carbonate shelf during mineralization, as is characteristic of sedex deposits. Gold occurs both as native inclusions in synsedimentary base metal sulfides and barite, and as chemical enrichments in sulfide minerals. The absence of alteration and lack of delta(13)C and delta(18)O isotopic shift of primary carbonates in these rocks is strong evidence that this gold was not introduced with classic Carlin-type mineralization. Collectively, these features show that the Devonian strata were significantly enriched in gold some 300 m.y. prior to generation of the mid-Tertiary Carlin-type deposits. These strata may have been an important, perhaps even vital, source of gold for the latter. Although gold is typically low in most Zn-Pb-rich sedex deposits, our evidence suggests that transport of gold in basinal fluids, and its subsequent deposition in the sedex environment, can be significant. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Barrick Goldstrike Mines Inc, Elko, NV 89801 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Emsbo, F (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 16 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 17 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1 BP 59 EP 62 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 155EB UT WOS:000077932300015 ER PT J AU Turner, C AF Turner, C TI Geophilosophy - A role for geoscience in society SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Turner, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Mail Stop 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD JAN PY 1999 VL 44 IS 1 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 219ZU UT WOS:000081639600006 ER PT B AU Fagre, DB Key, CH White, JD Running, SW Hauer, FR Keane, RE Ryan, KC AF Fagre, DB Key, CH White, JD Running, SW Hauer, FR Keane, RE Ryan, KC BE Price, M TI Ecosystem dynamics of the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA SO GLOBAL CHANGE IN THE MOUNTAINS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Conference on Environmental and Societal Change in Mountain Regions CY DEC 18-20, 1997 CL UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Enrich, EU Res & Techol Dev, EU Environm & Climate, EU Marine Sci & Technol HO UNIV OXFORD ID SIMULATION; SCALE C1 USGS, Biol Resources Div, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Fagre, DB (reprint author), USGS, Biol Resources Div, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP LTD PI LANCASTER PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH, LANCASTER LA6 2LA, ENGLAND BN 1-85070-062-1 PY 1999 BP 20 EP 22 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BN93W UT WOS:000083583300009 ER PT J AU Wood, WW AF Wood, WW TI Use and misuse of the chloride-mass balance method in estimating ground water recharge SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Wood, WW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 2 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 16 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 37 IS 1 BP 2 EP 3 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb00949.x PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 158LX UT WOS:000078117900002 ER PT J AU Banks, D AF Banks, D TI "Predicting the probability distribution of yield from boreholes in crystalline bedrock" by D. Banks, March-April 1998 issue, v.36, no. 2 : 269-274. Reply SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Banks, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Rd,MS431, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 37 IS 1 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 158LX UT WOS:000078117900004 ER PT J AU Haarstad, K AF Haarstad, K TI "Predicting the probability distribution of yield from boreholes in crystalline bedrock" by D. Banks, March-April 1998 issue, v.36, no. 2 : 269-274. Discussion SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Haarstad, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Rd,MS431, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 37 IS 1 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 158LX UT WOS:000078117900003 ER PT J AU Halford, KJ AF Halford, KJ TI Effects of steady-state assumption on hydraulic conductivity and recharge estimates in a surficial aquifer system SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW; CAPTURE-ZONE; MODELS; WELL AB The ability of a calibrated now model to predict the behavior of a surficial aquifer system is governed by the quality of the hydraulic conductivity and recharge estimates used. Reasonable lateral and vertical hydraulic conductivities can be estimated by steady-state simulations driven by effective recharge rates that approximate the net effects of evapotranspiration, and water released from storage during periods of recession. Results from a hypothetical, transient, cross-sectional model indicated that most of the water was contributed uniformly from storage from five to 25 days after a recharge event. Results also showed that a steady-state, snapshot calibration approach can be used on aquifers in a humid climate with diffusivities between 20 and 500 m(2)/d. Most estimates of the lateral and vertical hydraulic conductivities of the hypothetical aquifer system were within 30 % of the actual values. Estimates of hydraulic conductivity from the transient cases were similar to those from the snapshot calibration cases. The long-term recharge rate could be identified by calibrating to multiple synoptic surveys that were sampled over the range of drier to wetter conditions. The effective recharge rates estimated for the driest and wettest conditions bracketed the long-term recharge rate, Results suggested that the effective recharge rate estimated for the synoptic survey with the lowest water level root-mean-square (RMS) error was the best estimate of the long-term recharge rate. A field application of the snapshot calibration approach simulated the surficial aquifer system beneath Cecil Field Naval Air Station well and provided reasonable estimates of the long-term recharge rate (0.4 mm/d) relative to the range of recharge rates that were independently estimated by the chloride concentration ratio method (0.2 to 0.6 mm/d). C1 US Geol Survey, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714 USA. RP Halford, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 224 W Cent Pkwy,Ste 1006, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714 USA. EM khalford@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 37 IS 1 BP 70 EP 79 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb00959.x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 158LX UT WOS:000078117900013 ER PT J AU Chapelle, FH AF Chapelle, FH TI Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated ground water: The perspectives of history and hydrology SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Review ID T-BUTYL ETHER; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SPILL SITE; CRUDE-OIL; MONOAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS; AQUIFER MICROORGANISMS; NATURAL ATTENUATION; SURFACE APPLICATION AB Bioremediation, the use of microbial degradation processes to detoxify environmental contamination, was first applied to petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated ground water systems in the early 1970s, Since that time, these technologies have evolved in some ways that were clearly anticipated by early investigators, and in other ways that were not foreseen. The expectation that adding oxidants and nutrients to contaminated aquifers would enhance biodegradation, for example, has been born out by subsequent experience. Many of the technologies now in common use such as air sparging, hydrogen peroxide addition, nitrate addition, and bioslurping, are conceptually similar to the first bioremediation systems put into operation. More unexpected, however, were the considerable technical problems associated with delivering oxidants and nutrients to heterogeneous ground water systems. Experience has shown that the success of engineered bioremediation systems depends largely on how effectively directions and rates of ground water now can be controlled, and thus how efficiently oxidants and nutrients can be delivered to contaminated aquifer sediments. The early expectation that injecting laboratory-selected or genetically engineered cultures of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria into aquifers would be a useful bioremediation technology has not been born out by subsequent experience. Rather, it appears that petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are ubiquitous in ground water systems and that bacterial addition is usually unnecessary. Perhaps the technology that was least anticipated by early investigators was the development of intrinsic bioremediation, Experience has shown that natural attenuation mechanisms - biodegradation, dilution, and sorption - limit the migration of contaminants to some degree in all ground water systems. Intrinsic bioremediation is the deliberate use of natural attenuation processes to treat contaminated ground water to specified concentration levels at predetermined points in the aquifer, In current practice, intrinsic bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons requires a systematic assessment to show that ambient natural attenuation mechanisms are efficient enough to meet regulatory requirements and a monitoring program to verify that performance requirements are met in the future. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Chapelle, FH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd,Ste 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM chapelle@usgs.gov NR 121 TC 65 Z9 71 U1 9 U2 62 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 37 IS 1 BP 122 EP 132 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb00965.x PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 158LX UT WOS:000078117900019 ER PT J AU Brewer, SK Atchison, GJ AF Brewer, SK Atchison, GJ TI The effects of chlorpyrifos on cholinesterase activity and foraging behavior in the dragonfly, Anax junius (Odonata) SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE behavioral toxicology; behavior; pesticide; cholinesterase; foraging ID OUTDOOR EXPERIMENTAL DITCHES; ARTIFICIAL STREAM SYSTEM; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDE; PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; GRASS SHRIMP; LIFE STAGES; WATER AB We examined head capsule cholinesterase (ChE) and foraging behavior in nymphs of the dragonfly, Anax junius, exposed for 24 h to 0.2, 0.6 and 1.0 mu g l(-1) of the organophosphorus (OP) insecticide, chlorpyrifos [O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate]. The invertebrate community is an important component of the structure and function of wetland ecosystems, yet the potential effects of insecticides on wetland ecosystems are largely unknown. Our objectives were to determine if exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations of chlorpyrifos affected foraging behavior and ChE activity in head capsules of dragonfly nymphs. Nymphs were exposed to different concentrations of chlorpyrifos and different prey densities in a factorial design. ChE activities and foraging behaviors of treated nymphs were not statistically different (p greater than or equal to 0.05) from control groups. Prey density effects exerted a greater effect on dragonfly foraging than toxicant exposures. Nymphs offered higher prey densities exhibited more foraging behaviors but also missed their prey more often. High variability in ChE activities within the control group and across treated groups precluded determination of relationships between ChE and foraging behaviors. It appears that A. junius is relatively tolerant of chlorpyrifos, although the concentrations we tested have been shown in other work to adversely affect the prey base; therefore the introduction of this insecticide may have indirect adverse affects on top invertebrate predators such as Odonata. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Brewer, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PY 1999 VL 394 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1023/A:1003682112025 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 224XL UT WOS:000081925200019 ER PT J AU Ramsey, EW Nelson, GA Sapkota, SK Laine, SC Verdi, J Krasznay, S AF Ramsey, EW Nelson, GA Sapkota, SK Laine, SC Verdi, J Krasznay, S TI Using multiple-polarization L-band radar to monitor marsh burn recovery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE coastal marsh; canopy orientation; Juncus roemerianus; multipolarization; P3 Orion; regression; regrowth; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID COASTAL WETLANDS; FIRE AB Aircraft L-band VV-, HH-, and VH-polarizations were examined as tools for monitoring burn recovery in a coastal marsh. Significant relationships were observed between time-since-burn (difference between burn and image collection dates; 550-900 days after burn) and returns I elated to all polarizations. As marsh burn recovery progressed, VV returns decreased while HH and VH returns increased. Radar returns extracted from control sites adjacent to each burn-simulated nonburn marsh and were not individually or in combination significantly related to the time-since-burn. Normalized by the control data, VH-polarization explained up to 83% of the total variations. Overall, the L-band multipolarization radars estimated time-since-burn within +/-59 to +/-92 days. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Johnson Controls World Serv Inc, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. RP Ramsey, EW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 1999 VL 37 IS 1 BP 635 EP 639 DI 10.1109/36.739136 PN 2 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 158NY UT WOS:000078122700031 ER PT S AU Peters, NE Donohue, R AF Peters, NE Donohue, R BE Heathwaite, L TI Nutrient concentrations and fluxes in tributaries to the Swan-Canning estuary, Western Australia SO IMPACT OF LAND-USE CHANGE ON NUTRIENT LOADS FROM DIFFUSE SOURCES SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Impact of Land-Use Change on Nutrient Loads from Diffuse Sources CY JUL 18-30, 1999 CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Comm Water Qual, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Comm Continental Eros, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Atmosphere Soil Vegetat & Relat ID PHOSPHORUS; EUTROPHICATION; ACCUMULATION AB In Western Australia, catchment nutrient availability on an areal basis is primarily controlled by the disposal of animal waste and the type and rate of fertilizer application particularly in coastal areas. The coastal areas receive notably higher rainfall and have more intense horticulture and animal production than inland areas, and are undergoing rapid urbanization, particularly adjacent to the estuary. Also, the surficial aquifers on the coastal plain are generally sandy having a low nutrient retention capacity and rapidly transmit soluble and colloidal material through the subsurface. In the Swan-Canning basin, high air and soil temperatures and seasonally arid conditions cause rapid mineralization of nitrogen and phosphorus. The nutrients are subsequently available for transport during the onset of seasonal wet weather, which typically begins during the period from late April to June. In addition to the rapid mobility of nutrients in streamwater from agricultural areas during the wet season, drains in urban areas, which typically have high nutrient concentrations, also are an important source of nutrients as the drains flow directly to the estuary throughout the year. C1 US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Peters, NE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3039 Amwiler Rd,Suite 130, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-95-3 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1999 IS 257 BP 87 EP 94 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BP55Q UT WOS:000085487100011 ER PT S AU Kolpin, D Burkart, M Goolsby, D AF Kolpin, D Burkart, M Goolsby, D BE Heathwaite, L TI Nitrate in groundwater of the midwestern United States: a regional investigation on relations to land use and soil properties SO IMPACT OF LAND-USE CHANGE ON NUTRIENT LOADS FROM DIFFUSE SOURCES SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Impact of Land-Use Change on Nutrient Loads from Diffuse Sources CY JUL 18-30, 1999 CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Comm Water Qual, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Comm Continental Eros, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Atmosphere Soil Vegetat & Relat ID DRINKING-WATER; FERTILIZER; POLLUTION; TOXICITY; RISK AB The intense application of nitrogen-fertilizer to cropland in the midwestern United States has created concern about nitrate contamination of the region's aquifers. Since 1991, the US Geological Survey has used a network of 303 wells to investigate the regional distribution of nitrate in nearsurface aquifers of the midwestern United States. Detailed land use and soil data were compiled within a 2 km radius of 100 unconsolidated wells in the regional network to determine relations to nitrate concentrations in groundwater. For land use, the amount of irrigated land was directly related to nitrate concentrations in groundwater. For soils, the general water table depth and soil factors associated with rates of water movement were directly related to nitrate concentrations in groundwater. C1 US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. RP Kolpin, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 S Clinton St, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-95-3 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1999 IS 257 BP 111 EP 116 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BP55Q UT WOS:000085487100014 ER PT S AU Katz, BG Hornsby, HD Bohlke, JF AF Katz, BG Hornsby, HD Bohlke, JF BE Heathwaite, L TI Sources of nitrate in water from springs and the Upper Floridan aquifer, Suwannee River basin, Florida SO IMPACT OF LAND-USE CHANGE ON NUTRIENT LOADS FROM DIFFUSE SOURCES SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Impact of Land-Use Change on Nutrient Loads from Diffuse Sources CY JUL 18-30, 1999 CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Comm Water Qual, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Comm Continental Eros, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Atmosphere Soil Vegetat & Relat ID GROUNDWATER; TRACERS; FLOW; AGE AB In the Suwannee River basin of northern Florida, nitrate-N concentrations are 1.5 to 20 mg l(-1) in waters of the karstic Upper Floridan aquifer and in springs that discharge into the middle reach of the Suwannee River. During 1996-1997, fertilizers and animal wastes from farming operations in Suwannee County contributed,approximately 49% and 45% of the total N input, respectively. Values of delta(15)N-NO3 in spring waters range from 3.9 parts per thousand to 5.8 parts per thousand, indicating that nitrate most likely originates from a mixture of inorganic (fertilizers) and organic (animal waste) sources. In Lafayette County, animal wastes from farming operations and fertilizers contributed approximately 53% and 39% of the total N input, respectively, but groundwater near dairy and poultry farms has delta(15)N-NO3 values of 11.0-12.1 parts per thousand, indicative of an organic source of nitrate. Spring waters that discharge to the Suwannee River from Lafayette County have delta(15)N-NO3 values of 5.40-8.39 parts per thousand, which are indicative of both organic and inorganic sources. Based on analyses of CFCs, the mean residence time of shallow groundwater and spring water ranges between 8-12 years and 12 25 years, respectively. C1 US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32301 USA. RP Katz, BG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 227 N Bronough St,Suite 3015, Tallahassee, FL 32301 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-95-3 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1999 IS 257 BP 117 EP 124 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BP55Q UT WOS:000085487100015 ER PT S AU Peters, NE Kandell, SJ AF Peters, NE Kandell, SJ BE Ellis, JB TI Evaluation of stream water quality in Atlanta, Georgia, and the surrounding region (USA) SO IMPACTS OF URBAN GROWTH ON SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Impacts of Urban Growth on Surface Water and Groundwater Quality CY JUL 18-30, 1999 CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Surface Water, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Ground Water, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Water Qual, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Continental Eros, Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Water Qual, Int Assoc Hydrgeol AB A water-quality index (WQI) was developed from historical data (1986-1995) for streams in the Atlanta Region and augmented with "new" and generally more comprehensive biweekly data on four small urban streams, representing an industrial area, a developed medium-density residential area and developing and developed low-density residential areas. Parameter WQIs were derived from percentile ranks of individual water-quality parameter values for each site by normalizing the constituent ranks for values from all sites in the area for a base period, i.e. 1990-1995. WQIs were developed primarily for nutrient-related parameters due to data availability. Site WQIs, which were computed by averaging the parameter WQIs, range from 0.2 (good quality) to 0.8 (poor quality), and increased downstream of known nutrient sources. Also, annual site WQI decreases from 1986 to 1995 at most long-term monitoring sites. Annual site WQI for individual parameters correlated with annual hydrological characteristics, particularly runoff, precipitation quantity, and water yield, reflecting the effect of dilution on parameter values. The WQIs of the four small urban streams were evaluated for the core-nutrient-related parameters, parameters for specific dissolved trace metal concentrations and sediment characteristics, and a species diversity index for the macro-invertebrate taxa. The site WQI for the core-nutrient-related parameters used in the retrospective analysis was, as expected, the worst for the industrial area and the best for the low-density residential areas. However, macro-invertebrate data indicate that although the species at the medium-density residential site were diverse, the taxa at the site were for species tolerant of degraded water quality. Furthermore, although a species-diversity index indicates no substantial difference between the two low-density residential areas, the number for macro-invertebrates for the developing area was much less:than that for the developed area, consistent with observations of recent sediment problems probably associated with construction in the basin. However, sediment parameters were similar for the two sites suggesting that the routine biweekly measurements may not capture the short-term increases in sediment transport associated with rainstorms. The WQI technique is limited by:the number and types of parameters included in it, the general conditions of those parameters for the range of conditions in area streams, and by the effects of external factors, such as hydrology, and therefore, should be used with caution. C1 US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Peters, NE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3039 Amwiler Rd, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-06-6 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1999 IS 259 BP 279 EP 290 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BP55S UT WOS:000085488300034 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, RJ Langenheim, VE Schmidt, KM Jachens, RC Stanley, RG Jayko, AS McDougall, KA Tinsley, JC Valin, ZC AF McLaughlin, RJ Langenheim, VE Schmidt, KM Jachens, RC Stanley, RG Jayko, AS McDougall, KA Tinsley, JC Valin, ZC TI Neogene contraction between the San Andreas fault and the Santa Clara Valley, San Francisco Bay region, California SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article ID LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; NORTHWESTWARDLY YOUNGER AGE; WEST-CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; CRUZ MOUNTAINS; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; GEOMETRY; SYSTEM; DISPLACEMENT; REEVALUATION; EVOLUTION AB In the southern San Francisco Bay region of California, oblique dextral reverse faults that verge northeastward from the San Andreas fault experienced triggered slip during the 1989 M7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake. The role of these range-front thrusts in the evolution of the San Andreas fault system and the future seismic hazard that they map pose to the urban Santa Clara Valley are poorly understood. Based on recent geologic mapping and geophysical investigations, we propose that the range-front thrust system evolved in conjunction with development of the San Andreas fault system. In the early Miocene, the region was dominated by a system of northwestwardly propagating, basin-bounding, transtensional faults. Beginning as early as middle Miocene time, however, the transtensional faulting was superseded by transpressional NE-stepping thrust and reverse faults of the range-front thrust system. Age constraints on the thrust faults indicate that the locus of contraction has focused on the Monte Vista, Shannon, and Berrocal faults since about 4.8 Ma. Fault slip and fold reconstructions suggest that crustal shortening between the San Andreas fault and the Santa Clara Valley within this time frame is similar to 21%, amounting to as much as 3.2 km at a rate of 0.6 mm/yr. Rates probably have not remained constant; average rates appear to have been much lower in the past few 100 ka. The distribution of coseismic surface contraction during the Loma Prieta earthquake, active seismicity, late Pleistocene to Holocene fluvial terrace warping, and geodetic data further suggest that the active range-front thrust system includes blind thrusts. Critical unresolved issues include information on the near-surface locations of buried thrusts, the timing of recent thrust earthquake events, and their recurrence in relation to earthquakes on the San Andreas fault. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP McLaughlin, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 41 IS 1 BP 1 EP 30 PG 30 WC Geology SC Geology GA 158CN UT WOS:000078098600001 ER PT S AU Cranston, CB Brabec, F Hjaltason, GR Nebert, D Samet, H AF Cranston, CB Brabec, F Hjaltason, GR Nebert, D Samet, H BE Vckovski, A Brassel, KE Schek, HJ TI Adding an interoperable server interface to a spatial database: Implementation experiences with OpenMap (TM) SO INTEROPERATING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Interoperating Geographic Information Systems (INTEROP 99) CY MAR 10-12, 1999 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP Inter Univ Partnership Earth Observ & Geoinformat Zurich, OpenGIS Consortium, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Org Geo Informat, Environm Syst Res Inst, Geotask, Hewlett Packard Co, Integraph Corp, Netcetera, SICAD Geomat, Smallworld Syst, C PLAN AB Many organizations require geographic data originating from diverse sources in their day-to-day operations. It is often impractical to maintain on-site a complete database, due to issues of ownership, the sheer size of the data, or its dynamic nature. OpenMap (TM) is a distributed mapping system that allows displaying together geographic data acquired from disparate data sources. In this paper, we report our experiences with building a "specialist" for OpenMap, allowing the OpenMap map browser access to data stored in SAND, a prototype spatial database system. DLG data from the U.S. Geological Survey were used to demonstrate the combined system. Key features of the OpenMap and SAND systems are described, as well as how they deal with the DLG data. C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM zben@cs.umd.edu; brabec@cs.umd.edu; grh@cs.umd.edu; ddnebert@usgs.gov; hjs@cs.umd.edu NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-65725-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1999 VL 1580 BP 115 EP 128 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BP34N UT WOS:000084758300010 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE Baer-Keeley, M AF Keeley, JE Baer-Keeley, M TI Role of charred wood, heat-shock, and light in germination of postfire phrygana species from the eastern Mediterranean Basin SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INDUCED SEED-GERMINATION; PLANT-DERIVED SMOKE; STIMULATED GERMINATION; FIRE; CALIFORNIA; CISTUS; FYNBOS; CONVERGENCE; VEGETATION; MECHANISM AB Seeds of 22 species collected from recently burned phrygana were tested for their response to fire-type cues of charred wood and heat-shock. All Cistus species were stimulated by brief heat-shock, as shown in previous studies; however, none responded to charred wood. Only one of the 22 species was stimulated by charred wood, and only in dark-inhibited seeds, and this response did not occur in the light. The lack of charred-wood-induced germination is in contrast to the substantial proportion of species with this germination response reported for mediterranean-type vegetation in California, the Cape region of South Africa, and Western Australia. Phrygana has many species with heat-shock-stimulated germination, primarily in the Fabaceae and Cistaceae. This germination cue is widespread in these two families, thus, the presence of heat-shock-stimulated germination is a result of homologous, rather than covergent, adaptations in mediterranean-climate ecosystems. Germination response to light was not randomly distributed with respect to fire-type response. Heat-shock-stimulated species were almost uniformly light neutral, in contrast to more opportunistic colonizing species with non-refractory seeds, in which half of the species responded positively or negatively to light. C1 MBK Hort Consultants, Vienna, VA 22182 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Div Environm Biol, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), USGS, Biol Resources Div, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA MERKAZ SAPIR 6/37, GIVAT SHAUL PO BOX 35409, JERUSALEM 91352, ISRAEL SN 0792-9978 J9 ISRAEL J PLANT SCI JI Isr. J. Plant Sci. PY 1999 VL 47 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 197NM UT WOS:000080371400002 ER PT B AU Celebi, M Toprak, S Holzer, T AF Celebi, M Toprak, S Holzer, T BE Karaca, M Ural, DN TI Strong-motion, site-effects and hazard issues in rebuilding Turkey: in light of the 17 August, 1999 earthquake and its aftershocks SO ITU-IAHS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON KOCAELI EARTHQUAKE - 17 AUGUST 1999: A SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RE-BUILDING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Kocaeli Earthquake CY DEC 02-05, 1999 CL ISTANBUL TECH UNIV, ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP IAH, Milliyet, DOGUS, ARMO, GAMA, UCEM, Terk tel, Izomas, THY, Delta AS, ITU TUBITAK Konut Arastirma Unitesi HO ISTANBUL TECH UNIV ID LIQUEFACTION AB The August 17, 1999 Izmit (Turkey) earthquake (M-w=7.4) will be remembered as one of the largest earthquakes of recent times that affected a large urban environment (U.S. Geological Survey, 1999). The shaking that caused the widespread damage and destruction was recorded only by a handful of accelerographs in the earthquake area operated by different networks. The characteristics of these records show that the recorded peak accelerations, even those from near field stations, are smaller than expected. On the other hand, smaller magnitude aftershocks yielded larger peak accelerations. This is attributed to the sparse networks which possibly missed recording of larger motions during the main shock. As rebuilding of Turkey starts, strong-motion networks that yield essential data must be enlarged. In addition, attention must be paid to new developments elsewhere, such as earthquake zoning maps, earthquake hazard maps, liquefaction potentials and susceptibility. This paper aims to discuss these issues. C1 USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Celebi, M (reprint author), USGS, MS977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Toprak, Selcuk/C-9397-2009 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIV FACULTY CIVIL ENGINEERING PRINTHOUSE PI ISTANBUL PA AYAZAGA KAMPUSU 80626, ISTANBUL, TURKEY BN 975-561-166-5 PY 1999 BP 93 EP 110 PG 18 WC Construction & Building Technology; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Construction & Building Technology; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA BV78P UT WOS:000180001400011 ER PT B AU Cranswick, E Ozel, O Meremonte, M Erdik, M Safak, E Mueller, C Overturf, D Frankel, A AF Cranswick, E Ozel, O Meremonte, M Erdik, M Safak, E Mueller, C Overturf, D Frankel, A BE Karaca, M Ural, DN TI Earthquake damage, site response, and building response in Avcilar, West of Istanbul, Turkey SO ITU-IAHS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON KOCAELI EARTHQUAKE - 17 AUGUST 1999: A SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RE-BUILDING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Kocaeli Earthquake CY DEC 02-05, 1999 CL ISTANBUL TECH UNIV, ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP IAH, Milliyet, DOGUS, ARMO, GAMA, UCEM, Terk tel, Izomas, THY, Delta AS, ITU TUBITAK Konut Arastirma Unitesi HO ISTANBUL TECH UNIV C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Cranswick, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 966,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIV FACULTY CIVIL ENGINEERING PRINTHOUSE PI ISTANBUL PA AYAZAGA KAMPUSU 80626, ISTANBUL, TURKEY BN 975-561-166-5 PY 1999 BP 193 EP 204 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Construction & Building Technology; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA BV78P UT WOS:000180001400021 ER PT J AU Burkhardt, MR Soliven, PP Werner, SL Vaught, DG AF Burkhardt, MR Soliven, PP Werner, SL Vaught, DG TI Determination of submicrogram-per-liter concentrations of caffeine in surface water and groundwater samples by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FOOD-PRODUCTS; TEA; THEOBROMINE; BEVERAGES AB A method for determining submicrogram-per-liter concentrations of caffeine in surface water and groundwater samples has been developed. Caffeine is extracted from a 1 L water sample with a 0.5 g graphitized carbon-based solid-phase cartridge, eluted with methylene chloride-methanol (80 + 20, v/v), and analyzed by liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection. The single-operator method detection limit for organic-free water samples was 0.02 mu g/L. Mean recoveries and relative standard deviations were 93 +/- 13% for organic-free water samples fortified at 0.04 mu g/L and 84 +/- 4% for laboratory reagent spikes fortified at 0.5 mu g/L. Environmental concentrations of caffeine ranged from 0.003 to 1.44 mu g/L in surface water samples and from 0.01 to 0.08 mu g/L in groundwater samples. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Burkhardt, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 407, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 82 IS 1 BP 161 EP 166 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 165KA UT WOS:000078518900023 PM 10028685 ER PT J AU Carrington, ME Keeley, JE AF Carrington, ME Keeley, JE TI Comparison of post-fire seedling establishment between scrub communities in mediterranean and non-mediterranean climate ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California chaparral; fire ecology; Florida scrub; mediterranean climate ecosystems; seedling recruitment ID SAND PINE SCRUB; FLORIDA; GERMINATION; CALIFORNIA; CONVERGENCE; STRATEGIES; SOIL; TIME AB 1 Both fire regimes and the conditions under which fires occur vary widely. Abiotic conditions (such as climate) in combination with fire season, frequency and intensity could influence vegetation responses to fire. A variety of adaptations facilitate post-fire recruitment in mediterranean climate ecosystems, but responses of other communities are less well known. We evaluated the importance of climate by comparing sites with mediterranean and subtropical climates. 2 We used paired burned and mature sites in chamise chaparral, mixed chaparral and coastal sage scrub (California), and rosemary scrub, sand pine scrub and sandhill (Florida), to test whether (i) patterns of pre-fire and post-fire seedling recruitment are more similar between communities within a region than between regions, and (ii) post-fire stimulation of seedling establishment is greater in regions with marked fire-induced contrasts in abiotic site characteristics. 3 Post-fire seedling densities were more similar among sites within climatic regions than between regions. Both seedling densities and proportions of species represented by seedlings after fires were generally higher in California. 4 The only site characteristic showing a pre-fire-post-fire contrast was percentage open canopy, and the effect was greater in California than in Florida. Soil properties were unaffected by fire. 5 Mediterranean climate ecosystems in other regions have nutrient-poor soils similar to our subtropical Florida sites, but show post-fire seedling recruitment patterns more similar to the nutrient-rich sites in California. Climate therefore appears to play a more major role than soil characteristics. C1 Univ Florida, SW Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Carrington, ME (reprint author), Univ Florida, SW Florida Res & Educ Ctr, 2686 SR 29 N, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. EM mecar@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu NR 54 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 7 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PY 1999 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1025 EP 1036 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00419.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 264VU UT WOS:000084204300010 ER PT J AU Burkart, MR Simpkins, WW Squillace, PJ Helmke, M AF Burkart, MR Simpkins, WW Squillace, PJ Helmke, M TI Tributary stream infiltration as a source of herbicides in an alluvial aquifer SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WATER; GROUNDWATER; ATRAZINE; NITRATE AB Where Walnut Creek flows across the South Skunk River alluvial aquifer, it provides a potential source of herbicides and herbicide metabolites, This straightened reach of the creek loses water and dissolved contaminants to the alluvial aquifer through a layer of fine-grained flood plain deposits. Estimates of potential flux of chemicals were based on measurements taken during baseflow in April 1994 before herbicides were applied to the watershed and in June 1994 after chemical application and when stream discharge included runoff and tile-drainage water, Hydraulic head measurements between the creek and flood plain deposits and between the creek and aquifer confirmed the potential for downward groundwater flow during both sampling periods, Hydraulic conductivity estimates from slug tests were used to calculate an average linear groundwater velocity of 0.5 m d(-1) in the fine-grained flood plain deposits. At this velocity, contaminants could be advectively transported to the aquifer within 6 d, The potential for atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) flux to the aquifer from the creek was estimated to be between 60 and 3000 mu g d(-1) m(-2). This rate is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the estimated flux via leaching beneath a typical field. II the process of vertical stream leakage occurs in many hydrologic settings, it may constitute a substantial source of herbicides to shallow alluvial aquifers in many areas of the Midwest. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Burkart, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 28 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 159QJ UT WOS:000078184900007 ER PT J AU Leonard, JBK Summers, AP Koob, TJ AF Leonard, JBK Summers, AP Koob, TJ TI Metabolic rate of embryonic little skate, Raja erinacea (Chondrichthyes : Batoidea): The cost of active pumping SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EGG AB Near-hatching embryonic little skates, Raja erinacea, are highly active within their egg capsules, displaying a characteristic tail beating, which pumps water through the capsule. We measured the metabolic rate of late-stage embryos to determine whether oxygen sufficient for the embryo's needs will diffuse through the egg capsule, and to assess the energetic cost of tail beating. Metabolic rate was inferred from oxygen consumption rates while embryos were in the capsules, unencapsulated, and anesthetized and unencapsulated. Anesthesia inhibited voluntary movements, including tail wagging, allowing an estimate of the standard metabolic rate (SMR). Averaged over five embryos, the SMR was 0.032 +/- 0.004 ml O-2 g(-1) h(-1). There was no significant difference in metabolic rate between encapsulated (0.058 +/- 0.009 ml O-2 g(-1) hr(-1)) and unencapsulated (0.049 +/- 0.009 ml O-2 g(-1) h(-1)) skates. Tail beating was found to be energetically expensive, requiring a 53%-81% increase over the SMR. From literature values far the oxygen permeability of the egg capsule we conclude that tail beating is required to supply sufficient oxygen to the embryonic skate. This observation is consistent with the proposal that actively pumping water through the capsule, by tail beating, has played an evolutionary role in the shape of the capsule. J. Exp. Zool. 283.13-18, 1999. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Geol Serv, Biol Resources Div, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Shriners Hosp Crippled Children, Skeletal Biol Sect, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Mt Desert Isl Biol Lab, Salsbury Cove, ME 04672 USA. RP Summers, AP (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RI Summers, Adam/A-9060-2013 OI Summers, Adam/0000-0003-1930-9748 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0022-104X J9 J EXP ZOOL JI J. Exp. Zool. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 283 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19990101)283:1<13::AID-JEZ3>3.0.CO;2-S PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 153KL UT WOS:000077832200002 ER PT J AU McDougall, K Poore, RZ Matti, J AF McDougall, K Poore, RZ Matti, J TI Age and paleoenvironment of the Imperial Formation near San Gorgonio Pass, southern California SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID LOWER COLORADO RIVER; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; MIOCENE; PACIFIC; NORTH; BASIN; GULF AB Microfossiliferous marine sediments of the Imperial Formation exposed in the Whitewater and Cabazon areas, near San Gorgonio Pass, southern California, are late Miocene in age and were deposited at intertidal to outer neritic depths, and possibly upper bathyal depths. A late Miocene age of 7.4 to >6.04 hla is based on the ranges of age-diagnostic benthic foraminifers (Cassidulina delicata and Uvigerina peregrina), planktic foraminifers (Globigerinoides obliquus, G. extremus, and Globigerina nepenthes; zones N17-N19), and calcareous nannoplankton (Discoaster brouweri, D. aff. D. surculus, Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicata, Sphenolithus abies, and S. neoabies; zones CN9a-CN11) coupled with published K/Ar dates from the underlying Coachella Formation (10.1 +/- 1.2 Ma; Peterson, 1975) and overlying Painted Hill Formation (6.04 +/- 0.18 and 5.94 +/- 0.18 Ma; J. L. Morton in Matti and others, 1985 and Matti and Morton, 1993), Paleoecologic considerations (sea-level fluctuations and paleotemperature) restrict the age of the Imperial Formation to 6.5 through 6.3 Il la. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages indicate that the Imperial Formation in the Whitewater and Cabazon sections accumulated at inner neritic to outer neritic (0-152 m) and possibly upper bathyal (152-244 m) depths. Shallowing to inner neritic depths occurred as the upper part of the section was deposited. This sea-level fluctuation corresponds to a global highstand at 6.3 Ma;la (Haq and others, 1987), Planktic foraminifers suggest an increase in surface-water temperatures upsection, A similar increase in paleotemperatures is interpreted for the North Pacific from 6.5 to 6.3 Ma (warm interval W10 of Barren and Keller, 1983), Environmental contrasts between the Whitewater and Cabazon sections of the Imperial Formation provide evidence for right-lateral displacements on the Banning fault, a late Miocene strand of the San Andreas fault system. The Cabazon section Lies south of the Banning fault, and has been displaced west relative to the Whitewater sections. The Cabazon section was deposited at greater depths, suggesting that it accumulated farther offshore than the Whitewater section. If the Salton Trough was a southward-opening, elongated northwest-southeast basin similar to the modern Gulf of California, the Cabazon sequence probably has been displaced right-laterally from a position farther southeast of the Whitewater sequence. This relation requires late Miocene displacements greater than the present 12 km cross-fault separation between the two Imperial sections in the San Gorgonio Pass area. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Reg Geol Mapping Team, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. RP McDougall, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Reg Geol Mapping Team, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS975, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 116 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 29 IS 1 BP 4 EP 25 PG 22 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 168RB UT WOS:000078705400002 ER PT J AU Shaw, CA Snee, LW Selverstone, J Reed, JC AF Shaw, CA Snee, LW Selverstone, J Reed, JC TI Ar-40/Ar-39 thermochronology of mesoproterozoic metamorphism in the Colorado front range SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; AGE-SPECTRA; DIFFUSION DOMAINS; SOUTHWESTERN USA; UNITED-STATES; WHITE MICAS; NEW-MEXICO; PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE; MUSCOVITE AB A low-pressure metamorphic episode in the Colorado Front Range has been identified by the presence of staurolite, andalusite, cordierite, and garnet porphyroblasts overprinting earlier assemblages. The overprinting assemblages and reaction textures are most consistent with porphyroblast growth on a prograde metamorphic path with peak temperatures exceeding similar to 525 degrees C. Twenty-eight Ar-40/Ar-39 dates on hornblende, muscovite, biotite, and microcline were used to infer the age and thermal conditions of metamorphism. Muscovite and biotite Ar-40/Ar-39 ages fall mainly in the interval 1400-1340 Ma, consistent with cooling through the closure temperature interval of micas (similar to 400 degrees-300 degrees C) after about 1400 Ma. In contrast, hornblende apparent ages (T-c similar to 500 degrees-550 degrees C) between 1600 and 1390 Ma reflect variable retention of radiogenic argon. Forward modeling of argon diffusion shows that the distribution of hornblende and mica ages is consistent with the partial resetting of argon systematics ca. 1400 Ma by a thermal pulse reaching maximum temperatures around 550 degrees C and decaying within <20 m.yr. These temperatures match the conditions inferred from the overprinting assemblage; thus, muscovite and biotite ages are interpreted to date the cooling phase of this metamorphic event. This late metamorphism is broadly coeval with the intrusion of ca. 1400-Ma granitic plutons in the study area and throughout the southwestern United States. However, thermal effects are observed far from pluton margins, suggesting pervasive, regional crustal heating rather than restricted contact metamorphism. Our results suggest that ca. 1400-Ma metamorphism and plutonism are manifestations of a regional thermal episode that both partially melted the lower crust and pervasively metamorphosed. middle crustal rocks. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. US Geol Survey, Federal Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Shaw, CA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Selverstone, Jane/A-9809-2008 OI Selverstone, Jane/0000-0003-4234-4111 NR 80 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1376 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 107 IS 1 BP 49 EP 67 DI 10.1086/314335 PG 19 WC Geology SC Geology GA 175DE UT WOS:000079076700004 ER PT J AU Alley, RB Fitzpatrick, JJ AF Alley, RB Fitzpatrick, JJ TI Conditions for bubble elongation in cold ice-sheet ice SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLACIER ICE; DENSIFICATION; GREENLAND; CORES; GISP2; FIRN; MODEL; SNOW AB Highly elongated bubbles are sometimes observed in ice-sheet ice. Elongation is favored by rapid ice deformation, and opposed by diffusive processes. We use simple models to show that vapor transport dominates diffusion except possibly very close to the melting point, and that latent-heat effects are insignificant. Elongation is favored by larger bubbles at pore close-off, but is nearly independent of bubble compression below close-off The simple presence of highly elongated bubbles indicates only that a critical ice-strain rate has been exceeded for significant time, and provides no information on possible disruption of stratigraphic continuity by ice deformation. C1 Penn State Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Geol Survey, Off Cent Reg Geologist, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Alley, RB (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1999 VL 45 IS 149 BP 147 EP 153 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 193LX UT WOS:000080138700016 ER PT J AU Savino, JF Hudson, PL Fabrizio, MC Bowen, CA AF Savino, JF Hudson, PL Fabrizio, MC Bowen, CA TI Predation on lake trout eggs and fry: a modeling approach SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lake trout; eggs; predation; model ID SMELT OSMERUS-MORDAX; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; SLIMY SCULPIN; YELLOW PERCH; ONTARIO; REPRODUCTION; COTTUS AB A general model was developed to examine the effects of multiple predators on survival of eggs and fry of lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, associated with spawning reefs. Three kinds of predation were simulated: epibenthic egg predators consuming eggs on the substrate surface during spawning, interstitial egg predators that can move in rocky substrate and consume incubating eggs, and fry predators. Also simulated was the effect of water temperature on predation rates. The model predicted that interstitial predation on eggs accounted for most (76 to 81%) of the predation on early life history stages of lake trout; epibenthic egg predation (12 to 19%) and fry predation (0 to 12%) had less effect on lake trout survival. Initial predation conditions chosen for the model were: epibenthic egg predation peaked at 2 eggs/m(2)/d over 30 d, interstitial egg predation at 2 eggs/m(2)/d over 180 d, and fry predation at 1 fry/m(2)/d over 60 d. With a starting egg density of 100 eggs/m(2) and initial predation conditions, no lake trout were estimated to survive to swim-up. At egg densities of 250 eggs/m(2), 36% of the lake trout survived. At the highest egg densities examined 500 to 1,000 eggs/m(2), estimated survival increased to about 70 to 80%. Simulated survival rates of lake trout decreased dramatically as predation rate increased but were not as sensitive to increases in the duration of predation. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lake Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Savino, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lake Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. OI Fabrizio, Mary/0000-0002-6115-5490 NR 39 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1999 VL 25 IS 1 BP 36 EP 44 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 187WQ UT WOS:000079811600004 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP DeSorcie, TJ Stedman, RM Brown, EH Eck, GW Schmidt, LJ Hesselberg, RJ Chernyak, SM Passino-Reader, DR AF Madenjian, CP DeSorcie, TJ Stedman, RM Brown, EH Eck, GW Schmidt, LJ Hesselberg, RJ Chernyak, SM Passino-Reader, DR TI Spatial patterns in PCB concentrations of Lake Michigan lake trout SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lake trout; PCBs; Lake Michigan; prey fish; diet; alewife; bloater; sculpins; rainbow smelt; monitoring ID GREAT-LAKES; TRENDS; GROWTH; DIET; FISH; PREY AB Most of the PCB body burden in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) of the Great Lakes is from their food. PCB concentrations were determined in lake trout from three different locations in Lake Michigan during 1994-1995, and lake trout diets were analyzed at all three locations. The PCB concentrations were also determined in alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), bloater (Coregonus hoyi), slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus), and deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsoni), five species of prey fish eaten by lake trout in Lake Michigan, at three nearshore sites in the lake. Despite the lack of significant differences in the PCB concentrations of alewife, rainbow smelt, bloater, slimy sculpin, and deepwater sculpin from the southeastern nearshore site near Saugatuck (Michigan) compared with the corresponding PCB concentrations from the northwestern nearshore site near Sturgeon Bay (Wisconsin), PCB concentrations in lake trout at Saugatuck were significantly higher than those at Sturgeon Bay. The difference in the lake trout PCB concentrations between Saugatuck and Sturgeon Bay could be explained by diet differences. The diet of lake trout at Saugatuck was more concentrated in PCBs than the diet of Sturgeon Bay lake trout, and therefore lake trout at Saugatuck were more contaminated in PCBs than Sturgeon Bay lake trout. These findings were useful in interpreting the long-term monitoring series for contaminants in lake trout at both Saugatuck and the Wisconsin side of the lake. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1999 VL 25 IS 1 BP 149 EP 159 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 187WQ UT WOS:000079811600012 ER PT J AU Mills, EL Chrisman, JR Baldwin, B Owens, RW O'Gorman, R Howell, T Roseman, EF Raths, MK AF Mills, EL Chrisman, JR Baldwin, B Owens, RW O'Gorman, R Howell, T Roseman, EF Raths, MK TI Changes in the dreissenid community in the lower Great Lakes with emphasis on southern Lake Ontario SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE quagga mussel; Dreissena; zebra mussel; Lake Erie; Lake Ontario ID ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; ZEBRA MUSSEL; QUAGGA MUSSEL; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; POLYMORPHA; BUGENSIS; ERIE; BIVALVIA; MYTILUS; IDENTIFICATION AB A field study was conducted in the lower Great Lakes to assess changes in spatial distribution and population structure of dreissenid mussel populations. More specifically, the westward range expansion of quagga mussel into western Lake Erie and toward Lake Huron was investigated and the shell size, density, and biomass of zebra and quagga mussel with depth in southern Lake Ontario in 1992 and 1995 were compared. In Lake Erie, quagga mussel dominated the dreissenid community in the eastern basin and zebra mussel dominated in the western basin. In southern Lake Ontario, an east to west gradient was observed with the quagga mussel dominant at western sites and zebra mussel dominant at eastern locations. Mean shell size of quagga mussel was generally larger than that of zebra mussel except in western Lake Erie and one site in eastern Lake Erie. Although mean shell size and our index of numbers and biomass of both dreissenid species increased sharply in southern Lake Ontario between 1992 and 1995, the increase in density and biomass was much greater for quagga mussels over the 3-year period. In 1995, zebra mussels were most abundant at 15 to 25 m whereas the highest numbers and biomass of quagga mussel were at 35 to 45 m. The quagga mussel is now the most abundant dreissenid in areas of southern Lake Ontario where the zebra mussel was once the most abundant dreissenid; this trend parallels that observed far dreissenid populations in the Dneiper River basin in the Ukraine. C1 Cornell Biol Field Stn, Dept Nat Resources, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. St Lawrence Univ, Dept Biol, Canton, NY 13617 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. Ontario Minist Environm & Energy, Etobicoke, ON M9P 3V6, Canada. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Mills, EL (reprint author), Cornell Biol Field Stn, Dept Nat Resources, 900 Shackelton Point Rd, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. EM elm5@cornell.edu OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 NR 38 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 18 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1999 VL 25 IS 1 BP 187 EP 197 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 187WQ UT WOS:000079811600016 ER PT J AU Fisher, TG Whitman, RL AF Fisher, TG Whitman, RL TI Deglacial and lake level fluctuation history recorded in cores, Beaver Lake, Upper Peninsula, Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE radiocarbon ages; peat; gyttja; lake level; Nipissing; Lake Superior; sediment cores; paleolimnology AB Sediment cores collected from the littoral and pelagic zones of Beaver Lake, Michigan record fluctuations in the water level of Lake Superior. Beaver Lake is a small 300 ha lake in Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore (PRNL) now separated from Lake Superior by a dune-capped barrier bar. Cores were collected using a vibracorer from a lake-ice platform in February 1997. A 2.85 m long core in 10 m of water contains well-sorted sand, rhythmites, peat, interbedded sand and gyttja, and is capped with 1 m of massive gyttja. A 9480 BP AMS age from the basal sand provides a minimum deglacial date for the area. Further analysis indicates a sand-dominated depositional environment from a low lake stand at approximately 8500 BP to present. An approximate 8800 BP red to gray sediment color transition records either the cessation of meltwater input from Lake Agassiz or receding ice, while a younger similarly colored transition, 6600 BP in age, likely records sediment reworking in the coastal zone. Four AMS ages on peat range from 8520 to 7340 BP and are indicative of the Houghton low phase. Burial of the peat by stratified sand and gyttja after 7340 BP indicates a rising lake level. Peat at a higher level in the lake basin, encountered in shallow littoral cores, ranges in age from 6800 to 6420 BP, which estimates a 0.91 m rise/century in lake level to the Nipissing level by 5000 BP. C1 Indiana Univ NW, Dept Geosci, Gary, IN 46408 USA. US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Fisher, TG (reprint author), Indiana Univ NW, Dept Geosci, 3400 Broadway, Gary, IN 46408 USA. RI Fisher, Timothy/C-2609-2011 NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1999 VL 25 IS 2 BP 263 EP 274 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 222WD UT WOS:000081807600004 ER PT J AU Edsall, TA Frank, AM Rottiers, DV Adams, JV AF Edsall, TA Frank, AM Rottiers, DV Adams, JV TI The effect of temperature and ration size on the growth, body composition, and energy content of juvenile coho salmon SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coho salmon; growth; bioenergetics; proximate composition; Great Lakes ID ALEWIFE AB Juvenile (post-smolt) coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kitsuch) were held in fresh water in the laboratory at 5, 10, 15, and 18 degrees C for 8 weeks and fed freshly thawed, juvenile alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) at rates equal to 1 and 2 % of their wet body weight/day, and also at the ad libitum or unrestricted ration rate. Most rapid growth in weight (1.2% wet body weight/day) occurred among fish fed the ad libitum ration at 15 degrees C; growth was most rapid at about 10 degrees C for fish fed the 2% ration (0.7% /day), and the 1% ration (0.1% /day). Gross conversion efficiency was highest at 10 degrees C for all three ration levels. Gross body constituents and energy content of the test fish changed with temperature and ration during the study. Growth rate was positively related to lipid, energy content, and ration; lipid and energy content were positively related to water temperature; lipid, energy content, growth rate, ration, and water temperature were negatively related to water content; and protein was not related to any of the test variables. At the end of the study, water (68.7 to 76.4%) and lipid (3.5 to 10.4%) content were more variable than ash (1.8 to 3.1%), carbohydrate (0.1 to 1.9%), and protein (16.9 to 19.4%) content. Energy content of the fish increased with ration and was highest for each ration level at 15 degrees C. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Res Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Edsall, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Res Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1999 VL 25 IS 2 BP 355 EP 362 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 222WD UT WOS:000081807600013 ER PT J AU Arbogast, AF Loope, WL AF Arbogast, AF Loope, WL TI Maximum-limiting ages of Lake Michigan coastal dunes: their correlation with holocene lake level history SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lake level; age dating; C-14; dune; Nipissing; Lake Michigan ID BEACH-RIDGE; C-14 DATA; RADIOCARBON; CALIBRATION; SOILS AB Coastal geomorphology along the Great Lakes has long been linked with lake-level history. Some of the most spectacular landforms along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan are high-relief dunes that mantle take terraces. It has been assumed that these dunes developed during the Nipissing high stand of ancestral Lake Michigan. This hypothesis was tested through stratigraphic analyses and radiocarbon dating of buried soils at four sites between Manistee and Grand Haven, Michigan. At each site, thick deposits of eolian sand overlie tate-Pleistocene lacustrine sands. Moderately developed Spodosols (Entic Haplorthods) formed in the uppermost part of the lake sediments are buried by thick dune sand at three sites. At the fourth locality, a similar soil occurs in a very thin (1.3 m) unit of eolian sand buried deep within a dune. These soils indicate long-term (similar to 4,000 years) stability of the lake deposits following subaerial exposure. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal in the buried sola indicates massive dune construction began between 4,900 and 4,500 cal. yr B.P. at the Nordhouse Dunes site, between 4,300 and 3,900 cal. yr B.P. at the Jackson and Nugent Quarries, and between 3,300 to 2,900 cat. yr B.P. at Rosy Mound. Given these ages, it can be concluded that dune building at one site occurred during the Nipissing high stand but that the other dunes developed later Although lake levels generally fell after the Nipissing, it appears that dune construction may have resulted from small increases in lake level and destabilization of lake-terrace bluffs. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Munising, MI 49862 USA. RP Arbogast, AF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, 315 Natural Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1999 VL 25 IS 2 BP 372 EP 382 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 222WD UT WOS:000081807600015 ER PT J AU Edsall, TA AF Edsall, TA TI Preferred temperatures of juvenile lake whitefish SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; lake whitefish; temperature selection; thermal habitat ID THE-YEAR RUFFE; TOLERANCE AB Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) supported valuable commercial fisheries in all of the Great Lakes until the 1950s to 1960s when their populations collapsed due to overfishing, pollution, and predation by the exotic sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Reduction of these population stresses has permitted significant recovery of the lake whitefish in the upper three Great Lakes since the 1980s, and limited but encouraging recovery is now apparent in Lakes Erie and Ontario. In the present study the thermal preferences of age-0 and age-1 lake whitefish were measured in the laboratory to provide a basis for determining thermal habitat use by juvenile lake whitefish and thermal niche overlap with exotic fishes that might prey on them. Final thermal preferenda of young lake whitefish varied inversely with fish size ranging from 16.8 degrees C for fish averaging 1.9 g to 15.6 degrees C for age-1 fish averaging 3.9 g. Final thermal preferenda were in agreement with the limited published information an temperature selection of juvenile lake whitefish in the laboratory and on thermal habitat use by wild, free-ranging populations in the Great Lakes. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Edsall, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1999 VL 25 IS 3 BP 583 EP 588 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 255PH UT WOS:000083678000010 ER PT J AU Kolak, JJ Long, DT Kerfoot, WC Beals, TM Eisenreich, SJ AF Kolak, JJ Long, DT Kerfoot, WC Beals, TM Eisenreich, SJ TI Nearshore versus offshore copper loading in Lake Superior sediments: Implications for transport and cycling SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE copper; sediments; Lake Superior inventories; mining ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DISSOLVED TRACE-METALS; GREAT-LAKES; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-CARBON; ONTARIO; ACCUMULATION; MICHIGAN AB A thorough understanding of the fate and transport of metals in Lake Superior is necessary in order to predict the ability of Lake Superior to recover from anthropogenic perturbations (copper mining). Sediment cores were collected from nearshore and offshore sites in Lake Superior and used to evaluate spatial and temporal variations in copper lending associated with mining-related activities. Although both settings have been strongly affected by anthropogenic releases of copper, copper concentrations in nearshore cores ave significantly greater than those found in offshore cores, implying that nearshore copper loading is dominated by simple deposition and burial of sediment generated from mining activities. Temporal variations in copper profiles in sediments front nearshore environments closely mimic copper production rates. Conversely, copper loading histories derived from offshore sediments are not well cor-related to production rates. The offshore sediment cores, when compared with analogous cores from Lakes Ontario and Michigan, show that the average, lake-wide intensity of copper loading in Lake Superior is comparable to the other two lakes, despite the fact that Lake Superior has received the largest total burden of anthropogenic copper. Cu/Zn ratios, used to evaluate the amount of copper loading derived from mining discharges, vary strongly in nearshore environments in response to lending. Cu/Zn ratios in offshore sediments are much less variable, implying that copper lending may be regulated by additional mechanisms (solution chemistry and/or biologic uptake). Study of trace metal partitioning within Lake Superior sediments indicates that the organic fraction of the sediment contains the majority of the copper. Copper concentrations in offshore sediments are significantly correlated to organic carbon content of the sediment whereas copper concentrations in nearshore sediments are not. These findings support the model that transport and deposition of particles released from mining discharges dominate copper loading in nearshore sediments, whereas biologic uptake and settling of particulate organic matter may regulate copper loading in offshore sediments. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Lake Super Ecosyst Res Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Kolak, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. OI Kolak, Jonathan/0000-0003-2981-9522 NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1999 VL 25 IS 4 BP 611 EP 624 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 295PD UT WOS:000085976300004 ER PT J AU Eshenroder, RL Sideleva, VG Todd, TN AF Eshenroder, RL Sideleva, VG Todd, TN TI Functional convergence among pelagic sculpins of Lake Baikal and deepwater ciscoes of the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Baikal; Great Lakes; Cottoidei; Coregonus; evolution; glacial refugia; species flock; diel vertical migration; buoyancy regulation; emergent property ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; COTTOID FISHES; MICHIGAN; COREGONUS; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE AB The vast, well-oxygenated hypolimnia of Lake Baikal and the Great Lakes were both dominated by endemic planktivorous fishes. These dominants, two species of sculpins (Comephorus, Comephoridae) in Lake Baikal and sh species of deepwater ciscoes (Coregonus, Salmonidae) in the Great Lakes, although distant taxonomically, have morphologies suggesting a surprising degree of functional convergence. Here it is proposed that the same two buoyancy-regulation strategies observed in Baikal sculpins also arose in the deepwater ciscoes of the Great Lakes. One strategy favors hydrostatic lift (generated by low specific gravity) and is characterized by fatter, larger-bodied fish with smaller paired fins; the second strategy favors hydrodynamic lift (generated by swimming) and is characterized by leaner smaller-bodied fish with larger paired fins. Both types likely evolved to feed on a single species of ecologically analogous, vertically migrating macrozooplankter: Macrohectopus branickii in Lake Baikal and Mysis relicta in the Great Lakes. It is suggested that Coregonus did not diversify and proliferate in Lake Baikal as they did in the Great Lakes because by the time Coregonus colonized Lake Baikal, pelagic sculpins were already dominant. C1 Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. USGS, BRD, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Eshenroder, RL (reprint author), Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, 2100 Commonwealth Blvd,Suite 209, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM randye@glfc.org NR 54 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1999 VL 25 IS 4 BP 847 EP 855 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 295PD UT WOS:000085976300020 ER PT J AU Jarvi, SI Goto, RM Gee, GF Briles, WE Miller, MM AF Jarvi, SI Goto, RM Gee, GF Briles, WE Miller, MM TI Identification, inheritance, and linkage of B-G-like and MHC class I genes in cranes SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Canine Genetics - The Map, the Genes, the Diseases CY JUL 12-13, 1997 CL CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NEW YORK HO CORNELL UNIV ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; MULTIGENIC FAMILIES; G SUBREGION; CHICKEN; CDNA; SEQUENCES; CLONING; REGION; SYSTEM; MAP AB We identified B-G-like genes in the whooping and Florida sandhill cranes and linked them to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). We evaluated the inheritance of B-G-like genes in families of whooping and Florida sandhill cranes using restriction fragment patterns (RFPs), Two B-G-like genes, designated wcbg1 and wcbg2, were located within 8 kb of one another. The fully sequenced wcbg2 gene encodes a B-G IgV-like domain, an additional Ig-like domain, a transmembrane domain, and a single heptad domain typical of a-helical coiled coils, Patterns of restriction fragments in DNA from the whooping crane and from a number of other species indicate that the B-G-like gene families of cranes are large with diverse sequences, Segregation of RFPs in families of Florida sandhill cranes provide evidence for genetic polymorphism in the B-G-like genes. The restriction fragments generally segregated in concert with MHC haplotypes assigned by serological typing and by single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) assays based in the second exon of the crane MHC class I genes. This study supports the concept of a longterm association of polymorphic B-G-like genes with the MHC, It also establishes SSCP as a means for evaluating MHC genetic variability In cranes. C1 City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Miller, MM (reprint author), City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA33572] NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 90 IS 1 BP 152 EP 159 DI 10.1093/jhered/90.1.152 PG 8 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 160HW UT WOS:000078225400031 PM 9987924 ER PT J AU Sumner, DM Rolston, DE Marino, MA AF Sumner, D. M. Rolston, D. E. Marino, M. A. TI EFFECTS OF UNSATURATED ZONE ON GROUND-WATER MOUNDING SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The design of infiltration basins used to dispose of treated wastewater or for aquifer recharge often requires estimation of ground-water mounding beneath the basin. However, the effect that the unsaturated zone has on water-table response to basin infiltration often has been overlooked in this estimation. A comparison was made between two methods used to estimate ground-water mounding-an analytical approach that is limited to the saturated zone and a numerical approach that incorporates both the saturated and the unsaturated zones. Results indicate that the error that is introduced by a method that ignores the effects of the unsaturated zone on ground-water mounding increases as the basin-loading period is shortened; as the depth to the water table increases, with increasing subsurface anisotropy; and with the inclusion of fine-textured strata. Additionally, such a method cannot accommodate the dynamic nature of basin infiltration, the finite transmission time of the infiltration front to the water table, or the interception of the basin floor by the capillary fringe. C1 [Sumner, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714 USA. [Rolston, D. E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resour, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Marino, M. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Hydrol Sci & Civ & Envir, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Sumner, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 224 W Cent Pkwy,Ste 1006, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714 USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 4 IS 1 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1999)4:1(65) PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA V15AP UT WOS:000207775200009 ER PT J AU Mahler, BJ Lynch, FL AF Mahler, BJ Lynch, FL TI Muddy waters: temporal variation in sediment discharging from a karst spring SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE karst; sediment transport; spring; water quality; size distribution; pollution hydrology ID ENVIRONMENT; TRANSPORT; KENTUCKY AB Karst aquifers are capable of transporting and discharging large quantities of suspended sediment, which can have an important impact on water quality. Here we present the results of intensive monitoring of sediment discharging from a karst spring in response to two storm events, one following a wet season and the other following a dry season; we describe temporal changes in total suspended solids (TSS), mineralogy, and particle size distribution. Peak concentrations of suspended sediment coincided with changes in aqueous chemistry indicating arrival of surface water, suggesting that much of the discharging sediment had an allochthonous origin. Concentrations of suspended sediment peaked 14-16 h after rainfall, and the bulk of the sediment (approximately 1 metric ton in response to each storm) discharged within 24 h after rainfall. Filtered material included brightly colored fibers and organic matter. Suspended sediments consisted of dolomite, calcite, quartz, and clay. Proportions of each mineral constituent changed as the aquifer response to the storm progressed, indicating varying input from different sediment sources. The hydraulic response of the aquifer to precipitation was well described by changes in parameters obtained from the particle size distribution function, and corresponded to changes seen in TSS and mineralogy. Differences between storms in the quantity and mineralogy of sediment transported suggest that seasonal effects on surface sediment supply may be important. The quantity of sediment discharging and its potential to sorb and transport contaminants indicates that a mobile solid phase should be included in contaminant monitoring and contaminant transport models of karst. Temporal changes in sediment quantity and characteristics and differences between responses to the two storms, however, demonstrate that the process is not easily generalized. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Mahler, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8027 Exchange Dr, Austin, TX 78754 USA. OI Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552 NR 23 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 214 IS 1-4 BP 165 EP 178 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00287-X PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 168FQ UT WOS:000078681400013 ER PT J AU Colman, SM Peck, JA Hatton, J Karabanov, EB King, JW AF Colman, SM Peck, JA Hatton, J Karabanov, EB King, JW TI Biogenic silica records from the BDP93 drill site and adjacent areas of the Selenga Delta, Lake Baikal, Siberia SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL CLIMATE RESPONSE; GLOBAL YOUNGER-DRYAS; SEDIMENTS; INSOLATION; CORES; AGE AB Biogenic silica contents of sediments on the lower Selenga Delta and Buguldeika saddle in Lake Baikal show distinct fluctuations that reflect changes in diatom productivity, and ultimately, climate. The pattern of the upper 50 m of the section, dating from about 334 ka, is similar to that of the marine oxygen-isotope record, increasingly so as the younger sediments become progressively finer grained and less locally derived with time. The last two interglaciations are marked by biogenic silica abundances similar to those of the Holocene. The equivalent of marine oxygen-isotope stage 3 is distinctly intermediate in character between full glacial and full interglacial biogenic silica values. Following near-zero values during the last glacial maximum, biogenic silica began to increase at about 13 ka. The rise in biogenic silica to Holocene values was interrupted by an abrupt decrease during Younger Dryas time, about 11 to 10 C-14 ka. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Geosci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Colman, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM scolman@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 21 IS 1 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1023/A:1008064705030 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 183QV UT WOS:000079565700002 ER PT J AU Sohn, IG Swain, FM AF Sohn, IG Swain, FM TI On the superfamily Darwinuloidacea, the type species of Darwinuloidea Mandelstam, 1956, and on the status of Cheikella Sohn and Morris, 1963 (Ostracoda) SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Sohn, IG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Room E308, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 73 IS 1 BP 159 EP 160 PG 2 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 164YN UT WOS:000078491300013 ER PT J AU Clynne, MA AF Clynne, MA TI A complex magma mixing origin for rocks erupted in 1915, Lassen Peak, California SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE magma mixing; undercooled inclusions; disequilibrium phenocryst populations; banded pumice; Larsen ID PRIMITIVE CALC-ALKALINE; EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS; VOLCANIC-CENTER; CHAMBERS; DYNAMICS; CONSTRAINTS; INCLUSIONS; EVOLUTION; ELEMENT; RESERVOIRS AB The eruption of Lassen Peak in May 1915 produced four volcanic rock types within 3 days, and in the following order: (1) hybrid black dacite lava containing (2) undercooled andesitic inclusions, (3) compositionally banded pumice with dark andesite and light dacite bands, and (4) unbanded light dacite. All types represent stages of a complex mixing process between basaltic andesite and dacite that was interrupted by the eruption. They contain disequilibrium phenocryst assemblages characterized by the co-existence of magnesian olivine and quartz and by reacted and unreacted phenocrysts derived from the dacite. The petrography and crystal chemistry of the phenocrysts and the variation in rock compositions indicate that basaltic andesite intruded dacite magma and partially hybridized with it. Phenocrysts from the dacite magma were reacted. Cooling, crystallization, and vesiculation ofthe hybrid andesite magma converted it to a layer of magic foam. The decreased density of the andesite magma destabilized and disrupted the foam. Blobs of foam rose into and were further cooled by the overlying dacite mar;ma, forming the andesitic inclusions. Disaggregation of andesitic inclusions in the host dacite produced the black dacite and light dacite magmas. Formation of foam was a dynamic process. Removal of foam propagated the foam layer downward into the hybrid andesite magna. Eventually the thermal and compositional contrasts between the hybrid andesite and black dacite magmas were reduced. Then, they mixed directly, forming the dark andesite magma. About 40-50% andesitic inclusions were disaggregated into the host dacite to produce the hybrid black dacite. Thus, disaggregation of inclusions into small fragments and individual crystals can be an efficient magma-mixing process. Disaggregation of under-cooled inclusions carrying reacted host-magma phenocrysts produces co-existing reacted and unreacted phenocryst populations. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mclynne@mojave.wr.usgs.gov NR 59 TC 154 Z9 157 U1 2 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 EI 1460-2415 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 40 IS 1 BP 105 EP 132 DI 10.1093/petrology/40.1.105 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 166RZ UT WOS:000078592100006 ER PT J AU Keefer, DK AF Keefer, DK TI Earthquake-induced landslides and their effects on alluvial fans SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ROCKFALLS; SCALE AB Earthquakes as small as magnitude 4.0 may dislodge landslides from susceptible slopes, and larger earthquakes can generate tens of thousands of landslides throughout areas of hundreds of thousands of square kilometers, producing billions of cubic meters of loose, surficial sediment. These landslides can have significant geomorphic effects that vary depending on the landslide characteristics and materials, and on the settings in which the landslides occur. A review of data from historical earthquakes indicates that the landslides they generated can be classified into 14 different types. These include highly disaggregated and fast-moving falls, disrupted slides, and avalanches; more coherent and slower-moving slumps, block slides, and earth slides; and lateral spreads and flows that involve partly to completely liquefied material. Rock falls, disrupted rock slides, and disrupted slides of earth and debris are the most abundant types of earthquake-induced landslides, whereas earth hows, debris flows, and avalanches of rock, earth, or debris typically transport material the farthest, Because of their abundance or long distances of transport, these landslides generally have the greatest effects on the landscape during and after earthquakes. Landslide effects on alluvial fans include direct deposition of material on fan surfaces; fissuring and displacement of fan materials; alterations in drainage basins such as devegetation, denudation, and changes in channel networks; and generation of large amounts of sediment that may be transported to fans by post-earthquake water flows or debris flows. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 77 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 16 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 EI 1938-3681 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 69 IS 1 BP 84 EP 104 PN A PG 21 WC Geology SC Geology GA 157GX UT WOS:000078054200011 ER PT J AU Gehrels, GE Johnsson, MJ Howell, DG AF Gehrels, GE Johnsson, MJ Howell, DG TI Detrital zircon geochronology of the Adams Argillite and Nation River Formation, east-central Alaska, USA SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; CANADIAN CORDILLERA; ALEXANDER TERRANE; U-PB; GRENVILLE OROGEN; EVOLUTION; STRATA; PROVENANCE; LAURENTIA AB The Cambrian Adams Argillite and the Devonian Nation River Formation are two sandstone-bearing units within a remarkably complete Paleozoic stratigraphic section in east-central Alaska. These strata, now foreshortened and fault-bounded, were originally contiguous with miogeoclinal strata to the east that formed as a passive-margin sequence along the northwestern margin of the North American continent. Seventy-five detrital zircon grains from the Adams Argillite and the Nation River Formation were analyzed in an effort to provide constraints on the original sources of the grains, and to generate a detrital zircon reference for miogeoclinal strata in the northern Cordillera. Thirty-five single zircon grains from a quartzite in the Adams Argillite yield dominant age clusters of 1047-1094 (n = 6), 1801-1868 (n = 10), and 2564-2687 (n = 5) Ma. Forty zircons extracted from a sandstone in the Nation River Formation yield clusters primarily of 424-434 (n = 6), 1815-1838 (n = 6), 1874-1921 (n = 7), and 2653-2771 (n = 4) Ma. The Early Proterozoic and Archean grains in both units probably originated in basement rocks in a broad region of the Canadian Shield. In contrast, the original igneous sources for mid-Proterozoic grains in the Adams Argillite and similar to 430 Ma grains in the Nation River Formation are more difficult to identify. Possible original sources for the mid-Proterozoic grains include: (1) the Grenville Province of eastern Laurentia, (2) the Pearya terrane along the Arctic margin, and (3) mid-Proterozoic igneous rocks that may have been widespread along or outboard of the Cordilleran margin. The similar to 430 Ma grains may have originated in: (1) are-type sources along the Cordilleran margin, (2) the Caledonian orogen, or (3) a landmass, such as Pearya, Siberia, or crustal fragments now in northern Asia, that resided outboard of the Innuitian orogen during mid-Paleozoic time. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Geol, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Gehrels, GE (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 62 TC 36 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 11 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 1731 E 71ST STREET, TULSA, OK 74136-5108 USA SN 1073-130X J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 69 IS 1 BP 135 EP 144 PN A PG 10 WC Geology SC Geology GA 157GX UT WOS:000078054200015 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, MS Spalding, MG Kinsella, JM Forrester, DJ AF Sepulveda, MS Spalding, MG Kinsella, JM Forrester, DJ TI Parasites of the great egret (Ardea albus) in Florida and a review of the helminths reported for the species SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE great egret; Ardea albus; Florida; helminths; trematodes; nematodes; acanthocephalans; cestodes; survey; prevalence; intensity ID SOUTHERN FLORIDA; WADING BIRDS; DIGENEA; MEXICO; HETEROPHYIDAE; EUSTRONGYLIDOSIS; CICONIIFORMES; ASCOCOTYLE; INFECTION; NEMATODA AB Thirty-nine species of helminths (21 trematodes, 12 nematodes, 2 acanthocephalans, and 4 cestodes) were collected from 103 of 106 (97%) great egrets (Ardea albus) from Florida, 1987-1997. infected birds harbored a mean of 6 helminths (range, 1-23). Twenty-eight species are new host records. The most prevalent helminths were trematodes of the genera Posthodiplostomum and Ascocotyle (represented by at least 4 species each) and the nematode Contracaecum multipapillatum. A review of the parasitic helminths reported from great egrets is also presented. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sepulveda, MS (reprint author), Natl Biol Serv, USGS, Florida Caribbean Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 NR 50 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 66 IS 1 BP 7 EP 13 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 169ZN UT WOS:000078780300002 ER PT J AU Mignucci-Giannoni, AA Beck, CA Montoya-Ospina, RA Williams, EH AF Mignucci-Giannoni, AA Beck, CA Montoya-Ospina, RA Williams, EH TI Parasites and commensals of the West Indian manatee from Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Sirenia; Trichechus manatus; helminths; nematodes; digeneans; barnacles; remoras; Caribbean AB Metazoan parasites and commensals were collected from dead manatees salvaged in Puerto Rico. Thirty-five manatees were examined between 1980 and 1998. Parasites and commensals were identified in 20 (57%) manatees and included 3 species of helminths, 1 nematode (Heterocheilus tunicatus) and 2 digeneans (Chiorchis fabaceus and Cochleotrema cochleotrema). Two species of commensals were also associated with manatees: a barnacle (Chelonibia manati) and a fish (whitefin remora, Echeneis manateesides). The 3 species of helminths found in manatees constitute the first records of these parasite-host relationships for the study area. The record of C. manati is the first for the Caribbean, and thus the species is not endemic to the Gulf of Mexico as previously described. The speculation that West Indian manatees closer to the center of their geographic distribution would have a greater diversity of parasites was found not true for these insular specimens but perhaps could be true for continental South American specimens. C1 Caribbean Stranding Network, Red Caribena Varamientos, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Lajas, PR 00667 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Mignucci-Giannoni, AA (reprint author), Caribbean Stranding Network, Red Caribena Varamientos, POB 361715, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. OI Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A./0000-0003-1443-4873 NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 66 IS 1 BP 67 EP 69 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 169ZN UT WOS:000078780300012 ER PT J AU Pence, DB Cole, RA Brugger, KE Fischer, JR AF Pence, DB Cole, RA Brugger, KE Fischer, JR TI Epizootic podoknemidokoptiasis in American robins SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE American robin; epizootic; Knemidokoptes jamaicensis; knemidokoptic mange; podoacariasis; scaly leg; Turdus migratorius AB Epizootics of scaly leg disease caused by infection with the submacroscopic mite Knemidokoptes jamaicensis (Acari: Knemidokoptidae) in migratory American robins (Turdus mig ratorius) from a residential area of Tulsa (Oklahoma, USA) are documented during the winters (December through February) of 1993-94 and 1994-95. Estimates of 60 to >80% of the birds in several different flights arriving in the area had lesions consistent with knemidokoptic mange. Epizootic occurrence of K. jamaicensis also is confirmed incidentally in American robins from Georgia (USA) in 1995 and 1998 and in Florida (USA) in 1991. These are the first confirmed epizootics of scaly leg attributed to infections with mites specifically identified as K. jamaicensis in North America. Severity of observed lesions in American robins ranged from scaly hyperkeratosis of the feet and legs to extensive proliferative lesions with loss of digits or the entire foot in some birds. Histologically, there was severe diffuse hyperkeratosis of the epidermis which contained numerous mites and multifocal aggregates of degranulating to degenerating eosinophilic heterophils; there was mild to severe superficial dermatitis with aggregates of eosinophilic heterophils and some mononuclear cells. Based on limited data from affected captive birds in Florida, we questioned the efficacy of ivermectin as an effective acaricide for knemidokoptiasis and propose that conditions associated with captivity may exacerbate transmission of this mite among caged birds. While knemidokoptic mange apparently can result in substantial host morbidity and possibly mortality, the ultimate impact of these epizootics on American robin populations presently is unknown. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Madison, WI 53711 USA. DuPont Agr Prod, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Pence, DB (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, 3601 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 165KT UT WOS:000078520500001 PM 10073340 ER PT J AU Thome, DM Zabel, CJ Diller, LV AF Thome, DM Zabel, CJ Diller, LV TI Forest stand characteristics and reproduction of northern spotted owls in managed north-coastal California forests SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE clearcuts; habitat management; landscape pattern; northern spotted owl; private lands; redwoods; reproduction; residual trees; Strix occidentalis caurina ID NEST-SITE SELECTION; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; WESTERN OREGON; HABITAT-USE; HOME-RANGE; OLD-GROWTH; PREY; WASHINGTON; SUCCESS; PATTERN AB We monitored reproductive success of northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) at 51 sites on Simpson Timber Company's (STC) managed, young-growth forests in northwestern California from 1991 to 1995. We compared habitat characteristics between sites with high and low fecundity at 5 spatial scales (concentric circles of 7, 50, 114, 203, and 398 ha), using 2 stratifications of annual reproductive success (upper 50% vs. lower 50%, and upper 25% vs, lower 75% of the proportion of years when greater than or equal to 1 owlet fledged). Habitat features included number of residual trees per hectare and mean proportion of 6 categories of stand age and 4 categories of basal area. Using the 50th percentile categories, we found there were higher proportions of age class 21-40 years and basal area classes 23-45 and 46-69 m(2)/ha (P less than or equal to 0.05), but lower proportions of recent clearcuts (0-5 yr) and basal area >69 m(2)/ha (P less than or equal to 0.05) at sites with high reproductive success. Using the upper 25% and lower 75% categories, we found there were higher proportions of basal area class 23-45 m(2)/ha, lower proportions of 61-80-year-old stands, and more residual trees per hectare at sites with high reproductive success (P less than or equal to 0.05). We also compared random sites to occupied sites via the above parameters. Spotted owl sites contained lower proportions of basal area class <23 m(2)/ha and greater proportions of class >69 m(2)/ha than did random sites (P < 0.05). There was less young forest (6-40 yr) and more forest of age class 41-60 years at spotted owl than at random sites (P < 0.05). Low prey abundance around spotted owl nest sites, roost sites, or both may explain why older stands with more basal area were found in higher proportions at sites with lower fecundity: Spotted owls that chose younger stands with smaller trees may have benefited from higher woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes) availability in young stands. Managing habitat by retaining residual trees and limiting clearcutting to at least 1.1 km beyond nest sites may prove useful in increasing reproductive success of northern spotted owls. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Simpson Timber Co, Korbel, CA 95550 USA. RP Thome, DM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2321 W Royal Palm Rd,Suite 103, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA. EM darrin_thome@fws.gov NR 45 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 44 EP 59 DI 10.2307/3802486 PG 16 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 159WY UT WOS:000078199400005 ER PT J AU Ayers, LW Anderson, SH AF Ayers, LW Anderson, SH TI An aerial sightability model for estimating ferruginous hawk population size SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aerial survey; Buteo regalis; ferruginous hawk; logistic regression; population estimate; raptor; sightability model; visibility bias ID VISIBILITY BIAS; PRODUCTIVITY; EAGLES; ELK AB Most raptor aerial survey projects have focused on numeric description of visibility bias without identifying the contributing factors or developing predictive models to account for imperfect detection rates. Our goal was to develop a sightability model for nesting ferruginous hawks (Buteo regalis) that could account for nests missed during aerial surveys and provide more accurate population estimates. Eighteen observers, all unfamiliar with nest locations in a known population, searched for nests within 300 m of flight transects via a Maule fixed-wing aircraft. Flight variables tested for their influence on nest-detection rates included aircraft speed, height, direction of travel, time of day, light condition, distance to nest, and observer experience level. Nest variables included status (active vs. inactive), condition (i.e., excellent, good, fair, poor, bad), substrate type, topography, and tree density. A multiple logistic regression model identified nest substrate type, distance to nest, and observer experience level as significant predictors of detection rates (P < 0.05). The overall model was significant (chi(6)(2) = 124.4, P < 0.001, n = 255 nest observations), and the correct classification rate was 78.4%. During 2 validation surveys, observers saw 23.7% (14/59) and 36.5% (23/63) of the actual population. Sightability model predictions, with 90% confidence intervals, captured the true population in both tests. Our results indicate standardized aerial surveys, when used in conjunction with the predictive sightability model, can provide unbiased population estimates for nesting ferruginous hawks. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Ayers, LW (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 85 EP 97 DI 10.2307/3802489 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 159WY UT WOS:000078199400008 ER PT J AU Legare, ML Eddleman, WR Buckley, PA Kelly, C AF Legare, ML Eddleman, WR Buckley, PA Kelly, C TI The effectiveness of tape playback in estimating black rail density SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black rail; conditional probability density estimation; Florida; Laterallus jamaicensis; radiotelemetry; surveying techniques; tape playback; vocalizations; wetlands ID CALLS AB Tape playback is often the only efficient technique to survey for secretive birds. We measured the vocal responses and movements of radiotagged black rails (Laterallus jamaicensis; 26 M, 17 F) to playback of vocalizations at 2 sites in Florida during the breeding seasons of 1992-95. We used coefficients from logistic regression equations to model probability of a response conditional to the birds' sex, nesting status, distance to playback source, and time of survey. With a probability of 0.811, nonnesting male black rails were most likely to respond to playback, while nesting females were the least likely to respond (probability = 0.189). We used linear regression to determine daily, monthly, and annual variation in response from weekly playback surveys along a fixed route during the breeding seasons of 1993-95. Significant sources of variation in the regression model were month (F-3,F-48 = 3.89, P = 0.014), year (F-2,F-48 = 9.37, P < 0.001), temperature (F-1,F-48 = 5.44, P = 0.024), and month x year (F-5,F-48 = 2.69, P = 0.031). The model was highly significant (P < 0.001) and explained 54% of the variation of mean response per survey period (r(2) = 0.54). We combined response probability data from radiotagged black rails with playback survey route data to provide a density estimate of 0.25 birds/ha for the St. Johns National Wildlife Refuge. The relation between the number of black rails heard during playback surveys to the actual number present was influenced by a number of variables. We recommend caution when making density estimates from tape playback surveys. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Comp Sci & Stat, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Legare, ML (reprint author), Dynamac Corp, DYN-2, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. NR 34 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 116 EP 125 DI 10.2307/3802492 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 159WY UT WOS:000078199400011 ER PT J AU Hubbard, MW Garner, DL Klaas, EE AF Hubbard, MW Garner, DL Klaas, EE TI Wild turkey poult survival in southcentral Iowa SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE eastern wild turkey; flush count; Iowa; Meleagris gallopavo silvestris; mortality; radiotelemetry; survival AB Poult survival is key to understanding annual change in wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) populations. Survival of eastern wild turkey poults (M. g. silvestris) 0-4 weeks posthatch was studied in southcentral Iowa during 1994-97. Survival estimates of poults were calculated based on biweekly flush counts and daily locations acquired via radiotelemetry. Poult survival averaged 0.52 +/- 0.14% ((x) over bar +/- SE) for telemetry counts and 0.40 +/- 0.15 for flush counts. No within-year or across-year differences were detected between estimation techniques, More than 72% (n = 32) of documented poult mortality occurred less than or equal to 14 days posthatch, and mammalian predation accounted for 92.9% of documented mortality. If mortality agents are not of concern, we suggest biologists conduct 4-week flush counts to obtain poult survival estimates for use in population models and development of harvest recommendations. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Chariton Res Stn, Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Chariton, IA 50049 USA. RP Hubbard, MW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 11 Sci Hall 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.2307/3802501 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 159WY UT WOS:000078199400020 ER PT J AU Rivera-Milan, FF AF Rivera-Milan, FF TI Population dynamics of Zenaida doves in Cidra, Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE demography; density nests; population dynamics; predation; Puerto Rico; Zenaida aurita; Zenaida doves ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; NEST SUCCESS; COLUMBIDS; SURVIVAL; DENSITY; AURITA AB I collected line transect data and capture-recapture data to estimate basic demographic parameters of Zenaida doves (Zenaida aurita) in farmlands and second-growth forests in eastcentral Puerto Rico during 1990-92. Zenaida doves are widely hunted, and data on demographic parameters are needed for population management and monitoring. Mean survival rate and mean capture rate per sampling period of hatching-year (HY; <(<(phi)over cap>)over bar>(i) = 0.73, <((p) over cap)over bar>(i) = 0.07) and after-hatching-year (AHY; <(<(phi)over cap>)over bar>(i) = 0.75, <((p) over cap)over bar>(i) = 0.06) doves did not differ (Ps > 0.10). The standard Jolly-Seber model with time-specific survival and capture rates fit the capture-recapture data (Model A in JOLLY; P > 0.10). There was no difference between the survival and capture rates of newly versus previously captured HY and AHY birds (Ps > 0.10). Survival and capture rates varied by sampling period (Ps < 0.01). For AHY and HY birds combined, mean survival rate per sampling period was 0.84, and mean capture rate was 0.05. Mean population size was 1,451, and mean recruitment rate (births + immigrants) was 591/sampling period. Density of Zenaida doves was 0.97-1.78/ha during 1991-92. Density of nests was 2.44/ ha during January-December 1991, 1.69 during April-June 1991, and 1.44 during April-June 1992. Line transect surveys of Zenaida doves and nests were positively correlated (P < 0.01). The number of Zenaida doves and nests was positively correlated with capture-recapture estimates of population size (P < 0.10) and number of fledglings trapped for the first time (P < 0.02). Predator abundance was negatively correlated with number of nests located on the transects (P < 0.01), number of fledglings trapped for the first time (P less than or equal to 0.001), and estimates of recruitment rate (P < 0.05). Overall, mean daily nest survival rate was 0.98, and mean nesting success rate was 0.51; mean number of young fledged per nest was 1.31. Predation caused 88% of nest losses. Zenaida doves are well adapted for multiple brooding and extended nesting, and they are able to compensate for periods of low survival (deaths and emigration) via high recruitment rates (births + immigration). C1 Dept Nat & Environm Resources, Puerta De Tierra, PR 00906 USA. RP Rivera-Milan, FF (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Off Int Affairs, 4401 N Fairfax Dr Suite 740-ARLSQ, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 232 EP 244 DI 10.2307/3802505 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 159WY UT WOS:000078199400024 ER PT J AU Baker, BW Stanley, TR Sedgwick, JA AF Baker, BW Stanley, TR Sedgwick, JA TI Predation of artificial ground nests on white-tailed prairie dog colonies SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE artificial nests; Colorado; Cynomys leucurus; ground-nesting birds; predation; shortgrass prairie; shrub-steppe; Utah; vegetation; white-tailed prairie dog; Wyoming ID FRAGMENTATION; SUCCESS AB Prairie dog (Cynomys spp.) colonies are unique to prairie and shrub-steppe landscapes. However, widespread eradication, habitat loss, and sylvatic plague (Yersinia pestis) have reduced their numbers by 98% since historical times. Birds associated with prairie dogs also are declining. Potential nest predators, such as coyotes (Canis latrans), swift foxes (Vulpes velox), and badgers (Taxidea taxus), may be attracted to colonies where a high concentration of prairie dogs serve as available prey. Increased abundance of small mammals, including prairie dogs, also may increase the risk of predation for birds nesting on colonies. Finally, because grazing by prairie dogs may decrease vegetation height and canopy cover, bird nests may be easier for predators to locate. In this study, we placed 1,444 artificial ground nests on and off 74 white-tailed prairie dog (C. leucurus) colonies to test the hypothesis that nest predation rates are higher on colonies than at nearby off sites (i.e., uncolonized habitat). We sampled colonies from 27 May to 16 July 1997 at the following 3 complexes: Coyote Basin, Utah and Colorado; Moxa Arch, Wyoming; and Shirley Basin, Wyoming. Differences in daily predation rates between colonies and paired off sites averaged 1.0% ( P = 0.060). When converted to a typical 14-day incubation period, predation rates averaged 14% higher on colonies (57.7 +/- 2.7%; (x) over bar +/- SE) than at off sites (50.4 +/- 3.1%). Comparisons of habitat variables on colonies to off sites showed percent canopy cover of vegetation was similar (P = 0.114), percent bare ground was higher on colonies (P < 0.001), Rebel cover (i.e., visual obscurity of vegetation) was lower on colonies (P < 0.001), and density of active burrows was higher on colonies (P < 0.001). However, none of these habitat variables was correlated with differences in predation rates (P > 0.288). Although we found the risk of nest predation was higher on white-tailed prairie dog colonies than at off sites, fitness of birds nesting on colonies might depend on other factors that influence foraging success, reproductive success, or nestling survival. C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Baker, BW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, 4512 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 270 EP 277 DI 10.2307/3802509 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 159WY UT WOS:000078199400028 ER PT J AU Martin, KJ Anthony, RG AF Martin, KJ Anthony, RG TI Movements of northern flying squirrels in different-aged forest stands of western Oregon SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Glaucomys sabrinus; home range; movements; northern flying squirrel; old-growth; Oregon; radiotelemetry; second-growth; spotted owl ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; HOME RANGE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; HABITAT USE; POPULATIONS; 2ND-GROWTH; GLAUCOMYS AB In western Oregon, northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) are the primary prey species for northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina), an old-growth associated species. To assess differences between old-growth and second-growth habitat, we livetrapped and radiotagged 39 northern flying squirrels to estimate their home range sizes and describe movements in 2 old-growth and 2 second-growth conifer forest stands in the Cascade Mountains of central Oregon. Sampling periods were summer and fall of 1991-92. Home range sizes averaged 4.9 ha and did not differ (P > 0.30) between the 2 stand types. Male northern flying squirrels had larger (P less than or equal to 0.03) mean home ranges (5.9 +/- 0.8 ha; (x) over bar +/- SE; n = 20) than females (3.9 +/- 0.4 ha; n = 19). Northern flying squirrel movement distances between successive, noncorrelated telemetry locations averaged 71 m (n = 1,090). No correlation was found between distances moved and stand type or sex. Northern flying squirrel's home range sizes, movements, and densities were similar between the 2 stand types. We suggest abundance and movements of northern flying squirrels are not influencing the preferential selection of old-growth forests by northern spotted owls. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Martin, KJ (reprint author), 6265 Onwentsia Trail, Oregon, WI 53575 USA. EM kmartin@promega.com NR 41 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.2307/3802512 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 159WY UT WOS:000078199400031 ER PT J AU Rocke, TE Euliss, NH Samuel, MD AF Rocke, TE Euliss, NH Samuel, MD TI Environmental characteristics associated with the occurrence of avian botulism in wetlands of a northern California refuge SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; avian botulism; botulinum toxin; Clostridium botulinum Type C; environmental characteristics; sentinel mallards; waterfowl; wetlands ID SHALLOW WETLANDS; SAMPLER AB Avian botulism is an important disease affecting many species of waterbirds in North America, but the environmental conditions that initiate outbreaks are poorly understood. To determine wetland attributes associated with outbreaks of avian botulism in waterbirds at the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR), California, we compared environmental characteristics between wetlands where outbreaks occurred (outbreak wetlands) and did not occur (nonoutbreak wetlands). In June through October 1987-89, we monitored the occurrence of avian botulism via observations for sick or dead sentinel mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) placed in 4 wetland enclosures. During this same time period, we collected environmental data from the water column and sediments of each wetland enclosure at 10-14-day sampling intervals. Multivariate analysis was used to reduce 22 environmental variables to 7 factors for inclusion in subsequent statistical analyses. We found that outbreak wetlands had significantly lower redox potential than nonoutbreak wetlands. The probability of botulism in sentinel mallards was associated with increasing temperature, increasing Invertebrate abundance or biomass, and decreasing turbidity. However, because these factors were not consistently higher in outbreak wetlands compared to nonoutbreak wetlands, they may have a more proximate effect in initiating an outbreak. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, No Prairie Sci Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Rocke, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 34 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 358 EP 368 DI 10.2307/3802520 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 159WY UT WOS:000078199400039 ER PT J AU Ward, DH Stehn, RA Erickson, WP Derksen, DV AF Ward, DH Stehn, RA Erickson, WP Derksen, DV TI Response of fall-staging brant and Canada geese to aircraft overflights in southwestern Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aircraft; Alaska; brant; Branta bernicla nigricans; Branta canadensis taverneri; Canada geese; disturbance; experimental overflights; fall-staging; helicopters; Izembek Lagoon ID PACIFIC BLACK BRANT; HELICOPTER DISTURBANCE; IZEMBEK LAGOON; SNOW GEESE; SIMULATION; SURVIVAL AB Because much of the information concerning disturbance of waterfowl by aircraft is anecdotal, we examined behavioral responses of Pacific brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) and Canada geese (B. canadensis taverneri) to experimental overflights during fall staging at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska. These data were used to develop predictive models of brant and Canada goose response to aircraft altitude, type, noise, and lateral distance from flocks. Overall, 75% of brant flocks and 9% of Canada goose flocks flew in response to overflights. Mean flight and alert responses of both species were greater for rotary-wing than for fixed-wing aircraft and for high-noise than for low-noise aircraft. Increased lateral distance between an aircraft and a flock was the most consistent predictive parameter associated with lower probability of a response by geese. Altitude was a less reliable predictor because of interaction effects with aircraft type and noise. Although mean response of brant and Canada geese generally was inversely proportional to aircraft altitude, greatest response occurred at intermediate (305-760 m) altitudes. At Izembek Lagoon and other areas where there are large concentrations of waterfowl, managers should consider lateral distance from the birds as the primary criterion for establishing local flight restrictions, especially for helicopters. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. WEST Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. RP Ward, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM david_ward@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 373 EP 381 DI 10.2307/3802522 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 159WY UT WOS:000078199400041 ER PT J AU Pace, RM Afton, AD AF Pace, RM Afton, AD TI Direct recovery rates of lesser scaup banded in northwest Minnesota: Sources of heterogeneity SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aythya affinis; banding; condition-bias hypothesis; direct recovery rates; heterogeneity; hunting mortality; lesser scaup; Minnesota ID AMERICAN BLACK DUCKS; CONDITION BIAS; SHOT MALLARDS; SURVIVAL; VULNERABILITY; WATERFOWL; WINTER AB Heterogeneity in direct recovery rates is an important area of study because deductions about survival rates and hunting mortality are made from recovery data. We tested the hypothesis of condition bias in hunter-killed lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and tested differences among direct recovery rates ((f) over cap = proportion of birds banded that are killed by a hunter less than or equal to 3 months after release and reported) of scaup staging on Thief Lake Wildlife Management Area (TLWMA) and Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in northwestern Minnesota. Scaup were trapped, held for 24 hr, weighed, banded with standard aluminum leg bands, and released during 4 October-8 November 1983-86 at TLWMA, and 1984-86 at ANWR. During 1984-86, we also sprayed areas of white plumage with fluorescent paint, colorcoded by age and location. Recovery data obtained from cooperative hunters and the U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory were subjected to 3 sets of analyses. In an analysis of variance (ANOVA), after adjusting for sex, age, year, location of capture, and date of capture, body mass at capture of recovered birds was lower, on average, than those not recovered. Logistic regression indicated (1) probability of recovering a bird decreased with increasing body mass; (2) within years, probability of recovery increased with date of first capture; (3) scaup at TLWMA were recovered at greater rates than scaup at ANWR; (4) hatching-year (HY) scaup were recovered at greater rates than were after-hatching-year (AHY) birds; and (5) recovery was more likely during 1984-86 than in 1983. Finally, in a crude test of recovery distribution, recoveries of birds banded at ANWR were about half as likely as those banded on TLWMA to occur in Minnesota. We conclude that cohort membership (age, capture site) and condition, as measured by body mass, influence susceptibility to hunting mortality. These and other sources of heterogeneity in recovery rates should be considered when modeling survival of scaup. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resource Div, US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Pace, RM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resource Div, US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 29 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 389 EP 395 DI 10.2307/3802524 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 159WY UT WOS:000078199400043 ER PT J AU Kirby, RE Sargeant, GA AF Kirby, RE Sargeant, GA TI Survival of postfledging mallards in northcentral Minnesota SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; hunting; mallards; Minnesota; mortality; population dynamics; predation; survival ID NORTH-CENTRAL MINNESOTA; AMERICAN BLACK DUCKS; FEMALE MALLARDS; SUMMER SURVIVAL; RECOVERY RATES AB Effective, economical management of waterfowl populations requires an understanding of age-, sex-, and cause-specific forces of mortality. We used radiotelemetry to estimate survival rates of immature mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) from fledging to autumn migration in northcentral Minnesota. We monitored 48 females and 42 males during 1972-74 and observed 31 deaths during 2,984 exposure-days. We attributed 7 deaths to predation and 24 to hunting. Survival rates were 0.86 (SE = 0.047) for the postfledging-prehunting period, 0.29 (SE = 0.107) from the onset of hunting to migration, and 0.25 (SE = 0.094) for both periods combined. Natural mortality of fledged young had a negligible effect on recruitment to migration. Reducing natural mortality of fledged juvenile mallards would not have been a feasible means of increasing recruitment. Management strategies that increased nest success, increased brood survival, or decreased hunting mortality would more likely have produced meaningful gains in recruitment and are worthy subject's for continuing study. In northcentral Minnesota, changes in waterfowl habitats, predator populations, and hunting pressure have probably not changed the relative importance of hunting and nonhunting mortality to fledged juvenile mallards since our data were collected. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Kirby, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM ronald_kirby@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 403 EP 408 DI 10.2307/3802526 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 159WY UT WOS:000078199400045 ER PT J AU Centeno, JA Mullick, FG Finkelman, RB Zheng, BS AF Centeno, JA Mullick, FG Finkelman, RB Zheng, BS TI The etiology of arsenicism in Guizhou Province, southwest China SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 79 IS 1 MA 1020 BP 174A EP 174A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 162YZ UT WOS:000078376601032 ER PT B AU Godt, JW Savage, WZ AF Godt, JW Savage, WZ BE Griffiths, JS Stokes, MR Martin, RG TI El Nino 1997-98: Direct costs of damaging landslides in the San Francisco Bay region SO LANDSLIDES bk LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference and Field Trip on Landslides CY SEP 05-16, 1999 CL BRISTOL, ENGLAND ID CALIFORNIA AB In April and May of 1998, personnel from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a field reconnaissance in the San Francisco Bay area to provide a general overview of landslide damage resulting from the 1997-1998 sequence of El Nino-related storms. Seven scientists from the USGS Landslide Hazards Program based in Reston, Virginia, Golden, Colorado, Menlo Park, California, and five scientists from the USGS Geologic Mapping Program's San Francisco Bay Mapping Team based in Menlo Park, California, cooperated in the landslide damage assessments. The assessments were done for 10 counties in the Bay area: Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San Mateo, Solano, and Sonoma. In addition to the efforts of USGS scientists in providing data from the held evaluation, each of the counties, many consultants, and others cooperated fully in providing the landslide damage information summarized here. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Godt, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-078-7 PY 1999 BP 47 EP 55 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Geography; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Geography; Geology GA BP02Z UT WOS:000083931200005 ER PT B AU Howell, DG Brabb, EE Ahmad, R AF Howell, DG Brabb, EE Ahmad, R BE Griffiths, JS Stokes, MR Martin, RG TI Interest in landslide hazard information - Parallels between Kingston, Jamaica and the San Francisco Bay region, USA SO LANDSLIDES bk LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference and Field Trip on Landslides CY SEP 05-16, 1999 CL BRISTOL, ENGLAND AB Many surprising similarities exist between Jamaica and the San Francisco Bay region, including how landslide information is perceived by decision-makers and the public. A group composed of people from disciplines of geology, engineering, water and transportation, disaster response, development and urban planning, and environmental management were asked to comment on several topics about Landslide and land-use issues. The questions and an edited summary of their answers are included below: Their comments demonstrate the potential for real savings in both public and private funds by following prudent land-use planning and mitigation measures. This message, however, needs to be communicated all the way through the decision-making process. This message needs to be both HEARD and UNDERSTOOD, the public must come to BELIEVE the information, and the information must be packaged in a way that individuals can PERSONALIZE the message to ensure that they will indeed TAKE ACTION. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Howell, DG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-078-7 PY 1999 BP 73 EP 79 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Geography; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Geography; Geology GA BP02Z UT WOS:000083931200008 ER PT B AU Poag, CW Hutchinson, DR Colman, SM Lee, MW AF Poag, CW Hutchinson, DR Colman, SM Lee, MW BE Dressler, BO Sharpton, VL TI Seismic expression of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater: Structural and morphologic refinements based on new seismic data SO LARGE METEORITE IMPACTS AND PLANETARY EVOLUTION II SE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA SPECIAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution CY SEP 01-03, 1997 CL SUDBURY, CANADA SP Barringer Crater Co, Falconbridge Ltd, Geol Survey Canada, Inco Ltd, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Ontario Minist No Dev & Mines, Ontario Geol Survey, Quebec Minist Ressources Nat ID EVENT; SHELF AB This work refines previous interpretations of the structure and morphology of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater on the basis of more than 1,200 km of multichannel and single-channel seismic reflection profiles collected in the bay and on the adjacent continental shelf. The outer rim, formed in sedimentary rocks, is irregularly circular, with an average diameter of similar to 85 km, A 20-25-km-wide annular trough separates the outer rim from an ovate, crystalline peak ring of similar to 200 m of maximum relief. The inner basin is 35-40 km in diameter, and at least 1.26 km deep. A crystalline(?) central peak, approximately 1 km high, is faintly imaged on three profiles, and also is indicated by a small positive Bouguer gravity anomaly. These features classify the crater as a complex peak-ring/central peak crater, Chesapeake Bay Crater is most comparable to the Ries and Popigai Craters on Earth; to protobasins on Mars, Mercury, and the Moon; and to type D craters on Venus. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Poag, CW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA BN 0-8137-2339-6 J9 GEOL S AM S PY 1999 IS 339 BP 149 EP 164 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BP87T UT WOS:000086466500008 ER PT B AU Plescia, JB AF Plescia, JB BE Dressler, BO Sharpton, VL TI Gravity signature of the Teague Ring impact structure, Western Australia SO LARGE METEORITE IMPACTS AND PLANETARY EVOLUTION II SE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA SPECIAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution CY SEP 01-03, 1997 CL SUDBURY, CANADA SP Barringer Crater Co, Falconbridge Ltd, Geol Survey Canada, Inco Ltd, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Ontario Minist No Dev & Mines, Ontario Geol Survey, Quebec Minist Ressources Nat AB Teague Ring is an impact structure in Western Australia (25 degrees 50' S; 120 degrees 55' E) having a diameter of about 31 km and an age of approximately 1,630 Ma. A gravity survey over the feature defines a significant negative Bouguer anomaly of about -12 mGal, This gravity anomaly is modeled as a mass of material, corresponding to the central crystalline core of the structure, having a negative density contrast, with respect to the adjacent rocks of -0.13 g cm(-3) and extending to a depth of similar to 5 km, At Teague Ring, the extensive allochthonous and autochthonous breccia deposits (typically producing low-density material) have been removed by several kilometers of erosion. Therefore, the low-density material is interpreted to be caused by the fracturing of the crystalline basement complex below such brecciated material. The magnitude of the Teague Ring gravity anomaly is consistent with those of other similar-size terrestrial impact structures. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Plescia, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RI Plescia, Jeffrey/B-7738-2016 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA BN 0-8137-2339-6 J9 GEOL S AM S PY 1999 IS 339 BP 165 EP 175 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BP87T UT WOS:000086466500009 ER PT S AU Crouse, DT AF Crouse, DT BE Musick, JA TI The consequences of delayed maturity in a human-dominated world SO LIFE IN THE SLOW LANE: ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF LONG-LIVED MARINE ANIMALS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Conservation of Long-Lived Marine Animals CY AUG 24, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID SEA TURTLES; CONSERVATION AB Long-lived marine species are particularly vulnerable to human perturbations for reasons related both to the species' demographics and human perception. Marine turtles provide an illustrative example: species delay maturity from 10 to as late as 30-60 years, and human monitoring of turtle populations focuses primarily on nesting adult females and nest production. Apparently marine turtles are trading early reproduction for later reproduction at a larger size, facilitating higher fecundity to overcome variable, often very high, natural mortality in eggs and early life stages. Human perturbations increase mortality of marine turtles at all life stages. However, population modeling has shown that annual survival of some stages, particularly large juveniles and adults, may be particularly critical to population maintenance and recovery. At the same time, monitoring focused on the larger, usually older, life stages of long-lived marine species may be a relatively poor indicator of actual population health and trends. High bycatch of long-lived marine species in long-line fisheries is outlined and concerns raised. Precautions, based on long-lived species' vulnerability and the limitations of our ability to adequately monitor population status, should be built into management regimes. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Endangered Species, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Crouse, DT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Endangered Species, 4401 N Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 52 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-15-8 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1999 VL 23 BP 195 EP 202 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BN69L UT WOS:000082615800015 ER PT J AU Lathrop, RC Carpenter, SR Robertson, DM AF Lathrop, RC Carpenter, SR Robertson, DM TI Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FISH; BIOMANIPULATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; ZOOPLANKTON; MODEL; APHANIZOMENON; MINNESOTA; PHASE AB Linear models were developed for predicting mean Secchi disk depth readings as a measure of water clarity for the summer months in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin. The 20-yr (1976-1995) data set also included external phosphorus (P) loadings and in-lake April P concentrations as indices of lake nutrient status, and monthly (28 d) water column stabilities and Daphnia biomasses as indices of lake mixing and algal grazing potentials, respectively. June Secchi depths were mostly controlled by food web dynamics, which dictated whether the larger-bodied Daphnia pulicaria or the smaller-bodied D. galeata mendotae dominated during the spring clear-water phase. May Daphnia biomasses were significantly greater in D. pulicaria-dominated years than in D. galeata-dominated years; D. pulicaria-year biomasses were also greater during the summer months. The model for the midsummer (July-August) months indicated that Secchi depths were inversely related to April P concentrations and positively related to midsummer Daphnia biomasses and lake stabilities. Scenarios for midsummer Secchi depths were tested using the observed minimum and maximum values for each predictor variate. While holding two variates constant, April P, Daphnia biomass, and lake stability each resulted in relatively similar Secchi ranges (0.81, 0.81, and 1.17 m, respectively). Our results suggest that summer water clarity in eutrophic Lake Mendota is controlled by interacting ecosystem processes linked to land use activities, lake food web dynamics, and climate. C1 Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Monona, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Lathrop, RC (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 1350 Femrite Dr, Monona, WI 53706 USA. OI Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596 NR 57 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 44 IS 1 BP 137 EP 146 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 162ZT UT WOS:000078378300012 ER PT J AU Joye, SB Connell, TL Miller, LG Oremland, RS Jellison, RS AF Joye, SB Connell, TL Miller, LG Oremland, RS Jellison, RS TI Oxidation of ammonia and methane in an alkaline, saline lake SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID HYPERSALINE MONO-LAKE; BIG-SODA LAKE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY; CALIFORNIA; NITROGEN; NITRIFICATION; MEROMIXIS; RATES; SEDIMENTS; NEVADA AB The oxidation of ammonia (NH3) and methane (CH4) was investigated in an alkaline saline lake. Mono Lake, California (U.S.A.). Ammonia oxidation was examined in April and July 1995 by comparing dark (CO2)-C-14 fixation rates in the presence or absence of methyl fluoride (MeF), an inhibitor of NH3 oxidation. Ammonia oxidizer-mediated dark (CO2)-C-14 fixation rates were similar in surface (5-7 m) and oxycline (11-15 m) waters, ranging between 70-340 and 89-186 nM d(-1), respectively, or 1-7% of primary production by phytoplankton. Ammonia oxidation rates ranged between 580-2,830 nM d(-1) in surface waters and 732-1,548 nM d(-1) in oxycline waters. Methane oxidation was examined using a (CH4)-C-14 tracer technique in July 1994, April 1995, and July 1995. Methane oxidation rates were consistently higher in July, and rates in oxycline and anaerobic bottom waters (0.5-37 and 7-48 nM d(-1), respectively) were 10-fold higher than those in aerobic surface waters (0.04-3.8 nM d(-1)). The majority of CH4 oxidation, in terms of integrated activity, occurred within anoxic bottom waters. Water column oxidation reduced the potential lake-atmosphere CH4 flux by a factor of two to three. Measured oxidation rates and water column concentrations were used to estimate the biological turnover times of NH3 and CH4. The NH3 pool turns over rapidly, on time scales of 0.8 d in surface waters and 10 d within the oxycline, while CH4 is cycled on 10(2)-d time scales in surface waters and 10(2)-d time scales within oxycline and bottom waters. Our data suggest an important role for NH3 oxidation in alkaline, saline lakes since the process converts volatile NH, to soluble NO2, thereby reducing loss via lake-atmosphere exchange and maintaining nitrogen in a form that is readily available to phytoplankton. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Sierra Nevada Aquat Res Lab, Mammoth Lakes, CA 93546 USA. RP Joye, SB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Jellison, Robert/E-4923-2012; OI Joye, Samantha/0000-0003-1610-451X NR 51 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 44 IS 1 BP 178 EP 188 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 162ZT UT WOS:000078378300016 ER PT J AU Rose, CD Sharp, WC Kenworthy, WJ Hunt, JH Lyons, WG Prager, EJ Valentine, JF Hall, MO Whitfield, PE Fourqurean, JW AF Rose, CD Sharp, WC Kenworthy, WJ Hunt, JH Lyons, WG Prager, EJ Valentine, JF Hall, MO Whitfield, PE Fourqurean, JW TI Overgrazing of a large seagrass bed by the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus in Outer Florida Bay SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE seagrass; sea urchin; herbivory; Syringodium filiforme; Lytechinus variegatus; Florida Bay; disturbance ID SYRINGODIUM-FILIFORME; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; FORAGING PATTERNS; CHELONIA-MYDAS; REEFS; USA; ECOSYSTEMS; MEADOWS; ISLANDS; GULF AB Unusually dense aggregations of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus overgrazed at least 0.81 km(2) of seagrass habitat in Outer Florida Bay (USA) between August 1997 and May 1998. Initially, sea-urchin densities were as high as 364 sea urchins m(-2), but they steadily declined to within a range of 20 to 50 sea urchins m(-2) by December 1998. Prior to this event, sea-urchin densities were <1 sea urchin m(-2) in this area of Outer Florida Bay. Seagrasses in Outer Florida Bay consist primarily of manatee grass Syringodium filiforme, of which 82% or 390 g dry weight m(-2) of total seagrass biomass and >95% of the short-shoot apical meristems were removed by sea-urchin grazing in our study area. Such extensive loss may severely limit recovery of this seagrass community by vegetative reproduction. Effects of the removal of seagrass biomass have already resulted in the depletion of epifaunal-infaunal mollusk assemblages and resuspension of fine-grained (<64 mu m) surface sediments-which have caused significant changes in community structure and in the physical properties of the sediments. These changes, coupled with the loss of essential fishery habitat, reductions in primary and secondary production, and degradation of water quality, may lead to additional, longer-term, indirect effects that may extend beyond the boundaries of the grazed areas and into adjacent coastal ecosystems. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida Marine Res Inst, Florida Dept Environm Protect, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Florida Marine Res Inst, Florida Dept Environm Protect, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ S Alabama, Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Mobile, AL 36528 USA. Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Mobile, AL 36528 USA. RP Rose, CD (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol, Univ Pk, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM crose01@fiu.edu RI Fourqurean, James/B-4606-2008 OI Fourqurean, James/0000-0002-0811-8500 NR 39 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 11 U2 49 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 1999 VL 190 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.3354/meps190211 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 270TU UT WOS:000084553000016 ER PT J AU Anderson, PJ Piatt, JF AF Anderson, PJ Piatt, JF TI Community reorganization in the Gulf of Alaska following ocean climate regime shift SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE shrimp; capelin; forage fish; Gulf of Alaska; groundfish; climate change ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; PANDALUS-BOREALIS; NORTH PACIFIC; PAVLOF BAY; NE PACIFIC; SHRIMP; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; PREDATION; MORTALITY AB A shift in ocean climate during the late 1970s triggered a reorganization of community structure in the Gulf of Alaska ecosystem, as evidenced in changing catch composition on long-term (1953 to 1997) small-mesh trawl surveys, Forage species such as pandalid shrimp and capelin declined because of recruitment failure and predation, and populations have not yet recovered. Total trawl catch biomass declined >50% and remained low through the 1980s. In contrast, recruitment of high trophic-level groundfish improved during the 1980s, yielding a >250% increase in catch biomass during the 1990s. This trophic reorganization apparently had negative effects on piscivorous sea birds and marine mammals. C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Res Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Anderson, PJ (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM paul.j.anderson@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 325 Z9 334 U1 3 U2 80 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 1999 VL 189 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.3354/meps189117 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 267QK UT WOS:000084370600011 ER PT J AU Lucas, LV Koseff, JR Cloern, JE Monismith, SG Thompson, JK AF Lucas, LV Koseff, JR Cloern, JE Monismith, SG Thompson, JK TI Processes governing phytoplankton blooms in estuaries. I: The local production-loss balance SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton; estuaries; model; benthic grazing; bathymetry; light ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; CRITICAL DEPTH; DYNAMICS; MODEL; GROWTH; CARBON; CALIFORNIA; EXCHANGE; SHALLOW; RATES AB The formation and spatial distribution of phytoplankton blooms in estuaries are controlled by (1) local mechanisms, which determine the production-loss balance for a water column at a particular spatial location (i.e, control if a bloom is possible), and (2) transport-related mechanisms, which govern biomass distribution (i.e. control if and where a bloom actually occurs). In this study, the first of a 2-paper series, we use a depth-averaged numerical model as a theoretical tool to describe how interacting local conditions (water column height. light availability, benthic grazing) influence the local balance between phytoplankton sources and sinks. We also explore trends in the spatial variability of the production-loss balance across the topographic gradients between deep channels and lateral shoals which are characteristic of shallow estuaries. For example, under conditions of high turbidity and slow benthic grazing the highest rates of phytoplankton population growth are found in the shallowest regions. On the other hand, with low turbidity and rapid benthic grazing the highest growth rates occur in the deeper areas. We also explore the effects of semidiurnal tidal variation in water column height. as well as spring-neap variability. Local population growth in the shallowest regions is very sensitive to tidal-scale shallowing and deepening of the water column, especially in the presence of benthic grazing. A spring-neap signal in population growth rate is also prominent in the shallow areas. Population growth in deeper regions is less sensitive to temporal variations in tidal elevation. These results show that both shallow and deep regions of estuaries can act as sources or sinks for phytoplankton biomass, depending on the local conditions of mean water column height, tidal amplitude, Light-Limited growth rate, and consumption by grazers. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Fluid Mech Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lucas, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. EM llucas@usgs.gov RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; Ross, Donald/F-7607-2012; OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-8659-3833; Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 NR 37 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 1999 VL 187 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.3354/meps187001 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 258GL UT WOS:000083830200001 ER PT J AU Lucas, LV Koseff, JR Monismith, SG Cloern, JE Thompson, JK AF Lucas, LV Koseff, JR Monismith, SG Cloern, JE Thompson, JK TI Processes governing phytoplankton blooms in estuaries. II: The role of horizontal transport SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton; estuaries; model; transport; bathymetry; benthic grazing; light ID SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; TIME SCALES; CALIFORNIA; SHALLOW; CURRENTS; DYNAMICS; USA AB The development and distribution of phytoplankton blooms in estuaries are functions of both local conditions (i.e, the production-loss balance for a water column at a particular spatial location) and large-scale horizontal transport. In this study, the second of a 2-paper series, we use a depth-averaged hydrodynamic-biological model to identify transport-related mechanisms impacting phytoplankton biomass accumulation and distribution on a system level. We chose South San Francisco Bay as a model domain. since its combination of a deep channel surrounded by broad shoals is typical of drowned-river estuaries. Five general mechanisms involving interaction of horizontal transport with variability in local conditions are discussed. Residual (on the order of days to weeks) transport mechanisms affecting bloom development and location include residence time/export, import, and the role of deep channel regions as conduits for mass transport. Interactions occurring on tidal time scales, i.e. (on the order of hours) include the phasing of lateral oscillatory tidal flow relative to temporal changes in local net phytoplankton growth rates, as well as lateral sloshing of shoal-derived biomass into deep channel regions during ebb and back into shallow regions during flood tide. Based on these results, we conclude that: (1) while local conditions control whether a bloom is possible, the combination of transport and spatial-temporal variability in local conditions determines if and where a bloom will actually occur; (2) tidal-time-scale physical-biological interactions provide important mechanisms for bloom development and evolution. As a result of both subtidal and tidal-time-scale transport processes. peak biomass may not be observed where local conditions are most favorable to phytoplankton production, and inherently unproductive areas may be regions of high biomass accumulation. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Fluid Mech Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lucas, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. EM llucas@usgs.gov RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; Ross, Donald/F-7607-2012; OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-8659-3833; Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 NR 26 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 1999 VL 187 BP 17 EP 30 DI 10.3354/meps187017 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 258GL UT WOS:000083830200002 ER PT J AU Schlekat, CE Decho, AW Chandler, GT AF Schlekat, CE Decho, AW Chandler, GT TI Dietary assimilation of cadmium associated with bacterial exopolymer sediment coatings by the estuarine amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus: effects of Cd concentration and salinity SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE exopolysaccharides; cadmium; Leptocheirus plumulosus; bioavailability; salinity ID ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; MACOMA-BALTHICA; POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; MARINE BIVALVES; FINE-STRUCTURE; METALS; TOXICITY; BIOAVAILABILITY; AVAILABILITY; COPEPODS AB Bacterial extracellular substances (also known as exopolysaccharides, or EPS) may serve as vectors for trophic transfer of metals in benthic systems because these ubiquitous sediment coatings can sorb high concentrations of toxic metals, and because many benthic invertebrates assimilate EPS sediment coatings upon ingestion. We conducted 3 sets of experiments to determine the assimilative bioavailability of EPS-associated Cd to the benthic amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus as a function of Cd concentration and salinity. Bioavailability was measured as L. plumulosus Cd assimilation efficiency (AE) from EPS-coated silica (EPS-Si) and from uncoated silica (NC-Si) using modified pulse-chase methods with the gamma-emitting radioisotope Cd-109. Cd AE was significantly greater from NC-Si than from EPS-Si at 7.5 parts per thousand, but not at 2.5 or 25 parts per thousand. Overall, Cd AE from EPS-Si was between 15.1 and 21.5 %. Because EPS-Si sorbed more Cd than NC-Si, EPS coatings magnified the amount of Cd amphipods accumulated at each salinity by up to a factor of 10. Salinity did not directly affect Cd AE from EPS-Si, but because Cd-EPS partitioning increased with decreasing salinity, annphipods accumulated more Cd from EPS at the lowest Cd-EPS incubation salinity (2.5 parts per thousand) than at higher salinities (7.5 and 25 Xa). Finally, Cd concentration in EPS exhibited an inverse relationship with Cd AE at 2.5 parts per thousand, but not at 25 parts per thousand. Specifically, Cd AE was 12 times greater at 1 compared with 10 mu g Cd mu g(-1) EPS. Together, these results show that estuarine benthos can accumulate Cd from EPS sediment coatings, but that the degree to which this phenomenon occurs is dependent upon seawater salinity and Cd concentration in EPS. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, MS 465,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cschleka@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 1999 VL 183 BP 205 EP 216 DI 10.3354/meps183205 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 222UK UT WOS:000081803500019 ER PT J AU Marsh, H Beck, CA Vargo, T AF Marsh, H Beck, CA Vargo, T TI Comparison of the capabilities of dugongs and West Indian manatees to masticate seagrasses SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIET C1 James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Trop Environm Studies & Geog & CRC Reef Res, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. USGS, Biol Resources Div, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. James Cook Univ N Queensland, Dept Trop Environm Studies & Geog & CRC Reef Res, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Marsh, H (reprint author), James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Trop Environm Studies & Geog & CRC Reef Res, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. OI Marsh, Helene/0000-0003-3492-4992 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1 BP 250 EP 255 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00798.x PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 147KZ UT WOS:000077568300020 ER PT B AU Bodkin, JL Udevitz, MS AF Bodkin, JL Udevitz, MS BE Garner, GW Amstrup, SC Laake, JL Manly, BFJ McDonald, LL Robertson, DG TI An aerial survey method to estimate sea otter abundance SO MARINE MAMMAL SURVEY AND ASSESSMENT METHODS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Surveys, Status and Trends of Marine Mammal Populations CY FEB 25-27, 1998 CL NOAA, NW FISHERIES SCI CTR, SEATTLE, WA SP Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA HO NOAA, NW FISHERIES SCI CTR DE abundance; detection; distribution; disturbance; Enhydra lutris; Prince William Sound ID CALIFORNIA AB Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) occur in shallow coastal habitats and can be highly visible on the sea surface. They generally rest in groups and their detection depends on factors that include sea conditions, viewing platform, observer technique and skill, distance, habitat and group size. While visible on the surface, they are difficult to see while diving and mag dive in response to an approaching sun ey platform. We developed and tested an aerial survey method that uses intensive searches within portions of strip transects to adjust for availability and sightability biases. Correction factors are estimated independently for each survey and observer. In tests of our method using shore-based observers, we estimated detection probabilities of 0.52-0.72 in standard strip-transects and 0.96 in intensive searches. We used the survey method in Prince William Sound, Alaska to estimate a sea otter population size of 9,092 (SE = 1422). The new method represents an improvement over various aspects of previous methods, but additional development and testing will be required prior to its broad application. C1 USGS, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Bodkin, JL (reprint author), USGS, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-043-4 PY 1999 BP 13 EP 26 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BM94M UT WOS:000080210900002 ER PT B AU Udevitz, MS AF Udevitz, MS BE Garner, GW Amstrup, SC Laake, JL Manly, BFJ McDonald, LL Robertson, DG TI Modeling variability in replicated surveys at aggregation sites SO MARINE MAMMAL SURVEY AND ASSESSMENT METHODS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Surveys, Status and Trends of Marine Mammal Populations CY FEB 25-27, 1998 CL NOAA, NW FISHERIES SCI CTR, SEATTLE, WA SP Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA HO NOAA, NW FISHERIES SCI CTR DE adjusted count; aggregation; availability bias; haul-out; model; monitor; Odobenus rosmarus; power; survey; time series; trend; walrus ID POPULATION; WALRUS; TRENDS; COUNTS; SEALS AB Surveys of aggregation sites can provide unbiased estimates of annual trends in population size if the proportion of the population counted at these sites does not vary systematically among years. However, counts at these sites tend to be highly variable and resulting trend estimates typically have poor precision. I developed an index based on a simple parametric model for counts of Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at haul-out sites in Bristol Bay, Alaska that accounted for the general temporal pattern of variability in the proportion of the population at the sites. Simulations suggested that an index based on mean annual counts was a more sensitive indicator of trend than the model-based index or the currently used index based on maximum annual counts. The model-based index may be more useful for other situations where timing of the aggregation peak is more variable. C1 USGS, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Udevitz, MS (reprint author), USGS, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-043-4 PY 1999 BP 167 EP 177 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BM94M UT WOS:000080210900014 ER PT B AU Doebrich, JL Al-Otaibi, R Al-Tayyar, J Siddiqui, AA AF Doebrich, JL Al-Otaibi, R Al-Tayyar, J Siddiqui, AA BE Stanley, CJ Rankin, AH Bodnar, RJ Naden, J Yardley, BWD Criddle, AJ Hagni, RD Gize, AP Pasava, J Fleet, AJ Seltmann, R Halls, C Stemprok, M Williamson, B Herrington, RJ Hill, RET Prichard, HM Wall, F TI Ad Duwayah, Saudi Arabia: A Neoproterozoic porphyry gold system SO MINERAL DEPOSITS: PROCESSES TO PROCESSING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Geology-Applied-to-Mineral-Deposits / 10th Quadrennial Symposium of the International-Association-on-the-Genesis-of-Ore-Deposits CY AUG 22-25, 1999 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Soc Geol Appl Mineral Deposits, Int Assoc Genesis Ore Deposits ID CONTINENTAL MICROPLATE; SHIELD; ACCRETION AB Recent exploration of the Ad Duwayah prospect in the central Arabian shield has identified a significant gold resource (15 t Au) related to multiple Neoproterozoic intrusive events. Rhyolitic metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks were successively intruded by diorite, granodiorite, rhyolite porphyry, and granite. As plutonism and the mineralizing process progressed, so did the nature of hydrothermal alteration, from potassic, to phyllic, to propylitic. The main gold mineralizing episode was closely associated, in time and space, with emplacement of rhyolite porphyry and phyllic alteration. Styles of gold mineralization include zones of stockwork veins, zones of hydrothermal breccia, discrete high-grade tabular veins, and shear zones with ductile deformation. Gold is intimately associated with pyrite and commonly found as inclusions and late microfracture fillings in pyrite. All characteristics of the gold-bearing system support a "porphyry gold" type deposit classification for Ad Duwayah. C1 US Geol Survey, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. RP Doebrich, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-068-X PY 1999 BP 341 EP 344 PG 4 WC Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BN63H UT WOS:000082419300084 ER PT B AU Hein, JR Dowling, J Stamatakis, MG AF Hein, JR Dowling, J Stamatakis, MG BE Stanley, CJ Rankin, AH Bodnar, RJ Naden, J Yardley, BWD Criddle, AJ Hagni, RD Gize, AP Pasava, J Fleet, AJ Seltmann, R Halls, C Stemprok, M Williamson, B Herrington, RJ Hill, RET Prichard, HM Wall, F TI Hydrothermal Mn-oxide deposit rich in Ba, Zn, As, Pb and Sb' Milos Island, Greece SO MINERAL DEPOSITS: PROCESSES TO PROCESSING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Geology-Applied-to-Mineral-Deposits / 10th Quadrennial Symposium of the International-Association-on-the-Genesis-of-Ore-Deposits CY AUG 22-25, 1999 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Soc Geol Appl Mineral Deposits, Int Assoc Genesis Ore Deposits AB Miles Island is part of the active Aegean volcanic are. A l-km long basin located between two dacitic domes in northwest Miles is filled a 35-50-m thick section of Quaternary volcaniclastic and pyroclastic rocks capped by reef limestone that were hydrothermally mineralized by Mn oxides. Mn occurs as thin layers, cement for sandstone, and completely replaced the limestone, including abundant fossil shells. Mn minerals include chiefly delta-MnO2, pyrolusite, and ramsdellite. MnO contents for single beds range up to 60%. The Mn deposits are rich in Pb (to 3.4%), BaO (to 3.1%), Zn (to 0.8%), As (to 0.3%), and Sb (to 0.2%). The deposits formed from hydrothermal fluids that leached basement and volcanogenic rocks. The distal hydrothermal fluids ascended through the volcaniclastic-limestone section as both focused- and diffuse-flow. The fluids mineralized the beds of greatest porosity and filled dilational fractures. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Hein, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-068-X PY 1999 BP 519 EP 522 PG 4 WC Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BN63H UT WOS:000082419300128 ER PT B AU Taylor, CD Premo, WR Leventhal, JS Meier, AL Johnson, CA Newkirk, SR Hall, TE Lear, KG Harris, AG AF Taylor, CD Premo, WR Leventhal, JS Meier, AL Johnson, CA Newkirk, SR Hall, TE Lear, KG Harris, AG BE Stanley, CJ Rankin, AH Bodnar, RJ Naden, J Yardley, BWD Criddle, AJ Hagni, RD Gize, AP Pasava, J Fleet, AJ Seltmann, R Halls, C Stemprok, M Williamson, B Herrington, RJ Hill, RET Prichard, HM Wall, F TI The Greens Creek deposit, southeastern Alaska: A VMS-SEDEX hybrid SO MINERAL DEPOSITS: PROCESSES TO PROCESSING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Geology-Applied-to-Mineral-Deposits / 10th Quadrennial Symposium of the International-Association-on-the-Genesis-of-Ore-Deposits CY AUG 22-25, 1999 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Soc Geol Appl Mineral Deposits, Int Assoc Genesis Ore Deposits AB Greens Creek is the most significant producer in a group of deposits that occurs in southeastern Alaska and British Columbia. The deposit is in a 600-km-long belt of volcano-sedimentary rocks formed during intra-are rifting in latest Triassic time. The orebodies lie dong a contact between greenschist and a hanging wall argillite. Orebodies are zoned from silica-carbonate barite-rich, to massive pyritic, to base-metal-rich massive sulfide ores against the hanging wall. Primary textures are preserved in similar to 30% of the ores. The orebodies overlie a huge zoned alteration halo characterized by complex carbonate mineralogy, Cr- and Ba-rich silicates, and the absence of a focussed feeder system. Faunal and radiogenic isotopic studies place ore formation within an eleven million-year interval. Lead isotopes indicate derivation of metals from at least two sources; primitive mafic-ultramafic volcanics and intrusions, and the overlying black shales. Sulfur isotopes are consistent with open system biogenic reduction of seawater sulfate. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Taylor, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-068-X PY 1999 BP 597 EP 600 PG 4 WC Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BN63H UT WOS:000082419300148 ER PT B AU Hayes, TS Balkhyur, M Beshir, Z Kadi, K Siddiqui, A AF Hayes, TS Balkhyur, M Beshir, Z Kadi, K Siddiqui, A BE Stanley, CJ Rankin, AH Bodnar, RJ Naden, J Yardley, BWD Criddle, AJ Hagni, RD Gize, AP Pasava, J Fleet, AJ Seltmann, R Halls, C Stemprok, M Williamson, B Herrington, RJ Hill, RET Prichard, HM Wall, F TI Phanerozoic sediment-hosted base-metal mineralization in Saudi Arabia SO MINERAL DEPOSITS: PROCESSES TO PROCESSING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Geology-Applied-to-Mineral-Deposits / 10th Quadrennial Symposium of the International-Association-on-the-Genesis-of-Ore-Deposits CY AUG 22-25, 1999 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Soc Geol Appl Mineral Deposits, Int Assoc Genesis Ore Deposits AB Three sediment-hosted base-metals mineralizing systems have been identified within Phanerozoic rocks in Saudi Arabia. These are: 1. a Middle Cambrian-hosted red bed-associated stratabound copper system; 2. a Jurassic-and-Early Cretaceous-hosted Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) system; and 3. a Miocene-carbonate-hosted, salt-related Zn-Pb-barite system. Two additional base-metals anomalies are yet to be classified: 4. an area of Permian-hosted Cu-Zn mineralization in central Arabia, and 5. Paleozoic-hosted Zn-Pb-Ba anomalies within the "ferruginized" tops of sandstone units and bottoms of overlying finer grained rocks, Kingdomwide, along outcrop belts. This ferruginization marks the probable presence of a base metal transporting system of MVT, Irish-type, or salt-related-type, that operated over vast areas. It may be continuous with the Jurassic-Early Cretaceous-hosted MVT system. C1 US Geol Survey Mission, Jiddah, Saudi Arabia. RP Hayes, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey Mission, Jiddah, Saudi Arabia. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-068-X PY 1999 BP 865 EP 868 PG 4 WC Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BN63H UT WOS:000082419300213 ER PT B AU Clark, SHB Basu, PK AF Clark, SHB Basu, PK BE Stanley, CJ Rankin, AH Bodnar, RJ Naden, J Yardley, BWD Criddle, AJ Hagni, RD Gize, AP Pasava, J Fleet, AJ Seltmann, R Halls, C Stemprok, M Williamson, B Herrington, RJ Hill, RET Prichard, HM Wall, F TI Geologic setting and origin of the Mangampeta barite deposit, India SO MINERAL DEPOSITS: PROCESSES TO PROCESSING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Geology-Applied-to-Mineral-Deposits / 10th Quadrennial Symposium of the International-Association-on-the-Genesis-of-Ore-Deposits CY AUG 22-25, 1999 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Soc Geol Appl Mineral Deposits, Int Assoc Genesis Ore Deposits AB The Mangampeta barite deposit in Andhra Pradesh is the largest known single barite deposit in the world with reserves of about 37 million tonnes having a specific gravity of 4.2 or more. The deposit is in the Cheyair Group of the Middle Proterozoic Cuddapah Supergroup, which consists of sedimentary formations that were deposited in the intracratonic Cuddapah basin. Barite occurs in two lenticular bodies, which are up to 40 m thick and are underlain by gray shale with dolostone lenses and overlain by a lens of black, pyritic, carbonaceous shale, which is, in turn, overlain by thinly bedded, tan and green shale with ferruginous layers. Sulfur isotope ratios for seven barite samples ranging from +41.5 to +45.45 per mil indicate a strong enrichment in the heavy isotope relative to Paleozoic seawater. The deposit is thought to fit a sediment-hosted, stratiform, syngenetic-diagenetic model with introduction of barium in hot or warm springs into a sedimentary marine basin that was partly isolated from the ocean at times. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Osmania Univ, Dept Geol, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Clark, SHB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-068-X PY 1999 BP 1085 EP 1088 PG 4 WC Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BN63H UT WOS:000082419300266 ER PT B AU Herring, JR Grauch, RI Desborough, GA Tysdal, RG Stillings, LL AF Herring, JR Grauch, RI Desborough, GA Tysdal, RG Stillings, LL BE Stanley, CJ Rankin, AH Bodnar, RJ Naden, J Yardley, BWD Criddle, AJ Hagni, RD Gize, AP Pasava, J Fleet, AJ Seltmann, R Halls, C Stemprok, M Williamson, B Herrington, RJ Hill, RET Prichard, HM Wall, F TI Trace elements in phosphatic shale, Phosphoria Formation, southeastern Idaho, USA SO MINERAL DEPOSITS: PROCESSES TO PROCESSING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Geology-Applied-to-Mineral-Deposits / 10th Quadrennial Symposium of the International-Association-on-the-Genesis-of-Ore-Deposits CY AUG 22-25, 1999 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Soc Geol Appl Mineral Deposits, Int Assoc Genesis Ore Deposits AB Rock units of the phosphate-producing Meads-Peak Member of the Phosphoria Formation in southeastern Idaho show enhanced presence of several geoenvironmentally-significant trace elements. The enrichments in the rocks of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, V, Zn and, especially, of Se, which already has exhibited some adverse effects following movement into the environment, creates concern about current mining, ore processing and, particularly, waste ore rock disposal techniques. Generally, deeper and less weathered ore zones have the greater element concentrations and other characteristics that likely enhance release of the trace elements into the environment. Current and planned research associated with this project will better define the content and forms of these trace elements in the rocks, along with their potential release into and interaction with the environment, and hopefully suggest better ways of handling ore and disposing of waste rock from mining. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Herring, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-068-X PY 1999 BP 1179 EP 1182 PG 4 WC Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BN63H UT WOS:000082419300289 ER PT J AU Lima, A Belkin, HE Torok, K AF Lima, A Belkin, HE Torok, K TI Understanding Vesuvius magmatic processes: evidence from primitive silicate-melt inclusions in medieval scoria clinopyroxenes (Terzigno Formation) SO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PEARCE ELEMENT RATIOS; MT-SOMMA-VESUVIUS; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; PLINIAN ERUPTION; LEUCITE-BEARING; FLUID INCLUSION; BASALTIC MAGMAS; Y BP; LAVAS; CHEMISTRY AB Microthermometric investigations of silicate-melt inclusions and electron microprobe analyses were conducted on experimentally homogenized silicate-melt inclusions and on the host clinopyroxenes from 4 scoria samples of different layers from the Mt. Somma-Vesuvius medieval eruption (Formazione di Terzigno, 893 A.D.). The temperature of homogenization, considered the minimum trapping temperature, ranges from 1190 to 1260+/-5 degrees C for all clinopyroxene-hosted silicate melt inclusions. The major and minor-element compositional trends shown by Terzigno scoria and matrix glass chemical analysis are largely compatible with fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene and Fe-Ti oxides. Sulfur contents of the homogenized silicate-melt inclusions in clinopyroxene phenocrysts compared with that in the host scoria show that S has been significantly degassed in the erupted products; whereas, Cl has about the same abundance in the inclusions and in host scoria. Fluorine is low (infrequently up to 800 ppm) in the silicate-melt inclusions compared to 2400 ppm in the bulk scoria. Electron microprobe analyses of silicate-melt inclusions show that they have primitive magma compositions (Mg#=75-91). The composition of the host clinopyroxene phenocrysts varies from typical plinian-related (Mg#greater than or equal to 85) to non-plinian related (Mg#less than or equal to 85). The mixed source of the host clinopyroxenes and primitive nature of the silicate-melt inclusions implies that these phenocrysts, in part, may be residual and/or have a polygenetic origin. The similar variation trends of major and minor-elements between homogenized silicate-melt inclusions from the Terzigno scoria, and silicate-melt inclusions in olivine and diopside phenocrysts from plinian eruptions (Marianelli et al., 1995) suggest that the trapped inclusions represent melts similar to those that supplied the plinian and sub-plinian magma chambers. These geochemical characteristics suggest that the Vesuvius magmatic system retained a vestige of the most recent plinian event. C1 Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Geofis & Vulcanol, I-80134 Naples, Italy. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Geophys, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary. RP Lima, A (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Geofis & Vulcanol, Via Mezzocannone 8, I-80134 Naples, Italy. OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0930-0708 J9 MINER PETROL JI Mineral. Petrol. PY 1999 VL 65 IS 3-4 BP 185 EP 206 DI 10.1007/BF01161960 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 211QA UT WOS:000081170600003 ER PT J AU Wooten, MC Scribner, KT Krehling, JT AF Wooten, MC Scribner, KT Krehling, JT TI Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the endangered beach mouse Peromyscus polionotus SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Peromyscus; beach mouse; endangered species; heterozygosity; microsatellite markers; PCR C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Zool, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, BRD, USGS, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Wooten, MC (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Zool, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM mwooten@mail.auburn.edu NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 8 IS 1 BP 167 EP 168 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 161BX UT WOS:000078269200023 PM 9919709 ER PT J AU Gardner, DE AF Gardner, DE TI Septoria hodgesii sp. nov.: A potential biocontrol agent for Myrica faya in Hawai'i SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE Myrica spp.; Septoria myricae; Septoria myricata AB Septoria hodgesii sp. nov. is described. This fungus is a common leaf pathogen of Myrica cerifera in the southeastern U.S., where it usually has been identified as S. myricae. It also has been shown by artificial inoculation to be pathogenic on M. faya, an introduced forest weed in Hawai'i. Comparison of S. hodgesii with the types of S. myricae, from M, cerifera and S. myricata, from M. gale, shows it to be distinct from both species. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Gardner, DE (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JAN-MAR PY 1999 VL 70 BP 247 EP 253 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 174WK UT WOS:000079059200029 ER PT S AU Kayen, RE Edwards, BD Lee, HJ AF Kayen, RE Edwards, BD Lee, HJ BE Marr, WA Fairhurst, CE TI Nondestructive laboratory measurement of geotechnical and geoacoustic properties through intact core-liner. SO NONDESTRUCTIVE AND AUTOMATED TESTING FOR SOIL AND ROCK PROPERTIES SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nondestructive and Automated Testing for Soil and Rock Properties CY JAN 15-16, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP ASTM Comm D18 Soil & Rock DE automation; bulk density; core liner; geotechnical; geoacoustic; Lambert attenuation; logger; robotics; sediment; soil; p-wave; sound velocity ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS AB High-resolution automated measurement of the geotechnical and geoacoustic properties of soil at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is performed with a state-of-the-art multi-sensor whole-core logging device. The device takes measurements, directly through intact sample-tube wall, of p-wave acoustic velocity, of soil wet bulk density, and magnetic susceptibility. This paper summarizes our methodology for determining soil-sound speed and wet-bulk density for material encased in an unsplit liner. Our methodology for nondestructive measurement allows for rapid, accurate, and high-resolution (1 cm-spaced) mapping of the mass physical properties of soil prior to sample extrusion. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Kayen, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2493-7 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1350 BP 83 EP 94 DI 10.1520/STP13311S PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BN21N UT WOS:000081104400007 ER PT J AU Robel, GL Fisher, WL AF Robel, GL Fisher, WL TI Bioenergetics estimate of the effects of stocking density on hatchery production of smallmouth bass fingerlings SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID FISH BIOENERGETICS; AQUACULTURE PONDS; INDIVIDUAL FISH; STRIPED BASS; GROWTH; MODELS; TEMPERATURE; CONSUMPTION; CLIMATE; LARVAL AB Production of and consumption by hatchery-reared fingerling (age-0) smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu at various simulated stocking densities were estimated with a bioenergetics model. Fish growth rates and pond water temperatures during the 1996 growing season at two hatcheries in Oklahoma were used in the model. Fish growth and simulated consumption and production differed greatly between the two hatcheries, probably because of differences in pond fertilization and mortality rates. Our results suggest that appropriate stocking density depends largely on prey availability as affected by pond fertilization and on fingerling mortality rates. The bioenergetics model provided a useful tool for estimating production at various stocking density rates. However, verification of physiological parameters for age-0 fish of hatchery-reared species is needed. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Fisher, WL (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 61 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1577/1548-8454(1999)061<0001:BEOTEO>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 234MP UT WOS:000082488700001 ER PT J AU Kelly, JL Arnold, DE AF Kelly, JL Arnold, DE TI Effects of ration and temperature on growth of age-0 Atlantic sturgeon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; FEEDING RATE; CYCLE AB Our objective was to gain insight into the optimum temperature and ration for growth of age-0 Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus in culture. We conducted two trials, each for 8 weeks. Trial 1 started with 60-g fish, trial 2 started with 0.3-g fish. Water temperatures of 15, 17, and 19 degrees C were used separately in each trial. Rations (dry food : wet weight of fish) for 60-g fish were 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% of biomass per day; for 0.3-g fish, rations were 3, 5, and 7% of biomass per day. We set up three tank replicates, of equal fish biomass, at each combination of temperature and ration. The highest growth rate in trial 1 (for 60-g fish) was 0.014/d at 15 degrees C and the 1.5% ration, although this growth rate was not significantly different from the growth rate at 17 degrees C and 1.5% ration or at 17 degrees C and 1.0% ration. The highest growth rate in trial 2 (for 0.3-g fish) was 0.067/d at 19 degrees C and the 7.0% ration. Instantaneous growth at these conditions was significantly different from all other combinations of temperature and ration. Although these results may not completely define the temperature and ration under which fish could achieve maximum growth rate, they provide a solid starting point for further development of Atlantic sturgeon culture. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Merkle Lab 101, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Merkle Lab 113, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Merkle Lab 113, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, Merkle Lab 113, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Arnold, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Merkle Lab 101, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 61 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1577/1548-8454(1999)061<0051:EORATO>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 234MP UT WOS:000082488700010 ER PT J AU Mohler, JW Fletcher, JW AF Mohler, JW Fletcher, JW TI Induced spermiation in wild Atlantic sturgeons held captive up to six years SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER AB The ability to obtain gametes from male Atlantic sturgeons Acipenser oxyrinchus brought into captivity may be important to the success of future restoration efforts for this species. Atlantic sturgeons obtained as juveniles from the Delaware River and as sexually mature males from the Hudson River were held in freshwater at the Northeast Fishery Center, Lamar, Pennsylvania, from 1991 to 1997. After 4 years in captivity, three of three Hudson River fish were induced to spermiate by injection of common carp pituitary solution (CCP), luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa), or a combination of both. Hatch rates were similar for eggs fertilized with a captive male's milt (3.1%) versus a wild male's milt (mean +/- SD, 3.1 +/- 0.5%). At 58 d posthatch, survival of the captive male's offspring (74.3%) was comparable to that of wild male's (61.9 +/-: 7.8%). After 6 years in captivity, two of five fish from the Delaware River were induced to spermiate by injection of CCP, and nearly all spermatozoa exhibited rapid forward motion. Results showed that feral male Atlantic sturgeons can be held in freshwater over a period of years for use as captive broodstock. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Mohler, JW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, POB 75, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 61 IS 1 BP 70 EP 73 DI 10.1577/1548-8454(1999)061<0070:ISIWAS>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 234MP UT WOS:000082488700013 ER PT B AU Stohlgren, TJ AF Stohlgren, TJ BE AguirreBravo, C Franco, CR TI Global change impacts in nature reserves in the United States SO NORTH AMERICAN SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM: TOWARD A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK FOR INVENTORYING AND MONITORING FOREST ECOSYSTEM RESOURCES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT North American Science Symposium on Toward a Unified Framework for Inventorying and Monitoring Forest Ecosystem Resources CY NOV 01-06, 1998 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Nacl Investigac Forestales & Agropecuarias, Natl Pk Serv, Univ Autonoma Guadalajara, Long Term Ecol Res, USDA, Gobierno Estado Jalisco, Canadian Forest Serv, Environm Canada, EMCO, Nat Resources Canada, US Dept Interior Geol Survey, SEMARNAP, SAGAR INIFAP ID MOUNTAIN NATIONAL-PARK; FOREST-TUNDRA ECOTONE; VEGETATION; COLORADO; PATTERNS; CLIMATE; MODEL; SCALE; USA AB Large natural areas such as national parks, forests, and wildlife reserves have provided the U.S. Global Change Research Program with an important outdoor laboratory that provides an index of change in our most treasured ecosystems. Rapidly changing climates are superimposed on other ecosystem stresses such as urbanization, air pollution, habitat fragmentation, loss of native biodiversity, and the invasion of exotic species. Climate influences the frequency and intensity of disturbance (e.g. fire and insect outbreaks), species distribution patterns, hydrological patterns, and forest condition. I present examples of research and monitoring activities on Department of the Interior lands, primarily in the western United States. Evidence of regional warming comes from rapidly disappearing glaciers in Montana, lake level decline in Crater Lake, Oregon, and expansion of high-elevation forests in Colorado and Washington. I also present evidence of regional cooling in the summer months due to land-use changes in the plains of Colorado, where crop irrigation and landscaping have influenced the climate, hydrology, and forest vegetation patterns in the adjacent Rocky Mountains. In some areas, the effects of land-use practices on regional climate may overshadow larger-scale temperature changes commonly associated with observed increases in CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Our understanding of rapid climate change, and other equally important multiple stresses to forest condition, is aided by strong ecosystem research and long-term monitoring programs. Our challenges in North America (and the world) are to: (1) determine which species, habitats, and ecosystem processes are most sensitive to rapid environmental change and multiple stresses; (2) monitor ecosystem change in consistent and comparable ways; and (3) coordinate mitigation strategies and efforts. C1 Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Stohlgren, TJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1999 IS 12 BP 5 EP 9 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP77R UT WOS:000086142400001 ER PT B AU Owens, T AF Owens, T BE AguirreBravo, C Franco, CR TI USGS-NPS vegetation mapping program SO NORTH AMERICAN SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM: TOWARD A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK FOR INVENTORYING AND MONITORING FOREST ECOSYSTEM RESOURCES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT North American Science Symposium on Toward a Unified Framework for Inventorying and Monitoring Forest Ecosystem Resources CY NOV 01-06, 1998 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Nacl Investigac Forestales & Agropecuarias, Natl Pk Serv, Univ Autonoma Guadalajara, Long Term Ecol Res, USDA, Gobierno Estado Jalisco, Canadian Forest Serv, Environm Canada, EMCO, Nat Resources Canada, US Dept Interior Geol Survey, SEMARNAP, SAGAR INIFAP AB The USGS Center for Biological Informatics is cooperating with the National Park Service to classify and map vegetation communities on 235 Park units. The USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program's approach is to develop scientifically valid basic vegetation classification and spatial vegetation which can be used as building blocks for management planning, inventory, monitoring and research by local, regional, and national managers and scientists. The Program is noteworthy for its approach to vegetation mapping which includes developing: I) a national vegetation classification system, 2) standardized inventory and mapping protocols, 3) accuracy assessment, and 4) scientific peer review. The Program uses extensive field work and aerial photography to perform classification and mapping work. Products include digital databases, comprised of classifications and descriptions of vegetation communities, spatial vegetation data, and metadata, which are important for detailed Park management as well as regional and national assessments of biodiversity. The Program has attracted the interest of other Federal and state agencies, including the Fish and Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Reclamation, the Forest Service, and the EPA. These agencies are interested in incorporating the Program's protocols and standards into their own vegetation inventory and monitoring projects. For more information visit the website at http://www.biology.usgs.gov/npsveg. C1 USGS, NPS, Vegetat Mapping Program, Ctr Biol Informat,Denver Fed Ctr MS302, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Owens, T (reprint author), USGS, NPS, Vegetat Mapping Program, Ctr Biol Informat,Denver Fed Ctr MS302, Bldg 810,POB 25406, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1999 IS 12 BP 199 EP 201 PG 3 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP77R UT WOS:000086142400035 ER PT B AU Busch, DE AF Busch, DE BE AguirreBravo, C Franco, CR TI Ecological monitoring for the Northwest Forest Plan: A comparison to other major ecosystem initiatives SO NORTH AMERICAN SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM: TOWARD A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK FOR INVENTORYING AND MONITORING FOREST ECOSYSTEM RESOURCES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT North American Science Symposium on Toward a Unified Framework for Inventorying and Monitoring Forest Ecosystem Resources CY NOV 01-06, 1998 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Nacl Investigac Forestales & Agropecuarias, Natl Pk Serv, Univ Autonoma Guadalajara, Long Term Ecol Res, USDA, Gobierno Estado Jalisco, Canadian Forest Serv, Environm Canada, EMCO, Nat Resources Canada, US Dept Interior Geol Survey, SEMARNAP, SAGAR INIFAP ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; EVERGLADES; MANAGEMENT; RESOURCES; PROGRAM AB The Northwest Forest Plan has certain aspects that set it apart from other regional-scale ecosystem initiatives implemented over the past decade in North America. Some of these differences have influenced the innovation possible in planning and implementing a monitoring program for the Forest Plan. This paper compares monitoring for two other large-scale ecosystem initiatives with monitoring for the regional plan that has altered ecosystem management in the northwestern U.S. to conserve late successional forest and associated aquatic environments. In addition to Forest Plan monitoring, the focus is on ecological monitoring associated with the efforts to restore south Florida's ecosystems and monitoring conducted in ecosystems of the lower Colorado River. Despite obvious ecological and institutional differences, the objectives and unprecedented scope of monitoring associated with these initiatives are similar. Examples are drawn from forested communities in the three areas, with an emphasis on monitoring approaches being utilized at the upland-aquatic interface. Providing the basis for this comparison are elements of the Forest Plan monitoring strategy for riparian ecosystems, monitoring of hydrological restoration of the Florida Everglades, and monitoring of southwestern riparian forests. C1 USGS, NW Forest Plan, Biol Resources Div, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Busch, DE (reprint author), USGS, NW Forest Plan, Biol Resources Div, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Reg Ecosyst Off,POB 3623, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1999 IS 12 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP77R UT WOS:000086142400042 ER PT B AU Stohlgren, TJ AF Stohlgren, TJ BE AguirreBravo, C Franco, CR TI Measuring and monitoring biodiversity in nature reserves, forests, and grasslands in the United States SO NORTH AMERICAN SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM: TOWARD A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK FOR INVENTORYING AND MONITORING FOREST ECOSYSTEM RESOURCES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT North American Science Symposium on Toward a Unified Framework for Inventorying and Monitoring Forest Ecosystem Resources CY NOV 01-06, 1998 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Nacl Investigac Forestales & Agropecuarias, Natl Pk Serv, Univ Autonoma Guadalajara, Long Term Ecol Res, USDA, Gobierno Estado Jalisco, Canadian Forest Serv, Environm Canada, EMCO, Nat Resources Canada, US Dept Interior Geol Survey, SEMARNAP, SAGAR INIFAP ID PLANT DIVERSITY; BIOTIC INVENTORIES; NATIONAL PROGRAM; SAMPLING METHOD; ECOSYSTEMS; LANDSCAPES; ACCURACY; FIELD; SCALE; PARKS AB Amazingly little is known about the biodiversity of the U.S. due to a lack of systematic, multi-scale surveys of multiple biological groups. Even the best studied areas, the U.S. National parks, report a knowledge of only 50% to 80% (or less) of their species of vascular plants, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes. More is known about "charismatic megafauna" and less is known about small creatures that contribute most to biodiversity. Wildlife surveys are not often coordinated with habitat surveys or controlled studies, so Little is known about the causes of population trends. Often poor sampling designs and field techniques are used to survey and monitor biodiversity. Many existing monitoring program are poorly standardized and are not cost-effective. New resource inventory and monitoring programs must be carefully designed, statistically sound, peer reviewed, and well supported. I discuss commonly used vegetation sampling designs that are poorly suited for monitoring plant diversity, grazing effects, and exotic plant invasions. I then discuss new approaches to surveying and monitoring large natural areas such as forests and grasslands. The new approaches rely on multi-phase sampling techniques: using two resolutions of remotely sensed information, cluster sampling for map accuracy assessments, and multi-scale field sampling techniques of multiple biological groups. The protection of forest biodiversity relies on our ability to: (1) rapidly assess hot spots of biodiversity and areas of unique species assemblages at landscape scales; (2) quantify and predict spatial and temporal trends of key species; (3) maintain natural disturbance regimes and key ecological professes; (4) prevent detrimental effects of exotic species; and (5) limit harmful human activities. Our challenges in North America land the world) are to: (1) develop and test various design strategies (optimum sampling strategy) and multiple-scale field methods for inventorying and monitoring multiple biological groups and ecosystem processes; (2) conduct standardized monitoring of key indicators of multiple stresses to biodiversity, and (3) develop better mapping, information management, and predictive modeling capabilities at multiple spatial scales. C1 Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Stohlgren, TJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Thomas_Stohlgren@USGS.gov NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P JI USDA For. Ser. Rocky Mt. Res. Stat. Proc. PY 1999 IS 12 BP 248 EP 255 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP77R UT WOS:000086142400044 ER PT B AU Oakley, KL Debevec, EM Rexstad, EA AF Oakley, KL Debevec, EM Rexstad, EA BE AguirreBravo, C Franco, CR TI Development of a long-term ecological monitoring program in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska (USA) SO NORTH AMERICAN SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM: TOWARD A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK FOR INVENTORYING AND MONITORING FOREST ECOSYSTEM RESOURCES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT North American Science Symposium on Toward a Unified Framework for Inventorying and Monitoring Forest Ecosystem Resources CY NOV 01-06, 1998 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Nacl Investigac Forestales & Agropecuarias, Natl Pk Serv, Univ Autonoma Guadalajara, Long Term Ecol Res, USDA, Gobierno Estado Jalisco, Canadian Forest Serv, Environm Canada, EMCO, Nat Resources Canada, US Dept Interior Geol Survey, SEMARNAP, SAGAR INIFAP ID BIRDS AB A Long-term Ecological Monitoring (LTEM) program began at Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska (USA) in 1992, as a prototype for subarctic parks. The early history of the Denali LTEM program provides insight into the challenges that can arise during monitoring program development. The Denali program has thus far taken a watershed approach, involving collocation of study effort for a mix of abiotic and biotic attributes within a small, headwater stream (Rock Creek) which crosses the tundra-taiga boundary. An initial effort at integration and synthesis of meteorological, vegetation, small mammal and passerine bird data for the first 7 years of the program found few correlations, but power was low. We will now attempt to balance the intensive work in Rock Creek by developing a cost-effective sampling design that includes more of the park. We are also working to improve Linkages between the monitoring program and park management decision-making and to strengthen data management and reporting mechanisms. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Oakley, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM karen_oakley@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P JI USDA For. Ser. Rocky Mt. Res. Stat. Proc. PY 1999 IS 12 BP 307 EP 314 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP77R UT WOS:000086142400054 ER PT B AU Tanner, CD Clark, RC AF Tanner, CD Clark, RC GP MTS MTS TI Restoration of habitat functions in an urban estuary: Progress and lessons from Elliott Bay. SO OCEANS '99 MTS/IEEE : RIDING THE CREST INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Riding the Crest Into the 21st Century (OCEANS 99) CY SEP 13-16, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Marine Technol Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn AB Elliott Bay and the associated Duwamish River estuary have been the historical center of development for Seattle, Washington over the past 150 years. During this period, the region has emerged as a major metropolitan center and one of the busiest seaports in the eastern Pacific. These economic and social benefits have occurred at the cost of ecological functions; the estuary has incurred a 98% loss of wetland habitat over this period. Over the past decade, a variety of development interests, resource agencies, tribal governments, local jurisdictions, and citizen organizations have worked towards restoring elements of the Elliott Bay system. Through a variety of implementation mechanisms, there are currently at least 12 completed or in-progress habitat restoration projects. Monitoring programs focus on the provision of habitat functions and the attributes which support fish and wildlife use. Indications of success are supported by several observations from pilot projects, including: 1. Increasing abundance and diversity of juvenile salmonid invertebrate prey resources. 2. Correlation between prey species availability and juvenile salmonid stomach contents. 3. Utilization of restored sites by birds for resting, foraging, and breeding. 4. Survival of native plantings (marsh and riparian) and recruitment of plant species. Restoring habitat in this urban setting has proven to be expensive, complicated, and time-consuming. Given the uncertainties involved, issues at stake, and costs incurred (financial, human, land resource) it is essential that these projects be adequately studied and lessons widely disseminated. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. RP Tanner, CD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 510 Desmond Dr SE,Suite 102, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-24-6 PY 1999 BP 817 EP 821 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BP25F UT WOS:000084482300125 ER PT B AU Lantor, JK Qlark, RC AF Lantor, JK Qlark, RC GP MTS MTS TI Restoration case study: Commencement Bay natural resource damage assessment restoration actions. SO OCEANS '99 MTS/IEEE : RIDING THE CREST INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Riding the Crest Into the 21st Century (OCEANS 99) CY SEP 13-16, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Marine Technol Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn AB Commencement Bay is a highly industrialized salmon-producing river estuary and seaport (Tacoma) in Puget Sound, Washington, which was designated as one of the first major aquatic Superfund cleanup sites in 1981. As part of the Superfund law, federal, state and tribal governments have natural resource trusteeship responsibilities for determining injuries to trust resources (fish, shellfish, birds, water, and sediments), recovering damages, and then restoring lost habitats and services to these resources. Multiple contaminants of concern (petroleum, trace metals, PCBs, pesticides, chlorinated organics) have been contributed by a multitude of industries (transportation, smelting, pulp, timber, petroleum, petrochemical, storm and waste treatment) into multiple waterways where physical dredging and filling operations, have modified over 90% of the original nearshore mudflats and emergent marsh habitats. The challenge in Commencement Bay has been to develop a bay-wide restoration effort to stop further loss of critical fish and wildlife habitats, to enhance surviving habitats, and finally to provide cost-effective rebuilding of lost habitats. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. RP Lantor, JK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 510 Desmond Dr,Suite 102, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-24-6 PY 1999 BP 822 EP 826 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BP25F UT WOS:000084482300126 ER PT B AU Halvorson, WL AF Halvorson, WL BE Harmon, D TI A review of science and ecosystem management in the US National Parks SO ON THE FRONTIERS OF CONSERVATION: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN PARKS AND ON PUBLIC LANDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Research and Resource Management in Parks and on Public Lands/George-Wright-Society Biennial Conference CY MAR 22-26, 1999 CL ASHEVILLE, NC SP George Wright Soc, US Natl Pk Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div C1 Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Pk Studies Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGE WRIGHT SOCIETY, INC. PI HANCOCK PA PO BOX 65, HANCOCK, MI 49930-0065 USA PY 1999 BP 147 EP 148 PG 2 WC Environmental Studies; Public Administration SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA BP35H UT WOS:000084811100024 ER PT B AU Peterson, DL Schmoldt, DL AF Peterson, DL Schmoldt, DL BE Harmon, D TI Using analytical tools for decision-making and program planning in natural resources: Breaking the fear barrier SO ON THE FRONTIERS OF CONSERVATION: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN PARKS AND ON PUBLIC LANDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Research and Resource Management in Parks and on Public Lands/George-Wright-Society Biennial Conference CY MAR 22-26, 1999 CL ASHEVILLE, NC SP George Wright Soc, US Natl Pk Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div ID MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES; MONITORING PROGRAMS C1 Univ Washington, Field Stn, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGE WRIGHT SOCIETY, INC. PI HANCOCK PA PO BOX 65, HANCOCK, MI 49930-0065 USA PY 1999 BP 256 EP 262 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; Public Administration SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA BP35H UT WOS:000084811100044 ER PT B AU Hall, RJ AF Hall, RJ BE Harmon, D TI Monitoring change in protected areas: Problems of scope, scale, and power SO ON THE FRONTIERS OF CONSERVATION: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN PARKS AND ON PUBLIC LANDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Research and Resource Management in Parks and on Public Lands/George-Wright-Society Biennial Conference CY MAR 22-26, 1999 CL ASHEVILLE, NC SP George Wright Soc, US Natl Pk Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div ID COMMUNITY-WIDE PATTERNS; STATISTICAL POWER; CORAL-REEFS; TRENDS; POPULATIONS; DESIGN C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGE WRIGHT SOCIETY, INC. PI HANCOCK PA PO BOX 65, HANCOCK, MI 49930-0065 USA PY 1999 BP 271 EP 277 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; Public Administration SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA BP35H UT WOS:000084811100047 ER PT B AU Johnson, DH Winter, M AF Johnson, DH Winter, M BE Harmon, D TI Reserve design for grasslands: Considerations for bird populations SO ON THE FRONTIERS OF CONSERVATION: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN PARKS AND ON PUBLIC LANDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Research and Resource Management in Parks and on Public Lands/George-Wright-Society Biennial Conference CY MAR 22-26, 1999 CL ASHEVILLE, NC SP George Wright Soc, US Natl Pk Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div ID FRAGMENTATION; COMMUNITIES; PREDATION C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGE WRIGHT SOCIETY, INC. PI HANCOCK PA PO BOX 65, HANCOCK, MI 49930-0065 USA PY 1999 BP 391 EP 396 PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; Public Administration SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA BP35H UT WOS:000084811100070 ER PT B AU Miles, SB Keefer, DK Ho, CL AF Miles, SB Keefer, DK Ho, CL BE Elliott, WM McDonough, P TI Seismic slope-performance analysis: From hazard map to decision support system SO OPTIMIZING POST-EARTHQUAKE LIFELINE SYSTEM RELIABILITY SE TECHNICAL COUNCIL ON LIFELINE EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING MONOGRAPH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th United States Conference on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering CY AUG 12-14, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Lifeline Earthquake Engn AB In response to the growing recognition of engineers and decision-makers of the regional effects of earthquake-induced landslides, this paper presents a general approach to conducting seismic landslide zonation, based on the popular Newmark's sliding block analogy for modeling coherent landslides. Four existing models based on the sliding block analogy are compared. The comparison shows that the models forecast notal,ly different levels of slope performance. Considering this discrepancy along with the limitations of static maps as a decision tool, a spatial decision support system (SDSS) for seismic landslide analysis is proposed, which will support investigations over multiple scales for any number of earthquake scenarios and input conditions. Most importantly, the SDSS will allow use of any seismic landslide analysis model and zonation approach. Developments associated with the SDSS will produce an object-oriented model for encapsulating spatial data, an object-oriented specification to allow construction of models using modular objects, and a direct-manipulation, dynamic user-interface that adapts to the particular seismic landslide model configuration. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Miles, SB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. OI Miles, Scott B/0000-0003-3968-2347 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0449-6 J9 TECH COUN L PY 1999 IS 16 BP 71 EP 80 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP81E UT WOS:000086275400008 ER PT B AU Toprak, S O'Rourke, TD Tutuncu, I AF Toprak, S O'Rourke, TD Tutuncu, I BE Elliott, WM McDonough, P TI GIS characterization of spatially distributed lifeline damage SO OPTIMIZING POST-EARTHQUAKE LIFELINE SYSTEM RELIABILITY SE TECHNICAL COUNCIL ON LIFELINE EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING MONOGRAPH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th United States Conference on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering CY AUG 12-14, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Lifeline Earthquake Engn AB This paper describes the Visualization of spatially distributed water pipeline damage following an earthquake using geographical information systems (GIS). pipeline damage is expressed as a repair rate (RR). Repair rate contours are developed with GIS by dividing the study area into grid cells (n x n), determining the number of particular pipeline repairs in each grid cell, and dividing the number of repairs by the length of that pipeline in each cell area. The resulting contour plot is a two-dimensional visualization of point source damage. High damage zones are defined herein as areas with an RR value greater than the mean RR for the entire study area of interest. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Toprak, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RI Toprak, Selcuk/C-9397-2009 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0449-6 J9 TECH COUN L PY 1999 IS 16 BP 110 EP 119 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP81E UT WOS:000086275400012 ER PT B AU Kayen, RE Barnhardt, WA Palmer, SP AF Kayen, RE Barnhardt, WA Palmer, SP BE Elliott, WM McDonough, P TI Geomorphological and geotechnical issues affecting the seismic slope stability of the Duwamish River delta, Port of Seattle, Washington SO OPTIMIZING POST-EARTHQUAKE LIFELINE SYSTEM RELIABILITY SE TECHNICAL COUNCIL ON LIFELINE EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING MONOGRAPH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th United States Conference on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering CY AUG 12-14, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Lifeline Earthquake Engn ID PUGET-SOUND; LIQUEFACTION AB Young Holocene deposits of the Duwamish River valley underlie a highly developed transportation-industrial corridor, extending from the City of Kent to the Elliott Bay-Harbor Island marine terminal facilities. The deposits have been shaped by relative sealevel rise, but also by episodic volcanism and seismicity. A geologic and geotechnical investigation of these river-mouth deposits indicates high initial liquefaction susceptibility during earthquakes, and possibly the potential for unlimited-strain disintegrative flow failure of the delta front. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Kayen, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0449-6 J9 TECH COUN L PY 1999 IS 16 BP 482 EP 492 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP81E UT WOS:000086275400050 ER PT J AU Bergamaschi, BA Fram, MS Kendall, C Silva, SR Aiken, GR Fujii, R AF Bergamaschi, BA Fram, MS Kendall, C Silva, SR Aiken, GR Fujii, R TI Carbon isotopic constraints on the contribution of plant material to the natural precursors of trihalomethanes SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE trihalomethanes; carbon isotopic composition; Scirpus acutus; Zea maize; corn; tule; bulrush; humic material ID DRINKING-WATER; LIGNIN; CHLORINATION; ACIDS AB The delta(13)C values fi individual trihalomethanes (THM) formed on reaction of chlorine with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leached from maize (corn; Zea maize L.) and Scirpus acutus (an aquatic bulrush), and with DOC extracted from agricultural drainage waters were determined using purge and trap introduction into a gas chromatograph-combustion-isotope ratio monitoring mass spectrometer. We observed a 16.8 parts per thousand difference between the delta(13)C values of THM produced from the maize and Scirpus leachates, similar to the isotopic difference between the whole plant materials. Both maize and Scirpus formed THM 12 parts per thousand lower than C-13 than whole plant material. We suggest that the low value of the THM relative to th whole plant material is evidence of distinct pools of THM-forming DOC, representing different biochemical types or chemical structures, and possessing different environmental reactivity. Humic extracts of waters draining an agricultural field containing Scirpus peat soils and planted with maize amy contribute significantly to the THM-forming DOC. The difference between the delta(13)C values of the whole isolate and that of the THM it yielded was 3.9 parts per thousand, however, suggesting diagnesis plays a role in deermining the delta(13)C value of THM-forming DOC in the drainage waters, and precluding the direct use fo siotopic mixing models to quantitatively attribute sources. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Calif State Univ Sacramento, US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USGS, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Bergamaschi, BA (reprint author), Calif State Univ Sacramento, US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM bbergama@usgs.gov OI Fram, Miranda/0000-0002-6337-059X; Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581 NR 27 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 8A BP 835 EP 842 DI 10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00066-2 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 238NC UT WOS:000082715500012 ER PT J AU Hostettler, FD Rosenbauer, RJ Kvenvolden, KA AF Hostettler, FD Rosenbauer, RJ Kvenvolden, KA TI PAH refractory index as a source discriminant of hydrocarbon input from crude oil and coal in Prince William Sound, Alaska SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 215th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 29-APR 02, 1998 CL DALLAS, TEXAS SP Amer Chem Soc DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH); oil; coal; refractory index; triaromatic steranes; monomethylchrysenes; Prince William Sound; marine pollution ID EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; SEDIMENTS; CALIFORNIA; MARKERS; SPILL AB Geochemical correlation and differentiation of hydrocarbons from crude oils and coals is difficult. The complex mixture of the hydrocarbon constituents and the dynamic nature of these constituents in the environment as they weather contribute to this difficulty. A new parameter, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) refractory index, is defined here to help in this correlation. The PAH refractory index is a ratio of two Of the most refractory constituents of most crude oils, namely triaromatic steranes and monomethylchrysenes. These are among the most persistent compounds in oil after deposition in the environment and thus: retain reliably the signature of the original petroleum input. This index is utilized in Prince William Sound (PWS) to differentiate three different oils, as well as to provide evidence that coal, not oil, is the dominant source of the PAHs which are prominent constituents of marine sediments from PWS and the Gulf of Alaska. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Hostettler, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 409, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 8B BP 873 EP 879 DI 10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00071-6 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 238NE UT WOS:000082715700002 ER PT J AU Koopmans, MP Rijpstra, WIC Klapwijk, MM de Leeuw, JW Lewan, MD Damste, JSS AF Koopmans, MP Rijpstra, WIC Klapwijk, MM de Leeuw, JW Lewan, MD Damste, JSS TI A thermal and chemical degradation approach to decipher pristane and phytane precursors in sedimentary organic matter SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pristane; phytane; pristane/phytane ratio; hydrous pyrolysis; flash pyrolysis; chemical degradation; Gessoso-solfifera formation; Ghareb Formation; Green River Formation ID PETROLEUM SOURCE ROCKS; HYDROUS PYROLYSIS; NATURAL SULFURIZATION; ANCIENT SEDIMENTS; SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; FORMATION INDEX; MATURATION; HYDROCARBONS; DIAGENESIS; GENERATION AB A thermal and chemical degradation approach was followed to determine the precursors of pristane (Pr) and phytane (Ph) in samples from the Gessoso-solfifera, Ghareb and Green River Formations. Hydrous pyrolysis of these samples yields large amounts of Pr and Ph carbon skeletons, indicating that their precursors are predominantly sequestered in high-molecular-weight fractions. However, chemical degradation of the polar fraction and the kerogen of the unheated samples generally does not release large amounts of Pr and Ph. Additional information on the precursors of Pr and Ph is obtained from flash pyrolysis analyses of kerogens and residues after hydrous pyrolysis and after chemical degradation. Multiple precursors for Pr and Ph are recognised in these three samples, The main increase of the Pr/Ph ratio with increasing maturation temperature, which is associated with strongly increasing amounts of Pr and Ph, is probably due to the higher amount of precursors of Pr compared to Ph, and not to the different timing of generation of Pr and Ph. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Biogeochem & Toxicol, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Koopmans, MP (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Geol, POB 1047, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RI de Leeuw, Jan/F-6471-2011; Sinninghe Damste, Jaap/F-6128-2011 OI Sinninghe Damste, Jaap/0000-0002-8683-1854 NR 52 TC 68 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1089 EP 1104 DI 10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00088-1 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 254EF UT WOS:000083598400005 ER PT B AU Goldfarb, RJ Hart, CJR Mortensen, JK AF Goldfarb, RJ Hart, CJR Mortensen, JK BE Weber, G TI Metallogeny of the northeastern Pacific Rim: An example of the distribution of ore deposits along a growing continental margin SO PACRIM'99: INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON EARTH SCIENCE, EXPLORATION AND MINING AROUND THE PACIFIC RIM, PROCEEDINGS SE AUSTRALASIAN INSTITUTE OF MINING AND METALLURGY PUBLICATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Earth Science, Exploration and Mining Around the Pacific Rim (PACRIM 99) CY OCT 10-13, 1999 CL BALI, INDONESIA SP Indonesian Min Assoc, Anglo Amer, PT Fluor Daniel Indonesia, PT Thiess Contractors Indonesia, Coal Indonesia, PT Trakindo Utama, Aurora Gold, Newmont Min Corp, Phelps Dodge Explorat Corp, Normandy Min Ltd, Snowden Associates Pty Ltd, PT Austindo Nusantara Resources, Arthur Anderson, Cyprus Amax Minerals Co, Newcrest Min Ltd, PacMin Min Corp Ltd, PAC-RIM QLD PTY LTD, Pt Koba Tin, AEA Int Soc, PT Airfast Indonesia, PT Indo Assay Labs, AGC Woodward Clyde Pty Ltd, Beilby Int, Blackwell Sci asia, DATAMINE Australia, Genalysis Lab Serv Pty Ltd, Kingston Morrison Ltd, NSR Environm Consultants Pty Ltd, Ross Min NL, World Geosci Corp, PT Freeport Indonesia ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ALASKA; GEOLOGY AB The distribution of mineral deposits within northwestern North America (Alaska Yukon, and northern British Columbia) allows for an in-depth examination of the metallogenic patterns of a growing continental margin. A more complete understanding of the tectonic evolution of this part of the Pacific Rim, achieved over the last 15 to 20 years, now allows for the placement of ore systems into a well-defined plate tectonic framework. Ore deposits older than about 185 Ma represent hydrothermal systems that were active in the platform/shelf environment of ancestral North America's miogeocline or hydrothermal systems developed in oceanic arcs and continental fragments more distal to the craton. These include important SEDEX, VMS, and pre-accretionary porphyry deposits. In contrast, most mineral deposits younger than about 185 Ma were formed within the growing Cordilleran orogen, as terranes were accreted to the continental margin during interactions between the North America and Pacific/Farallon/Kula plates. Such syn- to post-accretionary mineralised systems include many large lode gold and porphyry/skarn systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Goldfarb, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUSTRALASIAN INST MINING & METALLURGY PI PARKVILLE VICTORIA PA CLUNIES ROSS HOUSE 191 ROYAL PARADE, PARKVILLE VICTORIA, 3052, AUSTRALIA BN 1-875776-71-0 J9 AUSTRALAS I MIN MET PY 1999 VL 99 IS 4 BP 273 EP 285 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BP45D UT WOS:000085170400031 ER PT B AU Willson, GD Stubbendieck, J AF Willson, GD Stubbendieck, J BE Eldridge, D Freudenberger, D TI The effect of big bluestem on post-fire smooth brome control SO PEOPLE AND RANGELANDS BUILDING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT VIth International Rangeland Congress CY JUL 19-23, 1999 CL TOWNSVILLE, AUSTRALIA SP USDA ARS, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, US Dept Interior Bur Land Management, Australian Fed Consortium, Agr Fisheries & Forestry, Australian Fed Consortium Rural Ind Res & Dev Corp, Cooperative Res Ctr Sustainable Dev Trop Savannas, CSIRO Trop Agr, Dept For Int Dev, FAO, Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Australian Agcy Int Dev, Australian Rangeland Soc, UN Environm Program, Agr, WA, CSIRO Wildlife & Ecol, Grassland Soc SO Africa, NSW Agr, NSW Dept Land & Water Conservat, Soc Range Management, Int Conf Support Scheme, Townsville City Council & Townsville Enterprise, Univ NSW, Univ SO Queensland C1 Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Willson, GD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VI INT RANGELAND CONGRESS INC PI AITKENVALE PA PO BOX 764, AITKENVALE, QLD 4814, AUSTRALIA BN 0-9577394-0-0 PY 1999 BP 281 EP 282 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BP58M UT WOS:000085573000129 ER PT B AU Baker, BW Noble, JC AF Baker, BW Noble, JC BE Eldridge, D Freudenberger, D TI People, vermin and loss of biodiversity: prairie dogs in North America and burrowing bettongs in Australia SO PEOPLE AND RANGELANDS BUILDING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT VIth International Rangeland Congress CY JUL 19-23, 1999 CL TOWNSVILLE, AUSTRALIA SP USDA ARS, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, US Dept Interior Bur Land Management, Australian Fed Consortium, Agr Fisheries & Forestry, Australian Fed Consortium Rural Ind Res & Dev Corp, Cooperative Res Ctr Sustainable Dev Trop Savannas, CSIRO Trop Agr, Dept For Int Dev, FAO, Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Australian Agcy Int Dev, Australian Rangeland Soc, UN Environm Program, Agr, WA, CSIRO Wildlife & Ecol, Grassland Soc SO Africa, NSW Agr, NSW Dept Land & Water Conservat, Soc Range Management, Int Conf Support Scheme, Townsville City Council & Townsville Enterprise, Univ NSW, Univ SO Queensland ID CATTLE C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Baker, BW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, 4512 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU VI INT RANGELAND CONGRESS INC PI AITKENVALE PA PO BOX 764, AITKENVALE, QLD 4814, AUSTRALIA BN 0-9577394-0-0 PY 1999 BP 647 EP 648 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BP58M UT WOS:000085573000300 ER PT J AU Skubal, KL Haack, SK Forney, LJ Adriaens, P AF Skubal, KL Haack, SK Forney, LJ Adriaens, P TI Effects of dynamic redox zonation on the potential for natural attenuation of trichloroethylene at a fire-training-impacted aquifer SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH PART B-HYDROLOGY OCEANS AND ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-ACCEPTING PROCESSES; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; GROUNDWATER; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION AB Hydrogeochemical and microbiological methods were used to characterize temporal changes along a transect of an aquifer contaminated by mixed hydrocarbon and solvent wastes from fire training activities at Wurtsmith Air Force Base (Oscoda, MI). Predominant terminal electron accepting processes (TEAPs) as measured by dissolved hydrogen indicated reoxygenation along the transect between October 1995 and October 1996, possibly because of recharge, fluctuations in water table elevation, or microbial activity. Microbiological analyses using universal and archaeal probes revealed a relationship between groundwater hydrogen concentration, TEAP, and predominant bacterial phylogeny. Specifically, a raised water table level and evidence of methanogenesis corresponded to an order of magnitude increase in archaeal 16S rRNA relative to when this zone was unsaturated. Spatial microbial and geochemical dynamics did not result in measurable differences in trichloroethylene (TCE) mineralization potential in vadose, capillary fringe, and saturated zone soils during a 500-day microcosm experiment using unprocessed contaminated soil and groundwater. Aerobic systems indicated that methane, but not toluene, may serve as a cosubstrate for TCE cometabolism. Anaerobic microcosms demonstrated evidence for methanogenesis, CO2 production and hydrogen consumption, yet dechlorination activity was only observed in a microcosm with sulfate-reduction as the dominant TEAP. Mass balance calculations indicated less than 5% mineralization, regardless of redox zone or degree of saturation, at maximum rates of 0.01-0.03 mu mol/g soil.d. The general lack of dechlorination activity under laboratory conditions corroborates the limited evidence for natural dechlorination at this site, despite abundant electron donor material and accumulated organic acids from microbial degradation of alkylbenzenes. Thus, the shea-term temporal dynamics in redox conditions is unlikely to have measurable effects on the long-term natural remediation potential of the aquifer. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Adriaens, P (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1351 Beal St,Suite 181 EWRE Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1464-1909 J9 PHYS CHEM EARTH PT B JI Phys. Chem. Earth Pt B-Hydrol. Oceans Atmos. PY 1999 VL 24 IS 6 BP 517 EP 527 DI 10.1016/S1464-1909(99)00039-8 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA 235EA UT WOS:000082526000005 ER PT B AU Jones, SA Lee, RW Kuniansky, EL AF Jones, SA Lee, RW Kuniansky, EL BE Leeson, A Alleman, BC TI Phytoremediation of trichloroethene (TCE) using cottonwood trees SO PHYTOREMEDIATION AND INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES FOR SPECIALIZED REMEDIAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 19-22, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Gas Res Inst, IT Grp Inc, Celtic Technol, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, U S Microb Inc, U S Naval Fac Engn Command, Waste Management Inc AB Phytoremediation uses the natural ability of plants to degrade contaminants in ground water. A field demonstration designed to remediate aerobic shallow ground water that contains trichloroethene began in April 1996 with the planting of cottonwood trees over an approximately 0.2-hectare area at the Naval Air Station, Fort Worth, Tex. Ground water was sampled in July 1997, November 1997, February 1998, and June 1998. Analyses from samples indicate that tree roots have the potential to create anaerobic conditions in the ground water that will facilitate degradation of trichloroethene by microbially mediated reductive dechlorination. Dissolved oxygen concentrations, which varied across the site, were smallest near a mature cottonwood tree (about 20-years old) 60 meters southwest of the cottonwood plantings. Reduction of dissolved oxygen is the primary microbially mediated reaction occurring in the ground water beneath the planted trees, whereas near the mature cottonwood tree, data indicate that methanogenesis is the most probable reaction occurring. Reductive dechlorination either is not occurring or is not a primary process away from the mature tree. On the basis of isotopic analyses of carbon-13 at locations away from the mature tree, trichloroethene concentration is controlled by volatilization. C1 US Geol Survey, Austin, TX USA. RP Jones, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Austin, TX USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-079-9 PY 1999 BP 101 EP 108 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN63C UT WOS:000082416500017 ER PT J AU Ottinger, MA Rattner, BA AF Ottinger, MA Rattner, BA TI Husbandry and care of quail SO POULTRY AND AVIAN BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE quail; husbandry C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Ottinger, MA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI NORTHWOOD PA PO BOX 81,, NORTHWOOD, MIDDX, ENGLAND HA6 3DN SN 1357-048X J9 POULT AVIAN BIOL REV JI Poult. Avian Biol. Rev. PY 1999 VL 10 IS 2 BP 117 EP 120 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 210XD UT WOS:000081129200010 ER PT B AU Cooperrider, AY Day, S Jacoby, C AF Cooperrider, AY Day, S Jacoby, C BE Baydack, RK Campa, H Haufler, JB TI The bioreserve strategy for conserving biodiversity SO PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO THE CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Conference of the Wildlife-Society CY SEP 12-17, 1995 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Wildlife Soc ID DIVERSITY C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ukiah, CA 95482 USA. RP Cooperrider, AY (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ukiah, CA 95482 USA. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-543-6 PY 1999 BP 35 EP + PG 23 WC Biology; Ecology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BM91L UT WOS:000080112500003 ER PT B AU Scott, JM Csuti, B Wright, RG Crist, PJ Jennings, MD AF Scott, JM Csuti, B Wright, RG Crist, PJ Jennings, MD BE Baydack, RK Campa, H Haufler, JB TI Regional approaches to managing and conserving biodiversity SO PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO THE CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Conference of the Wildlife-Society CY SEP 12-17, 1995 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Wildlife Soc ID RESERVE SELECTION ALGORITHMS; TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES; GAP ANALYSIS; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; VEGETATION; HOTSPOTS; RICHNESS; IDAHO; PARKS C1 Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Scott, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-543-6 PY 1999 BP 55 EP + PG 21 WC Biology; Ecology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BM91L UT WOS:000080112500004 ER PT B AU Trauger, DL AF Trauger, DL BE Baydack, RK Campa, H Haufler, JB TI Can we manage for biological diversity in the absence of scientific certainty? SO PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO THE CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Conference of the Wildlife-Society CY SEP 12-17, 1995 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Wildlife Soc ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGICAL-SOCIETY; BIODIVERSITY; AMERICA C1 US Geol Survey, Fisheries & Wildlife Sci Team, Biol Resources Div, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Trauger, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fisheries & Wildlife Sci Team, Biol Resources Div, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-543-6 PY 1999 BP 195 EP + PG 11 WC Biology; Ecology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BM91L UT WOS:000080112500012 ER PT S AU Soller, DR Berg, TM AF Soller, DR Berg, TM BE Derksen, CRM Manson, CJ TI Building the national geologic map database: Progress and challenges SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 33RD MEETING OF THE GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION SOCIETY: ACCRETING THE CONTINENT'S COLLECTIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Meeting of the Geoscience-Information-Society CY OCT 25-28, 1998 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Geosci Informat Soc AB The principal stated purpose of the National Geologic Mapping Act of 1992 and 1997 is to build a national archive of geologic and related maps, to be known as the National Geologic Map Database. In 1995, planning began, and in 1996 a project was formed to develop the Database. Information about this project can be found at "http://ncgmp.usgs.gov/ngmdbproject". The Database is designed as a distributed system, through cooperation between the USGS and the Association of American State Geologists. The first phase of the project is to develop a comprehensive catalog of all published paper and digital geoscience maps of areas within the United States. As of Spring, 1998, about 26% of all maps were cataloged and available for search at the Database Web site ("http://ngmdb.usgs.gov"). To support the use of these maps, we have prepared at that URL a Lexicon of Geologic Names. During the remainder of 1998, work will include: development of databases and web pages for paleontology and geologic mapping in progress; enlargement of the map catalog with state geological survey entries; and continued work on the development of various standards and data models to support work on the project's next phase - on-line access to standard geologic map products. Both the USGS Strategic Plan and the Geologic Division Strategic Science Team Report support development of a viable National Geologic Map Database. This is one goal among many important management objectives, and limits on staffing and funding will necessitate difficult decisions. Recognition in these two reports of the value of the Database, and its prioritization through the Geologic Mapping Act as an important Federal and State government responsibility favor evolution of the project into a well-supported information resource for the community. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Soller, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 908 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA AMERICAN GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302 USA SN 0072-1409 BN 0-934485-31-3 J9 P GEOS INF PY 1999 VL 29 BP 47 EP 55 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BP21M UT WOS:000084418400007 ER PT S AU Blair, N AF Blair, N BE Derksen, CRM Manson, CJ TI Review of some of the characteristics of GeoRef for users SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 33RD MEETING OF THE GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION SOCIETY: ACCRETING THE CONTINENT'S COLLECTIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Meeting of the Geoscience-Information-Society CY OCT 25-28, 1998 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Geosci Informat Soc C1 US Geol Survey Lib, Menlo Park, CA 94061 USA. RP Blair, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey Lib, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 955, Menlo Park, CA 94061 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA AMERICAN GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302 USA SN 0072-1409 BN 0-934485-31-3 J9 P GEOS INF PY 1999 VL 29 BP 111 EP 114 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BP21M UT WOS:000084418400020 ER PT B AU Rodgers, JG AF Rodgers, JG BE Eversole, AG TI Fish and wildlife management in the new millennium: Perspective from federal resource agencies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Conference of the Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY NOV 06-10, 1999 CL GREENSBORO, NC SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies C1 US Dept Interior, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA. RP Rodgers, JG (reprint author), US Dept Interior, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI TALLAHASSEE PA 8005 FRESHWATER FARMS RD, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32308 USA PY 1999 BP 4 EP 7 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Forestry; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Fisheries; Forestry; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BS39F UT WOS:000169733700002 ER PT B AU Schramm, HL Kraai, JE Munger, CR AF Schramm, HL Kraai, JE Munger, CR BE Eversole, AG TI Intensive stocking of striped bass to restructure a gizzard shad population in a eutrophic Texas reservoir SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Conference of the Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY NOV 06-10, 1999 CL GREENSBORO, NC SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies ID ZOOPLANKTON; MANAGEMENT AB Buffalo Springs Reservoir is highly eutrophic with a dense population of large gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) and limited production of young gizzard shad. Fingerling (40 mm total length) striped bass (Morone saxatilis) were stocked into Buffalo Springs Reservoir in 1992 and 1993 at a rate of 550/ha to restructure the gizzard had population. Three to 4 years after these stockings, density of large gizzard shad declined and a strong gizzard shad year class was produced. White crappie (Pomoxis annularis) recruitment paralleled gizzard shad recruitment. White crappie growth declined during 1991-1995 when age-0 gizzard shad were scarce or absent but increased in 1997, presumably a result of the abundant forage provided by the 1996 gizzard shad year class. No clear effects on largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) or bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) growth were apparent, but relative abundance of both species increased. C1 US Geol Survey, Miss Coop Fish & Wildl Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Schramm, HL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Miss Coop Fish & Wildl Res Unit, Mail Stop 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI TALLAHASSEE PA 8005 FRESHWATER FARMS RD, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32308 USA PY 1999 BP 180 EP 192 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Forestry; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Fisheries; Forestry; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BS39F UT WOS:000169733700021 ER PT B AU Morlock, SE Stewart, JA AF Morlock, SE Stewart, JA BE Anderson, SP Terray, EA White, JAR Williams, AJ TI Overview of hydro-acoustic current-measurement applications by the US Geological Survey in Indiana SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE SIXTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT MEASUREMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 6th Working Conference on Current Measurement CY MAR 11-13, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE AB The U.S. Geological Sun ey (USGS) maintains a network of 170 streamflow-gaging stations in Indiana to collect data from which continuous records of river discharges are produced. Traditionally, the discharge record from a station is produced by recording river stage and making periodic discharge measurements through a range of stage, then developing a relation between stage and discharge. Techniques that promise to increase data collection accuracy and efficiency include the use of hydro-acoustic instrumentation to measure river velocities. The velocity measurements are used to compute river discharge. In-situ applications of hydro-acoustic instruments by the USGS in Indiana include acoustic velocity meters (AVM's) at sir streamflow-gaging stations and newly developed Doppler velocity meters (DVM's) at two stations. AVM's use reciprocal travel times of acoustic signals to measure average water velocities along acoustic paths, whereas DVM's use the Doppler shift of backscattered acoustic signals to compute water velocities. In addition to the in-situ applications, three acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP's) are used to make river-discharge measurements from moving boats at streamflow-gaging stations in Indiana. The USGS has designed and is testing an innovative unmanned platform from which to make ADCP discharge measurements. C1 US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46234 USA. RP Morlock, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5957 Lakeside Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46234 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5505-9 PY 1999 BP 112 EP 116 DI 10.1109/CCM.1999.755225 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BM69M UT WOS:000079487900023 ER PT B AU Oberg, KA Duncker, JJ AF Oberg, KA Duncker, JJ BE Anderson, SP Terray, EA White, JAR Williams, AJ TI Measurement of velocities with an acoustic velocity meter, one side-looking and two upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Romeoville, Illinois. SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE SIXTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT MEASUREMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT IEEE 6th Working Conference on Current Measurement CY MAR 11-13, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE C1 US Geol Survey, Urbana, IL USA. RP Oberg, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Urbana, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5505-9 PY 1999 BP 117 EP 117 PG 1 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BM69M UT WOS:000079487900024 ER PT B AU Simpson, MR Bland, R AF Simpson, MR Bland, R BE Anderson, SP Terray, EA White, JAR Williams, AJ TI Techniques for accurate estimation of net discharge in a tidal channel SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE SIXTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT MEASUREMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 6th Working Conference on Current Measurement CY MAR 11-13, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE AB Accurate estimates of net residual discharge in tidally affected rivers and estuaries are possible because of recently developed ultrasonic discharge measurement techniques. Previous discharge estimates using conventional mechanical current meters and methods based on stage/discharge relations or water slope measurements yielded errors that were as great or greater than the computed residual discharge. Ultrasonic measurement methods consist of: (1) the use of ultrasonic instruments for the measurement of a representative "index" velocity used for in situ estimation of mean water velocity, and (2) the use of the acoustic Doppler current discharge measurement system to calibrate the index velocity measurement data. Methods used to calibrate (rate) the index velocity to the channel velocity measured using the acoustic Doppler current profiler are the most critical factors affecting the accuracy of net discharge estimation, The index velocity must first be related to mean channel velocity and then used to calculate instantaneous channel discharge. Finally discharge is low-pass filtered to remove the effects of the tides. An ultrasonic velocity meter discharge-measurement site in a tidally affected region of the Sacramento-San Joaquin rivers was used to study the accuracy of the index velocity calibration procedure. Calibration data consisting of ultrasonic velocity meter index velocity and concurrent acoustic Doppler discharge measurement data were collected during three time periods. Two sets of data were collected during a spring tide (monthly maximum tidal current) and one set was collected during a neap tide (monthly minimum tidal current). The relative magnitude of equipment errors, acoustic Doppler discharge measurement errors, and calibration errors were evaluated, Calibration error was found to be the most significant source of error in estimating net discharge, Using a comprehensive calibration method, net discharge estimates developed from the three sets of calibration data differed by less than an average of 4 cubic meters per second (less than 0.5 percent of the maximum tidal now). Typical maximum flow rates during the data-collection period averaged 750 cubic meters per second. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Simpson, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5505-9 PY 1999 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1109/CCM.1999.755228 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BM69M UT WOS:000079487900027 ER PT B AU Campbell, DL Eckhart, JC AF Campbell, DL Eckhart, JC BE Powers, MH Cramer, L Bell, RS TI Tests of shallow-penetrating EM systems over an underground bunker SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICS TO ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP) at the Annual Meeting of the EEGS CY MAR 14-18, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP Environm & Engn Geophys Soc, Natl Ground Water Assoc, Minerals & Geotech Logging Soc, Geo Inst Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Assoc Engn Geologists, ABEM Instrument AB, Adv Geosci Inc, Geometr, Geonics Ltd, Geophex, GSY USA Inc, Intelligent Resources, Mala Geosci USA Inc, Mt Sopris Instruments, Sensors & Software, Vanguard Geophys C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Campbell, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI WHEAT RIDGE PA 10200 W 44TH AVE #304, WHEAT RIDGE, CO 80033 USA PY 1999 BP 265 EP 272 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN80Q UT WOS:000082991400029 ER PT B AU Powers, CJ Haeni, FP Smith, S AF Powers, CJ Haeni, FP Smith, S BE Powers, MH Cramer, L Bell, RS TI Integrated use of continuous seismic-reflection profiling and ground-penetrating radar methods at John's Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICS TO ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP) at the Annual Meeting of the EEGS CY MAR 14-18, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP Environm & Engn Geophys Soc, Natl Ground Water Assoc, Minerals & Geotech Logging Soc, Geo Inst Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Assoc Engn Geologists, ABEM Instrument AB, Adv Geosci Inc, Geometr, Geonics Ltd, Geophex, GSY USA Inc, Intelligent Resources, Mala Geosci USA Inc, Mt Sopris Instruments, Sensors & Software, Vanguard Geophys AB Continuous seismic-reflection profiling (CSP) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in April 1998 over the northern part of John's Pond, a glacial kettle pond southeast of Otis Air National Guard Base, Cape God, Massachusetts. The surveys were conducted to delineate the types and thickness of sedimentary units that may control the infiltration of contaminated groundwater into John's Pond. Sand-and-gravel deposits, collapse features and recent organic sediments were imaged with the CSP and GPR methods. Hummocky to chaotic reflections were interpreted as sand-and-gravel deposits. Slightly wavy, parallel reflections located in depressions in the sand-and-gravel deposits were interpreted as filled collapse features. Lower amplitude, horizontal, laminar reflections were interpreted as organic sediments. Entrapped methane gas within some of the organic sediments created a reflection zone that obscured deeper reflections in the CSP records. The CSP and GPR methods provide complementary information over most of the surveyed part of the pond. The methods detect similar interfaces, but a particular interface may produce a stronger reflection in one record than in the other. For example, regions of the pond containing organic sediments with entrapped methane gas, which prevent penetration of the acoustic signal, were penetrated and imaged by GPR. Conversely, regions of the pond containing electrically conductive sediments or deep water, which attenuate the GPR signal, were imaged using CSP. The CSP and GPR data were interpreted to generate a bathymetric map and a map of sediment type and thickness beneath John's Pond. C1 US Geol Survey, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Powers, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 11 Sherman Pl U-5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI WHEAT RIDGE PA 10200 W 44TH AVE #304, WHEAT RIDGE, CO 80033 USA PY 1999 BP 359 EP 368 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN80Q UT WOS:000082991400041 ER PT B AU Wynn, J Laurent, K AF Wynn, J Laurent, K BE Powers, MH Cramer, L Bell, RS TI Mapping buried metallic objects and titaniferous placers in the Mississippi Sound, Gulf of Mexico SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICS TO ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP) at the Annual Meeting of the EEGS CY MAR 14-18, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP Environm & Engn Geophys Soc, Natl Ground Water Assoc, Minerals & Geotech Logging Soc, Geo Inst Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Assoc Engn Geologists, ABEM Instrument AB, Adv Geosci Inc, Geometr, Geonics Ltd, Geophex, GSY USA Inc, Intelligent Resources, Mala Geosci USA Inc, Mt Sopris Instruments, Sensors & Software, Vanguard Geophys AB Recent experiments with a marine induced polarization (IP) streamer system have shown that it can find and map titaniferous placers on and beneath the sea floor (Wynn and Laurent, 1998) and facies changes in the substrate beneath sandy shoals (Wynn and others, 1998). Close examination of profile data acquired in the Mississippi Sound, however, shows that the system can also detect certain conductive, polarizing objects that are buried beneath the sea floor and not discernible with conventional bathymetry. The streamer system is designed to detect polarizeable materials down to at least 6 meters below the sediment-water interface. The recent data show broad phase-shift (IP) anomalies along the east side of Cat Island, off the coast of Biloxi, MS. Dark, titaniferous sands can be seen in dissected benches and berms on the island's coastline, reinforcing the conclusion that the IP system is mapping the ilmenite-rich (FeTiO3) sediments reported in shoals there (Foxworth, 1962). Interspersed in these data, however, are several narrow electrical anomalies of two kinds: resistivity, and resistivity-IF anomalies. Both kinds show pronounced drops in the already-low resistivity, and several of these also have coincident phase-shift anomalies. The polarizing objects observed are similar to 10 to 20 meters across, but the IP anomalies can be seen similar to 20 to 40 meters laterally fi om their centers. The sources of these anomalies are probably man-made in origin, buried under a veneer of modem sediments. We speculate that these are shipwrecks, sunken buoys or parts thereof, lost and later buried tin water now about 3 meters deep) by Hurricane Camille, which passed through the area in 1969. We cannot, however, preclude emplacement and burial at an earlier time. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Wynn, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI WHEAT RIDGE PA 10200 W 44TH AVE #304, WHEAT RIDGE, CO 80033 USA PY 1999 BP 803 EP 810 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN80Q UT WOS:000082991400088 ER PT B AU Wright, DL Smith, DV Abraham, JD Smith, RT Cui, TJ Chew, WC AF Wright, DL Smith, DV Abraham, JD Smith, RT Cui, TJ Chew, WC BE Powers, MH Cramer, L Bell, RS TI New field and modeling results from a simulated waste pit using the enhanced very early time electromagnetic (VETEM) prototype system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICS TO ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP) at the Annual Meeting of the EEGS CY MAR 14-18, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP Environm & Engn Geophys Soc, Natl Ground Water Assoc, Minerals & Geotech Logging Soc, Geo Inst Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Assoc Engn Geologists, ABEM Instrument AB, Adv Geosci Inc, Geometr, Geonics Ltd, Geophex, GSY USA Inc, Intelligent Resources, Mala Geosci USA Inc, Mt Sopris Instruments, Sensors & Software, Vanguard Geophys AB Tests in July, 1998, of an improved version of the prototype VETEM system demonstrated improved depth of investigation at the Cold Test Pit (CTP) at the Idaho National Environmental and Engineering Laboratory (INEEL). The improved depth of investigation is due primarily to the development of larger loop antennas and a new transmitter capable of driving up to 30 times more current than the original transmitter into the larger loop. An overlapped antenna configuration was tried and proved effective in detecting buried objects. New display software allows us, for the first time, to generate areal time-slice displays of our data in the field for fast qualitative evaluation. Comparisons of results using two different antenna configurations over the Large Object Pit portion of the CTP show generally good agreement, but show an apparent position offset of the two data sets from each other. The test over the Calibration Cell portion of the CTP using the overlapped antenna configuration successfully located most of the indicated targets in the cell. Results over both portions of the CTP suggest that the indicated locations of some of the buried objects may not be completely accurate. New antenna and 3D forward modeling codes run using an input waveform, antenna size and configuration, and system bandwidth matching those of the VETEM system produce waveforms and show sensitivities similar to those seen in recorded field data. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wright, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Chew, Weng Cho/C-1792-2009 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI WHEAT RIDGE PA 10200 W 44TH AVE #304, WHEAT RIDGE, CO 80033 USA PY 1999 BP 811 EP 820 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN80Q UT WOS:000082991400089 ER PT B AU Paillet, FL Williams, JH Hess, AE AF Paillet, FL Williams, JH Hess, AE BE Powers, MH Cramer, L Bell, RS TI A wireline-operated downhole packer for hydraulic measurements in boreholes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICS TO ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP) at the Annual Meeting of the EEGS CY MAR 14-18, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP Environm & Engn Geophys Soc, Natl Ground Water Assoc, Minerals & Geotech Logging Soc, Geo Inst Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Assoc Engn Geologists, ABEM Instrument AB, Adv Geosci Inc, Geometr, Geonics Ltd, Geophex, GSY USA Inc, Intelligent Resources, Mala Geosci USA Inc, Mt Sopris Instruments, Sensors & Software, Vanguard Geophys AB A wireline-operated packer was designed for reconnaissance logging in open boreholes and field tested at a site in Belvidere, Illinois. Although the wireline packer uses a single downhole-inflated packer, analysis converts the wireline-packer data to estimates of hydraulic properties of zones between adjacent packer measurement stations. A synthetic data example shows how the single packer can be used to efficiently and effectively identify the depth intervals where hydraulically active fractures or bedding planes intersect a borehole. Data. analysis subsequently provides estimates of the hydraulic head, transmissivity, and water quality for each of these zones. Field tests of the wireline packer in Illinois produced estimates of zone hydraulic head and relative transmissivity that agreed with values given by conventional straddle-packer hydraulic tests. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Paillet, FL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 403, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI WHEAT RIDGE PA 10200 W 44TH AVE #304, WHEAT RIDGE, CO 80033 USA PY 1999 BP 841 EP 850 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN80Q UT WOS:000082991400092 ER PT B AU Butman, MW Gettings, ME Wynn, J AF Butman, MW Gettings, ME Wynn, J BE Powers, MH Cramer, L Bell, RS TI A three-dimensional interpretation of an aem survey in the upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICS TO ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP) at the Annual Meeting of the EEGS CY MAR 14-18, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP Environm & Engn Geophys Soc, Natl Ground Water Assoc, Minerals & Geotech Logging Soc, Geo Inst Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Assoc Engn Geologists, ABEM Instrument AB, Adv Geosci Inc, Geometr, Geonics Ltd, Geophex, GSY USA Inc, Intelligent Resources, Mala Geosci USA Inc, Mt Sopris Instruments, Sensors & Software, Vanguard Geophys AB In March 1997, a time-domain Airborne ElectroMagnetic (AEM) survey was flown over the upper San Pedro basin, Arizona, by Geoterrex-Dighem Ltd. of Ottawa, Canada. This survey was contracted and analyzed by the U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Division. A mathematical transformation of the AEM data, referred to as a conductivity depth transform or CDT, was used to build a three-dimensional model of resistivity in the basin. Comparisons of the CDTs and resistivity measured in electric well logs from nine Fort Huachuca test wells show that the CDTs are a good representation of the electrical conductivity of basin sediments for the upper 150 m. Below 150 m trends in conductivity systematically decrease with depth, and therefore conductors deeper than 150 m represented on the CDTs are underestimated. The depth to the water table generally corresponds to the uppermost maximum of conductivity, but there are many exceptions. It is possible that the relationship is coincidental with those areas where the water table happens to fall in a zone of (more conductive) silts and clays. The eastern half of the basin near the Tombstone Hills contains an increasing proportion of silts and clays with depth. We infer that this is due to weathering of the volcanic rocks off of the Tombstone Kills into a low energy environment during the filling of the basin. This resulted in a southwestward extending wedge of silt and clay which is most extensive at depth and least at the surface. The lower part of this wedge may include outflow tuff from the Tombstone caldera. This material limits the permeability of much of the aquifer and thus is hydrologically significant. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Butman, MW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Suite 355,520 N Park Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI WHEAT RIDGE PA 10200 W 44TH AVE #304, WHEAT RIDGE, CO 80033 USA PY 1999 BP 889 EP 898 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN80Q UT WOS:000082991400097 ER PT S AU Belnap, J Williams, J Kaltenecker, J AF Belnap, J Williams, J Kaltenecker, J BE Meurisse, RT Ypsilantis, WG Seybold, C TI Structure and function of biological soil crusts SO PROCEEDINGS: PACIFIC NORTHWEST FOREST AND RANGELAND SOIL ORGANISM SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Review CT Pacific Northwest Forest and Rangeland Soil Organism Symposium CY MAR 17-19, 1998 CL CORVALLIS, OR SP USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Reg, USDI Bur Land Management, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil Qual Inst, Oregon State Univ, Oregon Soc Soil Scientists DE cryptobiotic soil crusts; microphytic; microbiotic; soil erosion; germination; nutrient cycles; deserts ID PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; CRYPTOGAMIC CRUSTS; CO2 EXCHANGE; ARID LANDS; TEMPERATURE RESPONSES; SURFACE DISTURBANCES; NITROGENASE ACTIVITY; RAMALINA-MACIFORMIS; CHENOPOD SHRUBLAND; SOUTHEASTERN UTAH AB Biological soil crusts are found throughout the world. They are generally dominated by cyanobacteria, lichens, and mosses. When moistened, cyanobacteria move through soils, leaving sticky sheaths behind. Sheaths connect loose soil particles, contributing soil resistance to wind and water erosion. Abandoned sheaths are found up to 10 cm down in soils, providing stability at depth. Moistened sheaths absorb ten times their volume of water. Crusted surfaces roughened by frostheaving slow rainfall runoff, thus increasing infiltration. Crusts can reduce germination of exotic annual grasses. They contribute nitrogen to desert ecosystems, where nitrogen often limits productivity. Plants growing in crusted areas often have higher levels of many nutrients than plants in non-crusted areas. Many land uses are incompatible with crustal integrity. Cyanobacterial fibers have little resistance to compressional stress. Crushed crusts contribute less nitrogen to soils. Impacted soils are susceptible to both wind and water erosion, leading to soil loss and burial of nearby crusts. Recovery is generally very slow. Rates depend on climate; size, timing, and intensity of disturbance; and soil type. areas with less stable soils and less rainfall, full recovery may take over 250 years, even with small disturbances. with more inherent stability or areas with greater rainfall will recover more rapidly. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Field Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Field Stn, 2282 SW Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. NR 136 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 24 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Northwest PY 1999 VL 461 BP 161 EP 178 PG 18 WC Ecology; Forestry; Microbiology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Microbiology; Agriculture GA BN50J UT WOS:000082048100016 ER PT J AU Springer, AM Piatt, JF Shuntov, VP Van Vliet, GB Vladimirov, VL Kuzin, AE Perlov, AS AF Springer, AM Piatt, JF Shuntov, VP Van Vliet, GB Vladimirov, VL Kuzin, AE Perlov, AS TI Marine birds and mammals of the Pacific Subarctic Gyres SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Science Board Symposium, at the 6th Annual Meeting of the North-Pacific-Marine-Science-Organization CY OCT 24, 1997 CL PUSAN, SOUTH KOREA SP N Pacific Marine Sci Org ID NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL; QUEEN-CHARLOTTE-ISLANDS; LEACHS STORM-PETRELS; BERING SEA; FUR SEALS; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; FEEDING-HABITS; FOOD WEBS; ALASKA; GULF AB The importance of the subarctic gyres of the North Pacific Ocean to marine birds and mammals is poorly known because of a paucity of data spanning appropriate scales of time and space. The little information that is available indicates the western subarctic gyre (WSAG) is more productive than the eastern subarctic gyre (ESAG), In summer the WSAG supports a greater density and higher biomass of seabirds than the ESAG, including at least two species that are more abundant at nesting colonies in the eastern subarctic. Perhaps most revealing of the seabird distributions in this regard is that of southern hemisphere shearwaters (Puffinus spp.) that overwinter in the North Pacific. Their biomass is an order of magnitude greater than that of any northern hemisphere species and is three-fold greater in the WSAG than in the ESAG, Several species of cetaceans also appear to be, or to have been prior to commercial depletions, more abundant in the WSA, Among the many prey species consumed by marine birds and mammals, squids and fishes in the family Myctophidae predominate overall. Other forage species, notably euphausiids, Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) and Atka mackerel (Pleurogmmnus monopterygius) are important at times to certain species. The principal exceptions to this generalization are baleen whales and small seabirds that consume zooplankton. Interannual and decadal-scale variability in the physical environment and food web production affect seabirds and marine mammals at sea and at coastal breeding locations around the margins of the gyres. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. TINRO, Pacific Res Inst Fisheries & Oceanog, Vladivostok 690600, Russia. Russian Fed Res Inst Fisheries & Oceanog, Moscow 107140, Russia. RP Springer, AM (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 96 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 1999 VL 43 IS 2-4 BP 443 EP 487 DI 10.1016/S0079-6611(99)00014-2 PG 45 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 222ZA UT WOS:000081814200011 ER PT B AU Finkelman, RB Palmer, CA Kolker, A Mroczkowski, SJ AF Finkelman, RB Palmer, CA Kolker, A Mroczkowski, SJ BE Li, BQ Liu, ZY TI Quantifying the modes of occurrence of elements in coal SO PROSPECTS FOR COAL SCIENCE IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Coal Science CY SEP 12-17, 1999 CL INST COAL CHEM, ST KEY LAB COAL CONVERS, TAIYUAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Energy Agcy, Inst Coal Chem, Taiyuan Univ Technol HO INST COAL CHEM, ST KEY LAB COAL CONVERS ID TRACE-ELEMENTS AB Quantitative information on the modes of occurrence of elements in coal is necessary to develop models for predicting the behavior of these elements during coal cleaning and combustion. The U.S. Geological Survey has developed an integrated approach to semiquantitatively determine the modes of occurrence of trace elements in coal. By combining results from sequential leaching, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis, modes of occurrence information have been quantified for elements of technologic concern, elements of interest as economic byproducts, and elements designated as potential environmental and human health hazards. From the sequential leaching procedure the modes of occurrence of about 40 elements can be inferred from their response to four different solvents. Microprobe analyses provide information on the concentrations of Cr in illite, As, Se, Co, Ni, and Pb in pyrite, and Mn and Sr in carbonates. Generally more than 50 percent of the As and Hg present are leached by HNO(3) indicating an association of these elements with pyrite. With few exceptions, more than 50 percent of the Be and 40 percent of the Cr are leached by HF, indicating an association with aluminosilicates. More than 35 percent of the Se is associated with disulfides in most coals, but as much as 95 percent of the Se was not leached, indicating an organic association. Co, Ni, Sb, Th and U have multiple modes of occurrence. Commonly, more than 55 percent of the Cd and up to 75 percent of the Pb is associated with mono- and di-sulfides. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Finkelman, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SHANXI SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PRESS PI SHANXI PA 11 BINGZHOU BEILU TALYUAN, SHANXI 03001, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-5377-1640-4 PY 1999 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BQ24C UT WOS:000087704500005 ER PT B AU Finkelman, RB AF Finkelman, RB BE Li, BQ Liu, ZY TI Health impacts of residential coal combustion in China SO PROSPECTS FOR COAL SCIENCE IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Coal Science CY SEP 12-17, 1999 CL INST COAL CHEM, ST KEY LAB COAL CONVERS, TAIYUAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Energy Agcy, Inst Coal Chem, Taiyuan Univ Technol HO INST COAL CHEM, ST KEY LAB COAL CONVERS DE health problems; arsenosis; fluorosis; China; PAH ID LUNG-CANCER; XUAN-WEI; POLLUTION AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has concluded that, with the possible exception of mercury, there is no compelling evidence to indicate that emissions from coal-burning electric utility generators cause human health problems. However, in many developing countries, residential use of coal can present serious human health problems because the coals used are generally mined locally with little regard to their composition and the coals are commonly burned in poorly vented or unvented stoves directly exposing residents to the emissions. At least 3,000 people in Guizhou Province in southwest China are suffering from severe arsenic poisoning. The primary source of the arsenic appears to be consumption of chili peppers dried over fires fueled with high-arsenic coal. More than 10 million people in Guizhou Province and surrounding areas suffer from dental and skeletal fluorosis. The excess fluorine is due to eating corn dried over burning briquettes made from high-fluorine coals and high-fluorine clay binders. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons formed during coal combustion are believed to cause or contribute to the high incidence of esophageal and lung cancers in parts of China. Better knowledge of coal quality parameters may help to reduce some of these health problems. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Finkelman, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SHANXI SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PRESS PI SHANXI PA 11 BINGZHOU BEILU TALYUAN, SHANXI 03001, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-5377-1640-4 PY 1999 BP 1457 EP 1460 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BQ24C UT WOS:000087704500360 ER PT B AU Finkelman, RB Palmer, CA Kolker, A Mroczkowski, SJ AF Finkelman, RB Palmer, CA Kolker, A Mroczkowski, SJ BE Li, BQ Liu, ZY TI Quantifying the modes of occurrence of elements in coal SO PROSPECTS FOR COAL SCIENCE IN THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Coal Science CY SEP 12-17, 1999 CL INST COAL CHEM, ST KEY LAB COAL CONVERS, TAIYUAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Energy Agcy, Inst Coal Chem, Taiyuan Univ Technol HO INST COAL CHEM, ST KEY LAB COAL CONVERS DE modes of occurrence; selective leaching; mercury; arsenic ID TRACE-ELEMENTS AB Quantitative information on the modes of occurrence of elements in coal is necessary to develop models for predicting the behavior of these elements during coal cleaning and combustion. The U.S. Geological Survey has developed an integrated approach to semi-quantitatively determine the modes of occurrence of trace elements in coal. By combining results from sequential leaching, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis, modes of occurrence information have been quantified for elements of technologic concern, elements of interest as economic byproducts, and elements designated as potential environmental and human health hazards. From the sequential leaching procedure the modes of occurrence of about 40 elements can be inferred from their response to four different solvents. Microprobe analyses provide information on the concentrations of Cr in illite, As, Se, Co, Ni, and Pb in pyrite, and Mn and Sr in carbonates. Generally more than 50 percent of the As and Hg present are leached by HNO(3) indicating an association of these elements with pyrite. With few exceptions, more than 50 percent of the Be and 40 percent of the Cr are Leached by HF, indicating an association with aluminosilicates. More than 35 percent of the Se is associated with disulfides in most coals, but as much as 95 percent of the Se was not leached, indicating an organic association. Co, Ni, Sb, Th and U have multiple modes of occurrence. Commonly, more than 55 percent of the Cd and up to 75 percent of the Pb is associated with mono- and di-sulfides. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Finkelman, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SHANXI SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PRESS PI SHANXI PA 11 BINGZHOU BEILU TALYUAN, SHANXI 03001, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-5377-1650-4 PY 1999 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BP29H UT WOS:000084595500005 ER PT B AU Finkelman, RB AF Finkelman, RB BE Li, BQ Liu, ZY TI Health impacts of residential coal combustion in China SO PROSPECTS FOR COAL SCIENCE IN THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Coal Science CY SEP 12-17, 1999 CL INST COAL CHEM, ST KEY LAB COAL CONVERS, TAIYUAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Energy Agcy, Inst Coal Chem, Taiyuan Univ Technol HO INST COAL CHEM, ST KEY LAB COAL CONVERS DE health problems; arsenosis; fluorosis; China; PAH ID LUNG-CANCER; XUAN-WEI; POLLUTION AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has concluded that, with the possible exception of mercury, there is no compelling evidence to indicate that emissions from coal-burning electric utility generators cause human health problems. However, in many developing countries, residential use of coal can present serious human health problems because the coals used are generally mined locally with little regard to their composition and the coals are commonly burned in poorly vented or unvented stoves directly exposing residents td the emissions. At least 3,000 people in Guizhou Province in southwest China are suffering from severe arsenic poisoning. The primary source of the arsenic appears to be consumption of chili peppers dried over fires fueled with high-arsenic coal. More than 10 million people in Guizhou Province and surrounding areas suffer from dental and skeletal fluorosis. The excess fluorine is due to eating corn dried over burning briquettes made from high-fluorine coals and high-fluorine clay binders. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons formed during coal combustion are believed to cause or contribute to the high incidence of esophageal and lung cancers in parts of China. Better knowledge of coal quality parameters may help to reduce some of these health problems. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Finkelman, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SHANXI SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PRESS PI SHANXI PA 11 BINGZHOU BEILU TALYUAN, SHANXI 03001, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-5377-1650-4 PY 1999 BP 1457 EP 1460 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BP29H UT WOS:000084595500358 ER PT J AU Schmoll, HR Yehle, LA Updike, RG AF Schmoll, HR Yehle, LA Updike, RG TI Summary of Quaternary geology of the Municipality of Anchorage, Alaska SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; COOK INLET REGION; TEPHRA DEPOSITS; HOLOCENE AB Quaternary geology of the Upper Cook Inlet region is dominated by deposits of glacier retreats that followed repeated advances from both adjacent and more distant mountains. At several levels high on the mountains, there are remnant glacial deposits and other features of middle or older Pleistocene age. Late Pleistocene lateral moraimes along the Chugach Mountain front represent successively younger positions of ice retreat from the last glacial maximum. As the trunk glacier retreated northeastward up the Anchorage lowland, Cook Inlet transgressed the area, depositing the Bootlegger Cove Formation and Tudor Road deposits. The glacier then readvanced to form the latest Pleistocene Elmendorf Moraine, a prominent feature that trends across the Anchorage lowland. Extensive alluvium was deposited both concurrently and somewhat later as Cook Inlet regressed. Mountain valleys contain (1) locally preserved moraines possibly of early Holocene age; (2) poorly preserved moraine remnants of older late Holocene age; and (3) well-preserved moraines formed mainly during the Little Ice Age. Glaciers still occupy large parts of the mountains, the upper ends of some mountain valleys, and small cirques. Holocene landslide deposits, including those formed during the great Alaska earthquake of 1964, occur throughout the area, especially along bluffs containing the Bootlegger Cove Formation. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Schmoll, HR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046 MS 966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 119 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PY 1999 VL 60 BP 3 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S1040-6182(99)00004-X PG 34 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 270BX UT WOS:000084516500002 ER PT J AU Milly, PCD AF Milly, PCD TI Comment on "Antiphasing between rainfall in Africa's Rift Valley and North America's Great Basin" SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 NOAA, US Geol Survey, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Milly, PCD (reprint author), NOAA, US Geol Survey, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 51 IS 1 BP 104 EP 107 DI 10.1006/qres.1998.2011 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 158WJ UT WOS:000078140200010 ER PT J AU Litwin, RJ Smoot, JP Durika, NJ Smith, GI AF Litwin, RJ Smoot, JP Durika, NJ Smith, GI TI Calibrating Late Quaternary terrestrial climate signals: radiometrically dated pollen evidence from the southern Sierra Nevada, USA SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE STRATIGRAPHY; GRANDE PILE VOSGES; SEARLES LAKE; TH-230 AGES; ICE AGES; U-TH; CALIFORNIA; RECORD; VEGETATION; TRANSPORT AB We constructed a radiometrically calibrated proxy record of Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate change exceeding 230,000 yr duration, using pollen profiles from two cores taken through age-equivalent dry lakes-one core having greater age control (via Th-230 alpha mass-spectrometry) and the other having greater stratigraphic completeness. The better dated of these two serial pollen records (Searles Lake) served as a reference section for improving the effective radiometric age control in a nearby and more complete pollen record (Owens Lake) because they: (1) are situated similar to 90 km apart in the same drainage system (on, and immediately leeward of, the eastern flank of the Sierra Nevada), and (2) preserved strikingly similar pollen profiles and concordant sequences of sedimentological changes. Pollen assemblages from both lakes are well preserved and diverse, and document serial changes in Late Pleistocene and Holocene plant zone distribution and composition in the westernmost Great Basin; they consist of taxa now inhabiting montane forest, woodland, steppe, and desert-scrub environments. The studied core intervals are interpreted here to be the terrestrial equivalent of marine delta(18)O stages 1 through 9; these pollen profiles now appear to be among the best radiometrically dated Late Pleistocene records of terrestrial climate change known. Published by 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Litwin, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 955, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 78 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PY 1999 VL 18 IS 10-11 BP 1151 EP 1171 DI 10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00111-5 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 225PX UT WOS:000081970900002 ER PT J AU Davidson, GR Yang, IC AF Davidson, GR Yang, IC TI Changes in C-14 activity over time during vacuum distillation of carbon from rock pore water SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID FRACTIONATION; DIOXIDE AB The radiocarbon activity of carbon collected by vacuum distillation from a single partially saturated tuff began to decline after approximately 60% of the water and carbon had been extracted. Disproportionate changes in C-14 activity and delta(13)C during distillation rule out simple isotopic fractionation as a causative explanation. Additional phenomena such as matrix diffusion and ion exclusion in micropores may play a role in altering the isotopic value of extracted carbon, but neither can fully account for the observed changes. The most plausible explanation is that distillation recovers carbon from an adsorbed phase that is depleted in C-14 relative to DIC in the bulk pore water. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Davidson, GR (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Carrier Hall, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 1999 VL 41 IS 2 BP 141 EP 148 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 228QG UT WOS:000082146700005 ER PT J AU Marinsky, JA Mathuthu, A Ephraim, JH Reddy, MM AF Marinsky, JA Mathuthu, A Ephraim, JH Reddy, MM TI Calcium ion binding to a soil fulvic acid using a Donnan Potential model SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE fulvic acid; calcium; complexation; ion binding; stability constants; Donnan Potential ID POLY-ELECTROLYTE PROPERTIES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; COMPLEXATION EQUILIBRIA; PHYSICOCHEMICAL DESCRIPTION; PROTONATION EQUILIBRIA; HETEROGENEITY; SITE; ULTRAFILTRATION; ALUMINUM; EUROPIUM AB Calcium ion binding to a soil fulvic acid (Armadale Bh Horizon) was evaluated over a range of calcium ion concentrations, from pH 3.8 to 7.3, using potentiometric titrations and calcium ion electrode measurements. Fulvic acid concentration was constant (100 milligrams per liter) and calcium ion concentration Varied up to 8 x 10(-4) moles per liter. Experiments discussed here included: (1) titrations of fulvic acid-calcium ion containing solutions with sodium hydroxide; and (2) titrations of fully neutralized fulvic acid with calcium chloride solutions. Apparent binding constants (expressed as the logarithm of the value, log beta(app)) vary with solution pH, calcium ion concentration, degree of acid dissociation, and ionic strength (from log beta(app) = 2.5 to 3.9) and are similar to those reported by others. Fulvic acid charge, and the associated Donnan Potential, influences calcium ion-fulvic acid ion pair formation. A Donnan Potential correction term allowed calculation of intrinsic calcium ion-fulvic acid binding constants. Intrinsic binding constants vary from 1.2 to 2.5 (the average value is about log beta = 1.6) and are similar to, but somewhat higher than, stability constants for calcium ion-carboxylic acid monodentate complexes. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Linkoping Univ, Dept Water & Environm Studies, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. Natl Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Appl Chem, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Reddy, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1999 VL 84 IS 4 BP 205 EP 211 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 222UX UT WOS:000081804600005 ER PT B AU Kus, BE AF Kus, BE BE Morrison, ML Hall, LS Robinson, SK Rothstein, SI Hahn, DC Rich, TD TI Impacts of Brown-headed Cowbird parasitism on productivity of the endangered Least Bell's Vireo SO RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT OF THE BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD IN WESTERN LANDSCAPES SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Research and Management of the Brown-Headed Cowbird in Western Landscapes CY OCT 23-25, 1997 CL SACRAMENTO, CA SP US Bur Land Management, USGS Biol Resources Div, Partners Flight Res Working Grp, California State Univ, Sacramento, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Fresno, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Sacramento, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, USGS Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Soc, W Sect, Cooper Ornithol Soc DE brood parasitism; Brown-headed Cowbird; endangered species; Least Bell's Vireo; Molothrus ater; reproductive success; species management; Vireo bellii pusillus AB The Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus) is an obligate riparian breeder brought to the brink of extinction in the last 50 years by habitat loss and Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism. Although cowbird removal programs have effectively reversed the species' decline and promoted a rangewide population rebound, limitations on the timing, duration, location, and scope of trapping efforts permit parasitism to continue in some vireo populations. We quantified the impact of cowbirds on vireo productivity during a 9-yr study of one such population at the San Luis Rey River, California, where trapping of adults and removal of cowbird eggs from vireo nests were conducted annually to control parasitism. Cowbird parasitism occurred in every year of the study, and extended throughout the entire breeding season (April-August). Nineteen to 43% of nests (N = 667), and 19-56% of pairs (25-66), were parasitized at least once during a given year. On average, 29% of parasitized nests (N = 207) were abandoned before cowbird eggs could be removed, and parasitism was responsible for up to 29% of all nest failures. Of 139 nests from which cowbird eggs were removed, 99% remained active, and half eventually fledged vireo young. However, reduced clutch size and hatch rate in these "rescued" nests resulted in the production of up to four times fewer young per nest, and half as many young per egg, than non-parasitized nests. Nevertheless, nest monitoring and cowbird egg removal enhanced annual productivity by 11-44% over that expected in the absence of monitoring and removal. While monitoring and egg removal are effective tools in reducing impacts of parasitized nests, it is essential that appropriate trapping protocol be implemented to prevent access of cowbirds to nests and thus eliminate the impacts that monitoring cannot control. Long-term plans for management of cowbirds and their hosts should emphasize controlling landscape level factors influencing cowbird abundance as opposed to reliance solely on localized trapping programs. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, USGS Biol Resources Div, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Kus, BE (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, USGS Biol Resources Div, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-06-9 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 1999 IS 18 BP 160 EP 166 PG 3 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BN33Z UT WOS:000081665400021 ER PT B AU Sedgwick, JA Iko, WM AF Sedgwick, JA Iko, WM BE Morrison, ML Hall, LS Robinson, SK Rothstein, SI Hahn, DC Rich, TD TI Costs of Brown-headed Cowbird parasitism to Willow Flycatchers SO RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT OF THE BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD IN WESTERN LANDSCAPES SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Research and Management of the Brown-Headed Cowbird in Western Landscapes CY OCT 23-25, 1997 CL SACRAMENTO, CA SP US Bur Land Management, USGS Biol Resources Div, Partners Flight Res Working Grp, California State Univ, Sacramento, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Fresno, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Sacramento, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, USGS Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Soc, W Sect, Cooper Ornithol Soc DE brood parasitism; Brown-headed Cowbird; Empidonax traillii adastus; lifetime reproductive success; Molothrus ater; seasonal fecundity; spatial and temporal variability; Willow Flycatcher AB The costs of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) brood parasitism to Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii adastus) seasonal fecundity and lifetime reproductive success were assessed in a long-term study conducted from 1988-1997 at Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon. Parasitism rates of Willow Flycatcher pairs (N = 882) among three study areas averaged 23.4%, ranging from 10.9-40.7% over 10 years tall study areas combined) and from 15.4-41.5% across the three study areas tall years combined). The lowest (0.0%, Dredger South, 1997) and highest (87.1%, Bridge Creek, 1991) parasitism rates underline the high variability of cowbird parasitism across time and space. Nest success (pairs fledging greater than or equal to 1 young) of parasitized pairs was 50.3% less than that of unparasitized pairs; parasitized pairs had fewer eggs survive to fledging (17.3 vs. 51.4%), lost more eggs (3.08 vs. 1.28) and nestlings (1.18 vs. 0.79), and reared fewer offspring (0.80 vs. 2.11) in a season compared to unparasitized pairs. Parasitized females also incurred higher costs by spending more time attending nests (2-4.5 days), building more nests (1.83 vs. 1.38), laying more eggs (4.72 vs. 4.12), and fledging young later (4 days) within a season compared to unparasitized females. Return rates and survival varied by age and sex; although there was no difference in the overall return rates or survival of parasitized vs, unparasitized females or of their young, males of parasitized pairs tended to survive longer than unparasitized males (1.29 vs. 1.01 years). Among successful pairs, the return rate of females parasitized in their initial year of capture was greater than that of unparasitized females, but survival did not differ between these groups. There were no differences in return rates and survival between parasitized and unparasitized successful males. Lifetime reproductive success of females depended on their parasitism and first-year success status; parasitized females reared significantly fewer young over their lifespans than unparasitized females (2.25 vs. 4.09 young), but there was no difference in lifetime output between these groups in years subsequent to their first breeding season (2.84 vs. 3.49 young). Whether females were successful or not, or parasitized or not, did not significantly affect reproductive success in subsequent years. Seasonal fecundity losses due to predation (0.74 young/pair) were greater than losses to parasitism (0.30 young/pair); lifetime reproductive losses displayed similar trends (predation vs, parasitism losses: 0.70 young/pair vs. 0.37 young/pair). Our results suggest that: (I) robustness of Willow Flycatcher reproductive strategies in response to cowbird parasitism is evident; (2) cowbird parasitism appears to exact the greatest toll on first-year birds; (3) similarities across parasitism and success classes for lifetime reproductive success in years subsequent to their first breeding year suggest that older Willow Flycatchers may learn improved anti-parasite strategies over time; and (4) similar return rates, survival, and lifetime reproductive success (subsequent to first-year) of parasitized vs. unparasitized pairs suggest that female cowbirds may be selecting for superior host parents. C1 Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, USGS Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Sedgwick, JA (reprint author), Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, USGS Biol Resources Div, 4512 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-06-9 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 1999 IS 18 BP 167 EP 181 PG 9 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BN33Z UT WOS:000081665400022 ER PT B AU Hahn, DC Sedgwick, JA Painter, IS Casna, NJ AF Hahn, DC Sedgwick, JA Painter, IS Casna, NJ BE Morrison, ML Hall, LS Robinson, SK Rothstein, SI Hahn, DC Rich, TD TI A spatial and genetic analysis of cowbird host selection SO RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT OF THE BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD IN WESTERN LANDSCAPES SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Research and Management of the Brown-Headed Cowbird in Western Landscapes CY OCT 23-25, 1997 CL SACRAMENTO, CA SP US Bur Land Management, USGS Biol Resources Div, Partners Flight Res Working Grp, California State Univ, Sacramento, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Fresno, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Sacramento, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, USGS Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Soc, W Sect, Cooper Ornithol Soc DE Brown-headed Cowbird; DNA fingerprinting; fecundity; GIS; home range; management; Molothrus ater; telemetry AB Molecular genetics makes it possible to measure basic but long elusive parameters of the breeding biology of the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater). We examined cowbird fecundity and host selection behavior using a combination of molecular genetic techniques to link female cowbirds to the eggs they lay, radio-telemetry techniques to track female cowbirds' daily movements, and geographic information systems (GIS) to integrate these genetic and spatial data. Our study site lay within a forested 1300-ha landscape in New York composed primarily of mature forest with adjacent old fields. We found that female cowbirds used their home ranges as principal egg-laying areas. Individual females used characteristic individual home ranges throughout the breeding season, and they returned to the same home range every breeding season. Over one-half (54%) of females laid all their eggs in host nests inside or close to their home range. Proximity to a female's home range was the only significant ecological or biological feature affecting a cowbird's host selection. Neither host species identity, nest height, adult mass, egg size, incubation period, nor host taxonomic classification predicted which nests would be parasitized. Eggs laid outside the home range were frequently found in multiply-parasitized nests located along common flyways or in conspicuous sites that a cowbird could discover opportunistically. We also found that female cowbirds avoided laying more than one egg in a particular host nest, even though multiple parasitism characterized over one-third of parasitized nests in the study. Finally, we estimated that effective cowbird fecundity lies between a minimum of 1.72 eggs per female and an upper bound of 8.16 eggs per female. Effective cowbird fecundity is defined as the actual number of cowbird eggs laid in appropriate host nests and not ejected; it is lower than raw fecundity or the physiological egg production capacity of cowbirds. We suggest that the female cowbird's use of home range is a critical element in its breeding behavior, enabling cowbirds to use a known-host selection strategy. Experienced female cowbirds selectively parasitize the host pairs that nested in their home ranges in previous breeding seasons and were most successful. The three elements of cowbird breeding behavior reported here challenge the stereotype of the Brown-headed Cowbird as an r-selected species that produces a large number of young and invests no parental care. Instead, these results suggest that cowbirds lay fewer eggs in host nests than has been speculated and that they do invest parental care. Two examples of parental care we discuss are observing a hose's parental behavior and nest success before parasitizing it, and laying each egg in a different host nest, even though that requires females to search longer and to find a larger number of host nests. Current cowbird trapping programs should be evaluated for their effect on age structure of cowbird populations and resulting parasitism patterns. Yearling females may be associated with higher rates of multiple parasitism and higher rates of parasitism on more conspicuous hosts. Conspicuous hosts such as the Black-capped (Vireo atricapillus) and Least Bell's (Vireo bellii pusillus) vireos are probably most at risk from cowbird populations with disproportionately high numbers of immigrant yearling female cowbirds such as those created by trapping programs. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Hahn, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 0 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 7 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-06-9 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 1999 IS 18 BP 204 EP 217 PG 6 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BN33Z UT WOS:000081665400026 ER PT J AU Schmitt, CJ Zajicek, JL May, TW Cowman, DF AF Schmitt, CJ Zajicek, JL May, TW Cowman, DF TI Organochlorine residues and elemental contaminants in US freshwater fish, 1976-1986: National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 162 SE REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL RESIDUES; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; FOOD-CHAIN STRUCTURE; PLATTE RIVER BASIN; UNITED-STATES; RAINBOW-TROUT; GREAT-LAKES; WATER FISH C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Texas A&M Univ, CERC, Brazos Field Stn, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Schmitt, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 160 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0179-5953 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T PY 1999 VL 162 BP 43 EP 104 PG 62 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BP48N UT WOS:000085265400002 PM 10392042 ER PT B AU Whitney, JC AF Whitney, JC GP USDA USDA USDA TI Watershed/river channel linkages: The upper Rio Grande Basin and the Middle Rio Grande bosque SO RIO GRANDE ECOSYSTEMS: LINKING LAND, WATER, AND PEOPLE: TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE MIDDLE RIO GRANDE BASIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Workshop on Rio Grande Ecosystems - Linking Land, Water, and People CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Fish & Wildlife Serv Bosque Improvement Grp ID INSTREAM FLOW REQUIREMENTS; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; PERSPECTIVE; CALIFORNIA; DYNAMICS; STREAMS AB There continues to be a great deal of interest and discussion surrounding the demands of water management and allocation and the relationship to ecological integrity of the Rio Grande riparian ecosystem. Current river management too often fails to consider the importance of natural variability of flows. What is consistently overlooked is the relationship of a stream course to its forming watershed. The standard practice of managing for one or more of a few important or imperiled species by defining how Little water can be left in the river is not adequate based upon new scientific understanding. Adaptive management approaches can be used to mange for whole river ecosystems concurrent with providing societal and cultural demands on these natural systems. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Ecol Serv Off, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. RP Whitney, JC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Ecol Serv Off, 2105 Osuna Rd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA PY 1999 BP 45 EP 51 PG 7 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BN45S UT WOS:000081958400010 ER PT B AU Paillet, FL AF Paillet, FL BE Amadei, B Kranz, RL Scott, GA Smeallie, PH TI Characterizing fracture-zone flow using numerical flow-log models SO ROCK MECHANICS FOR INDUSTRY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th US Rock Mechanics Symposium (Vail Rocks 99) CY JUN 06-09, 1999 CL VAIL, CO SP Amer Rock Mech Assoc, Amer Rock Mech Assoc Fdn ID PERMEABILITY; AQUIFER AB Water-quality monitoring and hydraulic testing in fractured bedrock aquifers involves two important tasks: 1) identifying the hydraulically active fractures intersecting the borehole; and 2) inferring how the specific entry or exit ports in the borehole wall are connected to large-scale flow paths in the region surrounding the borehole. Effective characterization of fractured bedrock flow results when hydraulically active fractures and fracture zones are first identified using flow logs, and then the hydraulic properties of these active zones are given by subsequent hydraulic tests. A more difficult technical problem is relating the hydraulic properties of the few specific fractures that serve as borehole entry ports to the large-scale hydraulic properties of the surrounding rock mass. This problem is addressed through a generalized borehole flow model inversion formulated so that the boundary conditions at the outer edge of the boundary layer can be inferred from the properties of measured borehole flow. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Paillet, FL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-052-3 PY 1999 BP 819 EP 826 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BN34G UT WOS:000081666500106 ER PT B AU Morin, RH Senior, LA Decker, ER AF Morin, RH Senior, LA Decker, ER BE Amadei, B Kranz, RL Scott, GA Smeallie, PH TI Hydrogeologic structure of the Newark Basin, Pennsylvania, from borehole geophysical logs SO ROCK MECHANICS FOR INDUSTRY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th US Rock Mechanics Symposium (Vail Rocks 99) CY JUN 06-09, 1999 CL VAIL, CO SP Amer Rock Mech Assoc, Amer Rock Mech Assoc Fdn ID PASSAIC FORMATION AB The Brunswick and the underlying Lockatong Formations are comprised of lithified Mesozoic sediments that constitute part of the Newark Basin in southeastern Pennsylvania (USA). These fractured rocks form an important regional aquifer that consists of gradational sequences of shale, siltstone, and sandstone, with fluid transport occurring primarily in fractures. An extensive suite of geophysical logs was obtained in seven wells located at the borough of Lansdale, PA in order to characterize the areal hydrogeologic system. Analyses of these data indicate that the aquifer can be separated into two distinct structural domains which may, in turn, reflect different mechanical responses to basin extension: (1) In the shallow zone above 125 m, the dominant fracture population consists of gently dipping bedding-plane partings that strike N46 degrees E and dip to the NW at about 11 degrees. Fluid flow is concentrated within the upper XO m and transmissivities rapidly diminish in magnitude with depth. (2) The zone below 125 m marks the appearance of numerous steeply dipping fractures that are orthogonal to the bedding plane features, striking subparallel at N227 degrees E but dipping sharply to the SE at 77 degrees. This secondary set of fractures is associated with a reasonably thick (approximate to 60 m) high-resistivity, low-transmissivity sandstone/siltstone unit that is abruptly terminated by a thin shale bed at a depth of 190 m. This lower contact effectively delineates the aquifer's vertical extent and the observed lack of hydraulic productivity with increasing depth may be associated with the gradational transition into the Lockatong Formation. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Morin, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-052-3 PY 1999 BP 941 EP 948 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BN34G UT WOS:000081666500121 ER PT J AU Landrum, PF Fisher, SW Hwang, H Hickey, J AF Landrum, PF Fisher, SW Hwang, H Hickey, J TI Hazard evaluation of ten organophosphorus insecticides against the midge, Chironomus riparius via QSAR SO SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE organophosphate insecticides; midges; molecular connectivity; QSAR ID SOLVATION ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS; WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENT; MOLECULAR CONNECTIVITY; SOLUBILITY PROPERTIES; BIOLOGICAL MEDIA; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; ORYZIAS-LATIPES; FISH TOXICITY; SHAPE INDEX; CHEMICALS AB Toxicities of ten organophosphorus (OP) insecticides were measured against midge larvae (Chironomus riparius) under varying temperature (11, 18, and 25 degrees C) and pH (6,7, and 8) conditions and with and without sediment. Toxicity usually increased with increasing temperature and was greater in the absence of sediment. No trend was found with varying pH. A series of unidimensional parameters and multidimensional models were used to describe the changes in toxicity. Log K-ow was able to explain about 40-60% of the variability in response data for aqueous exposures while molecular volume and aqueous solubility were less predictive. Likewise, the linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model only explained 40-70% of the response variability, suggesting that factors other than solubility were most important for producing the observed response. Molecular connectivity was the most useful for describing the variability in the response. In the absence of sediment, (1)chi(v) and (3)kappa were best able to describe the variation in response among all compounds at each pH (70-90%). In the presence of sediment, even molecular connectivity could not describe the variability until the partitioning potential to sediment was accounted for by assuming equilibrium partitioning. After correcting for partitioning, the same molecular connectivity terms as in the aqueous exposures described most of the variability, 61-87%, except for the 11 degrees C data where correlations were not significant. Molecular connectivity was a better tool than LSER or the unidimensional variables to explain the steric fitness of OP insecticides which was crucial to the toxicity. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Landrum, PF (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 10 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1062-936X J9 SAR QSAR ENVIRON RES JI SAR QSAR Environ. Res. PY 1999 VL 10 IS 5 BP 423 EP 450 DI 10.1080/10629369908039110 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology GA 269HG UT WOS:000084470200002 ER PT B AU Wendt, GA Lanfear, KJ AF Wendt, GA Lanfear, KJ BE Kendy, E TI Getting it off the loading dock: How the US Geological Survey is putting scientific information into the hands of users SO SCIENCE INTO POLICY: WATER IN THE PUBLIC REALM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual AWRA Summer Specialty Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1999 CL BOZEMAN, MT SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Bio West Inc, Montana St Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dover Habitat Restorat, LLC, Drake Engn Inc, Inter Fluve Inc, Lewis & Clark County Water Quality Protect Dist, Montana Comm Humanities, Montana Cultural Trust, Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Montana Dept Agr, Montana St Univ, Montana Water Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Water Management Bur C1 US Geol Survey, Off Informat, World Wide Web Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Wendt, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Informat, World Wide Web Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 439, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA BN 1-882132-46-7 PY 1999 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BP21P UT WOS:000084418600027 ER PT B AU Graffy, EA AF Graffy, EA BE Kendy, E TI Enhancing policy-relevance without burning up or burning out: A strategy for scientists SO SCIENCE INTO POLICY: WATER IN THE PUBLIC REALM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual AWRA Summer Specialty Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1999 CL BOZEMAN, MT SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Bio West Inc, Montana St Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dover Habitat Restorat, LLC, Drake Engn Inc, Inter Fluve Inc, Lewis & Clark County Water Quality Protect Dist, Montana Comm Humanities, Montana Cultural Trust, Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Montana Dept Agr, Montana St Univ, Montana Water Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Water Management Bur DE policy-relevance; water quality; science communication AB The pragmatism of using science to forge policy appeals to both scientists and policymakers, yet numerous challenges to the implementation of this idea remain unresolved. For scientists, in particular, the science-policy interaction may be especially stressful and confusing when contentious Policy issues arise. The experience of the USGS National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program suggests the advantage of approaching policy strategically, in terms of five major stages of the policy process as a way of embracing a range of issues from the commonplace to the emergent. These stages include: 1) Raising issues, 2) Framing issues, 3) Focusing policy priorities, 4) Crafting and passing legislation, and 5) Implementing policy goals through regulations and programs. In particular, assessment of the function of scientific information at each stage of this process enables scientists to remain responsive and credible without burning up or burning out even in the face of "hot" issues. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Graffy, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA BN 1-882132-46-7 PY 1999 BP 293 EP 298 PG 6 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BP21P UT WOS:000084418600052 ER PT J AU Groat, CG AF Groat, CG TI USGS: The year of the ocean & beyond SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20240 USA. RP Groat, CG (reprint author), US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20240 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 40 IS 1 BP 28 EP 29 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 164GT UT WOS:000078455400009 ER PT J AU Davidson, M Krimm, R Williams, SJ Chesnutt, C Ward, S AF Davidson, M Krimm, R Williams, SJ Chesnutt, C Ward, S TI Managing the impacts of coastal hazards SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Davidson, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 40 IS 1 BP 65 EP 68 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 164GT UT WOS:000078455400023 ER PT J AU Franson, JC Smith, MR AF Franson, JC Smith, MR TI Poisoning of wild birds from exposure to anticholinesterase compounds and lead: Diagnostic methods and selected cases SO SEMINARS IN AVIAN AND EXOTIC PET MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE birds; poisoning; lead; carbamate; organophosphorus compound ID ORGANO-PHOSPHORUS; CARBAMATE PESTICIDES; SPECTACLED EIDERS; TOXICOSIS; ALASKA; HAWKS AB Organophosphorus and carbamate compounds have largely replaced chlorinated hydrocarbons for pesticidal use in the United States, and many cases of poisoning resulting from exposure to these anticholinesterase agents have occurred in free-living birds. Although lead shot has been prohibited for waterfowl hunting throughout the United States since 1991, lead poisoning from the ingestion of spent lead shot is still occasionally seen in wild birds, and lead poisoning from the ingestion of fishing sinkers is an emerging issue of concern. A thorough history, a complete necropsy evaluation, and appropriate laboratory analysis of tissues are required to diagnose toxicoses in wild birds, including those caused by anticholinesterase compounds and lead. The interpretation of brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity results depends on the methods of analysis and comparison with expected normal enzyme activities in brain tissue from the same species. Although lead residues in tissues vary among species, many lead poisoned birds have tissue residues that are much higher than the lower threshold commonly accepted for a diagnosis of lead poisoning. We review histories, necropsy findings, and analytical methodologies and results for selected anticholinesterase and lead poisoning cases diagnosed in wild raptors, waterfowl, and loons. Copyright (C) 1999 by W. B. Saunders Company. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Franson, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. NR 48 TC 24 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1055-937X J9 SEMIN AVIAN EXOT PET JI Semin. Avian Exot. Pet Med. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 8 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1016/S1055-937X(99)80030-9 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 166RG UT WOS:000078590500002 ER PT S AU Kieffer, HH Anderson, JM Becker, KJ AF Kieffer, HH Anderson, JM Becker, KJ BE Fujisada, H Lurie, JB TI Radiometric calibration of spacecraft using small lunar images SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites III CY SEP 20-23, 1999 CL FLORENCE, ITALY SP Univ Florence, Dept Earth Sci, European Opt Soc, SPIE, CNR, NASA, Italian Soc Opt & Photon, Italian Space Agcy DE moon; calibration; spacecraft AB The Moon is the only object that is accessible to Earth-orbiting imaging systems, whose brightness is within the dynamic range of most such systems, and whose spectral radiance is potentially knowable to a fraction of a percent. As such, it is a desirable target for radiometric calibration. Several spacecraft teams have begun using or are planning to use lunar observations as part of their calibration process. We examine the data reduction steps that can be used to extract the lunar irradiance from low resolution images of the Moon and quantitatively assess the attendant uncertainties. Images of the Moon provide a precise measure of scattered-light sensitivity. The response integrated over an image is compared to a lunar irradiance model being developed from terrestrial multi-band photometric observations over the 350-2500 nm range. For SeaWiFS images, wherein the Moon is about 6 by 20 pixels,the uncertainty in extracting the total lunar signal from the image is about 1% for most bands. A significant source of uncertainty is knowledge of the spacecraft inertial pitch rate, which is currently derived from image analysis. The very low noise in some of the detectors limits knowledge of the zero radiance level to 1/2 of a Data Number. A program is underway to accurately determine at several wavelengths the brightness variations of the Moon associated with Sun-Moon-observer geometry. Comparisons with Earth-based lunar radiometric observations for relative responsivity (changes of spacecraft instrument gain with time) are consistent to about 1/2 the formal uncertainty. At present, the largest errors in using these data for absolute radiometric calibration are in the lunar radiance model. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Kieffer, HH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3465-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3870 BP 193 EP 205 DI 10.1117/12.373187 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP56D UT WOS:000085492800020 ER PT S AU McClelland, DE Foltz, RB Falter, CM Wilson, WD Cundy, T Schuster, RL Saurbier, J Rabe, C Heinemann, R AF McClelland, DE Foltz, RB Falter, CM Wilson, WD Cundy, T Schuster, RL Saurbier, J Rabe, C Heinemann, R GP NRC TI Relative effects on a low-volume road system of landslides resulting from episodic storms in northern Idaho SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS 1999, VOL 2: PLANNING, ADMINISTRATION, AND ENVIRONMENT; DESIGN; MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE; OPERATIONS AND SAFETY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads CY MAY 23-26, 1999 CL BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA SP Transportat Res Board AB In late November to early December 1995 and February 1996, northern Idaho was hit by heavy rains on a deep snowpack, resulting in two flood and landslide events of historic magnitude. Each of these storms was larger than the previous significant storm, which occurred in January 1974. A study was initiated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service to survey and study the effects of the resultant landslides on the Clearwater National Forest, including the effects on the aquatic ecosystem. The results of this study were compared with the estimated average natural sediment resulting from landslides to evaluate the incremental impacts of these recent episodic landslides. They were also compared with the results of a study conducted on the landslides resulting from the January 1974 storm to determine if the landscape was responding more severely to large storms as a result of Forest Service management activities over the past 21 years. The general results of this study indicate that, of the Forest Service management activities, roads are the major contributor; however, they contribute less sediment than natural landslides. The total resultant sediment appears to be within the transport capacity of the aquatic system and the landslide response in 1974 was similar to the 1995-1996 response. The results of the aquatic ecosystem study were generally mixed, with some habitat parameters indicating degradation, some unchanged, and some improved as a result of the flooding or flooding with landslide sediment. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Potlach Corp, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Orofino, ID 83544 USA. RP McClelland, DE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, POB 7669, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06524-0 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 1999 IS 1652 BP 235 EP 243 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BN49E UT WOS:000082031400029 ER PT B AU Gesch, DB AF Gesch, DB BE Lowell, K Jaton, A TI The effects of DEM generalization methods on derived hydrologic features SO SPATIAL ACCURACY ASSESSMENT: LAND INFORMATION UNCERTAINTY IN NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences CY MAY 20-22, 1998 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, GIS Div, Amer Stat Assoc, Biometr Soc, Canadian Inst Geomat, Ecol Soc Amer, Sect Stat Ecol, Geomat Ind Assoc Canada, Interface Fdn N Amer, Int Union Forestry Res Org 4 01, Mensurat, Growth & Yield, Int Union Forestry Res Org 4 02, Forest Resource Inventory, Int Union Forestry Res Org 4 11, Stat Methods, Int Union Forestry Res Org 4 12, Remote Sensing, GIS, Natl Ctr Geograph Informat & Anal, Soc Amer Foresters, Int Assoc Ecol ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; INFORMATION-SYSTEM; RESOLUTION; TOPOGRAPHY C1 US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Raytheon STX Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gesch, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Raytheon STX Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ANN ARBOR PRESS, INC PI CHELSEA PA 310 NORTH MAIN STREET, CHELSEA, MI 48118 USA BN 1-57504-119-7 PY 1999 BP 255 EP 262 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Statistics & Probability SC Physical Geography; Mathematics GA BQ38U UT WOS:000088225800031 ER PT B AU Celebi, M AF Celebi, M BE Chang, FK TI GPS in dynamic monitoring of long-period structures SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONTORING 2000 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 08-10, 1999 CL STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, USA Res Off, Fed Highway Adm, Natl Sci Fdn HO STANFORD UNIV AB Global Positioning System (GPS) technology with high sampling rates (similar to 10 sps) allows scientifically justified and economically feasible dynamic measurements of relative displacements of long-period structures --- otherwise difficult to measure directly by other means, such as the most commonly used accelerometers that require post-processing including double integration. We describe an experiment whereby the displacement responses of a simulated tall building are measured clearly and accurately in real-time. Such measurements can be used to assess average drift ratios and changes in dynamic characteristics, and therefore can be used by engineers and building owners or managers to assess the building performance during extreme motions caused by earthquakes and strong winds. By establishing threshold displacements or drift ratios and identifying changing dynamic characteristics, procedures can be developed to use such information to secure public safety and/or take steps to improve the performance of the building. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Celebi, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-881-0 PY 1999 BP 337 EP 345 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BP03P UT WOS:000083947300033 ER PT S AU Nelson, CM AF Nelson, CM BE Carter, EC TI Toward a reliable geologic map of the United States, 1803-1893 SO SURVEYING THE RECORD: NORTH AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC EXPLORING TO 1930 SE MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Surveying the Record - North American Scientific Exploration to 1900 CY MAR 14, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Lib Amer Philosoph Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Hist Project, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHILOSOPHICAL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE, PO BOX 40227-5227, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0065-9738 BN 0-87169-231-7 J9 MEM A PHILO PY 1999 VL 231 BP 51 EP 74 PG 24 WC History SC History GA BN62F UT WOS:000082366100004 ER PT B AU Campbell, DL Horton, RJ Bisdorf, RJ Fey, DL Powers, MH Fitterman, DV AF Campbell, DL Horton, RJ Bisdorf, RJ Fey, DL Powers, MH Fitterman, DV GP CSU CSU TI Some geophysical methods for tailings/mine waste work SO TAILINGS AND MINE WASTE '99 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tailing and Mine Waste 99 CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, CO HO COLORADO STATE UNIV AB The geophysical methods of most help for addressing typical mine tailings and mine waste problems are generally geoelectric;tl in nature. These methods mainly measure the electrical conductivity of the ground, a property that reflects lithology, porewater saturation, and porewater chemistry. For dumps that are fairly uniform and somewhat moist, and as long as the pH of the porewater is 5 or less, conductivity can be a good indicator of acid generating potential. Induced polarization (IP) measurements have been especially useful in distinguishing mineralogy in mine dumps; in particular, they can help outline concentrations of sulfide minerals therein. Besides helping find concentrations of acid-generating materials inside mine dumps, geoelectrical methods also can help locate plumes of acidic/high TDS groundwater outside the dumps. For tracing plumes, electromagnetic (EM) techniques are often adequate and more cost effective than other methods. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) methods give the most resolution where the ground is resistive enough to allow wave propagation, but they often fail at sites in the West where evaporation processes have concentrated salts near the surface of the mine dump or tailings deposit. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Campbell, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-025-6 PY 1999 BP 35 EP 43 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BM25V UT WOS:000078186900005 ER PT B AU Vaughn, RB Horton, RJ Stanton, MR Fey, D Sutley, S Theodorakos, P AF Vaughn, RB Horton, RJ Stanton, MR Fey, D Sutley, S Theodorakos, P GP CSU CSU TI Antfarms: Mine dump simulation studies in the laboratory SO TAILINGS AND MINE WASTE '99 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tailing and Mine Waste 99 CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, CO HO COLORADO STATE UNIV AB The simulator systems ("Antfarms") we have been developing are an attempt to build practical analogs of mine dumps that can be monitored over more realistic sampling intervals and multiple wet/evaporate/dry (WED) cycles in or near a home laboratory. The simulators are plumbed and instrumented for detailed geochemical, geophysical, and microbiological data collection; and are sized and shaped to address some limitations of standard laboratory apparatus and protocols. Design and materials details are given along with preliminary data from the first year of a prototype experiment on baseline geochemistry and geophysics using dump material from a quartz/base-metal vein mine. The prototype tank has been taken through two WED cycles from August 1997 to August 1998 and is showing some geochemical and mineralogical parallels with the parent mine dump. Low pH effluent with high total disserved solids (TDS) is produced within 30 minutes of addition of deionized (DI) water, and evolution of Fe2+, Fe3+, and dissolved oxygen (DO) suggest interesting chemistry and perhaps microbiology occur within the simulator. Preliminary interpretation of geophysical data collected during WED cycles suggest that self-potential (SP) anomalies are associated with oxidation-reduction reactions occurring near the boundary between the saturated and unsaturated zones. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Vaughn, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-025-6 PY 1999 BP 465 EP 474 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BM25V UT WOS:000078186900049 ER PT B AU Vaughn, RB Stanton, MR Horton, RJ AF Vaughn, RB Stanton, MR Horton, RJ GP CSU CSU TI A year in the life of a mine dump: A diachronic case study SO TAILINGS AND MINE WASTE '99 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tailing and Mine Waste 99 CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, CO HO COLORADO STATE UNIV AB Studies of the geochemistry, geophysics, and local climate of a mine dump were initiated in July 1997 and continue at the time of this writing (September 1998). The dump is located at 3660 m. on semi-arid alpine tundra to the east of Leadville, Colorado. The site is of particular interest because of the presence of a large iron-stained area devoid of vegetation (kill-zone) running down slope from the base of the pile. The site has four instrumented wells with thermistors for ground temperature profiles. Detailed micro-climate observations and temperature profiles at well sites have been kept for over a year, at weekly to monthly sampling intervals. Preliminary data and observations suggest acid runoff occurs only during a brief period in late spring during normal weather years, causing the kill-zone; and acidity and total disserved solids (TDS) content of runoff waters is much reduced within a few hundred meters down slope of the mine dump pile. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Vaughn, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-025-6 PY 1999 BP 475 EP 484 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BM25V UT WOS:000078186900050 ER PT B AU Leinz, RW Sutley, SJ Briggs, PH AF Leinz, RW Sutley, SJ Briggs, PH GP CSU CSU TI The use of sequential extractions for the chemical speciation of mine wastes SO TAILINGS AND MINE WASTE '99 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tailing and Mine Waste 99 CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, CO HO COLORADO STATE UNIV ID GEOCHEMICAL-EXPLORATION AB Sequential extractions are applied to the chemical speciation of samples of mine waste composited from waste piles at two inactive mine sites. The results show that metals are more favorably partitioned into the sulfide phase in one composite and into the crystalline Fe-oxide phase of the other composite. Normalizing the results of the extractions of five individual size-fractions by the weight percent of the fraction in the composite, shows that the distribution of metals in the extracted phases is independent of particle size, but the amount of each phase present in the fraction may vary. Differences between total extractable metals determined by total digestion of a separate split of the composites and by summation of the results of the extractions is attributed to pulverizing the sample. Dissolution of jarosite, important because of its common association with pyritic mine wastes, in the sequential extraction steps is still uncertain but will determined in the near future. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Leinz, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-025-6 PY 1999 BP 555 EP 561 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BM25V UT WOS:000078186900059 ER PT B AU Parnow, CC Goldfarb, RJ Kelley, KD Meier, AL York, G AF Parnow, CC Goldfarb, RJ Kelley, KD Meier, AL York, G GP CSU CSU TI Trace element dispersion from tin deposits of the western Seward Peninsula, Alaska SO TAILINGS AND MINE WASTE '99 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tailing and Mine Waste 99 CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, CO HO COLORADO STATE UNIV AB A study of the dispersion patterns of trace elements (As, Be, Cu, Li, Ph. Sn, W, and Zn) typically enriched in tin deposits and occurrences in the western Seward Peninsula indicates significant downstream accumulation of arsenic in stream sediments, whereas surface waters consistently contain low concentrations of all dissolved trace elements. Sediments collected in the headwaters of streams draining the slate-hosted Potato Mountain tin occurrences contained as much as 530 ppm As and levels remained as high as 78 ppm as far as 7 lan downstream. Samples collected directly below the Lost River mine, hosted in carbonate rocks, contained as much as 1400 ppm As in stream sediments, with concentrations as high as 260 ppm As characterizing stream sediments 8 km downstream at the mouth of Lost River. None of the surface waters collected from either area contained more than 9 ppb As and pH's were consistently near neutral even directly below mine tailings. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Parnow, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-025-6 PY 1999 BP 617 EP 626 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BM25V UT WOS:000078186900066 ER PT B AU Smith, KS Lamothe, PJ Meier, AL Walton-Day, K Ranville, JF AF Smith, KS Lamothe, PJ Meier, AL Walton-Day, K Ranville, JF GP CSU CSU TI Metal leaching through a fluvial tailings deposit along the upper Arkansas River, Colorado SO TAILINGS AND MINE WASTE '99 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tailing and Mine Waste 99 CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, CO HO COLORADO STATE UNIV ID USA AB Fluvial deposits of mine tailings occur along the upper Arkansas River south of Leadville, Colorado, as a result of historical mining activities. We excavated an intact 8-inch diameter core from a small fluvial tailings deposit (approximately 0.1 km(2)) located about 13 km downstream from Leadville. To simulate leaching of metals from the fluvial tailings deposit to shallow ground water, we performed column-leaching experiments and examined the amount of metals leaching from the core. We applied deionized water to the top of the core and collected leachates from ports at the base of the core. Unsaturated, partially saturated, and fully saturated conditions were simulated. Leachates were analyzed for pH, metal concentrations, and specific conductance. For approximately the first 100 hours of unsaturated flow through the core (12 L of deionized water), conductivity and metal concentrations rose steadily and pH fell to values below 3. Metal concentrations peaked at about 170 mg/L Zn, 110 mg/L Al, 35 mg/L Fe, 8.7 mg/L Mn, 4.0 mg/L Cd, 1.9 mg/L Cu, and 0.1 mg/L Pb. The results demonstrate that Large amounts of acidity and metals can be readily leached from these fluvial tailings deposits. The pH remained fairly stable under partially and fully saturated conditions, and Zn, Al, Mn, Cd, and Cu concentrations declined. Iron concentrations showed a slight increase during the partially and fully saturated conditions. Lead exhibited unique behavior throughout the leaching experiment and spiked when partially and fully saturated conditions were achieved. This behavior indicates that there is a readily available reservoir of Pb throughout the core. In light of these data, flooding of the fluvial tailings deposits along the upper Arkansas River may result in increased Pb concentrations locally in the shallow ground water. However, since Pb is fairly immobile in iron-rich systems at pH > 4, this situation probably does not represent a threat to the Arkansas River. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Smith, KS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Ranville, James/H-1428-2011 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-025-6 PY 1999 BP 627 EP 632 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BM25V UT WOS:000078186900067 ER PT B AU Leib, KJ Wright, WG Mast, MA AF Leib, KJ Wright, WG Mast, MA GP CSU CSU TI Using flood-analysis techniques to estimate dissolved-zinc concentrations SO TAILINGS AND MINE WASTE '99 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tailing and Mine Waste 99 CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, CO HO COLORADO STATE UNIV AB Recurrence, probability, and duration of disserved-zinc concentrations are needed to describe fish exposure to different zinc-concentration ranges and flow regimes in the mining-impacted dyers of the Upper Animas Watershed. The recurrence interval (in days), probability (in percent), and duration (in days) of dissolved-zinc concentrations for the Animas River downstream from Silverton, Colorado, were estimated using frequency analysis techniques. Samples collected during water year 1997 were used to develop a correlation between dissolved-zinc concentrations and streamflow by using high-flow and low-flow regression models. A log-Pearson type III distribution was fitted to the estimated dissolved zinc data to estimate recurrence intervals and exceedance probabilities for concentrations that range from 200 to 800 mu g/L (micrograms per liter). Durations for dissolved-zinc concentrations were estimated using the duration-curve method in conjunction with the high-flow and low-flow models. Recurrence intervals for dissolved zinc ranged from 1.1 days for concentrations of 200 mu g/L to about 8 days for concentrations of 800 mu g/L. Daily exceedance probabilities for dissolved zinc ranged from 13 percent for 800 mu g/L to 95 percent for 200 mu g/L. For dissolved-zinc durations, 200 mu g/L was equaled or exceeded 365 days per year, and 800 mu g/L was equaled or exceeded 37 days per year. C1 US Geol Survey, Durango, CO 81301 USA. RP Leib, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Durango, CO 81301 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-025-6 PY 1999 BP 633 EP 638 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BM25V UT WOS:000078186900068 ER PT B AU Wright, WG Nordstrom, DK AF Wright, WG Nordstrom, DK GP CSU CSU TI Oxygen isotopes of dissolved sulfate as a tool to distinguish natural and mining-related dissolved constituents SO TAILINGS AND MINE WASTE '99 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tailing and Mine Waste 99 CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, CO HO COLORADO STATE UNIV ID PYRITE; OXIDATION AB Natural and mining-related dissolved-constituent concentrations need to be distinguished in a watershed affected by abandoned mines to prioritize subbasins for remediation and to assist with the establishment of water-quality standards. The oxygen isotopes of dissolved sulfate can be used to distinguish between natural and mining-related sources of dissolved constituents. Several methods employing the oxygen isotopes of dissolved sulfate can be used to determine the relative amounts of natural and mining-related dissolved constituents in water: (I) the isotope-dilution equation for simple mixing zones (two sources and one receiving stream); (2) the isotope mass-balance equation for streams receiving dissolved sulfate from multiple geologic sources; and (3) graphical relations and the mathematical solution of simultaneous equations in a watershed approach. Using the different methods for data collected during low now, about 71 to 75 percent of the dissolved-constituent concentrations are from natural sources in selected subbasins of the Upper Animas Watershed. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Durango, CO 81301 USA. RP Wright, WG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Durango, CO 81301 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-025-6 PY 1999 BP 671 EP 678 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BM25V UT WOS:000078186900072 ER PT J AU Vyas, NB AF Vyas, NB TI Factors influencing estimation of pesticide-related wildlife mortality SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE confirmation; detection; hazard assessment; mortality; pesticides; reporting; wildlife ID ORGANO-PHOSPHATE PESTICIDE; METHYL PARATHION; COLINUS-VIRGINIANUS; SONGBIRD CARCASSES; NORTHERN BOBWHITES; STARLINGS; BIRDS; SURVIVAL; FOREST; DISAPPEARANCE AB Free-ranging wildlife is regularly exposed to pesticides and can serve as a sentinel for human and environmental health. Therefore a comprehensive pesticide hazard assessment must incorporate the effects of actual applications on free-ranging wildlife. Mortality is the most readily reported wildlife effect, and the significance of these data can be realized only when placed in context with the factors that affect the gathering of this type of information. This paper reviews the variables that affect the collection of wildlife mortality data. Data show that most effects on wildlife are not observed, and much of observed mortality is not reported. Delays in reporting or in the response to a report and exposure to multiple stressors distort the exposure-effect relationship and can result in uncertainty in determining the cause of death. The synthesis of information strongly indicates that the actual number of affected animals exceeds the number recovered. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Vyas, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JAN-MAR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1191/074823399678846628 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 295BF UT WOS:000085945500016 PM 10188201 ER PT J AU Krueger, CC Wilmot, RL Everett, RJ AF Krueger, CC Wilmot, RL Everett, RJ TI Stock origins of Dolly Varden collected from Beaufort Sea coastal sites of Arctic Alaska and Canada SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WATERS; FISH AB Anadromous northern Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma support a summer subsistence fishery in Beaufort Sea coastal waters. These same waters coincide with areas of oil and gas exploration and development. The purpose of this study was to assess variation in stock origins of Dolly Varden collected from sites along 400 km of Beaufort Sea coast. Mixed-stock analyses (MSA) of allozyme data were used to compare collections from four sites (Endicott near Prudhoe Bay, Mikkelsen Bay, and Kaktovik in Alaska and Phillips Bay in Canada) and to assess variation in stock contributions among summer months and between 1987 and 1988. The MSA estimates for individual stocks were summed into estimates for three stock groups: western stocks from the area near Sagavarnirktok River and Prudhoe Bay (SAG), Arctic National Wildlife Refuge stocks (Arctic Refuge), and Canadian stocks. The MSA of Endicott samples taken in 1987 and 1988 did not differ among months in terms of contributions from local SAG stocks (range, 71-95%). Contributions from nonlocal (>100 km distant) Canadian and Arctic Refuge stocks were not different from zero in 1987, but contributions from Canadian stocks were so in July (17%) and August (20%) but not in September of 1988. Thus, stock contributions to Endicott collections were different between 1987 and 1988. Samples from the Kaktovik area in 1988 were different between months in terms of contributions from nonlocal SAG stocks (July, 7%; August, 27%). Significant contributions to these samples were made both months by Canadian (25% and 17%) and local Arctic Refuge stocks (68% and 56%). Among the four coastal sites, local stocks typically contributed most to collections; however, every site had collections that contained significant contributions from nonlocal stocks. The MSA estimates clearly revealed the movement of Dolly Varden between U.S. and Canada coastal waters. If local stocks are affected by oil and gas development activities, distant subsistence fisheries along the coast could also be affected. C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Nat Resources, Coldwater Fishery Res Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Krueger, CC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Nat Resources, Coldwater Fishery Res Program, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 128 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0049:SOODVC>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 197UY UT WOS:000080385100004 ER PT J AU Goldstein, JN Woodward, DF Farag, AM AF Goldstein, JN Woodward, DF Farag, AM TI Movements of adult Chinook salmon during spawning migration in a metals-contaminated system, Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT AVOIDANCE; RAINBOW-TROUT; MINING WASTE; BROWN TROUT; COPPER; BEHAVIOR; FISH AB Spawning migration of adult male chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha was monitored by radio telemetry to determine their response to the presence of metals contamination in the South Fork of the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho. The North Fork of the Coeur d'Alene River is relatively free of metals contamination and was used as a control. In all, 45 chinook salmon were transported from their natal stream, Wolf Lodge Creek, tagged with radio transmitters, and released in the Coeur d'Alene River 2 km downstream of the confluence of the South Fork and the North Fork of the Coeur d'Alene River. Fixed telemetry receivers were used to monitor the upstream movement of the tagged chinook salmon through the confluence area for 3 weeks after release. During this period, general water quality and metals concentrations were monitored in the study area. Of the 23 chinook salmon observed to move upstream from the release site and through the confluence area, the majority (16 fish, 70%) moved up the North Fork, and only 7 fish (30%) moved up the South Fork, where greater metals concentrations were observed. Our results agree with laboratory findings and suggest that natural fish populations will void tributaries with high metals contamination. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson Field Stn, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. RP Goldstein, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson Field Stn, POB 1089, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 128 IS 1 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0121:MOACSD>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 197UY UT WOS:000080385100008 ER PT J AU Zehfuss, KP Hightower, JE Pollock, KH AF Zehfuss, KP Hightower, JE Pollock, KH TI Abundance of Gulf sturgeon in the Apalachicola River, Florida SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; RECAPTURE; BIAS AB Gulf sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, a subspecies of Atlantic sturgeon A. oxyrinchus, were once abundant in coastal rivers of the eastern Gulf of Mexico but have declined substantially due to habitat loss and overexploitation. Because relatively little is known about their population status in the Apalachicola River, Florida, we used capture-recapture data collected during 1982-1991 to assess the population of Gulf sturgeon at the Jim Woodruff Lock and Dam, which limits upstream migration. Wt, estimated that about 100 fish greater than 45 cm total length were present below the dam, although the estimates were biased to an unknown degree because of violations of capture-recapture model assumptions. To obtain a less biased estimate, we conducted an intensive 10-week capture-recapture experiment in 1993 that accounted for most of the assumption violations. We also used radiotelemetry to test the assumption that the population remained closed to immigration and emigration during sampling. The 1993 results also indicated a population of about 100 Gulf sturgeon below the dam; however, movement in and out of the sampling area occurred, so the population at the dam was not closed. Using simulation, we found that Jolly-Seber and Schnabel capture-recapture models were generally unbiased when fish had a high probability of returning to the study area after temporary emigration. However when fish had a low probability of returning to the study area after temporary emigration, substantial bias occurred in both models. Length composition data from 1982 to 1991 and for 1993 suggested that low recruitment may account for the failure of the population to rebuild. We recommend identifying all areas of concentration of Gulf sturgeon in the Apalachicola River and developing a standardized sampling program for monitoring this threatened species. C1 N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div,Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hightower, JE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div,Dept Zool, Box 7614, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jhightower@ncsu.edu NR 33 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 128 IS 1 BP 130 EP 143 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0130:AOGSIT>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 197UY UT WOS:000080385100009 ER PT J AU Toepfer, CS Fisher, WL Haubelt, JA AF Toepfer, CS Fisher, WL Haubelt, JA TI Swimming performance of the threatened leopard darter in relation to road culverts SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PERCINA-PANTHERINA; FISHES; RIVER; OKLAHOMA; HABITAT AB We investigated the relationship between swimming performance of the leopard darter Percina pantherina evaluated in the laboratory and current velocities measured at the ends of corrugated-pipe and open-box culverts through road crossings. We tested leopard darters at each of six current velocities ranging from 0 to 60 cm/s and measured burst frequency and distance. We used analysis of variance (ANOVA) to analyze burst frequency and total distance covered during a 10-min period and found that at a current velocity of 25 cm/s, fish swam more frequently and for greater total distances than at higher or lower velocities. When a nested ANOVA was used to remove variation due to individual fish, we found that distances of individual bursts also differed significantly and that fish in intermediate velocities had longer bursts. Current velocities in box and pipe culverts tended to be higher than the velocities measured in the lab, and several crossings had structural barriers, in addition to high current velocities. Although there is no evidence that culverts act as long-term barriers to migration or dispersal of leopard darters, they may prevent migratory activity during certain years, thereby negatively affecting localized populations. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Toepfer, CS (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 128 IS 1 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0155:SPOTTL>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 197UY UT WOS:000080385100011 ER PT S AU Horsch, CM AF Horsch, CM BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI An effective alternative to classroom course delivery SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-FOURTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th North-American-Wildlife-and-Natural-Resource Conference on Natural Resource Management Perceptions and Realities CY MAR 26-30, 1999 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP N Amer Wildlife & Nat Resource, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bur Reclamat, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US EPA, Bur Land Management, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, USDA, Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Corp, Sea World, Busch Gardens, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Inst Legislat Action, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc, Sebastiani Vineyards Inc, Izaak Walton League Amer, Conservat Fund, Amer Fisheries Soc, Boone & Crockett Fdn C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Horsch, CM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1999 BP 338 EP 339 PG 2 WC Biology; Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BN77G UT WOS:000082880600028 ER PT S AU Georgen, RM Gividen, JR AF Georgen, RM Gividen, JR BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI Distance learning at the US Fish and Wildlife Service National Conservation Training Center SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-FOURTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th North-American-Wildlife-and-Natural-Resource Conference on Natural Resource Management Perceptions and Realities CY MAR 26-30, 1999 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP N Amer Wildlife & Nat Resource, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bur Reclamat, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US EPA, Bur Land Management, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, USDA, Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Corp, Sea World, Busch Gardens, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Inst Legislat Action, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc, Sebastiani Vineyards Inc, Izaak Walton League Amer, Conservat Fund, Amer Fisheries Soc, Boone & Crockett Fdn C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Georgen, RM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1999 BP 340 EP 345 PG 6 WC Biology; Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BN77G UT WOS:000082880600029 ER PT S AU Kinser, G AF Kinser, G BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI Partnering in fisheries and wildlife distance education - Closing remarks SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-FOURTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th North-American-Wildlife-and-Natural-Resource Conference on Natural Resource Management Perceptions and Realities CY MAR 26-30, 1999 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP N Amer Wildlife & Nat Resource, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bur Reclamat, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US EPA, Bur Land Management, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, USDA, Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Corp, Sea World, Busch Gardens, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Inst Legislat Action, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc, Sebastiani Vineyards Inc, Izaak Walton League Amer, Conservat Fund, Amer Fisheries Soc, Boone & Crockett Fdn C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Kinser, G (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1999 BP 393 EP 393 PG 1 WC Biology; Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BN77G UT WOS:000082880600035 ER PT S AU Armstrong, F AF Armstrong, F BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI Fish and wildlife conservation agreements in Alaska SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-FOURTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th North-American-Wildlife-and-Natural-Resource Conference on Natural Resource Management Perceptions and Realities CY MAR 26-30, 1999 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP N Amer Wildlife & Nat Resource, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bur Reclamat, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US EPA, Bur Land Management, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, USDA, Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Corp, Sea World, Busch Gardens, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Inst Legislat Action, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc, Sebastiani Vineyards Inc, Izaak Walton League Amer, Conservat Fund, Amer Fisheries Soc, Boone & Crockett Fdn C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Armstrong, F (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1999 BP 420 EP 434 PG 15 WC Biology; Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BN77G UT WOS:000082880600039 ER PT S AU Antonio, JE AF Antonio, JE BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI Wildlife resource management on Indian lands in the southwest: The past, present and future SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-FOURTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th North-American-Wildlife-and-Natural-Resource Conference on Natural Resource Management Perceptions and Realities CY MAR 26-30, 1999 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP N Amer Wildlife & Nat Resource, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bur Reclamat, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US EPA, Bur Land Management, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, USDA, Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Corp, Sea World, Busch Gardens, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Inst Legislat Action, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc, Sebastiani Vineyards Inc, Izaak Walton League Amer, Conservat Fund, Amer Fisheries Soc, Boone & Crockett Fdn C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Antonio, JE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1999 BP 451 EP 457 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BN77G UT WOS:000082880600041 ER PT S AU Guynn, DE Angus-Guynn, S AF Guynn, DE Angus-Guynn, S BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI Leadership development in the fish and wildlife profession SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-FOURTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th North-American-Wildlife-and-Natural-Resource Conference on Natural Resource Management Perceptions and Realities CY MAR 26-30, 1999 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP N Amer Wildlife & Nat Resource, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bur Reclamat, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US EPA, Bur Land Management, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, USDA, Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Corp, Sea World, Busch Gardens, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Inst Legislat Action, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc, Sebastiani Vineyards Inc, Izaak Walton League Amer, Conservat Fund, Amer Fisheries Soc, Boone & Crockett Fdn C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Guynn, DE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1999 BP 538 EP 548 PG 11 WC Biology; Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BN77G UT WOS:000082880600049 ER PT S AU Wershaw, RL Leenheer, JA Kennedy, KR AF Wershaw, RL Leenheer, JA Kennedy, KR BE Ghabbour, EA Davies, G TI Use of C-13 NMR and FTIR for elucidation of degradation pathways during senescence and litter decomposition of aspen leaves SO UNDERSTANDING HUMIC SUBSTANCES: ADVANCED METHODS, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Humic Substances Seminar CY MAR 22-23, 1999 CL NORTHEASTERN UNIV, BOSTON, MA SP Archtec Inc HO NORTHEASTERN UNIV ID RESORPTION C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wershaw, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-799-9 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 1999 IS 247 BP 19 EP 30 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Organic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BP59U UT WOS:000085615800004 ER PT B AU Glynn, PD Voss, CI Provost, AM AF Glynn, PD Voss, CI Provost, AM GP OECD OECD TI Deep penetration of oxygenated meltwaters from warm based ice-sheets into the fennoscandian shield SO USE OF HYDROGEOCHEMICAL INFORMATION IN TESTING GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELS SE RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Use of Hydrogeochemical Information in Testing Groundwater Flow Models CY SEP 01-03, 1997 CL SWEDISH NUCL FUEL & WASTE MANAGEMENT CO, BORGHOLM, SWEDEN SP Nucl Energy Agcy, Grp Site Evaluat & Design Experiments Radioact Waste Disposal HO SWEDISH NUCL FUEL & WASTE MANAGEMENT CO ID GLACIAL MELT WATERS; SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; SOLUTE ACQUISITION; MASS-TRANSPORT; GROUNDWATER; DISSOLUTION; 25-DEGREES-C; KINETICS; MODEL AB The presence of high concentrations of dissolved oxygen in glacial meltwater may be a source of concern in the performance of high-level radioactive waste repositories such as those planned in Sweden. Oxidizing ground waters could impair the stability of waste canisters and would increase the potential solubility of many radionuclides (U, Pu, Tc, Np) by several orders of magnitude. Regional-scale (1000 km) numerical simulations of ground-water flow (Provost, Voss and Neuzil, 1996) in the Fennoscandian shield suggest that, during the advance of an ice sheet, recharging glacial basal meltwaters may reach depths of several kilometers in only a few thousand years. A local-scale, discrete-feature hydrogeological model centered on the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory suggests that, during the 2 major periods of glacial advance predicted by the SKI SITE-94 Central Scenario for the next 130 ka, infiltrating meltwaters will have a median residence time of less than 100 years before reaching repository depths of 500 m (Geier, 1996). Glacial meltwaters can be expected to have low concentrations of total dissolved solids but may be highly enriched in oxygen because of the dissolution of air bubbles trapped in the ice during its formation. Low concentrations of dissolved organic carbon may be expected in these glacial meltwaters and the only readily available reductants that might come in contact with the recharging meltwaters would be iron(II)-rich minerals commonly found in granodioritic rocks. Preliminary reactive-transport calculations, based on estimates of the relative abundance and reactivity of minerals along the fractures and in the rock matrix of the Fennoscandian shield, suggest that the movement of an oxygen front produced by the recharge of glacial meltwater along a single representative fracture would be approximately 15 times slower than the movement of the water along the fracture. According to these local-equilibrium calculations, oxygenated water could reach a depth of I kilometer within a few thousand years, which is less than the expected 10 ka duration of a glacial advance. Oxygenated ground water flowing in a crushed-rock zone that contained abundant reactive reductive minerals would not reach the same depths as quickly as oxygenated ground water Bowing along simple fractures. The local equilibrium calculations presented above probably overstate the retardation of the dissolved oxygen front. According to experimental rate data for Fe(II)-rich chlorite and biotite presented by Malmstrom and others (1995), contact times of 150-900 years would be required to exhaust the amount of dissolved oxygen initially present in glacial meltwaters. With a median residence time of less than 100 years estimated for glacial meltwaters reaching repository depths, these meltwaters may contain significant amounts of dissolved oxygen (concentrations of 8 mg/L and higher). The possible effect of matrix diffusion on the penetration of oxygenated glacial meltwaters to repository depth was evaluated using a matrix-skin-reaction model, based on the biotite dissolution data and kinetic models presented by Malmstrom and others (1995) and Malmstrom and Banwart (1997). According to the matrix-skin-reaction model, only half of the initially available oxygen could potentially be consumed by biotite reaction in a 10 cm thick "matrix skin" adjacent to a flowing fracture during the time estimated for the glacial meltwaters to reach 500 m depth. According to this model, up to 4.2% of the biotite available in the "matrix skin" would have dissolved during the seven major glacial advances believed to have taken place during the last 700,000 years. Up to 0.008% of the total volume of the matrix skin would have been replaced by FeOOH during the last of these glacial advances. Given the available field evidence, these numbers support the notion that the estimates of biotite reaction and oxygen depletion rates in the matrix-skin-reaction model represent upper bounds on the actual rates. Field evidence supporting the idea that oxygenated glacial meltwaters may have reached depths of 1 kilometer or more during the last glaciation includes: 1) the common occurrence of poorly crystallized iron oxyhydroxides observed in borehole cores (to depths of 924 m at Aspo and 400 m at Klipper (a) over circle s) collected by the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company at many sites in Sweden land usually described as "rust"), 2) the relative lack of pyrite along hydrologically transmissive fractures, and 3) the trapping of H-2- and O-18-depleted waters at depth (at the Aspo site and at seven other locations in the Fennoscandian shield). Finally, the hydrological and geochemical characteristics expected for glacial meltwater infiltration into fractured granitic rocks resemble those of other ground-water environments where deep oxygenated waters are currently found. These ground-water environments generally exhibit a lack of organic carbon entrained or present in the aquifer systems, and fast recharge. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Glynn, PD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 80 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY OECD PI PARIS 75775 PA 2 RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16 PARIS 75775, FRANCE BN 92-64-16153-8 J9 RADIOACT W PY 1999 BP 201 EP 241 PG 41 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Water Resources GA BP27E UT WOS:000084540400014 ER PT B AU Paces, JB Peterman, ZE Neymark, LA Whelan, JF Marshall, BD AF Paces, JB Peterman, ZE Neymark, LA Whelan, JF Marshall, BD GP OECD OECD TI Constraints on quaternary unsaturated- and saturated-zone hydrology from geochronological and isotopic studies of calcite and silica, Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA SO USE OF HYDROGEOCHEMICAL INFORMATION IN TESTING GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELS SE RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Use of Hydrogeochemical Information in Testing Groundwater Flow Models CY SEP 01-03, 1997 CL SWEDISH NUCL FUEL & WASTE MANAGEMENT CO, BORGHOLM, SWEDEN SP Nucl Energy Agcy, Grp Site Evaluat & Design Experiments Radioact Waste Disposal HO SWEDISH NUCL FUEL & WASTE MANAGEMENT CO ID DEVILS-HOLE; FRAMEWORK; RECORD; VEIN AB Both unsaturated- and saturated-zone aqueous solutions are capable of precipitating secondary mineral deposits that document the history and origins of past water flux. Calcite and opal occur as thin coatings on open fractures and cavity floors within the thick unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain. Occurrences and mineral textures indicate that mineral growth is the result of exchanges between solutions migrating downward along connected fracture pathways and an independently migrating gas phase that removes carbon dioxide and water vapor from the site of deposition. Outermost surfaces of calcite have C-14 ages of between 44,000 and 16,000 radiocarbon years; however, the same surfaces have Th-230/U ages from 28 ka to more than 500 ka. This discordance, along with negative covariance between conventionally calculated Th-230/U ages and initial U-234/U-238 is best explained by very slow rates of mineral growth where discrete depositional layers are too fine to separate and measure individually. Therefore, isotopic analyses and resulting ages represent mixtures between the deepest and shallowest layers incorporated within a given subsample. U-Pb ages of 4 to 8 Ma are obtained from intermediate and basal portions of mineral coatings and indicate that secondary mineral growth in the potential repository horizon is remarkably uniform at between 1 to 5 mm/Ma. Profiles of delta(13)C, delta(18)O and Sr-87/Sr-86 also show systematic variation with depth in a single mineral coating. Combined secondary mineral data from the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain suggest that flux at depth is probably less than infiltration, that lithostratigraphy plays an important role in diverting and moderating deep percolation, and that the potential-repository hydrogeologic system has likely remained constant over the last 8 Ma in spite of significant shifts in climate conditions. In contrast, the saturated-zone has responded to Pleistocene climate shifts by relatively rapid fluctuations in regional water table elevation. Sites of past discharge activity are located downgradient of Yucca Mountain at elevations of 20 to 100 m above the modern potentiometric surface. Radiocarbon, Th-230/U and thermoluminescence ages indicate that these sites were active from 10 to 60 ka, and again prior to 100 ka. Isotope data indicate a regional aquifer source requiring past water table elevations at least 100 m higher than modern conditions at the southern end of Yucca Mountain. Timing of past discharge is consistent with other climate proxy records in the region and indicate that a return to higher water table elevations is likely given the probability of future pluvial periods. C1 US Geol Survey, Yuca Mt Project Branch, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Paces, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Yuca Mt Project Branch, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY OECD PI PARIS 75775 PA 2 RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16 PARIS 75775, FRANCE BN 92-64-16153-8 J9 RADIOACT W PY 1999 BP 329 EP 336 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Water Resources GA BP27E UT WOS:000084540400024 ER PT S AU Lemeshewsky, GP AF Lemeshewsky, GP BE Park, SK Juday, RD TI Multispectral multisensor image fusion using wavelet transforms SO VISUAL INFORMATION PROCESSING VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Visual Information Processing VIII Conference CY APR 06, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE image fusion; shift invariant wavelet transform; multispectral; TM ID ALGORITHMS AB Fusion techniques can be applied to multispectral and higher spatial resolution panchromatic images to create a composite image that is easier to interpret than the individual images. Wavelet transform-based multisensor, multiresolution fusion (a type of band sharpening) was applied to Landsat thematic mapper (TM) multispectral and coregistered higher resolution SPOT panchromatic images. The objective was to obtain increased spatial resolution, false color composite products to support the interpretation of land cover types wherein the spectral characteristics of the imagery are preserved to provide the spectral clues needed for interpretation. Since the fusion process should not introduce artifacts, a shift invariant implementation of the discrete wavelet transform (SIDWT) was used. These results were compared with those using the shift variant, discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Overall, the process includes a hue, saturation, and value color space transform to minimize color changes, and a reported point-wise maximum selection rule to combine transform coefficients. The performance of fusion based on the SIDWT and DWT was evaluated with a simulated TM 30-m spatial resolution test image and a higher resolution reference. Simulated imagery was made by blurring higher resolution color-infrared photography with the TM sensors' point spread function. The SIDWT based technique produced imagery with fewer artifacts and lower error between fused images and the full resolution reference. image examples with TM and SPOT 10-m panchromatic illustrate the reduction in artifacts due to the SIDWT based fusion. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lemeshewsky, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3190-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3716 BP 214 EP 222 DI 10.1117/12.354709 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BN65V UT WOS:000082495100023 ER PT J AU Rosenberry, DO Bukaveckas, PA Buso, DC Likens, GE Shapiro, AM Winter, TC AF Rosenberry, DO Bukaveckas, PA Buso, DC Likens, GE Shapiro, AM Winter, TC TI Movement of road salt to a small New Hampshire lake SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE cation exchange; ground water; lake contamination; road salt; stream contamination ID WATER AB Runoff of road salt from an interstate highway in New Hampshire has led to contamination of a lake and a stream that Hows into the lake, in spite of the construction of a diversion berm to divert road salt runoff out of the lake drainage basin. Chloride concentration in the stream has increased by over an order of magnitude during the 23 yr since the highway was opened, and chloride concentration in the lake has tripled. Road salt moves to the lake primarily via the contaminated stream, which provides 53% of all the chloride to the lake and only 3% of the total streamflow to the lake. The stream receives discharge of salty water from leakage through the diversion berm. Uncontaminated ground water dilutes the stream downstream of the berm. However, reversals of gradient during summer months, likely caused by transpiration from deciduous toes, result in flow of contaminated stream water into the adjacent ground water along the lowest 40-m reach of the stream. This contaminated ground water then discharges into the lake along a 70-m-wide segment of lake shore. Road salt is pervasive in the bedrock between the highway and the lake, but was not detected at all of the wells in the glacial overburden. Of the 500 m of shoreline that could receive discharge of saly ground water directly from the highway, only a 50-m-long segment appears to be contaminated. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Louisville, Water Resources Lab, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Campton, NH 03223 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Rosenberry, DO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 413,Bldg 53,DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rosenber@usgs.gov RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641; Bukaveckas, Paul/0000-0002-2636-7818 NR 30 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 16 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 109 IS 1-4 BP 179 EP 206 DI 10.1023/A:1005041632056 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 168JG UT WOS:000078688000011 ER PT J AU Bartsch, MR Cope, WG Rada, RG AF Bartsch, MR Cope, WG Rada, RG TI Effects of cadmium-spiked sediment on cadmium accumulation and bioturbation by nymphs of the burrowing mayfly Hexagenia bilineata SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE accumulation; bioturbation; cadmium; Hexagenia; mayfly; spiked sediment ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; TOXICITY TESTS; INVERTEBRATES; EPHEMEROPTERA; CONTAMINANTS; OXIDATION; EXCHANGE; MERCURY AB We assessed accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and bioturbation by nymphs of the burrowing mayfly Hexagenia bilineata as indicators of exposure to Cd-spiked sediment in a 21-d test. Surficial sediments (top 5 cm) from Pool 7 of the Upper Mississippi River were spiked with Cd to concentrations of 3, 7, and 15 mu g Cd g(-1) dry weight. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three Cd-spiked sediment treatments plus an unspiked sediment control (1 mu g Cd g(-1) dry weight), and 10 nymphs in each of six replicates per treatment. Nymphs accumulated Cd during the 21-d exposure; mean concentrations varied from 0.22 to 6.24 mu g g(-1) dry weight, and tissue concentrations were correlated with Cd concentration in unfiltered test water (r = 0.93, P <0.01) and rest sediment (r = 0.93, P <0.01). The effect of Cd on bioturbation by nymphs, as indicated by turbidity, differed significantly among treatments (P = 0.045) and over time within treatments (P = 0.01). Turbidity progressively decreased as Cd concentration in the sediment increased, up to 7 mu g g(-1); however, turbidity in the 15 mu g g(-1) treatment (our greatest exposure concentration) did not differ significantly from the control. Concentrations of Cd in unfiltered, overlying test water increased significantly within treatments during the test, indicating that nymphs mobilized sediment-associated Cd into the overlying water, presumably through burrowing and respiratory activities. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Mississippi Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54602 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Microbiol, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. RP Bartsch, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Mississippi Sci Ctr, POB 818, La Crosse, WI 54602 USA. OI Bartsch, Michelle/0000-0002-9571-5564 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 109 IS 1-4 BP 277 EP 292 DI 10.1023/A:1005089601201 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 168JG UT WOS:000078688000016 ER PT J AU Cooley, RL AF Cooley, RL TI Practical Scheffe-type credibility intervals for variables of a groundwater model SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED TRANSMISSIVITY FIELDS; PILOT POINT METHODOLOGY; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; NONLINEAR-REGRESSION; FLOW MODELS; HYDROGEOLOGIC INFORMATION; AUTOMATED CALIBRATION; PREDICTION INTERVALS; UNCERTAINTY; INFERENCE AB Simultaneous Scheffe-type credibility intervals (the Bayesian version of confidence intervals) for variables of a groundwater flow model calibrated using a Bayesian maximum a posteriori procedure were derived by Cooley [1993b]. It was assumed that variances reflecting the expected differences between observed and model-computed quantities used to calibrate the model are known, whereas they would often be unknown for an actual model. In this study the variances are regarded as unknown, and variance variability from observation to observation is approximated by grouping the data so that each group is characterized by a uniform variance. The credibility intervals are calculated from the posterior distribution, which was developed by considering each group variance to be a random variable about which nothing is known a priori, then eliminating it by integration. Numerical experiments using two test problems illustrate some characteristics of the credibility intervals. Nonlinearity of the statistical model greatly affected some of the credibility intervals, indicating that credibility intervals computed using the standard linear model approximation may often be inadequate to characterize uncertainty for actual field problems. The parameter characterizing the probability level for the credibility intervals was, however, accurately computed using a linear model approximation, as compared with values calculated using second-order and fully nonlinear formulations. This allows the credibility intervals to be computed very efficiently. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Cooley, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 113 EP 126 DI 10.1029/98WR02819 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 158PK UT WOS:000078123800011 ER PT J AU Baehr, AL Stackelberg, PE Baker, RJ AF Baehr, AL Stackelberg, PE Baker, RJ TI Evaluation of the atmosphere as a source of volatile organic compounds in shallow groundwater SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LAW CONSTANTS; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; TRANSPORT; BIODEGRADATION; MTBE AB The atmosphere as a source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in shallow groundwater was evaluated over an area in southern New Jersey. Chloroform, methyl tertbutyl ether (MTBE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and carbon disulfide (not a VOC) were detected frequently at low-level concentrations in a network of 78 shallow wells in the surficial Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system. The atmosphere was sampled for these compounds and only MTBE concentrations were high enough to potentially explain frequent detection in shallow groundwater. A mathematical model of reactive transport through the unsaturated zone is presented to explain how variations in unsaturated properties across the study area could explain differences in MTBE concentrations in shallow groundwater given the atmosphere as the source. Even when concentrations of VOCs in groundwater are low compared to regulatory concentration limits, it is critical to know the source. If the VOCs originate from a point source(s), concentrations in groundwater could potentially increase over time to levels of concern as groundwater plumes evolve, whereas if the atmosphere is the source, then groundwater concentrations would be expected to remain at low-level concentrations not exceeding those in equilibrium with atmospheric concentrations, This is the first analysis of VOC occurrence in shallow groundwater involving colocated atmosphere data. C1 US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. RP Baehr, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. NR 25 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.1029/1998WR900030 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 158PK UT WOS:000078123800012 ER PT J AU Legates, DR McCabe, GJ AF Legates, DR McCabe, GJ TI Evaluating the use of "goodness-of-fit" measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOOTSTRAP; JACKKNIFE; SEARCH AB Correlation and correlation-based measures (e.g., the coefficient of determination) have been widely used to evaluate the "goodness-of-fit" of hydrologic and hydroclimatic models. These measures are oversensitive to extreme values (outliers) and are insensitive to additive and proportional differences between model predictions and observations. Because of these limitations, correlation-based measures can indicate that a model is a good predictor, even when it is not. In this paper, useful alternative goodness-of-fit or relative error measures (including the coefficient of efficiency and the index of agreement) that overcome many of the limitations of correlation-based measures are discussed. Modifications to these statistics to aid in interpretation are presented. It is concluded that correlation and correlation-based measures should not be used to assess the goodness-of-fit of a hydrologic or hydroclimatic model and that additional evaluation measures (such as summary statistics and absolute error measures) should supplement model evaluation tools. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Legates, DR (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, 227 Howe Russell Geosci Complex, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 29 TC 1368 Z9 1406 U1 13 U2 134 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 233 EP 241 DI 10.1029/1998WR900018 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 158PK UT WOS:000078123800021 ER PT J AU Burkhardt, MR Brenton, RW Kammer, JA Jha, VK O'Mara-Lopez, PG Woodworth, MT AF Burkhardt, MR Brenton, RW Kammer, JA Jha, VK O'Mara-Lopez, PG Woodworth, MT TI Improved method for the determination of nonpurgeable suspended organic carbon in natural water by silver filter filtration, wet chemical oxidation, and infrared spectrometry SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SEAWATER; MATTER AB Precision and accuracy are reported for the first time for the analysis of nonpurgeable suspended organic carbon by silver membrane filtration followed by wet chemical oxidation. A water sample is pressure filtered through a 0.45-mu m-pore-size, 47mm-diameter silver membrane filter. The silver membrane filter then is cut into ribbons and placed in a flame-sealable glass ampule. The organic material trapped on the membrane filter strips is acidified, purged with oxygen to remove inorganic carbonates and volatile organic compounds, and oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) using phosphoric acid and potassium persulfate in the sealed glass ampule. The resulting CO2 is measured by a nondispersive infrared CO2 detector. The amount of CO2 is proportional to the concentration of chemically oxidizable nonpurgeable organic carbon in the environmental water sample. The quantitation and method detection limit for routine analysis is 0.2 mg/L. The average percent recovery in five representative matrices was 97 +/- 11%. The errors associated with sampling and sample preparation of nonpurgeable suspended organic carbon are also described. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Branch Tech Dev & Qual Syst, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Burkhardt, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Box 25046,Fed Ctr,MS 407, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1029/1998WR900052 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 158PK UT WOS:000078123800030 ER PT J AU Burkart, MR Kolpin, DW James, DE AF Burkart, MR Kolpin, DW James, DE TI Assessing groundwater vulnerability to agrichemical contamination in the Midwest SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference and Workshop on Integrated Management of Water Quality at CSIM CY MAY 11-16, 1997 CL TEOLO, ITALY DE groundwater; nitrate; pesticides; aquifers; agriculture; GIS ID LAND-USE; AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS; PESTICIDES; NITRATE AB Agrichemicals (herbicides and nitrate) are significant sources of diffuse pollution to groundwater. Indirect methods are needed to assess the potential for groundwater contamination by diffuse sources because groundwater monitoring is too costly to adequately define the geographic extent of contamination at a regional or national scale. This paper presents examples of the application of statistical, overlay and index, and process-based modeling methods for groundwater vulnerability assessments to a variety of data from the Midwest U.S. The principles for vulnerability assessment include both intrinsic (pedologic, climatologic, and hydrogeologic factors) and specific (contaminant and other anthropogenic factors) vulnerability of a location. Statistical methods use the frequency of contaminant occurrence, contaminant concentration, or contamination probability as a response variable. Statistical assessments are useful for defining the relations among explanatory and response variables whether they define intrinsic or specific vulnerability. Multivariate statistical analyses are useful for ranking variables critical to estimating water quality responses of interest. Overlay and index methods involve intersecting maps of intrinsic and specific vulnerability properties and indexing the variables by applying appropriate weights. Deterministic models use process-based equations to simulate contaminant transport and are distinguished from the other methods in their potential to predict contaminant transport in both space and time. An example of a one-dimensional leaching model linked to a geographic information system (GIS) to define a regional metamodel for contamination in the Midwest is included. (C) 1999 IAWQ Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. RP Burkart, MR (reprint author), Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Ave, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1999 VL 39 IS 3 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00042-6 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 179AF UT WOS:000079300800011 ER PT J AU Pugesek, BH Diem, KL Cordes, CL AF Pugesek, BH Diem, KL Cordes, CL TI Seasonal movements, migration, and range sizes of subadult and adult Bamforth Lake California gulls SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE age; Bamforth Lake; band recovery; California gull; Larus californicus; migration; patagial marker ID REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; PARENTAL AGE; SURVIVAL; SUCCESS AB We investigated seasonal migration patterns of three age classes of California Culls (Larus californicus). Using band recovery data and reported sightings of patagially marked gulls, we constructed location maps for fledglings, one to two-year-old gulls, and breeding-age adult gulls during five time periods: spring migration, breeding season, early and late fall migration, and winter. Using repeated observations, we also produced a location map with directional vector plots. Gulls followed a triangular pattern of movements. At the conclusion of breeding, gulfs migrated west and northwest to the Pacific coast, distributing themselves mainly between San Francisco and British Columbia. During winter, gulls moved south along the Pacific coast and by spring were concentrated in southern California and northern Mexico. The range size was largest among fledglings which provided the northernmost and southernmost observations for the population. Few subadult gulls migrated to the breeding colony. During the breeding season, a substantial portion of breeding-aged adults remained on the Pacific coast and throughout the intermountain west but were not observed at other California gull colonies. While fledglings moved directly toward the Pacific coast at the end of the breeding season, many adults lingered near the colony site and at aquatic habitats south of the colony. We suggest that adults remain longer in the area to feed and to rejuvenate before attempting migration. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Pugesek, BH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0738-6028 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 1999 VL 22 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.2307/1521990 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 252NT UT WOS:000083508100004 ER PT J AU Erwin, RM Eyler, TB Stotts, DB Hatfield, JS AF Erwin, RM Eyler, TB Stotts, DB Hatfield, JS TI Aspects of chick growth in Gull-billed Terns in coastal Virginia SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE barrier island; growth of young; Gull-billed Tern; hatching success; marsh shellpile; Sterna nilotica; Virginia ID COMMON TERN; STERNA-HIRUNDO; ROSEATE; SURVIVAL AB Because of concerns about apparent population declines and low productivity of Cull-billed Terns (Sterna nilotica) along the coast of Virginia, we investigated whether food limitations may result in retarded growth rates of young. Several colonies of Gull-billed Terns were monitored from May to July each year from 1994 to 1996 on both sandy barrier islands and marsh/shellpile islands in coastal Virginia. Nests were visited one to three times a week to monitor clutch size and hatching success, and enclosures were installed around selected nests to monitor chick growth from hatching to at least two weeks of age. When comparing chick growth, we found significant year, habitat and hatch order effects. Chicks from marsh shellpiles had higher mass and culmen growth rates than did those from barrier islands, and first-hatched chicks had significantly higher culmen growth rates than did second-hatched chicks. Year effects were only found for mass growth rates. Growth rates of Gull-billed Terms in these Virginia colonies seem to be low relative to those of six other North American tern species from other geographic areas. These findings suggest that growth rates of young Gull-billed Terns, as well as other reproductive parameters, need to be examined in detail in other coastal areas such as Texas, where the species is more abundant, to determine whether our growth results are species- or region-specific. C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Erwin, RM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Clark hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0738-6028 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 1999 VL 22 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.2307/1521992 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 252NT UT WOS:000083508100006 ER PT J AU Eyler, TB Erwin, RM Stotts, DB Hatfield, JS AF Eyler, TB Erwin, RM Stotts, DB Hatfield, JS TI Aspects of hatching success and chick survival in Gull-billed Terns in coastal Virginia SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE barrier island; Gull-billed Tern; hatching success; marsh shellpile; predation; Sterna nilotica; survival; Virginia ID STERNA AB Because of a long-term population decline in Gull-billed Terns (Sterna nilotica) nesting along the coast of Virginia, we began a three-year study in 1994 to monitor hatching success and survival of Gull-billed Tern chicks at several Virginia colony sites. Colonies were located on either small, storm-deposited shellpiles along marsh fringes or large, sand-shell overwash fans of barrier islands. Nests were monitored one to three times a week for hatching success, and enclosures were installed around selected nests to monitor chick survival from hatching to about two weeks Of age. Hatching success was lower in marsh colonies than island colonies, and was lower in 1995 than in 1994 and 1996, primarily because of flooding. The average brood size of nests where at least one chick hatched was 1.99 chicks. Survival rates of chicks to 14 days depended on hatch order and year but not brood size (one vs. two or more) or time of season. First-hatched chicks had higher survival rates than second-hatched and third-hatched chicks (0.661 compared to 0.442 and 0.357, respectively). The year effect Has significant only for first-hatched chicks, dth lower survival in 19994 (0.50) than in 1995 (0.765) or 1996 (0.758). Overall, productivity was low (0.53 chick per nest) compared to estimates for colonies in Denmark and was attributable to nest flooding by spring and storm-driven high tides and chick predation, mostly by Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus). C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Nelson Lab, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Eyler, TB (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eartern Shore, Maryland Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1120 Trigg Hall, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0738-6028 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 1999 VL 22 IS 1 BP 54 EP 59 DI 10.2307/1521993 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 252NT UT WOS:000083508100007 ER PT J AU Nisbet, ICT Hatfield, JS Link, WA Spendelow, JA AF Nisbet, ICT Hatfield, JS Link, WA Spendelow, JA TI Predicting chick survival and productivity of roseate terns from data on early growth SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE discriminant function; growth; mass; productivity; Roseate Tern; Sterna dougallii; survival ID STERNA-DOUGALLII; SUCCESS AB Early growth of Roseate Tern (Sterna dougallii) chicks is a strong predictor of chick survival and hence of productivity. Using data from a ten-lear study at Falkner Island, Connecticut, we developed discriminant functions to predict chick survival from body-masses measured during the first three days of life. A discriminant function using only the mass of the B-chick (second-hatched in each brood) on day 2 of life yielded Predictions of survival (83% correct classification) almost as good as any other. The correct classification rates were consistent across each of the 10 yr of the study. The simplest discriminant function gave good results (84% correct classification) in a limited test with a data set from another site. We derive a formula to estimate the total number of B-chicks raised to fledging from the number of individuals for which the discriminant function predicts survival. Productivity is estimated by assuming that almost all A-chicks (first-hatched in each brood) survive to fledging, and using the discriminant function and the formula to predict the number of B-chicks that survive, in the absence of predation, the resulting estimates of Roseate Tem chick survival and productivity are almost as good as those obtained by more intensive methods, but require less effort and less disturbance. This approach might be useful for other seabird species in which chick survival is determined primarily by parental performance. C1 ICT Nisbet & Co, N Falmouth, MA 02556 USA. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Nisbet, ICT (reprint author), ICT Nisbet & Co, 150 Alder Lane, N Falmouth, MA 02556 USA. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0738-6028 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 1999 VL 22 IS 1 BP 90 EP 97 DI 10.2307/1521997 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 252NT UT WOS:000083508100011 ER PT J AU Agler, BA Kendall, SJ Irons, DB Klosiewski, SP AF Agler, BA Kendall, SJ Irons, DB Klosiewski, SP TI Declines in marine bird populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska coincident with a climatic regime shift SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Alaska; marine birds; population changes; Prince William Sound; climatic regime shift; oil spill; Pacific Ocean ID VALDEZ-OIL-SPILL; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; SEA LION; ECOSYSTEM; ABUNDANCE; PACIFIC AB Analyses of marine bird surveys conducted in Prince William Sound, Alaska in July 1972 were compared to surveys in July 1989, 1990, 1991, and 1993 and indicated that populations of several taxa of marine birds that prey on fish have declined in Prince William Sound, but most taxa that feed on other prey species, such as benthic invertebrates, have not declined. Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata), Pacific Loon ( C. pacifica, cormorant (Phalacrocorax spp.), Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata), Bonaparte's Gull (Larus philadelphia), terns (Sterna spp.), Pigeon Guillemot (Cepphus columba), Brachyramphus murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus and B. brevirostris), Parakeet Auklet (Cyclorrhynchus psittacula),Tufted Puffin (Fratercula cirrhata), and Horned Puffin (Fratercula corniculata) populations declined by >50%. Most of these are piscivores, feeding on schooling fish. Some non-piscivorous taxa, such as Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus), goldeneyes (Bucephala clangula and islandica), and Black Oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani), have increased in Prince William Sound between 1972 and 1989-1993, although a portion of the population was killed by the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill. Declines in piscivorous bird populations also have been documented in the Gulf of Alaska, the Baring Sea, and along the California coast in the past two decades and have been coincidental to changes in forage fish species in the North Pacific Ocean. Many of the declines ap pear to be related to changes in forage fish abundance that occurred during a climatic regime shift in the north Pacific Ocean, although some taxa were also affected by the Exxon Valdez oil spill. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Agler, BA (reprint author), POB 1063, Westbrook, CT 06498 USA. EM skuas@yahoo.com NR 25 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 14 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 1999 VL 22 IS 1 BP 98 EP 103 DI 10.2307/1521998 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 252NT UT WOS:000083508100012 ER PT J AU Nisbet, ICT Spendelow, JA AF Nisbet, ICT Spendelow, JA TI Contribution of research to management and recovery of the Roseate Tern: Review of a twelve-year project SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE conservation management; population recovery; research; Roseate Tern; Sterna dougallii; USA ID STERNA-DOUGALLII; COMMON TERNS; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; SURVIVAL; SUCCESS; ISLAND; COMPETITION; SELECTION; GROWTH; CHICKS AB The Northwest Atlantic population of the Roseate Tern (Sterna dougallii) is largely confined to a small breeding area along the northeast coast of the USA between 40 degrees and 42 degrees N. This population was listed as endangered in the USA in 1987 because it was dangerously concentrated into a few breeding sites (85% on two islands in the 1980s). The nesting population in the area from Long Island, New York to Cape Cod, Massachusetts has been studied intensively since 1987, in conjunction with a program of management of the breeding colonies. This paper summarizes the results of the research program and discusses the extent to which it has contributed to effective management. The regional population now numbers about 4,000 breeding pairs and has been increasing slowly since 1987, except between 1991 and 1992 when it declined by about 17%. Noteworthy features of the demographic data collected since 1987 are: skewed adult sex-ratio (about 127 F to 100 M), high average productivity (1.0-1.2 fledglings per pair), low annual adult survival (0.83), and probably low survival from fledging to first breeding (about 0.2). This species is a specialized forager and may be limited within this region by the distribution of suitable feeding sites. When this regional population was listed as endangered in 1987, managers postulated that predation and displacement by gulls were important factors limiting numbers and productivity. Research since 1987 has suggested that the primary effect of gulls is to limit the number of secure sites available, fur nesting, and that high postfledging mortality and skewed sex-ratios are probably more important as limiting factors on population size. Research activities have contributed both directly and indirectly to management of the regional population, but it has taken longer than expected to obtain needed information on demographic parameters, causes of mortality, and other limiting factors. C1 ICT Nisbet & Co, N Falmouth, MA 02556 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Nisbet, ICT (reprint author), ICT Nisbet & Co, 150 Alder Lane, N Falmouth, MA 02556 USA. NR 70 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0738-6028 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 1999 VL 22 IS 2 BP 239 EP 252 DI 10.2307/1522212 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 292MP UT WOS:000085799000006 ER PT J AU Ostrand, WD AF Ostrand, WD TI Marbled Murrelets as initiators of feeding flocks in Prince William Sound, Alaska SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Black-legged Kittiwakes; Brachyramphus marmoratus; foraging; feeding flocks; glaucous-winged gulls; Larus glaucescens; Marbled Murrelets; Prince William Sound; AK; Rissa tridactyla ID SEABIRDS; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY AB I sought to determine which seabird species initiated small, ephemeral, multispecies feeding flocks in Prince William Sound, AK (PWS). I observed 47 feeding flocks at fire sites during June 1996 and determined the initiating species at 34. All of the latter flocks were initiated by pursuit divers, of which 76.5% were Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus), the most abundant seabird in PWS. Formation of feeding flocks followed either of two scenarios: 1) larids were attracted to a feeding location by the presence or activity of Marbled Murrelets (26.9%), or 2) both larids and murrelets were present anti flock feeding began after the murrelets dove from the surface (50.0%). Other principal participants were Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens). C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Ostrand, WD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0738-6028 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 1999 VL 22 IS 2 BP 314 EP 318 DI 10.2307/1522223 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 292MP UT WOS:000085799000017 ER PT B AU Funkhouser, JE Van Brahana, J Anderson, WM Little, PR Williams, R AF Funkhouser, JE Van Brahana, J Anderson, WM Little, PR Williams, R BE Olsen, DS Potyondy, JP TI Potential impacts of confined animal operations to the surface- and ground-water quality in northern Arkansas - Preliminary results and implications for formulating best-management practices SO WILDLAND HYDROLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual AWRA Summer Specialty Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1999 CL BOZEMAN, MT SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Bio West Inc, Montana St Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dover Habitat Restorat, LLC, Drake Engn Inc, Inter Fluve Inc, Lewis & Clark County Water Quality Protect Dist, Montana Comm Humanities, Montana Cultural Trust, Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Montana Dept Agr, Montana St Univ, Montana Water Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Water Management Bur C1 US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR USA. RP Funkhouser, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA BN 1-882132-47-5 PY 1999 BP 201 EP 208 PG 8 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BP21Q UT WOS:000084434300025 ER PT B AU Veenhuis, JE AF Veenhuis, JE BE Olsen, DS Potyondy, JP TI The effects of wildfire on the flow characteristics of Frijoles and Capulin Canyon, Bandelier National Monument, New Mexico SO WILDLAND HYDROLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual AWRA Summer Specialty Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1999 CL BOZEMAN, MT SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Bio West Inc, Montana St Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dover Habitat Restorat, LLC, Drake Engn Inc, Inter Fluve Inc, Lewis & Clark County Water Quality Protect Dist, Montana Comm Humanities, Montana Cultural Trust, Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Montana Dept Agr, Montana St Univ, Montana Water Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Water Management Bur C1 US Geol Survey, New Mexico Dist, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Veenhuis, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Mexico Dist, 5338 Montgomery Rd NE,Ste 400, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA BN 1-882132-47-5 PY 1999 BP 427 EP 428 PG 2 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BP21Q UT WOS:000084434300053 ER PT B AU Stehly, GR Barron, MG Hayton, WL AF Stehly, GR Barron, MG Hayton, WL BE Smith, DJ Gingerich, WH BeconiBarker, MG TI Pharmacokinetic modeling in aquatic animals - Bioconcentration and bioavailability SO XENOBIOTICS IN FISH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Xenobiotic Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism by Fish held at the Annual Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 01-02, 1998 CL DALLAS, TX SP Amer Chem Soc ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DI-2-ETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; FISH; CHEMICALS; BIOACCUMULATION; ACCUMULATION; DISPOSITION; METABOLISM; TRANSPORT AB Pharmacokinetic models used for estimating and interpreting the bioconcentration and bioavailability of xenobiotics in fish and other aquatic organisms are critically reviewed. Equilibrium partitioning, the simplest model for determining and interpreting bioconcentration, is based on the concept that xenobiotic distribution is thermodynamically driven. Although a number of factors can result in deviation from the model, the model works well for a number of lipophilic xenobiotics that are not metabolized. The accelerated bioconcentration model was developed as a method to determine bioconcentration factor for xenobiotics that require a long time to reach equilibrium. Model limitations include differing units for uptake and elimination, and representation of the fish as a single compartment. Clearance-volume models of bioconcentration are interpretable in terms of animal physiology. These models measure uptake and elimination in the same units and allow prediction of their relative importance to bioconcentration. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are complex models of xenobiotic distribution based on the anatomy and physiology of the fish. These models are most useful in their predictive value for different conditions and in interpretation of processes controlling accumulation of xenobiotic. Several alternate methods are available to determine bioconcentration factor without exposure to a constant concentration of a xenobiotic. In clinical pharmacokinetics, bioavailability most frequently is a measure of the extent that an absorbed xenobiotic reaches the systemic circulation, but it can also be a measure of the rate. The term "bioavailability" is sometimes ambiguous because environmental toxicologists use it as a measure of the uptake clearance of unbound contaminants in water. Food web models of xenobiotic transfer in the environment use the basic kinetic concepts of equilibrium partitioning, bioconcentration, and bioavailability. Application of these models to some environmental contaminants has successfully predicted their kinetic behavior in the environment. However, simplifying assumptions may restrict the application of food-web models to a limited number of xenobiotics. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Stehly, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46189-7 PY 1999 BP 73 EP 86 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BQ66R UT WOS:000089123700006 ER PT B AU Stehly, GR Meinertz, JR Gingerich, WH AF Stehly, GR Meinertz, JR Gingerich, WH BE Smith, DJ Gingerich, WH BeconiBarker, MG TI Comparative pharmacokinetics of sarafloxacin in rainbow trout and channel catfish SO XENOBIOTICS IN FISH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Xenobiotic Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism by Fish held at the Annual Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 01-02, 1998 CL DALLAS, TX SP Amer Chem Soc ID SALMO-SALAR HELD; SEA-WATER; QUINOLONES AB Sarafloxacin is a broad spectrum fluoroquinolone potentially effective in controlling a number of bacterial infections in fish. Of the aquaculture therapeutants that are under consideration for approvals in the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies proposal, sarafloxacin was chosen as the best example of an orally administered drug that would be readily metabolized by fish, and therefore a model compound to study the crop grouping concept. The crop grouping concept hypothesizes that species of fish can be grouped based on defining characteristics such as activity level, phylogeny, and temperature preference. As an initial test of the crop grouping concept, the similarities and differences in the pharmacokinetics of sarafloxacin after a single intraarterial dose of 5 mg/kg were tested in two surrogate fish species (rainbow trout and channel catfish) that differ greatly in group defining characteristics. The mean apparent volume of distribution of individual trout was approximately 10 L/kg and 4 L/kg for catfish while total body clearance was 0.05 L/kg/h for trout and 0.17 L/kg/h for catfish. Rainbow trout had an extended terminal elimination with a half-life of approximately 158 h when compared to Ish for channel catfish. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Stehly, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46189-7 PY 1999 BP 123 EP 131 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BQ66R UT WOS:000089123700009 ER PT B AU Dawson, VK Schreier, TM Boogaard, MA Gingerich, WH AF Dawson, VK Schreier, TM Boogaard, MA Gingerich, WH BE Smith, DJ Gingerich, WH BeconiBarker, MG TI Uptake, metabolism, and elimination of niclosamide by fish SO XENOBIOTICS IN FISH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Xenobiotic Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism by Fish held at the Annual Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 01-02, 1998 CL DALLAS, TX SP Amer Chem Soc ID RAINBOW-TROUT AB The lampricide 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide) formulated as the 2-aminoethanol salt (Bayluscide) has been used in combination with 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) to control sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in streams tributary to the Great Lakes for over 30 years. In addition, a bottom release formulation of Bayluscide has been used extensively to assess populations of larval lampreys in lenitic areas. The nature and magnitude of niclosamide residues in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) tissues and rates of elimination have been evaluated under laboratory and field exposure conditions. The uptake of niclosamide from water by rainbow trout is rapid, and residues reach equilibrium after 3 days of exposure. Only about 9% of total body niclosamide residues are found in edible fillet tissues after 24 hours of exposure. Metabolism of niclosamide by hydrolysis, reduction, or conjugation with glucuronic acid has been reported in fish, rats, cestodes, nematodes, midge larvae, mouse and sheep liver homogenates, and aerobic and anaerobic pond sediments. Rainbow trout exposed to niclosamide recently have been reported to have residues of the glucuronide conjugate and the sulfate ester in muscle fillet tissue. Fish transferred to niclosamide-free water after 24 hours of exposure to 0.02 mg/L of the chemical eliminated residues to below the limit of detection within 2-3 days. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Dawson, VK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46189-7 PY 1999 BP 167 EP 176 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BQ66R UT WOS:000089123700012 ER PT B AU Hubert, TD Bernardy, JA Vue, C Gingerich, WH AF Hubert, TD Bernardy, JA Vue, C Gingerich, WH BE Smith, DJ Gingerich, WH BeconiBarker, MG TI Uptake, metabolism, and elimination of TFM by fish SO XENOBIOTICS IN FISH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Xenobiotic Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism by Fish held at the Annual Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 01-02, 1998 CL DALLAS, TX SP Amer Chem Soc ID RAINBOW-TROUT; 3-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-4-NITROPHENOL TFM; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; GLUCURONIDE; IDENTIFICATION; TOXICITY; BILE AB The larval lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) has been used to control sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes basin for over 30 years. Studies have been conducted to (1) determine the nature and magnitude of TFM and TFM residues in fish fillet tissue under acute exposure conditions, and (2) determine the rates of uptake, elimination, and the nature and magnitude of TFM and TFM residues in fish tissues under subchronic exposure conditions. Data from these studies were submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to support the reregistration of TFM. An historical perspective on the sea lamprey control program, data from previous research on the nature of TFM residues in fish, and the results of the studies conducted at UMESC are presented. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Hubert, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46189-7 PY 1999 BP 177 EP 187 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BQ66R UT WOS:000089123700013 ER PT B AU Meinertz, JR Stehly, GR Gingerich, WH AF Meinertz, JR Stehly, GR Gingerich, WH BE Smith, DJ Gingerich, WH BeconiBarker, MG TI Metabolism, elimination, and pharmacokinetics of the fish anesthetic benzocaine SO XENOBIOTICS IN FISH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Xenobiotic Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism by Fish held at the Annual Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 01-02, 1998 CL DALLAS, TX SP Amer Chem Soc ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; TEMPERATURE; GILLS; BASS AB Benzocaine (ethyl para-aminobenzoate), a mammalian local anesthetic, is an effective general anesthetic agent for fish when administered by bath exposure. Its proposed use in aquaculture is to sedate fish and reduce mortality during transport and/or spawning operations in hatcheries or during stocking operations. Benzocaine is metabolized into at least three compounds by acetylation and hydrolysis. Benzocaine and its acetylated metabolite are rapidly eliminated across the gills while the more polar de-ethylated and de-ethylated-acetylated metabolites are excreted at slower rates primarily in the urine. Benzocaine and the metabolite, acetylbenzocaine, are rapidly lost from the edible fillet tissue after prolonged exposures to solutions of benzocaine. During an exposure, benzocaine is rapidly distributed into the highly perfused tissues and rapidly eliminated. Elimination of benzocaine from plasma is characterized by a very rapid initial phase followed by a relatively slow terminal phase. During the initial elimination phase, the majority of benzocaine is lost from the fish while only a small portion of the benzocaine is lost during the terminal elimination phase. Benzocaine pharmacokinetic parameters of uptake, clearance, and metabolic clearance are influenced by temperature, i.e., the pharmacokinetic parameters increase with increasing water temperature. The research presented in this manuscript indicates that benzocaine has the characteristics appropriate for a fish anesthetic with a short withdrawal time. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Meinertz, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46189-7 PY 1999 BP 189 EP 200 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BQ66R UT WOS:000089123700014 ER PT J AU Drake, BM Goto, RM Miller, MM Gee, GF Briles, WE AF Drake, BM Goto, RM Miller, MM Gee, GF Briles, WE TI Molecular and immunogenetic analysis of major histocompatibility haplotypes in northern bobwhite enable direct identification of corresponding haplotypes in an endangered subspecies, the masked bobwhite SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE captive breeding; polymorphism; genetic variability; heterozygosity; major histocompatibility complex; bobwhite quail ID B-G SUBREGION; CAPTIVE BREEDING PROGRAMS; NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZER; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MHC POLYMORPHISM; CROSSING-OVER; COMPLEX; CHICKEN; REGION; RESISTANCE AB The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a group of genetic loci coding for haplotypes that have been associated with fitness traits in mammals and birds. Such associations suggest that MHC diversity may be an indicator of overall genetic fitness of endangered or threatened species. The MHC haplotypes of a captive population of 12 families of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) were identified using a combination of immunogenetic and molecular techniques. Alloantisera were produced within families of northern bobwhites and were then tested for differential agglutination of erythrocytes of all members of each family. The pattern of reactions determined from testing these alloantisera identified a single genetic system of alloantigens in the northern bobwhites, resulting in the assignment of a tentative genotype to each individual within the quail families. Restriction fragment patterns of the DNA of each bird were determined using the chicken MHC B-G cDNA probe bg11. The concordance between the restriction fragment patterns and the alloantisera reactions showed that the alloantisera had identified the MHC of the northern bobwhite and supported the tentative genotype assignments, identifying at least 12 northern bobwhite MHC haplotypes. Eighteen northern bobwhite alloantisera were then used to detect a minimum of 17 masked bobwhite MHC haplotypes. Subsequent restriction fragment pattern analyses using cDNA probes for chicken MHC genes were in agreement with agglutination patterns displayed by the antisera, showing that the immunogenetically identified alloantigen system constituted the MHC of the masked bobwhite. These data demonstrate that a non-endangered species may be used to provide antisera for differentiating MHC haplotypes in a closely related endangered species, thus providing a practical basis for long-range monitoring of MHC haplotypes of birds surviving in their native habitats. Zoo Biol 18:279-294, 1999. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Laurel, MD USA. RP Briles, WE (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 1999 VL 18 IS 4 BP 279 EP 294 PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 262HR UT WOS:000084061700003 ER PT J AU Boinski, S Gross, TS Davis, JK AF Boinski, S Gross, TS Davis, JK TI Terrestrial predator alarm vocalizations are a valid monitor of stress in captive brown capuchins (Cebus apella) SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental enrichment; psychological well-being; plasma cortisol; fecal cortisol; stress; predation; alarm call ID FEMALE SQUIRREL-MONKEYS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; VOCAL BEHAVIOR; RESPONSES; CALLS; SEPARATION; ANIMALS; PIGS; COMMUNICATION; ENDOCRINE AB The vocal behavior of captive animals is increasingly exploited as an index of well-being. Here we show that the terrestrial predator alarm (TPA) vocalization, a robust and acoustically distinctive anti-predation vocal response present in many mammal and bird species, offers useful information on the relative well-being and stress levels of captive animals. In a 16-week experiment evaluating the effects of varying levels of physical environmental enrichment (control < toys < foraging box < foraging box and toys) in the cages of eight singly housed adult male brown capuchins, we quantified the 1) emission rate of TPAs, 2) proportions of normal and abnormal behavior sample intervals, and 3) fecal and plasma cortisol levels. Variation in TPA emission across the experimental conditions was significant. We found significant reductions in the mean TPA production rate by the group in the enriched (toys, foraging box, and foraging box and toys) compared to the control condition; pre- and post-experimental conditions, however, did not differ from the control condition. Mean TPA production by the group was also significantly positively correlated to mean group levels of fecal cortisol and proportion of abnormal behavior sample intervals, and significantly negatively correlated to the average proportion of normal behavior sample intervals in the group. Based on group means, plasma cortisol levels were positively, but not significantly, related to increasing TPA rate. At the level of the responses of an individual subject, however, the covariation between the vocal and non-vocal behavioral measures and the cortisol assays seldom attained significance. Nevertheless, the direction of the relationships among these parameters within individual subjects typically mirrored those correlations based on group means. At both the group mean and individual levels, our results are consistent with the interpretation that in conditions of low environmental enrichment the study subjects were more stressed, and therefore more reactive to the presence of a threatening terrestrial stimulus (human observer), than when in more enriched conditions. We suggest that protocols to evaluate the effectiveness of enrichment for captive species other than brown capuchins could also profitably exploit TPAs as a first-line monitor or as corroboratory evidence of current well-being. Zoo Biol 18:295-312, 1999. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Anthropol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Div Comparat Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Comparat & Expt Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Boinski, S (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Anthropol, 1121 Turlington,POB 117035, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 75 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 7 U2 17 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 1999 VL 18 IS 4 BP 295 EP 312 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1999)18:4<295::AID-ZOO4>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 18 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 262HR UT WOS:000084061700004 ER PT J AU TeWinkel, LM Fleischer, GW AF TeWinkel, LM Fleischer, GW TI Pressure as a limit to bloater (Coregonus hoyi) vertical migration SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID TARGET STRENGTH; PELAGIC PLANKTIVORES; FISH; SIZE C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP TeWinkel, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM leslie-tewinkel@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 30 PY 1998 IS 4 BP 1060 EP 1063 DI 10.2307/1447359 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 184VL UT WOS:000079634400030 ER PT J AU Wibbels, T Rostal, D Byles, R AF Wibbels, T Rostal, D Byles, R TI High pivotal temperature in the sex determination of the olive ridley sea turtle, Lepidochelys olivacea, from Playa Nancite, Costa Rica SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID CARETTA-CARETTA; RATIOS C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. RP Wibbels, T (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Biol, 1300 Univ Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 30 PY 1998 IS 4 BP 1086 EP 1088 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 184VL UT WOS:000079634400035 ER PT J AU King, SL Allen, JA McCoy, JW AF King, SL Allen, JA McCoy, JW TI Long-term effects of a lock and dam and greentree reservoir management on a bottomland hardwood forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE wetland; forested wetland; riparian wetland; dam; greentree reservoir; succession; non-metric multidimensional scaling ID FLOODING REGIMES; RIVER; FLOODPLAIN; MISSOURI; SWAMP; RESTORATION; VEGETATION; FLORIDA; WETLAND; SITES AB We investigated the long-term effects of a lock and dam and greentree reservoir management on a riparian bottomland hardwood forest in southern Arkansas, USA, by monitoring stress, mortality, and regeneration of bottomland hardwood trees in 53 permanent sampling plots from 1987-1995. The lock and dam and greentree reservoir management have altered the timing, depth, and duration of flooding within the wetland forest. Evaluation of daily river stage data indicates that November overbank flooding (i.e. 0.3 m above normal pool) of 1 week duration occurred only 10 times from 1950 to 1995 and four of these occurrences were the result of artificial flooding of the greentree reservoir. Results of the vegetation study indicate that the five most common dominant and co-dominant species were overcup oak, water hickory, Nuttall oak, willow oak, and sweetgum. Mortality of willow oak exceeded that of all other species except Nuttall oak. Nuttall oak, willow oak, and water hickory had much higher percentages of dead trees concentrated within the dominant and co-dominant crown classes. Probit analysis indicated that differences in stress and mortality were due to a combination of flooding and stand competition. Overcup oak appears to exhibit very little stress regardless of crown class and elevation and, with few exceptions, had a significantly greater probability of occurring within lower stress classes than any other species. Only 22 new stems were recruited into the 5 cm diameter-at-breast height size class between 1990-1995 and of these, three were Nuttall oak, three were water hickory, and one was sweetgum. No recruitment into the 5 cm diameter-at-breast height size class occurred for overcup oak or willow oak. The results of the study suggest that the forest is progressing to a more water-tolerant community dominated by overcup oak. A conservative flooding strategy would minimize tree stress and maintain quality wildlife habitat within the forested wetland. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP King, SL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RI Allen, James/K-9141-2013 OI Allen, James/0000-0001-6459-5734 NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 28 PY 1998 VL 112 IS 3 BP 213 EP 226 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00344-2 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 155XR UT WOS:000077972200002 ER PT J AU Bailey, JD Mayrsohn, C Doescher, PS St Pierre, E Tappeiner, JC AF Bailey, JD Mayrsohn, C Doescher, PS St Pierre, E Tappeiner, JC TI Understory vegetation in old and young Douglas-fir forests of western Oregon SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE thinning; shrubs; herbaceous cover; exotic; old-growth; species richness; ordination ID SALAL GAULTHERIA-SHALLON; SPECIES COMPOSITION; BIOMASS; SUCCESSION; DIVERSITY; STANDS; COVER; AGE AB We studied understory composition in thinned and unthinned Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco)/western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) stands on 28 sites in western Oregon. These stands had regenerated naturally after timber harvest, 40-70 years before thinning. Commercial thinning had occurred 10-24 years previously, with 8-60% of the volume removed from below with the intent to homogenize spacing among trees. Undisturbed old-growth Douglas-fir stands were present for comparison on 18 of these sites. Total herbaceous cover was greater in thinned (25% cover) stands than in unthinned (13% cover) or old-growth (15% cover) stands. Species richness was also greater in thinned (137) than in unthinned (114) and old-growth (91) stands (P=0.05). Part of the increased richness was caused by the presence of exotic species in thinned stands, but there were also more native grass and nitrogen-fixing species in thinned stands than in unthinned or old-growth stands. Groups of species differed among stand-types. For example, the frequency of tall cordate-leaved species was greater in old-growth stands (P = 0.009), but their relative cover was different only between old-growth and unthinned stands (P = 0.08). Both the cover and frequency of grasses and sedges in thinned stands were greater than in unthinned or old-growth stands (P less than or equal to 0.002), Ordination of shrub cover showed differences among old-growth and unthinned stands compared to thinned stands, mainly because of the amount of Gaultheria shallon Pursh and Polystichum munitum (Kaulf.) Presl in heavily thinned stands. Ordination of herbaceous community data showed that there were much stronger differences among sites than among stand-types. The lack of difference among stand-types demonstrates the resiliency of herbaceous communities to disturbance associated with past and current forest management. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USGS, Biol Resources Div, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDI, Bur Land Management, Eugene Dist Off, Eugene, OR 97440 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bailey, JD (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 32 TC 74 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 28 PY 1998 VL 112 IS 3 BP 289 EP 302 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00408-3 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 155XR UT WOS:000077972200009 ER PT J AU Rowan, LC AF Rowan, LC TI Analysis of simulated advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection (ASTER) radiometer data of the Iron Hill, Colorado, study area for mapping lithologies SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMALLY ALTERED ROCKS; IMAGING SPECTROMETER DATA; AVIRIS DATA; CALIFORNIA; REDUCTION; MINERALS; COMPLEX AB The advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection (ASTER) radiometer was designed to record reflected energy in nine channels with 15 or 30 m resolution, including stereoscopic images, and emitted energy in five channels with 90 m resolution from the NASA Earth Observing System AM1 platform. A simulated ASTER data set was produced for the Iron Hill, Colorado, study area by resampling calibrated, registered airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) data, and thermal infrared multispectral scanner (TIMS) data to the appropriate spatial and spectral parameters. A digital elevation model was obtained to simulate ASTER-derived topographic data. The main lithologic units in the area are granitic rocks and felsite into which a carbonatite stock and associated alkalic igneous rocks were intruded; these rocks are locally covered by Jurassic sandstone, Tertiary rhyolitic tuff, and colluvial deposits. Several methods were evaluated for mapping the main lithologic units, including the unsupervised classification and spectral curve-matching techniques. In the five thermal-infrared (TIR) channels, comparison of the results of linear spectral unmixing and unsupervised classification with published geologic maps showed that the main lithologic units were mapped, but large areas with moderate to dense tree cover were not mapped in the TIR data. Compared to TIMS data, simulated ASTER data permitted slightly less discrimination in the mafic alkalic rock series, and carbonatite was not mapped in the TIMS nor in the simulated ASTER TIR data. In the nine visible and near-infrared channels, unsupervised classification did not yield useful results, but both the spectral linear unmixing and the matched filter techniques produced useful results, including mapping calcitic and dolomitic carbonatite exposures, travertine in hot spring deposits, kaolinite in argillized sandstone and tuff, and muscovite in sericitized granite and felsite, as well as commonly occurring illite/muscovite. However, the distinction made in AVIRIS data between calcite and dolomite was not consistently feasible in the simulated ASTER data. Comparison of the lithologic information;produced by spectral analysis of the simulated ASTER data to a photogeologic interpretation of a simulated ASTER color image illustrates the high potential of spectral analysis of ASTER data to geologic interpretation. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS954, Reston, VA USA. RP US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS954, Reston, VA USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D24 BP 32291 EP 32306 DI 10.1029/98JD02118 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155VL UT WOS:000077967000058 ER PT J AU Tanaka, KL Dohm, JM Lias, JH Hare, TM AF Tanaka, KL Dohm, JM Lias, JH Hare, TM TI Erosional valleys in the Thaumasia region of Mars: Hydrothermal and seismic origins SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID GROUND ICE INTERACTIONS; SMALL MARTIAN VALLEYS; ELYSIUM PLANITIA; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; WATER; CHANNELS; RELEASE; SHEETS AB Analysis of erosional valleys, geologic materials and features, and topography through time in the Thaumasia region of Mars using co-registered digital spatial data sets reveals significant associations that relate to valley origin. Valleys tend to originate (1) on Noachian to Early Hesperian (stages I and 2) large volcanoes, (2) within 50-100 km of stages 1 and 2 rift systems, and (3) within 100 km of Noachian (stage 1) impact craters >50 km in diameter. These geologic preferences explain observations of higher valley-source densities (VSDs) in areas of higher elevations and regional slopes (>1 degrees) because the volcanoes, rifts, and craters form high, steep topography or occur in terrain of high relief. Other stage 1 and stage 2 high, steep terrains, however, do not show high VSDs. The tendency for valleys to concentrate near geologic features and the overall low drainage densities in Thaumasia compared to terrestrial surfaces rule out widespread precipitation as a major factor in valley formation (as is proposed in warm, wet climate scenarios) except perhaps during the Early Noachian, for which much of the geologic record has been obliterated. Instead, volcanoes and rifts may indicate the presence of shallow crustal intrusions that could lead to local hydrothermal circulation, melting of ground ice and snow, and groundwater sapping. However, impact-crater melt would provide a heat source at the surface that might drive away water, forming valleys in the process. Post-stage I craters mostly have low nearby VSDs, which, for valleys incised in older rocks, suggests burial by ejecta and, for younger valleys, may indicate desiccation of near-surface water and deepening of the cryosphere. Later Hesperian and Amazonian (stages 3 and 4) valleys originate within 100-200 fun of three young, large impact craters and near rifts systems at Warrego Valles and the southern part of Coprates rise. These valleys likely developed when the cryosphere was a couple kilometers or more thick, inhibiting valley development by hydrothermal circulation, However, eruption of,groundwater may have occurred from impact-induced fracturing and lateral and perhaps minor upward transport of water due to seismic pumping. The two smaller craters formed along the plateau margin where the highest potential hydraulic head would occur in aquifers beneath the plateau. In the case of the larger crater (Lowell, 200 km in diameter), potential aquifers would likely be at depths of kilometers below the cryosphere; Seismic energy generated by the Lowell impactor would have been much greater, pumping both groundwater and perhaps fluidized slurry to the surface from beneath the cryosphere to form the young valleys and flow deposit. Along the margin of Thaumasia, tectonic pressurization of groundwater also may have contributed to valley formation. Dissection of rim materials of the Argyre impact may relate to tectonic activity and the unconsolidated state of basin ejecta. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Tanaka, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM ktanaka@flagmail.wr.usgs.gov RI Dohm, James/A-3831-2014; OI Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X NR 39 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 25 PY 1998 VL 103 IS E13 BP 31407 EP 31419 DI 10.1029/98JE01599 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 154QU UT WOS:000077900600007 ER PT J AU Lovley, DR Anderson, RT Chapelle, FH AF Lovley, DR Anderson, RT Chapelle, FH TI Hydrogen chemistry of basalt aquifers - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Lovley, DR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 18 PY 1998 VL 282 IS 5397 BP 2196 EP 2196 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 150CR UT WOS:000077645800023 ER PT J AU Tian, HQ Melillo, JM Kicklighter, DW McGuire, AD Helfrich, JVK Moore, B Vorosmarty, CJ AF Tian, HQ Melillo, JM Kicklighter, DW McGuire, AD Helfrich, JVK Moore, B Vorosmarty, CJ TI Effect of interannual climate variability on carbon storage in Amazonian ecosystems SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID BRAZILIAN AMAZON; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; BIOMASS; FORESTS; FLUXES; BASIN AB The Amazon Basin contains almost one-half of the world's undisturbed tropical evergreen forest as well as large areas of tropical savanna(1,2). The forests account for about 10 per cent of the world's terrestrial primary productivity and for a similar fraction of the carbon stored in land ecosystems(2,3), and short-term held measurements' suggest that these ecosystems are globally important carbon sinks. But tropical land ecosystems have experienced substantial interannual climate variability owing to frequent El Nino episodes in recent decades(5). Of particular importance to climate change policy is how such climate variations, coupled with increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration, affect terrestrial carbon storage(6-8). Previous model analyses have demonstrated the importance of temperature in controlling carbon storage(9,10). Here we use a transient process-based biogeochemical model of terrestrial ecosystems(3,11) to investigate interannual variations of carbon storage in undisturbed Amazonian ecosystems in response to climate variability and increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration during the period 1980 to 1994. In El Nino years, which bring hot, dry weather to much of the Amazon region, the ecosystems act as a source of carbon to the atmosphere (up to 0.2 petagrams of carbon in 1987 and 1992). In other years, these ecosystems act as a carbon sink (up to 0.7 Pg C in 1981 and 1993). These fluxes are large; they compare to a 0.3 Pg C per year source to the atmosphere associated with deforestation in the Amazon Basin in the early 1990s(12). Soil moisture, which is affected by both precipitation and temperature, and which affects both plant and soil processes, appears to be an important central on carbon storage. C1 Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Alaska, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Tian, HQ (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI Mitchard, Edward/C-6346-2009; Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012 OI Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091 NR 28 TC 259 Z9 318 U1 7 U2 69 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 17 PY 1998 VL 396 IS 6712 BP 664 EP 667 DI 10.1038/25328 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 150YT UT WOS:000077694200050 ER PT J AU Pankow, JF Luo, WT Isabelle, LM Bender, DA Baker, RJ AF Pankow, JF Luo, WT Isabelle, LM Bender, DA Baker, RJ TI Determination of a wide range of volatile organic compounds in ambient air using multisorbent adsorption/thermal desorption and gas chromatography mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MONITORING TOXIC VOCS; INDOOR AIR; SOLID ADSORBENTS; TRACE GASES; TENAX-TA; CANISTERS; STORAGE; COLLECTION; POLLUTANTS; CARBOTRAP AB Adsorption/thermal desorption with multisorbent air-sampling cartridges was developed for the determination of 87 method analytes including halogenated alkanes, halogenated alkenes, ethers, alcohols, nitriles, esters, ketones, aromatics, a disulfide, and a furan, The volatilities of the compounds ranged from that of dichlorofluoromethane (CFC12) to that of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene. The eight most volatile compounds were determined using a 1,5-L air sample and a sample cartridge containing 50 mg of Carbotrap B and 280 mg of Carboxen 1000; the remaining 79 compounds were determined using a 5-L air sample and a cartridge containing 180 mg of Carbotrap B and 70 mg of Carboxen 1000, Analysis and detection were by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, The minimum detectable level (MDL) concentration values ranged from 0.01 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) for chlorobenzene to 0.4 ppbv for bromomethane; most of the MDL values were in the range 0.02-0.06 ppbv, No breakthrough was detected with the prescribed sample volumes. Analyte stability on the cartridges was very good. Excellent recoveries were obtained with independent check standards. Travel spike recoveries ranged from 90 to 110% for 72 of the 87 compounds. The recoveries were less than 70% for bromomethane and chloroethene and for a few compounds such as methyl acetate that are subject to losses by hydrolysis; the lowest travel spike recovery was obtained for bromomethane (62%), Blank values for all compounds were either below detection or very low. Ambient atmospheric sampling was conducted in New Jersey from April to December, 1997, Three sites characterized by low, moderate, and high densities of urbanization/traffic were sampled. The median detected concentrations of the compounds were either similar at all three sites (as with the chlorofluorocarbon compounds) or increased with the density of urbanization/traffic (as with dichloromethane, MTBE, benzene, and toluene), For toluene, the median detected concentrations were 0.23, 0.42, and 0.70 ppbv at the three sites. Analytical precision was measured using duplicate sampling. As expected, the precision deteriorated with decreasing concentration, At concentrations greater than 0.2 ppbv, most duplicates differed by less than 20%; below the MDL values, the differences between the duplicates were larger, but they were still typically less than 40%. C1 Oregon Grad Inst, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Portland, OR 97291 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. RP Pankow, JF (reprint author), Oregon Grad Inst, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, POB 91000, Portland, OR 97291 USA. NR 34 TC 64 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 70 IS 24 BP 5213 EP 5221 DI 10.1021/ac980481t PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 148TY UT WOS:000077550100016 ER PT J AU Krueger, CJ Radakovich, KM Sawyer, TE Barber, LB Smith, RL Field, JA AF Krueger, CJ Radakovich, KM Sawyer, TE Barber, LB Smith, RL Field, JA TI Biodegradation of the surfactant linear alkylbenzenesulfonate in sewage-contaminated groundwater: A comparison of column experiments and field tracer tests SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INJECTION-PORT DERIVATIZATION; AQUIFER SEDIMENTS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; CAPE-COD; SULFONATE; FATE; MASS; SAND; DENITRIFICATION; ENVIRONMENT AB Transport and biodegradation of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) in sewage-contaminated groundwater were investigated for a range of dissolved oxygen concentrations. Both laboratory column and an 80-day continuous injection tracer test field experiments were conducted. The rates of LAS biodegradation increased with increasing dissolved oxygen concentrations and indicated the preferential biodegradation of the longer alkyl chain LAS homologues (i.e., C-12 and C-13) and external isomers (i.e., 2- and 3-phenyl). However, for similar dissolved oxygen concentrations, mass removal rates for LAS generally were 2-3 times greater in laboratory column experiments than in the field tracer test. Under low oxygen conditions (<1 mg/L) only a fraction of the LAS mixture biodegraded in both laboratory and field experiments. Biodegradation rate constants for the continuous injection field test (0.002-0.08 day(-1)) were comparable to those estimated for a 3-h injection (pulsed) tracer test conducted under similar biogeochemical conditions, indicating that increasing the exposure time of aquifer sediments to LAS did not increase biodegradation rates. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Field, JA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125 NR 36 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 24 BP 3954 EP 3961 DI 10.1021/es9803456 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 148YD UT WOS:000077561200017 ER PT J AU Hui, CA Beyer, WN AF Hui, CA Beyer, WN TI Sediment ingestion of two sympatric shorebird species SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE shorebirds; black-bellied plover; Pluvialis squatarola; Willet; Catoptrophorus semipalmatus; soil ingestion; sympatric ID LEAD; SOIL AB Black-bellied plovers (Pluvialis squatarola) have short bills and primarily peck while foraging whereas Willets (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) have long bills and primarily probe with bills open in sediments. Intestinal digesta were collected from these species at sympatric overwintering sites in southern California near San Diego to relate sediment ingestion to bill length and feeding behavior. Plover digesta contained an estimated 29% sediment, and Willet digesta an estimated 3% sediment. Techniques based on acid insoluble ash and on the elemental markers of Al, Fe, and Ti in digesta provided similar results. High Ca concentrations in Willet digesta along with our observations suggested that the Willets in our sample fed primarily on molluscs and crustaceans. Sediment ingestion may be species-specific, not necessarily linked to bill length or probing behaviors, and may greatly affect a bird's exposure to environmental contaminants in sediment. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USGS Biol Resources Div, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. Patuxent Environm Sci Ctr, USGS Biol Resources Div, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Hui, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USGS Biol Resources Div, Kerr Hall 278,1 Shields Ave, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 11 PY 1998 VL 224 IS 1-3 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00361-1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 160MG UT WOS:000078234000024 ER PT J AU Zhang, J ten Brink, US Toksoz, MN AF Zhang, J ten Brink, US Toksoz, MN TI Nonlinear refraction and reflection travel time tomography SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; CONJUGATE GRADIENTS; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; INVERSE PROBLEMS; VELOCITY AB We develop a rapid nonlinear travel time tomography method that simultaneously inverts refraction and reflection travel times on a regular velocity grid. For travel time and ray path calculations, we apply a wave front method employing graph theory. The first-arrival refraction travel times are calculated on the basis of cell velocities, and the later refraction and reflection travel times are computed using both cell velocities and given interfaces. We solve a regularized nonlinear inverse problem. A Laplacian operator is applied to regularize the model parameters (cell slownesses and reflector geometry) so that the inverse problem is valid for a continuum. The travel times are also regularized such that we invert travel time curves rather than travel time points. A conjugate gradient method is applied to minimize the nonlinear objective function. After obtaining a solution, we perform nonlinear Monte Carlo inversions for uncertainty analysis and compute the posterior model covariance. In numerical experiments, we demonstrate that combining the first arrival refraction travel times with later reflection travel times can better reconstruct the velocity field as well as the reflector geometry. This combination is particularly important for modeling crustal structures where large velocity variations occur in the upper crust. We apply this approach to model the crustal structure of the California Borderland using ocean bottom seismometer and land data collected during the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment along two marine survey lines. Details of our image include a high-velocity zone under the Catalina Ridge, but a smooth gradient zone between Catalina Ridge and San Clemente Ridge. The Moho depth is about 22 km with lateral variations. C1 MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Earth Resources Lab, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. US Geol Survey, Atlantic Marine Geol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), GeoTomo LLC, 225 S Boulder Rd, Louisville, CO 80027 USA. EM jie@geotomo.com; tenbrink@nobska.er.usgs.gov; nafi@erl.mit.edu RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 NR 57 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 10 PY 1998 VL 103 IS B12 BP 29743 EP 29757 DI 10.1029/98JB01981 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 155VK UT WOS:000077966900001 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Freymueller, JT AF Lu, Z Freymueller, JT TI Synthetic aperture radar interferometry coherence analysis over Katmai volcano group, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID ICE-SHEET MOTION; SAR INTERFEROMETRY; LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; KILAUEA VOLCANO; CALIFORNIA; DEFORMATION; GREENLAND; VALLEY; HAWAII; FIELD AB The feasibility of measuring volcanic deformation or monitoring deformation of active volcanoes using space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry depends on the ability to maintain phase coherence over appropriate time intervals. Using ERS 1 C band ( lambda = 5.66 cm) SAR imagery, we studied the seasonal and temporal changes of the interferometric SAR coherence for fresh lava, weathered lava, tephra with weak water reworking, tephra with strong water reworking, and fluvial deposits representing the range of typical volcanic surface materials in the Katmai volcano group, Alaska. For interferograms based on two passes with 35 days separation taken during the same summer season, we found that coherence increases after early June, reaches a peak between the middle of July and the middle of September, and finally decreases until the middle of November when coherence is completely lost for all five sites. Fresh lava has the highest coherence, followed by either weathered lava or fluvial deposits. These surfaces maintain relatively high levels of coherence for periods up to the length of the summer season, Coherence degrades more rapidly with time for surfaces covered with tephra. For images taken in different summers, only the lavas maintained coherence well enough to provide useful interferometric images, but we found only a small reduction in coherence after the first year for surfaces with lava. Measurement of volcanic deformation is possible using summer images spaced a few years apart, as long as the surface is dominated by lavas. Our studies suggest that in order to make volcanic monitoring feasible along the Aleutian are or other regions with similar climatic conditions, observation intervals of the satellite with C band SAR should be at least every month from July through September, every week during the late spring/early summer or late fall, and every 2-3 days during the winter. C1 USGS, EROS, Ctr Data, Raytheon STX Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), USGS, EROS, Ctr Data, Raytheon STX Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM lu@edcmail.cr.usgs.gov; jeff@giseis.alaska.edu NR 23 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 10 PY 1998 VL 103 IS B12 BP 29887 EP 29894 DI 10.1029/98JB02410 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 155VK UT WOS:000077966900009 ER PT J AU Houston, H Benz, HM Vidale, JE AF Houston, H Benz, HM Vidale, JE TI Time functions of deep earthquakes from broadband and short-period stacks SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID FOCUS EARTHQUAKES; SOURCE PARAMETERS; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; NUCLEATION PHASE; DESCENDING SLAB; P-WAVES; RUPTURE; MECHANISM; LITHOSPHERE; INSTABILITIES AB To constrain dynamic source properties of deep earthquakes, we have systematically constructed broadband time functions of deep earthquakes by stacking and scaling teleseismic P waves from U.S. National Seismic Network, TERRAscope, and Berkeley Digital Seismic Network broadband stations. We examined 42 earthquakes with depths from 100 to 660 km that occurred between July 1, 1992 and July 31, 1995. To directly compare time functions, or to group them by size, depth, or region, it is essential to scale them to remove the effect of moment, which varies by more than 3 orders of magnitude for these events. For each event we also computed short-period stacks of P waves recorded by west coast regional arrays. The comparison of broadband with short-period stacks yields a considerable advantage, enabling more reliable measurement of event duration. A more accurate estimate of the duration better constrains the scaling procedure to remove the effect of moment, producing scaled time functions with both correct timing and amplitude. We find only subtle differences in the broadband time-function shape with moment, indicating successful scaling and minimal effects of attenuation at the periods considered here. The average shape of the envelopes of the short-period stacks is very similar to the average broadband time function. The main variations seen with depth are (1) a mild decrease in duration with increasing depth, (2) greater asymmetry in the time functions of intermediate events compared to deep ones, and (3) unexpected complexity and late moment release for events between 350 and 550 km, with seven of the eight events in that depth interval displaying markedly more complicated time functions with more moment release late in the rupture than most events above or below. The first two results are broadly consistent with our previous studies, while the third is reported here for the first time. The greater complexity between 350 and 550 km suggests greater heterogeneity in the failure process in that depth range. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Houston, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, 595 Circle Dr E, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM hhouston@ess.ucla.edu; benz@gldfs.cr.usgs.gov; vidale@ucla.edu RI Vidale, John/H-4965-2011 OI Vidale, John/0000-0002-3658-818X NR 45 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 10 PY 1998 VL 103 IS B12 BP 29895 EP 29913 DI 10.1029/98JB02135 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 155VK UT WOS:000077966900010 ER PT J AU Bijwaard, H Spakman, W Engdahl, ER AF Bijwaard, H Spakman, W Engdahl, ER TI Closing the gap between regional and global travel time tomography SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE; SUBDUCTED LITHOSPHERE; NORTHWEST PACIFIC; TRENCH MIGRATION; UPPER MANTLE; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; STRUCTURE BENEATH; ISLAND ARCS; INVERSION; RESOLUTION AB Recent global travel time tomography studies by Zhou [1996] and van der Hilst ct al. [1997] have been performed with cell parameterizations of the order of those frequently used in regional tomography studies (i.e., with cell sizes of 1 degrees-2 degrees). These new global models constitute a considerable improvement over previous results that were obtained with rather coarse parameterizations (5 degrees cells). The inferred structures are, however, of larger scale than is usually obtained in regional models, and it is not clear where and if individual cells are actually resolved. This study aims at resolving lateral heterogeneity on scales as small as 0.6 degrees in the upper mantle and 1.2 degrees-3 degrees in the lower mantle. This allows for the adequate mapping of expected small-scale structures induced by, for example, lithosphere subduction, deep mantle upwellings, and mid-ocean ridges. There are three major contributions that allow for this advancement. First, we employ an irregular grid of nonoverlapping cells adapted to the heterogeneous sampling of the Earth's mantle by seismic waves [Spakman and Bijwaard, 1998]. Second, we exploit the global data set of Engdahl et al. [1998], which is a reprocessed version of the global data set of the International Seismological Centre. Their reprocessing included hypocenter redetermination and phase reidentification. Finally, we combine all data used (P, pP, and pwP phases) into nearly 5 million ray bundles with a limited spatial extent such that averaging over large mantle volumes is prevented while the signal-to-noise ratio is improved. In the approximate solution of the huge inverse problem we obtain a variance reduction of 57.1%. Synthetic sensitivity tests indicate horizontal resolution on the scale of the smallest cells (0.6 degrees or 1.2 degrees) in the shallow parts of subduction zones decreasing to approximately 2 degrees-3 degrees resolution in well-sampled regions in the lower mantle. Vertical resolution can be worse (up to several hundreds of kilometers) in subduction zones with rays predominantly pointing along dip. Important features of the solution are as follows: 100-200 km thick high-velocity slabs beneath all major subduction zones, sometimes flattening in the transition zone and sometimes directly penetrating into the lower mantle; large high-velocity anomalies in the lower mantle that have been attributed to subduction of the Tethys ocean and the Farallon plate; and low-velocity anomalies continuing across the 660 km discontinuity to hotspots at the surface under Iceland, east Africa, the Canary Islands, Yellowstone, and the Society Islands. Our findings corroborate that the 660 km boundary may resist but not prevent (present day) large-scale mass transfer from upper to lower mantle or vice versa. This observation confirms the results of previous, global mantle studies that employed coarser parameterizations. C1 Univ Utrecht, Fac Earth Sci, Vening Meinesz Sch Geodynam, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bijwaard, H (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Fac Earth Sci, Vening Meinesz Sch Geodynam, Budapestlaan 4,POB 80021, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM bijwaard@geo.uu.nl; wims@geo.uu.nl; engdahl@gldfs.cr.usgs.gov NR 66 TC 573 Z9 600 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 10 PY 1998 VL 103 IS B12 BP 30055 EP 30078 DI 10.1029/98JB02467 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 155VK UT WOS:000077966900019 ER PT J AU Peltzer, G Rosen, P Rogez, F Hudnut, K AF Peltzer, G Rosen, P Rogez, F Hudnut, K TI Poroelastic rebound along the Landers 1992 earthquake surface rupture SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID 28 JUNE 1992; DIFFERENTIAL RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; PORE FLUID-FLOW; MOJAVE-DESERT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS; HALF-SPACE AB Maps of surface displacement following the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake, generated by interferometric processing of ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, reveal effects of various postseismic deformation processes along the 1992 surface rupture. The large-scale pattern of the postseismic displacement field includes large lobes, mostly visible on the west side of the fault, comparable in shape with the lobes observed in the coseismic displacement field. This pattern and the steep displacement gradient observed near the Emerson-Camp Rock fault cannot be simply explained by afterslip on deep sections of the 1992 rupture. Models show that horizontal slip occurring on a buried dislocation in a Poisson's material produces a characteristic quadripole pattern in the surface displacement field with several centimeters of vertical motion at distances of 10-20 km from the fault, yet this pattern is not observed in the postseismic interferograms. As previously proposed to explain local strain in the fault step overs [Peltzer er al., 1996b], we argue that poroelastic rebound caused by pore fluid flow may also occur over greater distances from the fault, compensating the vertical ground shift produced by fault afterslip. Such a rebound is explained by the gradual change of the crustal rocks' Poisson's ration value from undrained (coseismic) to drained (postseismic) conditions as pore pressure gradients produced by the earthquake dissipate. Using the Poisson's ratio values of 0.27 and 0.31 for the drained and undrained crustal rocks, respectively, elastic dislocation models show that the combined contributions of afterslip on deep sections of the fault and poroelastic rebound can account for the range change observed in the SAR data and the horizontal displacement measured at Global Positioning System (GPS) sites along a 60-km-long transect across the Emerson fault [Savage and Svarc, 1997]. Using a detailed surface slip distribution on the Homestead Valley, Kickapoo, and Johnson Valley faults, we modeled the poroelastic rebound in the Homestead Valley pull apart. A Poisson's ratio value: Of 0.35 for the undrained gouge rocks in the fault zone is required to for the observed surface uplift in the 3.5 years following the earthquake. This large value implies a seismic velocity ratio V-p/V-s of 2.1, consistent with the observed low V-s values of fault zone guided waves at shallow depth [Li et al., 1997]. The SAR data also reveal postseismic creep along shallow patches of the Eureka Peak and Burnt Mountain faults with a characteristic decay time of 0.8 years. Coseismic, dilatant hardening (locking process) followed by post-seismic, pore pressure controlled fault creep provide a plausible mechanism to account for the decay time of the observed slip rate along this section of the fault. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 300-233, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM gilles@altyn.jpl.nasa.gov RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Hudnut, Kenneth/G-5713-2010 OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; NR 60 TC 164 Z9 171 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 10 PY 1998 VL 103 IS B12 BP 30131 EP 30145 DI 10.1029/98JB02302 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 155VK UT WOS:000077966900023 ER PT J AU Saffer, DM Bekins, BA AF Saffer, DM Bekins, BA TI Episodic fluid flow in the Nankai accretionary complex: Timescale, geochemistry, flow rates, and fluid budget SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC-REFLECTION DATA; PHILIPPINE SEA PLATE; PRISMS; PERMEABILITY; PRESSURES; FAULT; ZONE; WEDGES; MODELS; HYDROFRACTURE AB Down-hole geochemical anomalies encountered in active accretionary systems can be used to constrain the timing, rates, and localization of fluid flow. Here we combine a coupled flow and solute transport model with a kinetic model for smectite dehydration to better understand and quantify fluid flow in the Nankai accretionary complex offshore of Japan. Compaction of sediments and clay dehydration provide fluid sources which drive the model flow system. We explicitly include the consolidation rate of underthrust sediments in our calculations to evaluate the impact that variations in this unknown quantity have on pressure and chloride distribution. Sensitivity analysis of steady state pressure solutions constrains bulk and flow conduit permeabilities. Steady state simulations with 30% smectite in the incoming sedimentary sequence result in minimum chloride concentrations at site 808 of 550 mM, but measured chlorinity is as low as 447 mM. We simulate the transient effects of hydrofracture or a strain event by assuming an instantaneous permeability increase of 3-4 orders of magnitude along a flow conduit (in this case the decollement), using steady state results as initial conditions. Transient results with an increase in decollement permeability from 10(-16) m(2) to 10(-13) m(2) and 20% smectite reproduce the observed chloride profile at site 808 after 80-160 kyr. Modeled chloride concentrations are highly sensitive to the consolidation rate of underthrust sediments, such that rapid compaction of underthrust material leads to increased freshening. Pressures within the decollement during transient simulations rise rapidly to a significant fraction of lithostatic and remain high for at least 160 kyr, providing a mechanism for maintaining high permeability. Flow rates at the deformation front for transient simulations are in good agreement with direct measurements, but steady state flow rates are 2-3 orders of magnitude smaller than observed. Fluid budget calculations indicate that nearly 71% of the incoming water in the sediments leaves the accretionary wedge via diffuse flow out the seafloor, 0-5% escapes by focused flow along the decollement, and roughly 1% is subducted. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Saffer, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM dsaffer@earthsci.ucsc.edu; babekins@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 10 PY 1998 VL 103 IS B12 BP 30351 EP 30370 DI 10.1029/98JB01983 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 155VK UT WOS:000077966900036 ER PT J AU Allen, CD Breshears, DD AF Allen, CD Breshears, DD TI Drought-induced shift of a forest-woodland ecotone: Rapid landscape response to climate variation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS; RECORD; TIME; LAGS AB In coming decades, global climate changes are expected to produce large shifts in vegetation distributions at unprecedented rates. These shifts are expected to be most rapid and extreme at ecotones, the boundaries between ecosystems, particularly those in semiarid landscapes. However, current models do not adequately provide for such rapid effects-particularly those caused by mortality-largely because of the lack of data from field studies. Here we report the most rapid landscape-scale shift of a woody ecotone ever documented: in northern New Mexico in the 1950s, the ecotone between semiarid ponderosa pine forest and pinon-juniper woodland shifted extensively (2 km or more) and rapidly (<5 years) through mortality of ponderosa pines in response to a severe drought. This shift has persisted for 40 years. Forest patches within the shift zone became much more fragmented, and soil erosion greatly accelerated. The rapidity and the complex dynamics of the persistent shift point to the need to represent more accurately these dynamics, especially the mortality factor, in assessments of the effects of climate change. C1 US Geol Survey, Jemenz Mt Field Stn, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Allen, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Jemenz Mt Field Stn, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, HCR 1,Box 1,15, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM craig_allen@usgs.gov; daveb@lanl.gov RI Breshears, David/B-9318-2009 OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058 NR 48 TC 481 Z9 503 U1 14 U2 149 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 8 PY 1998 VL 95 IS 25 BP 14839 EP 14842 DI 10.1073/pnas.95.25.14839 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 146NJ UT WOS:000077436700046 PM 9843976 ER PT J AU Sanford, WE Whitaker, FF Smart, PL Jones, G AF Sanford, WE Whitaker, FF Smart, PL Jones, G TI Numerical analysis of seawater circulation in carbonate platforms: I. Geothermal convection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FLUID-FLOW; ENEWETAK ATOLL; DOLOMITIZATION; ORIGIN; REAPPRAISAL; DOLOMITE; BASINS; BANK AB Differences in fluid density between cold ocean water and warm ground water can drive the circulation of seawater through carbonate platforms. circulating water can be the major source of dissolved constituents for diagenetic reactions such as dolomitization, This study was undertaken to investigate the conditions under which such circulation can occur and to determine which factors control both the nux and the patterns of fluid circulation and temperature distribution, given the expected ranges of those factors in nature. Results indicate that the magnitude and distribution of permeability within a carbonate platform are the most important parameters. Depending on the values of horizontal and vertical permeability, heat transport within a platform can occur by one of three mechanisms: conduction, forced convection, or free convection, Depth-dependent relations for porosity and permeability in carbonate platforms suggest circulation may decrease rapidly with depth, The fluid properties of density and viscosity are controlled primarily by their dependency on temperature. The bulk thermal conductivity of the rocks within the platform affects the conductive regime to some extent, especially if evaporite minerals are present within the section. Platform geometry has only a second-order effect on circulation. The relative position of sealevel can create surface conditions that range from exposed (with a fresh-water lens present) to shallow water (with hypersaline conditions created by evaporation in constricted now conditions) to submerged or drowned (with free surface water circulation), but these boundary conditions and associated ocean temperature profiles have only a second-order effect on fluid circulation. Deep, convective circulation can be caused by horizontal temperature gradients and can occur even at depths below the ocean bottom. Temperature data from deep holes in the Florida and Bahama platforms suggest that geothermal circulation is actively occurring today to depths as great as several kilometers. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Geol Sci, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. RP Sanford, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 53 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU KLINE GEOLOGY LABORATORY PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 298 IS 10 BP 801 EP 828 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 171MG UT WOS:000078867200001 ER PT J AU Coates, JD Councell, T Ellis, DJ Lovley, DR AF Coates, JD Councell, T Ellis, DJ Lovley, DR TI Carbohydrate oxidation coupled to Fe(III) reduction, a novel form of anaerobic metabolism SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE glucose-oxidizing; Fe(III) reduction; Fe(III)-reducer; Shewanella; facultative ID ORGANIC-MATTER MINERALIZATION; SP-NOV; DISSIMILATORY FE(III); PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; RENATURATION RATES; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; FERRIC IRON; MICROORGANISM; MANGANESE AB An isolate, designated GC-29, that could incompletely oxidize glucose to acetate and carbon dioxide with Fe(III) serving as the electron acceptor was recovered from freshwater sediments of the Potomac River, Maryland. This metabolism yielded energy to support cell growth. Strain GC-29 is a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative motile rod which, in addition to glucose, also used sucrose, lactate, pyruvate, yeast extract, casamino acids or H-2 as alternative electron donors for Fe(III) reduction. Stain GC-29 could reduce NO3-, Mn(IV), U(VI), fumarate, malate, S2O32-, and colloidal S-0 as well as the humics analog, 2,6-anthraquinone disulfonate. Analysis of the almost complete 16S rRNA sequence indicated that strain GC-29 belongs in the Shewanella genus in the epsilon subdivision of the Proteobacteria. The name Shewanella saccharophilia is proposed. Shewanella saccharophilia differs from previously described fermentative microorganisms that metabolize glucose with the reduction of Fe(III) because it transfers significantly more electron equivalents to Fe(III); acetate and carbon dioxide are the only products of glucose metabolism; energy is conserved from Fe(LII) reduction; and glucose is not metabolized in the absence of Fe(III). The metabolism of organisms like S, saccharophilia may account for the fact that glucose is metabolized primarily to acetate and carbon dioxide in a variety of sediments in which Fe(III) reduction is the terminal electron accepting process. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Microbiol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Coates, JD (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Microbiol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD DEC PY 1998 VL 4 IS 6 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1006/anae.1998.0172 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 218BY UT WOS:000081534400004 PM 16887653 ER PT J AU Goodwin, KD Schaefer, JK Oremland, RS AF Goodwin, KD Schaefer, JK Oremland, RS TI Bacterial oxidation of dibromomethane and methyl bromide in natural waters and enrichment cultures SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHANOTROPHIC BACTERIA; COUNTING BACTERIA; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SP-NOV; DEGRADATION; PACIFIC; CH2BR2; CH3BR; SOILS; CALIFORNIA AB Bacterial oxidation of (CH2Br2)-C-14 and (CH3Br)-C-14 was measured in freshwater, estuarine, seawater, and hypersaline-alkaline samples. In general, bacteria from the various sites oxidized similar amounts of (CH2Br2)-C-14 and comparatively less (CH3Br)-C-14. Bacterial oxidation of (CH3Br)-C-14 was rapid in freshwater samples compared to bacterial oxidation of (CH3Br)-C-14 in more saline waters. Freshwater was also the only site in which methyl fluoride-sensitive bacteria (e.g., methanotrophs or nitrifiers) governed brominated methane oxidation. Half-life calculations indicated that bacterial oxidation of CH2Br2 aas potentially significant in all of the waters tested. In contrast, only in freshwater was bacterial oxidation of CH3Br as fast as chemical removal. The values calculated for more saline sites suggested that bacterial oxidation of CH3Br was relatively slow compared to chemical and physical loss mechanisms. However, enrichment cultures demonstrated that bacteria in seawater can rapidly oxidize brominated methanes. Two distinct cultures of nonmethanotrophic methylotrophs were recovered; one of these cultures was able to utilize CH3Br2 as a sole carbon source, and the other was able to utilize CH3Br as a sole carbon source. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Goodwin, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 480, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. EM kgoodwin@usgs.gov RI Goodwin, Kelly/B-4985-2014 OI Goodwin, Kelly/0000-0001-9583-8073 NR 45 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 64 IS 12 BP 4629 EP 4636 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 145XB UT WOS:000077396700001 ER PT J AU Blum, JS Bindi, AB Buzzelli, J Stolz, JF Oremland, RS AF Blum, JS Bindi, AB Buzzelli, J Stolz, JF Oremland, RS TI Bacillus arsenicoselenatis, sp nov, and Bacillus selenitireducens, sp nov: two haloalkaliphiles from Mono Lake, California that respire oxyanions of selenium and arsenic SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JOAQUIN DRAINAGE WATER; THAUERA-SELENATIS; GEN-NOV; ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION; ELEMENTAL SELENIUM; STRAIN SES-3; REDUCTION; SEDIMENTS; BACTERIA; MEROMIXIS AB Two gram-positive anaerobic bacteria (strains E1H and MLS10) were isolated from the anoxic muds of Mono Lake, California, an alkaline, hypersaline, arsenic-rich water body. Both grew by dissimilatory reduction of As(V) to As(III) with the concomitant oxidation of lactate to acetate plus CO2. Bacillus arsenicoselenatis (strain E1H) is a spore-forming rod that also grew by dissimilatory reduction of Se(VI) to Se(IV). Bacillus selenitire-ducens (strain MLS10) is a short, non-spore-forming rod that grew by dissimilatory reduction of Se(IV) to Se(0). When the two isolates were cocultured, a complete reduction of Se(VI) to Se(0) was achieved. Both isolates are alkaliphiles and had optimal specific growth rates in the pH range of 8.5-10. Strain E1H had a salinity optimum at 60 g l(-1) NaCl, while strain MLS10 had optimal growth at lower salinities (24-60 g l(-1) NaCl). Both strains have limited abilities to grow with electron donors and accepters other than those given above. Strain MLS IO demonstrated weak growth as a microaerophile and was also capable of fermentative growth on glucose, while strain E1H is a strict anaerobe. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed the two isolates with other Bacillus spp. in the low G+C gram-positive group of bacteria. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Daquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 480,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM roremlan@usgs.gov RI 张, 楠/B-1010-2010 NR 68 TC 183 Z9 193 U1 5 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0302-8933 EI 1432-072X J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 171 IS 1 BP 19 EP 30 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 150FC UT WOS:000077652200004 ER PT J AU Konyukhov, NB Bogoslovskaya, LS Zvonov, BH Van Pelt, TI AF Konyukhov, NB Bogoslovskaya, LS Zvonov, BH Van Pelt, TI TI Seabirds of the Chukotka Peninsula, Russia SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Chukotka; Russia; seabirds; marine birds; colony; census; population status ID COLONY ATTENDANCE; FULMARUS-GLACIALIS; ALASKA; AUKLETS; ISLAND; PATTERNS; LEAST AB We conducted seabird surveys along the entire coast of the Chukotka Peninsula (northwestern Siberia, Russia) from 1983 to 1991. We present the first comprehensive descriptions of the distribution and size of Chukotkan seabird colonies. Thirteen species of seabirds were recorded breeding on the peninsula, with an additional 13 migrant or vagrant species, Our estimate that at least 3 300 000 seabirds breed on the Chukotka Peninsula demonstrates the importance of this region to arctic seabird populations, Colony size and species composition may be determined by availability of adequate breeding sites, access to foraging areas, and variable ice conditions. C1 Inst Ecol & Evolut, Lab Bird Ecol, Moscow 117071, Russia. US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Konyukhov, NB (reprint author), Inst Ecol & Evolut, Lab Bird Ecol, Leninskiy Pr 33, Moscow 117071, Russia. NR 68 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD DEC PY 1998 VL 51 IS 4 BP 315 EP 329 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 155XT UT WOS:000077972300003 ER PT J AU Pearce, JM Esler, D Degtyarev, AG AF Pearce, JM Esler, D Degtyarev, AG TI Birds of the Indigirka River Delta, Russia: Historical and biogeographic comparisons SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Arctic birds; Indigirka River; Russia; bird distribution; biogeography AB We documented the breeding status and relative abundance of all avian species on the coastal portion of the Indigirka River Delta during spring and summer 1993-95. Data on avifaunal composition were then compared to data from adjacent areas from Eastern Siberia to the Chukotka Peninsula to evaluate how species composition changes longitudinally within the arctic and typical tundra zones of northern Russia. We recorded 63 species on the Indigirka River Delta, 37 (58.7%) of which were confirmed breeders during at least one of the three years. Five new species were recorded breeding (Arenaria interpres, Calidris acuminata, Limnodromus scolopaceus, Stercorarius parasiticus, and Asio flammeus), and 13 previously unrecorded species were observed during this study. We also identified several species of rare or threatened status in Russia and North America, including Branta bernicla, Somateria fischeri, Polysticta stelleri, and Rhodostethia rosea. We used parsimony and distance matrix methods to compare the breeding species richness on the Indigirka River Delta to that of six other Russian Arctic areas. Biogeographic comparisons revealed the presence of two clades in the Russian Arctic: the Lena River Delta east to Chaun Delta and the Chukotka Peninsula. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Yakutsk Inst Biol, Ornithol Lab, Yakutsk 677891, Russia. RP Pearce, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD DEC PY 1998 VL 51 IS 4 BP 361 EP 370 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 155XT UT WOS:000077972300008 ER PT J AU Meyer, JS Boelter, AM Woodward, DF Goldstein, JN Farag, AM Hubert, WA AF Meyer, JS Boelter, AM Woodward, DF Goldstein, JN Farag, AM Hubert, WA TI Relationships between boron concentrations and trout in the Firehole River, Wyoming - Historical information and preliminary results of a field study SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE brown trout; condition factor; creel census; growth; migration; population density; rainbow trout; snorkeling; spawning; water chemistry ID RAINBOW AB The Firehole River (FHR) in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) is a world-renowned recreational fishery that predominantly includes rainbow trout (RBT, Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (BNT, Salmo trutta). The trout populations apparently are closed to immigration and have been self-sustaining since 1955. Inputs from hot springs and geysers increase the temperature and mineral content of the water, including elevating the boron (B) concentrations to a maximum of similar to 1 mg B/L. Both RBT and BNT reside in warm-water reaches, except when the water is extremely warm (greater than or equal to similar to 25 degrees C) during midsummer. They spawn in late fall and early winter, with documented spawning of BNT in the cold-water reach upstream from the Upper Geyser Basin and of RBT in the Lower Geyser Basin reach, where water temperatures presumably are the warmest; however, successful recruitment of RBT in waters containing similar to 1 mg B/L has not been demonstrated conclusively. Thus, we began investigating the relationships among temperature, B concentrations, other water-quality parameters, and the distribution and reproduction of trout in the FHR in spring 1997. However, atypical high water flows and concomitant lower than historical temperatures and B concentrations during summer 1997 preclude conclusions about avoidance of high B concentrations. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Midwest Sci Ctr, Jackson Field Stn, Jackson, WY USA. Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Wyoming Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Meyer, JS (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 66 IS 1-3 BP 167 EP 184 DI 10.1007/BF02783136 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 166EM UT WOS:000078563300016 PM 10050918 ER PT J AU Catchings, RD Goldman, MR Lee, WHK Rymer, MJ Ponti, DJ AF Catchings, RD Goldman, MR Lee, WHK Rymer, MJ Ponti, DJ TI Faulting apparently related to the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake and possible co-seismic origin of surface cracks in Potrero canyon, Los Angeles County, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSE RANGES; COLUMBIA PLATEAU; STRONG-MOTION; INVERSION; SYSTEM; WAVES AB Apparent southward-dipping, reverse-fault zones are imaged to depths of about 1.5 km beneath Potrero Canyon, Los Angeles County, California. Based on their orientation and projection to the surface, we suggest that the imaged fault zones are extensions of the Oak Ridge fault. Geologic mapping by others and correlations with seismicity studies suggest that the Oak Ridge fault is the causative fault of the 17 January 1994 Northridge earthquake (Northridge fault). Our seismically imaged faults may be among several faults that collectively comprise the Northridge thrust fault system. Unusually strong shaking in Potrero Canyon during the Northridge earthquake may have resulted from focusing of seismic energy or co-seismic movement along existing, related shallow-depth faults. The strong shaking produced ground-surface cracks and sand blows distributed along the length of the canyon, Seismic reflection and refraction images show that shallow-depth faults may underlie some of the observed surface cracks. The relationship between observed surface cracks and imaged faults indicates that some of the surface cracks may have developed from nontectonic alluvial movement, but others may be fault related. Immediately beneath the surface cracks, P-wave velocities are unusually low (<400 m/sec), and there are velocity anomalies consistent with a seismic reflection image of shallow faulting to depths of at least 100 m. On the basis of velocity data, we suggest that unconsolidated soils (<800 m/sec) extend to depths of about 15 to 20 m beneath our datum (<25 m below ground surface), The underlying rocks range in velocity from about 1000 to 5000 m/sec in the upper 100 m, This study illustrates the utility of high-resolution seismic imaging in assessing local and regional seismic hazards. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Catchings, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1379 EP 1391 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 154XA UT WOS:000077914300005 ER PT J AU Hartzell, S AF Hartzell, S TI Variability in nonlinear sediment response during the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; STRONG GROUND MOTION; SOIL RESPONSE; PATH; AMPLIFICATION; WAVE AB Spectral ratios between sediment sites and rock sites for strong and weak ground motion are compared to infer the extent of nonlinear sediment response in the Los Angeles area during the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Northridge mainshock records form the strong-motion database and aftershock records form the weak-motion database. The degree of nonlinearity is evaluated at 25 locations in and around the San Fernando and Los Angeles Basins based on the ratio of weak-to-strong spectral amplification factors (WSAF). Values of WSAF vary greatly from site to site and, for a given site, from one frequency band to another over the range from 0.75 to 20 Hz. This complexity is attributed to differences in several factors: material properties under the sites and the amplitude and frequency content of the input ground motions. Given these observations, it is not possible to assign an acceleration or velocity level at which nonlinearity initiates for all the stiff soil sites analyzed. However, no nonlinearity is seen below a peak acceleration of about 200 to 300 cm/sec(2) or peak velocity of 20 to 30 cm/sec. Nonlinearity is seen at all sites in or near the San Fernando Valley. Nonlinearity in the Los Angeles Basin is limited to a few isolated sites. For the Northridge earthquake, even sites with strong nonlinearity still show amplification levels greater than 1.0 relative to rock sites for frequencies below 10 Hz. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hartzell, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 31 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1426 EP 1437 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 154XA UT WOS:000077914300009 ER PT J AU Nichols, JD Boulinier, T Hines, JE Pollock, KH Sauer, JR AF Nichols, JD Boulinier, T Hines, JE Pollock, KH Sauer, JR TI Inference methods for spatial variation in species richness and community composition when not all species are detected SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE PROBABILITIES VARY; ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; ACCUMULATION FUNCTIONS; RECAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; ROBUST ESTIMATION; NICHE LIMITATION; DIVERSITY; ANIMALS; FOREST; MODELS AB Inferences about spatial variation in species richness and community composition are important both to ecological hypotheses about the structure and function of communities and to community-level conservation and management. Fete sampling programs for animal communities provide censuses, and usually some species in surveyed areas are not defected. Thus, counts of species detected underestimate the number of species present. We present estimators useful for drawing inferences about comparative species richness and composition between different sampling locations when not all species are detected in sampling efforts. Based on capture-recapture models using the robust design, our methods estimate relative species richness, proportion of species in one location that are also found in another, and number of species found in one location but not in another The methods use data on the presence or absence of each species at different sampling occasions (or locations) to estimate the number of species not detected nt any occasions (or locations). This approach permits estimation of the number of species in the sampled community and in subsets of the community useful for estimating the fraction of species shared by two communities. We provide an illustration of our estimation methods by comparing bird species richness and composition in two locations sampled by routes of the North American Breeding Bird Survey. In this example analysis, the two locations (and associated bird communities) represented different levels of urbanization. Estimates of relative richness, proportion of shared species, and number of species present on one route but not the other indicated that the route with the smaller fraction of urban area had greater richness and a larger number of species that were not found on the more urban route than vice versa. We developed a software pack age, COMDYN, for computing estimates based on these methods. Because these estimation methods explicitly deal with sampling in which not all species are detected, we recommend their use for addressing questions about species richness and community composition. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Inst Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jim_nichols@usgs.gov OI Boulinier, Thierry/0000-0002-5898-7667 NR 50 TC 148 Z9 151 U1 1 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1390 EP 1398 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.97331.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 146HN UT WOS:000077423400031 ER PT J AU Pierson, EA Turner, RM AF Pierson, EA Turner, RM TI An 85-year study of saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea) demography SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cactus; Carnegiea gigantea; climatic effects; land use effects; long-term studies; regeneration trends; modeling; saguaro; demography; slope aspect; effect on plant demography; Sonoran Desert; stand age structure; survivorship and mortality ID SONORAN DESERT; VEGETATION CHANGE; COLUMNAR CACTI; TEMPERATURES; PATTERNS; DROUGHT; ARIZONA; PLANTS; GROWTH AB The saguaro population in a 700-ha area at the Desert Laboratory on Tumamoc Hill, Tucson, Arizona, was censused in 1908, one year after livestock were excluded. In 1964, four IO-ha plots were established within the original area to determine the effect of slope aspect on plant growth and demography. The plots were recensused in 1970 and 1993. We developed a model for determining saguaro age,using the growth rates of over 3000 plants from 1964 to 1970. The model was verified with 1993 data. Changes in population size and the estimated age structures were then used to infer regeneration trends. Saguaro populations on all slope aspects nearly doubled since 1908. Yet, during the same period, relative abundances of saguaros remained higher on the south and east aspects than on the north and west aspects. Higher recruitment and survival of young plants rather than mortality of older ones are largely responsible for the differences between aspects. The estimated age structures show large, multi-decadal fluctuations in saguaro regeneration. Prior to 1908, populations on all slopes experienced an extended period of decline beginning around the late 1860s. The recent surge in recruitment began in the 1920s and peaked in the 1970s. Populations currently are again in decline. Better regeneration generally corresponds with relatively wet conditions, and poorer regeneration with drier conditions. However, extended periods of decline often included episodes of relatively wet conditions (e.g., from the 1860s to the 1920s), indicating that other climatic and biotic factors also determine recruitment success. Establishment may have been suppressed by colder winters, livestock grazing, and rock quarrying. This long-term study demonstrates that, despite low regeneration and population decline during much of the last two centuries, saguaros have persisted on Tumamoc Hill because of episodic surges in seedling establishment. C1 Univ Arizona, Desert Lab Tumamoc Hill, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Pierson, EA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Pathol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 56 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 9 U2 85 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 1998 VL 79 IS 8 BP 2676 EP 2693 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2676:AYSOSC]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 148JF UT WOS:000077501000008 ER PT J AU Karanth, KU Nichols, JD AF Karanth, KU Nichols, JD TI Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; camera traps; capture-recapture models; density estimation; felids; India; leopards; Panthera tigris; tigers ID POPULATION-SIZE; PROBABILITIES VARY; TROPICAL FORESTS; MODELS; ANIMALS; SURVIVAL AB The tiger (Panthera tigris) is an endangered, large felid whose demographic status is poorly known across its distributional range in Asia. Previously applied methods for estimating tiger abundance, using total counts based on tracks, have proved unreliable. Lack of reliable data on tiger densities not only has constrained our ability to understand the ecological factors shaping communities of large, solitary felids, but also has undermined the effective conservation of these animals. In this paper, we describe the use of a field method proposed by Karanth (1995), which combines camera-trap photography, to identify individual tigers, with theoretically well-founded capture-recapture models. We developed a sampling design for camera-trapping and used the approach to estimate tiger population size and density in four representative tiger habitats indifferent parts of India. The field method worked well and provided data suitable for analysis using closed capture-recapture models. The results suggest the potential for applying this methodology to rigorously estimate abundances, survival rates, and other population parameters for tigers and other low-density, secretive animal species in which individuals can be identified based on natural markings. Estimated probabilities of photo-capturing tigers present in the study sites ranged from 0.75 to 1.00. Estimated densities of tigers > 1 yr old ranged from 4.1 +/- 1.31 to 16.8 +/- 2.96 tigers/100 km(2) (mean +/- 1 se). Simultaneously, we used line-transect sampling to determine that mean densities of principal tiger prey at these sites ranged from 56.1 to 63.8 ungulates/km(2). Tiger densities appear to be positively associated with prey densities, except at one site influenced by tiger poaching. Our results generally support the prediction that relative abundances of large felid species may be governed primarily by the abundance and structure of their prey communities. C1 Wildlife Conservat Soc, Int Programs, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP 403 Seebo Apts,26-2 Aga Abbas Ali Rd, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. NR 38 TC 495 Z9 549 U1 18 U2 201 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 1998 VL 79 IS 8 BP 2852 EP 2862 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 148JF UT WOS:000077501000020 ER PT J AU Jordan, F Babbitt, KJ McIvor, CC AF Jordan, F Babbitt, KJ McIvor, CC TI Seasonal variation in habitat use by marsh fishes SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE habitat complexity; hydrology; restoration ecology; seasonality; wetlands ID NORTHERN EVERGLADES WETLAND; MACROPHYTES; COMPLEXITY; LANDSCAPE; PREDATION; SELECTION; SHALLOW; TRAPS; FOOD AB We used 1-m(2) throw traps to examine habitat use by small-sized fishes within a mosaic of wet prairies and sloughs in the headwaters of the St. Johns River, Florida between August 1992 and November 1995. Estimates of total fish density and biomass varied temporally, but did not differ significantly between habitats. Patterns of habitat use, however, differed among the five numerically dominant species. Bluefin killifish, mosquitofish, and golden topminnows were more abundant in sloughs than in wet prairies. In contrast, Everglades pygmy sunfish were more abundant in wet prairies than in sloughs. Finally, the abundance of least killifish did not differ between habitats. Fish densities were positively correlated with plant biomass (i.e., habitat complexity) and negatively correlated with water depth (i.e., hydrology). Species richness and composition were similar among habitats. However, consistent differences in the relative abundance of numerically dominant species between habitats indicated some degree of habitat-specific assemblage structure. Most species were concentrated into deeper sloughs during drying events. This assemblage of small-sized fishes appears to respond relatively rapidly to changes in habitat structure and hydrologic conditions. We therefore recommend that resource managers consider using fishes as indicator taxa to evaluate the efficacy of ongoing restoration and management efforts in wetland systems. C1 Loyola Univ, Dept Sci Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Jordan, F (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Sci Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 13 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD DEC PY 1998 VL 7 IS 4 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.1998.tb00182.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 144EN UT WOS:000077301100001 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH Ringler, NH AF Johnson, JH Ringler, NH TI Predator response to releases of American shad larvae in the Susquehanna River basin SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE Alosa sapidissima; American shad; predation; stocking ID FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSES; SALMON; SIZE AB Predation on American shad (Alosa sapidissima) larvae within the first two hours of release was examined from 1989 to 1992 on 31 occasions at stocking sites in the Susquehanna River basin. Twenty-two fish species consumed shad larvae; the dominant predators were spotfin shiner (Cyprinella spiloptera), mimic shiner (Notropis volucellus) and juvenile smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu). The number of shad larvae found in predator stomachs ranged from 0 to 900. Mortality of shad larvae at the stocking site was usually less than 2%, The greatest mortality (9.6%) occurred at the highest stocking level (1.5 million larvae). Highly variable predation rates and release levels of shad insufficient to achieve predator satiation hindered the ability to determine a specific type of functional response of predators. Predator numbers increased with stocking density, indicating short-term aggregation at the release site. Because of practical problems associated with releasing the large numbers of larvae that would be required to satiate predators, routine stocking at these levels is probably unreasonable. Releases of 400,000 to 700,000 larvae may reduce predation by offsetting depensatory mechanisms that operate on small releases and the effects of increased predation due to predator aggregation on large releases. Night stocking may;educe predation on larval shad at the release site. C1 US Geol Survey, Res & Dev Lab, Biol Resources Div, Wellsboro, PA USA. SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Biol Resources Div, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD DEC PY 1998 VL 7 IS 4 BP 192 EP 199 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.1998.tb00186.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 144EN UT WOS:000077301100005 ER PT J AU Krushelnycky, PD Reimer, NJ AF Krushelnycky, PD Reimer, NJ TI Efficacy of maxforce bait for control of the Argentine ant (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) in Haleakala National Park, Maui, Hawaii SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Linepithema humile; Maxforce; Hawaii; biological invasion; alien species ID IRIDOMYRMEX-HUMILIS; HYDRAMETHYLNON; FAUNA AB In an effort to develop a chemical control strategy for the invasive Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr), in Haleakala National Park, Maxforce, which is formulated with 0.9% hydramethylnon, was used in test plots to determine the efficacy of the ant bait in the held. Initially, Maxforce was tested at 2 application rates: broadcast at 2.25 kg/ha (2 lb/acre) and 4.5 kg/ha (4 lb/acre). Later, the following treatments were also tested: a Maxforce and honey granule mix, Maxforce with 0.5% hydramethylnon, Maxforce with a different solvent, Maxforce distributed in exposed piles, and Maxforce distributed in covered piles. Although there were significant differences in the magnitude of ant reduction among the various treatments, all yielded the same general result. Foraging ant numbers at monitoring bit stations declined an average maximum of 97.0% in the test plots, with no plots achieving 100% reduction. At 2 mo after treatment the mean number of foraging ants was reduced by 92.1%. Nest survival in the plots appeared to be affected to a lesser degree, but could not be monitored accurately over the longer term because of the phenomenon of nest movement. A 2nd identical application 1 mo after the initial application in plots treated with Maxforce at 2.25 and 4.5 kg/ha did not result in eradication. Bait molding, quick mortality, and toxicant breakdown from UV radiation created a short exposure time to the bait and toxicant, which may have been the main obstacle to achieving eradication. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Haleakala Natl Pk Field Stn, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. Hawaii Dept Agr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Krushelnycky, PD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Haleakala Natl Pk Field Stn, Box 369, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. NR 19 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1473 EP 1481 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 156XE UT WOS:000078027000024 ER PT J AU Krushelnycky, PD Reimer, NJ AF Krushelnycky, PD Reimer, NJ TI Bait preference by the Argentine ant (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) in Haleakala National Park, Hawaii SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Argentine ants; bait preference test; Hawaii; biological invasion; alien species ID IRIDOMYRMEX-HUMILIS; FAUNA AB The Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr), has proven to be a threat to native arthropod species in Haleakala National Park, Maui, HI, and is also a potential threat to the park's native flora. As it continues to expand its range, an effort has been undertaken to eradicate it, or at the least, control its spread. The 1st part of this effort focused on finding a bait carrier for subsequent toxicant-based control tests. A year-long bait preference test was implemented at each of the ant's 2 infestation sites in Haleakala National Park, in which 6 solid baits and 2 liquid baits were assessed for attractiveness and feasibility for large scale control. At both sites, a toxicant-free formulation of Maxforce, a protein-based granular bait made from ground silkworm, Bombyx mori (L.), pupae, and a 25% sugar water solution were the most attractive baits. Ants took mole Maxforce (without toxicant) and sugar water than all other baits, including honey granules and a fish protein bait. Sugar water, however, is difficulty to distribute over large natural areas. Maxforce was therefore concluded to be the best bait carrier for toxicant-based control at Haleakala National Park because of its attractiveness and its ease for large scale broadcast dispersal. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Haleakala Natl Pk Field Stn, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. Hawaii Dept Agr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Krushelnycky, PD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Haleakala Natl Pk Field Stn, Box 369, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1482 EP 1487 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 156XE UT WOS:000078027000025 ER PT J AU D'Agostino, V Greene, EA Passarella, G Vurro, M AF D'Agostino, V Greene, EA Passarella, G Vurro, M TI Spatial and temporal study of nitrate concentration in groundwater by means of coregionalization SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE groundwater quality; space and time data analysis; geostatistics; cokriging estimator ID SPACE; TIME AB Spatial and temporal behavior of hydrochemical parameters in groundwater can be studied using tools provided by geostatistics. The cross-variogram can be used to measure the spatial increments between observations at two given times as a function of distance (spatial structure). Taking into account the existence of such a spatial structure, two different data sets (sampled at two different times), representing concentrations of the same hydrochemical parameter, can be analyzed by cokriging in order to reduce the uncertainty of the estimation. In particular, if one of the two data sets is a subset of the other (that is, an undersampled set), cokriging allows us to study the spatial distribution of the hydrochemical parameter at that time, while also considering the statistical characteristics of the full data set established at a different time. This paper presents an application of cokriging by using temporal subsets to study the spatial distribution of nitrate concentration in the aquifer of the Lucca Plain, central Italy. Three data sets of nitrate concentration in groundwater were collected during three different periods in 1991. The first set was from 47 wells, but the second and the third are undersampled and represent 28 and 27 wells, respectively. Comparing the result of cokriging with ordinary kriging showed an improvement of the uncertainty in terms of reducing the estimation variance. The application of cokriging to the undersampled data sets reduced the uncertainty in estimating nitrate concentration and at the same time decreased the cost of the field sampling and laboratory analysis. C1 USGS, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. Tecnolopos, Novus Ortus, Bari, Italy. CNR, Ist Recerca Sulle Acque, I-70123 Bari, Italy. RP Greene, EA (reprint author), USGS, 8987 Yellow Brick Rd, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. RI Passarella, Giuseppe/F-8273-2013; Passarella, Giuseppe/B-3848-2015 OI Passarella, Giuseppe/0000-0001-5101-9826 NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 36 IS 3-4 BP 285 EP 295 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 150NW UT WOS:000077672200010 ER PT J AU Van den Berg, M Birnbaum, L Bosveld, ATC Brunstrom, B Cook, P Feeley, M Giesy, JP Hanberg, A Hasegawa, R Kennedy, SW Kubiak, T Larsen, JC van Leeuwen, FXR Liem, AKD Nolt, C Peterson, RE Poellinger, L Safe, S Schrenk, D Tillitt, D Tysklind, M Younes, M Waern, F Zacharewski, T AF Van den Berg, M Birnbaum, L Bosveld, ATC Brunstrom, B Cook, P Feeley, M Giesy, JP Hanberg, A Hasegawa, R Kennedy, SW Kubiak, T Larsen, JC van Leeuwen, FXR Liem, AKD Nolt, C Peterson, RE Poellinger, L Safe, S Schrenk, D Tillitt, D Tysklind, M Younes, M Waern, F Zacharewski, T TI Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE dioxins; humans; PCBs; polychlorinated biphenyls; TEFs; toxic equivalency; uncertainties; wildlife ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; ARYL-HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE; LIFE-STAGE MORTALITY; CHLORINATED AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TUMOR-PROMOTING ACTIVITY; MIXED-FUNCTION OXIDASES; EROD-INDUCING POTENCY; LIVER-CELL-LINES; PLANAR HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS AB An expert meeting was organized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and held in Stockholm on 15-18 June 1997. The objective of this meeting was to derive consensus toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxinlike polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for both human, fish, and wildlife risk assessment. Based on existing literature data, TEFs were (re)evaluated and either revised (mammals) or established (fish and birds). A few mammalian WHO-TEFs were revised, including 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorinated DD, octachlorinated DD, octachlorinated DF, and PCB 77. These mammalian TEFs are also considered applicable for humans and wild mammalian species. Furthermore, it was concluded that there was insufficient in viva evidence to continue the use of TEFs for some di-ortho PCBs, as suggested earlier by Ahlborg et al. [Chemosphere 28:1049-1067 (1994)]. In addition, TEFs for fish and birds were determined. The WHO working group attempted to harmonize TEFs across different taxa to the extent possible. However, total synchronization of TEFs was not feasible, as there were orders of a magnitude difference in TEFs between taxa for some compounds. In this respect, the absent or very low response of fish to mono-ortho PCBs is most noticeable compared to mammals and birds. Uncertainties that could compromise the TEF concept were also reviewed, including nonadditive interactions, differences in shape of the dose-response curve, and species responsiveness. In spite of these uncertainties, it was concluded that the TEF concept is still the most plausible and feasible approach for risk assessment of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons with dioxinlike properties. C1 WHO, European Ctr Environm & Hlth, Bilthoven Div, NL-3730 AA De Bilt, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Toxicol Res Inst, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. DLO, Inst Forestry & Nat Res, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Uppsala Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Uppsala, Sweden. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Hlth Canada, Toxicol Evaluat Sect, Bur Chem Safety, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Michigan State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Toxicol, Tokyo 158, Japan. Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Hull, PQ, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Contaminants, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Minist Hlth, Natl Food Agcy Denmark, Inst Toxicol, Soborg, Denmark. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Protect, Lab Organ Analyt Chem, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. US EPA, Off Sci Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Pharm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Karolinska Inst, Mol Biol Lab, Dept Cellular & Mol Biol, Stockholm, Sweden. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany. US Geol Survey, Environm & Contaminants Res Ctr, Biol Resource Div, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Umea Univ, Inst Environm Chem, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. WHO, Programme Promot Chem Safety, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP van Leeuwen, FXR (reprint author), WHO, European Ctr Environm & Hlth, Bilthoven Div, POB 10, NL-3730 AA De Bilt, Netherlands. OI Hanberg, Annika/0000-0001-7255-9856 NR 224 TC 2199 Z9 2248 U1 45 U2 385 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 106 IS 12 BP 775 EP 792 DI 10.1289/ehp.98106775 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 155PB UT WOS:000077954600018 PM 9831538 ER PT J AU Newman, MC McCloskey, JT Tatara, CP AF Newman, MC McCloskey, JT Tatara, CP TI Using metal-ligand binding characteristics to predict metal toxicity: Quantitative ion character-activity relationships (QICARs) SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Current Issues of Chemical Mixtures CY AUG 11-13, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, COLORADO SP Colorado State Univ, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci Superfund Basic Res Program, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, US EPA,. Reg VIII Off, USA Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Elect Power Res Inst DE metal; toxicity; prediction; model; ion characteristics ID MICROTOX(R) BIOLUMINESCENCE ASSAY; INVITRO CYTO-TOXICITY; RELATIVE TOXICITY; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; HEAVY-METALS; FRESH-WATER; CELL-LINES; FISH; SOFTNESS AB Ecological risk assessment can be enhanced with predictive models for metal toxicity. Modelings of published data were done under the simplifying assumption that intermetal trends in toxicity reflect relative metal-ligand complex stabilities. This idea has been invoked successfully since 1904 but has yet to be applied widely in quantitative ecotoxicology. Intermetal vends in toxicity were successfully modeled with ion characteristics reflecting metal binding to ligands for a wide range of effects. Most models were useful for predictive purposes based on an F-ratio criterion and cross-validation, but anomalous predictions did occur in speciation was ignored in general, models for metals with the same valence (i.e., divalent metals) were better than those combining mono-, di-, and trivalent metals. The softness parameter (sigma(p)) and the absolute value of the log of the first hydrolysis constant (\log K-OH\) were especially useful in model construction. Also, Delta E-o contributed substantially to several of the two-variable models. In contrast, quantitative attempts to predict metal interactions in binary mixtures based on metal-ligand complex stabilities were not successful. C1 Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Dept Environm Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gloucester Point, VA USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Newman, MC (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Dept Environm Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM newman@vims.edu NR 42 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 106 SU 6 BP 1419 EP 1425 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 156NT UT WOS:000078008100022 PM 9860900 ER PT J AU Coupe, RH Thurman, EM Zimmerman, LR AF Coupe, RH Thurman, EM Zimmerman, LR TI Relation of usage to the occurrence of gotten and rice herbicides in three streams of the Mississippi delta SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE WATERS; RUNOFF LOSSES; NORFLURAZON; FLUOMETURON; RIVER; SOIL AB During the 1995 growing season water samples were collected from three streams in the Mississippi delta and were analyzed for selected cotton and rice herbicides and metabolites. The purpose of the study was to relate the use of these herbicides to their occurrence in streams of the delta, to describe how the geochemistry of these herbicides affects their occurrence, and to report the occurrence of selected metabolites. The total concentration of eight herbicides and their metabolites exceeded 5 mu g/L throughout most of the growing season with a median total of 15 mu g/L. The order of occurrence was molinate > fluometuron > cyanazine > metolachlor > norflurazon > atrazine > prometryn > propanil. The distribution and duration of the total herbicide concentration found in this study are much different from that found in regional studies of herbicides in the U.S. Midwest. In the Midwest, the total herbicide concentration in surface water showed a sharp peak during the spring immediately after application of herbicides to crops, followed by a gradual decrease. In the Mississippi delta, the total herbicide concentration in surface water was more sustained, with multiple peaks due to different application times and postemergent applications to cotton and rice. C1 US Geol Survey, Pearl, MS 39208 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Coupe, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 308 S Airport Rd, Pearl, MS 39208 USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011; Zimmerman, Lisa/K-6674-2012 NR 23 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 23 BP 3673 EP 3680 DI 10.1021/es980342t PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 143XH UT WOS:000077282500024 ER PT J AU Majewski, MS Foreman, WT Goolsby, DA Nakagaki, N AF Majewski, MS Foreman, WT Goolsby, DA Nakagaki, N TI Airborne pesticide residues along the Mississippi River SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRIFLURALIN; AIR AB The occurrence, concentration, and geographical distribution of agricultural pesticides were determined in air over the Mississippi River from New Orleans, LA, to St. Paul, MN, during the first 10 days of June 1994. Air samples were collected from a research vessel by pulling air through polyurethane foam plugs at about 100 L/min for up to 24 h. Each sample was analyzed for 42 pesticides and 3 pesticide transformation products. Twenty-five compounds-15 herbicides, 7 insecticides, and 3 pesticide transformation products-were detected in one or more samples with concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 80 ng/m(3). Alachlor, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, fonofos, malathion, methyl parathion, metolachlor, metribuzin, pendimethalin, and trifluralin were detected in 80% or more of the samples. The highest concentrations for chlorpyrifos (1.6 ng/m(3)), diazinon (0.36 ng/m(3)), and malathion (4.6 ng/m(3)) all occurred near major metropolitan areas. These samples represent a "snapshot in time", a spatial and temporal integration of which pesticides were present in the air during each sampling period. The occurrence and atmospheric concentrations of the observed pesticides were most closely related to their use on cropland within 40 km of the river. C1 US Geol Survey, Calif Dist Off, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Arvada, CO 80002 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Majewski, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Dist Off, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 23 BP 3689 EP 3698 DI 10.1021/es9802403 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 143XH UT WOS:000077282500026 ER PT J AU Dowdle, PR Oremland, RS AF Dowdle, PR Oremland, RS TI Microbial oxidation of elemental selenium in soil slurries and bacterial cultures SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELENATE REDUCTION; KESTERSON RESERVOIR; ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; MARINE-BACTERIA; BIOAVAILABILITY; TRANSFORMATIONS; CONTAMINATION; MANGANESE; RATES AB The microbial oxidation of elemental selenium [Se(0)] was studied by employing Se-75(0) as a tracer. Live, oxic soil slurries demonstrated a linear production of mostly Se(IV), with the formation of smaller quantities of Se(VI). Production of both Se(IV) and Se(VI) was inhibited by autoclaving,formalin, antibiotics, azide, and 2,4-dinitrophenol, thereby indicating the involvement of microbes. Oxidation of Se(0) in slurries was enhanced by addition of acetate, glucose, or sulfide, which implied involvement of chemoheterotrophs as well as chemoautotrophic thiobacilli. Cultures of Thiobacillus ASN-1, LeptothrixMnB1, and a heterotrophic soil enrichment all oxidized Se(0) with Se(VI) observed as the major product rather than Se(IV). This indicated that microbial oxidation in soils is partly constrained by the adsorption of Se(IV) onto soil surfaces. Rate constants for unamended soil slurry Se(0) oxidation ranged from 0.0009 to 0.0117 day(-1) which were 3-4 orders of magnitude lower than those reported for dissimilatory Se(VI) reduction in organic-rich, anoxic sediments. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 480, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. EM roremlan@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 78 Z9 84 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 23 BP 3749 EP 3755 DI 10.1021/es970940s PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 143XH UT WOS:000077282500035 ER PT J AU Sparling, DW Vann, S Grove, RA AF Sparling, DW Vann, S Grove, RA TI Blood changes in mallards exposed to white phosphorus SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE white phosphorus; hematology; bioindicators; mallards; Alaska ID SALT-MARSH; WATERFOWL; KESTRELS AB White phosphorus (P-4) has been extensively used by the military for various purposes, including marking artillery impacts and as an obscurant. Target practice in an Alaskan tidal marsh during the last 4 decades has deposited large amounts of P-4 particles in sediments and water, which have resulted in die-offs of several waterfowl species. Because the toxicity of P-4 in birds has not been well documented and because it is quickly excreted or metabolized in living animals, we sought to determine the effects of experimental dosing on blood characteristics in game farm mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). In two experiments, one employing single doses of 5.4 mg P-4 per kilogram body weight in corn oil and the other using daily repeated doses of pelletized P-4 at either 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg, there were significant changes in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), inorganic P, hematocrit, and hemoglobin. Other indications of exposure included changes in uric acid, creatinine, and total protein, which were consistent with reported liver and kidney damage due to this contaminant. Changes in white blood cells included a greater frequency of thrombocytes and fewer lymphocytes in dosed birds compared to controls. A biomarker of exposure based on LDH activity and hemoglobin is proposed. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Sparling, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM don_sparling@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 17 IS 12 BP 2521 EP 2529 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1998)017<2521:BCIMET>2.3.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 139XV UT WOS:000077057300021 ER PT J AU Zaga, A Little, EE Rabeni, CE Ellersieck, MR AF Zaga, A Little, EE Rabeni, CE Ellersieck, MR TI Photoenhanced toxicity of a carbamate insecticide to early life stage anuran amphibians SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ultraviolet radiation; carbaryl; Hyla versicolor; Xenopus laevis ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PHOTOINDUCED TOXICITY; RAINBOW-TROUT; B RADIATION; UV-B; CARBARYL; DECLINES; FISHES; LARVAE; RANA AB African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) and gray tree frog (Hyla versicolor) embryos and tadpoles were exposed to sublethal levels of carbaryl, a broad-spectrum insecticide, and ultraviolet radiation to determine interactive and sublethal effects. Ultraviolet intensity (UV-B [285-320 nm] plus UV-A [321-400 nm]) was controlled with various types of plastic filters and quantified with a scanning spectroradiometer. Significant differences in swimming activity and mortality of both species were evident during the 96-h experiments. UItraviolet-B radiation alone and carbaryl in the presence of UV-B significantly decreased swimming activity of both species. As little as 1.5% intensify of ambient solar UV-B radiation photoactivated carbaryl. Toxicity of 7.5 mg/L carbaryl increased by 10-fold in the presence of UV-B in all species and life stages tested. Our results indicate that photoenhancement by solar UV-B radiation should be considered when evaluating the toxicity of contaminants to amphibians and other organisms. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Environm & Contaminants Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, Fisheries Res Unit, Missouri Cooperat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Agr Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Little, EE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 47 TC 82 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 8 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 17 IS 12 BP 2543 EP 2553 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1998)017<2543:PTOACI>2.3.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 139XV UT WOS:000077057300023 ER PT J AU Fisher, WL Surmont, AF Martin, CD AF Fisher, WL Surmont, AF Martin, CD TI Warmwater stream and river fisheries in the southeastern United States: Are we managing them in proportion to their values? SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB We compared findings on stream and river fishing activity in the southeastern United States from the 1991 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-associated Recreation with those on stream and river management programs in this region from a 1995 survey by Warmwater Streams Committee of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. Based on the 1991 national survey, two-fifths of all anglers in the Southeast fished streams and rivers; almost one-fourth of the total number of days fished by southeastern anglers were in this water type; and more than half of all trip expenditures, including those associated with lakes, reservoirs, and ponds, were made by stream and river anglers. In comparison, southeastern state agencies reported in 1995 that they allocated 10%-19% of their total fisheries budget and an average of 5 people to programs that manage stream and river resources. Approximately one-third of the states had completed fish inventories of less than one-third of their streams and rivers. One-fourth did not have an active warmwater stream and river management program. States with high angler use and abundant stream and river resources tended to have well-developed management programs (e.g, Virginia, West Virginia), whereas states with low use and limited riverine resources had less-developed programs (e.g., Oklahoma, Texas). The remaining states fell between this range. Given the substantial use of southeastern warmwater stream and river fisheries, we recommend that state agencies increase their emphasis on and proportionally allocate greater human and monetary resources toward managing these valuable resources. C1 US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Fisher, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 404 Life Sci W, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD DEC PY 1998 VL 23 IS 12 BP 16 EP 24 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(1998)023<0016:WSARFI>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 145AY UT WOS:000077349800003 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Schoonen, MAA Nordstrom, DK Cunningham, KM Ball, JW AF Xu, Y Schoonen, MAA Nordstrom, DK Cunningham, KM Ball, JW TI Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: I. The origin of thiosulfate in hot spring waters SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS SULFIDE; THERMAL WATERS; DEPOSITS; GOLD; TEMPERATURE; OXIDATION; KINETICS; HYDROGEN; SYSTEMS; HYDROLYSIS AB Thiosulfate (S2O32-), polythionate (SxO62-), dissolved sulfide (H2S), and sulfate (SO42-) concentrations in thirty-nine alkaline and acidic springs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) were determined. The analyses were conducted on site, using ion chromatography for thiosulfate, polythionate, and sulfate, and using colorimetry for dissolved sulfide. Thiosulfate was detected at concentrations typically less than 2 mu mol/L in neutral and alkaline chloride springs with low sulfate concentrations (Cl-/SO42- > 25). The thiosulfate concentration levels are about one to two orders of magnitude lower than the concentration of dissolved sulfide in these springs. In most acid sulfate and acid sulfate-chloride springs (Cl-/SO42- < 10), thiosulfate concentrations were also typically lower than 2 mu mol/L. However, in some chloride springs enriched with sulfate (Cl-/SO42- between 10 to 25), thiosulfate was found at concentrations ranging from 9 to 95 mu mol/L, higher than the concentrations of dissolved sulfide in these waters. Polythionate was detected only in Cinder Pool, Norris Geyser basin, at concentrations up to 8 mu mol/L, with an average S-chain-length from 4.1 to 4.9 sulfur atoms. The results indicate that no thiosulfate occurs in the deeper parts of the hydrothermal system. Thiosulfate may form, however, from (1) hydrolysis of native sulfur by hydrothermal solutions in the shallower parts (< 50 m) of the system, (2) oxidation of dissolved sulfide upon mixing of a deep hydrothermal water with aerated shallow groundwater, and (3) the oxidation of dissolved sulfide by dissolved oxygen upon discharge of the hot spring. Upon discharge of a sulfide-containing hydrothermal water, oxidation proceeds rapidly as atmospheric oxygen enters the water. The transfer of oxygen is particularly effective if the hydrothermal discharge is turbulent and has a large surface area. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. US Geol Survey, Water Resources Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Schoonen, MAA (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Schoonen, martin/E-7703-2011 OI Schoonen, martin/0000-0002-7133-1160 NR 95 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC PY 1998 VL 62 IS 23-24 BP 3729 EP 3743 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00269-5 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 192LX UT WOS:000080081300010 ER PT J AU Demko, TM Dubiel, RF Parrish, JT AF Demko, TM Dubiel, RF Parrish, JT TI Plant taphonomy in incised valleys: Implications for interpreting paleoclimate from fossil plants SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHINLE FORMATION; UNITED-STATES; ARIZONA; ALABAMA; COAL AB Paleoclimatic interpretations of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation (Colorado Plateau) based on plants conflict with those based on the sedimentary rocks. The plants are suggestive of a humid, equable climate, whereas the rocks are more consistent with deposition under highly seasonal precipitation and ground-water conditions. Fossil plant assemblages are limited to the lower members of the Chinle Formation, which were deposited within incised valleys that were cut into underlying Lower to Middle Triassic and older rocks. In contrast, the upper members of the formation, which were deposited across the fluvial plain after the incised valleys were filled, have few preserved fossil plants. The taphonomic characteristics of the plant fossil assemblages, within the stratigraphic and hydrologic context of the incised valley-fill sequence, explain the vertical and lateral distribution of these assemblages, The depositional, hydrological, and near-surface geochemical conditions were more conducive to preservation of the plants. Fossil plant assemblages in fully terrestrial incised-valley fills should be taphonomically biased toward riparian wetland environments. If those assemblages are used to interpret paleoclimate, the paleoclimatic interpretations will also be biased. The bias may be particularly strong in climates such as those during deposition of the Chinle Formation, when the riparian wetlands may reflect local hydrologic conditions rather than regional climate, and should be taken into account when using these types of plant assemblages in paleoclimatic interpretations. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Parrish, JT (reprint author), Exxon Prod Res Co, POB 2189, Houston, TX 77252 USA. EM parrish@geo.arizona.edu NR 52 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 1998 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1119 EP 1122 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<1119:PTIIVI>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 147QQ UT WOS:000077577900016 ER PT J AU Behrendt, JC Finn, CA Blankenship, D Bell, RE AF Behrendt, JC Finn, CA Blankenship, D Bell, RE TI Aeromagnetic evidence for a volcanic caldera(?) complex beneath the divide of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RIFT SYSTEM AB A 1995-96 aeromagnetic survey over part of the Sinuous Ridge (SR) beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) divide shows a 70-km diameter circular pattern of 400-1200-nT anomalies suggesting one of the largest volcanic caldera(?) complexes on earth. Radar-ice-sounding (RIS) shows the northern part of this pattern overlies the SR, and extends south over the Bentley Subglacial Trench (BST). Modeled sources of all but one the caldera(?) anomalies are at the base of < 1-2-km thick ice and their volcanic edifices have been glacially removed. The exception is a 700-m high, 15-km wide "volcano" producing an 800-nT anomaly over the BST. "Intrusion" of this "volcano" beneath 3 km of ice probably resulted in pillow basalt rather than easily removed hyaloclastite erupted beneath thinner ice. The background area (-300 to -500-nT) surrounding the caldera(?) is possibly caused by a shallow Curie isotherm. C1 Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78759 USA. RP Behrendt, JC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Blankenship, Donald/G-5935-2010 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1998 VL 25 IS 23 BP 4385 EP 4388 DI 10.1029/1998GL900101 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 143XG UT WOS:000077282400038 ER PT J AU Mast, MA Wickland, KP Striegl, RT Clow, DW AF Mast, MA Wickland, KP Striegl, RT Clow, DW TI Winter fluxes of CO2 and CH4 from subalpine soils in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE GAS-EXCHANGE; METHANE DYNAMICS; N2O; DIFFUSION; SNOWPACKS; EMISSION; SNOW AB Fluxes of CO2 and CH4 through a seasonal snowpack were measured in and adjacent to a subalpine wetland in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Gas diffusion through the snow was controlled by gas production or consumption in the soil and by physical snowpack properties. The snowpack insulated soils from cold midwinter air temperatures allowing microbial activity to continue through the winter. All soil types studied were net sources of CO2 to the atmosphere through the winter, whereas saturated soils in the wetland center were net emitters of CH4 and soils adjacent to the wetland were net CH4 consumers. Most sites showed similar temporal patterns in winter gas fluxes; the lowest fluxes occurred in early winter, and maximum fluxes occurred at the onset of snowmelt. Temporal changes in fluxes probably were related to changes in soil-moisture conditions and hydrology because soil temperatures were relatively constant under the snowpack. Average winter CO2 fluxes were 42.3, 31.2, and 14.6 mmol m(-2) d(-1) over dry, moist, and saturated soils, respectively, which accounted for 8 to 23% of the gross annual CO2 emissions from these soils. Average winter CH4 fluxes were -0.016, 0.274, and 2.87 mmol m(-2) d(-1) over dry, moist, and saturated soils, respectively. Microbial activity under snow cover accounted for 12% of the annual CH4 consumption in dry soils and 58 and 12% of the annual CH4 emitted from moist and saturated soils, respectively. The observed ranges in CO2 and CH4 Bur through snow indicated that winter fluxes are an important part of the annual carbon budget in seasonally snow-covered terrains. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Mast, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mamast@usgs.gov; kpwick@usgs.gov; rstriegl@usgs.gov; dwclow@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 101 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 BP 607 EP 620 DI 10.1029/98GB02313 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 148BZ UT WOS:000077533900006 ER PT J AU Rapalee, G Trumbore, SE Davidson, EA Harden, JW Veldhuis, H AF Rapalee, G Trumbore, SE Davidson, EA Harden, JW Veldhuis, H TI Soil carbon stocks and their rates of accumulation and loss in a boreal forest landscape SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; BALANCE; PEATLANDS; BOG AB Boreal forests and wetlands are thought to be significant carbon sinks, and they could become net C sources as the Earth warms. Most of the C of boreal forest ecosystems is stored in the moss layer and in the soil. The objective of this study was to estimate soil C stocks (including moss layers) and rates of accumulation and loss for a 733 km(2) area of the BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study site in northern Manitoba, using data from smaller-scale intensive field studies. A simple process-based model developed from measurements of soil C inventories and radiocarbon was used to relate soil C storage and dynamics to soil drainage and forest stand age. Soil C stocks covary with soil drainage class, with the largest C stocks occurring in poorly drained sites. Estimated rates of soil C accumulation or loss are sensitive to the estimated decomposition constants for the large pool of deep soil C, and improved understanding of deep soil C decomposition is needed. While the upper moss layers regrow and accumulate C after fires, the deep C dynamics vary across the landscape, from a small net sink to a significant source. Estimated net soil C accumulation, averaged for the entire 733 km(2) area, was 20 g C m(-2) yr(-1) (28 g C m(-2) yr(-1) accumulation in surface mosses offset by 8 g C m(-2) yr(-1) lost from deep C pools) in a year with no fire. Most of the C accumulated in poorly and very poorly drained soils (peatlands and wetlands). Burning of the moss layer in only 1% of uplands would offset the C stored in the remaining 99% of the area. Significant interannual variability in C storage is expected because of the irregular occurrence of fire in space and time. The effects of climate change and management on fire frequency and on decomposition of immense deep soil C stocks are key to understanding future C budgets in boreal forests. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ Manitoba, Agr & Agri Food Canada, Brandon Res Ctr, Manitoba Land Resource Unit, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RP Rapalee, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 923, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Trumbore, Susan/B-1948-2013; Davidson, Eric/K-4984-2013 OI Davidson, Eric/0000-0002-8525-8697 NR 39 TC 84 Z9 88 U1 9 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 BP 687 EP 701 DI 10.1029/98GB02336 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 148BZ UT WOS:000077533900011 ER PT J AU Voss, CI AF Voss, CI TI Groundwater modeling: Simply powerful SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Voss, CI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 6 IS 4 BP A4 EP A6 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 187BR UT WOS:000079766700001 ER PT J AU Hedrick, RP El-Matbouli, M Adkison, MA MacConnell, E AF Hedrick, RP El-Matbouli, M Adkison, MA MacConnell, E TI Whirling disease: re-emergence among wild trout SO IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID MYXOSOMA-CEREBRALIS; RAINBOW-TROUT; MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS; LIFE-CYCLE; MYXOZOA; TRIACTINOMYXON; TRANSMISSION; SALMONIDS; PROTISTS; BIOLOGY AB Whirling disease of rainbow trout is caused by Myxobolus cerebralis, a myxozoan parasite possessing a life cycle well adapted to the natural environments where salmonid fish are found. Whirling disease was first described in Europe in 1898 among farmed rainbow trout but recent occurrences have been devastating to wild trout in North America. The disease is considered a major threat to survival of wild rainbow trout in the intermountain west of the United States. Difficulties in containing the spread and potentially eliminating the pathogen are tied to features of a complex life cycle involving two hosts, the salmonid fish and an aquatic oligochaete. Derails of the morphologic development of the parasite have been described in each host but only now are we beginning to appreciate the breadth of interactions between these developmental forms and the sequential responses of the host. Fundamental mechanisms of the recognition and attachment of the parasite to the hosts, how host immunity is evaded and the unknown influences of environmental factors all contribute to a rather poor understanding of the biology of the parasite. Although the biology and ecology of the salmonid host are better known than for the oligochaete host, our knowledge is inadequate to interpret their complex interactions with the parasite. This uncertainty precludes the development of effective management activities designed to enhance the viability and productivity of wild trout populations in M. cerebralis-positive river systems. Improving our understanding of the hosts, the parasite and the environmental factors determining their interaction should provide for more focused and effective control methods for containing the spread and devastating effects whirling disease is causing to our wild trout populations. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Munich, Fac Med Vet, Inst Zool Fish Biol & Fish Dis, Munich, Germany. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Hedrick, RP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rphedrick@ucdavis.edu NR 54 TC 129 Z9 133 U1 2 U2 23 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0105-2896 J9 IMMUNOL REV JI Immunol. Rev. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 166 BP 365 EP 376 DI 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1998.tb01276.x PG 12 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 153LV UT WOS:000077835300029 PM 9914926 ER PT J AU Lyons, PC AF Lyons, PC TI Appalachian coalbed methane - Including papers presented at the symposium held at the joint meeting of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) eastern section and the Society of Organic Petrology (TSOP) in Lexington, Kentucky, September 27-30, 1997 - Introduction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lyons, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 154CY UT WOS:000077872100001 ER PT J AU Attanasi, ED AF Attanasi, ED TI Relative importance of physical and economic factors in Appalachian coalbed gas assessment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Appalachian Coalbed Methane at the Joint Meeting of the American-Association-of-Petroleum-Geologists, Eastern Section/Society-of-Organic-Petrology CY SEP 27-30, 1997 CL LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY SP Amer Assoc Petr Geologists, Eastern Sect, Soc Organ Petrol DE Appalachian Basin; coalbed gas; economics; assessment; technology; costs AB In the 1995 National Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey, only 20% of the assessed technically recoverable Appalachian Province coalbed gas resources were economic. Physical and economic variables are examined to explain the disparity between economic and technically recoverable coalbed gas. The Anticline and Syncline plays of the Northern Appalachian Basin, which account for 77% of the assessed technically recoverable coalbed gas, are not economic. Analysis shows marginal reductions in costs or rate of return will not rum these plays into commercial successes. Physical parameters that determine ultimate well recoverability and the rate of gas recovery are primary reasons the Northern Appalachian Basin plays are non-commercial. If the application of new well stimulation technology could offset slow gas desorption rates, Appalachian Province economic gas could increase to more then 70% of the technically recoverable gas. Similarly, if operators are able to develop strategies to selectively drill plays by avoiding dry holes and non-commercial occurrences, the economic fraction of technically recoverable gas could increase to over half. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Attanasi, ED (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 59 DI 10.1016/S0166-5162(98)00032-9 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 154CY UT WOS:000077872100004 ER PT J AU Lyons, PC AF Lyons, PC TI The central and northern Appalachian Basin - a frontier region for coalbed methane development SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Appalachian Coalbed Methane at the Joint Meeting of the American-Association-of-Petroleum-Geologists, Eastern Section/Society-of-Organic-Petrology CY SEP 27-30, 1997 CL LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY SP Amer Assoc Petr Geologists, Eastern Sect, Soc Organ Petrol DE Appalachian Basin; Black Warrior Basin; coalbed methane; resources; production AB The Appalachian basin is the world's second largest coalbed-methane (CBM) producing basin. It has nearly 4000 wells with 1996 annual production at 147.8 billion cubic feet (Bcf). Cumulative CBM production is close to 0.9 trillion cubic feet (Tcf). The Black Warrior Basin of Alabama in the southern Appalachian basin (including a very minor amount from the Cahaba coal field) accounts for about 75% of this annual production and about 75% of the wells, and the remainder comes from the central and northern Appalachian basin. The Southwest Virginia coal field accounts for about 95% of the production from the central and northern parts of the Appalachian basin. Production data and trends imply that several of the Appalachian basin states, except for Alabama and Virginia, are in their infancy with respect to CBM development. Total in-place CBM resources in the central and northern Appalachian basin have been variously estimated at 66 to 76 trillion cubic feet (Tcf), of which an estimated 14.55 Tcf (similar to 20%) is technically recoverable according to a 1995 U.S. Geological Survey assessment. For comparison in the Black Warrior basin of the 20 Tcf in-place CBM resources, 2.30 Tcf (similar to 12%) is technically recoverable. Because close to 0.9 Tcf of CBM has already been produced from the Black Warrior basin and the proved reserves are about 0.8 Tcf for 1996 [Energy Information Administration (EIA), 1997]. U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, 1996 Annual Report. U.S. Department of Energy DOE/EIA-0216(96), 145 pp.], these data imply that the central and northern Appalachian basin could become increasingly important in the Appalachian basin CBM picture as CBM resources are depleted in the southern Appalachian basin (Black Warrior Basin and Cahaba Coal Field). CBM development in the Appalachian states could decrease the eastern U.S.A.'s dependence on coal for electricity. CBM is expected to provide over the next few decades a virtually untapped source of unconventional fossil fuel in the Appalachian states, where the CBM resources are large and the demand for cleaner fossil-fuel energy is high. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lyons, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 84 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0166-5162(98)00033-0 PG 27 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 154CY UT WOS:000077872100005 ER PT J AU Bischoff, JL AF Bischoff, JL TI Chronometric dating in archaeology. SO JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Bischoff, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA DEPT ANTHROPOLOGY, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131-1561 USA SN 0091-7710 J9 J ANTHROPOL RES JI J. Anthropol. Res. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 54 IS 4 BP 552 EP 554 PG 3 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 151GA UT WOS:000077711300009 ER PT J AU Bader, JA Shotts, EB AF Bader, JA Shotts, EB TI Identification of Flavobacterium and Flexibacter species by species-specific polymerase chain reaction primers to the 16S ribosomal RNA gene SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID 16S-RIBOSOMAL RNA; PCR; SEQUENCES; STRAINS; TARGET; NOV AB Species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers have been developed for the identification of the causative agents of warmwater and marine finrot in fish: Flavobacterium columnare (Flexibacter columnaris) and Flexibacter maritimus. Differences in gene sequence in the bacterial small-subunit (16S) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) were used to design the species-specific PCR primers. The previously reported species-specific PCR primers Psy1 and Psy2 for the identification of Flavobacterium psychrophilum (Flexibacter psychrophila),the causative agent of coldwater finrot, were also used to develop a speciation scheme for all three bacterial finrots. These three primer sets were successful in discriminating among yellow-pigmented bacteria as well as in speciating the three major pathogenic flexibacteria to fish. The primer sets were designed to produce uniquely sized subproducts of 16S rRNA for each species: Flavobacterium psychrophilum (1,100 base pairs, bp), F. columnare (800 bp), and Flexibacter maritimus (400 bp). These primers were shown to correctly speciate field isolates in double-blind experiments (P = 0.01). C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Athens, GA 30601 USA. RP Shotts, EB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM emmett_shotts@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 1998 VL 10 IS 4 BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(1998)010<0311:IOFAFS>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 169PZ UT WOS:000078758900001 ER PT J AU Bader, JA Shotts, EB AF Bader, JA Shotts, EB TI Determination of phylogenetic relationships of Flavobacterium psychrophilum (Flexibacter psychrophilus), Flavobacterium columnare (Flexibacter columnaris), and Flexibacter maritimus by sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA genes amplified by polymerase chain reaction SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID RELATEDNESS; GENUS FLAVOBACTERIUM; EMENDED DESCRIPTION; BACTEROIDES; PROPOSAL; NOV AB The nearly complete small subunit 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequence amplified by polymerase chain reaction was determined for Flavobacterium psychrophilum (formerly Flexibacter psychrophilus) by using automated nucleotide sequencing. The sequence was found to be 1,465 base pairs (bp) in length, a size consistent with previously determined sequences for 14 other bacterial species from various taxa, including the yellow-pigmented bacteria. Sequence signatures confirmed that this organism was a member of the bacterial division Bacteroides-Flavobacterium. Parsimonious and additive phylogenetic trees were constructed with homology, and pairwise evolutionary distances, were used to estimate phylogenetic relationships. Data show that F. psychrophilum, F. columnare, and Flexibacter maritimus are closely related, have a common descent, and represent a distinct group within the division Bacteroides-Flavobacterium. This group also included other organisms from the genera Flavobacterium and Cytophaga. Further, Flavobacterium aquatile, the type species For the genus Flavobacterium, was also determined to be a member of this "Flavobacterium-Cytophaga-Flexibacter subcomplex." This supports previous assertions that the type strain of Flavobacterium should be changed to a more representative species such as Flavobacterium breve. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Athens, GA 30601 USA. RP Shotts, EB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 1998 VL 10 IS 4 BP 320 EP 327 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(1998)010<0320:DOPROF>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 169PZ UT WOS:000078758900002 ER PT J AU Roberti, KA Rohovec, JS Winton, JR AF Roberti, KA Rohovec, JS Winton, JR TI Vaccination of rainbow trout against infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) by using attenuated mutants selected by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA; RABIES VIRUS VIRULENCE; FISH RHABDOVIRUS; ANTIGENIC VARIANTS; MOLECULAR-BASIS; GLYCOPROTEIN; SEQUENCE; PATHOGENICITY; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; SITE AB A neutralizing monoclonal antibody against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) was used to select neutralization-resistant mutants from isolates of virus obtained from adult: steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss returning to the Round Butte Hatchery (RB mutants) on the Deschutes River in Oregon, USA, and from rainbow trout (nonanadromous O. mykiss) at a commercial hatchery in the Hagerman Valley of Idaho, USA (193-110 mutants). Two of the mutants, RB-1 and 193-110-4, were significantly (P < 0.001) attenuated compared with parental strains. Vaccination of rainbow trout by waterborne exposure to the mutants conferred solid protection against challenge with wild-type virus. In some trials, fish vaccinated with the RB-1 mutant at 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50) of 1 x 10(4)-1 x 10(5) TCID50/mL or with the 193-110-4 mutant at 1 x 10(2)-1 x 10(3) TCID50/mL, hell for 14 d, then challenged with the homologous wild-type strain at 1 x 10(5) TCID50/mL showed relative percent survival of 95-100% (P < 0.005). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in protection among fish exposed to the RB-1 vaccine strain at a dose of 1 x 105 TCID50/mL for periods of either 1, 12, or 24 h, held for 14 d, and then challenged with the wild-type RB isolate, although the 1-h exposure seemed to be somewhat less effective. Fish were vaccinated with the RB-1 strain at 1 x 10(3)-1 x 10(5) TCID50/mL for 24 h then challenged after 1, 7, 14, or 21 d with the wildtype RB isolate. No significant (P > 0.1) protection was observed at 1 d postvaccination, but the relative percent survival increased progressively at each subsequent challenge period, becoming statistically significant by day 7 (P < 0.001) and beyond. These results suggested that: resistance to challenge with wild-type virus resulted from development of IHNV-specific immunity and not from viral interference or interferon induction, and they reinforce the potential elf an attenuated vaccine to control this important disease. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Winton, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 1998 VL 10 IS 4 BP 328 EP 337 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(1998)010<0328:VORTAI>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 169PZ UT WOS:000078758900003 ER PT J AU Howe, GE Stehly, GR AF Howe, GE Stehly, GR TI Experimental infection of rainbow trout with Saprolegnia parasitica SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID WINTER SAPROLEGNIOSIS; CHANNEL CATFISH AB A method was developed to experimentally induce saprolegniasis in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The development of a reliable method to produce infected fish is essential to efforts to determine the efficacy of various antifungal treatments. Three methods for inducing saprolegniasis were evaluated in waters containing known concentrations of Saprolegnia parasitica zoospores. These methods included application of the following stressors to fish: (1) abrasion and dewatering, (2) water temperature increase, and (3) a combination Cif abrasion, dewatering, and temperature increase. Neither physical abrasion nor temperature increase stress alone was effective for inducing saprolegniasis. Only 25.9% of fish stressed by abrasion and dewatering alone became infected. Application of both abrasion and temperature stress, however, induced saprolegniasis in 77.8% of fish tested. Most of these fish became infected after 5 d of stress treatments. No fish became infected or died in the positive control group (not stressed but exposed to S, parasitica zoospores) or the negative control group (not stressed or challenged). This method should enable researchers to induce saprolegniasis in rainbow trout to study its pathogenesis or to test the efficacy of antifungal treatments. In conducting efficacy studies, it is important that therapeutic treatments begin promptly after the first signs of saprolegniasis are observed because the disease can progress very quickly and often results in mortality. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Mississippi Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54602 USA. RP Howe, GE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Mississippi Sci Ctr, POB 818, La Crosse, WI 54602 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 1998 VL 10 IS 4 BP 397 EP 404 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(1998)010<0397:EIORTW>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 169PZ UT WOS:000078758900010 ER PT J AU Fuller, MR Seegar, WS Schueck, LS AF Fuller, MR Seegar, WS Schueck, LS TI Routes and travel rates of migrating Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus and Swainson's Hawks Buteo swainsoni in the Western Hemisphere SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optimal Migration CY NOV 05-08, 1997 CL LUND UNIV, DEPT ANIM ECOL, LUND, SWEDEN HO LUND UNIV, DEPT ANIM ECOL ID SATELLITE TRACKING; PERFORMANCE; FLIGHT; BIRDS; SWANS AB We describe and compare the migration routes, length of migration, and duration of migration of Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus tundrius and Swainson's Hawks Buteo swainsoni in the Western Hemisphere. We radio tracked migrants using the Argos satellite system. Our initial samples were 34 Swainson's Hawks from representative areas of their breeding range, and 61 Peregrine Falcons captured at nest sites across the North American boreal forest and low Arctic or on the migration routes along the mid-Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts. The average distance of migration for Peregrines was 8,624 km southward, and 8,247 km northward. Peregrines travelled at an average I ate of 172 km/d southward and 198 km/d going north. Peregrine Falcons used at least three broad, general routes south from the breeding areas, and individuals stopped migrating as far north as the U.S.A. mid-Atlantic coast and as far south as central Argentina. The radiomarked Peregrine Falcons used coastal routes, mid-continental routes, and water-crossing routes: the Davis Strait and Caribbean Sea. During northward migration, Peregrines migrating through at Padre Island, Texas diverged for destinations from central Alaska across the continent to central West Greenland. Swainson's Hawks migrated an average of about 13,504 km southward and 11,952 km northward, and travelled 188 km/d southward and 150 km/d northward. Swainson's Hawks converged in eastern Mexico on the Gulf of Mexico Coast. Southward, these hawks followed a narrow, well-defined path through Central America, across the Andes Mountains in Columbia, and east of the Andes to central Argentina where they all spent the austral summer. Swainson's Hawks northward migration largely retraced their southward route. C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Dept Army, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Fuller, MR (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. NR 27 TC 101 Z9 107 U1 10 U2 43 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 29 IS 4 BP 433 EP 440 DI 10.2307/3677162 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 159QV UT WOS:000078186100009 ER PT J AU Dettinger, MD Cayan, DR Diaz, HF Meko, DM AF Dettinger, MD Cayan, DR Diaz, HF Meko, DM TI North-south precipitation patterns in western North America on interannual-to-decadal timescales SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; CALIFORNIA; PACIFIC; TEMPERATURES; EXTREME; TIME AB The overall amount of precipitation deposited along the West Coast and western cordillera of North America from 25 degrees to 55 degrees N varies from year to year, and superimposed on this domain-average variability are varying north-south contrasts on timescales from at least interannual to interdecadal. In order to better understand the north-south precipitation contrasts, their interannual and decadal variations are studied in terms of how much they affect overall precipitation amounts and how they are related to large-scale climatic patterns. Spatial empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) and spatial moments (domain average, central latitude, and latitudinal spread) of zonally averaged precipitation anomalies along the westernmost parts of North America are analyzed, and each is correlated with global sea level pressure (SLP) and sea surface temperature series, on interannual (defined here as 3-7 yr) and decadal (>7 yr) timescales. The interannual band considered here corresponds to timescales that are particularly strong in tropical climate variations and thus is expected to contain much precipitation variability that is related to El Nino-Southern Oscillation; the decadal scale is defined so as to capture the whole range of long-term climatic variations affecting western North America. Zonal EOFs of the interannual and decadal filtered versions of the zonal-precipitation series are remarkably similar. At both timescales, two leading EOFs describe I) a north-south seesaw of precipitation pivoting near 40 degrees N and 2) variations in precipitation near 40 degrees N, respectively. The amount of overall precipitation variability is only about 10% of the mean and is largely determined by precipitation variations around 40 degrees-45 degrees N and most consistently influenced by nearby circulation patterns; in this sense, domain-average precipitation is closely related to the second EOF. The central latitude and latitudinal spread of precipitation distributions are strongly influenced by precipitation variations in the southern parts of western North America and are closely related to the first EOF Central latitude of precipitation moves south (north) with tropical warming (cooling) in association with midlatitude western Pacific SLP variations, on both interannual and decadal timescales. Regional patterns and zonal averages of precipitation-sensitive tree-ring series are used to corroborate these patterns and to extend them into the past and appear to share much long- and short-term information with the instrumentally based zonal precipitation EOFs and moments. C1 US Geol Survey, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA USA. NOAA, Environm Res Lab, CDC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Dettinger, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr,Dept 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 40 TC 239 Z9 242 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 11 IS 12 BP 3095 EP 3111 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<3095:NSPPIW>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 151ZY UT WOS:000077751700002 ER PT J AU Swetnam, TW Betancourt, JL AF Swetnam, TW Betancourt, JL TI Mesoscale disturbance and ecological response to decadal climatic variability in the American Southwest SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Review ID WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; LIGHTNING-CAUSED FIRES; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; UNITED-STATES; SONORAN DESERT; EL-NINO; TIME-SERIES; NEW-MEXICO; SHRUBLAND EXPANSION AB Ecological responses to climatic variability in the Southwest include regionally synchronized fires, insect outbreaks, and purses in tree demography (births and deaths). Multicentury, tree-ring reconstructions of drought, disturbance history, and tree demography reveal climatic effects across scales, from annual to decadal, and from local (<10(2) km(2)) to mesoscale (10(4)-10(6) km(2)). Climate-disturbance relations are more variable and complex than previously assumed. During the past three centuries, mesoscale outbreaks of the western spruce budworm (Chorisroneura occidentalis) were associated with wet, not dry episodes, contrary to conventional wisdom. Regional fires occur during extreme droughts but, in some ecosystems, antecedent wet conditions play a secondary role by regulating accumulation of fuels. Interdecadal changes in fire-climate associations parallel other evidence for shifts in the frequency or amplitude of the Southern Oscillation (SO) during the past three centuries. High interannual, fire-climate correlations (r = 0.7 to 0.9) during specific decades (i.e., circa 1740-80 and 1830-60) reflect periods of high amplitude in the SO and rapid switching from extreme wet to dry years in the Southwest, thereby entraining fire occurrence across the region. Weak correlations from 1780 to 1830 correspond with a decrease in SO frequency or amplitude inferred from independent tree-ring width, ice core, and coral isotope reconstructions. Episodic dry and wet episodes have altered age structures and species composition of woodland and conifer forests. The scarcity of old, living conifers established before circa 1600 suggests that the extreme drought of 1575-95 had pervasive effects on tree populations. The most extreme drought of the past 100 years occurred in the mid-twentieth century (1942-57). This drought resulted in broadscale plant dieoffs in shrublands, woodlands, and forests and accelerated shrub invasion of grasslands. Drought conditions were broken by the post-1976 shift to the negative SO phase and wetter cool seasons in the Southwest. The post-1976 period shows up as an unprecedented surge in tree-ring growth within millennia-length chronologies. This unusual episode may have produced a pulse in tree recruitment and improved rangeland conditions (e.g., higher grass production), though additional study is needed to disentangle the interacting roles of land use and climate. The 1950s draught and the post-1976 wet period and their aftermaths offer natural experiments to study long-term ecosystem response to interdecadal climate variability. C1 Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Swetnam, TW (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Bldg 58, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM tswetnam@ltrr.arizona.edu NR 147 TC 514 Z9 523 U1 16 U2 119 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 11 IS 12 BP 3128 EP 3147 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<3128:MDAERT>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 151ZY UT WOS:000077751700004 ER PT J AU Cayan, DR Dettinger, MD Diaz, HF Graham, NE AF Cayan, DR Dettinger, MD Diaz, HF Graham, NE TI Decadal variability of precipitation over western North America SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; HEIGHT FIELD; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; HEMISPHERE WINTER; PATTERNS; PACIFIC; TEMPERATURE; STREAMFLOW AB Decadal (>7- yr period) variations of precipitation over western North America account for 20%-50% of the variance of annual precipitation. Spatially, the decadal variability is broken into several regional [O(1000 km)] components. These decadal variations are contributed by fluctuations in precipitation from seasons of the year that vary from region to region and that are not necessarily concentrated in the wettest season(s) alone. The precipitation variations are linked to various decadal atmospheric circulation and SST anomaly patterns where scales range from regional to global scales and that emphasize tropical or extratropical connections, depending upon which precipitation region is considered. Further, wet or dry decades are associated with changes in frequency of at least a few shea-period circulation "modes" such as the pacific-North American pattern. precipitation fluctuations over the southwestern United States and the Saskatchewan region of western Canada are associated with extensive shifts of sea level pressure and SST anomalies, suggesting that they are components of low-frequency precipitation variability from global-scale climate processes. Consistent with the global scale of its pressure and SST connection, the Southwest decadal precipitation is aligned with opposing precipitation fluctuations in northern Africa. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NOAA, Environm Res Lab, CDC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Cayan, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 58 TC 203 Z9 205 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 11 IS 12 BP 3148 EP 3166 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<3148:DVOPOW>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 151ZY UT WOS:000077751700005 ER PT J AU Ford, MA Grace, JB AF Ford, MA Grace, JB TI Effects of vertebrate herbivores on soil processes, plant biomass, litter accumulation and soil elevation changes in a coastal marsh SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coastal wetlands; habitat destruction; herbivory; soil development; wetland loss ID RAPIDLY SUBSIDING WETLAND; SALT-MARSH; BARATARIA BASIN; CANAL IMPACTS; CORING DEVICE; SNOW GEESE; LOUISIANA; ACCRETION; SEDIMENTATION; COMPETITION AB 1 Submergence of coastal wetlands in Louisiana is currently rapid and widespread. A number of factors contribute to this loss of habitat, including the activities of herbivores. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of large mammals, predominantly nutria and wild boar, on processes controlling soil elevation in coastal marshes. 2 Effects of herbivores on soil and vegetation were assessed by the use of paired fenced and unfenced plots over two successive growing seasons. Above-ground biomass, Litter production, changes in soil elevation, vertical soil accretion, shallow subsidence, below-ground production of roots and rhizomes, the thickness of the root zone, soil bulk density, and soil organic matter were measured. 3 Above-ground biomass, below-ground production, soil elevation and the expansion of the root zone decreased due to herbivore activity. Litter production, the rate of soil surface accretion and shallow soil subsidence were all higher in grazed compared to unrated plots, while soil organic matter and bulk density did not differ significantly between treatments. 4 The results indicate that herbivores can have a negative effect on soil building processes, primarily by reducing below-ground production and expansion of the root zone. Where natural rates of mineral sediment deposition are high, coastal marshes are expected to persist, despite herbivore activities. However, where sediment inputs are substantially less, herbivores may lead to destruction of habitat. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetland Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Ford, MA (reprint author), Johnson Controls World Serv Inc, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. NR 68 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 42 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 86 IS 6 BP 974 EP 982 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00314.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 152YQ UT WOS:000077806000007 ER PT J AU Woodworth, BL Faaborg, J Arendt, WJ AF Woodworth, BL Faaborg, J Arendt, WJ TI Breeding and natal dispersal in the Puerto Rican Vireo SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION; BIRDS; FIDELITY AB Information on dispersal is critical for understanding the population dynamics of birds. We estimated breeding and natal dispersal in two studies of a population of;he Puerto Rican Vireo (Vireo latimeri) that is in danger of local extirpation due to low reproductive success. From 7.1-29% of adult males and 12.5-25% of adult females changed territories between breeding seasons. The median breeding dispersal distance of 12 birds (7 males, 2 females, and 3 of unknown sex) was 370 m (range 110-560 m). Four fledglings dispersed a median distance of 490 m from their natal nests to breeding territories (range 300-2030 m). The implications of these data for population trends of the vireo in Guanica Forest are discussed. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Int Inst Trop Forestry, Palmer, PR 00721 USA. RP Woodworth, BL (reprint author), USGS, Biol Resources Div, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 69 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA YZ928 UT WOS:000072309000001 ER PT J AU Letcher, BH Terrick, TD AF Letcher, BH Terrick, TD TI Maturation of male age-0 Atlantic salmon following a massive, localized flood SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; parr maturation; growth; flood; relative condition factor; disturbance ID SALAR MALE PARR; SEXUAL-MATURATION; TRUTTA-L; DOWNSTREAM DISPLACEMENT; PRECOCIOUS MATURATION; WINTER TEMPERATURE; BALTIC SALMON; GROWTH; WATER; STREAM AB Maturation of male age-0 Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr in New England, U.S.A. streams is rare (similar to 5%), but age-0 parr maturation was high (74%) by autumn in the Saw-mill River following a massive, localized hood. Maturation was low in two other study streams (3, 7%) in the same year as the flood, and in the Sawmill River (6%) and the other rivers (5%) in the subsequent year, suggesting that high maturation rates were related to the hood. The high age-0 maturation rates appear to have been the result of greater growth opportunity following the flood. Masses of fish in October were two-fold greater in the Sawmill River (13.2 g) than in the other rivers (6.5, 6.9 g). Mechanisms contributing to the East growth may include community reorganization following the hood and water temperature differences among rivers. The flood caused an age-0 year-class failure for brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and brown trout Salmo trutta and a large reduction (69%) in the number of salmon compared to the other rivers, possibly reducing competition or agonistic interactions among remaining fish. Average water temperatures were slightly warmer in the Sawmill River (17.0 degrees C) than in the other rivers (15.5, 14.9 degrees C). By influencing community structure and growth of remaining fish, it appears that a strong environmental disturbance can also alter the direction and timing of life histories in Atlantic salmon. (C) 1998 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turner Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Letcher, BH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796,1 Migratory Way, Turner Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM bletcher@forwild.umass.edu NR 41 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1243 EP 1252 DI 10.1006/jfbi.1998.0792 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 150EF UT WOS:000077649900008 ER PT J AU Beck, HD Starostka, AB Willis, DW AF Beck, HD Starostka, AB Willis, DW TI Diet overlap of age-0 walleye and white bass in Lake Poinsett, South Dakota SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOOD-HABITS; RESERVOIR AB White bass (Morone chrysops) and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) coexist in several of the large glacial lakes in eastern South Dakota. We collected age-0 white bass and walleye in Lake Poinsett monthly from July through September of 1996 to assess the extent of diet overlap using Schoener's index (C-xy). Age-0 white bass increased from a mean length of 51 mm in July to 131 mm in September, while walleyes grew from 79 to 134 mm during the same period. Both species initially fed on zooplankton in July; however, diets diverged in later samples. Age-0 white bass primarily consumed zooplankton through September; prey fishes constituted a progressively greater proportion (by number) of age-0 walleye diets. Benthic macroinvertebrates did not make up a substantial portion of the diet for either fish species. Thus, diet overlap between age-0 white bass and age-0 walleye was initially high in July (C-xy = 69), but declined through September (C-xy = 36). C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Beck, HD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 119 Hatchery Loop, Yankton, SD USA. RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 13 IS 4 BP 425 EP 431 DI 10.1080/02705060.1998.9663639 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 150FA UT WOS:000077651900006 ER PT J AU Odor, L Wanty, RB Horvath, E Fugedi, U AF Odor, L Wanty, RB Horvath, E Fugedi, U TI Mobilization and attenuation of metals downstream from a base-metal mining site in the Matra Mountains, northeastern Hungary SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE environmental geochemistry; mining; lead; copper; zinc; arsenic; cadmium; Hungary ID HEAVY-METALS; MOBILITY AB Regional geochemical baseline values have been established for Hungary by the use of low-density stream-sediment surveys of flood-plain deposits of large drainage basins and of the fine fraction of stream sediments. The baseline values and anomaly thresholds thus produced helped to evaluate the importance of high toxic element concentrations found in soils in a valley downstream of a polymetallic vein-type base-metal mine. Erosion of the mine dumps and flotation dump, losses of metals during filtering, storage and transportation, human neglects, and operational breakdowns, have all contributed to the contamination of a small catchment basin in a procession of releases of solid waste. The sulfide-rich waste material weathers to a yellow color; this layer of 'yellow sand' blankets a narrow strip of the floodplain of Toka Creek in the valley near the town of Gyongyosoroszi. Contamination was spread out in the valley by floods. Metals present in the yellow sand include Pb, As, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Sb. Exposure of the local population to these metals may occur through inhalation of airborne particulates or by ingestion of these metals that are taken up by crops grown in the valley. To evaluate the areal extent and depth of the contamination, active stream sediment, flood-plain deposits, lake or reservoir sediments, soils, and surface water were sampled along the erosion pathways downstream of the mine and dumps. The flood-plain profile was sampled in detail to see the vertical distribution of elements and to relate the metal concentrations to the sedimentation and contamination histories of the flood plain. Downward migration of mobile Zn and Cd from the contaminated upper layers under supergene conditions is observed, while vertical migration of Pb, As, Hg and Sb appears to be insignificant. Soil profiles of Cs-137 Which originated from above-ground atomic bomb tests and the Chernobyl accident, provide good evidence that the upper 30-40 cm of the flood-plain sections, which includes the yellow sand contamination, were deposited in the last 30-40 years. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hungarian Geol Survey, Geol Inst Hungary, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Odor, L (reprint author), Hungarian Geol Survey, Geol Inst Hungary, Stefania 14, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 65 IS 1 BP 47 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00056-9 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 153ZA UT WOS:000077862500004 ER PT J AU DeStefano, S AF DeStefano, S TI Determining the status of Northern Goshawks in the west: Is our conceptual model correct? SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNCERTAINTY; MANAGEMENT; OREGON C1 Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP DeStefano, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 32 IS 4 BP 342 EP 348 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 162AT UT WOS:000078323400016 ER PT J AU Melancon, E Soniat, T Cheramie, V Dugas, R Barras, J Lagarde, M AF Melancon, E Soniat, T Cheramie, V Dugas, R Barras, J Lagarde, M TI Oyster resource zones of the Barataria and Terrebonne estuaries of Louisiana SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE oyster; Crassostrea virginica; management; Louisiana; wetland loss; coastal restoration; map AB A 1:100,000 scale map delineating the subtidal oyster resource zones within the Barataria and Terrebonne estuaries was developed. Strategies to accomplish the task included interviews with Louisiana oystermen and stare biologists to develop a draft map, field sampling to document oyster (Crassostrea virginica), Dermo (Perkinsus marinus), and oyster drill (Stramonita haemastoma) abundances, use of historical salinity data to aid in map verification, and public meetings to allow comment on a draft before final map preparation. Four oyster resource zones were delineated on the final map: a dry zone where subtidal oysters may be found when salinities increase, a wet zone where subtidal oysters may be found when salinities are suppressed, a wet-dry zone where subtidal oysters may be consistently found due to favorable salinities, and a high-salinity zone where natural oyster populations are predominantly found in intertidal and shallow waters. The dry zone is largely coincident with the brackish-marsh habitat, with some intermediate-type marsh. The wet-dry zone is found at the interface of the brackish and saline marshes, but extends further seaward than up-estuary. The wet zone and the high salinity zones are areas of mostly open water fringed by salt marshes. The dry zone encompasses 91,775 hectares, of which 48,788 hectares are water (53%). The wet zone encompasses 83,525 hectares, of which 66,958 hectares are water (80%). The wet-dry zone encompasses 171,893 hectares, of which 104,733 hectares are water (61%). The high salinity zone encompasses 125,705 hectares, of which 113,369 hectares are water (90%). There is a clear trend of increasing water habitat in the four zones over the past 30 years, and oysters are now cultivated on bottoms that were once marsh. The map should be useful in managing the effects upon oysters of freshwater diversions into the estuaries. It provides a pre-diversion record of the location of oyster resource zones and should prove helpful in the seaward relocation of oysters leases. C1 Nicholls State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Thibodaux, LA 70310 USA. Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, New Orleans, LA 70130 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, So Sci Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70804 USA. RP Melancon, E (reprint author), Nicholls State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Thibodaux, LA 70310 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI SOUTHAMPTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON COLLEGE, SOUTHAMPTON, NY 11968 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1143 EP 1148 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 184RY UT WOS:000079628200029 ER PT J AU King, TL Pendleton, EC Villella, RF AF King, TL Pendleton, EC Villella, RF TI Gene conservation: Management and evolutionary units in freshwater bivalve management - Introduction to the proceedings SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; DISTINCT POPULATION SEGMENTS; WATER MUSSELS; SYSTEMATICS C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI SOUTHAMPTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON COLLEGE, SOUTHAMPTON, NY 11968 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1351 EP 1353 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 187WN UT WOS:000079811400001 ER PT J AU Villella, RF King, RL Starliper, CE AF Villella, RF King, RL Starliper, CE TI Ecological and evolutionary concerns in freshwater bivalve relocation programs SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Gene Conservation Held in Conjunction with the 89th Annual Meeting of the National-Shellfisheries-Association CY APR 19-20, 1997 CL FT WALTON BEACH, FL SP Natl Shellfisheries Assoc DE freshwater bivalves; genetic diversity; pathogens and parasites; relocation ID WATER MUSSELS; TRANSPLANT EXPERIMENT; GENETICS; GROWTH; CONSERVATION; HETEROZYGOSITY; POPULATION; UNIONIDAE; VARIABILITY; SPECIATION AB Relocation of native freshwater bivalves has been used as a conservation tool primarily for restorative or supplemental reasons and to remove populations from the immediate impacts of construction projects. Though the presence of indigenous bivalves was most often used as an indicator of suitable habitat to receive relocated animals, subtle ecological and evolutionary differences between communities may have precluded successful relocation. We discuss the importance of maintaining genetic diversity within and among populations, the potential for spread of disease causing pathogens and parasites, and suggest approaches that could lead to improved relocation success, with the ultimate goal of maintaining the evolutionary lineages of freshwater bivalve species. Conservation efforts should strive to ensure that genetic variation is preserved to maintain the potential for future evolutionary change, and intervene as little as possible when managing the genomes of threatened species. However, when relocations are deemed necessary, every precaution should be taken to minimize the effects of gene drift and inbreeding depression by providing sufficiently large effective population sizes. Those involved in relocations should also exercise vigilance to avoid the pitfalls of outbreeding depression resulting from mixing divergent evolutionary lineages and the potentially catastrophic consequences of introduced pathogens. In addition, relocation attempts to supplement population size and maximize genetic diversity of historically small populations may lead to the loss of critical adaptive features including the relationship established with the parasitized host(s). Management efforts that focus on the protection of existing populations, and the discovery and protection of new populations of threatened taxa, may represent a more realistic conservation strategy than the creation of populations of unknown ecological and evolutionary potential. C1 US Geol Survey, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Villella, RF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 74 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1407 EP 1413 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 187WN UT WOS:000079811400008 ER PT J AU Tester, PA Stumpf, RP AF Tester, PA Stumpf, RP TI Phytoplankton blooms and remote sensing: What is the potential for early warning SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Spatial Data and Remote Sensing in Invertebrate Fisheries Held in Conjunction with the 89th Annual Meeting of the National-Shellfisheries-Association CY APR 19-20, 1997 CL FT WALTON BEACH, FL SP Natl Shellfisheries Assoc, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, US Army Corps Engineers Waterways Expt Stn DE plankton blooms; remote sensing; detection ID THEMATIC MAPPER; CHLOROPHYLL; ESTUARIES; ALGORITHM; TRANSPORT; IMAGERY; SURFACE AB Phytoplankton blooms are closely coupled to physical processes. Increased access to wind, sea surface temperature, and ocean color datasets aids in retrospective analyses of bloom events and provides vital linkages of physical and biological processes. From such analyses, conceptual models of bloom initiation, transport, maintenance, and dissipation may help identify the timing of bloom initiation and define environmental conditions conducive to growth. The advent of on-line, real-time environmental data, new ocean color sensors, and hyperspectral scanners may allow enough predictive capability so that harmful or toxic bloom conditions can be detected, research efforts focused, and reliable information made available, before effects of these blooms are manifest in near shore areas. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal Geol, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Tester, PA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1469 EP 1471 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 187WN UT WOS:000079811400019 ER PT J AU Lins, HF Stakhiv, EZ AF Lins, HF Stakhiv, EZ TI Managing the nations water in a changing climate SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE water management; climate change; impact assessment ID RESOURCES AB Among the many concerns associated with global climate change, the potential effects on water resources are frequently cited as the most worrisome. In contrast, those who manage water resources do not rate climatic change among their top planning and operational concerns. The difference in these views can be associated with how water managers operate their systems and the types of stresses, and the operative time horizons, that affect the Nation's water resources infrastructure. Climate, or more precisely weather, is an important variable in the management of water resources at daily to monthly time scabs because water resources systems generally are operated on a daily basis. At decadal to centennial time scales, though, climate is much less important because (1) forecasts, particularly of regional precipitation, are extremely uncertain over such time periods, and (2) the magnitude of effects due to changes in climate on water resources is small relative to changes in other variables such as population, technology, economics, and environmental regulation. Thus, water management agencies find it difficult to justify changing design features or operating rules on the basis of simulated climatic change at the present time, especially given that reservoir-design criteria incorporate considerable buffering capacity for extreme meteorological and hydrological events. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Lins, HF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 415 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1255 EP 1264 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05429.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 158UE UT WOS:000078134800002 ER PT J AU Battaglin, WA Goolsby, DA AF Battaglin, WA Goolsby, DA TI Regression models of herbicide concentrations in outflow from reservoirs in the midwestern USA, 1992-1993 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE reservoirs; herbicides; regression; GIS; modeling ID WATER-QUALITY; SURFACE WATERS; UNITED-STATES; NITRATE; DRAINAGE; ATRAZINE AB Reservoirs are used to store water for public water supply, flood control, irrigation, recreation, hydropower, and wildlife habitat, but also often stare undesirable substances such as herbicides. The outflow from 76 reservoirs in the midwestern USA, was sampled four times in 1992 and four times in 1993. At least one herbicide was detected in 82.6 percent of all samples, and atrazine was detected in 82.1 percent of all samples. Herbicide properties; topography, land use, herbicide use, and soil type in the contributing drainage area; residence time of water in reservoirs; and timing of inflow, release, and rainfall all can affect the concentration of herbicides in reservoirs. A GIS was used to quantify characteristics of land use, agricultural chemical use, climatic conditions, topographic character, and soil type by reservoir drainage basins. Multiple linear and logistic regression equations were used to model mean herbicide concentrations in reservoir outflow as a function of these characteristics. Results demonstrate a strong association between mean herbicide concentrations in reservoir outflow and herbicide use rates within associated drainage basins. Results also demonstrate the importance of including soils and basin hydrologic characteristics in models used to estimate mean herbicide concentrations. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Battaglin, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 406,Denver Fed Ctr,Bldg 53, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 60 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1369 EP 1390 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05438.x PG 22 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 158UE UT WOS:000078134800011 ER PT J AU Juracek, KE AF Juracek, KE TI Analysis of lake-bottom sediment to estimate historical nonpoint-source phosphorus loads SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE water quality; nonpoint source pollution; phosphorus; sediment; Hillsdale Lake; Kansas AB Bottom sediment in Hillsdale Lake, Kansas, was analyzed to estimate the annual load of total phosphorus deposited in the lake from nonpoint sources. Topographic, bathymetric, and sediment-core data were used to estimate the total mass of phosphorus in the lake-bottom sediment. Available streamflow and water-quality data were used to compute the mean annual mass of phosphorus (dissolved plus suspended) exiting the lake. The mean annual load of phosphorus added to the lake from point sources was estimated from previous studies. A simple mass balance then was used to compute the mean annual load of phosphorus from nonpoint sources. The total mass of phosphorus in the lake-bottom sediment was estimated to be 924,000 kg, Kith a mean annual load of 62,000 kg. The mean annual mass of phosphorus exiting in the lake outflow was estimated to be about 8,000 kg. The mean annual loads of phosphorus added to the lake from point and nonpoint sources were estimated to be 5,000 and 65,000 kg, respectively Thus, the contribution to the total mean annual phosphorus load in Hillsdale Lake is about 7 percent from point sources and about 93 percent from nonpoint sources. C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Juracek, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM kjuracek@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1449 EP 1463 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05444.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 158UE UT WOS:000078134800017 ER PT J AU Duffield, WA AF Duffield, WA TI One person's story about three decades of his research on igneous rocks SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Biographical-Item DE autobiography; igneous rocks C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Duffield, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 87 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00072-9 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 165YD UT WOS:000078548700001 ER PT J AU Duffield, WA Ruiz, J AF Duffield, WA Ruiz, J TI A model that helps explain Sr-isotope disequilibrium between feldspar phenocrysts and melt in large-volume silicic magma systems SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE strontium isotopes; isotopic disequilibrium; magma contamination; feldspar phenocrysts ID GRIZZLY PEAK TUFF; BISHOP-TUFF; LONG VALLEY; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; CALIFORNIA; CONTAMINATION; RESERVOIRS; DIFFUSION; GRADIENTS; CHAMBER AB Feldspar phenocrysts of silicic volcanic rocks are commonly in Sr-isotopic disequilibrium with groundmass. In some cases the feldspar is more radiogenic, and in others it is less radiogenic. Several explanations have been published previously, but none of these is able to accommodate both senses of disequilibrium. We present a model by which either more- or less-radiogenic feldspar (or even both within a single eruptive unit) can originate. The model requires a magma body open to interaction with biotite- and feldspar-bearing wall rock. Magma is incrementally contaminated as wall rock melts incongruently. Biotite preferentially melts first, followed by feldspar. Such melting behavior, which is supported by both field and experimental studies, first contaminates magma with a relatively radiogenic addition, followed by a less-radiogenic addition. Feldspar phenocrysts lag behind melt (groundmass of volcanic rock) in incorporating the influx of contaminant, thus resulting in Sr-isotopic disequilibrium between the crystals and melt. The sense of disequilibrium recorded in a volcanic rock depends on when eruption quenches the contamination process. This model is testable by isotopic fingerprinting of individual feldspar crystals. For a given set of geologic boundary conditions, specific core-to-rim Sr-isotopic profiles are expectable. Moreover, phenocrysts that nucleate at different times during the contamination process should record different and predictable parts of the history. Initial results of Sr-isotopic fingerprinting of sanidine phenocrysts from the Taylor Creek Rhyolite are consistent with the model. More tests of the model an desirable. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Duffield, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 87 IS 1-4 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00071-7 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 165YD UT WOS:000078548700002 ER PT J AU Constable, P Hinchcliff, K Demma, N Callahan, M Dale, B Fox, K Adams, L Wack, R Kramer, L AF Constable, P Hinchcliff, K Demma, N Callahan, M Dale, B Fox, K Adams, L Wack, R Kramer, L TI Serum biochemistry of captive and free-ranging gray wolves (Canis lupus) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE gray wolf; exercise; activity level; corticosteroid-induced alkaline phosphatase ID TRAINING-INDUCED HYPERVOLEMIA; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; METABOLIC INDICATORS; BLOOD-CHEMISTRY; DOMESTIC DOG; TILETAMINE; ZOLAZEPAM; IMMOBILIZATION; PARAMETERS; ISOENZYMES AB Normal serum biochemistry values are frequently obtained from studies of captive sedentary (zoo) or free-ranging (wild) animals. It is frequently assumed that values obtained from these two populations are directly referable to each other. We tested this assumption using 20 captive gray wolves (Canis lupus) in Minnesota, USA, and 11 free-ranging gray wolves in Alaska, USA. Free-ranging wolves had significantly (P < 0.05) lower sodium, chloride, and creatinine concentrations and significantly higher potassium and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations; BUN to creatinine ratios; and alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase activities relative to captive wolves. Corticosteroid-induced alkaline phosphatase activity (a marker of stress in domestic dogs) was detected in 3 of 11 free-ranging wolves and in 0 of 20 captive wolves (P = 0.037). This study provides clear evidence that serum biochemical differences can exist between captive and free-ranging populations of one species. Accordingly, evaluation of the health status of an animal should incorporate an understanding of the potential confounding effect that nutrition, activity level, and environmental stress could have on the factor(s) being measured. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Clin Med, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA. Wildlife Sci Ctr, Forest Lake, MN 55025 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. US Natl Pk Serv, Eagle, AK 99738 USA. USGS, Biol Res Div, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Columbus Zoo, Powell, OH 43065 USA. RP Constable, P (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Clin Med, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. OI Hinchcliff, Kenneth/0000-0002-0388-912X NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 29 IS 4 BP 435 EP 440 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 169PN UT WOS:000078757900011 PM 10065853 ER PT J AU Henen, BT Peterson, CC Wallis, IR Berry, KH Nagy, KA AF Henen, BT Peterson, CC Wallis, IR Berry, KH Nagy, KA TI Effects of climatic variation on field metabolism and water relations of desert tortoises SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE physiological ecology; El Nino (ENSO) effect; geographic variation; Gopherus agassizii; resource availability ID GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; EL-NINO; SEASONAL WATER; MOJAVE-DESERT; CANIS LATRANS; 2 POPULATIONS; HOME RANGE; CALIFORNIA; DECLINE; ECOLOGY AB We used the doubly labeled water method to measure the field metabolic rates (FMRs, in kJ kg(-1) day(-1)) and water flux rates (WIRs, in ml H2O kg(-1) day(-1)) of adult desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) in three parts of the Mojave Desert in California over a 3.5-year period, in order to develop insights into the physiological responses of this threatened species to climate variation among sites and years. FMR, WIR, and the water economy index (WEI, in mi H2O kJ(-1), an indicator of drinking of free water) differed extensively among seasons, among study sites, between sexes, and among years. In high-rainfall years, males had higher FMRs than females. Average daily rates of energy and water use by desert tortoises were extraordinarily variable: 28-fold differences in FMR and 237-fold differences in WIR were measured. Some of this variation was due to seasonal conditions, with rates being low during cold winter months and higher in the warm seasons. However, much of the variation was due to responses to year-to-year variation in rainfall. Annual spring peaks in FMR and WIR were higher in wet years than in drought years. Site differences in seasonal patterns were apparently due to geographic differences in rainfall patterns (more summer rain at eastern Mojave sites). In spring 1992, during an El Nino (ENSO) event, the WEI was greater than the maximal value obtainable from consuming succulent vegetation, indicating copious drinking of rainwater at that time. The physiological and behavioral flexibility of desert tortoises, evident in individuals living at all three study sites, appears central to their ability to survive droughts and benefit from periods of resource abundance. The strong effects of the El Nino (ENSO) weather pattern on tortoise physiology, reproduction, and survival elucidated in this and other studies suggest that local manifestations of global climate events could have a long-term influence on the tortoise populations in the Mojave Desert. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Environm Biol, LSBMM, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Biol Resources, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Nagy, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Henen, Brian/S-6552-2016 OI Henen, Brian/0000-0003-3412-4944 NR 49 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD DEC PY 1998 VL 117 IS 3 BP 365 EP 373 DI 10.1007/s004420050669 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 150LL UT WOS:000077666300007 PM 28307915 ER PT J AU Gough, L Grace, JB AF Gough, L Grace, JB TI Effects of flooding, salinity and herbivory on coastal plant communities, Louisiana, United States SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE biomass; Louisiana; nutria; species density; species diversity ID ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; SPECIES RICHNESS; SALTWATER INTRUSION; SPARTINA-PATENS; BIOMASS; GROWTH; FIRE; VEGETATION; WETLANDS; REMOVAL AB Flooding and salinity stress are predicted to increase in coastal Louisiana as relative sea level rise (RSLR) continues in the Gulf of Mexico region. Although wetland plant species are adapted to these stressors, questions persist as to how marshes may respond to changed abiotic variables caused by RSLR, and how herbivory by native and non-native mammals may affect this response. The effects of altered flooding and salinity on coastal marsh communities were examined in two field experiments that simultaneously manipulated herbivore pressure. Marsh sods subjected to increased or decreased flooding (by lowering or raising soda, respectively), and increased or decreased salinity (by reciprocally transplanting sods between a brackish and fresh marsh), were monitored inside and outside mammalian herbivore exclosures for three growing seasons. Increased flooding stress reduced species numbers and biomass; alleviating flooding stress did not significantly alter species numbers while community biomass increased. Increased salinity reduced species numbers and biomass, more so if herbivores were present. Decreasing salinity had an unexpected effect: herbivores selectively consumed plants transplanted from the higher-salinity site. In plots protected from herbivory, decreased salinity had little effect on species numbers or biomass, but community composition changed. Overall, herbivore pressure further reduced species richness and biomass under conditions of increased flooding and increased salinity, supporting other findings that coastal marsh species call tolerate increasingly stressful conditions unless another factor, e.g., herbivory, is also present. Also, species dropped out of more stressful treatments much faster than they were added when stresses were alleviated, likely due to restrictions on dispersal. The rate at which plant communities will shift as a result of changed abiotic variables will determine if marshes remain viable when subjected to RSLR. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Gough, L (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 44 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 43 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD DEC PY 1998 VL 117 IS 4 BP 527 EP 535 DI 10.1007/s004420050689 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157XF UT WOS:000078086400010 PM 28307678 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Robbins, EI AF Anderson, JE Robbins, EI TI Spectral reflectance and detection of iron-oxide precipitates associated with acidic mine drainage SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB The objective of this study is to develop a repeatable technique to spectrally discriminate between acid and neutral streams based on the reflectance characteristics of acid and neutral iron precipitates. Field spectral measurements were conducted in situ on iron-oxide precipitates coating bottom substrates of an acidified stream (pH < 4) in the Virginia Gold-Pyrite Belt. Spectra of two neutral (pH 6 and 7) streams, one with iron precipitates present, were also measured. Acid precipitates were found to have higher spectral reflectance than neutral precipitates in the 650- to 750-nm region. With regard to water quality, the acid stream possessed low pH and high specific conductance. Guided by the field spectral data, a remote sensing technique using bandpass interference filters and a digital multispectral video system was used to detect mine drainage in two Virginia streams. Where acidic discharge was present, false-color composites showed precipitates having high reflectance in both the 650-nm and 750-nm wavebands. In contrast, neutral iron-rich streams were low in reflectance, and streams unimpaired by mine drainage had virtually no detectable reflectance. C1 Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 64 IS 12 BP 1201 EP 1208 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 146DA UT WOS:000077411700010 ER PT J AU Ugalde, A Pujades, LG Canas, JA Villasenor, A AF Ugalde, A Pujades, LG Canas, JA Villasenor, A TI Estimation of the intrinsic absorption and scattering attenuation in northeastern Venezuela (southeastern Caribbean) using coda waves SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coda waves; coda-Q(-1); attenuation; scattering; Venezuela; Caribbean ID SEISMIC-WAVES; SEPARATION; ENERGY; LITHOSPHERE; PROPAGATION; COLLISION; ORIGIN; MODEL; JAPAN; HZ AB Northeastern Venezuela has been studied in terms of coda slave attenuation using seismograms from local earthquakes recorded by a temporary short-period seismic network. The studied area has been separated into two subregions in order to investigate lateral variations in the attenuation parameters. Coda-Q(-1) (Q(c)(-1)) has been obtained using the single-scattering theory. The contribution of the intrinsic absorption (Q(i)(-1)) and scattering (Q(s)(-1)) to total attenuation (Q(i)(-1)) has been estimated by means of a multiple lapse time window method, based on the hypothesis of multiple isotropic scattering with uniform distribution of scatterers. Results show significant spatial variations of attenuation: the estimates for intermediate depth events and for shallow events present major differences. This fact. may be related to different tectonic characteristics that may be due to the presence of the Lesser Antilles subduction zone, because the intermediate depth seismic zone may be coincident with the southern continuation of the subducting slab under the arc. C1 Univ Politecn Catalunya, Dept Engn Terreny & Cartog, UPC Jordi Girona Salgado, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Inst Geog Nacl, Madrid 28003, Spain. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ugalde, A (reprint author), Univ Politecn Catalunya, Dept Engn Terreny & Cartog, UPC Jordi Girona Salgado, S-N,D-2, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. RI Pujades, Luis Gonzaga/M-2870-2014; Villasenor, Antonio/A-8037-2008 OI Pujades, Luis Gonzaga/0000-0002-2619-0805; Villasenor, Antonio/0000-0001-8592-4832 NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 153 IS 2-4 BP 685 EP 702 DI 10.1007/s000240050214 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 167RP UT WOS:000078647500021 ER PT J AU Garrison, VH Rogers, CS Beets, J AF Garrison, VH Rogers, CS Beets, J TI Of reef fishes, overfishing and in situ observations of fish traps in St. John, US Virgin Islands SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article DE Caribbean; herbivores; reef-associated fishes; serranids; trap fishery; Virgin Islands ID CORAL-REEF AB Fishing with a variety of methods and gears, including traps, is allowed within the waters of Virgin islands National Park (St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands). Randall's 1961 observation of the effects of overfishing in nearshore waters off St. John has been followed by three and a half decades of reports documenting the declining reef fish catch in the Virgin Islands and much of the Caribbean. To assess the state of the trap fishery in St. John waters, traps set by fishers were visually censused in situ in 1992, 1993 and 1994 both inside and outside park waters. Fifty-nine species of fishes representing 23 families and 1340 individuals were identified from 285 traps set in five habitat types (coral reef, octocoral hard-bottom, seagrass beds, algal plains and non-living substrate). The greatest number of observed traps were in algal plain (31%) and gorgonian habitat (27%), pointing to greater exploitation of deeper, non-coral habitats. Coral habitat accounted for the most species trapped (41), whereas the mean number of fishes per trap was highest in algal plain (5.7, se=0.6). Six species made up 51% of all fish observed in traps. The Acanthuridae was the most abundant family. Species composition and number of fishes per trap were similar inside and outside park waters. Scarids and serranids were more frequently observed in traps inside the park. Between 1992 and 1994, patterns in the data emerged: smaller numbers of fish per trap; shifts to smaller size classes; fewer serranids, lutjanids, sparids, and balistids, and all feeding guilds except herbivores per trap; more acanthurids per trap. Compared with other trap data from the Virgin Islands and the Caribbean - Florida region, the mean number of fish and biomass per St. John trap are low, serranid numbers are low, and acanthurid and herbivore numbers are high. The reef-associated fishes of St. John appear to be overexploited. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, St John, VI 00831 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, POB 710, St John, VI 00831 USA. NR 66 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, 00000, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 EI 2215-2075 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 46 SU 5 BP 41 EP 59 PG 19 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 170TY UT WOS:000078824000006 ER PT J AU Spotl, C Longstaffe, FJ Ramseyer, K Kunk, MJ Wiesheu, R AF Spotl, C Longstaffe, FJ Ramseyer, K Kunk, MJ Wiesheu, R TI Fluid-rock reactions in an evaporitic melange, Permian Haselgebirge, Austrian Alps SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALCAREOUS ALPS; THERMOCHEMICAL SULFATE REDUCTION; TECTONOTHERMAL EVOLUTION; WESTERN CARPATHIANS; K-AR; DEDOLOMITIZATION; WATER; FRACTIONATION; CARBONATES; DOLOMITE AB Tectonically isolated blocks of carbonate rocks present within the anhydritic Haselgebirge melange of the Northern Calcareous Alps record a complex history of deformation and associated deep-burial diagenetic to very low-grade metamorphic reactions. Fluids were hot (up to approximate to 250 degrees C) and reducing brines charged with carbon dioxide. Individual carbonate outcrops within the melange record different regimes of brine-rock reactions, ranging from pervasive dolomite recrystallization to dedolomitization. Early diagenetic features in these carbonates were almost entirely obliterated. Matrix dolomite alteration was related to thermochemical sulphate reduction (TSR) recognized by the replacement of anhydrite by calcite + pyrite +/- native sulphur. Pyrite associated with TSR is coarsely crystalline and characterized by a small sulphur isotope fractionation relative to the precursor Permian anhydrite. Carbonates associated with TSR show low Fe/Mn ratios reflecting rapid reaction of ferrous iron during sulphide precipitation. As a result, TSR-related dolomite and calcite typically show bright Mn(II)-activated cathodoluminescence in contrast to the dull cathodoluminescence of many (ferroan) carbonate cements in other deep-burial settings. In addition to carbonates and sulphides, silicates formed closely related to TSR, including quartz, K-feldspar, albite and K-mica. (40)Ar/(39)Ar analysis of authigenic K-feldspar yielded mostly disturbed step-heating spectra which suggest variable cooling through the argon retention interval for microcline during the Late Jurassic. This timing coincides with the recently recognized subduction and closure of the Meliata-Hallstatt ocean to the south of the Northern Calcareous Alps and strongly suggests that the observed deep-burial fluid-rock reactions were related to Jurassic deformation and melange formation of these Permian evaporites. C1 Univ Innsbruck, Inst Geol & Palaontol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. Univ Bern, Inst Geol, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Lehrstuhl Angew Mineral & Geochem, D-85747 Garching, Germany. RP Spotl, C (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Geol & Palaontol, Innrain 52, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM christoph.spoetl@uibk.ac.at RI Longstaffe, Fred/A-6843-2008 NR 76 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0037-0746 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD DEC PY 1998 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1019 EP 1044 PG 26 WC Geology SC Geology GA 160MB UT WOS:000078233500004 ER PT J AU Ramotnik, CA AF Ramotnik, CA TI First record of the round-tailed horned lizard, Phrynosoma modestum, in Colorado SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article C1 Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Ramotnik, CA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 43 IS 4 BP 498 EP 499 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 162RL UT WOS:000078360500015 ER PT J AU Safak, E AF Safak, E TI Propagation of seismic waves in tall buildings SO STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF TALL BUILDINGS LA English DT Article AB A discrete-time wave propagation formulation of the seismic response of tall buildings is introduced. The building is modeled as a layered medium, similar to a layered soil medium, and is subjected to vertically propagating seismic shear waves. Soil layers and the bedrock under the foundation are incorporated in the formulation as additional layers. Seismic response is expressed in terms of the wave travel times between the layers, and the wave reflection and transmission coefficients at the layer interfaces. The equations account for the frequency-dependent filtering effects of the foundation and floor masses. The calculation of seismic response is reduced to a pair of simple finite-difference equations for each layer, which can be solved recursively starting from the bedrock. Compared to the commonly used vibration formulation, the wave propagation formulation provides several advantages, including simplified calculations, better representation of damping, ability to account for the effects of the soil layers under the foundation, and better tools for identification and damage detection from seismic records. Examples presented show the versatility of the method. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Safak, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1062-8002 J9 STRUCT DES TALL BUIL JI Struct. Des. Tall Build. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 7 IS 4 BP 295 EP 306 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 148VK UT WOS:000077554100003 ER PT J AU Hagstrum, JT Sedlock, RL AF Hagstrum, JT Sedlock, RL TI Remagnetization of Cretaceous forearc strata on Santa Margarita and Magdalena Islands, Baja California sur: Implications for northward transport along the California margin SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW MAGNETIC INCLINATIONS; GREAT VALLEY SEQUENCE; JURASSIC RADIOLARIAN CHERT; COAST RANGE OPHIOLITE; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; TERRANE TRANSLATION; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; FRANCISCAN COMPLEX; PALEOMAGNETIC DATA; CEDROS ISLAND AB Paleomagnetic data for two sections of Cretaceous forearc strata with different structural attitudes an Santa Margarita and Magdalena Islands in Baja California Sur, Mexico, indicate that these rocks have been remagnetized, probably during the late Cenozoic. The in situ paleomagnetic directions, however, are similar to data from other Cretaceous racks on peninsular California with unexpectedly shallow inclinations and easterly declinations. These data have been interpreted as indicating either northward tectonic transport (10 degrees-15 degrees of latitude) and clockwise rotation (>20 degrees) or compaction shallowing of magnetic inclinations in sedimentary rocks combined with southwestward tilting of plutonic racks. The available paleomagnetic data for Cretaceous forearc strata in southern and Baja California can be divided into three groups: (1) sections with normal-polarity magnetizations that fail fold tests and are remagnetized, (2) sections with normal-polarity magnetizations with no or inconclusive fold tests that may or may not be remagnetized, and (3) sections with both normal- and reversed-polarity intervals where pervasive remagnetization has not occurred. Other rocks of the Mesozoic Great Valley Group, Coast Range ophiolite, and Franciscan Complex in California also have secondary magnetizations with directions similar to younger geomagnetic field directions. Although these widespread remagnetizations could have variable local causes, we propose regional burial and uplift, related to changes in subduction parameters, as a possible explanation. Two episodes of remagnetization are apparent: one in the Late Cretaceous and a second in the late Cenozoic. On the other hand, the unremagnetized and apparently reliable data from sedimentary and plutonic rocks on the Baja Peninsula consistently indicate northward translation (14 degrees+/-3 degrees) and clockwise rotation (29 degrees+/-8 degrees) with respect to North America since the Late Cretaceous. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Geol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Hagstrum, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 937, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD DEC PY 1998 VL 17 IS 6 BP 872 EP 882 DI 10.1029/1998TC900009 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 146ZU UT WOS:000077464400004 ER PT J AU Burns, DA Hooper, RP McDonnell, JJ Freer, JE Kendall, C Beven, K AF Burns, DA Hooper, RP McDonnell, JJ Freer, JE Kendall, C Beven, K TI Base cation concentrations in subsurface flow from a forested hillslope: The role of flushing frequency SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STREAMWATER CHEMISTRY; STORM-FLOW; TOPOGRAPHIC CONTROLS; RUNOFF GENERATION; SOIL-MOISTURE; CATCHMENT; MODEL; WATER; DISCHARGE; GEORGIA AB A 20-m-wide trench was excavated to bedrock on a hillslope at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed in the Piedmont region of Georgia to determine the effect of upslope drainage area from the soil and bedrock surfaces on the geochemical evolution of base cation concentrations ir: subsurface flow. Samples were collected from ten 2-m sections and five natural soil pipes during three winter rainstorms in 1996. Base cation concentrations in hillslope subsurface flow were generally highest early and late in the storm response when flow rates were low, but during peak flow, concentrations varied little. Base cation concentrations in matrix flow from the 10 trench sections were unrelated to the soil surface drainage area and weakly inversely related to the bedrock surface drainage area. Base cation concentrations in pipe flow were lower than those in matrix flow and were also consistent with the inverse relation to bedrock surface drainage area found in matrix flow. The left side of the trench, which has the highest bedrock surface drainage area, had consistently lower mean base cation concentrations than the right side of the trench, which has the lowest bedrock surface drainage area. During moderate size rain events of about 20-40 mm, subsurface flow occurred only on the left side of the trench. The greater volume of water that has flowed through the left side of the trench appears to have resulted in greater leaching of base cations from soils and therefore lower base cation concentrations in subsurface flow than in flow from the right side of the trench. Alternatively, a greater proportion of flow that bypasses the soil matrix may have occurred through the hillslope on the left side of the trench than on the right side. Flushing frequency links spatial hillslope water flux with the evolution of groundwater and soil chemistry. C1 US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Lancaster, Ctr Res Environm Syst, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Burns, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RI Freer, Jim/C-7335-2009; Beven, Keith/F-8707-2011; Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009; McDonnell, Jeffrey/I-6400-2013 NR 51 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 34 IS 12 BP 3535 EP 3544 DI 10.1029/98WR02450 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 145VV UT WOS:000077393000027 ER PT J AU Thompson, DM Nelson, JM Wohl, EE AF Thompson, DM Nelson, JM Wohl, EE TI Interactions between pool geometry and hydraulics SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY-REVERSAL HYPOTHESIS; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; RECIRCULATING FLOW; RIFFLE SEQUENCES; GRAND-CANYON; RIVER; SEDIMENT; CHANNEL; SIMULATION; GRADIENT AB An experimental and computational research approach was used to determine interactions between pool geometry and hydraulics. A 20-m-long, 1.8-m-wide flume was used to investigate the effect of four different geometric aspects of pool shape on flow velocity. Plywood sections were used to systematically alter constriction width, pool depth, pool length, and pool exit-slope gradient, each at two separate levels. Using the resulting 16 unique geometries with mea:jured pool velocities in four-way factorial analyses produced an empirical assessment of the role of the four geometric aspects on the pool flow patterns and hence the stability of the pool. To complement the conclusions of these analyses, a two-dimensional computational flow model was used to investigate the relationships between pool geometry and flow patterns over a wider range of conditions. Both experimental and computational results show that constriction and depth effects dominate in the jet section of the pool and that pool length exhibits an increasing effect within the recirculating-eddy system. The pool exit slope appears to force flow reattachment. Pool length controls recirculating-eddy length and vena contracta strength. In turn, the vena contracta and recirculating eddy control velocities throughout the pool. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Earth Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Thompson, DM (reprint author), Connecticut Coll, Dept Phys Astron & Geophys, Campus Box 5585,270 Mohegan Ave, New London, CT 06320 USA. RI Thompson, Douglas /O-2434-2014 OI Thompson, Douglas /0000-0003-1137-4326 NR 25 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 34 IS 12 BP 3673 EP 3681 DI 10.1029/1998WR900004 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 145VV UT WOS:000077393000039 ER PT J AU Naff, RL AF Naff, RL TI A note on conservative transport in anisotropic, heterogeneous porous media in the presence of small-amplitude transients SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT TRACER TEST; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; AQUIFERS; FLOW; MACRODISPERSION; DISPERSION; MOVEMENT; SAND AB The late-time macrodispersion coefficients are obtained for the case of flow in the presence of a small-scale deterministic transient in a three-dimensional anisotropic, heterogeneous medium. The transient is assumed to affect only the velocity component transverse to the mean flow direction and to take the form of a periodic function. For the case of a highly stratified medium, these late-time macrodispersion coefficients behave largely as the standard coefficients used in the transport equation. Only in the event that the medium is isotropic is it probable that significant deviations from the standard coefficients would occur. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Naff, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 413, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 34 IS 12 BP 3693 EP 3699 DI 10.1029/98WR02768 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 145VV UT WOS:000077393000042 ER PT J AU Osterkamp, WR AF Osterkamp, WR TI Processes of fluvial island formation, with examples from Plum Creek, Colorado and Snake River, Idaho SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE fluvial island; flood plain; avulsion; incision; channel migration; biophysical continuum ID SUB-ALPINE RIVER; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; VIRGINIA; LANDFORMS; MONTANA; SHAPES; USA AB A fluvial island is a landform, elevated above and surrounded by stream-channel branches or waterways, that persists sufficiently long to establish permanent vegetation. Natural fluvial islands occur in any part of a drainage network but most commonly in montane, piedmont-valley, and coastal flood-plain environments. Processes, often interactive, by which islands form include avulsion (the sudden separation of land by a flood or by an abrupt change in the course of a stream), rapid and gradual channel incision, channel migration, dissection of both rapidly and slowly deposited bed sediment, and deposition of bed sediment on a vegetated surface or behind a channel obstruction. Products of high-energy conditions, fluvial islands typically lack stability over decades to millennia. Fluvial islands in Plum Creek, Colorado, USA, results of sorting processes following a recent high-magnitude flood, and in the Snake River, Idaho, USA, partly results of the Pleistocene Bonneville Flood, illustrate how islands form, develop, and disappear. The examples consider differing conditions of island shape, size, height, sediment, and vegetation. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Osterkamp, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1675 W Anklam Rd, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. NR 53 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 1998 VL 18 IS 4 BP 530 EP 545 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 151RD UT WOS:000077733700004 ER PT J AU Auble, GT Scott, ML AF Auble, GT Scott, ML TI Fluvial disturbance patches and cottonwood recruitment along the upper Missouri River, Montana SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE dam; flood; livestock grazing; hydrogeomorphic; ice; Populus deltoides; riparian; seedling demography; streamflow ID PLAINS COTTONWOOD; SOUTHERN ALBERTA; GREAT-PLAINS; ESTABLISHMENT; VEGETATION; FLOODPLAIN; DOWNSTREAM; SURVIVAL; FORESTS; DAMS AB The disturbance patches most suitable for seedling establishment of pioneer riparian trees are also subject to future disturbances that produce high seedling mortality. We are monitoring plains cottonwood seedling establishment and mortality along the Wild and Scenic reach of the Missouri River upstream of Fort Peck Reservoir. Montana at four sites subject to livestock grazing and four paired, ungrazed exclosures. New seedlings at these sites were largely restricted to surfaces inundated by spring and summer flows. Winter ice drives and livestock grazing are important mortality factors along the study reach. Livestock grazing reduced seedling densities, although the position of these seedlings in normal flow years means it is unlikely that they will survive future disturbance. Average values of the maximum density parameter of a Gaussian curve of seedling distribution along a hydraulic gradient of inundating discharge were 30 and 114 seedlings/m(2) on ungrazed sites in 1996 and 1997, compared to 19 and 18 seedlings/m(2) for grazed sites. Water-surface elevations produced by ice drives and damming in the severe winter of 1995-1996 corresponded to inundating discharges of 1,670 to 4,580 m(3)/s. No existing trees at the study sites occurred at inundating discharges below 1.625 m(3)/s. Seedlings established as a result of maximum summer flows of 827 and 1,201 m(3)/s in 1996 and 1997 were all below the elevation of the 10-year return flow of 1,495 m(3)/s. Recruitment of plains cottonwood trees along this reach of the Missouri River is strongly dependent on infrequent high flows that position moist, bare disturbed patches high enough for seedlings to establish and survive subsequent flooding and ice scour, in contrast to other reaches and streams where hydrogeomophic processes of channel meandering and narrowing produce different patterns of disturbance patches. C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Auble, GT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, 4512 Mcmurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 38 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 1998 VL 18 IS 4 BP 546 EP 556 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 151RD UT WOS:000077733700005 ER PT J AU Friedman, JM Osterkamp, WR Scott, ML Auble, GT AF Friedman, JM Osterkamp, WR Scott, ML Auble, GT TI Downstream effects of dams on channel geometry and bottomland vegetation: Regional patterns in the Great Plains SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE channel geometry; cottonwood; dam; forest; Great Plains; riparian; sediment ID RIPARIAN COTTONWOODS; EASTERN COLORADO; MISSOURI RIVER; SOUTHERN ALBERTA; FLOW REGULATION; MILK RIVER; MONTANA; ESTABLISHMENT; FLOODPLAIN; FRAGMENTATION AB The response of rivers and riparian forests to upstream dams shows a regional pattern related to physiographic and climatic factors that influence channel geometry. We carried out a spatial analysis of the response of channel geometry to 35 dams in the Great Plains and Central Lowlands, USA. The principal response of a braided channel to an upstream dam is channel-narrowing, and the principal response of a meandering channel is a reduction in channel migration rate. Prior to water management, braided channels were most common in the southwestern Plains where sand is abundant, whereas meandering channels were most common in the northern and eastern Plains. The dominant response to upstream dams has been channel-narrowing in the southwestern Plains (e.g., sis of nine cases in the High Plains) and reduction in migration race in the north and east (e.g, all of twelve cases in the Missouri Plateau and Western Lake Regions). Channel-narrowing is associated with a burst of establishment of native and exotic woody riparian pioneer species on the former channel bed. In contrast, reduction in channel migration rate is associated with a decrease in reproduction of woody riparian pioneers. Thus, riparian pioneer forests along large rivers in the southwestern Plains have temporarily increased following dam construction while such forests in the north and east have decreased. These patterns explain apparent contradictions in conclusions of studies that focused on single rivers or small regions anti provide a framework for predicting effects of dams on large rivers in the Gnat Plains and elsewhere. These conclusions are valid only for large rivers. A spatial analysis of channel width along 286 streams ranging in mean annual discharge from 0.004 to 1370 cubic meters per second did not produce the same clear regional pattern, in part because the channel geometries of small and large streams are affected differently by a sandy watershed. C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Friedman, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, 4512 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. OI Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-1329-0663 NR 89 TC 139 Z9 143 U1 5 U2 52 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 1998 VL 18 IS 4 BP 619 EP 633 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 151RD UT WOS:000077733700011 ER PT J AU Gladwin, DN Roelle, JE AF Gladwin, DN Roelle, JE TI Survival of plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera) and saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima) seedlings in response to flooding SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE flooding; seedlings; plains cottonwood; saltcedar; restoration; riparian ID RIPARIAN AB We examined the response of first year saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima) and plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera) seedlings to flooding in fall (25 days) and spring (28 days) using pot-grown plants (12-18 individuals/26.5-liter pot). Seedlings were initially counted in all pots prior to fall treatment. Survival was calculated as the proportion of seedlings in each pot still alive following spring treatment. Mean survival rates of seedlings flooded in fall (saltcedar = 0.8%, cottonwood = 20.8%, n = 14 pots) were lower compared to the spring flooding treatment (saltcedar = 91.1%, cottonwood = 92.2%, n = 13) and control (saltcedar = 93.9%, cottonwood = 98.7%, n = 14). We used multiple response per-mutation procedures to detect omnibus distributional differences in survival data (total tests = 9) because assumptions of normality and equal variance were not met. Survival distributions differed between saltcedar and cottonwood fall flooding groups (P < 0.0001) and between fall flooding and control groups for both species (P < 0.0001). No differences in survival distributions were detected between species or treatments for the control rind spring treatment groups (P > 0.07). Smaller size and consequent lack of energy reserves may account for lower survival of saltcedar compared to cottonwood in the fall treatment and for lower survival of both species in the fall treatment compared to the spring treatment. Fall flooding for controlling first year saltcedar seedlings is suggested as a potentially useful technique in riparian habitat restoration and manage ment in die southwestern United States. C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Gladwin, DN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, 4512 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 34 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 1998 VL 18 IS 4 BP 669 EP 674 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 151RD UT WOS:000077733700015 ER PT J AU Clark, JR AF Clark, JR TI Leopold's land ethic: A vision for today SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE A Sand County Almanac; conservation; ecosystem management; land ethics; USFWS C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA. RP Clark, JR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1849 C St NW,Suite 3256, Washington, DC 20240 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 4 BP 719 EP 724 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 196RN UT WOS:000080321500006 ER PT J AU Bangs, EE Fritts, SH Fontaine, JA Smith, DW Murphy, KM Mack, CM Niemeyer, CC AF Bangs, EE Fritts, SH Fontaine, JA Smith, DW Murphy, KM Mack, CM Niemeyer, CC TI Status of gray wolf restoration in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; experimental population; gray wolf; livestock depredation; reintroduction; restoration ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; POPULATION C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. Nez Perce Tribe, Lapwai, ID 83540 USA. Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, E Helena, MT 59635 USA. RP Bangs, EE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 100 N Pk,320, Helena, MT 59601 USA. NR 27 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 11 U2 81 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 4 BP 785 EP 798 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 196RN UT WOS:000080321500016 ER PT J AU Parsons, DR AF Parsons, DR TI "Green fire" returns to the Southwest: reintroduction of the Mexican wolf SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus baileyi; litigation; Mexican gray wolf; non-essential experimental population; propagation; public attitudes; reintroduction C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. RP Parsons, DR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 1306, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 30 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 4 BP 799 EP 807 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 196RN UT WOS:000080321500017 ER PT J AU Gipson, PS Ballard, WB Nowak, RM AF Gipson, PS Ballard, WB Nowak, RM TI Famous North American wolves and the credibility of early wildlife literature SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; credibility; depredations; literature; livestock; wolves ID AGE-DETERMINATION; GRAY WOLVES; WOLF; PREDATION AB We evaluated the credibility of early literature about famous North American wolves (Canis lupus). Many famous wolves were reported to be older than they actually were, and we estimated they did not live long enough to have caused purported damage to livestock and game animals. Wolf kill rates on free-ranging livestock appeared to be inflated compared to recently published kill rates on native ungulates and livestock. Surplus killing of sheep and goats may have accounted for some high kill rates, but surplus killing of free-ranging longhorn cattle probably did not occur. Some famous wolves may actually have been dogs (C. familiaris), wolf-dog hybrids, or possibly coyote (C. latrans)-dog hybrids. We documented instances where early authors appeared to embellish or fabricate information about famous wolves. Caution should be exercised when using early literature about wolves as a basis for wolf management decisions. C1 US Geol Survey, Kansas Fis & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Gipson, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Kansas Fis & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, 205 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 69 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 4 BP 808 EP 816 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 196RN UT WOS:000080321500018 ER PT J AU Mech, LD AF Mech, LD TI Estimated costs of maintaining a recovered wolf population in agricultural regions of Minnesota SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; economics; endangered species; population; predator control; recovery; wild life damage; wolf ID CANIS-LUPUS; WOLVES AB The annual costs of maintaining Minnesota gray wolves (Canis lupus), now numbering about 2,500, under 2 plans are compared: (1) maintaining a population of about 1,400 primarily in the wilderness and semi-wilderness as recommended by the Eastern Timber Wolf Recovery Plan, and (2) allowing wolves to continue colonizing agricultural areas for 5 years after removal from the endangered species list, as recommended by a consensus of wolf stakeholders (Minnesota Wolf Management Roundtable). Under the first plan, each year an estimated 27 farms would suffer livestock losses; wolves would kill about 3 dogs; 36 wolves would be destroyed; and the cost per wolf in the total population would be $86. Under the second plan, conservative estimates are that by the year 2005, there would be an estimated 3,500 wolves; each year 94-171 farms would suffer damage; wolves would kill 8-52 dogs; 109-438 wolves would have to be killed for depredation control; and the annual cost averaged over the total population would be $86 for each of the 1,438 wolves living primarily in the wilderness and an additional $197 for each wolf outside the wilderness. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Biol Resources, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), N Cent Forest Expt Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 27 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 4 BP 817 EP 822 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 196RN UT WOS:000080321500019 ER PT J AU Merrill, SB Adams, LG Nelson, ME Mech, LD AF Merrill, SB Adams, LG Nelson, ME Mech, LD TI Testing releasable GPS radiocollars on wolves and white-tailed deer SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Alaska; GPS; location data; Minnesota; movements; satellites; telemetry; white-tailed deer; wolves ID ANIMAL LOCATION SYSTEM; DIFFERENTIAL CORRECTION; COLLAR; PERFORMANCE; ACCURACY AB We tested prototype GPS collars on 8 free-ranging wolves (Canis lupus) and 3 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) for varying periods between February and August 1997, We programmed the 920-gm collars to make a location attempt 6-96 times per day. The collars were designed to be remotely released from the animal and the data were then downloaded to a desktop computer. The collars produced 47-1,549 locations each during 11-41 days; locations were successful in 26-95% of the attempts ((x) over bar = 70%). Eight collars released successfully. Three collar-release failures were caused by condensation. Two collars had GPS antennas that were improperly attached and did not collect data. Life was as long as, or longer than, expected in 4 collars, less than expected in 5 collars, and unknown in 2 collars. Limitations of this type of collar include brief life if programmed at short location-attempt intervals (less than or equal to 1 hr) and possible drop-off failure. Nevertheless, the large volume of data we collected with no field telemetry effort demonstrates the potential for this type of GPS collar to answer questions about movements of medium-sized mammals. C1 Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Little Falls, MN 56345 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Biol Resources, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Merrill, SB (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Camp Ripley Headquarters,15000 Hwy 15, Little Falls, MN 56345 USA. NR 18 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 4 BP 830 EP 835 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 196RN UT WOS:000080321500021 ER PT J AU Neal, JC Montague, WG Richardson, DM Withgott, JH AF Neal, JC Montague, WG Richardson, DM Withgott, JH TI Exclusion of rat snakes from red-cockaded woodpecker cavities SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Elaphe obsoleta; endangered species recovery; Picoides borealis; predation; rat snake; red-cockaded woodpecker; snake excluder device AB Snake excluder devices (SNEDs) were installed on occupied roost and nest trees of red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) from 1993 through 1995 in the Ouachita National Forest in Arkansas and at Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge in Mississippi. The SNEDs consisted of a strip of smooth aluminum flashing wrapped around a tree bole; flashing widths varied from 51 cm to 91.4 cm. Eighteen overclimbs by snakes occurred on 107 SNEDs <91.4 cm wide; only 1 overclimb occurred on 92 SNEDs 91.4 cm wide. Inexpensive, easy-to-install SNEDs of adequate width are effective (but not necessarily foolproof) in preventing snakes from climbing nest cavity trees (P = 0.01). These devices, which are nonlethal to snakes, may reduce brood losses of red-cockaded woodpeckers. C1 US Forest Serv, Poteau Ranger Dist, USDA, Waldron, AR 72958 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Noxubee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Brooksville, MS 39739 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Neal, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Poteau Ranger Dist, USDA, POB 2255, Waldron, AR 72958 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 4 BP 851 EP 854 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 196RN UT WOS:000080321500024 ER PT J AU Richardson, DM Bradford, JW Gentry, BJ Hall, JL AF Richardson, DM Bradford, JW Gentry, BJ Hall, JL TI Evaluation of a pick-up tool for removing red-cockaded woodpecker nestlings from cavities SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE capturing; nestlings; pick-up tool; red-cockaded woodpecker ID PICOIDES-BOREALIS C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Noxubee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Brooksville, MS 39739 USA. RP Richardson, DM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Noxubee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Route 1,Box 142, Brooksville, MS 39739 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 4 BP 855 EP 858 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 196RN UT WOS:000080321500025 ER PT J AU Boarman, WI Beigel, ML Goodlett, GC Sazaki, M AF Boarman, WI Beigel, ML Goodlett, GC Sazaki, M TI A passive integrated transponder system for tracking animal movements SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE desert tortoise; marking; movements; PIT tags; RF-ID; technology; Testudinidae; tracking AB We describe an automated system that uses passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to track movements of animals past specific locations. The system was designed to operate maintenance free for several months, be secure from vandalism and environmental damage, and record the identity, date, and time of passage of animals past a 2.4-m wide area. We used the system to monitor effectively the movements of 172 desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) through 2 storm drain culverts that pass beneath a state highway in the Mojave Desert, California. Four tortoises entered or passed through the culverts on 60 occasions. The system can be easily adapted to other species. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. AVID Inc, Norco, CA USA. Beigel Technol Corp, Corona, CA 91760 USA. On Track Consulting & Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Calif Energy Commiss, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Boarman, WI (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 8 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 4 BP 886 EP 891 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 196RN UT WOS:000080321500030 ER PT J AU Kessler, WB Csanyi, S Field, R AF Kessler, WB Csanyi, S Field, R TI International trends in university education for wildlife conservation and management SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE conservation education; international wildlife conservation; university curricula; wildlife curricula; wildlife education ID SOCIETY C1 Univ No British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. Univ Agr Sci, Dept Wildlife Biol & Management, H-2103 Godollo, Hungary. US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Kessler, WB (reprint author), Univ No British Columbia, 3333 Univ Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 4 BP 927 EP 936 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 196RN UT WOS:000080321500036 ER PT J AU Michaels, HL Cully, JF AF Michaels, HL Cully, JF TI Landscape and fine scale habitat associations of the loggerhead shrike SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LANIUS-LUDOVICIANUS; VEGETATION; ABUNDANCE; BIRDS AB This study was conducted to determine landscape and fine-scale vegetative variables associated with breeding Loggerhead Shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus) on Fort Riley Military Reservation, Kansas. Because Fort Riley is an Army training site, the influences of training disturbance to the vegetation, and range management practices on bird habitat patterns were also investigated. Breeding birds were surveyed in 1995 and 1996 using point counts. Survey plots were identified, a priori, at the landscape scale as either grassland, savannah, or woodland edge according to cover by woody vegetation. In 1996, fine-scale habitat at survey points and at bird use sites was measured and a principal components analysis used to characterize the fine-scale herbaceous vegetation structure. A military disturbance index was developed to quantify the severity of vehicle disturbance to the vegetation at survey and bird use sites. Shrikes were associated with savannah habitat at the landscape scale. Sites used by Loggerhead Shrikes were characterized at the fine-scale by tall, sparse, structurally heterogeneous herbaceous vegetation with high standing dead plant cover and low litter cover. At the fine-scale, tree and shrub density did not differ between sites used and not used by shrikes. Used sites did not differ from survey sites with respect to military training disturbance, hay harvest, or the number of years since a site was last burned. Our results in this study suggest that the shifting mosaic of vegetation on Fort Riley resulting from training and range management practices maintains adequate habitat for breeding shrikes. C1 Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Cully, JF (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, 204 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM bcully@ksu.edu NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 110 IS 4 BP 474 EP 482 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 152GN UT WOS:000077768400003 ER PT J AU House, ML Kim, CH Reno, PW AF House, ML Kim, CH Reno, PW TI Soft shell clams Mya arenaria with disseminated neoplasia demonstrate reverse transcriptase activity SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE soft shell clam; Mya arenaria; disseminated neoplasia; reverse transcriptase activity ID HEMATOPOIETIC NEOPLASIA; HEMIC NEOPLASIA; MYTILUS-EDULIS; BAY; TRANSMISSION; CELLS; SARCOMA; MUSSELS AB Disseminated neoplasia (DN), a proliferative cell disorder of the circulatory system of bivalves, was first reported in oysters in 1969. Since that lime, the disease has been determined to be transmissible through water-borne exposure, but the etiological agent has not been unequivocally identified. In order to determine if a viral agent, possibly a retrovirus, could be the causative agent of DN, transmission experiments were performed, using both a cell-free filtrate and a sucrose gradient-purified preparation of a cell-free filtrate of DN positive materials. Additionally, a PCR-enhanced reverse transcriptase assay was used to determine if reverse transcriptase was present in tissues or hemolymph from DN positive soft shell clams Mya arenaria. DN was transmitted to healthy clams by injection with whole DN cells, but not with cell-free filtrates prepared from either tissues from DN positive clams, or DN cells. The cell-free preparations from DN-positive tissues and hemolymph having high levels of DN cells in circulation exhibited positive reactions in the PCR-enhanced reverse transcriptase assay. Cell-free preparations of hemolymph from clams having low levels of DN (<0.1% of cells abnormal), hemocytes from normal soft shell clams, and normal soft shell clam tissues did not pro duce a positive reaction in the PCR enhanced reverse transcriptase assay. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Fish Dis Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP House, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM marcia_house@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD NOV 30 PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.3354/dao034187 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 164UK UT WOS:000078481800005 PM 9925424 ER PT J AU Chase, DM Pascho, RJ AF Chase, DM Pascho, RJ TI Development of a nested polymerase chain reaction for amplification of a sequence of the p57 gene of Renibacterium salmoninarum that provides a highly sensitive method for detection of the bacterium in salmonid kidney SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE polymerase chain reaction; Renibacterium salmoninarum; p57 protein; bacterial kidney disease; BKD detection ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ATLANTIC SALMON; FISH PATHOGEN; CAUSATIVE AGENT; SALAR L; SOLUBLE-ANTIGEN; FALSE POSITIVES; CELOMIC FLUID AB Nucleic acid-based assays have shown promise for diagnosing Renibacterium salmoninarum in tissues and body fluids of salmonids. Development of a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to detect a 320 bp DNA segment of the gene encoding the p57 protein of R. salmoninarum is described. Whereas a conventional PCR for a 383 bp segment of the p57 gene reliably detected 1000 R. salmoninarum cells per reaction in kidney tissue, the nested PCR detected as few as 10 R. salmoninarum per reaction in kidney tissue. Two DNA extraction methods for the nested PCR were compared and the correlation between replicate samples was generally higher in samples extracted by the QIAamp system compared with those extracted by the phenol/chloroform method. The specificity of the nested PCR was confirmed by testing DNA extracts of common bacterial fish pathogens and a panel of bacterial species reported to cause false-positive reactions in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) for R, salmoninarum. Kidney samples from 74 naturally infected chinook salmon were examined by the nested PCR, the ELISA, and the FAT, and the detected prevalences of R, salmoninarum were 61, 47, and 43 %, respectively. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Chase, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM ron_pascho@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD NOV 30 PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 223 EP 229 DI 10.3354/dao034223 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 164UK UT WOS:000078481800011 PM 9925428 ER PT J AU Fahnestock, JT Jones, MH Brooks, PD Walker, DA Welker, JM AF Fahnestock, JT Jones, MH Brooks, PD Walker, DA Welker, JM TI Winter and early spring CO2 efflux from tundra communities of northern Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ARCTIC TUNDRA; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; SOILS; FLUX; ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE; SINK; SNOW AB Carbon dioxide concentrations through snow were measured in different arctic tundra communities on the North Slope of Alaska during winter and early spring of 1996. Subnivean CO2 concentrations were always higher than atmospheric CO2. A steady state diffusion model was used to generate conservative estimates of CO2 flow to the atmosphere. The magnitude of CO2 efflux differed with tundra community type, and rates of carbon release increased from March to May. Winter CO2 efflux was highest in riparian and snow bed communities and lowest in dry heath, upland tussock, and wet sedge communities. Snow generally accrues earlier in winter and is deeper in riparian and snow bed communities compared with other tundra communities, which are typically windswept and do not accumulate much snow during the winter. These results support the hypothesis that early and deep snow accumulation may insulate microbial populations from very cold temperatures, allowing sites with earlier snow cover to sustain higher levels of activity throughout winter compared to communities that have later developing snow cover. Extrapolating our estimates of CO2 efflux to the entire snow-covered season indicates that total carbon flux during winter in the Arctic is 13-109 kg CO2-C ha(-1), depending on the vegetation community type. Wintertime CO2 flux is a potentially important, yet largely overlooked, part of the annual carbon cycle of tundra, and carbon release during winter should be accounted for in estimates of annual carbon balance in arctic ecosystems. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USGS, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Fahnestock, JT (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jacef@uwyo.edu RI Welker, Jeffrey/C-9493-2013 NR 36 TC 110 Z9 122 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D22 BP 29023 EP 29027 DI 10.1029/98JD00805 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 142JB UT WOS:000077196200035 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, C AF Shoemaker, C TI Space - Where now, and why? SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Shoemaker, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 27 PY 1998 VL 282 IS 5394 BP 1637 EP 1638 DI 10.1126/science.282.5394.1637 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 143GJ UT WOS:000077246600016 ER PT J AU Julian, BR AF Julian, BR TI Eruption dynamics - Rumbling geysers (and volcanoes) SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID OLD-FAITHFUL GEYSER; SEISMICITY; TREMOR C1 US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Julian, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 26 PY 1998 VL 396 IS 6709 BP 311 EP + DI 10.1038/24489 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 142MJ UT WOS:000077204000022 ER PT J AU Law, BE Ulmishek, GF Clayton, JL Kabyshev, BP Pashova, NT Krivosheya, VA AF Law, BE Ulmishek, GF Clayton, JL Kabyshev, BP Pashova, NT Krivosheya, VA TI Basin-centered gas evaluated in Dnieper-Donets basin, Donbas foldbelt, Ukraine SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GEOLOGY C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Ukrainian State Geol Inst, Chernigog, Ukraine. Ukrainian State Geol Inst, Poltava, Ukraine. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74101 USA SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD NOV 23 PY 1998 VL 96 IS 47 BP 74 EP 78 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 142ZR UT WOS:000077231300023 ER PT J AU Arthur, MA Dean, WE Laarkamp, K AF Arthur, MA Dean, WE Laarkamp, K TI Organic carbon accumulation and preservation in surface sediments on the Peru margin SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE organic carbon; hydrogen index; oxygen-minimum zone; preservation; slope currents ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ENHANCED PRESERVATION; MATTER PRESERVATION; OXYGEN MINIMUM; BLACK-SEA; PYROLYSIS; RATES; UNDERCURRENT; 15-DEGREES-S; ENVIRONMENTS AB Concentrations and characteristics of organic matter in surface sediments deposited under an intense oxygen-minimum zone on the Peru margin were studied in samples from deck-deployed box cores and push cores acquired by submersible on two transects spanning depths of 75 to 1000 m at 12 degrees and 13.5 degrees S. The source of organic matter to the seafloor in these areas is almost entirely marine material as confirmed by the narrow range of delta(13)C of organic carbon obtained in the present study (-20.3 to -21.6%; PDB) and the lack of any relationship between pyrolysis hydrogen index and carbon isotope composition. Organic carbon contents are highest (up to 16%) on the slope at depths between 75 and 350 m in sediments deposited under intermediate water masses with low dissolved oxygen concentrations (<5 mu mol/kg). Even at these low concentrations of dissolved oxygen, however, the surface sediments that were recovered from these depths are dominantly unlaminated. Strong currents (up to 30 cm/s) associated with the poleward-flowing Peru Undercurrent were measured at depths between 160 and 300 m on both transects. The seafloor in this range of water depths is characterized by bedforms stabilized by bacterial mats, extensive authigenic mineral crusts, and (or) thick organic flocs. Constant advection of dissolved oxygen, although in low concentrations, active resuspension of surficial organic matter, activity of organisms, and transport of fine-grained sediment to and from more oxygenated zones all contribute to greater degradation and poorer initial preservation of organic matter than might be expected under oxygen-deficient conditions. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations ultimately may be the dominant affect on organic matter characteristics, but reworking of fine-grained sediment and organic matter by strong bottom currents and redeposition on the seafloor in areas of lower energy also exert important controls on organic carbon concentration and degree of oxidation in this region. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Arthur, MA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM arthur@geosc.psu.edu RI Arthur, Michael/E-2872-2014 OI Arthur, Michael/0000-0002-3028-6279 NR 52 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD NOV 16 PY 1998 VL 152 IS 3-4 BP 273 EP 286 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00120-X PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 137CQ UT WOS:000076897500004 ER PT J AU Hopple, JA Hannon, JE Coplen, TB AF Hopple, JA Hannon, JE Coplen, TB TI Comparison of two stable hydrogen isotope-ratio measurement techniques on Antarctic surface-water and ice samples SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen isotope ratios; deuterium; platinum; hydrogen isotopes AB A comparison of the new hydrogen isotope-ratio technique of Vaughn et al. ([Vaughn, B.H., White, J.W.C., Delmotte, M., Trolier, M., Cattani, O., Stievenard, M., 1998. An automated system for hydrogen isotope analysis of water. Chem. Geol. (Isot. Geosci. Sect.), 152, 309-319]; the article immediately preceding this article) for the analysis of water samples utilizing automated on-line reduction by elemental uranium showed that 94% of 165 samples of Antarctic snow, ice, and stream water agreed with the delta(2)H values determined by H-2-H2O platinum equilibration, exhibiting a bias of + 0.5% and a 2 - sigma variation of 1.9%. The isotopic results of 10 reduction technique samples, however, gave delta(2)H values that differed by 3.5% or more, and were too negative by as much as 5.4% anal too positive by as much as 4.9% with respect to those determined using the platinum equilibration technique. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Hopple, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD NOV 16 PY 1998 VL 152 IS 3-4 BP 321 EP 323 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00118-1 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 137CQ UT WOS:000076897500007 ER PT J AU Gulick, SPS Meltzer, AM Clarke, SH AF Gulick, SPS Meltzer, AM Clarke, SH TI Seismic structure of the southern Cascadia subduction zone and accretionary prism north of the Mendocino triple junction SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID DE-FUCA PLATE; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; REFLECTION PROFILE; FLUID EXPULSION; THRUST BELTS; GORDA PLATE; OREGON; VELOCITY; TECTONICS; SEDIMENTS AB Four multichannel-seismic reflection profiles, collected as part of the Mendocino triple junction seismic experiment, image the toe of the southern Cascadia accretionary prism. Today, 250-600 m of sediment is subducting with the Gorda plate, and 1500-3200 m is accreting to the northern California margin. Faults imaged west and east of the deformation front shaw mixed structural vergence. A north-south trending, 20 km long portion of the central margin is landward vergent for the outer 6-8 km of the toe of the prism. This region of landward vergence exhibits no frontal thrust, is unusually steep and narrow, and is likely caused by a seaward-dipping backstop close to the deformation front. The lack of margin-wide preferred seaward vergence and wedge-taper analysis suggests the prism has low basal shear stress. The three southern lines image wedge-shaped fragments of oceanic crust 1.1-7.3 km in width and 250-700 m thick near the deformation front. These wedges suggest shortening and thickening of the upper oceanic crust. Discontinuities in the seafloor west of the prism provide evidence for mass wasting in the form of slump blocks and debris fans. The southernmost profile extends 75 km west of the prism imaging numerous faults that offset both the Gorda basin oceanic crust and overlying sediments. These high-angle faults, bounding basement highs, are interpreted as strike-slip faults reactivating structures originally formed at the spreading ridge. Northeast or northwest trending strike-slip faults within the basin are consistent with published focal mechanism solutions and are likely caused by north-south Gorda-Pacific plate convergence. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Gulick, SPS (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 31 Williams Dr, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM ssg2@lehigh.edu; asm3@lehigh.edu; sclarke@octopus.wr.usgs.gov RI Gulick, Sean/C-1039-2008 OI Gulick, Sean/0000-0003-4740-9068 NR 60 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 10 PY 1998 VL 103 IS B11 BP 27207 EP 27222 DI 10.1029/98JB02526 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 137MQ UT WOS:000076918900021 ER PT J AU Kauahikaua, J Cashman, KV Mattox, TN Heliker, CC Hon, KA Mangan, MT Thornber, CR AF Kauahikaua, J Cashman, KV Mattox, TN Heliker, CC Hon, KA Mangan, MT Thornber, CR TI Observations on basaltic lava streams in tubes from Kilauea Volcano, island of Hawai'i SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID FLOWS; EMPLACEMENT; KUPAIANAHA; INFLATION; CHANNELS; ERUPTION; EROSION; CRUST AB From 1986 to 1997, the Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea produced a vast pahoehoe flow field fed by lava tubes that extended 10-12 km from vents on the volcano's east rift zone to the ocean. Within a kilometer of the vent, tubes were as much as 20 m high and 10-25 m wide. On steep slopes (4-10 degrees) a little farther away from the vent, some tubes formed by roofing over of lava channels. Lava streams were typically 1-2 m deep flowing within a tube that here was typically 5 m high and 3 m wide. On the coastal plain (<1 degrees), tubes within inflated sheet flows were completely filled, typically 1-2 m high, and several tens of meters wide. Tubes develop as a flow's crust grows on the top, bottom, and sides of the tubes, restricting the size of the fluid core. The tubes start out with nearly elliptical cross-sectional shapes, many times wider than high. Broad, flat sheet flows evolve into elongate tumuli with an axial crack as the flanks of the original flow were progressively buried by breakouts. Temperature measurements and the presence of stalactites in active tubes confirmed that the tube walls were above the solidus and subject to melting. Sometimes, the tubes began downcutting. Progressive downcutting was frequently observed through skylights; a rate of 10 cm/d was measured at one skylight for nearly 2 months. C1 US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Vulcanol Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Kauahikaua, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Vulcanol Observ, POB 51, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM jimk@usgs.gov OI Thornber, Carl/0000-0002-6382-4408 NR 62 TC 134 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 10 PY 1998 VL 103 IS B11 BP 27303 EP 27323 DI 10.1029/97JB03576 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 137MQ UT WOS:000076918900028 ER PT J AU Keszthelyi, L Self, S AF Keszthelyi, L Self, S TI Some physical requirements for the emplacement of long basaltic lava flows SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Review ID KILAUEA VOLCANO; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; MAUNA-LOA; HAWAII; PAHOEHOE; ERUPTION; FIELD; AA; MORPHOLOGY; CONSTRAINTS AB Long basaltic lava flows lover 100 km in length) require specific emplacement conditions to prevent the lava from freezing as it is transported to the flow front. The minimum dimensions of the lava transport systems (tubes, channels, or sheets) require that the flow have a volume greater than several cubic kilometers. Long lava flows are emplaced on slopes less than 10% (similar to 5 degrees) and the lava being transported must cool at a rate less than 0.5 degrees C/km. We show that there are two modes by which thermally efficient, long distance lava transport can be achieved: (1) "rapid" emplacement in which the lava flows so quickly that it does not cool excessively despite large heat losses and (2) "insulated" emplacement in which heat loss is minimized. We here estimate cooling in the rapid mode using a modified version of a previously published thermal model for aa flows and find that, for a range of inputs appropriate for subaerial terrestrial condition, effusion rates of at least 3100 to 11000 m(3)/s, channel flow velocities in excess of 4 - 12 m/s, and minimum channel depths of 3 - 17 m are required for basaltic flows >100 km in length. For emplacement in the insulated mode, we construct a very simple heat balance model for roofed sheet flows which shows that extremely long sheet-fed flows are possible with velocities as low as 0.2-1.4 m/s, flow thickness of 6 - 23 m, and minimum effusion rates of the order of 50 - 7100 m(3)/s. Also, earlier work has suggested that tube-fed flows more than 100 km long can be produced at effusion rates as low as several tens of m3/s and with tube diameters of a few tens of meters. We argue that flows emplaced in the rapid mode should be morphologically similar to channel-fed aa flows while those emplaced in the insulated mode should be similar to tube-fed or sheet-like inflated pahoehoe flows. This leads to several field criteria for distinguishing these two modes of emplacement in ancient lava sequences. Additional constraints on the emplacement of long lava flows are expected from the continued study of the formation and evolution of lava channels, tubes, and sheets. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Planetary Image Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Keszthelyi, L (reprint author), Hawaii Volcano Observ, POB 51, Hawaii Volcanoes Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM lpk@pirl.lpl.arizona.edu; self@soest.hawaii.edu NR 111 TC 123 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 10 PY 1998 VL 103 IS B11 BP 27447 EP 27464 DI 10.1029/98JB00606 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 137MQ UT WOS:000076918900036 ER PT J AU McCabe, PJ AF McCabe, PJ TI Energy resources - Cornucopia or empty barrel? SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; OIL; ENVIRONMENT; POPULATION AB Over the last 25 yr, considerable debate has continued about the future supply of fossil fuel. On one side are those who believe we are rapidly depleting resources and that the resulting shortages will have a profound impact on society. On the other side are those who see no impending crisis because long-term trends are for cheaper prices despite rising production. The concepts of resources and reserves have historically created considerable misunderstanding in the minds of many nongeologists. Hubbert-type predictions of energy production assume that there is a finite supply of energy that is measurable; however, estimates of resources and reserves are inventories of the amounts of a fossil fuel perceived to be available over some future period of time. As these resources/reserves are depleted over time, additional amounts of fossil fuels are inventoried. Throughout most of this century, for example, crude oil reserves in the United States have represented a 10-14-yr supply. For the last 50 yr, resource crude oil estimates have represented about a 60-70-yr supply for the United States. Division of reserve or resource estimates by current or projected annual consumption therefore is circular in reasoning and can lead to highly erroneous conclusions. Production histories of fossil fuels are driven more by demand than by the geologic abundance of the resource. Examination of some energy resources with a ell-documented histories leads to two conceptual models that relate production to price. The closed-market model assumes that there is only one source of energy available. Although the price initially may fall because of economies of scale long term, prices rise as the energy source is depleted and it becomes progressively more expensive to extract. Dy contrast, the open-market model assumes that there is a variety of available energy sources and that competition among them leads to long-term stable or falling prices. At the moment, the United States and the world approximate the open-market model, but in the long run the supply of fossil fuel is finite, and prices inevitably will rise unless alternate energy sources substitute for fossil energy supplies, however there appears little reason to suspect that long-term price trends will rise significantly over the next few decades. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr MS 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP McCabe, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr MS 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. OI McCabe, Peter/0000-0001-5262-1018 NR 95 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 82 IS 11 BP 2110 EP 2134 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 136JF UT WOS:000076855100005 ER PT J AU Ratcliffe, NM Hames, WE Stanley, RS AF Ratcliffe, NM Hames, WE Stanley, RS TI Interpretation of ages of arc magmatism, metamorphism, and collisional tectonics in the Taconian orogen of western New England SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PB ZIRCON AGES; NORTHERN VERMONT; AR-40 AR-39; ORDOVICIAN; GEOCHRONOLOGY; HISTORY; QUEBEC AB Available geochronologic ages of volcanic and intrusive rocks of the Taconian are complex of western New England suggest that the Shelburne Falls and Bronson Hill arcs are not temporally or spatially discrete. Are activity ranges from earliest Ordovician to Silurian. Activity in the Early and Middle Ordovician coincided with outboard accretionary tectonics and metamorphism that was contemporaneous with the older igneous activity in the Shelburne Falls are and Bronson Hill arcs. Activity at about 455 to 445 Ma coincides with the collisional stage of the Taconian orogeny that affected Caradocian and older rocks of the Laurentian margin. The 455 to 445 Ma range for the collisional stage of Taconian orogeny in western New England is bracketed by biostratigraphic ages of sedimentary rocks formed on the Laurentian margin anti Ar-40/Ar-39 ages of prograde hornblende formed during Taconian metamorphism. The previous Ar-40/Ar-39 age estimate of 465 Ma for this collisional and metamorphic event is now known to be too old because this age violates the age of metasedimentary rocks involved in the collisional tectonics. Acceptance of the newer Ar-40/Ar-39 age estimates of 445 to 450 Ma for Taconian metamorphism during collision establishes the contemporaneity with are activity in the Bronson Hill are. Taken together these data support the concept of a long-lived volcanic are terrane(s) that prograded oceanward. Collision with this time-composite are terrane(s) in the Caradocian produced the Taconian orogeny rather than the collision of a separate and smaller are called the "Shelburne Falls arc" by Karabinos and others (1998). C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Geol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Ratcliffe, NM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 23 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLINE GEOLOGY LABORATORY PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 298 IS 9 BP 791 EP 797 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 144XG UT WOS:000077340500003 ER PT J AU Yates, KK Robbins, LL AF Yates, KK Robbins, LL TI Production of carbonate sediments by a unicellular green alga SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER; CALCITE; PRECIPITATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CALCIFICATION AB This study investigates the ability of the unicellular green alga Nannochloris atomus to precipitate CaCO3, quantifies mineral precipitation rates, estimates sediment production in a N. atomus bloom, and discusses the implications of microbial calcification for carbonate sediment deposition. A series of N. atomus cultures, isolated from Lake Reeve, Australia, were incubated at various pH and calcium concentrations to determine environmental parameters for calcification. Rates of calcification were calculated from initial and postincubation alkalinity, pH, and calcium measurements. Replicate experiments and controls consisting of non-calcifying cultures, uninoculated media, and dead cell cultures were performed using environmental culture parameters determined in series cultures. Average calcification rates from replicate experiments were used to predict daily sediment production rates in a small bloom of N. atomus. N. atomus precipitates 0.138 g/L of calcite in approximately 4 h when incubated at pH 8.5, 14.24 mM calcium concentration, 33 degrees C, 100 mu E/m(2)/s light intensity, and a cell population density of 10(7) cells/mL. Assuming continuous precipitation, this corresponds to a maximum estimated sediment production rate of 1.6 x 10(6) kg of CaCO3 per 12 h day in a single bloom of 3.2 x 10(9) L. Our results suggest that microbial calcification contributes significantly to the carbonate sediment budget. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Yates, KK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal Geol, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 39 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 83 IS 11-12 BP 1503 EP 1509 PN 2 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 145YE UT WOS:000077399200011 ER PT J AU Miller, LG Sasson, C Oremland, RS AF Miller, LG Sasson, C Oremland, RS TI Difluoromethane, a new and improved inhibitor of methanotrophy SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHIZOSPHERIC METHANE OXIDATION; METHYL-FLUORIDE; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; METHYLOCOCCUS-CAPSULATUS; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; DIMETHYL ETHER; ACETYLENE; METHANOGENESIS; REDUCTION; BACTERIA AB Difluoromethane (HFC-32; DFM) is compared to acetylene and methyl fluoride as an inhibitor of methanotrophy in cultures and soils. DFM was found to be a reversible inhibitor of CH4 oxidation by Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath). Consumption of CH4 in soil was blocked by additions of low levels of DFM (0.03 kPa), and this inhibition was reversed by DFM removal. Although a small quantity of DFM was consumed during these incubations, its remaining concentration was sufficiently elevated to sustain inhibition. Methanogenesis in anaerobic soil slurries, including acetoclastic methanogenesis, was unaffected by levels of DFM which inhibit methanotrophy. Low levels of DFM (0.03 kPa) also inhibited nitrification and N2O production by soils. DFM is proposed as an improved inhibitor of CH4 oxidation over acetylene and/or methyl fluoride on the basis of its reversibility, its efficacy at low concentrations, its lack of inhibition of methanogenesis, and its low cost. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Miller, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 465,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 33 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 64 IS 11 BP 4357 EP 4362 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 133PD UT WOS:000076694200036 ER PT J AU Plummer, LN Busenberg, E McConnell, JB Drenkard, S Schlosser, P Michel, RL AF Plummer, LN Busenberg, E McConnell, JB Drenkard, S Schlosser, P Michel, RL TI Flow of river water into a Karstic limestone aquifer. 1. Tracing the young fraction in groundwater mixtures in the Upper Floridan Aquifer near Valdosta, Georgia SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REDUCTION; SEDIMENTS; HYDROGEN; SYSTEMS; TRITIUM AB The quality of water in the Upper Floridan aquifer near Valdosta, Georgia is affected locally by discharge of Withlacoochee River water through sinkholes in the river bed. Data on transient tracers and other dissolved substances, including Cl-, H-3, tritiogenic helium-3 (He-3), chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113), organic C (DOC), O-2 (DO), H2S CH4, delta(18)O, delta D, and C-14 were investigated as tracers of Withlacoochee River water in the Upper Floridan aquifer. The concentrations of all tracers were affected by dilution and mixing. Dissolved Cl-, delta(18)O, delta D, CFC-12, and the quantity (H-3 + He-3) are stable in water from the Upper Floridan aquifer, whereas DOC, DO, H2S, CH4, C-14, CFC-11, and CFC-113 are affected by microbial degradation and other geochemical processes occurring within the aquifer. Groundwater mixing fractions were determined by using dissolved Cl- and delta(18)O data, recognizing 3 end-member water types in the groundwater mixtures: (1) Withlacoochee River water (delta(18)O = - 2.5 +/- 0.3 parts per thousand. Cl- = 12.2 +/- 2 mg/l), (2) regional infiltration water (delta(18)O = -4.2 +/- 0.1 parts per thousand, Cl- = 2.3 +/- 0.1 mg/l), and (3) regional paleowater resident in the Upper Floridan aquifer (delta(18)O = -3.4 +/- 0.1 parts per thousand, Cl- = 2.6 +/- 0.1 mg/l) (uncertainties are +/- sigma). Error simulation procedures were used to define uncertainties in mixing fractions. Fractions of river water in groundwater range from 0 to 72% and average 10%. The influence of river-water discharge on the qualify of water in the Upper Floridan aquifer was traced from the sinkhole area on the Withlacoochee River 25 km SE in the direction of regional groundwater how. Infiltration of water is most significant to the N and NW of Valdosta, but becomes negligible to the S and SE in the direction of general thickening of post-Eocene confining beds overlying the Upper Floridan aquifer. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Plummer, LN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 432 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RI Schlosser, Peter/C-6416-2012; OI Schlosser, Peter/0000-0002-6514-4203; Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 NR 40 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 13 IS 8 BP 995 EP 1015 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00031-6 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 147GK UT WOS:000077480600006 ER PT J AU Plummer, LN Busenberg, E Drenkard, S Schlosser, P Ekwurzel, B Weppernig, R McConnell, JB Michel, RL AF Plummer, LN Busenberg, E Drenkard, S Schlosser, P Ekwurzel, B Weppernig, R McConnell, JB Michel, RL TI Flow of river water into a karstic limestone aquifer - 2. Dating the young fraction in groundwater mixtures in the Upper Floridan aquifer near Valdosta, Georgia SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; HYDROLOGIC TRACERS; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS CCL3F; UNITED-STATES; TRITIUM; HE-3; AGE; HELIUM; H-3/HE-3 AB Tritium/helium-3 (H-3/He-3) and chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113) data are used to date the young fraction in groundwater mixtures from a karstic limestone aquifer near Valdosta, Georgia, where regional paleowater in the Upper Floridan aquifer receives recharge from two young sources - the flow of Withlacoochee River water through sinkholes in the river bed, and leakage of infiltration water through post-Eocene semi-confining beds above the Upper Floridan aquifer. In dating the young fraction of mixtures using CFCs, it is necessary to reconstruct the CFC concentration that was in the young fraction prior to mixing. The H-3/He-3 age is independent of the extent of dilution with older (H-3-free and 3He(trit)-free) water. The groundwater mixtures are designated as Type-1 for mixtures of regional paleowater and regional infiltration water and Type-2 for mixtures containing more than approximately 4% of river water. The fractions of regional paleowater, regional infiltration water, and Withlacoochee River water in the groundwater mixtures were determined from Cl- and delta(18)O data for water from the Upper Floridan aquifer at Valdosta, Georgia. The chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11 and CFC-113 are removed by microbial degradation and/or sorption processes in most anaerobic (Type-2) groundwater at Valdosta, but are present in some aerobic Type-1 water. CFC-12 persists in both SO4-reducing and methanogenic water. The very low detection limits for CFCs (approximately 0.3 pg kg(-1)) permitted CFC-11 and CFC-12 dating of the fraction of regional infiltration water in Type-1 mixtures, and CFC-12 dating of the river-water fraction in Type-2 mixtures. Overall, approximately 50% of the 85 water samples obtained from the Upper Floridan aquifer have CFC-12-based ages of the young fraction that are consistent with the H-3 concentration of the groundwater. Because of uncertainties associated with very low H-3 and He-3 content in dilute mixtures, H-3/He-3 dating is limited to the river-water fraction in Type-2 mixtures containing more than about 10% river water. Of the 41 water samples measured for H-3/He-3 dating, dilution of H-3 and low He-3 concentration limited H-3/He-3 dating to 16 mixtures in which H-3/He-3 ages are defined with errors ranging from +/- 2 to +/- 7.5 a (1 sigma). After correction for dilution with (assumed) CFC-free regional infiltration water and regional paleowater in the Upper Floridan aquifer, adjusted CFC-12 ages agree with H-3/He-3 ages within 5 a or less in 7 of the 9 co-dated Type-2 mixtures. Tritium data and dating based on both CFC-11 and CFC-12 in Type-1 mixtures indicate that travel times of infiltration water through the overlying Post-Eocene semi-confining beds exceed 35 a. The CFC and H-3/He-3 dating indicate that the river fraction in most groundwater entered the groundwater reservoir in the past 20 to 30 a. Few domestic and municipal supply wells sampled intercept water younger than 5 a. Calculated velocities of river water in the Upper Floridan aquifer downgradient of the sinkhole area range from 0.3 to 8.2 m/d. Radiocarbon data indicate that ages of the regional paleowater are on the 10000 - a time scale. An average lag time of approximately 10 to 25 a is determined for discharge of groundwater from the surficial and intermediate aquifers above the Upper Floridan aquifer to the Withlacoochee River. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Plummer, LN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 432 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RI Schlosser, Peter/C-6416-2012; OI Schlosser, Peter/0000-0002-6514-4203; Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 NR 51 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1017 EP 1043 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00032-8 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 147GK UT WOS:000077480600007 ER PT J AU Ross, RM Watten, BJ AF Ross, RM Watten, BJ TI Importance of rearing-unit design and stocking density to the behavior, growth and metabolism of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ammonia; behavior; food conversion; oxygen consumption; salmonidae ID RAINBOW-TROUT; ARCTIC CHARR; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; 2 DENSITIES; ALPINUS L; PERFORMANCE; CONVERSION; CULTURE AB Juvenile lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) were held at different stocking densities (48 and 96 kg m(-3)) in rearing-units of different design (rectangular plug-flow, circular and cylindrical cross-flow) and the effects on behavior, growth and metabolism were examined. Ambient light levels and current velocities were measured in each of three tank sectors (upstream, middle and downstream) to determine their relative contributions to fish behavior and distribution. Rearing-unit design affected orientation to current, contact with surfaces, agonistic responses, turn rates and avoidance of or contact with other fish. Stocking density primarily affected contact with tank surfaces, avoidance and contact with other fish. Fish in circular tanks distributed themselves uniformly, whereas those in plug-flow tanks crowded upstream and those in cross-flow tanks congregated downstream. Stocking density affected fish distribution most in cross-flow and least in circular tanks. Ambient light, current velocity and total in situ aggression modified fish distribution at low stocking density, but at high density the effects of current velocity and total aggression were undetectable. Growth and food conversion were best in plug-flow, followed by cross-flow and then circular tanks. Net ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption were highest in circular tanks and lowest in cross-flow (NH3) or cross-flow and plug-flow (O-2) tanks. Ammonia production was correlated with stocking density, but oxygen consumption was unrelated to density. Results demonstrate the interrelatedness of abiotic and biotic factors in fish culture and the ability to control fish behavior, growth and metabolism through the alteration of several physical and biological variables in the rearing unit. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Res & Dev Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Watten, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Res & Dev Lab, RD 4,Box 63, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM barnaby_watten@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 19 IS 1 BP 41 EP 56 DI 10.1016/S0144-8609(98)00041-7 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 137KG UT WOS:000076913500005 ER PT J AU Elliott, JE Machmer, MM Henny, CJ Wilson, LK Norstrom, RJ AF Elliott, JE Machmer, MM Henny, CJ Wilson, LK Norstrom, RJ TI Contaminants in ospreys from the Pacific Northwest: I. Trends and patterns in polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -dibenzofurans in eggs and plasma SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; CHLORINATED-HYDROCARBON; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; HERRING-GULLS; LAKE-ONTARIO; BIPHENYLS; PRODUCTIVITY; PCDDS; PCDFS AB Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) eggs were collected from 1991 to 1997 at nests (n = 121) upstream and downstream of bleached kraft pulp mills and at reference sites in the Fraser and Columbia River drainage systems of British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. Blood samples were collected from nestling ospreys during the 1992 breeding season on the Thompson River. Samples were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and -dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Mean concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD were significantly higher in eggs collected in 1991 at downstream compared to upstream nests near pulp mills at Kamloops and Castlegar, British Columbia. There were no significant temporal trends in 2,3,7,8-TCDD, -TCDF or other measured compounds at a sample of nests monitored between 1991 and 1994 downstream of the Castlegar pulp mill, despite changes in bleaching technology (CIO2 substitution). However, by 1997 concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and -TCDF were significantly lower than previous years in nests sampled downstream at both Castlegar and Kamloops. An unusual pattern of higher chlorinated PCDDs and PCDFs was found in many of the osprey eggs collected in this study, and considerable individual variation in the pattern existed among eggs from the same site. For example, eggs from four different nests at one study area (Quesnel) on the Fraser River had concentrations of 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD ranging from <1 to 1,100 ng/kg and OCDD from <1 to 7,000 ng/kg wet weight. Higher mean concentrations of HpCDD and OCDD were found in eggs from the Thompson River, a tributary of the Fraser, compared to the Columbia River, and concentrations were generally higher at nests upstream of pulp mills. In plasma samples, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD and OCDD were the main compounds detected, with no significant differences measured between samples upstream versus downstream or earlier versus later in the breeding season. Use of chlorophenolic wood preservatives by lumber processors was considered the main source of higher chlorinated PCDD/Fs throughout the systems, based on patterns of trace PCDFs in eggs and significant correlations between egg concentrations of pentachlorophenol and both HpCDD (r = 0.891, p < 0.01) and OCDD (r = 0.870 p < 0.01). C1 Pacific Wildlife Res Ctr, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. Pand Ecol Res Ltd, Nelson, BC V1L 1N6, Canada. USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. RP Elliott, JE (reprint author), Pacific Wildlife Res Ctr, Canadian Wildlife Serv, 5421 Robertson Rd,RR1, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. NR 51 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 35 IS 4 BP 620 EP 631 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 133ZA UT WOS:000076716400010 PM 9776780 ER PT J AU Hornung, MW Miller, L Goodman, B Melancon, MJ Peterson, RE AF Hornung, MW Miller, L Goodman, B Melancon, MJ Peterson, RE TI Lack of developmental and reproductive toxicity of 2,3,3 ',4,4 '-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 105) in ring-necked pheasants SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HALOGENATED AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; GREEN-BAY; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN EQUIVALENTS; PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; CHICKEN-EMBRYO; HERRING GULL; EGGS; WISCONSIN AB Mono-ortho PCBs are global contaminants of wildlife with the potential to produce toxicity by an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated mechanism. To determine the potency of 2,3,3',4,4' -pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 105) for producing reproductive and developmental toxicity, adult ring-necked pheasant hens (Phasianus colchicus) were orally dosed with 0, 0.06, 0.6, or 6 mg PCB 105/kg hen/week for 10 weeks to achieve cumulative doses of 0, 0.6, 6, or 60 mg PCB 105/kg hen after which hens were bred with untreated roosters once per week for 8 weeks. Except at week 6 of the egg-laying period when cumulative egg production in the 6 mg PCB 105/kg hen group was greater than controls, fertilized egg production was not significantly different between treatment groups. Embryo mortality and chick mortality were not significantly different between treatment groups. Total body and heart weights of all chicks 1 day posthatch (dph) were not different between groups, however, liver weights of chicks from the 60 mg/kg treatment group were greater than controls at 1 dph. The first chick to hatch from each hen was reared to 21 dph and among these birds, the total body, liver, and heart weights were not different between groups. There were no dose-related malformations of the beak or limbs, and no signs of subcutaneous edema, ascites, or pericardial edema in chicks at 1 or 21 dph. Hepatic microsomal monooxygenase activities [ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD), benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (BROD), and methyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (MROD)] were significantly elevated in chicks at 1 dph from hens given a cumulative PCB 105 dose of 6 mg/kg and in chicks at 21 dph from hens given a cumulative PCB dose of 60 mg/kg. These results indicate that a cumulative PCB 105 dose up to 60 mg/kg hen does not decrease the production of fertilized eggs or increase embryo or chick mortality in ring-necked pheasants, but does increase chick hepatic monooxygenase activity. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Environm Toxicol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Pharm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Peterson, RE (reprint author), 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 35 IS 4 BP 646 EP 653 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 133ZA UT WOS:000076716400013 PM 9776783 ER PT J AU Nelson, AR Shroba, RR AF Nelson, AR Shroba, RR TI Soil relative dating of moraine and outwash-terrace sequences in the northern part of the upper Arkansas Valley, central Colorado, USA SO ARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WIND RIVER RANGE; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; BULL LAKE; PINEDALE GLACIATIONS; SIERRA-NEVADA; GREAT-BASIN; YELLOWSTONE; DEPOSITS; CHRONOSEQUENCES; STRATIGRAPHY AB Profile development indices for soils developed in moraines and outwash near Twin Lakes and in outwash near Leadville support the correlation of moraines with subdued morphology and two high outwash terraces with the Bull Lake glaciation (ca. 130-160 ka) and the correlation of hummocky moraines and two low outwash terraces with the Pinedale glaciation (ca. 14-47 ka). Elsewhere in the northern part of the upper Arkansas Valley, glacial sequences are correlated by mapping outwash terraces near the mouths of major tributaries of the Arkansas River. Near Twin Lakes, indices for soils on low, outer lateral moraines suggest that the older Pinedale glaciers extended beyond the margin of high, younger Pinedale lateral moraines with hummocky topography. A few subdued moraines near Twin Lakes and Leadville probably record one or more glaciations significantly older than the Bull Lake. The downvalley extent of Pinedale glaciers in the Mosquito Range on the east side of the Arkansas Valley is uncertain: most likely, Pinedale glaciers were almost as extensive as Bull Lake glaciers but built no prominent terminal moraines at their maximum positions. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Nelson, AR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM anelson@usgs.gov; shroba@usgs.gov NR 55 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 0004-0851 J9 ARCTIC ALPINE RES JI Arct. Alp. Res. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 30 IS 4 BP 349 EP 361 DI 10.2307/1552007 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 147TB UT WOS:000077512900004 ER PT J AU Brace, S Peterson, DL AF Brace, S Peterson, DL TI Spatial patterns of tropospheric ozone in the Mount Rainier region of the cascade mountains, USA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE elevation gradient; Pacific northwest; passive samplers; tropospheric ozone ID SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; ALPINE REGIONS; HIGH-ELEVATION; UNITED-STATES; PROFILES; URBAN AB Few data exist on tropospheric ozone concentrations in rural and wildland areas of western Washington, U.S.A. We measured tropospheric ozone in Mount Rainier National Park and the Puget Sound region of Washington using electronic analyzers and passive samplers during the summers of 1994 and 1995. Electronic analyzers recorded hourly ozone concentrations from five locations between Seattle and Mount Rainier. Ozone concentrations generally increased with distance from Seattle, with maximum hourly concentrations recorded at Enumclaw (319 m elevation, 50 km SE of Seattle). Paradise (1650 m elevation, 100 km SE of Seattle) had the highest monthly mean concentration of all sites measured with analyzers. Diurnal patterns on high-ozone days indicate that concentrations at Paradise remain near 60 ppbv throughout the day, whereas ozone concentrations closer to Seattle had higher peaks during the afternoon but dropped to near zero at night. Passive ozone samplers were used to measure weekly average ozone exposures in four river drainages within Mount Rainier National Park, across an elevation gradient (420-2100 m). In most drainages, ozone levels increased with elevation, with highest average weekly ozone exposure (47 ppbv) recorded at 2100 m. Ozone concentrations are significantly higher in the western portion of the park, indicating that ozone exposure varies considerably over short distances. These data provide a reference point for air quality in western Washington and indicate that intensive sampling is necessary to quantify spatial patterns of tropospheric ozone in mountainous regions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Biol Resources Div, Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Sci Ctr, Field Station,US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Peterson, DL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Biol Resources Div, Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Sci Ctr, Field Station,US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 37 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 32 IS 21 BP 3629 EP 3637 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00077-6 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 124BQ UT WOS:000076160900002 ER PT J AU Schindler, JE Krabbenhoft, DP AF Schindler, JE Krabbenhoft, DP TI The hyporheic zone as a source of dissolved organic carbon and carbon gases to a temperate forested stream SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon; geochemistry; groundwater; hyporheic zone; streams ID SURFACE; WATER; RIVER; TRANSPORT; EXCHANGE AB The objective of this study was to examine chemical changes in porewaters that occur over small scales (cm) as groundwater flows through the hyporheic zone and discharges to a stream in a temperate forest of northern Wisconsin. Hyporheic-zone porewaters were sampled at discrete depths of 2, 10, 15, 61, and 183 cm at three study sites in the study basin. Chemical profiles of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), CO2, CH4, and pH show dramatic changes between 61 cm sediment depth and the water-sediment interface. Unless discrete samples at small depth intervals are taken, these chemical profiles are not accounted for. Similar trends were observed at the three study locations, despite each site having very different hydraulic-flow regimes. Increases in DOC concentration by an order of magnitude from 61 to 15 cm depth with a corresponding decrease in pH and rapid decreases in the molecular weight of the DOC suggest that aliphatic compounds (likely organic acids) are being generated in the hyporheic zone. Estimated efflux rates of DOG, CO2, and CH4 to the stream are 6.2, 0.79, 0.13 moles m(2) d(-1), respectively, with the vast majority of these materials produced in the hyporheic zone. Very little of these materials are accounted for by sampling stream water, suggesting rapid uptake and/or volatilization. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Trout Lake Stn, Boulder Junction, WI 54512 USA. RP Schindler, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. NR 28 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 28 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 1998 VL 43 IS 2 BP 157 EP 174 DI 10.1023/A:1006005311257 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 132MA UT WOS:000076632800003 ER PT J AU Wright, RG Murray, MP Merrill, T AF Wright, RG Murray, MP Merrill, T TI Ecoregions as a level of ecological analysis SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID IDAHO AB There have been many attempts to classify geographic areas into zones of similar characteristics. Recent focus has been on ecoregions. We examined how well the boundaries of the most commonly used ecoregion classifications for the US matched the boundaries of existing vegetation cover mapped at three levels of classification, fine, mid- and coarse scale. We analyzed ecoregions in Idaho, Oregon and Washington. The results were similar among the two ecoregion classifications. For both ecoregion delineations and all three vegetation classifications, the patterns of existing vegetation did not correspond well with the patterns of ecoregions. Most vegetation types had a small proportion of their total area in a given ecoregion. There was also no dominance by one or more vegetation types in any ecoregion and contrary to our hypothesis, the level of congruence of vegetation patterns with ecoregion boundaries decreased as the level of classification became more general. The implications of these findings on the use of ecoregions as a planning tool and in the development of land conservation efforts are discussed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Landscape Dynam Lab, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Wright, RG (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM gwright@uidaho.edu NR 35 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 86 IS 2 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00002-0 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 126BN UT WOS:000076273000010 ER PT J AU Gibbs, JP Droege, S Eagle, P AF Gibbs, JP Droege, S Eagle, P TI Monitoring populations of plants and animals SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID POWER ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL POWER; DETECTING TRENDS; FLUCTUATIONS; VARIABILITY; LARVAL; SIZE C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Environm Res & Conservat, New York, NY 10027 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Gibbs, JP (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. NR 20 TC 105 Z9 109 U1 6 U2 37 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD NOV PY 1998 VL 48 IS 11 BP 935 EP 940 DI 10.2307/1313297 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 130RJ UT WOS:000076533500010 ER PT J AU DelGiudice, GD Kerr, KD Mech, LD Riggs, MR Seal, US AF DelGiudice, GD Kerr, KD Mech, LD Riggs, MR Seal, US TI Urinary 3-methylhistidine and progressive winter undernutrition in white-tailed deer SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID MUSCLE PROTEIN BREAKDOWN; FREE-RANGING ELK; UREA NITROGEN; NUTRITIONAL RESTRICTION; CREATININE RATIOS; DIETARY INDEX; METABOLISM; EXCRETION; INDICATORS; TURNOVER AB Physiological indicators of muscle catabolism would aid assessment of winter nutritional restriction of ungulates, and urinary 3-methylhistidine has exhibited potential in this regard in several species. We examined the effect of chronic moderate and severe nutritional restriction during winter on urinary 3-methylhistidine:creatinine ratios in seven adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and the relationship of these ratios to urinary urea nitrogen:creatinine ratios. Mean base line estimates of urinary 3-methylhistidine:creatinine ratio for the control and severely restricted deer (0.043 and 0.086 mu mol:mg, respectively) were similar (P = 0.280) and remained unchanged in the control deer throughout the study. In contrast, mean 3-methylhistidine:creatinine ratios increased dramatically as nutritional restriction and cumulative mass loss progressed; the quadratic component of the data for the chronically restricted deer was significant (P < 0.001). Likewise, there was a strong curvilinear relationship (R-2 = 0.82) between cumulative mass loss (up to 29%) of the pooled deer and urinary 3-methylhistidine:creatinine ratios. Further, urinary urea nitrogen:creatinine ratios were strongly related to 3-methylhistidine:creatinine ratios (r(2) = 0.89). Our study indicates that further investigation of 3-methylhistidine as an indicator of physical condition and muscle protein breakdown is warranted. C1 Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Forest Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Geol Survey, Mid Continent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Sect Wildlife, Forest Lake, MN 55025 USA. Minnesota Zool Garden, World Conservat Union, Capt Breeding Specialist Grp, Apple Valley, MN 55124 USA. RP DelGiudice, GD (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Forest Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, 1201 E Highway 2, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 76 IS 11 BP 2090 EP 2095 DI 10.1139/cjz-76-11-2090 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 197ZE UT WOS:000080396100015 ER PT J AU Warnock, N Haig, SM Oring, LW AF Warnock, N Haig, SM Oring, LW TI Monitoring species richness and abundance of shorebirds in the western Great Basin SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE censusing; conservation; Great Basin; monitoring; shorebirds; wetlands; WHSRN site ID CONSERVATION; POPULATION; MIGRATION AB Broad-scale avian surveys have been attempted within North America with mixed results. Arid regions, such as the Great Basin, are often poorly sampled because of the vastness of the region, inaccessibility of sites, and few ornithologists. In addition, extreme variability in wetland habitat conditions present special problems for conducting censuses of species inhabiting these areas. We examined these issues in assessing multi-scale shorebird (order: Charadriiformes) censuses conducted in the western Great Basin from 1992-1997. On ground surveys, we recorded 31 species of shorebirds, but were unable to accurately estimate population size. Conversely, on aerial surveys we were able to estimate regional abundance of some shorebirds, but were unable to determine species diversity. Aerial surveys of three large alkali lakes in Oregon (Goose, Summer, and Abert Lakes) revealed > 300,000 shorebirds in one year of this study, of which 67% were American Avocets (Recurvirostra americana) and 30% phalaropes (Phalaropus spp.). These lakes clearly meet Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network guidelines for designation as important shorebird sites. Based upon simulations of our monitoring effort and the magnitude and variation of numbers of American Avocets, detection of 5-10% negative declines in populations of these birds would take a minimum of 7-23 years of comparable effort. We conclude that a combination of ground and aerial surveys must be conducted at multiple sites and years and over a large region to obtain an accurate picture of the diversity, abundance, and trends of shorebirds in the western Great Basin. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Warnock, N (reprint author), Point Reyes Bird Observ, 4990 Shoreline Hwy, Stinson Beach, CA 94970 USA. NR 50 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 13 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 1998 VL 100 IS 4 BP 589 EP 600 DI 10.2307/1369741 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 137CM UT WOS:000076897100001 ER PT J AU Berry, ME Bock, CE Haire, SL AF Berry, ME Bock, CE Haire, SL TI Abundance of diurnal raptors on open space grasslands in an urbanized landscape SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE conservation; eagles; falcons; grasslands; hawks; landscape; open space; raptors; urbanization ID BALD EAGLE DISTRIBUTION; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; BIRDS; CALIFORNIA; RESPONSES AB We conducted point counts of diurnal raptors on Boulder, Colorado, grasslands for three winters and summers, and compared results to landscape features of the count areas. Four wintering species were scarce on plots that included significant amounts of urban habitat, with a critical landscape threshold at about 5-7% urbanization: Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis), Rough-legged Hawk (B. lagopus), and Prairie Falcon (Falco mexicanus). Counts of the first three species also were positively correlated with proximity of the count plots to the nearest colony of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Two breeding species, the Red-tailed Hawk (B. jamaicensis) and Swainson's Hawk (B. swainsoni), were more abundant on plots dominated by lowland hayfields and tallgrass prairies, as opposed to upland mixed and shortgrass prairies. They, along with the ubiquitous American Kestrel (Falco sparverius), were not sensitive to the amounts of urbanization (up to 30%) that occurred in the landscapes sampled. Results of this study suggest that urban open space grasslands can support sizable populations of most diurnal raptors, as long as prey populations persist, but that some species are highly sensitive to landscape urbanization. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Berry, ME (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 48 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 41 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 1998 VL 100 IS 4 BP 601 EP 608 DI 10.2307/1369742 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 137CM UT WOS:000076897100002 ER PT J AU Wilson, RR Cooper, RJ AF Wilson, RR Cooper, RJ TI Acadian Flycatcher nest placement: Does placement influence reproductive success? SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Acadian Flycatcher; Empidonax virescens; habitat selection; nest placement; nest success ID STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES; RESOURCE SELECTION; HABITAT SELECTION; PREDATION; WARBLERS; CONCEALMENT; CHOICE; SITES; TESTS AB We located 511 Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens) nests in bottom-land hardwood forest of eastern Arkansas. Microhabitat characteristics were measured and their relationship with nest success evaluated. Fifty-two percent of all nesting attempts resulted in predation. Attributes of nest placement were similar between successful and unsuccessful nests, although successful nests were placed higher. Similarly, nonparasitized nests were typically higher than parasitized nests. Nests initiated late in the breeding season were placed in larger trees with higher canopy bases resulting in increased vegetation around the nest. Fifteen different tree species were used for nesting. Acadian Flycatchers chose nest trees in a nonrandom fashion, selecting Nuttall oak (Quercus nuttallii) and possumhaw (Ilex decidua) in greater proportions than their availability. However, there was no relationship between tree species used for nesting and nest success. Nest height was positively correlated with concealment at the nest site, supporting the predator-avoidance theory. No other at tribute of nest placement differentiated successful nest sites, suggesting that nest predation is likely a function of random events in space and time. C1 Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Wilson, RR (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 2524 S Frontage Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 30 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 12 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 1998 VL 100 IS 4 BP 673 EP 679 DI 10.2307/1369748 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 137CM UT WOS:000076897100008 ER PT J AU Ostrand, WD Drew, GS Suryan, RM McDonald, LL AF Ostrand, WD Drew, GS Suryan, RM McDonald, LL TI Evaluation of radio-tracking and strip transect methods for determining foraging ranges of Black-legged Kittiwakes SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Black-legged Kittiwakes; habitat use; Prince William Sound; radio-tracking; Rissa tridactyla; seabirds ID SEABIRDS; PIGEONS; SEA AB We compared strip transect and radio-tracking methods of determining foraging range of Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla). The mean distance birds were observed from their colony determined by radio-tracking was significantly greater than the mean value calculated from strip transects. We determined that this difference was due to two sources of bias: (1) as distance from the colony increased, the area of available habitat also increased resulting in decreasing bird densities (bird spreading). Consequently, the probability of detecting birds during transect surveys also would decrease as distance from the colony increased, and (2) the maximum distance birds were observed from the colony during radio-tracking exceeded the extent of the strip transect survey. We compared the observed number of birds seen on the strip transect survey to the predictions of a model of the decreasing probability of detection due to bird spreading. Strip transect data were significantly different from modeled data; however, the field data were consistently equal to or below the model predictions, indicating a general. conformity to the concept of declining detection at increasing distance. We conclude that radio-tracking data gave a more representative indication of foraging distances than did strip transect sampling. Previous studies of seabirds that have used strip transect sampling without accounting far bird spreading or the effects of study-area limitations probably underestimated foraging range. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. RP Ostrand, WD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. OI Drew, Gary/0000-0002-6789-0891 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 1998 VL 100 IS 4 BP 709 EP 718 DI 10.2307/1369753 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 137CM UT WOS:000076897100013 ER PT J AU Young, KE Valdez, R Zwank, PJ Gould, WR AF Young, KE Valdez, R Zwank, PJ Gould, WR TI Density and roost site characteristics of Spotted Owls in the Sierra Madre Occidental, Chihuahua, Mexico SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE density; habitat; Mexican spotted owl; Mexico; Strix occidentalis lucida ID HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS; CALIFORNIA; SELECTION; ARIZONA; NEVADA AB We estimated density and characterized roosting habitat of Mexican Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis lucida) in the Sierra Madre Occidental in southwestern Chihuahua, Mexico. Mean Spotted Owl density in Chihuahua (0.089 owls km(-2)) was approximately half that reported for Arizona and New Mexico. Owls were primarily (70%) roosting in medium-sized trees, which likely resulted from a paucity of mature and old-growth forest on our study area. Spotted Owl roosts had steeper slopes, more canopy layers, greater canopy closure, and greater live tree basal area than random sites. Management objectives should promote increasing canopy closure and understory diversity to improve habitats for Mexican Spotted Owls in northern Mexico. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Ctr Stat, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Young, KE (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 1998 VL 100 IS 4 BP 732 EP 736 DI 10.2307/1369756 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 137CM UT WOS:000076897100016 ER PT J AU Dobbs, RC Martin, TE AF Dobbs, RC Martin, TE TI Variation in foraging behavior among nesting stages of female Red-faced Warblers SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Cardellina rubrifrons; foraging behavior; nesting stage; Red-faced Warbler ID BIRDS; FOOD AB Foraging rates and maneuvers were examined in breeding female Red-faced Warblers (Cardellina rubrifrons) among egg-laying, incubation, and nestling stages. All measures varied among nesting stages, with prey attack rate and search speed significantly increasing from egg-laying to incubation through the nestling stage. During egg-laying and incubation, birds gleaned stationary prey from a fixed perch, but shifted to hover-sallying for stationary prey during the nestling period. These dynamic behavioral patterns may reflect responses to variable time constraints and energetic costs associated with different stages of the nesting cycle. C1 Univ Montana, USGS Biol Resources Div, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, USGS Biol Resources Div, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 1998 VL 100 IS 4 BP 741 EP 745 DI 10.2307/1369758 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 137CM UT WOS:000076897100018 ER PT J AU Baron, JS Hartman, MD Kittel, TGF Band, LE Ojima, DS Lammers, RB AF Baron, JS Hartman, MD Kittel, TGF Band, LE Ojima, DS Lammers, RB TI Effects of land cover, water redistribution, and temperature on ecosystem processes in the South Platte Basin SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate change; Colorado; ecosystem dynamics; hydrology; land cover change; land use change; RHESSys model; South Platte River; water redistribution ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; POTENTIAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREAT-PLAINS; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; ALPINE TUNDRA; FOREST; COLORADO; SENSITIVITY; MODEL; DEFORESTATION AB Over one-third of the land area in the South Platte Basin of Colorado, Nebraska, and Wyoming, has been converted to croplands. Irrigated cropland now comprises 8% of the basin, while dry croplands make up 31%. We used the RHESSys model to compare the changes in plant productivity and vegetation-related hydrological processes that occurred as a result of either land cover alteration or directional temperature changes (-2 degrees C, +4 degrees C). Land cover change exerted more control over annual plant productivity and water fluxes for converted grasslands, while the effect of temperature changes on productivity and water fluxes was stronger in the mountain vegetation. Throughout the basin, land cover change increased the annual loss of water to the atmosphere by 114 mm via evaporation and transpiration, an increase of 37%. Both irrigated and nonirrigated grains became active earlier in the year than shortgrass steppe, leading to a seasonal shift in water losses to the atmosphere. Basin-wide photosynthesis increased by 80% due to grain production. In contrast, a 4 degrees C warming scenario caused annual transpiration to increase by only 3% and annual evaporation to increase by 28%, for a total increase of 71 mm. Warming decreased basin-wide photosynthesis by 16%. There is a large elevational range from east to west in the South Platte Basin, which encompasses the western edge of the Great Plains and the eastern front of the Rocky Mountains. This elevational gain is accompanied by great changes in topographic complexity, vegetation type, and climate. Shortgrass steppe and crops found at elevations between 850 and 1800 m give way to coniferous forests and tundra between 1800 and 4000 m. Climate is increasingly dominated by winter snow precipitation with increasing elevation, and the timing of snowmelt influences tundra and forest ecosystem productivity, soil moisture, and downstream discharge. Mean annual precipitation of <500 mm on the plains below 1800 m is far less than potential evapotranspiration of 1000-1500 mm and is insufficient for optimum plant productivity. The changes in water flux and photosynthesis from conversion of steppe to cropland are the result of redistribution of snowmelt water from the mountains and groundwater pumping through irrigation projects. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Mid Continent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Baron, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Mid Continent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Kittel, Timothy/F-2792-2011; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016; Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 OI Kittel, Timothy/0000-0002-4153-1006; Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251; NR 80 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 21 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1037 EP 1051 DI 10.2307/2640959 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 141EL UT WOS:000077129600010 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Schloesser, DW Krieger, KA AF Madenjian, CP Schloesser, DW Krieger, KA TI Population models of burrowing mayfly recolonization in western Lake Erie SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE carrying capacity; exponential growth; Hexagenia; lake restoration; logistic equation; matrix population model; mayflies; population growth rate; recolonization; recovery ID HEXAGENIA-LIMBATA; YELLOW PERCH; EPHEMEROPTERA; EPHEMERIDAE; RECOVERY AB Burrowing mayflies, Hexagenia spp. (H. limbata and N. rigida), began recolonizing western Lake Erie during the 1990s. Survey data for mayfly nymph densities indicated that the population experienced exponential growth between 1991 and 1997. To predict the time to full recovery of the mayfly population, we fitted logistic models, ranging in carrying capacity from 600 to 2000 nymphs/m(2), to these survey data. Based on the fitted logistic curves, we forecast that the mayfly population in western Lake Erie would achieve full recovery between years 1998 and 2000, depending on the carrying capacity of the western basin. Additionally, we estimated the mortality rate of nymphs in western Lake Erie during 1994 and then applied an age-based matrix model to the mayfly population. The results of the matrix population modeling corroborated the exponential growth model application in that both methods yielded an estimate of the population growth rate, r, in excess of 0.8 yr(-1). This was the first evidence that mayfly populations are capable of recolonizing large aquatic ecosystems at rates comparable with those observed in much smaller lentic ecosystems. Our model predictions should prove valuable to managers of power plant facilities along the western basin in planning for mayfly emergences and to managers of the yellow perch (Perca flavescens) fishery in western Lake Erie. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Heidelberg Coll, Water Qual Lab, Tiftin, OH 44883 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1206 EP 1212 DI 10.2307/2640973 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 141EL UT WOS:000077129600024 ER PT J AU Nichols, JD Boulinier, T Hines, JE Pollock, KH Sauer, JR AF Nichols, JD Boulinier, T Hines, JE Pollock, KH Sauer, JR TI Estimating rates of local species extinction, colonization, and turnover in animal communities SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE animal community ecology; capture-recapture models; community dynamics; conservation and management; local colonization; local extinction probability; North American Breeding Bird survey; species turnover ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; HETEROGENEOUS SURVIVAL RATES; UNEQUAL CATCHABILITY; PROBABILITIES VARY; ECOLOGICAL-SOCIETY; ROBUST ESTIMATION; RICHNESS; MODELS; DIVERSITY AB Species richness has been identified as a useful state variable for conservation and management purposes. Changes in richness over time provide a basis for predicting and evaluating community responses to management, to natural disturbance, and to changes in factors such as community composition (e.g., the removal of a keystone species). Probabilistic capture-recapture models have been used recently to estimate species richness from species count and presence-absence data. These models do not require the common assumption that all species are detected in sampling efforts. We extend this approach to the development of estimators useful for studying the vital rates responsible for changes in animal communities over time: rates of local species extinction, turnover, and colonization. Our approach to estimation is based on capture-recapture models for closed animal populations that permit heterogeneity in detection probabilities among the different species in the sampled community. We have developed a computer program, COMDYN, to compute many of these estimators and associated bootstrap variances. Analyses using data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) suggested that the estimators performed reasonably well. We recommend estimators based on probabilistic modeling for future work on community responses to management efforts as well as on basic questions about community dynamics. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Inst Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 98 TC 114 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 28 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1213 EP 1225 DI 10.2307/2640974 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 141EL UT WOS:000077129600025 ER PT J AU Keating, KA Quinn, JF Ivie, MA Ivie, LL AF Keating, KA Quinn, JF Ivie, MA Ivie, LL TI Estimating the effectiveness of further sampling in species inventories SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE beetle inventories; Glacier National Park (USA); estimation methodologies; estimators of effectiveness; negative binomial estimation; sampling effectiveness; species-abundance distribution; species inventories; cost effectiveness; vascular plant inventories; Glacier National Park (USA) ID ABUNDANCE PATTERNS; PLANT DIVERSITY; EXTRAPOLATION; VARIANCES; RICHNESS; NUMBER; TESTS; SIZE AB Estimators of the number of additional species expected in the next all samples offer a potentially important tool for improving cost-effectiveness of species inventories but are largely untested. We used Monte Carlo methods to compare ii such estimators, across a range of community structures and sampling regimes, and validated our results, where possible, using empirical data from vascular plant and beetle inventories from Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. We found that B. Efron and R. Thisted's 1976 negative binomial estimator was most robust to differences in community structure and that it was among the most accurate estimators when sampling was from model communities with structures resembling the large, heterogeneous communities that are the likely targets of major inventory efforts. Other estimators may be preferred under specific conditions, however. For example, when sampling was from model communities with highly even species-abundance distributions, estimates based on the Michaelis-Menten model were most accurate; when sampling was from moderately even model communities with S = 10 species or communities with highly uneven species-abundance distributions, estimates based on Gleason's (1922) species-area model were most accurate. We suggest that use of such methods in species inventories can help improve cost-effectiveness by providing an objective basis for redirecting sampling to more-productive sites, methods, or time periods as the expectation of detecting additional species becomes unacceptably low. C1 Montana State Univ, USGS, Greater Yellowstone Field Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Keating, KA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, USGS, Greater Yellowstone Field Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 38 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1239 EP 1249 DI 10.2307/2640976 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 141EL UT WOS:000077129600027 ER PT J AU Kelley, KD Romberger, SB Beaty, DW Pontius, JA Snee, LW Stein, HJ Thompson, TB AF Kelley, KD Romberger, SB Beaty, DW Pontius, JA Snee, LW Stein, HJ Thompson, TB TI Geochemical and geochronological constraints on the genesis of Au-Te deposits at Cripple Creek, Colorado SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Review ID CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; IGNEOUS ROCKS; NORTH-AMERICA; GOLD MINE; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM; AGE; MINERALIZATION AB The Cripple Creek district (653 metric tons (t) of Au) consists of Au-Te veins and disseminated gold deposits that are spatially related to alkaline igneous rocks in an Oligocene intrusive complex. Vein paragenesis includes quartz-biotite-g feldspar-fluorite-pyrite followed by base metal sulfides and telluride minerals. Disseminated deposits consist of microcrystalline native gold with pyrite that are associated with zones of pervasive adularia. New Ar-40/Ar-39 dates indicate that there was a complex magmatic and hydrothermal history. Relatively felsic rocks (tephriphonolite, trachyandesite, and phonolite) were emplaced into the complex over about 1 m.y., from 32.5 +/- 0.1 (1 sigma) to 31.5 +/- 0.1 Ma. A younger episode of phonolite emplacement outside of the complex is indicated by an age of 30.9 +/- 0.1 Ma. Field relationships suggest that at least one episode of mafic and ultramafic dike emplacement occurred after relatively more felsic rocks and prior to the main gold mineralizing event. Only a single whole-rock date for mafic phonolite (which indicated a maximum age of 28.7 Ma) was obtained. However, constraints on the timing of mineralization are provided by paragenetically early vein minerals and K feldspar from the disseminated gold pyrite deposits. Early vein minerals (31.3 +/- 0.1-29.6 +/- 0.1 Ma) and K feldspar (29.8 +/- 0.1 Ma) from the Cresson disseminated deposit, together with potassically altered phonolite adjacent to the Pharmacist vein (28.8 and 28.2 +/- 0.1 Ma), suggest there was a protracted history of hydrothermal activity that began during the waning stages of phonolite and early mafic-ultramafic activity and continued, perhaps intermittently, for at least 2 m.y. Estimated whole-rock delta(18)O values of the alkaline igneous rocks range from 6.4 to 8.2 per mil. K feldspar and albite separates from igneous rocks have lead isotope compositions of Pb-206/Pb-204 = 17.90 to 18.10, Pb-207/Pb-204 = 15.51 to 15.53, and Pb-208/Pb-204 = 38.35 to 38.56. These isotopic compositions, together with major and trace element data, indicate that the phonolitic magmas probably evolved by fractional crystallization of an alkali basalt that assimilated lower crustal material. Upper crustal contamination of the magmas was not significant. The Pb-206/Pb-204 compositions of vein galenas almost entirely overlap those of phonolites, suggesting a genetic relationship between alkaline magmatism and mineralization. However, a trend toward higher Pb-207/Pb-204 (15.57-15.60) and Pb-208/Pb-204 ratios (38.94-39.48) of some galenas suggests a contribution to the ore fluid from surrounding Early Proterozoic rocks, probably through leaching by mineralizing fluids. Limited stable isotope compositions of quartz, K feldspar, and biotite from this and previous studies support a largely magmatic origin for the early vein fluids. It is suggested that three features were collectively responsible for generating alkaline magmas and associated mineral deposits: (1) the timing of magmatism and mineralization, which coincided with the transition between subduction-related compression and extension related to continental rifting; (2) the location of Cripple Creek at the junction of four major Precambrian units and at the intersection of major northeast-trending regional structures with northwest-trending faults, which served as conduits for magmas and. subsequent hydrothermal fluids; and (3) the complex magmatic history which included emplacement of relatively felsic magmas followed by successively more mafic magmas with time. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Chevron Petr Technol Co, La Habra, CA 90633 USA. Independence Min Co Inc, Elko, NV 89801 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Earth Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Kelley, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Mail Stop 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kdkelley@usgs.gov NR 112 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 14 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI LITTLETON PA 5808 SOUTH RAPP ST, STE 209, LITTLETON, CO 80120-1942 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 93 IS 7 BP 981 EP 1012 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 142BQ UT WOS:000077180400002 ER PT J AU Leach, DL Hofstra, AH Church, SE Snee, LW Vaughn, RB Zartman, RE AF Leach, DL Hofstra, AH Church, SE Snee, LW Vaughn, RB Zartman, RE TI Evidence for Proterozoic and Late Cretaceous Early Tertiary ore-forming events in the Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho and Montana - A reply SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID BELT BASIN; ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; MINING DISTRICT; OXYGEN; SUPERGROUP; MINE C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hofstra, AH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI LITTLETON PA 5808 SOUTH RAPP ST, STE 209, LITTLETON, CO 80120-1942 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 93 IS 7 BP 1106 EP 1109 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 142BQ UT WOS:000077180400011 ER PT J AU Barbin, GP Parker, SJ McCleave, JD AF Barbin, GP Parker, SJ McCleave, JD TI Olfactory clues play a critical role in the estuarine migration of silver-phase American eels SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Anguilla; telemetry; olfaction; behavior; orientation ID SEAWARD MIGRATION; ANGUILLA-ANGUILLA; BEHAVIOR; AGE AB Estuarine migration of anosmic and control silver-phase American eels was examined during the fall spawning migration. Ultrasonic telemetry was used to track seventeen control and eight anosmic silver eels through 32 km of the Penobscot Estuary, Maine, U.S.A.. Twelve of seventeen control eels migrated out of the estuary in 97 h (approximately 4 d) on average. Only two of eight anosmic eels migrated out of the estuary. On average these two anosmic eels migrated out of the estuary within 180 h (approximately 7.5 d) of release and the other six had not left within 9 d. Most control eels progressed rapidly to the mouth of the estuary within a few days. Anosmic eels spent more time in the estuary and demonstrated different behavior from control eels due to their lack of olfaction. Some control eels moved with the appropriate tide, the ebb tide for transport out of the estuary, within one tidal cycle of being released into tidal freshwater. However, anosmic eels either did not move with the appropriate tide or took significantly longer to do so. Olfaction was probably used for orientation by control eels sensing chemical clues (organic and inorganic), which change throughout the tidal cycle. Increased migration times and errors in orientation were likely related to the inability of anosmic eels to use selective tidal stream transport for movement out of the estuary. Chemical clues seem to be one of the most important environmental clues used to guide estuarine migration of silver eels. However, a hierarchy of sensory mechanisms and environmental clues are most likely used for estuarine orientation. C1 Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Barbin, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, BRD, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM gbarbin@javanet.com NR 22 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD NOV PY 1998 VL 53 IS 3 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.1023/A:1007469232698 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 133ML UT WOS:000076690300005 ER PT J AU Tatu, CA Orem, WH Finkelman, RB Feder, GL AF Tatu, CA Orem, WH Finkelman, RB Feder, GL TI The etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy: Still more questions than answers SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE aromatic compounds; Balkan endemic nephropathy; chronic interstitial nephropathy; environmental disease; ochratoxin; Pliocene lignite; urinary tract tumors ID OCHRATOXIN-A; SELENIUM DEFICIENCY; HUMAN BLOOD; DISEASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; FEATURES; TUNISIA; CANCER; HEALTH AB Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) has attracted increasing attention as a possible environmental disease, and a significant amount of research from complementary scientific fields has been dedicated to its etiology. There are two actual competing theories attempting to explain the cause of this kidney disease: 1) the mycotoxin hypothesis, which considers that BEN is produced by ochratoxin A ingested intermittently in small amounts by the individuals in the endemic regions, and 2) the Pliocene lignite hypothesis, which proposes that the disease is caused by long-term exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other toxic organic compounds leaching into the well drinking water from low rank coals underlying or proximal to the endemic settlements. We outline the current developments and future prospects in the study of BEN and differentiate possible factors and cofactors in disease etiology. C1 Forslys Grp, Timisoara, Romania. US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Team, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Tatu, CA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, CB 7290 804 MEJB, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 62 TC 108 Z9 113 U1 2 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 106 IS 11 BP 689 EP 700 DI 10.2307/3434257 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 144TM UT WOS:000077331200018 PM 9799184 ER PT J AU Burkardt, N Lamb, BL Taylor, JG AF Burkardt, N Lamb, BL Taylor, JG TI Desire to bargain and negotiation success: Lessons about the need to negotiate from six hydropower disputes SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE alternative dispute resolution; federal licenses; Federal Energy Regulatory Commission; instream flow; environmental planning AB We investigated the notion that successful negotiations require that all parties to the dispute must have a desire to bargain. This desire is most likely to be present when the dispute exhibits ripeness and each party believes a bargained solution is the most cost-effective way to resolve differences. Structured interviews of participants in six Federal Energy Regulatory Commission hydropower licensing consultations were conducted to determine the level of need to negotiate for each party. The findings indicate that a need to negotiate is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for success. Several factors were associated with a need to negotiate: a weak BATNA (best alternative to a negotiated agreement); a salient issue; participants' sense of efficacy;a sense of inevitability; professional roles encouraging negotiation; and disputes about facts as opposed to disputes about values. Participants' need to negotiate fluctuated throughout the process and intensified when questions were ripe: i.e., critical issues were debated or the regulatory process required action. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Social Econ & Inst Anal Sect, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Lamb, BL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Social Econ & Inst Anal Sect, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, 4512 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 22 IS 6 BP 877 EP 886 DI 10.1007/s002679900155 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 118ZN UT WOS:000075871000007 ER PT J AU McMahon, G Harned, DA AF McMahon, G Harned, DA TI Effect of environmental setting on sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations in Albemarle-Pamlico drainage basin, North Carolina and Virginia, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE environmental setting; water quality; watershed management; nutrients; sediment ID WATER-QUALITY; HIERARCHICAL FRAMEWORK; HYDROLOGIC LANDSCAPES; DELMARVA PENINSULA; ECOLOGICAL REGIONS; UNITED-STATES; ECOREGIONS; STREAMS; LEVEL AB Environmental settings were defined, th rough an overlay process, as areas of coincidence between categories of three mapped variables-land use, surficial geology, and soil drainage characteristics. Expert judgment was used in selecting factors thought to influence sediment and nutrient concentrations in the Albemarle-Pamlico drainage area. This study's findings support the hypothesis that environmental settings defined using these three variables can explain variations in the concentration of certain sediment and nutrient constituents. This finding underscores the importance of developing watershed management plans that account for differences associated with the mosaic of natural and anthropogenic factors that define a basin's environmental setting. At least in the case of sediment and nutrients in the Albemarle-Pamlico region, a watershed management plan that focuses only on anthropogenic factors, such as point-source discharges, and does not account for natural characteristics of a watershed and the influences of these characteristics on water quality, may lead to water-quality goals that are over- or underprotective of key environmental features and to a misallocation of the resources available for environmental protection. C1 US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP McMahon, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. NR 47 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 22 IS 6 BP 887 EP 903 DI 10.1007/s002679900156 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 118ZN UT WOS:000075871000008 ER PT J AU Nimmo, DR Willox, MJ Lafrancois, TD Chapman, PL Brinkman, SF Greene, JC AF Nimmo, DR Willox, MJ Lafrancois, TD Chapman, PL Brinkman, SF Greene, JC TI Effects of metal mining and milling on boundary waters of Yellowstone National Park, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE mining; metals; toxicity; biomonitoring; copper; Yellowstone National Park ID CLARK-FORK RIVER; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROWN TROUT; MONTANA AB Aquatic resources in Soda Butte Creek within Yellowstone National Park, USA. continue tb be threatened by heavy metals from historical mining and milling activities that occurred upstream of the park's boundary. This includes the residue of gold, silver, and copper ore mining and processing in the early 1900s near Cooke City, Montana, just downstream of the creek's headwaters. Toxicity tests, using surrogate test species, and analyses of metals in water, sediments. and macroinvertebrate tissue were conducted from 1993 to 1995. Chronic toxicity to test species was greater in the spring than the fall and metal concentrations were elevated in the spring with copper exceeding water quality criteria in 1995. Tests with amphipods using pore water and whole sediment from the creek and copper concentrations in the tissue of macroinvertebrates and fish also suggest that copper is the metal of concern in the watershed. In order to understand current conditions in Soda Butte Creek, heavy metals, especially copper, must be considered important factors in the aquatic and riparian ecosystems within and along the creek extending into Yellowstone National Park. C1 Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Nimmo, DR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 22 IS 6 BP 913 EP 926 DI 10.1007/s002679900158 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 118ZN UT WOS:000075871000010 ER PT J AU Ravichandran, M Aiken, GR Reddy, MM Ryan, JN AF Ravichandran, M Aiken, GR Reddy, MM Ryan, JN TI Enhanced dissolution of cinnabar (mercuric sulfide) by dissolved organic matter isolated from the Florida Everglades SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FULVIC-ACID; WATERS; MOBILIZATION; REDUCTION; SYSTEM; PYRITE; SULFUR; SOILS; IRON AB Organic matter isolated from the Florida Everglades caused a dramatic increase in mercury release (up to 35 mu M total dissolved mercury) from cinnabar (HgS), a solid with limited solubility. Hydrophobic (a mixture of both humic and fulvic) acids dissolved more mercury than hydrophilic acids and other nonacid fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Cinnabar dissolution by isolated organic matter and natural water samples was inhibited by cations such as Ca2+. Dissolution was independent of oxygen content in experimental solutions. Dissolution experiments conducted in DI water (pH = 6.0) had no detectable (<2.5 nM) dissolved mercury. The presence of various inorganic (chloride, sulfate, or sulfide) and organic ligands (salicylic acid, acetic acid, EDTA, or cysteine) did not enhance the dissolution of mercury from the mineral. Aromatic carbon content in the isolates (determined by C-13 NMR) correlated positively with enhanced cinnabar dissolution. zeta-potential measurements indicated sorption of negatively charged organic matter to the negatively charged cinnabar (pH(pzc) = 4.0) at pH 6.0. Possible mechanisms of dissolution include surface complexation of mercury and oxidation of surface sulfur species by the organic matter. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Ravichandran, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Campus Box 428, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ravicham@ucsub.colorado.edu RI Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012 NR 39 TC 123 Z9 131 U1 12 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 21 BP 3305 EP 3311 DI 10.1021/es9804058 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 136GJ UT WOS:000076850200028 ER PT J AU Van Metre, PC Wilson, JT Callender, E Fuller, CC AF Van Metre, PC Wilson, JT Callender, E Fuller, CC TI Similar rates of decrease of persistent, hydrophobic and particle-reactive contaminants in riverine systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY TRENDS; SEDIMENT CORES; GREAT-LAKES; RESERVOIR; RADIONUCLIDES; ACCUMULATION; TRANSPORT; TEXAS AB Although it is well-known that concentrations of anthropogenic radionuclides and organochlorine compounds in aquatic systems have decreased since their widespread release has stopped in the United States, the magnitude and variability of rates of decrease are not well-known. Paleolimnological studies of reservoirs provide a tool for evaluating these long-term trends in riverine systems. Rates of decrease from the 1960s to the 1990s of Cs-137, PCBs, and total DDT in dated sediment cores from 11 reservoirs in the eastern and central United States were modeled using first;order rate models. Mean half-times of 10.0 (+/-2.5), 9.5 (+/-2.2), and 13 (+/-5.8) yr for decay-corrected Cs-137, PCBs, and total DDT, respectively, are surprisingly similar. Similar rates of decrease in a few reservoirs are also demonstrated for chlordane and lead. Conceptual and simple mathematical models relating two soil distributions of Cs-137 to trends in the cores provide insight into differences in trends between watersheds with different land uses and suggest that trends are controlled by erosion, transport, mixing, and deposition of sediments. These results, supported by similar trends reported for other settings and environmental media, could provide an estimate of the decadal response time of riverine systems to changes in the regulation of other persistent hydrophobic or particle-reactive contaminants. C1 US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Van Metre, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8011 Cameron Rd, Austin, TX 78754 USA. OI Fuller, Christopher/0000-0002-2354-8074; Wilson, Jennifer/0000-0003-4481-6354; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 NR 29 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 21 BP 3312 EP 3317 DI 10.1021/es9801902 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 136GJ UT WOS:000076850200029 ER PT J AU Beyer, WN Day, D Morton, A Pachepsky, Y AF Beyer, WN Day, D Morton, A Pachepsky, Y TI Relation of lead exposure to sediment ingestion in mute swans on the Chesapeake Bay, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; waterfowl; copper; metals ID SOIL INGESTION; CYGNUS-OLOR; COPPER AB Although wildlife risk assessments are generally based on the accumulation of environmental contaminants through food chains, wildlife may also ingest contaminants incidentally with sediment. Forty-two mute swans (Cygnus olor) were collected from unpolluted portions of central Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA, in spring 1995, and their intestinal digesta were analyzed for 13 metals (aluminum [Al], boron, barium, cadmium, copper [Cu], iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel,lead [Pb], strontium, vanadium, and zinc) and for acid-insoluble ash, a marker of sediment. Swan livers and sediment samples also were analyzed for the same metals. Group method of data handling demonstrated that the digesta Al, which is associated with clays, was the best predictor of digesta Pb. Adding concentrations of other metals as predictors did not improve the accuracy of the estimates of Pb concentrations from Al concentrations. The r(2) of the equation relating the log of digesta Pb to the log of digesta Al was 0.86, whereas the r(2) of the equation relating the log of digesta Pb to the log of digesta acid-insoluble ash was 0.50. Accounting for the sediment ingested was critical to determining the exposure of mute swans to Pb, as well as to some of the other metals, and sediment ingestion should be considered in ecotoxicological risk assessments of waterfowl. The mean of 7.4% acid-insoluble ash in the digesta corresponded to an estimated 3.2% sediment in the diet. The Pb concentrations in the digesta were two to three times the concentration that would have been predicted from sediment Pb concentrations; presumably, the swans had ingested clays high in Pb that had settled on the vegetation. The swans were probably not exposed to high Cu concentrations but nevertheless had hepatic Cu concentrations that would be considered very high if found in other species. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Beyer, WN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12011 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 19 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2298 EP 2301 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1998)017<2298:ROLETS>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 130TV UT WOS:000076537200021 ER PT J AU Besser, JM Ingersoll, CG Leonard, EN Mount, DR AF Besser, JM Ingersoll, CG Leonard, EN Mount, DR TI Effect of zeolite on toxicity of ammonia in freshwater sediments: Implications for toxicity identification evaluation procedures SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE toxicity identification; ammonia; sediment toxicity; zeolite; metals ID AMPHIPOD HYALELLA-AZTECA; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; QUALITY CRITERIA; TECHNICAL BASIS; WATER; PH; MACROINVERTEBRATES; BIOASSAYS; HARDNESS; METALS AB Techniques for reducing ammonia toxicity in freshwater sediments were investigated as part of a project to develop toxicity identification and evaluation (TIE) procedures for whole sediments. Although ammonia is a natural constituent of freshwater sediments, pollution can lead to ammonia concentrations that are toxic to benthic invertebrates, and ammonia can also contribute to the toxicity of sediments that contain more persistent contaminants. We investigated the use of amendments of a natural zeolite mineral, clinoptilolite, to reduce concentrations of ammonia in sediment pore water. Zeolites have been widely used for removal of ammonia in water treatment and in aqueous TIE procedures. The addition of granulated zeolite to ammonia-spiked sediments reduced pore-water ammonia concentrations and reduced ammonia toxicity to invertebrates. Amendments of 20% zeolite (v/v) reduced ammonia concentrations in pore water by greater than or equal to 70% in spiked sediments with ammonia concentrations typical of contaminated freshwater sediments. Zeolite amendments reduced toxicity of ammonia-spiked sediments to three taxa of benthic invertebrates (Hyalella azteca, Lumbriculus variegatus, and Chironomus tentans), despite their widely differing sensitivity to ammonia toxicity. In contrast, zeolite amendments did not reduce acute toxicity of sediments containing high concentrations of cadmium or copper or reduce concentrations of these metals in pore waters. These studies suggest that zeolite amendments, used in conjunction with toxicity tests with sensitive taxa such as H. azteca, may be an effective technique for selective reduction of ammonia toxicity in freshwater sediments. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Environm & Contaminants Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Besser, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Environm & Contaminants Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM john_besser@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 16 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2310 EP 2317 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 130TV UT WOS:000076537200023 ER PT J AU Adams, MJ Claeson, S AF Adams, MJ Claeson, S TI Field response of tadpoles to conspecific and heterospecific alarm SO ETHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; CHEMICAL CUES; TOAD TADPOLES; PREDATOR; AVOIDANCE; EXPERIENCE; RISK; FROG; FISH AB Many organisms use chemical cues from a variety of sources to mediate predator avoidance. Response to heterospecific alarm cues has been demonstrated for tadpoles within but not among taxa and alarm response behavior has seldom been examined under field conditions. This study examined the response of three sympatric amphibian larvae and predaceous larval Dytiscus sp. (diving beetle) to damage-release signals in natural ponds by using capture rates from treated funnel traps as an index of larval behavior. Hyla regilla (Pacific tree frog) tadpoles avoided traps treated with either crushed conspecifics or with Rana aurora (red-legged frog) tadpoles but the larger ranids and Ambystoma macrodactylum (long-toed salamander) did not respond to either treatment. H. regilla tadpoles were likely susceptible to any potential predators of ranid tadpoles in these ponds and this result is consistent with the hypothesis that a response to heterospecific alarm occurs in sympatric prey with shared predators. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Adams, MJ (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-1613 J9 ETHOLOGY JI Ethology PD NOV PY 1998 VL 104 IS 11 BP 955 EP 961 PG 7 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 147LX UT WOS:000077570200006 ER PT J AU Alcorn, D AF Alcorn, D TI Reaching out to a non-angling public SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Alcorn, D (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1033 N Fairfax St,Suite 200, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV PY 1998 VL 23 IS 11 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 133AR UT WOS:000076664700001 ER PT J AU Meador, MR Layher, AO AF Meador, MR Layher, AO TI Instream sand and gravel mining: Environmental issues and regulatory process in the United States SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Sand and gravel are widely used throughout the U.S. construction industry, but their extraction can significantly affect the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of mined streams. Fisheries biologists often find themselves involved in the complex environmental and regulatory issues related to instream sand and gravel mining. This paper provides an overview of information presented in a symposium held at the 1997 midyear meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society in San Antonio, Texas, to discuss environmental issues and regulatory procedures related to instream mining. Conclusions from the symposium suggest that complex physicochemical and biotic responses to disturbance such as channel incision and alteration of riparian vegetation ultimately determine the effects of instream mining. An understanding of geomorphic processes can provide insight into the effects of mining operations on stream function, and multidisciplinary empirical studies are needed to determine the relative effects of mining versus other natural and human-induced stream alterations. Mining regulations often result in a confusing regulatory process complicated, for example, by the role of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, which has undergone numerous changes and remains unclear. Dialogue among scientists, miners, and regulators can provide an important first step toward developing a plan that integrates biology and politics to protect aquatic resources. C1 US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Meador, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV PY 1998 VL 23 IS 11 BP 6 EP 13 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(1998)023<0006:ISAGM>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 133AR UT WOS:000076664700002 ER PT J AU Shrimpton, JM McCormick, SD AF Shrimpton, JM McCormick, SD TI Regulation of gill cytosolic corticosteroid receptors in juvenile Atlantic salmon: Interaction effects of growth hormone with prolactin and triiodothyronine SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gill; corticosteroid receptor; Na+,K+-ATPase activity; cortisol; growth hormone; prolactin; triiodothyronine; Atlantic salmon ID K+-ATPASE ACTIVITY; PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; PLASMA THYROID-HORMONES; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; RAINBOW-TROUT; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS; SEAWATER ADAPTATION; CORTISOL TREATMENT; FRESH-WATER AB The potential effects of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (Prl), and triiodothyronine (T-3) on gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity and corticosteroid receptor (CR) concentration (B-max) and dissociation constant (K-d) were examined in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Compared to controls, fish injected with GH (ovine, 5.0 mu g g(-1)) had significantly greater gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity after 7 and 14 days. Gill CR B-max and K-d were significantly elevated on day 7, but not day 14. T-3 also significantly increased CR B-max. The effect of GH on CR B-max was also additive with T-3 (5.0 mu g g(-1)) treatment. There was a synergistic effect on CR B-max when purified coho salmon GH (csGH, 0.1 mu g g(-1)) was injected in combination with T-3 (1.6 mu g g(-1)). Prl (ovine, 5.0 mu g g(-1); purified coho salmon, 0.1 mu g g(-1)) did not significantly alter gill CR B-max. Although Prl limited the increase in CR B-max by GH, the effect was not signicant. T-3 and Prl did not have an effect on K-d. GH significantly increased gill Na+,K+- ATPase activity, T-3 administration did not have a significant effect, and Prl-treated fish had significantly lower gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity. The results indicate that T-3 acts additively with GH, while Prl has no effect in regulating CR B-max. An increase in cytosolic CR by GH and T-3, but not Prl, may regulate gill responsiveness to cortisol and be an important mechanism in the endocrine control of physiological changes during the parr-smelt transformation. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 USGS, Biol Resources Div, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA USA. RP Univ No British Columbia, Biol Program, 3333 Univ Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. EM shrimptm@unbc.ca NR 56 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 112 IS 2 BP 262 EP 274 DI 10.1006/gcen.1998.7172 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 135NW UT WOS:000076809900015 PM 9784310 ER PT J AU Cormier, VF Xu, L Choy, GL AF Cormier, VF Xu, L Choy, GL TI Seismic attenuation of the inner core: Viscoelastic or stratigraphic? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION-BAND; ANISOTROPY AB Broadband velocity waveforms of PKIKP. in the distance range 150 degrees to 180 degrees are inverted for inner core attenuation. A mean Q(alpha) of 244 is determined at 1 Hz from 8 polar and 9 equatorial paths. The scatter in measured Q(-1) exceeds individual error estimates, suggesting significant variation in attenuation with path. These results are interpreted by (1) viscoelasticity, in which the relaxation spectrum has a low-frequency corner near or slightly above the frequency band of short-period body waves, and by (2) stratigraphic (scattering) attenuation, in which attenuation and pulse broadening are caused by the interference of scattered multiples in a velocity structure having rapid fluctuations along a PKIKP path. In the scattering interpretation, PKIKP attenuation is only weakly affected by the intrinsic shear attenuation measured in the free-oscillation band. Instead, its frequency dependence, path variations, and fluctuations are all explained by scattering attenuation in a heterogeneous fabric resulting from solidification texturing of intrinsically anisotropic iron. The requisite fabric may consist of either single or ordered groups of crystals with P velocity differences of at least 5% and as much as 12% between two crystallographic axes at scale lengths of 0.5 to 2 km in the direction parallel to the axis of rotation and longer in the cylindrically radial direction, perpendicular to the axis of rotation. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Geol & Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Cormier, VF (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Geol & Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM cormier@geol.uconn.edu; choy@neis.cr.usgs.gov NR 15 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 25 IS 21 BP 4019 EP 4022 DI 10.1029/1998GL900074 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 136CE UT WOS:000076839800026 ER PT J AU Garges, JA Baehr, AL AF Garges, JA Baehr, AL TI Type curves to determine the relative importance of advection and dispersion for solute and vapor transport SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB The relative importance of advection and dispersion for both solute and vapor transport can be determined from type curves for concentration, flux, or cumulative nux, The dimensionless form of the type curves provides a means to directly evaluate the importance of mass transport by advection relative to that of mass transport by diffusion and dispersion. Type curves based on an analytical solution to the advection-dispersion equation are plotted in terms of dimensionless time and Peclet number. Flux and cumulative flux type curves provide additional rationale for transport regime determination in addition to the traditional concentration type curves. The extension of type curves to include vapor transport with phase partitioning in the unsaturated zone is a new development, Type curves for negative Peclet numbers also are presented. A negative Peclet number characterizes a problem in which the direction of now is toward the contamination source, and thereby diffusion and advection can act in opposite directions. Examples are the diffusion of solutes away from the downgradient edge of a pump-and-treat capture zone, the upward diffusion of vapors through the unsaturated zone with recharge, and the diffusion of solutes through a low hydraulic conductivity cutoff wall with an inward advective gradient. C1 Conestoga Rovers & Associates, Exton, PA 19341 USA. US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. RP Garges, JA (reprint author), Conestoga Rovers & Associates, 559 W Uwchlan Ave,Ste 120, Exton, PA 19341 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 36 IS 6 BP 959 EP 965 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02102.x PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 136MZ UT WOS:000076864400013 ER PT J AU Hunt, RJ Anderson, MP Kelson, VA AF Hunt, RJ Anderson, MP Kelson, VA TI Improving a complex finite-difference ground water flow model through the use of an analytic element screening model SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID LAKES; EXCHANGE AB This paper demonstrates that analytic element models have potential as powerful screening tools that can facilitate or improve calibration of more complicated finite-difference and finite-element models. We demonstrate how a two-dimensional analytic element model was used to identify errors in a complex three-dimensional finite difference model caused by incorrect specification of boundary conditions. An improved finite-difference model was developed using boundary conditions developed from a far-field analytic element model. Calibration of a revised finite-difference model was achieved using fewer zones of hydraulic conductivity and lake bed conductance than the original finite-difference model, Calibration statistics were also improved in that simulated base-flows were much closer to measured values. The improved calibration is due mainly to improved specification of the boundary conditions made possible by first solving the far-field problem with an analytic element model. C1 US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Hunt, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM rjhunt@usgs.gov; andy@geology.wisc.edu; vkelson@indiana.edu NR 26 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1011 EP 1017 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02108.x PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 136MZ UT WOS:000076864400019 ER PT J AU Ball, JW Nordstrom, DK AF Ball, JW Nordstrom, DK TI Critical evaluation and selection of standard state thermodynamic properties for chromium metal and its aqueous ions, hydrolysis species, oxides, and hydroxides SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 GSA Annual Meeting CY 1997 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP GSA ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS; SEA-WATER; CHEMICAL SPECIATION; ORGANIC MATERIALS; EQUILIBRIUM; SOLUBILITY; 25-DEGREES-C; CONSTANTS; ENTHALPY; SEAWATER AB This review critically evaluates the reported thermodynamic data on chromium metal oxides, hydroxides, free aqueous ions, and hydrolysis species. Several discrepancies and inconsistencies have been uncovered and resolved to improve equilibrium calculations for chemical modeling and related engineering purposes. A revised set of data is derived from evaluation of electrochemical measurements, silver chromate solubility measurements, and auxiliary post-1980 data, reevaluation of earlier data, and reconsideration of:the path for the thermodynamic network. The recommended thermodynamic values for Cr-(cr), Cr-(aq)(2+), Cr-(aq)(3+), CrO4(aq)(2-), Cr2O7(aq)(2-), Cr2O3(cr), CrO3(cr), FeCr2O4(cr), CrCl2(cr), CrCl3(cr), and KFe3(CrO4)(2)(OH)(6(cr)) at 25 degrees C, 1 bar, and infinite dilution are given. C1 USGS, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Ball, JW (reprint author), USGS, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 177 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 4 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 43 IS 6 BP 895 EP 918 DI 10.1021/je980080a PG 24 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 140VF UT WOS:000077108500001 ER PT J AU Beyer, WN Audet, DJ Morton, A Campbell, JK LeCaptain, L AF Beyer, WN Audet, DJ Morton, A Campbell, JK LeCaptain, L TI Lead exposure of waterfowl ingesting Coeur d'Alene River Basin sediments SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Feces from tundra swans [Cygnus columbianus (Ord)], Canada geese [Branta canadensis (L,)], and mallards [Anas platyrhynchos (L.)] were collected from the Coeur d'Alene River Basin and two reference areas In Idaho to estimate exposure to lead from mining activities and relate that exposure to the ingestion of contaminated sediments. The average acid-insoluble ash content of the feces, a measure of sediment ingestion, was 18% for Canada geese and tundra swans, and 12% for ducks, The 18% value corresponded to an estimated 9% sediment ingestion rate (dry weight). The 90th percentile for acid-insoluble ash in feces of tundra swans corresponded to an estimated 22% sediment in the diet. The average lead concentration (dry weight) of tundra swan feces from all Coeur d'Alene River Basin wetlands sampled was 880 mg/kg, compared to 2.1 mg kg(-1) from reference areas. The 90th percentile of lead in tundra swan feces from the Coeur d'Alene River Basin sites was 2700 mg kg(-1). Fecal lead concentrations of tundra swans were correlated (Spearman's rho = 0.74, P < 0.05) with the acid-insoluble ash content of the feces. The very low lead concentrations in feces having low acid-insoluble ash contents established that the sediment was the primary source of the lead ingested by waterfowl. Sediment lead concentrations at 11 wetland sites were closely correlated (r = 0.91, P < 0.05) with average fetal lead concentrations for all waterfowl, corrected for the average percent acid-insoluble ash in the feces. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Coeur dAlene Basin NRDA & Restorat Off, Spokane, WA 99206 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Klamath Basin Ecosyst Restorat Off, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. RP Beyer, WN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12011 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 9 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1533 EP 1538 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 141CV UT WOS:000077125800039 ER PT J AU Gough, LP Marsh, SP AF Gough, LP Marsh, SP TI Fourth International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry (4th ISEG) - Part I SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Gough, LP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 64 IS 1-3 BP VII EP VII PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 151DC UT WOS:000077704600001 ER PT J AU Domagalski, J AF Domagalski, J TI Occurrence and transport of total mercury and methyl mercury in the Sacramento River Basin, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry (4th ISEG) CY OCT 05-10, 1997 CL VAIL, COLORADO SP US Geol Survey, AEG, Soc Environm Geochem & Hlth, Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem DE mercury; water pollution; water quality; Sacramento River; California ID WATER; ECOSYSTEMS AB Mercury poses a water-quality problem for California's Sacramento River, a large river with a mean annual discharge of over 650 m(3)/s. This river discharges into the San Francisco Bay, and numerous fish species of the bay and river contain mercury levels high enough to affect human health if consumed. Two possible sources of mercury are the mercury mines in the Coast Ranges and the gold mines in the Sierra Nevada. Mercury was once mined in the Coast Ranges, west of the Sacramento River, and used to process gold in the Sierra Nevada, east of the river. The mineralogy of the Coast Ranges mercury deposits is mainly cinnabar (HgS), but elemental mercury was used to process gold in the Sierra Nevada. Residual mercury from mineral processing in the Sierra Nevada is mainly in elemental form or in association with oxide particles or organic matter and is biologically available. Recent bed-sediment sampling, at sites below large reservoirs, showed elevated levels of total mercury (median concentration 0.28 mu g/g) in every large river (the Feather, Yuba, Bear, and American rivers) draining the Sierra Nevada gold region. Monthly sampling for mercury in unfiltered water shows relatively low concentrations during the nonrainy season in samples collected throughout the Sacramento River Basin, but significantly higher concentrations following storm-water runoff. Measured concentrations, following storm-water runoff, frequently exceeded the state of California standards for the protection of aquatic life. Results from the first year of a 2-year program of sampling for methyl mercury in unfiltered water showed similar median concentrations (0.1 ng/l) at all sampling locations, but with apparent high seasonal concentrations measured during autumn and winter. Methyl mercury concentrations were not significantly higher in rice field runoff water, even though rice production involves the creation of seasonal wetlands: higher rates of methylation are known to occur in stagnant wetland environments that have high dissolved carbon. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Domagalski, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM joed@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 64 IS 1-3 BP 277 EP 291 DI 10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00038-7 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 151DC UT WOS:000077704600023 ER PT J AU Lind, CJ Creasey, CL Angeroth, C AF Lind, CJ Creasey, CL Angeroth, C TI In-situ alteration of minerals by acidic ground water resulting from mining activities: preliminary evaluation of method SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry (4th ISEG) CY OCT 05-10, 1997 CL VAIL, COLORADO SP US Geol Survey, AEG, Soc Environm Geochem & Hlth, Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem DE in-situ experiment; acid mine drainage; Fe deposition; Cu-mining pollution ID PINAL-CREEK; INTERSTITIAL WATER; ARIZONA; USA; SAMPLER; SEDIMENTS; DIALYSIS; ALLUVIUM; METALS AB The chemical composition of the Cu-mining-related acidic ground water (pH similar to 3.5 to near neutral) in Final Creek Basin, Arizona has been monitored since 1980, In-situ experiments are planned using alluvial sediments placed in the ground-water flow path to measure changes in mineral and chemical composition and changes in dissolution rates of subsurface alluvial sediments. The test results should help refine developed models of predicted chemical changes in ground-water composition and models of streamflow. For the preliminary test, sediment from the depth of the well screen of a newly drilled well was installed in three wells, the source well (pH 4.96) and two up-gradient wells (pHs 4.27 and 4.00). The sediment was placed in woven macrofilters, fastened in series to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes, and hung at the screened level of each well. After interacting with the slowly moving ground water for 48 days, the test sediments were removed for analysis. There was no evidence that any of the materials used were biologically or chemically degraded or thar the porosity of the filters was diminished by ferric hydroxide precipitation. These materials included 21-mu m-pore (21PEMF) and 47-mu m-pore polyester and the 174-mu m-pore fluorocarbon Spectra/mesh macrofilters containing the in-situ sediment, the polypropylene (PP) macrofilter support structures, and the Nylon (NY) monofilament line used to attach the samples to the PVC pipe. Based on chemical and mineral composition and on particle-size distribution of the sediment before and after ground-water exposure, the 21PEMF macrofilter was chosen as the most suitable macrofilter for the long-term in-situ experiment. Tests also showed that the FP support structures and the NY monofilament line were sufficiently durable for this experiment. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, WRD, NRP, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. USGS, Dist Off, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Lind, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WRD, NRP, M-S 427,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 64 IS 1-3 BP 293 EP 305 DI 10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00039-9 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 151DC UT WOS:000077704600024 ER PT J AU McCartan, L Peper, JD Bachman, LJ Horton, JW AF McCartan, L Peper, JD Bachman, LJ Horton, JW TI Application of geologic map information to water quality issues in the southern part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, Maryland and Virginia, eastern United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry (4th ISEG) CY OCT 05-10, 1997 CL VAIL, COLORADO SP US Geol Survey, AEG, Soc Environm Geochem & Hlth, Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem DE acid neutralization; Chesapeake; denitrification; geologic map; lithogeochemical; lithologic; rock-water interaction AB Geologic map units contain much information about the mineralogy, chemistry, and physical attributes of the rocks mapped. This paper presents information from regional-scale geologic maps in Maryland and Virginia, which are in the southern part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed in the eastern United Stares. The geologic map information is discussed and analyzed in relation to water chemistry data from shallow wells and stream reaches in the area. Two environmental problems in the Chesapeake Bay watershed are used as test examples. The problems, high acidity and high nitrate concentrations in streams and rivers, tend to be mitigated by some rock and sediment types and not by others. Carbonate rocks (limestone, dolomite, and carbonate-cemented rocks) have the greatest capacity to neutralize acidic ground water and surface water in contact with them. Rocks and sediments having high carbon of sulfur contents (such as peat and black shale) potentially contribute the most toward denitrification of ground water and surface water in contact with them. Rocks and sediments that are composed mostly of quartz, feldspar, and light-colored clay (rocks such as granite and sandstone, sediments such as sand and gravel) tend not to alter the chemistry of waters that ape in contact with them. The testing of relationships between regionally mapped geologic units and water chemistry is in a preliminary stage, and initial results are encouraging. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. RP Horton, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 926-A Natl Ctr,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM whorton@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 64 IS 1-3 BP 355 EP 376 DI 10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00043-0 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 151DC UT WOS:000077704600029 ER PT J AU Manheim, FT ten Brink, MRB Mecray, EL AF Manheim, FT ten Brink, MRB Mecray, EL TI Recovery and validation of historical sediment quality data from coastal and estuarine areas: an integrated approach SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry (4th ISEG) CY OCT 05-10, 1997 CL VAIL, COLORADO SP US Geol Survey, AEG, Soc Environm Geochem & Hlth, Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem DE geochemical databases; quality screening; contaminated harbor sediments; historical data; Boston Harbor; Massachusetts Bay AB A comprehensive database of sediment chemistry and environmental parameters has been compiled for Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay. This work illustrates methodologies for rescuing and validating sediment data from heterogeneous historical sources. It greatly expands spatial and temporal data coverage of estuarine and coastal sediments. The database contains about 3500 samples containing inorganic chemical, organic, texture and other environmental data dating from 1955 to 1994. Cooperation with local and federal agencies as well as universities was essential in locating and screening documents for the database. More than 80% of references utilized came from sources with limited distribution (gray Literature). Task sharing was facilitated by a comprehensive and clearly defined data dictionary for sediments. It also served as a data entry template and flat file format for data processing and as a basis for interpretation and graphical illustration. Standard QA/QC protocols are usually inapplicable to historical sediment data. In this work outliers and data quality problems were identified by batch screening techniques that also provide visualizations of data relationships and geochemical affinities. No data were excluded, but qualifying comments warn users of problem data. For Boston Harbor, the proportion of irreparable or seriously questioned data was remarkably small (<5%), although concentration values for metals and organic contaminants spanned 3 orders of magnitude for many elements or compounds. Data from the historical database provide alternatives to dated cores for measuring changes in surficial sediment contamination level with time. The data indicate that spatial inhomogeneity in harbor environments can be large with respect to sediment-hosted contaminants. Boston Inner Harbor surficial sediments showed decreases in concentrations of Cu, Hg, and Zn of 40 to 60% over a 17-year period. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Marine Geol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Manheim, FT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Marine Geol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 64 IS 1-3 BP 377 EP 393 DI 10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00044-2 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 151DC UT WOS:000077704600030 ER PT J AU Leinz, RW Hoover, DB Meier, AL AF Leinz, RW Hoover, DB Meier, AL TI NEOCHIM: an electrochemical method for environmental application SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry (4th ISEG) CY OCT 05-10, 1997 CL VAIL, COLORADO SP US Geol Survey, AEG, Soc Environm Geochem & Hlth, Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem DE remediation; monitoring; soil; electrokinetic; NEOCHIM ID REMOVAL; CONTAMINANTS; ELECTROKINETICS; ELECTROOSMOSIS; KAOLINITE; METALS; SOIL AB Ion migration and electroosmosis are the principal processes underlying electrokinetic remediation of hazardous wastes from soils. These processes are a response of charged species to an applied electrical current and they are accompanied by electrolysis of water at the electrodes through which the current is applied. Electrolysis results in the formation of OH- at the cathode and H+ at the anode. The current drives the OH- and H+ thus formed from the electrodes, through the soil and to the electrode of opposite charge. Introduction of OH- and H+ into the soil being treated modifies soil chemistry and can interfere with either the collection or immobilization of hazardous waste ions. The introduction of either OH- or H+ to the soil can be problematic to electrokinetic remediation but the problem caused by OH- has been the focus of most researchers. The problem has been addressed by flushing the OH- from the soil near the cathode or treating the soil with buffers. These treatments would apply as well to soils affected by H+. With the NEOCHIM technology, developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for use as a sampling technique in exploration for buried ore deposits, OH- and H+ are retained in the inner compartment of two-compartment electrodes and are thus prevented from reaching the soil. This enables the extraction of cations and anions, including anionic forms of toxic metals such as HAsO42-. One of the principal attributes of NEOCHIM is the large volume of soil from which ions can be extracted. It is mathematically demonstrable that NEOCHIM extraction volumes can be orders of magnitude greater than volumes typically sampled in more conventional geochemical exploration methods or for environmental sampling. The technology may also be used to introduce selected ions into the soil that affect the solubility of ceratin ions present in the soil. Although field tests for mineral exploration have shown NEOCHIM extraction efficiencies of about 25-35%, laboratory experiments suggest that significantly higher efficiencies are possible. The attributes of NEOCHIM combined with relatively low cost of electrical power, indicate that the technology may be useful for remediation and monitoring of hazardous waste sites. Of particular importance is that NEOCHIM extractions affect only dissolved and electrically charged species, hence those prone to move in groundwater. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Hoover Associates, Springfield, MO 65803 USA. RP Leinz, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,Mail Stop 973,Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 64 IS 1-3 BP 421 EP 434 DI 10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00046-6 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 151DC UT WOS:000077704600033 ER PT J AU Hjalmarson, HW Phillips, JV AF Hjalmarson, HW Phillips, JV TI Potential effects of translatory waves on estimation of peak flows - Closure SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Consulting Hydro, Camp Verde, AZ 86322 USA. Hydro US Geol Survey, WRD, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. RP Hjalmarson, HW (reprint author), Consulting Hydro, HC75 Box 3558, Camp Verde, AZ 86322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV PY 1998 VL 124 IS 11 BP 1179 EP 1179 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1998)124:11(1179) PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 131KL UT WOS:000076575000012 ER PT J AU Katz, BG Catches, JS Bullen, TD Michel, RL AF Katz, BG Catches, JS Bullen, TD Michel, RL TI Changes in the isotopic and chemical composition of ground water resulting from a recharge pulse from a sinking stream SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ground-water tracers; geochemical modeling; Floridan aquifer; Karst waters; sinking stream; stable isotopes ID NORTHERN FLORIDA; MANTLED KARST; SINKHOLE LAKE; MASS-TRANSFER; CARBON; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; AQUIFER; TRACERS; TRITIUM AB The Little River, an ephemeral stream that drains a watershed of approximately ss km(2) in northern Florida, disappears into a series of sinkholes along the Cody Scarp and flows directly into the carbonate Upper Floridan aquifer, the source of water supply in northern Florida. The changes in the geochemistry of ground water caused by a major recharge pulse from the sinking stream were investigated using chemical and isotopic tracers and mass-balance modeling techniques, Nine monitoring wells were installed open to the uppermost part of the aquifer in areas near the sinks where numerous subterranean karst solution features were identified using ground penetrating radar. During high-flow conditions in the Little River, the chemistry of water in some of the monitoring wells changed, reflecting the mixing of river water with ground water. Rapid recharge of river water into some parts of the aquifer during high-flow conditions was indicated by enriched values of delta O-18 and delta deuterium (-1.67 to -3.17 per mil and -9.2 to -15.6 per mil, respectively), elevated concentrations of tannic acid, higher (more radiogenic) Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios, and lower concentrations of Rn-222, silica, and alkalinity compared to low-how conditions. The proportion of river water that mixed with ground water ranged from 0.10 to 0.67 based on binary mixing models using the tracers O-18, deuterium, tannic acid, silica, Rn-222, and Sr-87/Sr-86. On the basis of mass-balance modeling during steady-state how conditions, the dominant processes controlling carbon cycling in ground water are the dissolution of calcite and dolomite in aquifer material, and aerobic degradation of organic matter. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32301 USA. JEA Associates Inc, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Katz, BG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 227 N Bronough St,Suite 3015, Tallahassee, FL 32301 USA. EM bkatz@usgs.gov NR 74 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 211 IS 1-4 BP 178 EP 207 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00236-4 PG 30 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 149ML UT WOS:000077609200014 ER PT J AU Lee, BG Luoma, SN AF Lee, BG Luoma, SN TI Influence of microalgal biomass on absorption efficiency of Cd, Cr, and Zn by two bivalves from San Francisco Bay SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; SEDIMENT-BOUND CD; MACOMA-BALTHICA; POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; MARINE BIVALVES; FOOD COMPOSITION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; ASSIMILATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; ACCUMULATION AB The bioavailability to clams (Potamocorbula amurensis and Macoma balthica) of Cd, Cr, and Zn from suspended particulate material (SPM) collected during a phytoplankton bloom was compared to bioavailability from SPM dominated by resuspended sediments. Bioavailability was also compared among mudflat sediments amended with different levels of living benthic microalgae. Bioavailability was defined by absorption efficiencies determined using pulse-chase protocols, modified for studying natural particle assemblages. The partitioning of Cd and Zn to particles (K-d) increased as the microalgae biomass (Chl a) increased in the particle assemblages; partitioning of Cr was less affected by the algal biomass. The clams fed particle assemblages enriched with microalgae absorbed Cd and Zn with significantly greater efficiency than did the clams fed algae-poor particles. This was partially explained by the greater occurrence of Cd and Zn in the cytosolic fraction of the particle assemblages that were microalgae enriched, as well as by the efficient absorption of cytosolic material by the clams. Among metals, Zn was most efficiently absorbed by both clams, and Cr the least. M. balthica absorbed Zn more efficiently from all types of food particles (39-82%) than did P. amurensis (13-50%). P. amurensis absorbed Cd with greater efficiency from the bloom SPM (44-48%) than did M. balthica (13-21%), but the two clams absorbed Cd similarly from benthic microalgae (26-51%). The addition of microalgae to complex natural particle assemblages clearly affected the bioavailability of associated metals, so studies using sediments (or suspended particulate material) that do not include a realistic living food component could underestimate metal bioavailability from particle ingestion. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Lee, BG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS465,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 51 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1455 EP 1466 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 143YK UT WOS:000077285000006 ER PT J AU Striegl, RG Michmerhuizen, CM AF Striegl, RG Michmerhuizen, CM TI Hydrologic influence on methane and carbon dioxide dynamics at two north-central Minnesota lakes SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID WILLIAMS LAKE; WATER; BUDGETS; CO2; STRATIFICATION; SEDIMENTS; MENDOTA; FLUXES AB Annual emissions of (CH4 + CO2) to the atmosphere were proportional to net hydrologic inputs of C, mostly by groundwater, at two lakes in the Shingobee River watershed in north-central Minnesota. Williams Lake (WL), a closed basin lake near the top of the watershed, had a hydraulic residence time of 2-4 yr and groundwater exchange of about +2 mol dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and -0.1 mol dissolved organic carbon (DOC) m(-2) lake area yr(-1). The Shingobee River flows through Shingobee Lake (SL) that had a hydraulic residence of 0.3-0.4 yr and received net groundwater plus surface-water inputs of +5.3 to +7.3 mol DIC and fewer than +1.3 mol (DOC + particulate organic carbon) m(-2) yr(-1). Approximately 60-80% of net annual C input to SL was from groundwater. Lake storage of CH4 and CO2 was greatest in late winter, with maximum emissions to the atmosphere immediately following ice melt. The lakes emitted CH4 continuously during open water, having annual losses of -1.6 mol CH4 m(-2) yr(-1) at WL and -1.9 mol CH4 m(-2) yr(-1) at SL. Although the WL epilimnion was CO2 depleted throughout summer, net annual CO2 exchange with the atmosphere was near zero because springtime emission offset summertime uptake. CO2 supersaturation resulted in emission of -8.0 mol CO2 m(-2) yr(-1) at SL. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Striegl, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 413, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 34 TC 114 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 42 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1519 EP 1529 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 143YK UT WOS:000077285000012 ER PT J AU Kimmerer, WJ Burau, JR Bennett, WA AF Kimmerer, WJ Burau, JR Bennett, WA TI Tidally oriented vertical migration and position maintenance of zooplankton in a temperate estuary SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID COPEPOD EURYTEMORA-AFFINIS; COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; ST-LAWRENCE-ESTUARY; SMELT OSMERUS-MORDAX; WELL-MIXED ESTUARY; ACARTIA-TONSA DANA; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MARINE BAY AB In many estuaries, maxima in turbidity and abundance of several common species of zooplankton occur in the low salinity zone (LSZ) in the range of 0.5-6 practical salinity units (psu). Analysis of zooplankton abundance from monitoring in 1972-1987 revealed that historical maxima in abundance of the copepod Eurytemora affinis and the mysid Neomysis mercedis, and in turbidity as determined from Secchi disk data, were close to the estimated position of 2 psu bottom salinity. The copepod Sinocalanus doerrii had a maximum slightly landward of that of E. affinis. After 1987 these maxima decreased and shifted to a lower salinity, presumably because of the effects of grazing by the introduced clam Potamocorbula amurensis. At the same time, the copepod Pseudodiaptomus forbesi, the mysid Acanthomysis sp., and amphipods became abundant with peaks at salinity around 0.2-0.5 psu. Plausible mechanisms for maintenance of these persistent abundance peaks include interactions between variation in flow and abundance, either in the vertical or horizontal plane, or higher net population growth rate in the peaks than seaward of the peaks. In spring of 1994, a dry year, we sampled in and near the LSZ using a Lagrangian sampling scheme to follow selected isohalines while sampling over several complete tidal cycles. Acoustic Doppler current profilers were used to provide detailed velocity distributions to enable us to estimate longitudinal duxes of organisms. Stratification was weak and gravitational circulation nearly absent in the LSZ. All of the common species of zooplankton migrated vertically in response to the tides, with abundance higher in the water column on the flood than on the ebb. Migration of mysids and amphipods was sufficient to override net seaward flow to produce a net landward flux of organisms. Migration of copepods, however, was insufficient to reverse or even greatly diminish the net seaward flux of organisms, implying alternative mechanisms of position maintenance. C1 San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. RP Kimmerer, WJ (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, POB 855, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. NR 51 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1697 EP 1709 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 143YK UT WOS:000077285000028 ER PT J AU Ribic, CA AF Ribic, CA TI Use of indicator items to monitor marine debris on a New Jersey beach from 1991 to 1996 SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE marine debris; monitoring; trend; indicator items; New Jersey AB The US National Marine Debris Monitoring Program is using indicator items from beach surveys to identify whether amounts of marine debris are changing over time. Indicator items were selected through expert opinion and assumed to reflect the trend of all debris. We used monthly data from a 1991-1996 study of debris on a New Jersey beach to determine if indicator and non-indicator items showed similar trends. Total indicator debris levels did not change; this was true regardless of probable source. Non-indicator debris increased about 40% annually. Plastic non-indicator items increased regardless of whether items were whole items, cigarette filters, or pieces. Of the whole items, almost 50% were plastic lids, cups, and utensils, and about 25% were drug-related paraphernalia, tobacco related products, plastic stirrers, pull rings, and fireworks. When indicator items are used in a monitoring programme to reflect total debris patterns, concordance of trends in indicator and non-indicator debris should be checked. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USGS BRD Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Univ Wisconsin, USGS BRD Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 21 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 36 IS 11 BP 887 EP 891 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(98)00064-2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 148LJ UT WOS:000077506500013 ER PT J AU Baumann, PC AF Baumann, PC TI Epizootics of cancer in fish associated with genotoxins in sediment and water SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE epizootic; cancer in fish; genotoxin ID MICROGADUS-TOMCOD WALBAUM; SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; LAKE ERIE TRIBUTARIES; BROWN BULLHEAD; ICTALURUS-NEBULOSUS; HEPATIC NEOPLASMS; GREAT-LAKES; ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LIVER NEOPLASMS AB Neoplasm epizootics in fish from a wide variety of freshwater, marine, and estuarine locations have been associated with genotoxins in sediment or water. The majority of cases have involved benthic or bottom feeding fish Living in habitats with sediment contaminated by PAHs. The most common lesions involved in such epizootics include Liver neoplasms, both biliary and hepatic, and skin neoplasms. Laboratory research has demonstrated the ability of fish to metabolize carcinogenic PAHs such as B(a)P into the ultimate carcinogen with the resulting formation of DNA adducts. Fish dosed with B(a)P or sediment extracts containing carcinogenic PAHs have developed skin and liver neoplasms. In the Black River, OH, neoplasm prevalence in wild brown bullhead has reflected PAH exposure as the latter has changed due to coke plant closures and remedial dredging activity. The weight of evidence supports a cause-and-effect relationship between exposure to genotoxins in sediment and water and neoplasm epizootics in wild fish populations. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, USGS Field Res Stn Columbus, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Baumann, PC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, USGS Field Res Stn Columbus, 473 Kottman Hall,2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 48 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 411 IS 3 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S1383-5742(98)00015-5 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 138ZY UT WOS:000077004000003 PM 9804959 ER PT J AU Piatt, JF AF Piatt, JF TI Marbled murrelets have declined in Alaska SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USGS, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Piatt, JF (reprint author), USGS, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 72 IS 4 BP 310 EP 314 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 168DP UT WOS:000078676200009 ER PT J AU Mei, SL Zhang, KX Wardlaw, BR AF Mei, SL Zhang, KX Wardlaw, BR TI A refined succession of Changhsingian and Griesbachian neogondolellid conodonts from the Meishan section, candidate of the global stratotype section and point of the Permian-Triassic boundary SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Geological Congress CY AUG 08-09, 1996 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Changhsingian; Griesbachian; neogondolellid conodonts; conodont zones AB A detailed study of new conodont collections from the Changxing Formation at the Meishan section has resulted in taxonomic refinement of several important neogondolellid species. Most of the previously erected species are much more strictly redefined, mainly based on the denticulation of the holotypes, and the stratigraphic ranges attributed to key conodont taxa are modified. Three new species and two new subspecies, all of which are form-species, are tentatively erected and described mainly for the purpose of taxonomic explanation. As a result of the taxonomic refinement, six neogondolellid conodont zones are recognized for the Changxing Formation and the Permian-Triassic boundary interval. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 China Univ Geosci, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. China Univ Geosci, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Mei, SL (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. NR 29 TC 64 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 143 IS 4 BP 213 EP 226 DI 10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00112-6 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 136WP UT WOS:000076882300003 ER PT J AU Osborn, KJ AF Osborn, KJ TI United States Mexico transboundary aerial photography and mapping initiative SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mapping Div, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Osborn, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mapping Div, Box 25046,Bldg 810,MS-507, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 64 IS 11 BP 1085 EP 1088 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 135EH UT WOS:000076787600007 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Rebeles, C Burke, VJ Jennings, MD Ceballos, G Parker, NC AF Gonzalez-Rebeles, C Burke, VJ Jennings, MD Ceballos, G Parker, NC TI Transnational gap analysis of the Rio Bravo Rio Grande region SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Cap analysis is a CIS approach to biodiversity currently employed throughout the continental United States to determine how well native biodiversity is represented in the network of conservation lands. Here, re describe an effort to apply gap analysis to the Rio Bravo/Lower Rio Grande region of Mexico and the United States. Implementation of the study was preceded by establishment of an agreement between the Mexican National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO) and the U.S. Geological Survey. The study will generate land-cover habitat and vertebrate distribution maps for an area that straddles the Rio Bravo/Lower Rio Grande basin extending from Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua/ EI Paso, Texas to the Gulf of Mexico. Vertebrate modeling, based on habitat associations, will identify habitats potentially important to vertebrate life cycles and areas of high biodiversity. A map of land management practices relevant to biodiversity conservation will precede a "gap analysis," which will identify potential areas for the region's reserve network. We also describe the project's use of a nor el software program (Spectrum) to analyze Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery. Conducting the gap analysis in Mexico and relating it to the gap analysis for Texas will reveal how well biodiversity of the Rio Grande Border region is actually protected by the current reserve network. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USGS, Natl Gap Anal Program, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Gonzalez-Rebeles, C (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM carlos@hobbes.tcru.ttu.edu NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 64 IS 11 BP 1115 EP 1118 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 135EH UT WOS:000076787600011 ER PT J AU Okal, EA Kirby, SH AF Okal, EA Kirby, SH TI Deep earthquakes beneath the Fiji Basin, SW Pacific: Earth's most intense deep seismicity in stagnant slabs SO PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS LA English DT Article DE deep earthquakes; Fiji Basin; slabs ID MOMENT TENSOR SOLUTIONS; BACK-ARC BASIN; SOUTHWEST PACIFIC; SUBDUCTING LITHOSPHERE; OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE; FOCUS EARTHQUAKES; TYRRHENIAN SEA; MANTLE BENEATH; PHASE-CHANGES; ISLAND ARCS AB Previous work has suggested that many of the deep earthquakes beneath the Fiji Basin occur in slab material that has been detached and foundered to the bottom of the transition zone or has been laid down by trench migration in a similar recumbent position. Since nowhere else in the Earth do so many earthquakes occur in slabs stagnated in the transition zone, these earthquakes merit closer study. Accordingly, we have assembled from historical and modern data a comprehensive catalogue of the relocated hypocenters and focal mechanisms of well-located deep events in the geographic area between the bottoms of the main Vanuatu and Tonga Wadati-Benioff zones. Two regions of deep seismogenesis are recognized there: (i) 163 deep shocks have occurred north of 15 degrees S in the Vityaz Group from 1949 to 1996. These seismological observations and the absence of other features characteristic of active subduction suggest that the Vityaz group represents deep Failure in a detached slab that has foundered to a horizontal orientation near the bottom of the transition zone. (ii) Another group of nearly 50 'outboard' deep shocks occur between about 450 and 660 km depth, west of the complexly buckled and offset western edge of the Tonga Wadati-Benioff zone. Their geometry is in the form of two or possibly three small-circle arcs that roughly parallel the inferred motion of Tonga trench migration. Earthquakes in the southernmost of these arcs occur in a recumbent high-seismic-wavespeed slab anomaly that connects both to the main inclined Tonga anomaly to the east and a lower mantle anomaly to the west [Van der Hilst, R., 1995. Complex morphology of subducted lithosphere in the mantle beneath the Tonga trench. Nature, Vol. 374, pp. 154-157.]. Both groups show complexity in their focal mechanisms. The major question raised by these observations is the cause of this apparent temporary arrest in the descent of the Tonga slab into the lower mantle. We approach these questions by considering the effects of buoyant metastable peridotite in cold slab material that was detached and rapidly foundered, or was buckled, segmented and laid out in the transition zone. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Okal, EA (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NR 88 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-9201 J9 PHYS EARTH PLANET IN JI Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 109 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 63 DI 10.1016/S0031-9201(98)00116-2 PG 39 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 142WG UT WOS:000077222900003 ER PT J AU Sipkin, SA Zirbes, MD Bufe, CG AF Sipkin, SA Zirbes, MD Bufe, CG TI Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: global seismicity, 1996 SO PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS LA English DT Article DE moment-tensor solutions; optimal filter theory; global seismicity ID EARTHQUAKE SOURCE PARAMETERS; WAVEFORM DATA; INVERSION AB Moment-tenser solutions, estimated using optimal filter theory, are listed for 270 moderate-to-large size earthquakes that occurred during 1996. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Sipkin, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 967,Box 25046,DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-9201 J9 PHYS EARTH PLANET IN JI Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 109 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 77 DI 10.1016/S0031-9201(98)00119-8 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 142WG UT WOS:000077222900004 ER PT J AU Larson, DL McDonald, S Fivizzani, AJ Newton, WE Hamilton, SJ AF Larson, DL McDonald, S Fivizzani, AJ Newton, WE Hamilton, SJ TI Effects of the herbicide atrazine on Ambystoma tigrinum metamorphosis: Duration, larval growth, and hormonal response SO PHYSIOLOGICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; ANURAN METAMORPHOSIS; TIGER SALAMANDER; STRESS; WATER; TOXICITY; PLASMA; METABOLITES; CARBOFURAN; ALACHLOR AB We exposed larval tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) reared in the laboratory from eggs collected from a prairie wetland in North Dakota to three concentrations of atrazine (0, 75, and 250 mu g/L) in a static renewal test to determine the pesticide's effect on (1) plasma corticosterone and thyroxine concentrations, (2) larval size, and (3) days-to-stage at stages 2 and 4 of metamorphic climax. We found significant effects of atrazine on each of these response variables. Plasma thyroxine was elevated in both atrazine-exposed groups compared with the control group; plasma corticosterone was depressed in the 75 mu g/L treatment compared with both the control and 250 mu g/L treatment. Larvae exposed to 75 mu g/L atrazine reached stage 4 later but at a size and weight comparable to the control group. By contrast, larvae in the 250 mu g/L treatment progressed to stage 4 at the same time but at a smaller size and lower weight than larvae in the control group. These results indicate that the herbicide has the potential to influence tiger salamander life history. We present a model consistent with our results, whereby corticosterone and thyroxine interact to regulate metamorphosis of tiger salamanders based on nutrient assimilation and adult fitness. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Minnesota Field Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Environm Contaminants Res Ctr, Field Res Stn, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Larson, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Minnesota Field Stn, 100 Ecol Bldg,1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. OI Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 NR 47 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 20 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0031-935X J9 PHYSIOL ZOOL JI Physiol. Zool. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 71 IS 6 BP 671 EP 679 PG 9 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 220UA UT WOS:000081684800007 PM 9798254 ER PT J AU Johnson, BL Knights, BC Barko, JW Gaugush, RF Soballe, DM James, WF AF Johnson, BL Knights, BC Barko, JW Gaugush, RF Soballe, DM James, WF TI Estimating flow rates to optimize winter habitat for centrarchid fish in Mississippi River (USA) backwaters SO REGULATED RIVERS-RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Mississippi River; backwaters; winter; dissolved oxygen; temperature; current velocity; flow; bluegill; black crappie; restoration; habitat management ID OXYGEN; BASS AB The backwaters of large rivers provide winter refuge for many riverine fish, but they often exhibit low dissolved oxygen levels due to high biological oxygen demand and low flows. Introducing water from the main channel can increase oxygen levels in backwaters, but can also increase current velocity and reduce temperature during winter, which may reduce habitat suitability for fish. In 1993, culverts were installed to introduce flow to the Finger Lakes, a system of six backwater lakes on the Mississippi River, about 160 km downstream from Minneapolis, Minnesota. The goal was to improve habitat for bluegills and black crappies during winter by providing dissolved oxygen concentrations > 3 mg/L, current velocities < 1 cm/s, and temperatures > 1 degrees C. To achieve these conditions, we used data on lake volume and oxygen demand to estimate the minimum flow required to maintain 3 mg/L of dissolved oxygen in each lake. Estimated flows ranged from 0.02 to 0.14 m(3)/s among lakes. Data gathered in winter 1994 after the culverts were opened, indicated that the estimated flows met habitat goals, but that thermal stratification and lake morphometry can reduce the volume of optimal habitat created. This article is a U.S. government publication and is in the public domain in the United States. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Mississippi Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54602 USA. US Geol Survey, Environm Management Tech Ctr, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. US Army Corps Engn, Eau Galle Limnol Lab, Spring Valley, WI 54767 USA. RP Johnson, BL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Mississippi Sci Ctr, Box 818, La Crosse, WI 54602 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0886-9375 J9 REGUL RIVER JI Regul. Rivers-Res. Manage. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 14 IS 6 BP 499 EP 510 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(1998110)14:6<499::AID-RRR516>3.0.CO;2-I PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 143QL UT WOS:000077267100003 ER PT J AU Flug, M Seitz, H Scott, J AF Flug, M Seitz, H Scott, J TI Measurement of stream channel habitat using sonar SO REGULATED RIVERS-RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE sonar measurement; river cross-sections; aquatic habitat; in-stream flow; aquatic ecosystems; instrumentation AB An efficient and low cost technique using a sonar system was evaluated for describing channel geometry and quantifying inundated area in a large river. The boat-mounted portable sonar equipment was used to record water depths and river width measurements for direct storage on a laptop computer. The field data collected from repeated traverses at a cross-section were evaluated to determine the precision of the system and field technique. Results from validation at two different sites showed average sample standard deviations (S.D.s) of 0.12 m for these complete cross-sections, with coefficient of variations of 10%. Validation using only the mid-channel river cross-section data yields an average sample S.D. of 0.05 m, with a coefficient of variation below 5%, at a stable and gauged river site using only measurements of water depths greater than 0.6 m. Accuracy of the sonar system was evaluated by comparison to traditionally surveyed transect data from a regularly gauged site. We observed an average mean squared deviation of 46.0 cm(2), considering only that portion of the cross-section inundated by more than 0.6 m of water. Our procedure proved to be a reliable, accurate, safe, quick, and economic method to record river depths, discharges, bed conditions, and substratum composition necessary for stream habitat studies. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Flug, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, 4512 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0886-9375 J9 REGUL RIVER JI Regul. Rivers-Res. Manage. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 14 IS 6 BP 511 EP 517 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(1998110)14:6<511::AID-RRR517>3.0.CO;2-7 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 143QL UT WOS:000077267100004 ER PT J AU Julian, BR Miller, AD Foulger, GR AF Julian, BR Miller, AD Foulger, GR TI Non-double-couple earthquakes 1. Theory SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID MOMENT-TENSOR SOLUTIONS; PERIOD SEISMIC-WAVES; MOUNT ST-HELENS; SINGLE-FORCE; PHENOMENOLOGICAL DESCRIPTIONS; SOURCE PARAMETERS; DEEP EARTHQUAKES; SOURCE MECHANISM; TENSILE FAULTS; WAVEFORM DATA AB Historically, most quantitative seismological analyses have been based on the assumption that earthquakes are caused by shear faulting, for which the equivalent force system in an isotropic medium is a pair of force couples with no net torque (a "double couple," or DC). Observations of increasing quality and coverage, however, now resolve departures from the DC model for many earthquakes and find some earthquakes, especially in volcanic and geothermal areas, that have strongly non-DC mechanisms. Understanding non-DC earthquakes is important both for studying the process of faulting in detail and for identifying nonshear-faulting processes that apparently occur in some earthquakes. This paper summarizes the theory of "moment tensor" expansions of equivalent-force systems and analyzes many possible physical non-DC earthquake processes. Contrary to long-standing assumption, sources within the Earth can sometimes have net force and torque components, described by first-rank and asymmetric second-rank moment tensors, which must be included in analyses of landslides and some volcanic phenomena. Non-DC processes that lead to conventional (symmetric second-rank) moment tensors include geometrically complex shear faulting, tensile faulting, shear faulting in an anisotropic medium, shear faulting in a heterogeneous region (e.g., near an interface), and polymorphic phase transformations. Undoubtedly, many non-DC earthquake processes remain to be discovered. Progress will be facilitated by experimental studies that use wave amplitudes. amplitude ratios, and complete waveforms in addition to wave polarities and thus avoid arbitrary assumptions such as the absence of volume changes or the temporal similarity of different moment tensor components. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Durham, Dept Geol Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 90 TC 176 Z9 178 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 36 IS 4 BP 525 EP 549 DI 10.1029/98RG00716 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 191ZE UT WOS:000080051500003 ER PT J AU Miller, AD Foulger, GR Julian, BR AF Miller, AD Foulger, GR Julian, BR TI Non-double-couple earthquakes 2. Observations SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID DEEP-FOCUS EARTHQUAKES; MOMENT TENSOR INVERSION; GRENSDALUR VOLCANIC COMPLEX; KRAFLA SPREADING SEGMENT; 1988 ARMENIAN EARTHQUAKE; HENGILL TRIPLE JUNCTION; PERIOD SEISMIC-WAVES; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; MOUNT ST-HELENS; FOCAL MECHANISMS AB Most studies assume that earthquakes have double-couple (DC) source mechanisms, corresponding to shear motion on planar faults. However, many well-recorded earthquakes have radiation patterns that depart radically from this model, indicating fundamentally different source processes. Seismic waves excited by advective processes, such as landslides and volcanic eruptions, are consistent with net forces rather than DCs. Some volcanic earthquakes also have single-force mechanisms, probably because of advection of magmatic fluids. Other volcanic earthquakes have mechanisms close to compensated linear vector dipoles and may be caused by magmatic intrusions. Shallow earthquakes in volcanic or geothermal areas and mines often have mechanisms with isotropic components, indicating volume changes of either explosive or implosive polarity. Such mechanisms are consistent with failure involving both shear and tensile faulting, which may be facilitated by high-pressure, high-temperature fluids. In mines, tunnels art cavities that may close. Deep-focus earthquakes occur within zones of polymorphic phase transformations in the upper mantle at depths where stick-slip instability cannot occur. Their mechanisms tend to be deviatoric (volume conserving), but non-DC, and their source processes are poorly understood. Automatic global moment tensor services routinely report statistically significant non-DC components for large earthquakes, but detailed reexamination of individual events is required to confirm such results. C1 Univ Durham, Dept Geol Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Miller, AD (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Geol Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. NR 95 TC 106 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 36 IS 4 BP 551 EP 568 DI 10.1029/98RG00717 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 191ZE UT WOS:000080051500004 ER PT J AU Wynn, JC Shoemaker, EM AF Wynn, JC Shoemaker, EM TI The meteorite hunters: Part 1 The day the sands caught fire SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Wynn, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 279 IS 5 BP 64 EP 71 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 130BT UT WOS:000076499900024 ER PT J AU Hetrick, NJ Brusven, MA Meehan, WR Bjornn, TC AF Hetrick, NJ Brusven, MA Meehan, WR Bjornn, TC TI Changes in solar input, water temperature, periphyton accumulation, and allochthonous input and storage after canopy removal along two small salmon streams in southeast Alaska SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RIPARIAN CANOPY; COASTAL STREAMS; BUFFER STRIPS; ENERGY-FLOW; OREGON; MACROINVERTEBRATES; COMMUNITIES AB Changes in solar radiation, water temperature, periphyton accumulation, and allochthonous inputs and storage were measured after we removed patches of deciduous, second-growth riparian vegetation bordering two small streams in southeast Alaska that produce coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. Solar radiation and leaf litter input were measured at the water surface at random locations dispersed through six alternating closed- and open-canopy stream sections. Water temperature, periphyton, and stored organic samples were collected near the downstream end of each section. Solar radiation intensity was measured with digital daylight integrators and pyronometers, periphyton biomass and chlorophyll a were measured on red clay tile substrates, allochthonous input was measured with leaf litter baskets, and benthic organic matter was measured with a Hess sampler. Average intensity of solar radiation that reached the water surface of open-canopy sections was significantly higher than in closed-canopy sections of two streams measured during daylight hours in summer 1988 and of one stream measured day and night in summer 1989. Average daily water temperature was similar in the two canopy types in summer 1988, but was higher in open- than in closed-canopy sections in 1989. Accumulation of periphyton biomass was significantly higher in open- than in closed-canopy sections of the two streams studied in the summer of 1988 and of the one stream sampled in 1989. accrual of periphyton biomass on tiles placed in the stream for 30-d colonization periods during the: summer months of 1989 was also significantly higher in the open than closed sections. Accumulation of chlorophyll a was significantly higher in the open- than in closed-canopy sections of the two streams in 1988 but did not differ significantly between canopy types in 1989. Thirty-day accrual of chlorophyll a was greater in open- than in closed-canopy sections of the one stream studied in 1989. Allochthonous input to the streams decreased after canopy removal, but the amount of organic material stored in the substrate did not differ significantly between open- and closed-canopy sections. Weather was predominantly overcast and rainy in summer 1988 and mostly sunny with infrequent rain in 1989. We speculate that advective heat transfer and high stream discharge from frequent rains moderated the effect of canopy removal and increased solar radiation on water temperatures in open-canopy stream sections in 1988. In 1989. solar radiation was a significant factor in regulating water temperature, especially when streamflows were low. Using a model, we predicted that water temperatures would change little in a 160-m open-canopy reach of Eleven Creek during any weather condition when hows were high. With low flows. however, stream temperatures in open sections of Eleven Creek were predicted to exceed the optimum for growth of juvenile coho salmon in about 20 m during clear sunny weather and in about 50 m when cloudy and overcast. C1 Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Bjornn, TC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 64 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 127 IS 6 BP 859 EP 875 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0859:CISIWT>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 169BX UT WOS:000078728600001 ER PT J AU Hetrick, NJ Brusven, MA Bjornn, TC Keith, RM Meehan, WR AF Hetrick, NJ Brusven, MA Bjornn, TC Keith, RM Meehan, WR TI Effects of canopy removal on invertebrates and diet of juvenile coho salmon in a small stream in southeast Alaska SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; RIPARIAN CANOPY; COASTAL STREAMS; BUFFER STRIPS; OREGON; PERIPHYTON; DENSITY; HABITAT; GROWTH AB We assessed changes in availability and consumption of invertebrates by juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in a small stream in southeast Alaska where patches of dense second-growth riparian vegetation bordering the stream had been removed. Benthic invertebrate populations were assessed during summer 1988 and 1989 with a Hess sampler, aerial invertebrates were sampled during summer 1989 with wire-mesh sticky traps hung just above the water surface and with floating clear-plastic pan traps. Invertebrate drift was assessed during summer 1989 with nets placed at the downstream end of closed- and open-canopy stream sections. Diets of age-0 and age-1 coho salmon were sampled by Bushing stomach contents of fish collected from closed- and open-canopy stream sections. Abundance and biomass of benthic invertebrates were larger in open- than in closed-canopy stream sections and were primarily dipterans, ephemeropterans. and plecopterans. More insects were caught on sticky traps in open than in closed sections on two of four dates sampled, and composition of the catch was primarily dipterans (74% in both closed- and open-canopy sections). Catch rates of invertebrates in the pan traps were significantly higher in closed than in open sections on 12 July and were greater in open than in closed sections on 11 August. No significant canopy effect was detected with regard to dry weight of insects captured in pan traps. Composition of the pan-trap catches was primarily dipterans in both closed and open sections (65% and 72%). Abundance of invertebrates in the drift was significantly higher in closed sections than in open sections on two of four dares sampled: dry weight of invertebrate drift did not differ significantly between canopy types. Dry weight of stomach contents of age-0 and age-1 coho salmon was greater for fish sampled in closed- than open-canopy sections on one of four dares sampled: no significant canopy effect was detected for the other three dates sampled. Aerial insects were more abundant in drift and in diets of age-0 and age-1 coho salmon in closed- than in open-canopy sections. Diet of age-0 coho salmon in both closed and open sections and diet of age-1 fish in closed sections overlapped significantly with composition of the drift. Diet of age-1 coho salmon in open sections, however, did not overlap significantly with drift, an indication of selectivity in feeding behavior. Based on higher abundance of aerial invertebrates above the water surface and increased standing crop of benthic invertebrates that we observed in open- versus closed-canopy sections of Eleven Creek, it appears that canopy removal has the potential to increase the carrying capacity of juvenile coho salmon in streams where populations are food limited. C1 Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Bjornn, TC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 34 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 127 IS 6 BP 876 EP 888 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0876:EOCROI>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 169BX UT WOS:000078728600002 ER PT J AU Keith, RM Bjornn, TC Meehan, WR Hetrick, NJ Brusven, MA AF Keith, RM Bjornn, TC Meehan, WR Hetrick, NJ Brusven, MA TI Response of juvenile salmonids to riparian and instream cover modifications in small streams flowing through second-growth forests of southeast Alaska SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; YOUNG SALMONIDS; BUFFER STRIPS; DOLLY VARDEN; HABITAT USE; ECOSYSTEMS; POPULATION; PREDATORS AB We manipulated the canopy of second-growth red alder Alnus rubra and instream cover to assess the effects on abundance of juvenile salmonids in small streams of Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska, in 1988 and 1989. Sections of red alder canopy were removed to compare responses of salmonids to open- and closed-canopy sections. At the start of the study, all potential instream cover was removed from the study pools. Alder brush bundles were then placed in half the pools to test the response of juvenile salmonids to the addition of instream cover. Abundance of age-0 coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch decreased in both open- and closed-canopy sections during both summers, but abundance decreased at a higher rate in closed-canopy sections. More age-0 Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma were found in open-canopy sections than in closed-canopy during both summers. Numbers of age-1 and older coho salmon and Dolly Varden were relatively constant during both summers, and there was no significant difference in abundance detected between open- and closed-canopy sections. Abundance of age-0 coho salmon decreased in pools with and without additional instream cover during both summers. Abundance of age-1 and older coho salmon and age-0 Dolly Varden did not differ significantly in pools with or without added cover during either summer. Abundance of age-1 and older Dolly Varden was higher in pools with added instream cover than in pools without cover during both summers. Age-0 coho salmon decreased in abundance throughout the summer in both years. Emigration was measured in 1989 and accounted for most of the decrease in abundance. Age-0 coho salmon emigrants were significantly smaller than age-0 coho salmon that remained in the stream. C1 Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Bjornn, TC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM bjornn@uidaho.edu NR 58 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 127 IS 6 BP 889 EP 907 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0889:ROJSTR>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 169BX UT WOS:000078728600003 ER PT J AU Osmundson, DB Ryel, RJ Tucker, ME Burdick, BD Elmblad, WR Chart, TE AF Osmundson, DB Ryel, RJ Tucker, ME Burdick, BD Elmblad, WR Chart, TE TI Dispersal patterns of subadult and adult Colorado squawfish in the upper Colorado River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PTYCHOCHEILUS-LUCIUS; GROWTH; MOVEMENTS; UTAH; PREDATION; GREEN; BEHAVIOR; WHITE; BASIN; SIZE AB We investigated distribution and dispersal patterns of subadult and adult Colorado squawfish Ptychocheilus lucius (recently renamed the Colorado pikeminnow) throughout their range in the upper Colorado River. Annual, river-wide, capture-recapture data were used to document movements during a 5-year period (1991-1995). Average total length of Colorado squawfish progressively increased upstream: juveniles and subadults occurred almost exclusively in the lowermost 105 km of the 298-km study area, whereas most adults were concentrated in the uppermost 98 km. This was most pronounced early in the study and less so later due to the effect of two or three strong year-classes that dispersed through the system. Only 16% of subadult and adult fish initially captured and tagged in the upper reach were later located more than 10 km from the previous capture site; of those tagged in the lower reach, 58% were later located more than 10 km from the previous site. Most movements greater than 10 km were directed upstream, and many fish tagged in the lower reach moved to the upper reach; the smallest of these fish was between 421 and 449 mm in total length (TL) when it moved. No movement was detected from the upper reach to the lower. Distance moved was inversely related to fish size: displacement of fish shorter than 550 mm TL averaged 33.6 km; for those longer than 550 mm, average displacement was only 7.5 km. Movement of young adults may have been a response to changing food needs. Upstream movements placed fish into areas with greater availability of larger prey, and body condition of large adults during spring was significantly higher in the upper reach than in the lower reach. Water temperatures, however, were inversely related to adult distribution despite a preference for warmer water. We suggest that portions of the upper reach offer adults the best balance between food and water temperature. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fishery Project, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Colorado Div Wildlife, Grand Junction, CO 81505 USA. Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Osmundson, DB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fishery Project, 764 Horizon Dr,S Annex A, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA. EM doug_osmundson@fws.gov RI Ryel, Ronald/A-3422-2008 NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 127 IS 6 BP 943 EP 956 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0943:DPOSAA>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 169BX UT WOS:000078728600007 ER PT J AU Osmundson, DB Burnham, KP AF Osmundson, DB Burnham, KP TI Status and trends of the endangered Colorado squawfish in the upper Colorado River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; SAN-JUAN RIVER; RAZORBACK SUCKER; MODEL SELECTION; NEW-MEXICO; CONSERVATION; UTAH; POPULATION; EXTINCTION; MANAGEMENT AB Status of the Colorado River population of the endangered Colorado squawfish Ptychocheilus lucius (recently renamed the Colorado pikeminnow) was investigated by (1) estimating adult numbers, (2) evaluating frequency of reproduction and recruitment, (3) identifying trends via changes in size structure over time, and (4) examining historical accounts for clues to former abundance. Adults and subadults were systematically captured from 278 km of river during 1991-1994. Larvae and age-0 fish were systematically sampled in two reaches during 1986-1994. Estimated number of adults in the upper 98 km averaged 253 individuals; estimated annual adult survival rate was 0.86. In the lower 181 km, estimates of subadults and adults combined averaged 344 individuals. A sizable pulse of subadults 300-400 mm long found in the lower reach in 1991 were from three year-classes, 1985-1987. By 1992, these were distributed throughout the river. Although catch rates of larger adults did not increase significantly in the upper reach during 1991-1994, catch rates of fish less than 550 mm long increased fivefold. Size-frequency analysis of lower-reach fish indicated the 1985-1987 cohorts were the largest produced since before 1977, and no similarly strong year-classes were produced subsequently. Estimated years of origin of these recruiting fish coincided with years of higher-than-average catch rates of larvae and age-0 fish in the upper reach and catch rates in subsequent years there were comparatively low. Very few individuals less than 450 mm long were found in the upper reach during the past 15 years, suggesting that recruitment there is from colonization from the lower reach. In contrast, significant numbers of fish less than 400 mm in total length occurred in the upper reach during the mid-1970s. Abundance appears much lower than suggested in historical accounts. Low adult numbers and sporadic pulses of recruitment may make this population vulnerable to extirpation. Though adult survival rate is probably fairly constant, recruitment is highly variable and may represent the most important demographic factor to population persistence. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fishery Project, Grand Junction, CO 81503 USA. Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Osmundson, DB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fishery Project, 764 Horizon Dr,S Annex A, Grand Junction, CO 81503 USA. NR 64 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 127 IS 6 BP 957 EP 970 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0957:SATOTE>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 169BX UT WOS:000078728600008 ER PT J AU Brown, AV Lyttle, MM Brown, KB AF Brown, AV Lyttle, MM Brown, KB TI Impacts of gravel mining on gravel bed streams SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PATCH DYNAMICS CONCEPT; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; BENTHOS; ECOLOGY; RIFFLE; RIVER AB The impacts of gravel mining on physical habitat, fine-sediment dynamics, biofilm, invertebrates, and fish were studied in three Ozark Plateaus gravel bed streams. Intense studies were performed upstream, on site, and downstream from one large mine on each stream. Invertebrates and fish were also sampled in disturbed and reference riffles at 10 small mines. Gravel mining significantly altered the geomorphology, fine-particle dynamics, turbidity, and biotic communities. Stream channel form was altered by increased bank-full widths, lengthened pools, and decreased riffles in affected reaches. Fine particulate organic matter transported from riffles to pools was decreased. Biofilm organic content was decreased on flats and increased on remaining riffles. Density and biomass of large invertebrates and density of small invertebrates were reduced at the small, more frequently mined sites. Total densities of fish in pools and game fish in pools and riffles were reduced by the large mines. Silt-sensitive species of fish were less numerous downstream from mines. Attempts to mitigate or restore streams impacted by gravel mining may be ineffective because the disturbance results from changes in physical structure of the streambed over distances of kilometers upstream and downstream of mining sites. Stream morphology was changed by lack of gravel bedload, not by how bedload was removed. Mining gravel from stream channels results in irreconcilable multiple-use conflicts. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Essex Junction, VT 05452 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Brown, AV (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 53 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 127 IS 6 BP 979 EP 994 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0979:IOGMOG>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 169BX UT WOS:000078728600010 ER PT J AU Thomas, NJ Meteyer, CU Sileo, L AF Thomas, NJ Meteyer, CU Sileo, L TI Epizootic vacuolar myelinopathy of the central nervous system of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and American coots (Fulica americana) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American coot; bald eagle; birds; central nervous system; Fulica americana; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; intramyelinic edema; vacuolar myelinopathy ID SPONGY DEGENERATION; NEUROPATHOLOGY; SHEEP; DISEASE AB Unprecedented mortality occurred in bald eagles (Haliaectus leucocephalus) at DeGray Lake, Arkansas, during the winters of 1994-1995 and 1996-1997. The first eagles were found dead during November, soon after arrival from fall migration, and deaths continued into January during both episodes. In total, 29 eagles died at or near DeGray Lake in the winter of 1994-1995 and 26 died in the winter of 1996-1997; no eagle mortality was noted during the same months of the intervening winter or in the earlier history of the lake. During the mortality events, sick eagles were observed overflying perches or colliding with rock walls. Signs of incoordination and limb paresis were also observed in American coots (Fulica americana) during the episodes of eagle mortality, but mortality in coots was minimal. No consistent abnormalities were seen on gross necropsy of either species. No microscopic findings in organs other than the central nervous system (CNS) could explain the cause of death. By light microscopy, all 26 eagles examined and 62/77 (81%) coots had striking, diffuse, spongy degeneration of the white matter of the CNS. Vacuolation occurred in all myelinated CNS tissue, including the cerebellar folia and medulla oblongata, but was most prominent in the optic tectum. In the spinal cord, vacuoles were concentrated near the gray matter, and occasional swollen axons were seen. Vacuoles were uniformly present in optic nerves but were not evident in the retina or peripheral or autonomic nerves. Cellular inflammatory response to the lesion was distinctly lacking. Vacuoles were 8-50 mu m in diameter and occurred individually, in clusters, or in rows. In sections stained by luxol fast blue/periodic acid-Schiff stain, the vacuoles were delimited and transected by myelin strands. Transmission electron microscopy revealed intramyelinic vacuoles formed in the myelin sheaths by splitting of one or more myelin lamellae at the intraperiodic line. This lesion is characteristic of toxicity from hexachlorophene, triethyltin, bromethalin, isonicotinic acid hydrazide, and certain exotic plant toxins; however, despite exhaustive testing, no etiology was determined for the DeGray Lake mortality events. This is the first report of vacuolar myelinopathy associated with spontaneous mortality in wild birds. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Thomas, NJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 35 IS 6 BP 479 EP 487 PG 9 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 167FU UT WOS:000078622500002 PM 9823589 ER PT J AU Sparling, DW Lowe, TP AF Sparling, DW Lowe, TP TI Metal concentrations in aquatic macrophytes as influenced by soil and acidification SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE acid deposition; metal availability; Polygonum; Potamogeton; soil factors; Sparganium; Utricularia ID INVERTEBRATES; ACCUMULATION; WETLANDS; PLANTS; LAKES; WATER AB Bioavailability of metals to aquatic plants is dependent on many factors including ambient metal concentration, pH of soil or water, concentration of ligands, competition with other metals for binding sites, and mode of exposure. Plants may be exposed to metals through water, air, or soil, depending on growth form. This paper examines the influence of soil type under two regimens of water acidification on metal uptake by four species of aquatic macrophytes: smartweed (Polygonum sagittatum), burreed (Sparganium americanum), pondweed (Potamogeton diversifolius), and bladderwort (Utricularia vulgaris) in constructed, experimentally acidified wetlands. Soil types consisted of a comparatively high-metal clay or a lower-metal sandy loam. Each pond was either acidified to pH ca. 4.8-5.3 or allowed to remain circumneutral. Metal concentrations tended to be higher in the submerged bladderwort and pondweed than in the emergent burreed and smartweed. Soils were important to plant metal concentrations in all species, but especially in the emergents. Acidification influenced plant concentrations of some metals and was especially important in the submerged pondweed. Bioaccumulation of metals occurred for Mn, B, Sr, Pa, and Zn, compared to soil concentrations. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Sparling, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 203 EP 221 DI 10.1023/A:1005090224878 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 138DP UT WOS:000076956400010 ER PT J AU Modica, E Burton, HT Plummer, LN AF Modica, E Burton, HT Plummer, LN TI Evaluating the source and residence times of groundwater seepage to streams, New Jersey Coastal Plain SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TILE-DRAINED FIELDS AB A conceptual model of the patterns and residence times of groundwater seepage to gaining streams indicates that groundwater. seepage originates from sources that are both near and far from the stream. Consequently, the age of groundwater seepage across a stream-channel transect increases from its banks to its center and becomes progressively older with distance downstream. A groundwater flow model and particle-tracking analysis of the Cohansey River Basin in the New Jersey Coastal Plain supports this conceptual model and demonstrates that the orientation of the stream channels with respect to the regional groundwater flow direction, and the heterogeneities of the aquifer and stream-channel patterns, can shift source area locations and distributions of groundwater residence time from those expected. Groundwater samples collected from stream transects were analyzed for nitrogen, representative of widespread agricultural land use in the basin in recent decades, and for chlorofluorocarbons, used to estimate groundwater ages. The patterns of nitrogen concentration and the age of groundwater entering the stream channel corroborate model inferences. The conceptual model of groundwater seepage to streams presented herein is relevant to unconfined aquifer systems with gaining streams and demonstrates how nonpoint-source contaminants are transported to streams by groundwater. Results are useful for the design of programs needed to monitor stream-water quality. C1 US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08626 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 411, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Modica, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd,Suite 206, W Trenton, NJ 08626 USA. EM emodica@usgs.gov; hbuxton@usgs.gov; nplummer@usgs.gov OI Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 NR 23 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 11 BP 2797 EP 2810 DI 10.1029/98WR02472 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 132WA UT WOS:000076652600002 ER PT J AU Nimick, DA Moore, JN Dalby, CE Savka, MW AF Nimick, DA Moore, JN Dalby, CE Savka, MW TI The fate of geothermal arsenic in the Madison and Missouri Rivers, Montana and Wyoming SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; LACUSTRINE SEDIMENTS; NATURAL-WATERS; LAKE OHAKURI; ADSORPTION; OXIDE; AS(V); TRANSPORT; ANTIMONY; AS(III) AB Geothermal As from Yellowstone National Park causes high As concentrations (10-370 mu g/L) in the Madison and Missouri Rivers in Montana and Wyoming. Arsenic transport is largely conservative in the upper basin as demonstrated by the near equivalence of dissolved and total-recoverable As concentrations, the constancy of As loads, and consistent ratios of concentrations of As to conservative geothermal tracers. Diurnal cycling of As between aqueous and solid phases in response to pH-induced changes in sorption equilibria causes small variations of about 10-20% in dissolved As concentrations. HCl-extractable As concentrations in river and lake sediment in the upper basin are variable depending on position relative to the As-rich headwaters and geochemical and physical processes associated with lakes. In the lower Missouri River, large quantities of suspended sediment from tributaries provide sufficient sorption sites for substantial conversion of As from the aqueous phase to the solid phase. C1 US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59626 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Geol, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Helena, MT 59620 USA. Arizona Dept Environm Qual, Phoenix, AZ 85012 USA. RP Dalby, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Drawer 10076,Fed Bldg, Helena, MT 59626 USA. EM dnimick@usgs.gov; gl_jnm@selway.umt.edu; cdalby@mt.gov; savka.mike@ev.state.az.us OI Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192 NR 71 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 11 BP 3051 EP 3067 DI 10.1029/98WR01704 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 132WA UT WOS:000076652600026 ER PT J AU Portnoy, JW Nowicki, BL Roman, CT Urish, DW AF Portnoy, JW Nowicki, BL Roman, CT Urish, DW TI The discharge of nitrate-contaminated groundwater from developed shoreline to marsh-fringed estuary SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NEARSHORE MARINE-SEDIMENTS; WAQUOIT BAY; COASTAL WATERS; SEEPAGE FLUX; SALT-MARSH; DENITRIFICATION; NITROGEN; MASSACHUSETTS; TRANSPORT; AQUIFER AB As residential development, on-site wastewater disposal, and groundwater contamination increase in the coastal zone, assessment of nutrient removal by soil and sedimentary processes becomes increasingly important. Nitrogen removal efficiency depends largely on the specific flow paths taken by groundwater as it discharges into nitrogen-limited estuarine waters. Shoreline salinity surveys, hydraulic studies, and thermal infrared imagery indicated that groundwater discharge into the Nauset Marsh estuary (Eastham, Massachusetts) occurred in high-velocity seeps immediately seaward of the upland-fringing salt marsh. Discharge was highly variable spatially and occurred through permeable, sandy sediments during low tide. Seepage chamber monitoring showed that dissolved inorganic nitrogen (principally nitrate) traversed nearly conservatively from the aquifer through shallow estuarine Sediments to coastal waters at flux rates of 1-3 mmol m(-2) h(-1). A Significant relationship between pore water NO3-N concentrations and NO3-N flux rates may provide a rapid method of estimating nitrogen loading from groundwater to the water column. C1 US Dept Interior, Natl Pk Serv, Cape Cod Natl Seashore, Wellfleet, MA 02667 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Portnoy, JW (reprint author), US Dept Interior, Natl Pk Serv, Cape Cod Natl Seashore, Wellfleet, MA 02667 USA. EM john_portnoy@nps.gov NR 51 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 11 BP 3095 EP 3104 DI 10.1029/98WR02167 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 132WA UT WOS:000076652600029 ER PT J AU Eaton, GP AF Eaton, GP TI Annals of the former world SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20242 USA. RP Eaton, GP (reprint author), 709 Snowberry Lane, Coupeville, WA 98289 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 30 PY 1998 VL 282 IS 5390 BP 885 EP 885 DI 10.1126/science.282.5390.885 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 134DH UT WOS:000076727300029 ER PT J AU Meissner, R Mooney, W AF Meissner, R Mooney, W TI Weakness of the lower continental crust: a condition for delamination, uplift, and escape SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Session on Continents and Their Mantle Roots at the 9th Meeting of the European-Union-of-Geosciences CY MAR 23-27, 1997 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Union Geosci DE rheology; lithosphere; dynamics; delamination ID BENEATH SOUTHERN TIBET; LITHOSPHERIC DELAMINATION; SEISMIC SIGNATURE; PLATE-TECTONICS; MOUNTAIN BELTS; FAULT ZONES; HEAT-FLOW; EARTHQUAKES; EVOLUTION; RHEOLOGY AB We discuss three interconnected processes that occur during continental compression and extension: delamination of the lower crust and sub-crustal lithosphere, escape tectonics (i,e., lateral crustal flow), and crustal uplift. We combine calculations of lithospheric viscosity-depth curves with geologic observations and seismic images of the deep crust to infer the mechanisms controlling these processes. The basic driving force for delamination is the negative buoyancy (in some regions) of the continental lower crust and sub-crustal lithosphere with respect to the warm, mobile asthenosphere. A phase transformation in the lower crust from mafic granulite facies to eclogite may be important for providing negative buoyancy. Where negative buoyancy exists, the onset of delamination is mainly a question of the presence of a suitable decoupling zone between the denser lithosphere and the lighter upper and middle crust. We estimate the depth to potential decoupling zones by calculating lithospheric viscosity-depth curves based on reasonable geotherms and models of lithospheric composition. Low-viscosity zones occur at three depths: (1) at the base of the felsic (upper) crust; (2) within the lower crust; and (3) several tens of kilometers below the Moho. The commonly observed absence of a high-velocity (>6.8 km/s) lower crustal layer beneath extended crust may be explained by delamination wherein decoupling occurs at the top of the lower crust. In addition to being zones of potential decoupling, crustal low-viscosity zones are avenues for lateral crustal flow, a process that is often referred to as crustal escape (e.g., eastern Tibetan Plateau). The third process addressed here, crustal uplift, is mainly found in compressional environments and can be related to mature (i.e., complete or nearly complete) delamination and/or a thick low-viscosity lower crust. Mature delamination generates crustal uplift as the sinking, dense lithosphere is replaced by the mobilized hot asthenosphere. A very different mechanism of uplift is associated with some continental high plateaus, where a high convergence rate and the lateral intrusion of cold, rigid shield crust into warm, low-viscosity orogenic crust acts like a solid piston moving into hydraulic fluid. The displacement of the low-viscosity crustal 'fluid' generates broad plateau uplifts. Modem examples are the intrusion of the Indian shield into the Tibetan Plateau and the Brazilian shield into the Andes. All of these processes, delamination, tectonic escape, and uplift are interconnected and are related to weakness in the lower crust during continental compression and extension. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kiel, Inst Geophys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Meissner, R (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Inst Geophys, Olshausenstr 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. NR 63 TC 134 Z9 157 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD OCT 30 PY 1998 VL 296 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00136-X PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 142WB UT WOS:000077222400005 ER PT J AU Kvenvolden, KA Carlson, PR Warden, A Threlkeld, CN AF Kvenvolden, KA Carlson, PR Warden, A Threlkeld, CN TI Carbon isotopic comparisons of oil products used in the developmental history of Alaska SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Variability of Isotope Compositions in Modern and Fossil Organic Matter at the Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV 05, 1995 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Geochem Soc, Organ Geochem Div DE Alaska; Exxon Valdez; Alaskan North Slope crude oil; fuel oil; carbon isotopic comparisons ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND AB Studies of the fate of oil released into Prince William Sound, AK, as a result of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, have led to an unexpected discovery. In addition to oil-like residues attributed to the spill, the ubiquitous presence of flattened tar balls, the carbon isotopic compositions of which fall within a surprisingly narrow range [delta(13)C(PDB) = -23.7 +/- 0.3 parts per thousand (n = 65)], were observed on the shorelines of the northern and western parts of the sound. These compositions are similar to those of some all products [-23.7 +/- 0.7 parts per thousand (n = 35)] that were shipped from California and used in Alaska for fuel, lubrication, construction, and paving before similar to 1970. These products include fuel oil, asphalt, and lubricants [-23.8 +/- 0.5 parts per thousand (n = 11)], caulking, sealants, and roofing tar [-23.7 +/- 0.7 parts per thousand (n = 16)], and road pavements and airport runways [-23.5 +/- 0.9 parts per thousand (n = 8)]. Fuel oil and asphalt [-23.5 +/- 0.1 parts per thousand (n = 3)], stored at the old Valdez town site and spilled during the 1964 Alaskan earthquake, appear to be the source of most of the beached tar balls. Oil products with lighter carbon isotopic compositions, between -25 and -30 parts per thousand (n = 18), appear to have been used more recently in Alaska, that is, after - 1970. The source of some of the products used for modern pavement and runways [-29.3 +/- 0.2 parts per thousand (n = 6)] is likely Alaskan North Slope crude oil, an example of which was spilled in the 1989 oil spill [-29.2 parts per thousand (n = 1)]. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kvenvolden, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD OCT 26 PY 1998 VL 152 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00097-7 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 136GA UT WOS:000076849100008 ER PT J AU Calvin, WM AF Calvin, WM TI Introduction to the special section: Remote sensing of planetary ices SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Calvin, WM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD OCT 25 PY 1998 VL 103 IS E11 BP 25777 EP 25777 DI 10.1029/98JE01897 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 168VD UT WOS:000078713100004 ER PT J AU Albright, TP Painter, TH Roberts, DA Shi, JC Dozier, J Fielding, E AF Albright, TP Painter, TH Roberts, DA Shi, JC Dozier, J Fielding, E TI Classification of surface types using SIR-C/X-SAR, Mount Everest Area, Tibet SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SNOW; IMAGERY; REGIONS AB Imaging radar is a promising tool for mapping snow and ice cover in alpine regions. It combines a high-resolution, day or night, all-weather imaging capability with sensitivity to hydrologic and climatic snow and ice parameters. We use the spaceborne imaging radar-C/X-band synthetic aperture radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) to map snow and glacial ice on the rugged north slope of Mount Everest. From interferometrically derived digital elevation data, we compute the terrain calibration factor and cosine of the local illumination angle. We then process and terrain-correct radar data sets acquired on April 16, 1994. In addition to the spectral data, we include surface slope to improve discrimination among several surface types. These data sets are then used in a decision tree to generate an image classification. This method is successful in identifying and mapping scree/talus, dry snow, dry snow-covered glacier, wet snow-covered glacier, and rock-covered glacier, as corroborated by comparison with existing surface cover maps and other ancillary information. Application of the classification scheme to data acquired on October 7 of the same year yields accurate results for most surface types but underreports the extent of dry snow cover. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91103 USA. RP Albright, TP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Raytheon STX Corp, Sci & Applicat Branch, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RI Dozier, Jeff/B-7364-2009; Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016; Fielding, Eric/A-1288-2007 OI Dozier, Jeff/0000-0001-8542-431X; Fielding, Eric/0000-0002-6648-8067 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD OCT 25 PY 1998 VL 103 IS E11 BP 25823 EP 25837 DI 10.1029/98JE01893 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 168VD UT WOS:000078713100008 ER PT J AU Wicks, C Thatcher, W Dzurisin, D AF Wicks, C Thatcher, W Dzurisin, D TI Migration of fluids beneath Yellowstone caldera inferred from satellite radar interferometry SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; SUBSIDENCE; UPLIFT AB Satellite Interferometric synthetic aperture radar is uniquely suited to monitoring year-to-year deformation of the entire Yellowstone caldera (about 3000 square kilometers). Sequential interferograms indicate that subsidence within the caldera migrated from one resurgent dome to the other between August. 1992 and August 1995. Between August 1995 and September 1996, the caldera region near the northeast dome began to inflate, and accompanying surface uplift migrated to the southwest dome between September 1996 and June 1997. These deformation data are consistent with hydrothermal or magmatic fluid migration into and out of two sill-like bodies that are about 8 kilometers directly beneath the caldera. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. USGS, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. RP Wicks, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 21 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 16 PY 1998 VL 282 IS 5388 BP 458 EP 462 DI 10.1126/science.282.5388.458 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 129TT UT WOS:000076479600049 ER PT J AU Estes, JA Tinker, MT Williams, TM Doak, DF AF Estes, JA Tinker, MT Williams, TM Doak, DF TI Killer whale predation on sea otters linking oceanic and nearshore ecosystems SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID KELP FOREST; COMMUNITY; ALASKA; PACIFIC; DECLINE AB After nearly a century of recovery from overhunting, sea otter populations are in abrupt decline over Large areas of western Alaska. Increased killer whale predation is the Likely cause of these declines. Elevated sea urchin density and the consequent deforestation of kelp beds in the nearshore community demonstrate that the otter's keystone role has been reduced or eliminated. This chain of interactions was probably initiated by anthropogenic changes in the offshore oceanic ecosystem. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Glenside Ecol Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z 5C8, Canada. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Environm Studies Board, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Estes, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, A-316 Earth & Marine Sci Bldg, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011 NR 35 TC 630 Z9 649 U1 63 U2 507 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 16 PY 1998 VL 282 IS 5388 BP 473 EP 476 DI 10.1126/science.282.5388.473 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 129TT UT WOS:000076479600054 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Elliott, RF Schmidt, LJ Desorcie, TJ Hesselberg, RJ Quintal, RT Begnoche, LJ Bouchard, PM Holey, ME AF Madenjian, CP Elliott, RF Schmidt, LJ Desorcie, TJ Hesselberg, RJ Quintal, RT Begnoche, LJ Bouchard, PM Holey, ME TI Net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to Lake Michigan coho salmon from their prey SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; FISHES AB Most of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) body burden accumulated by coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from the Laurentian Great Lakes is from their food. We used diet information, PCB determinations in both coho salmon and their prey,and bioenergetics modeling to estimate the efficiency with which Lake Michigan coho salmon retain PCBs from their food. Our estimate was the most reliable estimate to date because (a) the coho salmon and prey fish sampled during our study were sampled in spring, summer, and fall from various locations throughout the lake, (b) detailed measurements were made on the PCB concentrations of both coho salmon and prey fish over wide ranges in fish size, and (c) coho salmon diet was analyzed in detail from April through November over a wide range of salmon size from numerous locations throughout the lake. We estimated that coho salmon from; Lake Michigan retain 50% of the PCBs that are contained within their food. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources Off, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 24 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 20 BP 3063 EP 3067 DI 10.1021/es980277n PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 130NC UT WOS:000076525300005 ER PT J AU Warwick, PD Johnson, EA Khan, IH AF Warwick, PD Johnson, EA Khan, IH TI Collision-induced tectonism along the northwestern margin of the Indian subcontinent as recorded in the upper Paleocene to middle Eocene strata of central Pakistan (Kirthar and Sulaiman ranges) SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sedimentology; depositional environments; tectonism; Paleocene-Eocene; Balochistan; Pakistan ID EVOLUTION; HIMALAYAS; ASIA; BELT AB Outcrop data from the Upper Paleocene to Middle Eocene Ghazij Formation of central Pakistan provide information about the depositional environments, source areas, and paleogeographic and tectonic settings along the northwestern margin of the Indian subcontinent during the closing of the Tethys Ocean. In this region, in the lower part of the exposed stratigraphic sequence, are various marine carbonate-shelf deposits (Jurassic to Upper Paleocene). Overlying these strata is the Ghazij, which consists of marine mudstone (lower part), paralic sandstone and mudstone (middle part), and terrestrial mudstone and conglomerate (upper part). Petrographic examination of sandstone samples from the middle and upper parts reveals that rock fragments of the underlying carbonate-shelf deposits are dominant; also present are volcanic rock fragments and chromite grains. Paleocurrent measurements from the middle and upper parts suggest that source areas were located northwest of the study area. We postulate that the source areas were uplifted by the collision of the subcontinent with a landmass during the final stages of the closing of the Tethys Ocean. Middle Eocene carbonate-shelf deposits that overlie the Ghazij record a return to marine conditions pries to the Miocene to Pleistocene sediment influx denoting the main collision with Eurasia. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22091 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Geol Survey Pakistan, Quetta 7300, Pakistan. RP Warwick, PD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 956,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 22091 USA. OI Warwick, Peter/0000-0002-3152-7783 NR 39 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD OCT 15 PY 1998 VL 142 IS 3-4 BP 201 EP 216 DI 10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00066-2 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 108DK UT WOS:000075250600007 ER PT J AU Godfrey, NJ Meltzer, AS Klemperer, SL Trehu, AM Leitner, B Clarke, SH Ondrus, A AF Godfrey, NJ Meltzer, AS Klemperer, SL Trehu, AM Leitner, B Clarke, SH Ondrus, A TI Evolution of the Gorda Escarpment, San Andreas fault and Mendocino triple junction from multichannel seismic data collected across the northern Vizcaino block, offshore northern California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID POINT ARENA; PLATE; DEFORMATION; REGION; SYSTEM; RIDGE; SUBDUCTION; TRANSFORM; TECTONICS; HISTORY AB The Gorda Escarpment is a north facing scarp immediately south of the Mendocino transform fault (the Gorda/Juan de Fuca-Pacific plate boundary) between 126 degrees W and the Mendocino triple junction. It elevates the seafloor at the northern edge of the Vizcaino block, part of the Pacific plate, similar to 1.5 km above the seafloor of the Gorda/Juan de Fuca plate to the north. Stratigraphy interpreted from multichannel seismic data across and close to the Gorda Escarpment suggests that the escarpment is a relatively recent pop-up feature caused by north-south compression across the plate boundary. Close to 126 degrees W, the Vizcaino block acoustic basement shallows and is overlain by sediments that thin north toward the Gorda Escarpment. These sediments are tilted south and truncated at the seafloor. By contrast, in a localized region at the eastern end of the Gorda Escarpment, close to the Mendocino triple junction, the top of acoustic basement dips north and is overlain by a 2-km-thick wedge of pre-11 Ma sedimentary rocks that thickens north, toward the Gorda Escarpment. This wedge of sediments is restricted to the northeast corner of the Vizcaino block. Unless the wedge of sediments was a preexisting feature on the Vizcaino block before it was transferred from the North American to the Pacific plate, the strong spatial correlation between the sedimentary wedge and the triple junction suggests the entire Vizcaino block, with the San Andreas at its eastern boundary, has been part of the Pacific plate since significantly before 11 Ma. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Godfrey, NJ (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, S Sci Bldg, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM nicola@usc.edu; asm3@lehigh.edu; klemp@pangea.stanford.edu; trehu@oce.orst.edu; beate@eos.otago.ac.nz; sclarke@usgs.gov RI Klemperer, Simon/A-5919-2012; OI Klemperer, Simon/0000-0001-7050-1829 NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 10 PY 1998 VL 103 IS B10 BP 23813 EP 23825 DI 10.1029/98JB02138 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 127WK UT WOS:000076373400004 ER PT J AU Ohminato, T Chouet, BA Dawson, P Kedar, S AF Ohminato, T Chouet, BA Dawson, P Kedar, S TI Waveform inversion of very long period impulsive signals associated with magmatic injection beneath Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX BODY WAVES; MOUNT ST-HELENS; EARTHQUAKE MECHANISMS; ERUPTION; JAPAN; RUPTURE AB We use data from broadband seismometers deployed around the summit of Kilauea Volcano to quantify the mechanism associated with a transient in the flow of magma feeding the east rift eruption of the volcano. The transient is marked by rapid inflation of the Kilauea summit peaking at 22 mu rad 4.5 hours after the event onset, followed by slow deflation over a period of 3 days. Superimposed on the summit inflation is a series of sawtooth displacement pulses, each characterized by a sudden drop in amplitude lasting 5-10 s followed by an exponential recovery lasting 1-3 min. The sawtooth waveforms display almost identical shapes, suggesting a process involving the repeated activation of a fixed source. The particle motion associated with each sawtooth is almost linear, and its major swing shows compressional motion at all stations. Analyses of semblance and particle motion are consistent with a point source located 1 km beneath the northeast edge of the Halemaumau pit crater. To estimate the source mechanism, we apply a moment tensor inversion to the waveform data, assuming a point source embedded in a homogeneous half-space with compressional and shear wave velocities representative of the average medium properties at shallow depth under Kilauea. Synthetic waveforms are constructed by a superposition of impulse responses for six moment tensor components and three single force components. The origin times of individual impulses are distributed along the time axis at appropriately small, equal intervals, and their amplitudes are determined by least squares. In this inversion, the source time functions of the six tensor and three force components are determined simultaneously. We confirm the accuracy of the inversion method through a series of numerical tests. The results from the inversion show that the waveform data are well explained by a pulsating transport mechanism operating on a subhorizontal crack linking the summit reservoir to the east rift of Kilauea. The crack acts like a buffer in which a batch of fluid (magma and/or gas) accumulates over a period of 1-3 min before being rapidly injected into a larger reservoir (possibly the east rift) over a timescale of 5-10 s. The seismic moment and volume change associated with a typical batch of fluid are approximately 10(14) N m and 3000 m(3), respectively. Our results also point to the existence of a single force component with amplitude of 10(9) N, which may be explained as the drag force generated by the flow of viscous magma through a narrow constriction in the flow path. The total volume of magma associated with the 4.5-hour-long activation of the pulsating source is roughly 500,000 m(3) in good agreement with the integrated volume flow rate of magma estimated near the eruptive site. C1 Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Ohminato, T (reprint author), Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. EM takao@gsj.go.jp; chouet@chouet.wr.usgs.gov; dawson@pinatubo.wr.usgs.gov; sharon@andreas.wr.usgs.gov NR 41 TC 135 Z9 135 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 10 PY 1998 VL 103 IS B10 BP 23839 EP 23862 DI 10.1029/98JB01122 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 127WK UT WOS:000076373400006 ER PT J AU Harris, RA AF Harris, RA TI Introduction to special section: Stress triggers, stress shadows, and implications for seismic hazard SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Review ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; 1946 NANKAIDO EARTHQUAKES; DIXIE VALLEY EARTHQUAKES; COUPLED SUBDUCTION ZONES; 28 JUNE 1992; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; STATIC STRESS; SYNTHETIC SEISMICITY AB Many aspects of earthquake mechanics remain an enigma as we enter the closing years of the twentieth century. One potential bright spot is the realization that simple calculations of stress changes may explain some earthquake interactions, just as previous and on going studies of stress changes have begun to explain human-induced seismicity. This paper, which introduces the special section "Stress Triggers, Stress Shadows, and Implications for Seismic Hazard," reviews many published works and presents a compilation of quantitative earthquake interaction studies from a stress change perspective. This synthesis supplies some clues about certain aspects of earthquake mechanics. It also demonstrates that much work remains before we can understand the complete story of how earthquakes work. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM harris@usgs.gov RI Harris, Ruth/C-4184-2013 OI Harris, Ruth/0000-0002-9247-0768 NR 140 TC 528 Z9 634 U1 7 U2 48 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 10 PY 1998 VL 103 IS B10 BP 24347 EP 24358 DI 10.1029/98JB01576 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 127WK UT WOS:000076373400037 ER PT J AU Gomberg, J Beeler, NM Blanpied, ML Bodin, P AF Gomberg, J Beeler, NM Blanpied, ML Bodin, P TI Earthquake triggering by transient and static deformations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID DIXIE VALLEY EARTHQUAKES; TIME-DEPENDENT FRICTION; STRESS-STRAIN CHANGES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SLIP INSTABILITY; SKULL-MOUNTAIN; ROCK FRICTION; FAIRVIEW PEAK; SINGLE DEGREE; FAULT ZONES AB Observational evidence for both static and transient near-field and far-field triggered seismicity are explained in terms of a frictional instability model, based on a single degree of freedom spring-slider system and rate- and state-dependent frictional constitutive equations. In this study a triggered earthquake is one whose failure time has been advanced by Delta t (clock advance) due to a stress perturbation. Triggering stress perturbations considered include square-wave transients and step functions, analogous to seismic waves and coseismic static stress changes, respectively. Perturbations are superimposed on a constant background stressing rate which represents the tectonic stressing rate. The normal stress is assumed to be constant. Approximate, closed-form solutions of the rate-and-state equations are derived for these triggering and background loads, building on the work of Dieterich [1992, 1994]. These solutions can be used to simulate the effects of static and transient stresses as a function of amplitude, onset time t(0), and in the case of square waves, duration. The accuracies of the approximate closed-form solutions are also evaluated with respect to the full numerical solution and t(0). The approximate solutions underpredict the full solutions, although the difference decreases as t(0) approaches the end of the earthquake cycle. The relationship between Delta t and t(0) differs for transient and static loads: a static stress stop imposed late in the cycle causes less clock advance than an equal step imposed earlier, whereas a later applied transient causes greater clock advance than an equal one imposed earlier. For equal Delta t, transient amplitudes must be greater than static loads by factors of several tens to hundreds depending on t(0). We show that the rate-and-state model requires that the total slip at failure is a constant, regardless of the loading history. Thus a static load applied early in the cycle, or a transient applied at any time, reduces the stress at the initiation of failure, whereas static loads that are applied sufficiently late raise it. Rate-and-state friction predictions differ markedly from those based on Coulomb failure stress changes (Delta CFS) in which Delta t equals the amplitude of the static stress change divided by the background stressing rate. The Delta CFS model assumes a stress failure threshold, while the rate-and-state equations require a slip failure threshold. The complete rate-and-state equations predict larger Delta t than the Delta CFS model does for static stress steps at small t(0), and smaller Delta t than the Delta CFS model for stress steps at large t(0). The Delta CFS model predicts nonzero Delta t only for transient loads that raise the stress to failure stress levels during the transient. In contrast, the rate-and-state model predicts nonzero Delta t for smaller loads, and triggered failure may occur well after the transient is finished. We consider heuristically the effects of triggering on a population of faults, as these effects might be evident in seismicity data. Triggering is manifest as an initial increase in seismicity rate that may be followed by a quiescence or by a return to the background rate. Available seismicity data are insufficient to discriminate whether triggered earthquakes are "new" or clock advanced. However, if triggering indeed results from advancing the failure time of inevitable earthquakes, then our modeling suggests that a quiescence always follows transient triggering and that the duration of increased seismicity also cannot exceed the duration of a triggering transient load. Quiescence follows static triggering only if the population of available faults is finite. C1 Univ Memphis, US Geol Survey, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Gomberg, J (reprint author), Univ Memphis, US Geol Survey, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM gomberg@usgs.gov; nbeeler@isdmnl.wr.usgs.gov; mblanpied@isdmnl.wr.usgs.gov; bodin@ceri.memphis.edu NR 73 TC 149 Z9 163 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 10 PY 1998 VL 103 IS B10 BP 24411 EP 24426 DI 10.1029/98JB01125 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 127WK UT WOS:000076373400041 ER PT J AU Harris, RA Simpson, RW AF Harris, RA Simpson, RW TI Suppression of large earthquakes by stress shadows: A comparison of Coulomb and rate-and-state failure SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; TRIGGERED SEISMICITY; LANDER EARTHQUAKE; SIZE EARTHQUAKES; CALAVERAS FAULT; STRAIN CHANGES; MODERATE-SIZE; JUNE 1992; SLIP AB Stress shadows generated by California's two most recent great earthquakes (1857 Fort Tejon and 1906 San Francisco) substantially modified 19th and 20th century earthquake history in the Los Angeles basin and in the San Francisco Bay area. Simple Coulomb failure calculations, which assume that earthquakes can be modeled as static dislocations in an elastic half-space, have done quite well at approximating how long the stress shadows, or relaxing effects, should last and at predicting where subsequent large earthquakes will not occur. There has, however, been at least one apparent exception to the predictions of such simple models. The 1911 M > 6.0 earthquake near Morgan Hill, California, occurred at a relaxed site on the Calaveras fault. We examine how the more complex rate-and-state friction formalism based on laboratory experiments might have allowed the 1911 earthquake. Rate-and-state time-to-failure calculations are consistent with the occurrence of the 1911 event just 5 years after 1906 if the Calaveras fault was already close to failure before the effects of 1906. We also examine the likelihood that the entire 78 years of relative quiet (only four M greater than or equal to 6 earthquakes) in the bay area after 1906 is consistent with rate-and-state assumptions, given that the previous 7 decades produced 18 M greater than or equal to 6 earthquakes. Combinations of rate-and-state variables can be found that are consistent with this pattern of large bay area earthquakes, assuming that the rate of earthquakes in the 7 decades before 1906 would have continued had 1906 not occurred. These results demonstrate that rate-and-state offers a consistent explanation for the 78-year quiescence and the 1911 anomaly, although they do not rule out several alternate explanations. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Harris, Ruth/C-4184-2013 OI Harris, Ruth/0000-0002-9247-0768 NR 54 TC 133 Z9 146 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 10 PY 1998 VL 103 IS B10 BP 24439 EP 24451 DI 10.1029/98JB00793 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 127WK UT WOS:000076373400043 ER PT J AU Nostro, C Stein, RS Cocco, M Belardinelli, ME Marzocchi, W AF Nostro, C Stein, RS Cocco, M Belardinelli, ME Marzocchi, W TI Two-way coupling between Vesuvius eruptions and southern Apennine earthquakes, Italy, by elastic stress transfer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID DIXIE VALLEY EARTHQUAKES; KILAUEA VOLCANO; ACTIVE TECTONICS; SEISMIC ACTIVITY; MOUNT VESUVIUS; FAIRVIEW PEAK; MAGMA-CHAMBER; MT VESUVIUS; Y BP; DEFORMATION AB During the past 1000 years, eruptions of Vesuvius have often been accompanied by large earthquakes in the Apennines 50-60 km to the northeast. Statistical investigations had shown that earthquakes often preceded eruptions, typically by less than a decade, but did not provide a physical explanation for the correlation, Here, we explore elastic stress interaction between earthquakes and eruptions under the hypothesis that small stress changes can promote events when the Apennine normal faults and the Vesuvius magma body are close to failure. We show that earthquakes can promote eruptions by compressing the magma body at depth and opening suitably oriented near-surface conduits. Voiding the magma body in turns brings these same normal faults closer to Coulomb failure, promoting earthquakes. Such a coupling is strongest if the magma reservoir is a dike oriented normal to the regional extension axis, parallel to the Apennines, and the near-surface conduits and fissures are oriented normal to the Apennines, This preferred orientation suggests that the eruptions issuing from such fissures should be most closely linked in time to Apennine earthquakes. Large Apennine earthquakes since 1400 are calculated to have transferred more stress to Vesuvius than all but the largest eruptions have transferred to Apennine faults, which may explain why earthquakes more commonly lead than follow eruptions. A two-way coupling may thus link earthquakes and Vesuvius eruptions along a 100-km-long set of faults, We test the statistical significance of the earthquake-eruption correlation in the two-way coupling zone, and find a correlation significant at the 95% confidence level. C1 Ist Nazl Geofis, I-00143 Rome, Italy. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, Settore Geofis, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RP Nostro, C (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis, Via Vigna Murata 605, I-00143 Rome, Italy. EM nostro@ing750.ingrm.it; rstein@sdmnl.wr.usgs.gov; cocco@ing750.ingrm.it; elina@ibogfs.df.unibo.it; warner@ibogfs.df.unibo.it RI Cocco, Massimo/G-6872-2012; Marzocchi, Warner/J-9299-2012; OI Marzocchi, Warner/0000-0002-9114-1516; Nostro, Concetta/0000-0002-2962-9414 NR 63 TC 97 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 10 PY 1998 VL 103 IS B10 BP 24487 EP 24504 DI 10.1029/98JB00902 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 127WK UT WOS:000076373400046 ER PT J AU Toda, S Stein, RS Reasenberg, PA Dieterich, JH Yoshida, A AF Toda, S Stein, RS Reasenberg, PA Dieterich, JH Yoshida, A TI Stress transferred by the 1995 M-w = 6.9 Kobe, Japan, shock: Effect on aftershocks and future earthquake probabilities SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID DIXIE VALLEY EARTHQUAKES; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; STATIC STRESS; LANDER EARTHQUAKE; FAIRVIEW PEAK; DEFORMATION; SEISMICITY; PREDICTION; MAGNITUDE AB The Kobe earthquake struck at the edge of the densely populated Osaka-Kyoto corridor in southwest Japan. We investigate how the earthquake transferred stress to nearby faults, altering their proximity to failure and thus changing earthquake probabilities. We find that relative to the pre-Kobe seismicity, Kobe aftershocks were concentrated in regions of calculated Coulomb stress increase and less common in regions of stress decrease. We quantify this relationship by forming the spatial correlation between the seismicity rate change and the Coulomb stress change. The correlation is significant for stress changes greater than 0.2-1.0 bars (0.02-0.1 MPa), and the nonlinear dependence of seismicity rate change on stress change is compatible with a state- and rate-dependent formulation for earthquake occurrence. We extend this analysis to future mainshocks by resolving the stress changes on major faults within 100 km of Kobe and calculating the change in probability caused by these stress changes. Transient effects of the stress changes are incorporated by the state-dependent constitutive relation, which amplifies the permanent stress changes during the aftershock period. Earthquake probability framed in this manner is highly time-dependent, much more so than is assumed in current practice. Because the probabilities depend on several poorly known parameters of the major faults, we estimate uncertainties of the probabilities by Monte Carlo simulation. This enables us to include uncertainties on the elapsed time since the last earthquake, the repeat time and its variability, and the period of aftershock decay. We estimate that a calculated 3-bar (0.3-MPa) stress increase on the eastern section of the Arima-Takatsuki Tectonic Line (ATTL) near Kyoto causes fivefold increase in the 30-year probability of a subsequent large earthquake near Kyoto; a 2-bar (0.2-MPa) stress decrease on the western section of the ATTL results in a reduction in probability by a factor of 140 to 2000. The probability of a M-w = 6.9 earthquake within 50 km of Osaka during 1997-2007 is estimated to have risen from 5-6% before the Kobe earthquake to 7-11% afterward; during 1997-2027, it is estimated to have risen from 14-16% before Kobe to 16-22%. C1 Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Chiba 27011, Japan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Japan Meteorol Agcy, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 100, Japan. RP Toda, S (reprint author), Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, 1646 Abiko, Chiba 27011, Japan. EM toda@criepi.denken.or.jp; rstein@usgs.gov; reasen@usgs.gov; jdieterich@usgs.gov; ayoshida@eqvol.kisho.go.jp NR 54 TC 328 Z9 363 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 10 PY 1998 VL 103 IS B10 BP 24543 EP 24565 DI 10.1029/98JB00765 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 127WK UT WOS:000076373400049 ER PT J AU Vidale, JE Agnew, DC Johnston, MJS Oppenheimer, DH AF Vidale, JE Agnew, DC Johnston, MJS Oppenheimer, DH TI Absence of earthquake correlation with Earth tides: An indication of high preseismic fault stress rate SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA; NUCLEATION; SEISMICITY; SEQUENCE; RUPTURE AB Because the rate of stress change from the Earth tides exceeds that from tectonic stress accumulation, tidal triggering of earthquakes would be expected if the final hours of loading of the fault were at the tectonic rate and if rupture began soon after the achievement of a critical stress level. We analyze the tidal stresses and stress rates on the fault planes and at the times of 13,042 earthquakes which are so close to the San Andreas and Calaveras faults in California that we may take the fault plane to be known. We find that the stresses and stress rates from Earth tides at the times of earthquakes are distributed in the same way as tidal stresses and stress rates at random times. While the rate of earthquakes when the tidal stress promotes failure is 2% higher than when the stress does not, this difference in rate is not statistically significant. This lack of tidal triggering implies that preseismic stress rates in the nucleation zones of earthquakes are at least 0.15 bar/h just preceding seismic failure, much above the long-term tectonic stress rate of 10(-4) bar/h. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys 0225, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Vidale, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM vidale@ess.ucla.edu; dagnew@ucsd.edu; mal@andreas.wr.usgs.gov; oppen@alum.wr.usgs.gov RI Vidale, John/H-4965-2011; OI Vidale, John/0000-0002-3658-818X; Agnew, Duncan/0000-0002-2360-7783; Oppenheimer, David/0000-0002-6569-3640 NR 31 TC 105 Z9 120 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 10 PY 1998 VL 103 IS B10 BP 24567 EP 24572 DI 10.1029/98JB00594 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 127WK UT WOS:000076373400050 ER PT J AU DahlJensen, D Mosegaard, K Gundestrup, N Clow, GD Johnsen, SJ Hansen, AW Balling, N AF DahlJensen, D Mosegaard, K Gundestrup, N Clow, GD Johnsen, SJ Hansen, AW Balling, N TI Past temperatures directly from the Greenland Ice Sheet SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BORE-HOLE SURVEY; SOUTH GREENLAND; HEAT-FLOW; CLIMATE; TRANSITION; SIGNAL; DOME AB A Monte Carlo inverse method has been used on the temperature profiles measured down through the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) borehole, at the summit of the Greenland Ice Sheet, and the Dye 3 borehole 865 kilometers farther south. The result is a 50,000-year-long temperature history at GRIP and a 7000-year history at Dye 3. The Last Glacial Maximum, the Climatic Optimum, the Medieval Warmth, the Little Ice Age, and a warm period at 1930 A.D. are resolved from the GRIP reconstruction with the amplitudes -23 Kelvin, +2.5 Kelvin, +1 Kelvin, -1 Kelvin, and +0.5 Kelvin, respectively. The Dye 3 temperature is similar to the GRIP history but has an amplitude 1.5 times larger, indicating higher climatic variability there. The calculated terrestrial heat flow density from the GRIP inversion is 51.3 milliwatts per square meter. C1 Niels Bohr Inst Astron Phys & Geophys, Dept Geophys, DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Climate Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Aarhus, Dept Earth Sci, Geophys Lab, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. RP DahlJensen, D (reprint author), Niels Bohr Inst Astron Phys & Geophys, Dept Geophys, Juliane Marles Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark. EM ddj@gfy.ku.dk RI Balling, Niels/A-5292-2012; Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe/N-4401-2016; OI Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe/0000-0002-1474-1948; Mosegaard, Klaus/0000-0001-5292-5249 NR 35 TC 541 Z9 575 U1 12 U2 92 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 9 PY 1998 VL 282 IS 5387 BP 268 EP 271 DI 10.1126/science.282.5387.268 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 127VA UT WOS:000076370200039 ER PT J AU Andree, KB MacConnell, E Hedrick, RP AF Andree, KB MacConnell, E Hedrick, RP TI A nested polymerase chain reaction for the detection of genomic DNA of Myxobolus cerebralis in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal DNA; Myxobolus cerebralis ID SALMONID WHIRLING DISEASE; LIFE-CYCLE; MYXOSOMA-CEREBRALIS; MYXOZOA; AGENT AB A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was developed to amplify a segment of the 18S rRNA gene from Myxobolus cerebralis, the agent causing whirling disease in salmonid fish. The PCR amplifies a 415 bp amplicon that was identified by dideoxynucleotide terminated sequencing to be identical to the known 18S rDNA sequence of M. cerebralis. There was no amplification of genomic DNA from 4 other myxosporean parasites of salmonid fish from the genus Myxobolus including M. arcticus, M, insidiosus, M, neurobius, and M. squamalis. The efficacy of the PCR test to detect early infections was demonstrated by amplification of the 415 bp fragment from experimentally exposed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss at 2 h and at 1, 2, and 3 wk postexposure to actinosporean stages (triactinomyxons) of M. cerebralis. In contrast, standard microscopic examinations of stained tissue sections of the same fish used for PCR were less reliable in detecting the presence of the parasite. Additional examinations of fish 5 mo postexposure, after sporogenesis had occurred, found the PCR to be a more reliable indicator of infection than the pepsin-trypsin digest (PTD) method, particularly when trout were experimentally exposed to low levels of the infectious stages of the parasite. The PCR was able to amplify to detectable levels the equivalent of a single sporoplasm of M. cerebralis as found in a tissue sample. This test improves the detection of M. cerebralis because it can detect the presence of the parasite: (1) in both hosts, (2) in all known stages of its life cycle, and (3) at lower thresholds than currently used diagnostic methods. Lastly, the PCR test is less susceptible to morphological misidentifications of the spores that can occur with current microscopic procedures. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Hedrick, RP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rphedrick@ucdavis.edu RI Andree, Karl/L-7465-2014 OI Andree, Karl/0000-0001-6564-0015 NR 33 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD OCT 8 PY 1998 VL 34 IS 2 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.3354/dao034145 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 144ZQ UT WOS:000077346600008 PM 9828408 ER PT J AU Steig, EJ Brook, EJ White, JWC Sucher, CM Bender, ML Lehman, SJ Morse, DL Waddington, ED Clow, GD AF Steig, EJ Brook, EJ White, JWC Sucher, CM Bender, ML Lehman, SJ Morse, DL Waddington, ED Clow, GD TI Synchronous climate changes in Antarctica and the North Atlantic SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID YOUNGER DRYAS EVENT; ICE-CORE RECORD; LAST DEGLACIATION; TEMPERATURE-CHANGE; SOLAR MODULATION; POLAR ICE; GREENLAND; MODEL; FIRN; AIR AB Central Greenland ice cores provide evidence of abrupt changes in climate over the past 100,000 years. Many of these changes have also been identified in sedimentary and geochemical signatures in deep-sea sediment cores from the North Atlantic, confirming the Link between millennial-scale climate variability and ocean thermohaline circulation. It is shown here that two of the mast prominent North Atlantic events-the rapid warming that marks the end of the Last glacial period and the Bolling/Allerod-Younger Dryas oscillation-are also recorded in an ice core from Taylor Dome, in the western Ross Sea sector of Antarctica. This result contrasts with evidence from ice cores in other regions of Antarctica, which show an asynchronous response between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Geol, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78759 USA. Univ Washington, Geophys Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Englewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Steig, EJ (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM steig@colorado.edu RI White, James/A-7845-2009; Steig, Eric/G-9088-2015 OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; Steig, Eric/0000-0002-8191-5549 NR 52 TC 230 Z9 236 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 2 PY 1998 VL 282 IS 5386 BP 92 EP 95 DI 10.1126/science.282.5386.92 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 126LM UT WOS:000076294900044 ER PT J AU Kanev, I Sorensen, R Sterner, M Cole, R Fried, B AF Kanev, I Sorensen, R Sterner, M Cole, R Fried, B TI The identification and characteristics of Echinoparyphium rubrum (Cort, 1914) comb. new (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae) based on experimental evidence of the life cycle SO ACTA PARASITOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Echinoparyphium rubrum; Echinostomatidae; life cycle; identity AB The life cycle of Echinoparyphium rubrum (Cort, 1914) comb. n, has been completed experimentally. All of the developmental stages - egg, miracidium, sporocyst, mother and daughter rediae, cercaria, metacercaria, and adult - were examined and described. The miracidia infected freshwater snails of the genus Physa, P. gyrina and P. occidentalis. Attempts to infect snails of the genera Lymnaea, L. auricularis, L. peregra, L. truncatula and Bulinus, B. truncatus failed. Cercariae infected various pulmonate and prosobranch freshwater snails, mussels, frogs, water turtles and planarians. The adults developed in the small intestine of birds and mammals. The identity and major characteristics of Echinoparyphium rubrum are discussed. Synonyms of E, rubrum are Cercaria rubra Cort, 1914; Cercaria biflexa Faust, 1917; Cercaria chisolenata Faust, 1918; Echinostoma cellawayensis Barker ct Noll, 1915; Echinostoma revolutum of Johnson (1920); Echinoparyphium elegans of Cannon (1938), of Bain and Trelfall (1977), of Mahoney and Trelfall (1977); and Echinoparyphium recurvatum of Jilek (1977), Harley (1972), Sankurathri and Holmes (1976). Comparisons are made between E. rubrum and its 43-collar-spined allies: E. flexum from North America, E. cinctum from Europe, E. dunni from Asia and E. elegans from Africa. C1 Univ Nebraska, State Museum, Div Parasitol, Harold W Manter Lab, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Expt Pathol & Parasitol, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Lafayette Coll, Dept Biol, Easton, PA 18042 USA. USGS, BRD, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Sterner, M (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, State Museum, Div Parasitol, Harold W Manter Lab, W-529 Nebraska Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU WITOLD STEFANSKI INST PARASITOLOGY PI WARSAW PA L. PASTEURA 3, S.P. 153, 00-073 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1230-2821 J9 ACTA PARASITOL JI Acta Parasitolog. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 43 IS 4 BP 181 EP 188 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 157QW UT WOS:000078074000002 ER PT J AU Work, TM Raskin, RE Balazs, GH Whittaker, SD AF Work, TM Raskin, RE Balazs, GH Whittaker, SD TI Morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of blood cells from Hawaiian green turtles SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHELONIA-MYDAS; SEA-TURTLE; LEUKOCYTES AB Objective-To identify and characterize blood cells from free-ranging Hawaiian green turtles, Chelonia mydas. Sample Population-26 green turtles from Puako on the island of Hawaii and Kaneohe Bay an the island of Oahu. Procedure-Blood was examined, using light and electron microscopy and cytochemical stains that included benzidine peroxidase, chloroacetate esterase, alpha naphthyl butyrate esterase, acid phosphatase, Sudan black B, periodic acid-Schiff, and toluidine blue. Results-6 types of WBC were identified: lymphocytes, monocytes, thrombocytes, heterophils, basophils, and eosinophils (small and large). Morphologic characteristics of mononuclear cells and most granulocytes were similar to those of cells from other reptiles except that green turtles have both large and small eosinophils. Conclusions-Our classification of green turtle blood cells clarifies improper nomenclature reported previously and provides a reference for future hematologic studies in this species. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Florida, Interdiscilinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Electron Microscopy Core Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50167, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 20 TC 51 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 59 IS 10 BP 1252 EP 1257 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 135QR UT WOS:000076814600011 PM 9781457 ER PT J AU Loope, WL Anderton, JB AF Loope, WL Anderton, JB TI Human vs. lightning ignition of presettlement surface fires in coastal pine forests of the upper Great Lakes SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN WISCONSIN; CHARCOAL EVIDENCE; MICHIGAN; HISTORY; LANDSCAPE; SEDIMENTS; CLIMATE; ONTARIO AB To recover direct evidence of surface fires before European settlement, we sectioned fire-scarred logging-era stumps and trees in 39 small, physically isolated sand patches along the Great Lakes coast of northern Michigan and northern Wisconsin. While much information was lost to postharvest file and stump deterioration, 147 fire-free intervals revealed in cross-sections from 29 coastal sand patches document numerous close interval surface fires before 1910; only one post-1910 fire was documented. Cross-sections from the 10 patches with records spanning >150 vr suggest local fire occurrence rates before 1910 ca. 10 times the present rate of lightning-caused fire. Since fire spread between or into coastal sand patches is rare, and seasonal use of the patches by Native people before 1910 is well documented, both historically and ethnographically, ignition by humans probably accounts for more than half of the pre-1910 fires recorded in cross-sections. C1 US Geol Survey, Munising, MI 49862 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Geog, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Loope, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Munising, MI 49862 USA. NR 62 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 140 IS 2 BP 206 EP 218 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(1998)140[0206:HVLIOP]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 136AY UT WOS:000076836500002 ER PT J AU Swilling, WR Wooten, MC Holler, NR Lynn, WJ AF Swilling, WR Wooten, MC Holler, NR Lynn, WJ TI Population dynamics of Alabama beach mice (Peromyscus polionotus ammobates) following Hurricane Opal SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PUERTO-RICO; FOREST; ISLANDS; IMPACT; SAMOA; MOUSE; BATS; HUGO AB On 4 October 1995, Hurricane Opal made landfall to the E of one of our long-term study sites at Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge in Baldwin County, Alabama. The primary dunes were destroyed and seawater covered much of the site for several days after the storm. This natural event provided a unique opportunity to study changes in the dynamics of a population of Alabama beach mice (Peromyscus polionotus ammobates) following a catastrophic alteration to a primary component of their habitat mosaic. Mouse numbers at their posthurricane peak were 30% lower than those observed prehurricane. However, the probability of mice surviving between the bimonthly trapping period which included the hurricane was not significantly different from the average between period estimates. Overall, posthurricane survival was not significantly lower than prehurricane values. However, we observed a potential delayed effect ill the form of unusually low survival during the summer of 1996 which coincided with a significant reduction in body mass. Approximately 47% of recaptures on the scrub/transition habitat in December 1995 were of mice originally marked in the beach habitat. This trend continued through April 1996 suggesting that the scrub/transition areas may provide a refuge after tropical storms. While Hurricane Opal was destructive, the immediate demographic changes were not significantly different from chose driven by annual climatic cycles. The hurricane may have compromised the ability of the population to survive the difficult summer season. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Zool & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Biol Resources Div, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Swilling, WR (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Zool & Wildlife Sci, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 140 IS 2 BP 287 EP 298 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(1998)140[0287:PDOABM]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 136AY UT WOS:000076836500010 ER PT J AU Schloesser, DW Kovalak, WP Longton, GD Ohnesorg, KL Smithee, RD AF Schloesser, DW Kovalak, WP Longton, GD Ohnesorg, KL Smithee, RD TI Impact of zebra and quagga mussels (Dreissena spp.) on freshwater unionids (Bivalvia : Unionidae) in the Detroit River of the Great Lakes SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ST-CLAIR; NORTH-AMERICA; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; WATER MUSSELS; HUDSON RIVER; POLYMORPHA; INFESTATION; IDENTIFICATION; COLONIZATION; BUGENSIS AB To assess the impact of zebra and quagga mussel (Dreissena spp.) infestation on unionids, unionids (Bivalvia: Unionidae) were sampled in the Detroit River in 1982-1983, before mussels invaded the river, and in 1992 and 1994, after mussels invaded the river. Live unionids at four stations along the southeastern shore accounted for 97% (20 species) of all shells collected in 1982-1983, whereas live unionids accounted for only 10% (13 species) in 1992. A similar decline in live unionids occurred at nine stations along the northwestern shore, except the decline occurred over the three sampling periods: in 1982-83, 84% (22 species) were live; in 1992, 65% (26 species) were live; and, in 1994, only 3% (13 species) were live. The difference in time to near-total mortality of unionids along the southeastern and northwestern shores is attributed to differences in the time of invasion and abundance of zebra mussel veligers in distinct water masses emanating from Lake St. Clair located immediately upstream of the Detroit River.;Although individuals of all species of all unionid subfamilies declined between 1982 and 1992/1994, members of the subfamilies Anodontinae and Lampsilinae declined more than Ambleminae. Between 1986 and 1992/1994, five Anodontinae, three Lampsilinae and 0 Ambleminae species hale been extirpated from the river due to dreissenid mussel infestation. Numbers of individuals of commonly found species declined more than numbers of individuals of uncommonly found species. However, the number of uncommon species declined 47% (17 to 9) along both the southeastern and northwestern shores, whereas common species remained the same (3 species) along the southeastern shore and declined only 40% (5 to 3 species) along the northwestern shore. This study, and others, suggest that high mortality of unionids can occur between 4 and 6 yr after initial invasion by dreissenids or up to 8 yr depending on water current patterns. Infestation-induced mortality of unionids in the Detroit River is similar to that observed at a few locations in other rivers, but is higher over a larger area than that measured in other rivers to date, probably because the Detroit River was the first to be colonized by dreissenid mussels in North America. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Detroit Edison Co, Detroit, MI 48226 USA. RP Schloesser, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 49 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 140 IS 2 BP 299 EP 313 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(1998)140[0299:IOZAQM]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 136AY UT WOS:000076836500011 ER PT J AU Royer, RA Austin, JE Newton, WE AF Royer, RA Austin, JE Newton, WE TI Checklist and "Pollard walk" butterfly survey methods on public lands SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ABUNDANCE; MANAGEMENT AB Checklist and "Pollard Walk" butterfly survey methods were contemporaneously applied to seven public sites in North Dakota during the summer of 1995. Results were compared for effect of method and site on total number of butterflies and total number of species detected per hour. Checklist searching produced significantly more butterfly detections per hour than Pollard Walks at all sites. Number of species detected per hour did not differ significantly either among sites or between methods. Many species were detected by only one method, and at most sites generalist and invader species were more likely to be observed during checklist searches than during Pollard Walks. Results indicate that checklist surveys are a more efficient means for initial determination of a species list for a site, whereas for long-term monitoring the Pollard Walk is more practical and statistically manageable. Pollard Walk transects are thus recommended once a prairie butterfly fauna has been defined for a site by checklist surveys. C1 Minot State Univ, Div Sci, Minot, ND 58707 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Royer, RA (reprint author), Minot State Univ, Div Sci, 500 Univ Ave W, Minot, ND 58707 USA. OI Austin, Jane/0000-0001-8775-2210 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 140 IS 2 BP 358 EP 371 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(1998)140[0358:CAPWBS]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 136AY UT WOS:000076836500016 ER PT J AU Dojka, MA Hugenholtz, P Haack, SK Pace, NR AF Dojka, MA Hugenholtz, P Haack, SK Pace, NR TI Microbial diversity in a hydrocarbon- and chlorinated-solvent-contaminated aquifer undergoing intrinsic bioremediation SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; IN-SITU IDENTIFICATION; SYNTROPHUS-GENTIANAE; PROFUNDAL SEDIMENT; METHANE PRODUCTION; LAKE CONSTANCE; 16S; BACTERIA; AMPLIFICATION; ENVIRONMENT AB A culture independent molecular phylogenetic approach was used to survey constituents of microbial communities associated with an aquifer contaminated with hydrocarbons (mainly jet fuel) and chlorinated solvents undergoing intrinsic bioremediation. Samples were obtained from three redox zones: methanogenic, methanogenic-sulfate reducing, and iron or sulfate reducing, Small-subunit rRNA genes were amplified directly from aquifer material DNA by PCR with universally conserved or Bacteria- or Archaea-specific primers and were cloned. A total of 812 clones were screened by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), approximately 50% of which were unique. All RFLP types that occurred more than once in the libraries, as well as many of the unique types, were sequenced. A total of 104 (94 bacterial and 10 archaeal) sequence types were determined. Of the 94 bacterial sequence types, 10 have no phylogenetic association with known taxonomic divisions and are phylogenetically grouped in six novel division level groups (candidate divisions WS1 to WS6); 21 belong to four recently described candidate divisions with no cultivated representatives (OP5, OP8, OP10, and OP11); and 63 are phylogenetically associated with 10 well-recognized divisions. The physiology of two particularly abundant sequence types obtained from the methanogenic zone could be inferred from their phylogenetic association with groups of microorganisms with a consistent phenotype, One of these sequence types is associated with the genus Syntrophus; Syntrophus spp, produce energy from the anaerobic oxidation of organic acids, with the production of acetate and hydrogen. The organism represented by the other sequence type is closely related to Methanosaeta spp., which are known to be capable of energy generation only through aceticlastic methanogenesis. We hypothesize, therefore, that the terminal step of hydrocarbon degradation in the methanogenic zone of the aquifer is aceticlastic methanogenesis and that the microorganisms represented by these two sequence types occur in syntrophic association. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. RP Pace, NR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nrpace@nature.berkeley.edu RI Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011 NR 48 TC 517 Z9 533 U1 7 U2 93 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 64 IS 10 BP 3869 EP 3877 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 126LP UT WOS:000076295100047 PM 9758812 ER PT J AU Shrimpton, JM McCormick, SD AF Shrimpton, JM McCormick, SD TI Seasonal differences in plasma cortisol and gill corticosteroid receptors in upper and lower mode juvenile Atlantic salmon SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Salmonnid Smoltification CY DEC 09-12, 1996 CL MUONIO, FINLAND DE Atlantic salmon; parr; smolt; gill corticosteroid receptors; gill Na+ K+ ATPase activity; plasma cortisol ID K+-ATPASE ACTIVITY; COHO SALMON; GROWTH-HORMONE; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALAR L; STEELHEAD TROUT; DOWN-REGULATION; NA+ AB Circulating plasma cortisol and gill corticosteroid receptors (CR) have been observed to change seasonally in conjunction with smelting in Atlantic salmon. To differentiate whether these changes are seasonal or ontogenic, juvenile Atlantic salmon parr were separated by size into upper (UM) and lower mode (LM) in September. At monthly intervals, the fish were sampled for plasma cortisol, gill Na+K+ ATPase activity and CR abundance (B-max) and dissociation constant (k(D)). UM were significantly larger than LM, and showed the silver appearance characteristic of smelts in April and May. Gill Na+K+ ATPase activity of UM fish increased 6-fold during the spring; LM fish increased 1.5-fold. Plasma cortisol levels increased significantly (10-fold) in UM fish in May, but not in LM fish. Gill CR B-max increased 5-fold over the duration of the study in both groups. CR k(D) was lowest in October and highest in May, a 1.8- and 2-fold increase in LM and UM, respectively. There were no significant differences in gill CR B-max and k(D) between the two groups during the study, except in May, when k(D) was significantly greater and B-max lower in UM than LM. Peak levels of gill Na+K+ ATPase activity occur coincident with an increase in plasma cortisol concentration. Seasonal increases in CR B-max and k(D) are similar in UM and LM fish and occur independent of smelting in juvenile Atlantic salmon. In UM fish, plasma cortisol increases in spring are concurrent with increased smelt characteristics. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USGS, Biol Resources Div, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Shrimpton, JM (reprint author), Univ No British Columbia, Biol Program, 3333 Univ Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. EM shrimptm@unbc.ca NR 45 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 168 IS 1-4 BP 205 EP 219 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00350-0 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 144HL UT WOS:000077308400019 ER PT J AU McCormick, SD Shrimpton, JM Carey, JB O'Dea, MF Sloan, KE Moriyama, S Bjornsson, BT AF McCormick, SD Shrimpton, JM Carey, JB O'Dea, MF Sloan, KE Moriyama, S Bjornsson, BT TI Repeated acute stress reduces growth rate of Atlantic salmon parr and alters plasma levels of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I and cortisol SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Salmonnid Smoltification CY DEC 09-12, 1996 CL MUONIO, FINLAND DE Atlantic salmon; growth rate; IGF-I; cortisol; handling stress ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; BROWN TROUT; TRUTTA-L; HANDLING STRESS; CROWDING STRESS; 2 STRAINS; KISUTCH AB Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr were subjected to acute handling stresses and growth-monitored for at least 30 days. In fish stressed twice daily, growth rate in weight was 61% lower than controls after 11 days (1.00 vs. 2.57% day(-1)) and over a 30 day period it was 50% lower than controls (1.53 vs. 3.07% day(-1)). In fish stressed once daily, growth rate was 18% lower than controls after 10 days (2.17 vs. 2.63% day(-1)) and over a 30-day period it was 34% lower than controls (1.71 vs. 2.59% day(-1)). In fish stressed once daily, food consumption was reduced by 62% and 37% after 17 and 37 days, respectively. At the end of 40 days of acute stress once daily, control and stressed fish were sampled 1 h prior to, 3 and 7 h after a stress event. Plasma growth hormone levels were significantly higher in the stressed group than in the controls prior to and 7 h after stress. Plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels were higher in the stressed group only 3 and 7 h after stress. Plasma cortisol levels were lower in the stressed group prior to and 3 h after stress. The results indicate that acute stressors decrease growth of Atlantic salmon parr, with increasing frequency of stress having a more rapid and greater effect. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USGS, Biol Resources Div, Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Kitasato Univ, Sch Fisheries, Mol Endocrinol Lab, Sanriku, Iwate 02201, Japan. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Zoophysiol, Fish Endocrinol Lab, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP McCormick, SD (reprint author), USGS, Biol Resources Div, Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM mccormick@umext.umass.edu RI Bjornsson, Bjorn/B-9161-2008 OI Bjornsson, Bjorn/0000-0002-1310-9756 NR 43 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 168 IS 1-4 BP 221 EP 235 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00351-2 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 144HL UT WOS:000077308400020 ER PT J AU Carey, JB McCormick, SD AF Carey, JB McCormick, SD TI Atlantic salmon smolts are more responsive to an acute handling and confinement stress than parr SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Salmonnid Smoltification CY DEC 09-12, 1996 CL MUONIO, FINLAND DE Atlantic salmon; smolt; parr; stress ID K+-ATPASE ACTIVITY; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; FRESH-WATER; PLASMA-CORTISOL; SALAR L; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; THYROID-HORMONE; CHLORIDE CELLS AB Atlantic salmon pan; and smelts reared under a natural temperature and photoperiod regime were subjected to an acute handling and confinement stress in early May. Smelts had a mean plasma cortisol concentration of 10 ng/ml before stress and 242 ng/ml 3 h after initiation of stress which returned to pre-stress levels within 8 h. Parr: had a plasma cortisol concentration of 4 ng/ml prior to stress which increased to 11 ng/ml 3 h after initiation of stress and returned to pre-stress levels within 8 h. Plasma glucose was significantly higher in pan and smelts 3 h after initiation of stress; in parr, plasma glucose returned to pre-stress levels within 8 h, but not until 48 h in smelts. Plasma chloride concentration in smelts decreased from 139 to 124 mM 3 h after initiation of stress but returned to pre-stress levels within 24 h; plasma chloride in parr was not altered by stress. Plasma thyroxine of parr and smelts peaked at 3 h after initiation of stress and returned to pre-stress levels within 8 h, but smelts had 72% higher levels at 3 h. Pre-smelts (February) and smelts (May) reared under constant temperature (8-10 degrees C) were also subjected to a handling and confinement stress. Although peak levels of plasma cortisol 3 h after initiation of stress were twice as high in smelts, other physiological and endocrine responses were not substantially different between pre-smelts and smelts. The results demonstrate that Atlantic salmon smelts are more responsive to stress than pan: and that developmental differences are more important than seasonal changes. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP McCormick, SD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. NR 51 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 168 IS 1-4 BP 237 EP 253 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00352-4 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 144HL UT WOS:000077308400021 ER PT J AU Hicks, DW Onuf, CP Tunnell, JW AF Hicks, DW Onuf, CP Tunnell, JW TI Response of shoal grass, Halodule wrightii, to extreme winter conditions in the Lower Laguna Madre, Texas SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE seagrass; Halodule wrightii; freeze; Laguna Madre; subtropical; Texas ID SEAGRASS MEADOWS; BAY AB Effects of a severe freeze on the shoal grass, Halodule wrightii, were documented through analysis of temporal and spatial trends in below-ground biomass. The coincidence of the second lowest temperature (-10.6 degrees C) in 107 years of record, 56 consecutive hours below freezing, high winds and extremely low water levels exposed the Laguna Madre, TX, to the most severe cold stress in over a century. H. wrightii tolerated this extreme freeze event. Annual pre- and post-freeze surveys indicated that below-ground biomass estimated from volume was unaffected by the freeze event. Nor was there any post-freeze change in biomass among intertidal sites directly exposed to freezing air temperatures relative to subtidal sites which remained submerged during the freezing period. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Coastal Studies, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. US Geol Survey, Environm & Contaminants Res Ctr, Texas Gulf Coast Field Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Hicks, DW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Coastal Studies, Corpus Christi 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 62 IS 2 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1016/S0304-3770(98)00084-9 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 130HH UT WOS:000076513800004 ER PT J AU Kolpin, DW Thurman, EM Linhart, SM AF Kolpin, DW Thurman, EM Linhart, SM TI The environmental occurrence of herbicides: The importance of degradates in ground water SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREEN FROGS; PESTICIDES; ATRAZINE; ALACHLOR; SOIL; PRODUCTS; DEETHYLATRAZINE; IDENTIFICATION; METABOLISM; CHEMICALS AB Numerous studies are being conducted to investigate the occurrence, fate, and effects on human health and the environment from the extensive worldwide use of herbicides to control weeds. Few studies, however, are considering the degradates of these herbicides in their investigations. Our study of herbicides in aquifers across Iowa found herbicide degradates to be prevalent in ground water, being detected in about 75% of the wells sampled. With the exception of atrazine, the frequencies of detection in ground water for a given herbicide increased multifold when its degradates were considered. Furthermore, a majority of the measured concentration for a given herbicide was in the form of its degradates-even for a relatively persistent compound such as atrazine. For this study, degradates comprised from 60 to over 99% of a herbicide's measured concentration. Because herbicide degradates can have similar acute and chronic toxicity as their parent compounds, these compounds have environmental significance as well as providing a more complete understanding of the fate and transport of a given herbicide. Thus, it is essential that degradates are included in any type of herbicide investigation. C1 US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Kolpin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 S Clinton St,Box 1230, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011 NR 43 TC 133 Z9 135 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 35 IS 3 BP 385 EP 390 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 116KA UT WOS:000075722400004 PM 9732467 ER PT J AU Gruber, SJ Munn, MD AF Gruber, SJ Munn, MD TI Organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in agricultural waters and cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FENITROTHION; PESTICIDES; CARBARYL; BEHAVIOR AB Cholinesterase (ChE) activity was used as a biomarker for assessing exposure of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides from irrigated agricultural waters. Carp were collected from a lake (Royal Lake) that receives most of its water from irrigation return flows and from a reference lake (Billy Clapp Lake) outside of the irrigation system. Results indicated that the mean whole-brain ChE activity of carp from Royal Lake (3.47 mu mol/min/g tissue) was 34.2% less than that of carp from Billy Clapp Lake (5.27 mu mol/min/g tissue) (p = 0.003). The depressed ChE activity in brain tissue of Royal Lake carp was in response to ChE-inhibiting insecticides detected in water samples in the weeks prior to tissue sampling; the most frequently detected insecticides included chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, and ethoprop. Neither sex nor size appears to be a covariable in the analysis; ChE activity was not correlated with fish length or weight in either lake and there was no significant difference in ChE activity between the two sexes within each lake. Although organophosphate and carbamate insecticides can break down rapidly in the environment, this study suggests that in agricultural regions where insecticides are applied for extended periods of the year, nontarget aquatic biota may be exposed to high levels of ChE-inhibiting insecticides for a period of several months. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Gruber, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 1201 Pacific Ave,Suite 600, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. NR 27 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 35 IS 3 BP 391 EP 396 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 116KA UT WOS:000075722400005 PM 9732468 ER PT J AU Blus, LJ Melancon, MJ Hoffman, DJ Henny, CJ AF Blus, LJ Melancon, MJ Hoffman, DJ Henny, CJ TI Contaminants in eggs of colonial waterbirds and hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme levels in pipped tern embryos, Washington State SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CROWNED NIGHT-HERONS; LAKE-MICHIGAN; GREEN-BAY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CHEMICAL RESIDUES; GREAT-LAKES; EXPOSURE AB Eggs of Forster's terns (Srerna forsteri) collected in 1991 from nesting colonies on Crescent Island (Columbia River) and the Potholes Reservoir in south central Washington generally contained low residues of organochlorine pesticides and metabolites, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme activity in pipped embryos of Forster's terns from the two colonies seemed unaffected by contaminants. At Crescent Island, examination of 23 Forster's tern eggs with large embryos (19 viable [10 pipped] and four dead [two pipped]) revealed developmental abnormalities in two viable pipped embryos (missing maxilla and deformed pelvic girdle) and a viable prepipping embryo (shortened beak). Our limited sample sizes and number of compounds analyzed preclude us from determining whether or not the abnormalities are related to contaminants. No abnormalities were noted in 10 pipped eggs (nine viable and one dead at collection) of Forster's terns collected from the Potholes Reservoir colony. Eggs of Caspian terns (Sterna caspia) collected from Crescent Island in 1991 also contained generally low residues of contaminants, only one developmental abnormality was noted, and limited data indicated that cytochrome P450 enzyme activity apparently was unaffected by contaminants. Organochlorine contaminants were generally low in addled eggs of American white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) collected from Crescent Island in 1994. C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Blus, LJ (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 35 IS 3 BP 492 EP 497 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 116KA UT WOS:000075722400019 PM 9732482 ER PT J AU Beyer, WN Franson, JC Locke, LN Stroud, RK Sileo, L AF Beyer, WN Franson, JC Locke, LN Stroud, RK Sileo, L TI Retrospective study of the diagnostic criteria in a lead-poisoning survey of waterfowl SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE; GEESE AB Between 1983 and 1986 the National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) conducted a nationwide study of lead poisoning of waterfowl from federal and state refuges. This survey was done to assist in identifying zones with lead-poisoning problems. One thousand forty one moribund or dead waterfowl were collected and examined, The presence or absence of 13 gross lesions selected as indicators of lead poisoning and three lesions indicating body condition was recorded. Lead-poisoning diagnoses were based on the finding of at least 6-8 ppm (wet weight) lead in the liver and either lead shot in the gizzard content or at least one convincing gross lesion indicative of lead poisoning. Four hundred twenty-one of these waterfowl were diagnosed as lead poisoned. The NWHC survey provided a comprehensive basis for estimating the sensitivities, specificities, and likelihood ratios of the gross lesions of lead poisoning and the associated hepatic lead concentrations for several species of waterfowl. Some of the 13 defined gross lesions were more common than others; frequencies ranged from 3% to 80% in the 421 lead-poisoned waterfowl. The most reliable indicators of lead poisoning were impactions of the upper alimentary tract, submandibular edema, myocardial necrosis, and biliary discoloration of the liver. Each of the 13 lesions occurred more frequently in the lead-poisoned birds, but each of the lesions also occurred in waterfowl that died of other causes. The number of lead shot present in a bird's gizzard was only weakly correlated with its hepatic lead concentration; however, this weak correlation may have been adequate to account for differences in hepatic lead concentrations among species, once the weights of the species were taken into account. Although lead-poisoned ducks tended to have higher hepatic mean lead concentrations than did lead-poisoned geese or swans, the differences were probably a result of a greater dose of shot per body weight than to kinetic differences between species. Hepatic lead concentrations were independent of age and sex. Ninety-five percent of waterfowl diagnosed as lead poisoned had hepatic lead concentrations of at least 38 ppm dry weight (10 ppm wet weight). Fewer than 1% of the waterfowl that died of other causes had a concentration that high. This fifth percentile, of 38 ppm dry weight (10 ppm wet weight), is a defensible criterion for identifying lead-poisoned waterfowl when interpreting hepatic lead concentrations in the absence of pathological observations. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Law Enforcement, Clark R Bavin Fish & Wildlife Forens Lab, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Beyer, WN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12011 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238 NR 30 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 35 IS 3 BP 506 EP 512 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 116KA UT WOS:000075722400021 PM 9732484 ER PT J AU Erwin, RM Nichols, JD Eyler, TB Stotts, DB Truitt, BR AF Erwin, RM Nichols, JD Eyler, TB Stotts, DB Truitt, BR TI Modeling colony-site dynamics: A case study of gull-billed terns (Sterna nilotica) in coastal Virginia SO AUK LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; INFORMATION; SELECTION; DISPERSAL; SEABIRDS; SURVIVAL; CHOICE; COMMON; BIRDS; RATES AB We developed a Markov process model for colony-site dynamics of Gull-billed Terns (Sterna nilotica). From 1993 through 1996, we monitored breeding numbers of Gull-billed Terns and their frequent colony associates, Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) and Black Skimmers (Rynchops niger), at colony sites along 80 km of the barrier island region of coastal Virginia. We also monitored flooding events and renesting. We developed the model for colony survival, extinction, and recolonization at potential colony sites over the four-year period. We then used data on annual site occupation by Gull-billed Terns to estimate model parameters and tested for differences between nesting substrates (barrier island vs, shellpile). Results revealed a dynamic system but provided no evidence that the dynamics were Markovian, i.e. the probability that a site was occupied in one year was not influenced by whether it had been occupied in the previous year. Nor did colony-level reproductive success the previous season seem to affect the probability of site occupancy. Site survival and recolonization rates were similar, and the estimated overall annual probability of a site being occupied was 0.59. Of the 25 sites that were used during the four-year period, 16 were used in one or two years only and only three were used in all four years. Flooding and renesting were frequent in both habitat types in all years. The frequent flooding of nests on shellpiles argues for more effective management; augmentation with shell and sand to increase elevations as little as 20 cm could have reduced flooding at a number of sites. The low colony-site fidelity that we observed suggests that an effective management approach would be to provide a large number of sand and/or shellpile sites for use by nesting terns. Sites not used in one year may still be used in subsequent years. C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Nat Conservancy, Virginia Coast Reserve, Nassawadox, VA 23413 USA. RP Erwin, RM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 34 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 1998 VL 115 IS 4 BP 970 EP 978 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 186LL UT WOS:000079730900016 ER PT J AU Kuznetsov, SB Baranyuk, VV Takekawa, JY AF Kuznetsov, SB Baranyuk, VV Takekawa, JY TI Genetic differentiation between wintering populations of Lesser Snow Geese nesting on Wrangel Island SO AUK LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-PLASMA; POLYMORPHISM; SYSTEMATICS; ANSER C1 USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol & Genet, Siberian Dept, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Wrangel Isl Nat Reserve, Magadan Region, Ushakovskoye, Russia. RP Takekawa, JY (reprint author), USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, 1408 Mesa Rd, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM john_takekawa@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 1998 VL 115 IS 4 BP 1053 EP 1057 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 186LL UT WOS:000079730900023 ER PT J AU Brooks, PD Williams, MW Schmidt, SK AF Brooks, PD Williams, MW Schmidt, SK TI Inorganic nitrogen and microbial biomass dynamics before and during spring snowmelt SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alpine; nitrogen cycling; nitrogen saturation; snowmelt; tundra ID ALPINE TUNDRA COMMUNITIES; DIRECT EXTRACTION; SIERRA-NEVADA; NIWOT RIDGE; COLORADO; CO2; MINERALIZATION; FOREST; FLUX; NITRIFICATION AB Recent work in seasonally snow covered ecosystems has identified thawed soil and high levels of heterotrophic activity throughout the winter under consistent snow cover. We performed measurements during the winter of 1994 to determine how the depth and timing of seasonal snow cover affect soil microbial populations, surface water NO3- loss during snowmelt, and plant N availability early in the growing season. Soi; under early accumulating,, consistent snow cover remained thawed during most of the winter and both microbial biomass and soil inorganic N pools gradually increased under the snowpack. At the initiation of snowmelt, microbial biomass N pools increased from 3.0 to 5.9 g N m(-2), concurrent with a decrease in soil inorganic N pools. During the latter stages of snowmelt, microbial biomass N pools decreased sharply without a concurrent increase in inorganic N pools or significant leaching losses. In contrast, soil under inconsistent snow cover remained frozen during most of the winter. During snowmelt, microbial biomass initially increased from 1.7 to 3.1 g N m(-2) and then decreased as sites became snow-free. In contrast to smaller pool sizes, NO3- export during snowmelt from the inconsistent snow cover sites of 1.14 (+/-0.511)g N m(-2) was significantly greater (p < 0.001) than the 0.27 (+/-0.16) g N m(-2) exported from sites with consistent snow cover. Their: data suggest that microbial biomass in consistently snow-covered soil provides a significant buffer limiting the export of inorganic N to surface water during snowmelt. However, this buffer is very sensitive to changes in snowpack regime. Therefore, interannual variability in the timing and depth of snowpack accumulation may explain the year to year variability in inorganic N concentrations in surface water these ecosystems. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Epo Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brooks, PD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Schmidt, Steven/G-2771-2010; Baulch, Helen/I-9529-2012 OI Schmidt, Steven/0000-0002-9175-2085; NR 38 TC 208 Z9 241 U1 6 U2 64 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD OCT PY 1998 VL 43 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1023/A:1005947511910 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 126AR UT WOS:000076271000001 ER EF