FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Lund, K Aleinikoff, JN Kunk, MJ Unruh, DM Zeihen, GD AF Lund, K Aleinikoff, JN Kunk, MJ Unruh, DM Zeihen, GD TI SHRIMP U-Pb and Ar-40/Ar-39 age constraints for relating plutonism and mineralization in the Boulder batholith region, Montana SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID POTASSIUM-SILICATE PROTORE; BUTTE AB The composite Boulder batholith, Montana, hosts a variety of mineral deposit types, including important silver-rich polymetallic quartz vein districts in the northern part of the batholith and the giant Butte porphyry copper-molybdenum pre-Main Stage system and crosscutting copper-rich Main Stage vein system in the southern part of the batholith. Previous dating studies have identified ambiguous relationships among igneous and mineralizing events. Mineralizing hydrothermal fluids for these tapes of deposits and magma for quartz porphyry dikes at Butte have all been considered to be late-stage differentiates of the Boulder batholith, However, previous dating studies indicated that the Boulder batholith plutons cooled from about 7 8 to 72 Ma, whereas copper-rich Main Stage veins at Butte were dated at about 61 Ma. Recent efforts to date the porphyry copper-molybdenum pre-Main Stage deposits at Butte resulted in conflicting estimates of both 64 and 76 Ma for the mineralizing events. Silver-rich polymetallic quartz vein deposits elsewhere in the batholith have not been dated previously. To resolve this controversy, we used the U.S. Geological Survey, Stanford, SHRIMP RG ion microprobe to date single-age domains within zircons from plutonic rock samples and Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology to date white mica, biotite, and K-feldspar from mineral deposits. U-Pb zircon ages are Rader Creek Granodiorite, 80.4 +/- 1.2 Ma; Unionville Granodiorite, 78.2 +/- 0,8 Ma; Pulpit Rock granite, 76.5 +/- 0.8 Ma; Butte Granite, 74.5 +/- 0.9 Ma; altered Steward-type quartz porphyry dike (I-15 roadcut), 66.5 +/- 1.0 Ma; altered Steward-type quartz porphyry dike (Continental pit), 657 +/-0.9 MA; and quartz monzodiorite of Boulder Baldy (Big Belt Mountains), 66.2 +/- 0.9 Ma. Zircons from Rader Creek Granodiorite and quartz porphyry dike samples contain Archean inheritance, The Ar-40/Ar-39 ages are muscovite, silver-rich polymetallic quartz vein (Basin district), 74.4 +/- 0.3 Ma; muscovite, silver-rich polymetallic quartz vein (Boulder district), 74.4 +/- 1.2 Ma; muscovite, early dark micaceous vein (Continental pit), 63.6 +/- 0.2 Ma; biotite, early dark micaceous vein (Continental pit), 63.6 0,2 Ma; potassium feldspar, early dark micaceous vein (Continental pit), 63 to 59 Ma; and biotite, biotite breccia dike (Continental pit), 63.6 +/- 0.2 Ma, Outlying silver-rich polymetallic quartz veins of the Basin and Boulder mining districts probably are directly related to the 74.5 Ma Butte Granite, whereas Steward-type east-west quartz porphyry dikes and Butte pre-Main Stage deposits are parts of a 66 to 64 Ma magmatic-mineralization system unrelated to emplacement of the Boulder batholith. The age of the crosscutting Main Stage veins may be about 61 Ma as originally reported but can only be bracketed as younger than the 64 Ma pre-Main Stage mineralization and older than the about 50 Ma Eocene Lowland Creek intrusions. The 66 Ma age for the quartz monzodiorite of Boulder Baldy and consideration of previous dating studies in the region indicate that small ca, 66 Ma plutonic systems may be common in the Boulder batholith region and especially to the east. The approximately 64 Ma. porphyry copper systems at Butte and gold mineralization at Miller Mountain are indicative of regionally important mineralizing systems of this age in the Boulder batholith region. Resolution of the age and probable magmatic source of the Butte pre-Main Stage porphyry copper-molybdenum system and of the silver-rich polymetallic quartz vein systems in the northern part of the Boulder batholith documents that these deposits formed from two discrete periods of hydrothermal mineralization related to two discrete magmatic events. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Montana Resources, Butte, MT 59701 USA. RP Lund, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 905, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 93 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI LITTLETON PA 5808 SOUTH RAPP ST, STE 209, LITTLETON, CO 80120-1942 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 97 IS 2 BP 241 EP 267 DI 10.2113/97.2.241 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 557ZM UT WOS:000175939600003 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE AF Keeley, JE TI Fire management of California shrubland landscapes SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE buffer zones; chaparral; ecosystem management; fire management; fuel breaks; prescription burning ID NORTHERN BAJA-CALIFORNIA; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; FOREST; REGIMES; SIMULATION; BEHAVIOR; WEATHER; EVENTS; SCRUB AB Fire management of California shrublands has been heavily influenced by policies designed for coniferous forests, however, fire suppression has not effectively excluded fire from chaparral and coastal sage scrub landscapes and catastrophic wildfires are not the result of unnatural fuel accumulation. There is no evidence that prescribed burning in these shrublands provides any resource benefit and in some areas may negatively impact shrublands by increasing fire frequency. Therefore, fire hazard reduction is the primary justification for prescription burning, but it is doubtful that rotational burning to create landscape age mosaics is a cost effective method of controlling catastrophic wildfires, There are problems with prescription burning in this crown-fire ecosystem that are not shared by forests with a natural surface-fire regime, Prescription weather conditions preclude burning at rotation intervals sufficient to effect the control of fires ignited under severe weather conditions. Fire management should focus on strategic placement of prescription burns to both insure the most efficient fire hazard reduction and to minimize the amount of landscape exposed to unnaturally high fire frequency. A major contributor to increased fire suppression costs and increased loss of property and lives is the continued urban sprawl into wildlands naturally subjected to high intensity crown fires. Differences in shrubland fire history suggest there may be a need for different fire management tactics between central coastal and southern California. Much less is known about shrubland fire history in the Sierra Nevada foothills and interior North Coast Ranges, and thus it would be prudent to not transfer these ideas too broadly across the range of chaparral until we have a clearer understanding of the extent of regional variation in shrubland fire regimes. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Organism Biol Ecol & Evolut, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Natl Pk, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. NR 119 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 10 U2 50 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 395 EP 408 DI 10.1004/s0267-001-0034-Y PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522YX UT WOS:000173925500008 PM 11830769 ER PT J AU Johnson, CA Leinz, RW Grimes, DJ Rye, RO AF Johnson, CA Leinz, RW Grimes, DJ Rye, RO TI Photochemical changes in cyanide speciation in drainage from a precious metal ore heap SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; DIEL VARIATION; HEXACYANOFERRATE(III) AB In drainage from an inactive ore heap at a former gold mine, the speciation of cyanide and the concentrations of several metals were found to follow diurnal cycles. Concentrations of the hexacyanoferrate complex, iron, manganese, and ammonium were higher at night than during the day, whereas weak-acid-dissociable cyanide, silver, gold, copper, nitrite, and pH displayed the reverse behavior. The changes in cyanide speciation, iron, and trace metals can be explained by photodissociation of iron and cobalt cyanocomplexes as the solutions emerged from the heap into sunlight-exposed channels. At midday, environmentally significant concentrations of free cyanide were produced in a matter of minutes, causing trace copper, silver, and gold to be mobilized as cyanocomplexes from solids. Whether rapid photodissociation is a general phenomenon common to other sites will be important to determine in reaching a general understanding of the environmental risks posed by routine or accidental water discharges from precious metal mining facilities. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Johnson, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 5 BP 840 EP 845 DI 10.1021/es011064s PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 526NK UT WOS:000174136400019 PM 11918005 ER PT J AU Runkel, RL Kimball, BA AF Runkel, RL Kimball, BA TI Evaluating remedial alternatives for an acid mine drainage stream: Application of a reactive transport model SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; RIFFLE STREAM; PH; SIMULATION; WATERS; OXIDATION; REMOVAL; METALS; IRON; NEUTRALIZATION AB A reactive transport model based on one-dimensional transport and equilibrium chemistry is applied to synoptic data from an acid mine drainage stream. Model inputs include streamflow estimates based on tracer dilution, inflow chemistry based on synoptic sampling, and equilibrium constants describing acid/base, complexation, precipitation/ dissolution, and sorption reactions. The dominant features of observed spatial profiles in pH and metal concentration are reproduced along the 3.5-km study reach by simulating the precipitation of Fe(III) and Al solid phases and the sorption of Cu, As, and Pb onto freshly precipitated iron(III) oxides. Given this quantitative description of existing conditions, additional simulations are conducted to estimate the streamwater quality that could result from two hypothetical remediation plans. Both remediation plans involve the addition of CaCO3 to raise the pH of a small, acidic inflow from similar to2.4 to similar to7.0. This pH increase results in a reduced metal load that is routed downstream by the reactive transport model, thereby providing an estimate of post-remediation water quality. The first remediation plan assumes a closed system wherein inflow Fe(lI) is not oxidized by the treatment system; under the second remediation plan, an open system is assumed, and Fe(II) is oxidized within the treatment system. Both plans increase instream pH and substantially reduce total and dissolved concentrations of Al, As, Cu, and Fe(II+III) at the terminus of the study reach. Dissolved Pb concentrations are reduced by similar to18% under the first remediation plan due to sorption onto iron(III) oxides within the treatment system and stream channel. In contrast, iron(Ill) oxides are limiting under the second remediation plan, and removal of dissolved Pb occurs primarily within the treatment system. This limitation results in an increase in dissolved Pb concentrations over existing conditions as additional downstream sources of Pb are not attenuated by sorption. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP Runkel, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 38 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1093 EP 1101 DI 10.1021/es0109794 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 526NK UT WOS:000174136400053 PM 11917996 ER PT J AU Hoffman, DJ Marn, CM Marois, KC Sproul, E Dunne, M Skorupa, JP AF Hoffman, DJ Marn, CM Marois, KC Sproul, E Dunne, M Skorupa, JP TI Sublethal effects in avocet and stilt hatchlings from selenium-contaminated sites SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE selenium; avocet; stilt; embryotoxicity; oxidative stress ID MALLARD DUCKLINGS; GLUTATHIONE METABOLISM; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DIETARY-PROTEIN; AQUATIC BIRDS; KESTERSON-RESERVOIR; GROWTH; REPRODUCTION; SURVIVAL; SELENOMETHIONINE AB Excess selenium (Se) in the aquatic food chain is embryotoxic and teratogenic to avocets, stilts, and other waterbirds. American avocet (Recurvirostra americana) and black-necked stilt (Himantopus mexicanus) eggs were collected from three sites in the Tulare Lake Basin of California, USA, and hatched in the laboratory. These sites included the Tulare Lake Drainage District-north (TLDD-N, water 2.5 ppb Se), TLDD-south (TLDD-S, water 8.6 ppb Se), and Westfarmers (WF, water 190 ppb Se). Highest egg Se concentrations occurred at WF (geometric mean 31.4 ppm dry wt for avocets and 20.5 ppm dry wt for stilts). Mean egg Se concentrations were 6.7 ppm for avocets and 8.4 ppm for stilts at TLDD-S, and 3.3 ppm for avocets and 2.3 ppm for stilts at TLDD-N. Hatching success and incidence of malformations did not differ among sites, but yolk sac-free hatching weights and bone lengths were less for avocets at the WF site, whereas liver weights and liver to body weight ratios were greater at that site. With increasing Se concentration, oxidative stress was most apparent in avocet hatchlings from WF: hepatic glutathione (GSH) peroxidase activity increased, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity decreased, and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentration as well as the ratio of GSSG to reduced GSH concentration increased. In stilts, hepatic GSH concentration was lower in WF hatchlings. In conclusion, our findings of Se-impaired embryo growth and hepatotoxicity in avocet hatchlings suggest that oxidative stress observed in hatchlings may be related to these biological effects and may serve as a potential bioindicator of subsequent impaired functions. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Hoffman, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12011 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3 BP 561 EP 566 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<0561:SEIAAS>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 524GE UT WOS:000174004100014 PM 11878470 ER PT J AU Pollock, KH Nichols, JD Simons, TR Farnsworth, GL Bailey, LL Sauer, JR AF Pollock, KH Nichols, JD Simons, TR Farnsworth, GL Bailey, LL Sauer, JR TI Large scale wildlife monitoring studies: statistical methods for design and analysis SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Quantitative Methods in Applied Sciences CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2000 CL CERTOSA PONTIGNANO, ITALY DE absolute abundance; capture-recapture sampling; detection probability; distance sampling; long-term monitoring; relative abundance; removal sampling; wildlife monitoring studies ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; NORTH-AMERICAN WATERFOWL; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; SPECIES RICHNESS; MARK-RECAPTURE; LINE TRANSECT; ROBUST DESIGN; POPULATION; SURVIVAL; ANIMALS AB Techniques for estimation of absolute abundance of wildlife Populations have received a lot of attention in recent years, The statistical research has been focused on intensive small-scale studies. Recently. however. wildlife biologists have desired to study populations of animals at very large scales for monitoring purposes. Population indices are widely used in these extensive monitoring programs because they are inexpensive compared to estimates of absolute abundance. A crucial underlying assumption is that the population index (0 is directly proportional to the Population density (D), The proportionality constant.. is simply the probability of 'detection' for animals in the survey. As spatial and temporal comparisons of indices are crucial, it is necessary to also assume that the probability of detection is constant over space and time. Biologists intuitively recognize this when they design rigid protocols for the studies where the indices are collected. Unfortunately. however, in many field studies the assumption is clearly invalid. We believe that the estimation of detection probability should be built into the monitoring design through a double sampling approach. A large sample of points provides an abundance index, and a smaller sub-sample of the same point,, is used to estimate detection probability. There is an important need for statistical research on the design and analysis of these complex studies. Some basic concepts based on actual avian. amphibian, and fish monitoring studies are presented in this article. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons Ltd. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, NC Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Box 8203, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 NR 43 TC 246 Z9 260 U1 19 U2 154 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1180-4009 EI 1099-095X J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD MAR PY 2002 VL 13 IS 2 BP 105 EP 119 DI 10.1002/env.514 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 530WW UT WOS:000174382800002 ER PT J AU Bonar, SA Hubert, WA AF Bonar, SA Hubert, WA TI Standard sampling of inland fish: Benefits, challenges, and a call for action SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material AB There are many examples of how standardization of procedures in production and data collection have led to remarkable advances in industry and science, but standardization is lacking regarding protocols for sampling fish populations in inland, freshwater systems. Reasons given why biologists often resist standardized sampling protocols include perceptions that differences in regions invalidate standard techniques; use of standard sampling is costly and reduces innovation by regional biologists; the variation already present in nature masks any gains introduced by standardization; and historical trend data is lost. We examine these reasons and provide procedures that may serve as a template by describing how development and implementation of standardized sampling protocols were achieved by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. These procedures included obtaining support from high-level management within the agency and input from a wide variety of sources; emphasizing benefits to management biologists; designing procedures to be simple and cost-effective; minimizing variation in catchability and maximizing catch; providing techniques for determining sample sizes; and field testing, reviewing methods, and training crews before implementation. Standardization can provide clear benefits and we discuss the option of developing nation-wide or continent-wide standards with leadership by the American Fisheries Society. C1 Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 28 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAR PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2002)027<0010:SSOIF>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 530FF UT WOS:000174345400018 ER PT J AU Margraf, FJ Knight, CT AF Margraf, FJ Knight, CT TI Evaluation of fish sampling using rotenone in a navigation lock SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE navigable rivers; population assessments; riverine fishes; rotenone; sampling AB Annual sampling in locks with rotenone has been a principal means of assessing fish populations in the commercially navigable portions of the Ohio River. Despite extensive use, sampling in locks with rotenone and interpretation of the data obtained have not been adequately evaluated. The purpose of our study was to determine the degree of inter- and intra-seasonal variation in lock samples, estimate correction factors (CFs) for fish recovery rates, and compare lock samples to other fish collections from the navigational pools above and below the lock. Lock samples from all seasons had a greater proportion of pelagic and demersal fish than samples from the navigational pools, which contained greater proportions of littoral species. CF for non-recovery of fish were determined. Spring and summer lock collections yielded several more species and estimates of overall fish biomass were an order of magnitude higher than fall collections. Within season variation between lock samples was relatively low; however, variation in lock samples among seasons was high, equivalent to that seen among the annual samples from the 1980s. Thus, single-season sampling may not be adequate, and fall may be the least preferred season. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Margraf, FJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, POB 757020, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 55 IS 1-3 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1016/S0165-7836(01)00298-3 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 515KX UT WOS:000173495700024 ER PT J AU Wood, WW Sanford, WE Al Habshi, ARS AF Wood, WW Sanford, WE Al Habshi, ARS TI Source of solutes to the coastal sabkha of Abu Dhabi SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Arabian Gulf; Abu Dhabi; brine; sabkha environment; salt flat ID PERSIAN-GULF; ARABIAN GULF; DOLOMITE; BRINES AB An ascending-brine model is proposed to address the observed isotope geochemistry, solute composition, and solute and water fluxes in the coastal sabkha of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Mass-balance measurements document that >95% of the solutes are derived from ascending continental brines; minor amounts are derived from rainfall and from groundwater entering from upgradient areas. Nearly 100% of the annual water loss is from evaporation and not lateral discharge. Direct rainfall on the sabkha and subsequent recharge to the underlying aquifer account for similar to90% of the annual water input to the system; the remaining 10% comes from both lateral and ascending groundwater flow. Thus, the water and solutes in this system are from different sources. Solute concentrations of conservative (i.e., nonreactive) elements in the coastal, sabkba-covered aquifer are consistent with the fluid pore volumes of ascending brine calculated from hydrologic properties. Calcium to sulfate ratios and sulfur isotopes are consistent with this source of solute from the underlying Tertiary formations. Recharging rainwater dissolves halite and other soluble minerals on the surface, causing the solution to become more dense and sink to the bottom of the aquifer where it vertically mixes with less dense ascending brines. Solutes are returned to the surface by capillary forces and recycled or lost from the system by eolian or fluvial processes. Thus, the system becomes vertically mixed, consistent with the presence of tritium throughout the aquifer; but there is essentially no horizontal mixing of seawater with groundwater. The observed seawater solutes in the supratidal zone come from interstitial seawater trapped by the rapid progradation of the sediments into the Arabian Gulf and are not refluxed or laterally mixed. The ascending-brine model contrasts significantly with both the seawater-flooding and evaporative-pumping models previously proposed as a source of solutes to the coastal sabkha of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Use of these earlier models leads to incorrect conclusions and raises serious questions about their applicability in the evaluation of sabkhat in the geologic record. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Abu Dhabi Natl Oil Co, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. RP Wood, WW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 430 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM wwwood@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 114 IS 3 BP 259 EP 268 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0259:SOSTTC>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 530TB UT WOS:000174374100001 ER PT J AU Rech, JA Quade, J Betancourt, JL AF Rech, JA Quade, J Betancourt, JL TI Late Quaternary paleohydrology of the central Atacama Desert (lat 22 degrees-24 degrees S), Chile SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Atacama Desert; wetlands; springs; paleohydrology; South America ID TROPICAL SOUTH-AMERICA; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE CONCENTRATION; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; NORTHERN CHILE; BOLIVIAN ALTIPLANO; LAKE-TITICACA; CENTRAL ANDES; AMAZON BASIN; AGE CALIBRATION; CLIMATE CHANGES AB In northern Chile, precipitation in the High Andes (>3500 m) recharges groundwater systems that flow down the Pacific slope and feed large aquifers in the hyperarid Atacama Desert. Wetlands, which are often found along the base of the Andes, mark locations where the water table intersects the land surface. At these locations, paleo-wetland deposits, which are present as terraces between 3 and 20 m above modern wetlands, record past water-table heights along the Andean front and are used to reconstruct changes in groundwater discharge. Paleo-wetland deposits in the central Atacama Desert (lat 22degrees-24degreesS) record an episode (>15.4-9 ka) of high water tables followed by an episode (18-3 ka) of moderately high water tables. Elevated water tables result from increased groundwater discharge and ultimately from enhanced recharge in the Andes. The concordance of results from three separate hydrologic systems suggests that changes in groundwater discharge and recharge are regional and reflect climatic fluctuations. This interpretation is supported by close agreement with other paleoclimatic records in the region. The periods of greater groundwater discharge were separated by episodes (9-8 and 3-0 ka) of significant groundwater lowering and stream incision, implying greatly diminished discharge. The central Atacama and Andes (lat 22degrees24degreesS) receive precipitation mainly from moist air masses transported from the Amazon Basin by the South American Summer Monsoon (SASM). Increases in groundwater recharge are therefore thought to reflect an increase in the frequency and/or moisture content or SASM air masses crossing the Andes. Fluctuations in SASM precipitation have previously been linked to summer insolation in the Southern Hemisphere. The wettest period in the central Atacama (>15.4-9 ka), however, coincides with a minimum in austral-summer insolation at 10 ka, suggesting that regional summer insolation is not a dominant influence on the SASM. Instead, intensification of the SASM may be linked to extraregional forcings, such as the Walker Circulation. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, 1675 W Anklam Rd, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. EM jrech@geo.arizona.edu NR 72 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 18 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 114 IS 3 BP 334 EP 348 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0334:LQPOTC>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 530TB UT WOS:000174374100007 ER PT J AU Latorre, C Betancourt, JL Rylander, KA Quade, J AF Latorre, C Betancourt, JL Rylander, KA Quade, J TI Vegetation invasions into absolute desert: A 45 000 yr rodent midden record from the Calama-Salar de Atacama basins, northern Chile (lat 22 degrees-24 degrees S) SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE Atacama Desert; late quaternary; middens; monsoons; northern Chile; paleoecology ID TROPICAL SOUTH-AMERICA; ADJACENT ANDEAN AREA; SUMMERTIME PRECIPITATION; BOLIVIAN ALTIPLANO; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EASTERN SAHARA; CULTURE CHANGE; EARLY HOLOCENE; LAKE-TITICACA; SMALL MAMMALS AB Plant macrofossils, percentage abundance of grass taxa, fecal-pellet delta(13)C, and plant-cuticle contents from 49 fossil rodent middens dated by C-14 record changes in local vegetation and precipitation since 45 ka (calibrated or measured to thousands of calendar years before present) in the central Atacama Desert (fat 22degrees24degreesS) of northern Chile. The midden sites are along the hyperarid upper margin (2400-3100 m) of the "absolute desert," in an extreme environment sparsely vegetated by annual herbs and halophytic shrubs. Conditions between 40 and 22 ka may have been at least intermittently dry, and possibly cooler, as implied by four middens with low species richness. We infer a large increase in summer rainfall between 16.2 and 10.5 ka on the basis of the lowering of steppe grasses by as much as 1000 m, prominence of C, grasses and summer annuals, high species richness, and displacement of northern species at least 50 kin south of their modern ranges. The precipitation increase was greatest for a cluster of middens between 11.8 and 10.5 ka. Abrupt drying, evident in a dramatic decrease in grass abundance, occurred after 10.5 ka at all four midden localities. Increased percentages of grass, higher species richness, and extralocal taxa record slightly wetter conditions between 7.1 and 3.5 ka. The present hyperarid conditions were established after 3 ka. Present-day variability of summer precipitation in the central Atacama Desert and adjacent Altiplano is related to the intensity and position of upper air circulation anomalies, which in turn respond to Pacific sea-surface temperature anomalies. Summer insolation over the central Andes (lat 20degreesS) was at its minimum during the latest glacial to early Holocene transition, so regional insolation forcing cannot account for intensified pluvial conditions in the central Atacama. Summer precipitation collapsed abruptly between 10.5 and 10 ka, indicating either nonlinear relationships with seasonal insolation or a change in intensity of upper air circulation over the Altiplano, effectively blocking moisture transport to the Atacama Desert. Here, we suggest that precipitation variations on millennial time scales in the central Atacama are the result of extraregional forcing of the South American Summer Monsoon through intensified Walker Circulation (stronger easterlies) and La Nina-like conditions operating through insolation anomalies (i.e., departures in insolation values) directly over central Asia and the equatorial Pacific. C1 Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol, Lab Palinol, Santiago, Chile. US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Latorre, C (reprint author), Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol, Lab Palinol, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile. RI Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/E-6805-2012 OI Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/0000-0003-4708-7599 NR 104 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 25 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 114 IS 3 BP 349 EP 366 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0349:VIIADA>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 530TB UT WOS:000174374100008 ER PT J AU Eppes, MC McFadden, LD Matti, J Powell, R AF Eppes, MC McFadden, LD Matti, J Powell, R TI Influence of soil development on the geomorphic evolution of landscapes: An example from the Transverse Ranges of California SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil; landscape evolution; tectonics; folds; erosion; San Bernardino Mountains ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; JOAQUIN VALLEY; DESERT; DEFORMATION; TECTONICS; CLIMATE; FAULT; FAN AB Soil development can significantly influence the topographic evolution of a tectonically deforming mountain piedmont. Faults and folds associated with the North Frontal thrust system deform piedmont sediments of variable compositions along the north flank of the San Bernardino Mountains. The topographic expressions of folds with similar structural characteristics diverge appreciably, primarily as a function of differences in sediment composition and associated soil development. Soils with petrocalcic horizons in limestone-rich deposits are resistant to erosion, and anticlinal folds form prominent ridges. Folds forming in granite-derived deposits with argillic soil horizons are eroded and/or buried and are therefore topographically less pronounced. We propose that these landform contrasts can be explained by differences in soil-controlled hydrologic and erosion characteristics of deposits without calling upon changes in tectonic style along the mountain front. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. US Geol Survey, Spokane, WA 99201 USA. RP Eppes, MC (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0195:IOSDOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 530TC UT WOS:000174374200001 ER PT J AU Saffer, DM Bekins, BA AF Saffer, DM Bekins, BA TI Hydrologic controls on the morphology and mechanics of accretionary wedges SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE accretionary wedges; Leg 110; Leg 146; Leg 190; pore-water pressure; subduction zones ID THRUST BELTS; FLOW-RATES; PRESSURES; POROSITY; COMPLEX; PRISMS AB At many subduction zones, accretionary complexes form as sediments are offseraped from the subducting plate. Existing mechanical models that treat accretionary complexes as critically tapered wedges of sediment demonstrate that pore pressure controls their taper angle by modifying rock strength. We combine a model of groundwater flow with critical-taper theory to show that permeability and plate-convergence rate are important controls on accretionary wedge geometry through their influence on pore pressure. Low permeability and rapid convergence sustain nearly undrained conditions and shallowly tapered geometry, whereas high permeability and slow convergence result in steep geometry. Our results are generally in good agreement with data from active accretionary complexes, but also illustrate the importance of other factors, such as incoming sediment thickness and stratigraphy. One key implication is that strain rate and hydrologic properties may strongly influence the strength of the crust in a variety of geologic settings. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Saffer, DM (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 21 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 271 EP 274 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0271:HCOTMA>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 530TC UT WOS:000174374200020 ER PT J AU Adams, MJ Bury, RB AF Adams, MJ Bury, RB TI The endemic headwater stream amphibians of the American Northwest: associations with environmental gradients in a large forested preserve SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Ascaphus truei; Dicamptodon copei; environmental gradients; geology; headwater streams; north America; Olympic National Park; preserves; Rhyacotriton olympicus; substrate ID YOUNG GROWTH FORESTS; TAILED FROG; COASTAL CALIFORNIA; ASCAPHUS-TRUEI; SALAMANDER; HABITAT AB We used a large forested preserve (Olympic National Park, USA) to examine the habitat associations of a unique and environmentally sensitive stream amphibian fauna: Ascaphus truei Stegneger, Rhyacotriton olympicus (Gaige) and Dicamptodon copei Nussbaum. We quantified the relative abundance of stream amphibians and compared them to physical, topographic, climatic and landscape variables. All three species were associated with the south-west to north-east climate gradient, tending to be most abundant in the south-west. Although a habitat generalist relative to the other two species, Dicamptodon copei was absent from the north-eastern portion of the park. Ascaphus truei and Rhyacotriton olympicus were both associated with coarse substrates and steep gradients. Unlike studies in harvested forests, all stream amphibians were common in waters with unconsolidated surface geology (e.g. marine sediments that erode easily). Studies of ecological preserves can provide an important baseline for evaluating species associations with environmental gradients and can reveal patterns not evident in more disturbed landscapes. C1 USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Adams, MJ (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Michael_Adams@usgs.gov; buryb@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 11 IS 2 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2002.00272.x PG 10 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 536PR UT WOS:000174711600008 ER PT J AU Anderson, MP Hunt, RJ Krohelski, JT Chung, KP AF Anderson, MP Hunt, RJ Krohelski, JT Chung, KP TI Using high hydraulic conductivity nodes to simulate seepage lakes SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER; FLOW AB In a typical ground water flow model, lakes are represented by specified head nodes requiring that lake levels be known a priori. To remove this limitation, previous researchers assigned high hydraulic conductivity (K) values to nodes that represent a lake, under the assumption that the simulated head at the nodes in the high-K zone accurately reflects lake level. The solution should also produce a constant water level across the lake. We developed a model of a simple hypothetical ground water/lake system to test whether solutions using high-K lake nodes are sensitive to the value of K selected to represent the lake. Results show that the larger the contrast between the K of the aquifer and the K of the lake nodes, the smaller the error tolerance required for the solution to converge. For our test problem, a contrast of three orders of magnitude produced a head difference across the lake of 0.005 m under a regional gradient of the order of 10(-3) m/m, while a contrast of four orders of magnitude produced a head difference of 0.001 m. The high-K method was then used to simulate lake levels in Pretty Lake, Wisconsin. Results for both the hypothetical system and the application to Pretty Lake compared favorably with results using a lake package developed for MODFLOW (Merritt and Konikow 2000). While our results demonstrate that the high-K method accurately simulates lake levels, this method has more cumbersome postprocessing and longer run times than the same problem simulated using the lake package. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Montgomery Watson Harza, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Anderson, MP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 2 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02496.x PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 530DV UT WOS:000174341100002 PM 11916116 ER PT J AU Kelson, VA Hunt, RJ Haitjema, HM AF Kelson, VA Hunt, RJ Haitjema, HM TI Improving a regional model using reduced complexity and parameter estimation SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID WATER FLOW; GROUNDWATER; CALIBRATION AB The availability of powerful desktop computers and graphical user interfaces for ground water flow models makes possible the construction of ever more complex models. A proposed copper-zinc sulfide mine in northern Wisconsin offers a unique case in which the same hydrologic system has been modeled using a variety of techniques covering a wide range of sophistication and complexity. Early in the permitting process, simple numerical models were used to evaluate the necessary amount of water to be pumped from the mine, reductions in streamflow, and the drawdowns in the regional aquifer. More complex models have subsequently been used in an attempt to refine the predictions. Even after so much modeling effort, questions regarding the accuracy and reliability of the predictions remain. We have performed a new analysis of the proposed mine using the two-dimensional analytic element code GFLOW coupled with the nonlinear parameter estimation code UCODE. The new model is parsimonious, containing fewer than 10 parameters, and covers a region several times larger in areal extent than any of the previous models. The model demonstrates the suitability of analytic element codes for use with parameter estimation codes. The simplified model results are similar to the more complex models; predicted mine inflows and UCODE-derived 95% confidence intervals are consistent with the previous predictions. More important, the large areal extent of the model allowed us to examine hydrological features not included in the previous models, resulting in new insights about the effects that far-field boundary conditions can have on near-field model calibration and parameterization. In this case, the addition of surface water runoff into a lake in the headwaters of a stream while holding recharge constant moved a regional ground watershed divide and resulted in some of the added water being captured by the adjoining basin. Finally, a simple analytical solution was used to clarify the GFLOW model's prediction that, for a model that is properly calibrated for heads, regional drawdowns are relatively unaffected by the choice of aquifer properties, but that mine inflows are strongly affected. Paradoxically, by reducing model complexity, we have increased the understanding gained from the modeling effort. C1 S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Kelson, VA (reprint author), WHPA Inc, 3208 W 8th St, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 2 BP 132 EP 143 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02498.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 530DV UT WOS:000174341100004 PM 11916118 ER PT J AU Harte, PT AF Harte, PT TI Comparison of temporal trends in VOCs as measured with PDB samplers and low-flow sampling methods SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB The effectiveness of passive diffusion bag (pdb) samplers in the measurement of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is dependent on a number of factors. At some sites and wells, pdb sampling methods provide an attractive alternative to other sampling methods. In this discussion, I provide two examples of comparisons of temporal trends in tetrachloroethylene (PCE) concentrations from passive and low-flow sampling methods. At the example field site, large changes in PCE concentrations occurred over the deployment period(s) of the pdb samplers, yet the concentrations from the pdb samples are similar to the low-flow samples and the overall trends are the same. C1 USGS, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. RP Harte, PT (reprint author), USGS, 361 Commerce Way, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2 BP 45 EP 47 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2002.tb00311.x PG 3 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 555WB UT WOS:000175815300003 ER PT J AU Walls, SC Taylor, DG Wilson, CM AF Walls, SC Taylor, DG Wilson, CM TI Interspecific differences in susceptibility to competition and predation in a species-pair of larval amphibians SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE amphibians; competition; Hyla squirella; Gastrophryne carolinensis; predation; species' coexistence; tadpoles ID ANURAN LARVAE; CHEMICAL CUES; LIFE-HISTORY; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; GAMBUSIA-AFFINIS; TADPOLES; RANA; SELECTION AB Fundamental issues in the study of predator-prey interactions include addressing how prey coexist with their predators and, moreover, whether predators promote coexistence among competing prey. We conducted a series of laboratory experiments with a freshwater assemblage consisting of two predators that differd in their foraging modes ( a crayfish, Procambarus sp., and the western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis) and their prospective anuran prey (tadpoles of the narrow-mouthed toad, Gastrophyrne carolinensis, and the squirrel treefrog, Hyla squirella). We examined whether competition occurs within and between these two prey species and, if so, whether the non-lethal presence of predators alters the outcome of competitive interactions. We also asked whether the two species of prey differ in their susceptibility to the two types of predators and whether interspecific differences in predator avoidance behavior might account for this variation. Our results indicated that Gastrophyrne was a stringer competitor than Hyla at high densities of surviving conspecifics that metamorphosed. However, the presence of mosquitofish did not alter the outcome of this competition, nor did either type of predator affect the density-dependent responses of Gastrophryne. In laboratory foraging trials, the number of tadpoles of each species that was killed, but not completely consumed by mosquitofish, was similar for Gastrophryne and Hyla. Yet, significantly more individualsof Gastrophryne than of Hyla were killed and completely eaten by mosquitofish at the end of the experiment. The two species of prey did not differ in their spatial avoidance of either type of predator, suggesting that this behavior did not play a significant role in the differential vulnerability of the prey to predation. By reducing the abundance og G. carolinensis, the potential exists for predators, such as mosquitofish to ameliorate this species' competitive impact on other species. In this way, predators may promote coexistence of species withi some assemblages of amphibians. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Walls, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 13 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD MAR PY 2002 VL 58 IS 1 BP 104 EP 118 DI 10.1655/0018-0831(2002)058[0104:IDISTC]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 527EB UT WOS:000174172700009 ER PT J AU Ferrick, MG Calkins, DJ Perron, NM Cragin, JH Kendall, C AF Ferrick, MG Calkins, DJ Perron, NM Cragin, JH Kendall, C TI Diffusion model validation and interpretation of stable isotopes in river and lake ice SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE stable isotopes; congelation ice; river ice; lake ice; fractionation; diffusion model validation ID WEDDELL SEA; FRACTIONATION; OXYGEN; WATER AB The stable isotope stratigraphy of river- and lake-ice archives winter hydroclimatic conditions, and can potentially be used to identify changing water sources or to provide important insights into ice formation processes and growth rates. However, accurate interpretations rely on known isotopic fractionation during ice growth. A one-dimensional diffusion model of the liquid boundary layer adjacent to an advancing solid interface, originally developed to simulate solute rejection by growing crystals, has been used without verification to describe non-equilibrium fractionation during congelation ice growth. Results are not in agreement, suggesting the presence of important uncertainties. In this paper we seek validation of the diffusion model for this application using large-scale laboratory experiments with controlled freezing rates and frequent sampling. We obtained consistent, almost constant, isotopic boundary layer thicknesses over a representative range of ice growth rates on both quiescent and well-mixed water. With the O-18 boundary layer thickness from the laboratory, the model successfully quantified reduced river-ice growth rates relative to those of a nearby fake. These results were more representative and easier to obtain than those of a conventional thermal ice-growth model. This diffusion model validation and boundary layer thickness determination provide a powerful tool for interpreting the stable isotope stratigraphy of floating ice. The laboratory experiment also replicated successive fractionation events in response to a freeze-thaw-refreeze cycle, providing a mechanism for apparent ice fractionation that exceeds equilibrium. Analysis of the composition of snow ice and frazil ice in river and lake cores indicated surprising similarities between these ice forms. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ferrick, MG (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM mferrick@crrel.usace.army.mil NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 SI SI BP 851 EP 872 DI 10.1002/hyp.374 PG 22 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 527VG UT WOS:000174208200008 ER PT J AU Annear, TC Hubert, W Simpkins, D Hebdon, L AF Annear, TC Hubert, W Simpkins, D Hebdon, L TI Behavioural and physiological response of trout to winter habitat in tailwaters in Wyoming, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE trout; salmonidae; winter; tailwaters; regulated rivers; behaviour; survival ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK TROUT; TEMPERATURE; RIVER; MOVEMENTS; CONSEQUENCES; SURVIVAL; STREAMS; INSECTS AB Fisheries managers have often suggested that survival of trout during the winter is a major factor affecting population densities in many stream ecosystems in the Rocky Mountains. In Wyoming, trout population reductions from fall to spring in excess of 90% have been documented in some reservoir tailwaters. Though biologists have surmised that these reductions were the result of either mortality or emigration from some river sections, the specific mechanisms have not been defined and the factors leading to the trout loss are unknown. This is a review of four studies that were conducted or funded between 1991 and 1998 by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department to understand the extent of overwinter losses, identify some of the mechanisms leading to those conditions and develop management strategies to help avoid those impacts. Winter studies were conducted on tailwater fisheries in the Green, North Platte, Bighorn and Shoshone rivers to document trout population dynamics, assess physical habitat availability, evaluate trout movement and habitat selection, and understand the relationships between food availability and bioenergetic relationships. Results indicate that winter trout losses are extreme in some years, that trout movement and habitat selection are affected by supercooled flows, and that mortality is probably not directly due to starvation. The combination of physiological impairment with frequently altered habitat availability probably leads to indirect mortality from predators and other factors. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Cheyenne, WY 82006 USA. Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Nampa, ID 83686 USA. RP Annear, TC (reprint author), Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, 5400 Bishop Blvd, Cheyenne, WY 82006 USA. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 SI SI BP 915 EP 925 DI 10.1002/hyp.376 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 527VG UT WOS:000174208200012 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Meyer, DJ AF Lu, Z Meyer, DJ TI Study of high SAR backscattering caused by an increase of soil moisture over a sparsely vegetated area: implications for characteristics of backscattering SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID APERTURE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SURFACE; VOLCANO; RETRIEVAL; ALASKA AB We used interferometric methods on a pair of repeat-pass ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to study soil moisture changes over sparsely vegetated targets. The intensity of the SAR image acquired at one time was higher than that of an image acquired at an earlier time. We used a correlation image computed from the SAR image pair to study the cause of the observed changes in SAR intensity. Because a reduction of correlation over areas with intensity changes was not observed, we interpreted the intensity changes as not being caused by changes in roughness/structure, but by a change in soil moisture owing to rainfall. An increase in soil moisture ranging from 5% to 20% is the most likely explanation for the increase of intensity. These analyses imply that both intensity and phase information should be used in SAR change detection applications. C1 US Geol Survey, Raytheon ITSS, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Raytheon STX Corp, Lanham, MD USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Raytheon ITSS, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1063 EP 1074 DI 10.1080/01431160110040035 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 529JG UT WOS:000174295900004 ER PT J AU Sillett, TS Holmes, RT AF Sillett, TS Holmes, RT TI Variation in survivorship of a migratory songbird throughout its annual cycle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian demography; capture-recapture models; Dendroica caerulescens; Nearctic-Neotropical migrant birds; population ecology; seasonal and annual survival ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; SURVIVAL RATES; POPULATION LIMITATION; DENDROICA-CAERULESCENS; POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT; OVERWINTER SURVIVAL; HABITAT QUALITY; MARKED ANIMALS AB 1. Demographic data from both breeding and non-breeding periods are needed to manage populations of migratory birds, many of which are declining in abundance and are of conservation concern. Although habitat associations. and to a lesser extent, reproductive biology, are known for many migratory species. few studies have measured survival rates of these birds at different parts of their annual cycle. 2. Cormack-Jolly-Seber models and Akaike's information criterion model selection were used to investigate seasonal variation in survival of a Nearctic - Neotropical migrant songbird, the black-throated blue warbler, Dendroica caerulescens. Seasonal and annual survival,were estimated from resightings of colour-ringed individuals on breeding grounds in New Hampshire, USA from 1986 to 2000 and on winter quarters in Jamaica, West Indies from 1986 to 1999. Warblers were studied each year during the May-August breeding period in New Hampshire and during the October-March overwinter period in Jamaica. 3. In New Hampshire, males had higher annual survival (0.51 +/- 0.03) and recapture probabilities (0.93 +/- 0.03) than did females (survival: 0.40 +/- 0.04 recapture: 0.87 +/- 0.06). In Jamaica, annual survival (0.43 +/- 0.03) and recapture (0.95 +/- 0.04) probabilities did not differ between sexes. Annual survival and recapture probabilities of young birds (i.e. yearlings in New Hampshire and hatch-year birds in Jamaica) did not differ from adults. indicating that from the time hatch-year individuals acquire territories on winter quarters in mid-October, they survive as well as adults within the same habitat. 4. Monthly survival probabilities during the summer (May-August) and winter (October-March) stationary periods were high: 1.0 for males in New Hampshire, and 0.99 +/- 0.01 for males in Jamaica and for females in both locations. 5. These annual and seasonal survival estimates were used to calculate warbler survival for the migratory periods. Monthly survival probability during migration ranged from 0.77 to 0.81 +/- 0.02. Thus, apparent mortality rates were at least 15 times higher during migration compared to that in the stationary periods, and more than 85% of apparent annual mortality of D. caerulescens occurred during migration. 6. Additional data from multiple species, especially measures of habitat-specific demography and dispersal, will improve our understanding of the relative impacts of the breeding, migratory, and winter periods on population dynamics of migratory birds and thus enhance future conservation efforts. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Sillett, TS (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM silletts@nzp.si.edu NR 97 TC 421 Z9 432 U1 21 U2 155 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 71 IS 2 BP 296 EP 308 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00599.x PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 541LU UT WOS:000174986700013 ER PT J AU Blazer, VS Lilley, JH Schill, WB Kiryu, Y Densmore, CL Panyawachira, V Chinabut, S AF Blazer, VS Lilley, JH Schill, WB Kiryu, Y Densmore, CL Panyawachira, V Chinabut, S TI Aphanomyces invadans in Atlantic menhaden along the East Coast of the United States SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID EPIZOOTIC ULCERATIVE SYNDROME; RED SPOT DISEASE; SYNDROME EUS; BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS; FUNGAL PATHOGEN; MUGIL-CEPHALUS; MYCOSIS; FISH; DNA; POLYMERASE AB The cause of deeply penetrating ulcers of Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus has been the subject of significant research efforts in recent years. These lesions and the associated syndrome termed ulcerative mycosis have been observed along the East Coast of the United States since at least the early 1980s. Although Aphanomyces spp. were isolated from these lesions in the mid to late 1980s, similar lesions could not be reproduced by experimental infections of Atlantic menhaden with these isolates. The identical characteristic histologic appearance of granulomatous inflammation surrounding the penetrating fungal hyphae occurs in fish with epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), as reported throughout South Asia, Japan, and Australia. Aphanomyces invadans has been found to be the causative agent of EUS in all of these countries. Using methods developed for the study of EUS, we successfully isolated an organism for which the DNA sequence, morphology, temperature and salinity growth characteristics, and infectivity of chevron snakehead Channa striata are identical to A. invadans. Using the polymerase chain reaction assay for A. invadans, we were able to demonstrate the presence of the organism from Atlantic menhaden lesions collected in U.S. estuarine waters from Delaware to South Carolina. In addition, the organism was present in lesions on a bluegill Lepomis macrochirus from a farm pond in Georgia and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus from a farm pond in Louisiana. C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Stirling, Inst Aquaculture, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Kasetsart Univ, Dept Fisheries, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Inst, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. RP Blazer, VS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 1700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM vicki_blazer@usgs.gov RI K, Raghavan/G-7737-2016; OI K, Raghavan/0000-0003-3404-5082; Lilley, James/0000-0001-8324-1683; Schill, William/0000-0002-9217-984X NR 31 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014<0001:AIIAMA>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 539UX UT WOS:000174891000001 ER PT J AU Kiryu, Y Shields, JD Vogelbein, WK Zwerner, DE Kator, H Blazer, VS AF Kiryu, Y Shields, JD Vogelbein, WK Zwerner, DE Kator, H Blazer, VS TI Induction of skin ulcers in Atlantic menhaden by injection and aqueous exposure to the zoospores of Aphanomyces invadans SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ULCERATIVE SYNDROME EUS; ESTUARINE FISH; PFIESTERIA-PISCICIDA; BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; UNITED-STATES; MYCOSIS UM; DISEASE; DINOFLAGELLATE; HISTOPATHOLOGY AB The infectivity and role of Aphanomyces invadans in the etiology of skin ulcers in Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus were investigated with two laboratory challenges. In the first experiment, Atlantic menhaden received subcutaneous injections with secondary zoospores from one of three cultures of Aphanomyces: WIC (an endemic isolate of A. invadans in Atlantic menhaden from the Wicomico River, Maryland), PA7 (an isolate of A. invadans from striped snakehead Channa striata (also known as chevron snakehead), infected with epizootic ulcerative syndrome from Thailand), and ATCC-62427 (an isolate from Atlantic menhaden from North Carolina). Fish were injected with 1.9 x 10(2) (WIC-IOW), 1.9 x 10(3) (WIC-high), 5.2 x 10(2) (PA7), or 6.0 x 10(2) (ATCC-62427) zoospores and held in static water at 23.5degreesC (6parts per thousand salinity) for 21 d. Both low and high doses of WIC caused incipient, granulomatous lesions after 5 d. Fish injected with the high-dose WIC died within 7 d. All fish injected with the low-dose WIC were dead after 10 d. Fish injected with zoospores of PA7 developed lesions after 9 d. Fish injected with the ATCC-62427 isolate or those that received subcutaneous injections of sterile water (controls) did not develop lesions, In the second experiment, fish were bath-exposed with zoospores of the WIC isolate after various trauma-inducing treatments. These treatments consisted of handling fish with a net (net stress, exposed for 2 h to either 70 or 700 zoospores/mL), physically removing a few scales (trauma, exposed for 1 h to 700 zoospores/mL), or acclimating fish with less handling (acclimated, untraumatized, exposed for 5.5 h to 110 zoospores/mL). Unexposed fish served as controls. Mortality ranged from 94% to 100% for net-handled and traumatized fish, with the prevalence of ulcerous lesions ranging from 70% to 79% in net-handled fish. However, mortality was 24% for the "untraumatized" fish and the prevalence of lesions was 32%. Fish injected with or exposed to bath challenges of zoospores developed lesions that were grossly and histologically identical to those observed in naturally infected Atlantic menhaden from several estuaries and rivers along the mid-Atlantic coast of the USA. The deeply penetrating ulcers were characterized by dermatitis, myofibrillar degeneration, and deep, necrotizing granulomatous myositis. Experimentally induced lesions, however, exhibited invasiveness, often involving the kidney. Injected or bath-exposed fish developed incipient granulomas after 5 d, which progressed to overt lesions over 7-9 d. We have here demonstrated that ulcerative skin lesions can be experimentally induced in Atlantic menhaden after exposure to oomycete zoospores of an endemic strain of A. invadans. C1 Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Shields, JD (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM jeff@vims.edu NR 44 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 11 EP 24 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014<0011:IOSUIA>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 539UX UT WOS:000174891000002 ER PT J AU Emmenegger, EJ Kurath, G AF Emmenegger, EJ Kurath, G TI Genetic characterization of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus of coastal salmonid stocks in Washington State SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FISH RHABDOVIRUS; DIVERSITY; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; GLYCOPROTEIN; EVOLUTION AB Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a pathogen that infects many Pacific salmonid stocks from the watersheds of North America. Previous studies have thoroughly characterized the genetic diversity of IHNV isolates from Alaska and the Hagerman Valley in Idaho. To enhance understanding of the evolution and viral transmission patterns of IHNV within the Pacific Northwest geographic range, we analyzed the G gene of IHNV isolates from the coastal watersheds of Washington State by ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) and nucleotide sequencing. The RPA analysis of 23 isolates indicated that the Skagit basin IHNV isolates were relatively homogeneous as a result of the dominance of one G gene haplotype (S). Sequence analysis of 303 bases in the middle of the G gene (midG region) of 61 isolates confirmed the high frequency of a Skagit River basin sequence and identified another sequence commonly found in isolates from the Lake Washington basin. Overall, both the RPA and sequence analysis showed that the Washington coastal IHNV isolates are genetically homogeneous and have little genetic diversity. This is similar to the genetic diversity pattern of IHNV from Alaska and contrasts sharply with the high genetic diversity demonstrated for IHNV isolates from fish farms along the Snake River in Idaho. The high degree of sequence and haplotype similarity between the Washington coastal IHNV isolates and those from Alaska and British Columbia suggests that they have a common viral ancestor. Phylogenetic analyses of the isolates we studied and those from different regions throughout the virus's geographic range confirms a conserved pattern of evolution of the virus in salmonid stocks north of the Columbia River, which forms Washington's southern border. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Emmenegger, EJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014<0025:GCOIHN>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 539UX UT WOS:000174891000003 ER PT J AU Hershberger, PK Stick, K Bui, B Carroll, C Fall, B Mork, C Perry, JA Sweeney, E Wittouck, J Winton, J Kocan, R AF Hershberger, PK Stick, K Bui, B Carroll, C Fall, B Mork, C Perry, JA Sweeney, E Wittouck, J Winton, J Kocan, R TI Incidence of Ichthyophonus hoferi in Puget Sound fishes and its increase with age of Pacific herring SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CLUPEA-PALLASI; WILD; INFECTION; ALASKA; CLADE; SEA AB A recent decrease in the mean age of adult Pacific herring Clupea pallasi in Puget Sound was associated with a high prevalence of Ichthyophonus hoferi, a protistan parasite that can be highly pathogenic to Pacific herring. In Puget Sound, high intensities of 1. hoferi infection may be maintained in older cohorts of Pacific herring because the prevalence of 1. hoferi increased with age from 12% among juveniles to 58% among the oldest, age-6 and older cohorts. Low intensities of L hoferi infection in the region may be maintained in alternative fish hosts, such as surf smelt Hypomesus pretiosus, Puget Sound rockfish Sebastes emphaeus, Pacific tomeod Microgadus proximus. and speckled sanddab Cithanichthys stigmaeus. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Fish Program Marine Resources, La Conner, WA 98257 USA. Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hershberger, PK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355100,1140 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 50 EP 56 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014<0050:IOIHIP>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 539UX UT WOS:000174891000007 ER PT J AU Pearson, S Betancourt, JL AF Pearson, S Betancourt, JL TI Understanding arid environments using fossil rodent middens SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE palaeoecology; rodent midden; radiocarbon; Quaternary; climate change ID NEST RAT LEPORILLUS; CENTRAL AUSTRALIA; SOUTH-AFRICA; HOLOCENE VEGETATION; NEOTOMA MIDDENS; CHACO CANYON; GREAT-BASIN; HYRAX DUNG; CLIMATE; HISTORY AB American rodent middens have made a more dramatic contribution to understanding past environments and the development of ecological theory than Australian rodent middens. This relates to differences in the natural environment, the landscape histories, the scale and scientific approaches of the researchers. The comparison demonstrates: the power of synoptic perspectives; the value of thorough macrofossil identification in midden analysis and its potential advance in Australia where pollen has dominated analyses, the value of herbaria and reference collections; the potential of environmental databases; the importance of scientific history and 'critical research mass' and; finally, the opportunistic nature of palaeoecological research. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Newcastle, Fac Sci & Math, Sch Geosci Geog, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia. US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Pearson, S (reprint author), Univ Newcastle, Fac Sci & Math, Sch Geosci Geog, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia. NR 100 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 499 EP 511 DI 10.1006/jare.2001.0901 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 542QG UT WOS:000175055400010 ER PT J AU Doherty, PF Grubb, TC AF Doherty, PF Grubb, TC TI Nest usurpation is an 'edge effect' for Carolina chickadees Poecile carolinensis SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; MARKED ANIMALS; HOUSE WRENS; PARUS-MAJOR; HABITAT; FOREST; FRAGMENTATION; DECLINE; POPULATIONS AB During 1995-1997, we monitored Carolina chickadee Poecile carolinensis nests in a fragmented forest landscape in northcentral Ohio, USA. Nest success was positively correlated with woodlot area and most nest loss was due to nest destruction by house wrens Troglodytes aedon. During 1998 and 1999, we conducted an experiment in both large (> 6.8 ha) and small (< 6.8 ha) woodlots in which we gave chickadees a choice of nesting on edges of woodlots (preferred wren habitat) or in the center of woodlots. We found no difference in nest success between large and small woodlots, but regardless of woodlot size, nest success was lower on edges than in the center. In the experiment, 100% of nest loss was due to nest destruction by house wrens. Given a choice, Carolina chickadees preferred to nest centrally more often than on edges. These results suggest that in fragmented landscapes where house wrens are common, nest destruction by house wrens is a major cause of nest failure in the Carolina chickadee. Such edge-dependent interspecific nest-site usurpation has not been previously recognized as a potentially important selective factor in nest site selection. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Doherty, PF (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad Off, 2730 Loker Ave,, W Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 1 BP 77 EP 82 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 540MG UT WOS:000174932300011 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE AF Keeley, JE TI Native American impacts on fire regimes of the California coastal ranges SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE burning; fire; Indians; chaparral; coastal sage scrub; lightning; landscape history; Native Americans; type conversion ID SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; SEED-GERMINATION; VEGETATION; GRASSLAND; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE; INVASION; HISTORY; RECORD; SHRUB AB Aim Native American burning impacts on California shrubland dominated landscapes are evaluated relative to the natural lightning fire potential for affecting landscape patterns. Location Focus was on the coastal ranges of central and southern California. Methods Potential patterns of Indian burning were evaluated based upon historical documents, ethnographic accounts, archaeological records and consideration of contemporary land management tactics. Patterns of vegetation distribution in this region were evaluated relative to environmental factors and the resilience of the dominant shrub vegetation to different fire frequencies. Results Lightning fire frequency in this region is one of the lowest in North America and the density of pre-Columbian populations was one of the highest. Shrublands dominate the landscape throughout most of the region. These woody communities have weak resilience to high fire frequency and are readily displaced by annual grasses and forbs under high fire frequency. Intact shrublands provided limited resources for native Americans and thus there was ample motivation for using fire to degrade this vegetation to an open mosaic of shrubland/grassland, not unlike the agropastoral modification of ecologically related shrublands by Holocene peoples in the Mediterranean Basin. Alien-dominated grasslands currently cover approximately one-quarter of the landscape and less than 1% of these grasslands have a significant native grass presence. Ecological studies in the Californian coastal ranges have failed to uncover any clear soil or climate factors explaining grassland and shrubland distribution patterns. Main conclusions Coastal ranges of California were regions of high Indian density and low frequency of lightning fires. The natural vegetation dominants on this landscape are shrubland vegetation that often form dense impenetrable stands with limited resources for Native Americans. Natural fire frequencies are not high enough to maintain these landscapes in habitable mixtures of shrublands and grasslands but such landscape mosaics are readily produced with additional human subsidy of ignitions. It is hypothesized that a substantial fraction of the landscape was type converted from shrubland to grassland and much of the landscape that underwent such type conversion has either been maintained by Euro-American land management practices or resisted recolonization of native shrublands. It appears that these patterns are disturbance dependent and result from anthropogenic alteration of landscapes initiated by Native Americans and sustained and expanded upon by Euro-American settlers. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Natl Pk, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Organism Biol Ecol & Evolut, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Natl Pk, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov NR 184 TC 106 Z9 109 U1 19 U2 99 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 303 EP 320 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00676.x PG 18 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 546AX UT WOS:000175250700001 ER PT J AU Warne, AG Guevara, EH Aslan, A AF Warne, AG Guevara, EH Aslan, A TI Late Quaternary evolution of the Orinoco Delta, Venezuela SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Orinoco Delta; Orinoco River; late Quaternary; late Pleistocene; Holocene; Venezuela; human impacts; Eastern Venezuela Basin; sea-level change; subsidence; paleoclimate; Guayana littoral current; Guiana Coast ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; RHINE-MEUSE DELTA; SEA-LEVEL RISE; SOUTH-AMERICA; DEPOSITIONAL PATTERNS; NORTHEASTERN COAST; FLUVIAL SYSTEMS; YANGTZE DELTA; NILE DELTA; HOLOCENE AB The modern Orinoco Delta is the latest of a series of stacked deltas that have infilled the Eastern Venezuelan Basin (EVB) since the Oligocene. During the late Pleistocene sea-level lowstand (20,000 to 16,000 yrs BP), bedrock control points at the position of the present delta apex prevented the river channel from incising as deeply as many other major river systems. Shallow seismic data indicate that the late Pleistocene Orinoco incised into the present continental shelf, where it formed a braided-river complex that transported sediment to a series of shelf-edge deltas. As sea level rose from 16,000 to 9,500 yrs BP, the Orinoco shoreline shifted rapidly landward, causing shallow-marine waves and currents to form a widespread transgressive sand unit. Decelerating sea-level rise and a warmer, wetter climate during the early Holocene (9,500 to 6,000 yrs BP) induced delta development within the relatively quiet-water environment of the EVB embayment. Sea level approached its present stand in the middle Holocene (6,000 to 3,000 yrs BP), and the Orinoco coast prograded, broadening the delta plain and infilling the EVB embayment. Significant quantities of Amazon sediment began to be transported to the Orinoco coast by littoral currents. Continued progradation in the late Holocene caused the constriction at Boca de Serpientes to alter nearshore and shelf hydrodynamics and subdivide the submarine delta into two distinct areas: the Atlantic shelf and the Gulf of Paria. The increased influence of littoral currents along the coast promoted mudcape development. Because most of the water and sediment were transported across the delta plain through the Rio Grande distributary in the southern delta, much of the central and northwestern delta plain became sediment starved, promoting widespread accumulation of peat deposits. Human impacts on the delta are mostly associated with the Volcan Dam on Cano Manamo. However, human activities have had relatively little effect on the delta processes and environments. C1 Univ Texas, Bur Econ Geol, Univ Stn, Austin, TX 78713 USA. RP Warne, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, GSA Ctr, 651 Fed Dr, Guaynabo, PR 00965 USA. NR 143 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 225 EP 253 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 560DY UT WOS:000176068400003 ER PT J AU Adams, C Wang, Y Loftin, K Meyer, M AF Adams, C Wang, Y Loftin, K Meyer, M TI Removal of antibiotics from surface and distilled water in conventional water treatment processes SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE abatement and removal; water treatment; chlorination; ozonization; disinfection; potable water ID PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE-WATER; BIODEGRADABILITY; SULFONAMIDES; ENVIRONMENT AB Conventional drinking water treatment processes were evaluated under typical water treatment plant conditions to determine their effectiveness in the removal of seven common antibiotics: carbadox, sulfachlorpyridazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole, and trimethoprim. Experiments were conducted using synthetic solutions prepared by spiking both distilled/ deionized water and Missouri River water with the studied compounds. Sorption on Calgon WPH powdered activated carbon, reverse osmosis, and oxidation with chlorine and ozone under typical plant conditions were all shown to be effective in removing, the studied antibiotics. Conversely, coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation with alum and iron salts, excess lime/soda ash softening, ultraviolet irradiation at disinfection dosages, and ion exchange were all relatively ineffective methods of antibiotic removal. This study shows that the studied antibiotics could be effectively removed using processes already in use in many water treatment plants. Additional work is needed on by-product formation and the removal of other classes of antibiotics. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. US Geol Survey, Ocala, FL 34474 USA. RP Adams, C (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Engn, 202 Civil Engn Bldg, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 27 TC 225 Z9 253 U1 16 U2 205 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2002 VL 128 IS 3 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:3(253) PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 525BF UT WOS:000174046800008 ER PT J AU Hinojosa-Huerta, O DeStefano, S Shaw, WW AF Hinojosa-Huerta, O DeStefano, S Shaw, WW TI Evaluation of call-response surveys for monitoring breeding Yuma Clapper Rails (Rallus longirostris yumanensis) SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cienega de Santa Clara; Clapper Rail; Colorado River Delta; endangered species; marsh birds; population trends ID COLORADO RIVER DELTA; ABUNDANCE; TRENDS; MEXICO; POWER AB During March-June 2000 we evaluated the use of call-response surveys to monitor breeding Yuma Clapper Rails (Rallus longirostris yumanensis) at the Cienega de Santa Clara, Colorado River Delta, Sonora, Mexico. We assessed the effect that time of day, stage of breeding season, and number of survey periods had on the average number of rails detected at a station. Conducting call-response surveys resulted in a significant increase in the number of detected rails and reduced the coefficient of variation of the average number or rails per station, which increases the statistical power to detect population trends. Using this technique also appears to reduce the variation of rates of responses by rails through the breeding season when compared to passive listening. There was no difference between the number of rails detected during morning and afternoon surveys. The established protocol developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for Yuma Clapper Rail surveys is adequate for monitoring, and it should continue to be implemented on a yearly basis at the Cienega de Santa Clara and other wetlands of the Colorado River Delta in Mexico. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Holdsworth Nat Resource Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Hinojosa-Huerta, O (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, 104 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 151 EP 155 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 547ZB UT WOS:000175362000005 ER PT J AU Powell, AN Firtz, CL Peterson, BL Terp, JM AF Powell, AN Firtz, CL Peterson, BL Terp, JM TI Status of breeding and wintering Snowy Plovers in San Diego County, California, 1994-1999 SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus; nest success; populations; southern California; threatened and endangered species ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; AREAS AB We conducted intensive surveys of breeding and wintering Snowy Plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) in San Diego County from 1994 through the winter of 1999. We found Snowy Plovers using 11 sites within the study area for nesting and at least IS sites were used during winter months. Estimated breeding populatioris of Snowy Plovers within San Diego County fluctuated among years, and males always outnumbered females; fewer than 325 Snowy Plovers were present during any breeding season. Two sites consistently supported 65% of nesting pairs during this study, both at military installations. Nesting sites with fewer than five breeding pairs were unlikely to produce fledglings. Nest success over the entire area ranged from 50-58% and reproductive success was on average fewer than 0.5 fledglings produced per adult plover. Approximately 227-367 Snowy Plovers wintered within San Diego Country from 1995-1999, which is within the range of winter population estimates from the mid-1980s. Neither breeding nor wintering numbers of plovers in San Diego County have increased since the 1980s, and it is unlikely that populations can increase given the low rates of reproduction. In addition, the concentration of most nesting pairs at a few sites makes this population more vulnerable to local extirpation. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Powell, AN (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 156 EP 165 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 547ZB UT WOS:000175362000006 ER PT J AU Will, TA Reinert, TR Jennings, CA AF Will, TA Reinert, TR Jennings, CA TI Maturation and fecundity of a stock-enhanced population of striped bass in the Savannah River Estuary, USA SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fecundity; maturation; Morone saxatilis; striped bass; ultrasound; Savannah River Estuary ID MORONE-SAXATILIS; SEX AB The striped bass Morone saxatilis population in the Savannah River (south-eastern U.S.A.) collapsed in the 1980s, and recent efforts to restore the population have resulted in increased catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of striped bass in the Savannah River Estuary (SRE). The abundance of eggs and larvae, however, remain well below historic levels. The primary cause of the population decline was remedied, and environmental conditions seem suitable for striped bass spawning. Regression analysis of data derived from ultrasonic imaging of 31 striped bass resulted in a statistical model that predicted ovary volume well (r(2)=0-95). The enumeration of oocytes from ovarian tissue samples and the prediction of ovary volume allowed fecundity to be estimated without sacrificing the fish. Oocyte maturation in Savannah River striped bass seemed to progress normally, with oocytes developing to final stages of maturity in larger fish (>750 mm L-T). Additionally, fecundity estimates were comparable to a neighbouring striped bass population. The environmental cues needed to trigger development and release of striped bass oocytes into the SRE appeared to be present. If most of the striped bass females in the SRE are still young (<7 years), the ability to produce large numbers of eggs will be limited. As these young fish mature. egg production probably will increase and the density of striped bass eggs eventually will approach historic levels, provided suitable habitat and water quality are maintained, (C) 2002 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jennings, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 60 IS 3 BP 532 EP 544 DI 10.1006/jfbi.2002.1870 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 545DY UT WOS:000175202100004 ER PT J AU Ensign, WE Temple, AJ Neves, RJ AF Ensign, WE Temple, AJ Neves, RJ TI Effects of fright bias on sampling efficiency of stream fish assemblages SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HABITAT USE; ABUNDANCE; TROUT AB Relative efficiencies of three different fish sampling techniques (prepositioned area shockers, single pass electroshocking, and a combined shocking-seining method) with differing potential to induce fright bias were compared in riffle, run and pool habitats in Roanoke River, Virginia. Twenty-three species were captured by the three techniques. Of the three techniques, pre-positioned area shockers had the highest species accumulation rate in each of the three habitats sampled. The single pass electroshocking method had higher species accumulation rates than the combined technique in pools and runs, whereas the performance of the two techniques was similar in riffles. Pre-positioned area shockers also captured a higher proportion of larger, more mobile individuals than the other two techniques. Based on our results, prepositioned area shockers were the least biased of the three techniques for sampling riverine fish. C1 Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Conservat Training Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Ensign, WE (reprint author), Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, 1000 Chastain Rd, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1080/02705060.2002.9663876 PG 13 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 520LK UT WOS:000173783200015 ER PT J AU Bulger, AG Wildhaber, M Edds, E AF Bulger, AG Wildhaber, M Edds, E TI Effects of photoperiod on behavior and courtship of the Neosho madtom (Noturus placidus) SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB To test effects of long and short day-length on behavior of the Neosho madtom (Noturus placidus), we held six pairs of fish in separate tanks under 16 hr (L): 8 hr (D) (long-day) and six pairs under 12 hr (L): 12 hr (D) (short-day) photoperiods. An ethogram. was created and behavior was electronically and continuously recorded. Two-minute intervals for each hour over four 4-day periods were examined, and proportion of time active and performing specific behaviors in each tank was analyzed to compare differences between treatments. Individuals held under 16 L, 8 D were more active during the light cycle than those in 12 L, 12 D. Specific behaviors examined included resting, swimming, feeding, aggression, cavity enhancement, and courtship. A higher proportion of time was spent performing cavity enhancement, cavities were deeper, and gravel size in cavities was smaller for those fish in the long-day treatment. Throughout the experiment various courtship behaviors were observed in male-female pairs held in 16 L, 8 D, but no such behaviors were observed in 12 L, 12 D. The relationships between a long photoperiod and activity, cavity enhancement, and courtship behaviors illustrate the influence of photoperiod on the Neosho madtom reproductive cycle. C1 Emporia State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. BRD, USGS, Columbia Environm & Contaminants Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Bulger, AG (reprint author), 14801 W 149th Ct, Olathe, KS 66062 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1 BP 141 EP 150 DI 10.1080/02705060.2002.9663877 PG 10 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 520LK UT WOS:000173783200016 ER PT J AU Hui, CA AF Hui, CA TI Avian furcula morphology may indicate relationships of flight requirements among birds SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE furcula morphology; bird flight; wishbone; flight behavior ID WING TIP SLOTS; PECTORALIS; REDUCTION; BEHAVIOR; PIGEONS; FIBERS; DRAG AB This study examined furcula (wishbone) shape relative to flight requirements. The furculae from 53 museum specimens in eight orders were measured: 1) three-dimensional shape (SR) as indicated by the ratio of the direct distance between the synostosis interclavicularis and the ligamentous attachment of one of its clavicles to the actual length of the clavicle between those same two points, and 2) curvature within the primary plane (LR) as indicated by the ratio of the length of the clavicle to the sum of the orthogonal distances between the same points using a projected image. Canonical discriminant analysis of these ratios placed the individuals into a) one of four general flight categories and b) one of eight taxonomic orders. The four flight categories were defined as: i) soaring with no flapping, ii) flapping with no soaring, iii) subaqueous (i.e., all wingbeats taking place under water), and iv) partial subaqueous (i.e., wingbeats used for both aerial and submerged flapping). The error rate for placement of the specimens in flight categories was only 26.4%, about half of the error rate for placement in taxonomic orders (51.3%). Subaqueous fliers (penguins, great auks) have furculae that are the most V-shaped. Partial subaqueous fliers (alcids, storm petrels) have furculae that are more U-shaped than the subaqueous fliers but more V-shaped than the aerial flapping fliers. The partial subaqueous fliers have furculae that are also the most anteriorly curved, possibly increasing protraction capability by changing the angle of applied force and increasing attachment area for the origin of the sternobrachialis pectoralis. The increased protraction capability can counteract profile drag, which is greater in water than in air due to the greater density of water. Soaring birds have furculae that are more U-shaped or circular than those of flapping birds and have the smallest range of variation. These results indicate that the shape of the furcula is functionally related to general differences in flight requirements and may be used to infer relationships of these requirements among birds. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hui, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 278 Kerr Hall 1 Shields Ave Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0362-2525 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 251 IS 3 BP 284 EP 293 DI 10.1002/jmor.1089 PG 10 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 518VE UT WOS:000173687900005 PM 11835365 ER PT J AU Millar, JG AF Millar, JG TI The protection of eagles and the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bald Eagle; Golden Eagle; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; Aquila chrysaetos; Bald Eagle Protection Act; Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act; conservation AB The Bald Eagle Protection Act of 1940 (16 USC 668-668d) was passed to curb the wanton destruction of Bald Eagles (Haliacetus leucocephalus). In 1962, prohibitions against enumerated acts were extended to the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetas). The Golden Eagle continues to be impacted by poisonings from predator control, urban sprawl, and increased recreational use of remote areas. With the proposed removal of the Bald Eagle from the protection of the Endangered Species Act, the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act will be subject to increased scrutiny. The Fish and Wildlife Service is examining the use of Bald Eagle management guidelines to avoid take under the Eagle Act. Similar guidelines along with a broad outreach program would be appropriate for the Golden Eagle to avoid take at nest sites. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rock Isl, IL 61201 USA. RP Millar, JG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 4469 48th Ave Court, Rock Isl, IL 61201 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 19 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 36 IS 1 SU S BP 29 EP 31 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 541HT UT WOS:000174979700008 ER PT J AU Kochert, MN Steenhof, K AF Kochert, MN Steenhof, K TI Golden Eagles in the US and Canada: Status, trends, and conservation challenges SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Golden Eagle; Aquila chrysaetos; status; monitoring; mortality; US; Canada ID BALD EAGLES; POPULATION; RAPTORS; COUNTS AB We reviewed the literature to assess status and population trends and to identify mortality factors affecting Golden Eagle populations in the U.S. and Canada. Nesting populations in Alaska and Canada are stable, but some nesting populations in the western U.S. have declined. Small but steady declines in the intermountain West have been associated with shrub loss and declining jack, rabbit populations; declines in southern California have been attributed to urbanization. Migration counts in the eastern U.S. suggest a decline in Golden Eagles from the 1930s to the early 1970s, with a stable or increasing trend since the early 1970s. No significant trends in migration counts were reported for Golden Eagles in the western U.S. since the mid-1980s. Western migration count sites on the continental divide in the Rock Mountains at or just north of the U.S.-Canadian border (49-51 degreesN latitude) show potential to provide information on trends of Golden Eagle populations from Alaska and western Canada. Most eagle mortality is human related. This paper illustrates the need for more effective monitoring of Golden Eagle populations in North America. C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Kochert, MN (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. NR 45 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 29 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 36 IS 1 SU S BP 32 EP 40 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 541HT UT WOS:000174979700009 ER PT J AU Juracek, KE Wolock, DM AF Juracek, KE Wolock, DM TI Spatial and statistical differences between 1 : 250,000- and 1 : 24,000-scale digital soil databases SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE hydrologic group; Kansas; landscape position; percent clay; soil permeability; SSURGO; STATSGO ID MODEL AB In this study, 1:250,000- and 1:24,000-scale digital soil databases for Kansas were compared statistically and spatially. The soil attributes used in this comparison were soil permeability, percent clay, and hydrologic group. Results indicate that, although the two databases were correlated, the potential exists for substantial site-specific variability between them. The largest differences between the two databases typically are in and along the stream networks. With distance away from the stream networks, the mean differences generally stabilize. The results also indicate the possibility of systematic bias between the two databases that varies with landscape position. For applications using mean soil attribute values, the two soil databases usually yield similar values for the three soil attributes analyzed, especially for areas of 25 km(2) (9.7 mi(2)) or larger. However, for applications where more detailed information on soil variability and the spatial pattern of soil properties within the landscape is required, such as for studies focused on small areas or areas in and along stream networks, the two soil databases are sufficiently different such that using one or the other may result in substantially different results. C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Juracek, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 57 IS 2 BP 89 EP 94 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 563PR UT WOS:000176265200024 ER PT J AU Jones, JW Neves, RJ AF Jones, JW Neves, RJ TI Life history and propagation of the endangered fanshell pearlymussel, Cyprogenia stegaria Rafinesque (Bivalvia : Unionidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE fanshell pearlymussel (Cyprogenia stegaria); endangered; life history; fish hosts; reproduction; propagation ID JUVENILE RAINBOW MUSSELS; VIRGINIA; SURVIVAL; MOLLUSCA; GROWTH AB Aspects of the reproduction, age, growth, fish hosts, and culture of juveniles were determined for the endangered fanshell pearlymussel, Cyprogenia stegaria Rafinesque, 1820, in the Clinch River, Tennessee. Glochidia of C. stegaria are contained in red, worm-like conglutinates that resemble oligochaetes. Conglutinates are 20 to 80 mm long and are released through the excurrent aperture. Estimated fecundity was 22,357 to 63,459 glochidia/mussel. Eighty-four valves of C. stegaria were thin-sectioned for aging; ages ranged from 6 to 26 y. Of 16 fish species tested, 9 hosts were identified through induced infestations of glochidia: mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi), banded sculpin (Cottus carolinae), greenside darter (Etheostoma blennioides), snubnose darter (Etheostoma simoterum), banded darter (Etheostoma zonale), tangerine darter (Percina aurantiaca), blotchside logperch (Percina burtoni), logperch (Percina caprodes), and Roanoke darter (Percina roanoka). Newly metamorphosed juveniles were cultured in recirculating and nonrecirculating aquaculture systems within dishes containing sediments of 300 to 500 mum diameter (sand) or <105 mum diameter (silt), and fed either the green algae Neochloris oleoabundans or Scenedesmus quadricauda daily. Growth and survival of juvenile mussels were highest in the nonrecirculating aquaculture system, with a mean survival of 72% after 2 wk and 38% after 4 wk. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Jones, JW (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 24 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 21 IS 1 BP 76 EP 88 DI 10.2307/1468301 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 526MQ UT WOS:000174134600008 ER PT J AU Blanco, JM Gee, GF Wildt, DE Donoghue, AM AF Blanco, JM Gee, GF Wildt, DE Donoghue, AM TI Producing progeny from endangered birds of prey: Treatment of urine-contaminated semen and a novel intramagnal insemination approach SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE spermatozoa; artificial insemination; avian; raptor; captive breeding; genetic management ID ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; SPERMATOZOA; POULTRY AB Wild raptors brought into an ex situ environment often have poor semen quality that is further compromised by urine contamination. Generally, it is believed that in birds, artificial insemination into the cloaca or caudal vagina of females requires large doses of high-quality spermatozoa to maximize fertility. In an effort to define and overcome some of the challenges associated with reproduction in wild raptors, the objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate the frequency, impact, and remediation of urine contamination in fresh ejaculates for the purpose of maintaining sperm motility and viability in vitro, and 2) develop a deep insemination method that allows low numbers of washed sperm to be placed directly into the magnum to increase the probability of producing fertilized eggs. The species evaluated include golden eagle (Aquila chrysoetos), imperial eagle (A. adalberti), Bonelli's eagle (Hiernaetus fasciatus), and peregrine, falcon (Falco peregrinus). Semen samples were collected and pooled by species, and a minimum of 25 pooled ejaculates per species were evaluated for urine contamination, pH, sperm viability, and sperm motility; the samples were either unwashed or washed in neutral (pH 7.0) or alkaline (pH 8.0) modified Lake's diluent. Female golden eagles and peregrine falcons were inseminated via transjunctional, intramagnal insemination with washed spermatozoa from urine-contaminated samples. Urine contamination occurred in 36.8 +/- 12.8% (mean +/- SEM) golden eagle, 43.1 +/- 9.1% imperial eagle, 28.7 +/- 16.1% Bonelli's eagle, and 48.2 +/- 17.3% peregrine falcon ejaculates. The pH in urine-contaminated semen samples ranged from 6.48 +/- 0.3 to 6.86 +/- 0.2, and in noncontaminated samples it ranged from from 7.17 +/- 0.1 to 7.56 +/- 0.1. Sperm viability and motility were reduced (P < 0.05) in all species for unwashed vs. washed sperm after 30 min incubation at room temperature. Two peregrine falcon chicks and one golden eagle chick hatched after intramagnal insemination. This study demonstrates that urine contamination, a common and lethal acidifier in manually collected raptor ejaculates, can be circumvented by immediate, gentle seminal washing. Furthermore, these processed sperm, when deposited by transjunctional intramagnal insemination, can produce live young. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Product Safety Res Unit, Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. Ctr Studies Iberian Raptors, Toledo 45671, Spain. RP Blanco, JM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Product Safety Res Unit, Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 589QH UT WOS:000177771200001 PM 12216788 ER PT J AU Roesler, CS Culbertson, CW Etheridge, SM Goericke, R Kiene, RP Miller, LG Oremland, RS AF Roesler, CS Culbertson, CW Etheridge, SM Goericke, R Kiene, RP Miller, LG Oremland, RS TI Distribution, production, and ecophysiology of Picocystis strain ML in Mono Lake, California SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BIG-SODA LAKE; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; BETA-DIMETHYLSULPHONIOPROPIONATE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY; GLYCINE BETAINE; SALINE LAKES; LIGHT; MEROMIXIS; SULFUR; PH AB A recently described unicellular chlorophytic alga isolated from meromictic Mono Lake, California, occupies a niche that spans two environments: the upper oxic mixolimnion and the deeper anoxic and highly reducing monimolimnion. This organism, Picocystis sp, strain ML, accounts for nearly 25% of the primary production during the winter bloom and more than 50% at other times of the year. In incubations, it is heavily grazed by the brine shrimp, Artemia monica. We assessed growth and photosynthetic parameters over broad ranges of irradiance. salinity, and pH and under oxic and anoxic conditions. Picocystis appears to be particularly adapted to low irradiance: we observed an order of magnitude increase in the cellular pigment concentrations, as well as marked increases in cell-specific photosynthetic parameters for cells acclimated to low-growth irradiance. Growth rates of 0.3-1.5 d (1) were observed over a salinity range of 0-260% and a pH range of 4-12, with maximal growth at similar to50 mumol photons m(-2) s(-1), 40%, and pH 6-10. Growth and oxygenic photosynthesis were observed under anoxic conditions at rates comparable to those measured under oxic conditions. The ability of the organism to acclimate and grow under Such a broad range of environmental conditions makes it an important component of the Mono Lake ecosystem and likely contributes to its dominance of the monimolimnion/mixolimnion interface. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. USGS, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. RP Roesler, CS (reprint author), Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. EM croesler@bigelow.org OI DeGrasse, Stacey/0000-0001-7808-4193 NR 50 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 440 EP 452 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 537GT UT WOS:000174751100010 ER PT J AU Self-Trail, JM AF Self-Trail, JM TI Trends in late Maastrichtian calcareous nannofossil distribution patterns, Western North Atlantic margin SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; GRAPHIC CORRELATION AB First and last occurrences of several Maastrichtian calcareous nannofossil species are shown to be diachronous across paleodepth and paleoenvironment using the graphic correlation method. Calcareous nannofossil assemblages examined from eleven cores from a deep- to shallow-water transect along the eastern United States Atlantic margin document that the first occurrence of Micula murus (Martini 1961) Bukry 1973 is diachronous, appearing 2.0 million years earlier in open ocean sites than in shallow marine sites. The first occurrence (170) of Lithraphidites kennethii Perch-Nielsen 1984 is also nonsynchronous, appearing in the deep ocean before its FO in neritic waters, The last occurrence (LO) of L. praequadratus Roth 1978 is diachronous across paleodepth, going locally extinct first in deeper water. The LO of Watznaueria bybelliae Self-Trail 1999 is also diachronous, going locally extinct first in shallow-water settings. Ceratolithoides amplector Burnett 1997, C. pricei Burnett 1997, C. self-trailiae Burnett 1997, C. ultimus Burnett 1997, Cribrocorona gallica (Stradner 1963) Pereli-Nielsen 1973, Micula praemurus (Bukry 1973) Stradner and Steinmetz 1984, Pseudomicula quadratus Perch-Nielsen et al. 1978, and Semihololithus spp. are present consistently in common to frequent abundances in ODP holes 1050C and 1052E on the Blake Nose, but they are rare or absent from neritic sections in Coastal Plain cores. It is apparent that these species flourished in an open ocean setting, suggesting that differences in assemblage abundance and diversity between deep ocean and nearshore areas were controlled by paleoceanographic factors. These species are not used for biostratigraphy, but may be useful indicators of open ocean conditions. The line of correlation (LOC) for nine Coastal Plain cores clearly defines the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary unconformity at the top of the Maastrichtian section (Peedee Formation) and the Campanian-Maastrichtian (C/M) unconformity at the babe of the Maastrichtian section (Peedee/Donoho Creek formational contact). The K/T boundary unconformity is undulatory in nature; updip Maastrichtian sections have been stripped to a greater depth than the downdip sections. The uppermost Campanian, all of the lowermost Maastrichtian, and the basal upper Maastrichtian sediments are missing from the study area. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Self-Trail, JM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY 79TH ST AT CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0026-2803 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PD SPR PY 2002 VL 48 IS 1 BP 31 EP 52 DI 10.1661/0026-2803(2002)048[0031:TILMCN]2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 560EE UT WOS:000176069100002 ER PT J AU Barfoot, CA Gadomski, DM Petersen, JH AF Barfoot, CA Gadomski, DM Petersen, JH TI Resident fish assemblages in shallow shorelines of a Columbia River impoundment SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; SMALLMOUTH BASS; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; LITTORAL-ZONE; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; TEMPERATURE; PERSISTENCE AB During May-September 1995, we replicated an earlier (1984-85) study of fishes in shore line habitats of the John Day Reservoir, Columbia River, to investigate Fish assemblage structure at several spatial and temporal scales. A total of 37,400 resident fishes representing 24 taxa was collected in 359 beach seine hauls. Fish catch composition during 1984 and 1985 was very similar, but was greatly different from catch in 1995. During 1984-1985. four native taxa (chiselmouth. northern pikeminnow. suckers, and sand rollers) constituted more than 90%, of the combined main-channel catch, with introduced taxa comprising only 1.3% of the main-channel catch. In contrast, during 1995 only 37.7% of the main-channel catch comprised chiselmouth, northern pikeminnow, suckers, and sand rollers, while 33.9% were introduced taxa, primarily sunfishes and yellow perch. This shift in catch composition was greatest in the lower reservoir where the 1995 catch was 61% introduced taxa. Although changes in species composition of near-shore reservoir fish assemblages over the 10-yr period appeared to be substantial. A e are unsure of annual variability since we have only one season of sampling for comparison with the earlier study. The differences we observed could be a long-term response to reservoir aging, a short-term reaction to annual differences in hydrologic and thermal regimes, or simply the naturally varying reproductive success of some species. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Gadomski, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM dena_gadomski@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 76 IS 2 BP 103 EP 117 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 553GV UT WOS:000175667900001 ER PT J AU Mesa, MG Weiland, LK Wagner, P AF Mesa, MG Weiland, LK Wagner, P TI Effects of acute thermal stress on the survival, predator avoidance, and physiology of juvenile fall chinook salmon SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK; TEMPERATURE-CHANGE; COHO SALMON; ACCLIMATION TEMPERATURE; RESPONSES; FISH; VULNERABILITY; MORTALITY; PROTEINS; ABILITY AB We subjected juvenile fall chinook salmon from the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River to acute thermal stressors in the laboratory that were derided from field data. we assessed the effects of thermal stress on: (1) the extent of direct mortality; (2) the vulnerability of fish to predation by smallmouth bass: and (3) some general physiological stress responses and synthesis of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70). Thermally-stressed fish showed little direct mortality and no increases in vulnerability to predation. However, these fish showed transient increases in plasma concentrations of cortisol, glucose, and lactate, and a dramatic (25-fold higher than controls) and persistent (lasting 2 wk) increase in levels of lifer hsp70. Our results indicate that exposure of Hanford Reach juvenile fall chinook salmon to such stressors did not lead to significant increases in direct mortality or vulnerability to predation, but did alter physiological homeostasis, which should be of concern to those managing this resource, Because our fish received only a single exposure to one of the stressors we examined, we are also concerned about the consequences of exposing fish to multiple, cumulative stressors-a likely scenario for fish in the wild. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Mesa, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. NR 44 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 76 IS 2 BP 118 EP 128 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 553GV UT WOS:000175667900002 ER PT J AU Mattson, DJ AF Mattson, DJ TI Consumption of wasps and bees by Yellowstone grizzly bears SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FOOD-HABITS; MOVEMENTS AB I investigated the consumption of wasps and bees by grizzly bears in the Yellowstone region, 1977-1992, using data collected during a study of radio-marked bears. Although wasp, and bees Acre not a major source of energy, Yellowstone grizzly bears are among only a few populations of their species in North America known to consume these insects in sometimes noteworthy amount. Consumption of wasps and bees was greatest during the driest months of the study and during years when abundant ungulate carrion and few whitebark pine seeds were available. Peak Consumption during dry years probably reflected increases in wasp and bee populations, whereas little consumption during years when pine seeds were abundant probably reflected a relative preference for pine weds. The odds that bears should consume wasps and bees were greatest when they were in forest stands with abundant coarse woody debris and considerable live basal area. Excavation of ground nests also was most extensive in dense forest stands. All detected exploitation involved excavation of nests, almost all of which were located in or under logs and stumps or in duff near the base of trees. It is not clear if this pattern of exploitation reflected the distribution of wasps and bees, and, if so, why wasps and bees were concentrated in dense forests with abundant coarse woody debris, In short, Yellowstone grizzly bears apparently consumed wasps and bees most often when and where these insects were most abundant as well as when known high-quality bear foods were scarce. C1 No Arizona Univ, USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Field Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Mattson, DJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Field Stn, POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 76 IS 2 BP 166 EP 172 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 553GV UT WOS:000175667900007 ER PT J AU Frank, M Whiteley, N Kasten, S Hein, JR O'Nions, K AF Frank, M Whiteley, N Kasten, S Hein, JR O'Nions, K TI North Atlantic deep water export to the Southern Ocean over the past 14 Myr: Evidence from Nd and Pb isotopes in ferromanganese crusts SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE ocean circulation; water masses; North Atlantic Deep Water; Southern Ocean; radiogenic isotopes; ferromanganese crusts ID FE-MN CRUSTS; CENTRAL PACIFIC SEAWATER; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; HEMISPHERE GLACIATION; MANGANESE NODULES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NEODYMIUM; DELTA-C-13; LEAD; CARBON AB [1] The intensity of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) production has been one of the most important parameters controlling the global thermohaline ocean circulation system and climate. Here we present a new approach to reconstruct the overall strength of NADW export from the North Atlantic to the Southern Ocean over the past 14 Myr applying the deep water Nd and Pb isotope composition as recorded by ferromanganese crusts and nodules. We present the first long-term Nd and Pb isotope time series for deep Southern Ocean water masses, which are compared with previously published time series for NADW from the NW Atlantic Ocean. These data suggest a continuous and strong export of NADW, or a precursor of it, into the Southern Ocean between 14 and 3 Ma. An increasing difference in Nd and Pb isotope compositions between the NW Atlantic and the Southern Ocean over the past 3 Myr gives evidence for a progressive overall reduction of NADW export since the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (NHG). The Nd isotope data allow us to assess at least semiquantitatively that the amount of this reduction has been in the range between 14 and 37% depending on location. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. Univ Bremen, Gachbereich Geowissensch, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Frank, M (reprint author), ETH Zentrum, Dept Earth Sci, Inst Isotope Geol & Mineral Resources, NO C61,Sonneggstr 5, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. NR 77 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 6 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD MAR-JUN PY 2002 VL 17 IS 2 AR 1022 DI 10.1029/2000PA000606 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 610BE UT WOS:000178940200006 ER PT J AU Ramsey, EW Nelson, GA Sapkota, SK Seeger, EB Martella, KD AF Ramsey, EW Nelson, GA Sapkota, SK Seeger, EB Martella, KD TI Mapping Chinese tallow with color-infrared photography SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SEEDLINGS; WETLANDS; TREE AB Airborne color-infrared photography (m) (1:12,000 scale) was used to map localized occurrences of the widespread and aggressive Chinese tallow (Sapium sebiferum), an invasive species. Photography was collected during senescence when Chinese tallow's bright red leaves presented a high spectral contrast within the native bottomland hardwood and upland forests and marsh land-cover types. Mapped occurrences were conservative because not all senescing tallow leaves are bright red simultaneously. To simulate low spectral but high spatial resolution satellite/airborne image and digital video data, the CIR photography was transformed into raster images at spatial resolutions approximating 0.5 m and 1.0 m. The image data were then spectrally classified for the occurrence of bright red leaves associated with senescing Chinese tallow. Classification accuracies were greater than 95 percent at both spatial resolutions. There was no significant difference in either forest in the detection of tallow or inclusion of non-tallow trees associated with the two spatial resolutions. In marshes, slightly more tallow occurrences were mapped with the lower spatial resolution, but there were also more misclassifications of native land covers as tallow. Combining all land covers, there was no difference at detecting tallow occurrences (equal omission errors) between the two resolutions, but the higher spatial resolution was associated with less inclusion of nontallow land covers as tallow (lower commission error). Overall, these results confirm that high spatial (less than or equal to1 m) but low spectral resolution remote sensing data can be used for mapping Chinese tallow trees in dominant environments found in coastal and adjacent upland landscapes. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Johnson Controls World Serv Inc, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Environm Careers Org, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Ramsey, EW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 68 IS 3 BP 251 EP 255 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 526TH UT WOS:000174145400007 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, R Shirasawa, M Pike, RJ AF Yokoyama, R Shirasawa, M Pike, RJ TI Visualizing topography by Openness: A new application of image processing to digital elevation models SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID TIBET AB A new parameter, here termed openness, expressing the degree of dominance or enclosure of a location on an irregular surface, is developed to visualize topographic character, Openness is an angular measure of the relation between surface relief and horizontal distance. For angles less than 90degrees it is equivalent to the internal angle of a cone, its apex at a DEM location, constrained by neighboring elevations within a specified radial distance. Openness incorporates the terrain line-of-sight, or viewshed, concept and is calculated from multiple zenith and nadir angles-here along eight azimuths. Openness has two viewer perspectives. Positive values, expressing openness above the surface, are high for convex forms, whereas negative values describe this attribute below the surface and are high for concave forms. Openness values are mapped by gray-scale tones. The emphasis of terrain convexity and concavity in openness maps facilitates the interpretation of landforms on the Earth's surface and its seafloor, and on the planets, as well as features on any irregular surface-such as those generated by industrial procedures. C1 Iwate Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Morioka, Iwate 0208551, Japan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Yokoyama, R (reprint author), Iwate Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 0208551, Japan. NR 35 TC 95 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 68 IS 3 BP 257 EP 265 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 526TH UT WOS:000174145400008 ER PT J AU Jay, CV Garner, GW AF Jay, CV Garner, GW TI Performance of a satellite-linked GPS on Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIO-TRACKING; TELEMETRY AB We evaluated the utility of a satellite-linked GPS in obtaining location data from Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens). A unit was attached to one of the tusks of each of three adult male walruses in Bristol Bay, Alaska. The units were designed to relay GPS positions through the Argos Data Collection and Location System. The GPS was only minimally effective in obtaining location data. An average of only 5% of the attempts yielded a position. and only a small number of these were locations at sea. The paucity of successful attempts was probably due to infrequent and brief surfacings of the GPS, the proximity of cliffs to predominant haul-out sites in the study region, and the packing of animals when they were hauled out in herds. Argos was effective in relaying GPS positions in this study, but as GPS technology advances, and its application to marine mammal studies becomes more prevalent, it seems that the greatest challenge to the study of many species will be in data retrieval. C1 USGS, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Jay, CV (reprint author), USGS, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 25 IS 3 BP 235 EP 237 DI 10.1007/s00300-001-0338-7 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 536QK UT WOS:000174713200010 ER PT J AU Travis, SE Proffitt, CE Lowenfeld, RC Mitchell, TW AF Travis, SE Proffitt, CE Lowenfeld, RC Mitchell, TW TI A comparative assessment of genetic diversity among differently-aged populations of Spartina alterniflora on restored versus natural wetlands SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amplified fragment length polymorphisms; Spartina alterniflora; average heterozygosity; restoration genetics; population differentiation; proportion of polymorphic genes ID INBREEDING DEPRESSION; DNA; LOISEL; PLANT; AFLP AB We collected naturally recolonizing Spartina alterniflora (smooth cord grass) from each of three restored sites and one undisturbed reference site in southwestern Louisiana to assess the impact of wetland restoration on genetic diversity. We used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) to produce 94 polymorphic genetic markers, which were used to characterize genetic diversity as average heterozygosity and the proportion of polymorphic loci . Overall our findings indicate that restored populations of S. alterniflora maintain levels of genetic diversity comparable to natural populations, which should provide some measure of resistance against environmental disturbances. Diversity estimates were lowest for the natural reference site ( = 0.1059; = 0.2763), whereas estimates for the three restored sites ranged from = 0.1148 to 0.1256 and = 0.3114 to 0.3202. All sites maintained sufficiently high diversity levels to suggest significant rates of outcrossing. Overall, genetic differentiation among populations was small (Weir and Cockerham's Theta = 0.0645), with the values from each pairwise comparison among the populations increasing with the geographic distance between sites (range = 0.0490-0.1101). These values indicate an average migration rate of 3.6 migrants, either pollen or seeds, per generation. C1 McNeese State Univ, Louisiana Environm Res Ctr, Lake Charles, LA 70609 USA. RP Travis, SE (reprint author), Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Biol Res Div, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. NR 21 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 10 IS 1 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.10104.x PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535LP UT WOS:000174646200005 ER PT J AU Dugger, KM Ryan, MR Galat, DL Renken, RB Smith, JW AF Dugger, KM Ryan, MR Galat, DL Renken, RB Smith, JW TI Reproductive success of the interior least tern (Sterna antillarum) in relation to hydrology on the Lower Mississippi River SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE endangered species; hydrology; least tern; Lower Mississippi River; reproductive success; river stage; Sterna antillarum ID ECOSYSTEMS; HABITATS; VALLEY AB The annual hydrograph of large rivers, including flood pulses and low-flow periods, is believed to play a primary role in the productivity of biota associated with these ecosystems. We investigated the relationship between river hydrology and Interior least tern (Sterna antillarum) reproductive success on the Lower Mississippi River from April to July 1986-1993. The number of fledglings produced per adult pair was negatively correlated with July mean (r = - 0,95, p = 0.0004) and July maximum river elevation (r = - 0.97, p = 0.0001), but no other aspects of river hydrology were related to tern reproduction. Low-water elevations in July may benefit least tern reproductive success by increasing sand island area or the area of shallow-water habitat that surrounds islands. Loss of deep-water habitats in conjunction with an increase in shallow habitat during stage decreases may concentrate fish prey in shallow-water habitats and backwater areas, thereby increasing food availability during chick-rearing. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Jefferson City, MO USA. RP Dugger, KM (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1002/rra.634 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 543WC UT WOS:000175123300001 ER PT J AU Rorabaugh, JC Sredl, MJ Miera, V Drost, CA AF Rorabaugh, JC Sredl, MJ Miera, V Drost, CA TI Continued invasion by an introduced frog (Rana berlandieri): Southwestern Arizona, southeastern California, and Rio Colorado, Mexico SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB The Rio Grande leopard frog (Rana berlandieri). previously documented as all introduced species along the lower Gila and Colorado river valleys in southwestern Arizona and southeastern California, has continued to expand its range into the Imperial Valley of southeastern California, is now well-established west of Phoenix, Arizona, and occurs on the Rio Colorado, Baja California Norte. We found R. berlandieri at 53 new localities ill Arizona. California, and Baja California Norte. representing continued invasion of riverine and agricultural habitats. including range extensions of 65 km northeast and 44 km southeast of the easternmost previously reported locality in Arizona, and 42 km north of the nearest previously reported locality in California. We report the species for the first time ill Baja California Norte. 46 km southwest of the next nearest previously reported locality The species apparently disperses to new areas via agricultural ditches and canals. rivers, and by, human introduction. We explore the potential for continued invasion of suitable habitats ill California. Arizona, Baja California Norte, and Sonora and discuss implications for regional conservation and management of native ranid frogs. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA. RP Rorabaugh, JC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2321 W Royal Palm Rd,Suite 103, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 1 BP 12 EP 20 DI 10.2307/3672797 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 543JY UT WOS:000175099900002 ER PT J AU Ryden, DW Smith, JR AF Ryden, DW Smith, JR TI Colorado pikeminnow with a channel catfish lodged in its throat in the San Juan River, Utah SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NEW-MEXICO; SQUAWFISH C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fishery Project, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA. RP Ryden, DW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fishery Project, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 1 BP 92 EP 94 DI 10.2307/3672806 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 543JY UT WOS:000175099900011 ER PT J AU Mitro, MG Zale, AV AF Mitro, MG Zale, AV TI Seasonal survival, movement, and habitat use of age-0 rainbow trout in the Henrys Fork of the Snake River, Idaho SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; WINTER SURVIVAL; BROOK-TROUT; POPULATION AB We quantified seasonal abundances, apparent survival rates, movements, and habitat use of age-0 rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in a 25-km reach of the Henrys Fork of the Snake River, Idaho, to determine what factors limit recruitment to the population. Natural production of rainbow trout occurred in each year of the study (1995-1997) and ranged from 158,000 to 306,000 age-0 fish each summer. No significant loss of age-0 rainbow trout occurred between summer and autumn; suitable habitat was present throughout the channel in all reaches and supported large abundances of age-0 rainbow trout through this period. The greatest losses (77-100%) occurred during winter and primarily involved fish from center-channel macrophyte beds. Most river sections, which had only simple bank habitat, did not support any age-0 rainbow trout through the entire winter. Overwinter survival was greatest (18-23%) in Box Canyon, a river section characterized by complex bank habitat, high gradient, and large substrate. Fish that were marked in river sections with simple bank habitat in autumn had moved to sections with complex bank habitat by the following spring. Winter habitat limits rainbow trout recruitment in the Henrys Fork. C1 Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, Dept Ecol,US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Mitro, MG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM mitro.matt@epa.gov RI Ebersole, Joseph/A-8371-2009 NR 30 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 131 IS 2 BP 271 EP 286 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0271:SSMAHU>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 533MZ UT WOS:000174535400008 ER PT J AU Beauvais, SL Cole, KJ Atchison, GJ Coffey, M AF Beauvais, SL Cole, KJ Atchison, GJ Coffey, M TI Factors affecting brain cholinesterase activity in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE bluegill; colinesterase; Lepomis macrochirus; pesticide monitoring; water pollution monitoring ID FRESH-WATER FISH; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; POECILIA-RETICULATA; TOXICITY; CHLORPYRIFOS; INHIBITION; EXPOSURE; INSECTICIDES; PESTICIDES; AGE AB Organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) are widely used to control crop pests, and can enter aquatic systems draining agricultural watersheds. Because OPs are highly toxic to aquatic organisms, monitoring is important, yet difficult due to the low persistence of many OPs. Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition can be used to monitor organisms' exposure to OPs and carbamates; however, high variability in ChE activity may interfere with the ability of the assay to detect OP exposure. Several potential sources of variation in ChE activity, including water temperature, storage of samples, euthanasia method, and fish sex and size, were investigated in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). ChE activity did not vary significantly with water temperature in the range 20-31 degreesC, or following short-term storage of euthanized bluegill up to 8 h at 4 and 19 degreesC or long-term storage of brain homogenates up to 389 d at -198 degreesC. There was no difference in ChE activity by euthanasia method (spinal cord severing or anesthesia with Finquel(R)), nor by sex of fish. Mean ChE activity varied inversely with fish total length. Of the variables investigated in this study, only size needs to be restricted in fish collected for monitoring of OPs. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rock Isl Field Off, Rock Isl, IL 61201 USA. RP Beauvais, SL (reprint author), Calif EPA, Dept Pesticide Regulat Worker Hlth & Safety, POB 4015, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. NR 52 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 135 IS 1-4 BP 249 EP 264 DI 10.1023/A:1014778109657 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 532UH UT WOS:000174493100016 ER PT J AU Sanzenbacher, PM Haig, SM AF Sanzenbacher, PM Haig, SM TI Regional fidelity and movement patterns of wintering Killdeer in an agricultural landscape SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE agricultural landscape; Charadrius vociferus; home range; Killdeer; movements; Oregon; Willamette Valley; wintering ID CHARADRIUS-VOCIFERUS; HOME-RANGE; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; CONSERVATION; SHOREBIRDS; AUTOCORRELATION; ESTIMATORS; FLOCKING; DUNLIN AB Killdeer (Charadirus vociferus) is a common and widespread North American species for which there are few studies of residency patterns and movements. We quantified fidelity and movement patterns of 24 radio-tagged Killdeer in the Willamette Valley of Oregon during the winter of 1999-2000. Results from telemetry surveys and census efforts repealed that the group monitored was composed of winter residents (63%), winter transient, (26%), and year-round residents (11%). Movements were localized with birds detected at an average distance of 5.15 +/- 0.91 (SE) km front the site of capture. Mean home range size (95% kernel) was 7.73 +/- 3.19 km(2). However. results also indicated periodic exploratory movements. with some birds detected Lip to 30 kin from marking Sites. Overall, individuals exhibited a low degree of fidelity to specific sites and were detected at an average of 11.9 +/- 1.1 sites. No differences were found in monthly movement patterns. In almost all cases, year-round residents were more sedentary than winter residents and winter transients. Results indicate a complex regional population structure and highlight the need to consider both migrant and resident birds, as well as seasonal differences in habitat needs and space use requirements, in future conservation planning efforts. Received 29 August 2001 accepted 20 October 2001. C1 USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Sanzenbacher, PM (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 68 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0016:RFAMPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 531WN UT WOS:000174440400003 ER PT J AU Custer, CM Galli, J AF Custer, CM Galli, J TI Feeding habitat selection by Great Blue Herons and Great Egrets nesting in east central Minnesota SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Great Blue Herons; Ardea herodias; Great Egrets; Casmerodius albus; feeding habitat; Peltier Lake; Minnesota ID WADING BIRDS CICONIIFORMES; BREEDING-SEASON; LAKE-OKEECHOBEE; ARDEA-HERODIAS; COLONIES; MOVEMENTS; FLIGHTS; FLORIDA; IBISES AB Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) and Great Egrets (Casmerodius albus) partitioned feeding habitat based on wetland size at Peltier Lake rookery in cast central Minnesota. Great Blue Herons preferred large water-bodies ( greater than or equal to350 ha), whereas Great Egrets fed most often at small ponds (<25 ha). Forty-nine percent of Great Blue Herons used wetlands 301 - 400 hectares in size and 83% of Great Egrets fed in wetlands <100 ha in size. Great Blue Herons selected large wetlands more often than expected both at the regional (30-km radius) and local (4-km radius) scales. Habitat use by Great Egrets was in proportion to availability at the regional scale, but they selected smaller wetlands for feeding more often than expected at a local scale. The median flight distance of Great Blue Herons was 2.7 km, similar to distances reported elsewhere. Great Egrets flew farther to feeding sites than Great Blue Herons, and flew farther (median = 13.5 km) than reported in other geographic areas. Received 22 September 2001, accepted 5 November 2001. C1 USGS, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Nongame Wildlife Program, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. RP Custer, CM (reprint author), USGS, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 20 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0115:FHSBGB]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 531WN UT WOS:000174440400016 ER PT J AU Mushet, DM Euliss, NH Shaffer, TL AF Mushet, DM Euliss, NH Shaffer, TL TI Floristic quality assessment of one natural and three restored wetland complexes in North Dakota, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE conservatism; floristic quality assessment; Great Plains; hydrophytes; monitoring; prairie pothole region; species richness; wetland plants; wetland restoration ID PRAIRIE WETLANDS AB Floristic quality assessment is potentially an important tool for conservation efforts in the northern Great Plains of North America. but it has received little rigorous evaluation. Floristic quality assessments rely on coefficients assigned to each plant species of a region's flora based on the conservatism of each species relative to others in the region. These "coefficients of conservatism" (C values) are assigned by a panel of experts familiar with a region's flora. The floristic quality assessment method has faced some criticism due to the subjective nature of these assignments. To evaluate the effect of this subjectivity on floristic quality assessments, we performed separate evaluations of the native plant communities in a natural wetland complex and three restored wetland complexes. In our first assessment. we used C values assigned "subjectively" by the Northern Great Plains Floristic Quality Assessment Panel. We then performed an independent assessment using the observed distributions of species among a group of wetlands that ranged from highly disturbed to largely undisturbed (data-generated C values). Using the panel-assigned C values, mean C values W) of the restored wetlands rarely exceeded 3.4 and never exceeded 3.9. with the highest values occurring in the oldest restored complex, all but two wetlands in the natural wetland complex had a,C greater than 3.9. Floristic quality indices (FQI) for the restored wetlands rarely exceeded 22 and usually reached maximums closer to 19, with higher values occurring again in the oldest restored complex: only two wetlands in the natural complex had an FQI less than 22. We observed that 95% confidence limits for species richness and percent natives overlapped greatly among wetland complexes. whereas confidence limits for both C and FQI overlapped little. C and FQI values were consistently greater when we used the data-generated C values than when we used the panel-assigned C values, nonetheless. conclusions reached based on these two independent assessment techniques were virtually identical. Our results are consistent with the opinion that coefficients assigned subjectively by expert botanists familiar with a region's flora provide adequate information to perform accurate floristic quality assessments. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mushet, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. NR 29 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 126 EP 138 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0126:FQAOON]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 532MH UT WOS:000174478700010 ER PT J AU Krzys, G Waite, TA Stapanian, M Vucetich, JA AF Krzys, G Waite, TA Stapanian, M Vucetich, JA TI Assessing avian richness in remnant wetlands: Towards an improved methodology SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE avian diversity; evening surveys; point counts; sampling efficiency; species richness ID HABITAT VARIABLES; BIRD; TRENDS AB Because the North American Breeding Bird Survey provides inadequate coverage of wetland habitat, the Wetland Breeding Bird Survey was recently established in Ohio. USA. This program relies on volunteers to conduct 3 counts at each monitored wetland. Currently, all counts are conducted during the morning. Under the premise that volunteer participation could be increased by allowing evening counts, we evaluated the potential for modifying the methodology. We evaluated the sampling efficiency of all 3-count combinations of morning and evening counts using data collected at 14 wetlands. Estimates of overall species richness decreased with increasing numbers of evening counts. However, this pattern did not hold when analyses were restricted to wetland-dependent species or those of conservation concern. Our findings suggest that it would be reasonable to permit evening counts, particularly if the data are to be used to monitor wetland-dependent species and those of concern. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Evol Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Krzys, G (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Evol Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 186 EP 190 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0186:AARIRW]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 532MH UT WOS:000174478700016 ER PT J AU Chalmers, RJ Droege, S AF Chalmers, RJ Droege, S TI Leaf litter bags as an index to populations of northern two-lined salamanders (Eurycea bislineata) SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE amphibian; Eurycea bislineata; index; leaf litter bag; monitoring; northern two-lined salamander; salamander; stream; validation AB Concern about recent amphibian declines has led to research on amphibian populations, but few statistically tested, standardized methods of counting amphibians exist. We tested whether counts of northern two-lined salamander larvae (Eurycea bislineata) sheltered in leaf litter bags-a relatively new, easily replicable survey technique-had a linear correlation to total number of larvae. Using experimental enclosures placed in streams, we compared number of salamanders found in artificial habitat (leaf litter bags) with total number of salamanders in each enclosure. Low numbers of the animals were found in leaf litter bags, and the relative amount of variation in the index (number of animals in leaf litter bags compared to total number of animals in stream enclosures) was high. The index of salamanders in leaf litter bags was not significantly related to total number of salamanders in enclosures for two-thirds of the replicates or with pooled replicates (P=0.066). Consequently, we cannot recommend using leaf litter bags to index populations of northern two-lined salamanders. C1 Acadia Natl Pk, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Chalmers, RJ (reprint author), Acadia Natl Pk, McFarland Hill, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 71 EP 74 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 545DC UT WOS:000175200100009 ER PT J AU Stevens, AJ Welch, ZC Darby, PC Percival, HF AF Stevens, AJ Welch, ZC Darby, PC Percival, HF TI Temperature effects on Florida applesnail activity: implications for snail kite foraging success and distribution SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE activity; applesnail; Pomacea paludosa; prey availability; Rostrhamus sociabilis; temperature; snail kite AB The endangered Florida snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis) feeds exclusively on applesnails (Pomacea paludosa), yet we lack direct observations that link applesnail behavior to snail kite foraging success. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the temperature-activity profile of applesnails in the context of restricted foraging opportunities for snail kites. Applesnail activity was monitored in water temperatures ranging from 2-24degreesC. We found no active snails in water <13degreesC. Evaluation of a suite of candidate models indicated that temperature changes, observation period, study tank, and some interactions contributed to an explanation of the trends in the activity data, but temperature had the most prominent effect. Burial was a common response (92% of snails) to temperatures <10degreesC. Buried snails and snails rendered inactive by cold temperatures are not accessible to kites. Our data help explain the range restriction of snail kites to central and southern Florida despite the presence of applesnails in north Florida and may explain seasonal shifts in kite distribution and the peak in nest initiation by snail kites. Given the temporal constraint imparted by passing cold fronts on the initiation of snail kite nesting activity, water managers concerned with snail kite nesting success need to consider timing of water withdrawals such that suitable conditions exist long enough to permit successful completion of their breeding cycle. C1 Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Stevens, AJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, 121 Forestry Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM pdarby@uwf.edu NR 25 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 75 EP 81 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 545DC UT WOS:000175200100010 ER PT J AU Nelson, JT Woodworth, BL Fancy, SG Lindsey, GD Tweed, EJ AF Nelson, JT Woodworth, BL Fancy, SG Lindsey, GD Tweed, EJ TI Effectiveness of rodent control and monitoring techniques for a montane rainforest SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE black rat; diphacinone; montane rainforest; Norway rat; Polynesian rat; Rattus exulans; R. norvegicus; R. rattus; rodent control; rodenticide ID RATTUS-RATTUS; NEW-ZEALAND; ISLAND; BAIT; RATS AB Introduced black (Rattus rattus) and Polynesian (R. exulans) rats are damaging to native birds, insects, and plants in island ecosystems. We controlled rodent populations in a montane rainforest on the island of Hawaii to determine feasibility, cost, and effectiveness of ground-based rodent control in a rugged, remote rainforest habitat. Treatment was conducted 1996-99, from January to April each year, using rodenticide bait stations and snap-traps. We monitored rodent numbers in 48-ha treatment and reference areas before, during, and after control. As indexed by presence of rat sign in tracking tunnels or census blocks., rodent control reduced rodent abundance 58-90% each year I month after treatment began. There was an influx of rats into the treatment area, as shown by higher than expected numbers of rats snap-trapped on the treatment perimeter. Rodent numbers recovered to approximate pretreatment levels by the beginning of the following treatment year. Cost of equipment and supplies for rodent control for the first year was about 7,000 for a 1-km(2) grid. After the first year, cost decreased to about $2,000 for 1 km(2) per year. Rodent control applied continuously for 4 months each year during the breeding season may be effective in protecting nesting forest birds, but will not provide protection to plants and invertebrates vulnerable to predation throughout the year, and it is not likely to protect avian food resources. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Nelson, JT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Isl Off, 300 Ala Moana Bldg,Room 3-122,Box 50088, Honolulu, HI USA. EM Jay_Nelson@r1.fws.gov NR 43 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 82 EP 92 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 545DC UT WOS:000175200100011 ER PT J AU Schulz, JH Millspaugh, JJ Washburn, BE Wester, GR Lanigan, JT Franson, JC AF Schulz, JH Millspaugh, JJ Washburn, BE Wester, GR Lanigan, JT Franson, JC TI Spent-shot availability and ingestion on areas managed for mourning doves SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE lead; nontoxic shot; Missouri; mourning doves; Pb; spent shot; Zenaida macroura ID LEAD SHOT AB Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) hunting is becoming increasingly popular, especially in managed shooting fields. Given the possible increase in the availability of lead (Pb) shot on these areas, our objective was to estimate availability and ingestion of spent shot at the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area (EBCA, hunted with nontoxic shot) and the James A. Reed Memorial Wildlife Area (JARWA, hunted with Pb shot) in Missouri. During 1998, we collected soil samples one or 2 weeks prior to the hunting season (prehunt) and after 4 days of dove hunting (posthunt). We also collected information on number of doves harvested, number of shots fired, shotgun gauge, and shotshell size used. Dove carcasses were collected on both areas during 1998-99. At EBCA, 60 hunters deposited an estimated 64,775 pellets/ha of nontoxic shot on or around the managed field. At JARWA, approximately 1,086,275 pellets/ha of Pb shot were deposited by 728 hunters. Our posthunt estimates of spent-shot availability from soil sampling were 0 pellets/ha for EBCA and 6,342 pellets/ha for JARWA. Our findings suggest that existing soil sampling protocols may not provide accurate estimates of spent-shot availability in managed dove shooting fields. During 1998-99, 15 of 310 (4.8%) mourning doves collected from EBCA had ingested nontoxic shot. Of those cloves, 6 (40.0%) contained greater than or equal to7 shot pellets. In comparison, only 2 of 574 (0.3%) doves collected from JARWA had ingested Pb shot. Because a greater proportion of doves ingested multiple steel pellets compared to Pb pellets, we suggest that doves feeding in fields hunted with Pb shot may succumb to acute Pb toxicosis and thus become unavailable to harvest, resulting in an underestimate of ingestion rates. Although further research is needed to test this hypothesis, our findings may partially explain why previous studies have shown few doves with ingested Pb shot despite their feeding on areas with high Pb shot availability. C1 Missouri Dept Conservat, Conservat Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Midwest Res Inst, Kansas City, MO 64015 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Schulz, JH (reprint author), Missouri Dept Conservat, Conservat Res Ctr, 1110 S Coll Ave, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238 NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 112 EP 120 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 545DC UT WOS:000175200100016 ER PT J AU Carter, J Leonard, BP AF Carter, J Leonard, BP TI A review of the literature on the worldwide distribution., spread of, and efforts to eradicate the coypu (Myocastor coypus) SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE coypu; eradication; exotic species; furbearer; herbivory; Myocastor coypus; nonindigenous species; nutria; trapping; wetlands ID FRANCE AB We conducted a literature review of coypu Wyocastor coypus) introduction and eradication efforts worldwide. The coypu (also called nutria) has been introduced from its origins in South America to every continent except Australia and Antarctica. While perceived in some regions as a valuable resource, in most regions the animals are considered a pest species. Coypus have caused damage to water control structures, crops, and marsh systems and are considered a disease host. Eradication efforts have met with varying degrees of success. For those efforts to be successful, the coypu populations must be isolated to prevent reintroduction, harsh winters are necessary to reduce their populations, and intensive trapping efforts must be sustained until the last coypu has been removed. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Carter, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. NR 91 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 5 U2 40 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 162 EP 175 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 545DC UT WOS:000175200100022 ER PT J AU Johnson, FA Kendall, WL Dubovsky, JA AF Johnson, FA Kendall, WL Dubovsky, JA TI Conditions and limitations on learning in the adaptive management of mallard harvests SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; Anas platyrhynchos; decisions; harvest; hunting; learning; models; mortality; objectives; optimization; population dynamics; reproduction; regulations; stochastic control; survival; uncertainty ID WATERFOWL HARVESTS; OPTIMIZATION; UNCERTAINTY; RESOURCES; SURVIVAL AB In 1995, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service adopted a protocol for the adaptive management of waterfowl hunting regulations (AHM) to help reduce uncertainty about the magnitude of sustainable harvests. To date, the AHM process has focused principally on the midcontinent population of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), whose dynamics are described by 4 alternative models. Collectively, these models express uncertainty (or disagreement ) about whether harvest is an additive or a compensatory form of mortality and whether the reproductive process is weakly or strongly density-depenclent. Each model is associated with a probability or "weight," which describes its relative ability to predict changes in population size. These Bayesian probabilities are updated annually using a comparison of population size predicted under each model with that observed by a monitoring program. The current AHM process is passively adaptive in the sense that there is no a priori consideration of how harvest decisions might affect discrimination among models. We contrast this approach with an actively adaptive approach, in which harvest decisions are used in part to produce the learning needed to increase long-term management performance. Our investigation suggests that the passive approach is expected to perform nearly as well as an optimal actively adaptive approach, particularly considering the nature of the model set, management objectives and constraints, and current regulatory alternatives. We offer some comments about the nature of the biological hypotheses being tested and describe some of the inherent limitations on learning in the AHM process. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Johnson, FA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 176 EP 185 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 545DC UT WOS:000175200100023 ER PT J AU Bender, LC AF Bender, LC TI Effects of bull elk demographics on age categories of harem bulls SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE age structure; breeding; bull : cow ratios; Cervus elaphus; elk; harems; harvest; hunting ID MATING SUCCESS AB Many management strategies for elk (Cervus elaphus) emphasize increasing numbers of mature bulls in the population. These strategies are usually assumed to enhance productivity via increased breeding by mature bulls. I compared age classes of harem bulls during the peak of the rut under 4 bull harvest strategies that resulted in different bull:cow ratios, mature bull:cow ratios, bull mortality rates, and proportions of mature bulls in the autumn (pre-hunting season) population. Proportions of harems held by differing age classes of bulls [mature (P<0.001), juvenile (P = 0.002), and yearling (P = 0.005)] differed by harvest strategy. Proportions held by mature bulls increased with increasing restrictions on bull harvest and were related most strongly (r(2)=0.84-0.92) to number of mature bulls:cow. For harvest strategies studied here (e.g., unharvested, aselective, or selective of older bulls), mature bulls tended >84% of harems only in populations where mature bull:cow ratios exceeded 21:100 in the autumn population. Interaction of mature bull ratios in the autumn population, harem size, and bull selectivity in the harvest strategy must be considered if increased breeding by mature harem bulls is a management goal. C1 Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Cle Elum, WA 98922 USA. RP Bender, LC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 30003,MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 193 EP 199 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 545DC UT WOS:000175200100025 ER PT J AU Main, MB Richardson, LW AF Main, MB Richardson, LW TI Response of wildlife to prescribed fire in southwest Florida pine flatwoods SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Florida habitat; infrared camera; management; Meleagris gallopavo; Odocoileus virginianus; pine flatwoods; prescribed fire; white-tailed deer; wildlife; wild turkey ID DEER AB We conducted an experiment using infrared-triggered camera traps to document relative abundance of wildlife in pine flatwoods habitat at different stages of post-fire recovery at the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge in southwest Florida. Total wildlife, which for the purposes of this study was defined as records of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) and all mammals captured on film, used pine flatwoods habitat in a fire management unit (FMU) with a post-fire recovery history of 24 months significantly more than adjacent pine flatwoods in an FMU with a post-fire recovery history of 48 months (P = 0.04). Data suggested that the relative abundance of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was also higher in the 24-month post-fire FMU (P = 0.12) compared to the 48-month FMU. To evaluate response of wildlife to prescribed fire, we burned the 48-month FMU and, after approximately 8 weeks, repeated the camera-trap surveys in the newly burned (<6-month) FMU and the adjacent FMU, now at approximately 30-months post-fire recovery. We documented a significant increase in use of the recently burned (<6-month) FMU compared to previous levels of use (48-month FMU) by total wildlife (P = 0.04) and white-tailed deer (P = 0.02). Use of the <6-month FMU by wild turkey also appeared to increase P = 0.13). No difference was detected between the <6-month and the adjacent 30-month FMU in use by total wildlife P = 0.52), white-tailed deer (P = 0.43), Florida panther (P=0.23), or wild turkey P = 0.14), although data suggested that wild turkey may have preferred the newly burned area. More importantly, our data suggested that wildlife did not avoid pine flatwoods habitat at up to 30-month post-fire recovery. Wildlife use of pine flatwoods habitat, therefore, was observed to increase in areas recently burned (<6 months post-fire), was similar between FMUs with post-fire recovery of <6 and up to 30 months, and was lowest in habitat that had not been burned for 48 months. Maintaining a prescribed-fire rotation of less than or equal to48 months, therefore, appears to improve habitat quality of pine flatwoods for white-tailed deer, wild turkey, and other wildlife in southwest Florida. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, SW Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Florida Panther Natl Wildlife Refuge, Naples, FL 33942 USA. RP Main, MB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, SW Florida Res & Educ Ctr, 2686 SR 29 N, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 11 U2 47 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 213 EP 221 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 545DC UT WOS:000175200100028 ER PT J AU Nelson, ME AF Nelson, ME TI The science, ethics, and philosophy of tooth extractions from live-captured white-tailed deer: a response to Festa-Bianchet et al. (2002) SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID MORTALITY C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Kawishiwi Field Lab, Ely, MN 55731 USA. RP Nelson, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 284 EP 288 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 545DC UT WOS:000175200100042 ER PT J AU Mosher, SM Fancy, SG AF Mosher, SM Fancy, SG TI Description of nests, eggs, and nestlings of the endangered Nightingale Reed-Warbler on Saipan, Micronesia SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-HISTORY; WHITE-EYE; BEHAVIOR; ISLAND; HABITAT AB We describe the first verified nests, eggs, and nestlings of the Nightingale Reed-Warbler (Acrocephalus luscinia), an endangered species endemic to the Mariana Islands, Micronesia. Nest composition, nest dimensions, and eggs were studied on the island of Saipan. Nests were located within three habitat types: upland introduced tangantangan (Leucaena leucocephala) forest, a native mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) wetland, and a native reed (Phragmites karka) wetland. Nesting substrates included five native and two introduced tree species and one native reed species. Nests were composed primarily of dry vine stems, needle-like branchlets of ironwood (Casuarina equisetifolia), and tangantangan petioles. Nests were compact to bulky in construction and were secured to a forked arrangement of branches or stems. The background color of eggs ranged from white to cream to ivory-buff. Eggs were spotted, speckled, and blotched with gray, brown, black, and rust colored markings. Clutch size was 2-4, with a mode of two. Hatchlings were altricial with closed eyelids and devoid of natal down with dark gray to black skin. Nestlings examined prior to fledging resembled the adult plumage, except for the lack of the yellow supercilium found in adults. The nests and eggs have some characteristics similar to those of other Acrocephaline warblers found throughout Micronesia and Polynesia. C1 Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Fish & Wildlife Dept, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Mosher, SM (reprint author), USGS, Brown Treesnake Project, POB 8255,MOU-3, Dededo, GU 96929 USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 114 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0001:DONEAN]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 603VE UT WOS:000178580800001 ER PT J AU Lanctot, RB Blanco, DE Dias, RA Isacch, JP Gill, VA Almeida, JB Delhey, K Petracci, PE Bencke, GA Balbueno, RA AF Lanctot, RB Blanco, DE Dias, RA Isacch, JP Gill, VA Almeida, JB Delhey, K Petracci, PE Bencke, GA Balbueno, RA TI Conservation status of the Buff-breasted Sandpiper: Historic and contemporary distribution and abundance in South America SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MIGRANT SHOREBIRDS; HABITAT USE; PARAGUAY AB We present historic and contemporary information on the distribution and abundance of Buff-breasted Sandpipers (Tryngites subruficollis) in South America. Historic information was collated from the literature, area ornithologists, and museums, whereas contemporary data were derived from surveys conducted throughout the main wintering range in Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil during the austral summers of 1999 and 2001. Variable circular plot sampling was used to estimate population densities. During 1999, the highest concentration of Buff-breasted Sandpipers in Argentina was in southern Bahia Samborombon (General Lavalle District) and areas north of Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon. During 2001, the highest concentrations in Brazil were at Ilha da Torotama and Lagoa do Peixe National Park. During 1999 and 2001, the highest concentrations of Buff-breasted Sandpipers in Uruguay were found along three lagoons (Laguna de Rocha, Laguna de Castillos, and Laguna Garzon) bordering the Atlantic Ocean. Population densities (birds/ha) of Buff-breasted Sandpipers were 0.11 (95% C.I. = 0.04-0.31) in Argentina, 1.62 (0.67-3.93) in Brazil, and 1.08 (0.37-3.18) in Uruguay. High turnover rates at survey sites, due to the formation of large, mobile flocks, contributed to moderately large confidence intervals around our population density estimates. Nevertheless, compared with historic accounts of Buff-breasted Sandpipers, our survey data indicate the population size of this species has declined substantially since the late 1800s and contemporary information suggests the species has continued to decline during the past three decades. Buff-breasted Sandpipers were found almost exclusively in pasturelands and appear to depend heavily upon intensive grazing by livestock, which maintain suitable short grass conditions. We discuss the need for protection of critical areas and proper range management to ensure appropriate habitat remains available for the species, and provide suggestions for future research needs. C1 USGS, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Wetlands Int, RA-1002 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Catolica Pelotas, Museu Hist Nat, BR-9601000 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Univ Mar del Plata, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Biol, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Argentina. Univ Nevada, Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol Program 314, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Fdn Zoobotan Rio Grande Do Sul, Museu Ciencias Nat, BR-90001970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Biolaw Consultoria Ambiental, BR-90050002 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. RP Lanctot, RB (reprint author), USFWS Migratory Bird Management, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RI Dias, Rafael/E-7680-2010; Delhey, Kaspar/F-6515-2010 NR 84 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 114 IS 1 BP 44 EP 72 DI 10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0044:CSOTBB]2.0.CO;2 PG 29 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 603VE UT WOS:000178580800005 ER PT J AU Rosenfield, RN Bielefeldt, J Rosenfield, LJ Taft, SJ Murphy, RK Stewart, AC AF Rosenfield, RN Bielefeldt, J Rosenfield, LJ Taft, SJ Murphy, RK Stewart, AC TI Prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae in nestling Cooper's Hawks among three North American populations SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Trichomoniasis, a digestive tract disease of raptors caused by ingesting the protozoan Trichomonas gallinae of infected columbid prey, recently was reported to be common in and an important agent of mortality among urban nestling and fledgling Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) in Arizona. However, the prevalence of T. gallinae in wild raptor populations is poorly documented. During 2000 we detected T. gallinae in only three (2.7%) among 110 nestling Cooper's Hawks at 48 nests in both urban and rural habitats in Wisconsin, North Dakota, and British Columbia. Mortality attributable to trichomoniasis among 5- to 22-month-old Cooper's Hawks was zero in the three combined study areas. Prevalence of infection by T. gallinae seems to vary greatly among nesting Cooper's Hawks across this raptor's continental breeding range. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. Racine Cty Publ Works Div, Sturtevant, WI 53177 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Coop Fishery Unit, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Des Lacs Natl Wildlife Refuge, Kenmare, ND 58746 USA. BC Environ, Victoria, BC V8W 9M1, Canada. RP Rosenfield, RN (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 114 IS 1 BP 145 EP 147 DI 10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0145:POTGIN]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 603VE UT WOS:000178580800017 ER PT J AU Shanley, JB Kendall, C Smith, TE Wolock, DM McDonnell, JJ AF Shanley, JB Kendall, C Smith, TE Wolock, DM McDonnell, JJ TI Controls on old and new water contributions to stream flow at some nested catchments in Vermont, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE snowmelt; hydrograph separation; oxygen isotopes; DOC; new water; Vermont ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; STORM RUNOFF; HYDROGRAPH SEPARATIONS; HEADWATER CATCHMENT; PRECAMBRIAN SHIELD; SLEEPERS RIVER; RIPARIAN ZONE; FROZEN SOIL; EVENT WATER; SNOWMELT AB Factors controlling the partitioning of old and new water contributions to stream flow were investigated for three events in four catchments (three of which were nested) at Sleepers River Research Watershed in Danville, Vermont. In the 1993 snowmelt period, two-component isotopic hydrograph separations showed that new water (meltwater) inputs to the stream ranged widely from 41 to 74%. and increased with catchment size (41 to 11 125 ha) (with one exception) and with open land cover (0-73%). Peak dissolved organic carbon concentrations and relative alkalinity dilution in stream water ranked in the same order among catchments as the new water fractions, suggesting that new water followed shallow flow paths. During the 1994 snowmelt, despite similar timing and magnitude of melt inputs, the new-water contribution to stream flow ranged only from 30 to 36% in the four catchments. We conclude that the uncommonly high and variable new water fractions in streamwater during the 1993 melt were caused by direct runoff of meltwater over frozen ground, which was prevalent in open land areas during the 1993 winter. In a high-intensity summer rainstorm in 1993. new water fractions were smaller relative to the 1993 snowmelt, ranging from 28 to 46%, but they ranked in the identical catchment order. Reconciliation of the contrasting patterns of new-old water partitioning in the three events appears to require an explanation that invokes multiple processes and effects, including: 1. topographically controlled increase in surface-saturated area with increasing catchment size; 2. direct runoff over frozen ground; 3. low infiltration in agriculturally compacted soils; 4. differences in soil transmissivity, which may be more relevant under dry antecedent conditions. These data highlight some of the difficulties faced by catchment hydrologists in formulating a theory of runoff generation at varying basin scales. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Shanley, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 628, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. EM jshanley@usgs.gov RI McDonnell, Jeffrey/I-6400-2013 NR 65 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 28 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 589 EP 609 DI 10.1002/hyp.312 PG 21 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 521NK UT WOS:000173846900001 ER PT J AU Dinehart, RL AF Dinehart, RL TI Bedform movement recorded by sequential in tidal rivers SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bedforms; bedload; tidal rivers; sediment transport ID BED-LOAD TRANSPORT; BEDLOAD-TRANSPORT; GRAVEL BED; SAND; EVOLUTION; MIGRATION; DYNAMICS; RATES; DUNES; RHINE AB A portable system for bedform-mapping was evaluated in the delta of the lower Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, California, from 1998 to 2000. Bedform. profiles were surveyed with a two-person crew using an array of four single-beam transducers on boats about 6 m in length. Methods for processing the bedform profiles into maps with geographic coordinates were developed for spreadsheet programs and surface-contouring software. Straight reaches were surveyed every few days or weeks to determine locations of sand deposition, net transport directions, flow thresholds for bedform regimes, and bedform-transport rates. In one channel of unidirectional flow, the portable system was used to record changes in bedform. regime through minor fluctuations of low discharge, and through high discharges near channel capacity. In another channel with reversing flows from tides, the portable system recorded directions of net bedload-transport that would be undetectable by standard bedload sampling alone. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Dinehart, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB 28 PY 2002 VL 258 IS 1-4 BP 25 EP 39 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00558-3 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 520YF UT WOS:000173810800002 ER PT J AU Cervelli, P Segall, P Johnson, K Lisowski, M Miklius, A AF Cervelli, P Segall, P Johnson, K Lisowski, M Miklius, A TI Sudden aseismic fault slip on the south flank of Kilauea volcano SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; RAPID DEFORMATION; MAUNA-LOA; HAWAII; EARTHQUAKE; BENEATH AB One of the greatest hazards associated with oceanic volcanoes is not volcanic in nature, but lies with the potential for catastrophic flank failure(1,2). Such flank failure can result in devastating tsunamis and threaten not only the immediate vicinity, but coastal cities along the entire rim of an ocean basin(3). Kilauea volcano on the island of Hawaii, USA, is a potential source of such flank failures(3,4) and has therefore been monitored by a network of continuously recording geodetic instruments, including global positioning system (GPS) receivers, tilt meters and strain meters. Here we report that, in early November 2000, this network recorded transient southeastward displacements, which we interpret as an episode of aseismic fault slip. The duration of the event was about 36 hours, it had an equivalent moment magnitude of 5.7 and a maximum slip velocity of about 6 cm per day. Inversion of the GPS data reveals a shallow-dipping thrust fault at a depth of 4.5 km that we interpret as the down-dip extension of the Hilina Pali-Holei Pali normal fault system. This demonstrates that continuously recording geodetic networks can detect accelerating slip, potentially leading to warnings of volcanic flank collapse. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. RP Cervelli, P (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Mitchell Bldg, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM cervelli@sumo.wr.usgs.gov NR 29 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 4 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 28 PY 2002 VL 415 IS 6875 BP 1014 EP 1018 DI 10.1038/4151014a PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 525MF UT WOS:000174075000042 PM 11875566 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, LR Schneider, RJ Thurman, EM AF Zimmerman, LR Schneider, RJ Thurman, EM TI Analysis and detection of the herbicides dimethenamid and flufenacet and their sulfonic and oxanilic acid degradates in natural water SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE acetamide; dimethenamid; flufenacet; degradation compounds; analysis; mass spectrometry ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; NEAR-SURFACE AQUIFERS; CHLOROACETANILIDE HERBICIDES; GROUND-WATER; METABOLITE; ALACHLOR; SOIL; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROMETRY AB Dimethenamid [2-chloro-N-(2,4-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] and flufenacet [N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-2-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)oxy] were isolated by C-18 solid-phase extraction and separated from their ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanilic acid (OXA) degradates during their elution using ethyl acetate for the parent compound, followed by methanol for the polar degradates. The parent compounds were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected-ion mode. The ESA and OXA degradates were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESPMS) in negative-ion mode. The method detection limits for a 123-mL sample ranged from 0.01,to 0.07 mug/L. These methods are compatible with existing methods and thus allow for analysis of 17 commonly used herbicides and 18 of their degradation compounds with one extraction. In a study of herbicide transport near the mouth of the Mississippi River during 1999 and 2000, dimethenamid and its ESA and OXA degradates were detected in surface water samples during the annual spring flushes. For flufenacet, the only detections at the study site were for the ESA degradates in samples collected at the peak of the herbicide spring flush in 2000. The low frequency of detections in surface water likely is due to dimethenamid and flufenacet being relatively new herbicides. In addition, detectable amounts of the stable degradates have not been detected in ground water.1 C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. Univ Bonn, Inst Agr Chem, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. RP Zimmerman, LR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RI Schneider, Rudolf J./A-3771-2009; Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011; Zimmerman, Lisa/K-6674-2012 OI Schneider, Rudolf J./0000-0003-2228-1248; NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 27 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1045 EP 1052 DI 10.1021/jf010779b PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 524CX UT WOS:000173995400016 PM 11853478 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Muller, RA AF McCabe, GJ Muller, RA TI Effects of ENSO on weather-type frequencies and properties at New Orleans, Louisiana, USA SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE El Nino; La Nina; Southern Oscillation; weather types ID EL-NINO; TELECONNECTIONS; PRECIPITATION AB Examination of historical climate records indicates a significant relation between the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and seasonal temperature and precipitation in Louisiana. In this study, a 40 yr record of twice daily (06:00 and 15:00 h local time) weather types are used to study the effects of ENSO variability on the local climate at New Orleans, Louisiana. Tropical Pacific sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) for the NINO3.4 region are used to define ENSO events (i.e. El Nino and La Nina events), and daily precipitation and temperature data for New Orleans are used to define weather-type precipitation and temperature properties. Data for winters (December through February) 1962-2000 are analyzed. The 39 winters are divided into 3 categories; winters with NINO3.4 SST anomalies < -1degreesC (La Nina events), winters with NINO3.4 anomalies > 1degreesC (El Nino events), and neutral conditions (all other years). For each category, weather-type frequencies and properties (i.e. precipitation and temperature) are determined and analyzed. Results indicate that El Nino events primarily affect precipitation characteristics of weather types at New Orleans, whereas the effects of La Nina events are most apparent in weather-type frequencies. During El Nino events, precipitation for some of the weather types is greater than during neutral and La Nina conditions and is related to increased water vapor transport from the Tropics to the Gulf of Mexico. The changes in weather-type frequencies during La Nina events are indicative of a northward shift in storm tracks and/or a decrease in storm frequency in southern Louisiana. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Louisiana State Univ, So Reg Climate Ctr, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X J9 CLIMATE RES JI Clim. Res. PD FEB 25 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.3354/cr020095 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 548FH UT WOS:000175377600001 ER PT J AU Johnson, JR Feldman, WC Lawrence, DJ Maurice, S Swindle, TD Lucey, PG AF Johnson, JR Feldman, WC Lawrence, DJ Maurice, S Swindle, TD Lucey, PG TI Lunar Prospector epithermal neutrons from impact craters and landing sites: Implications for surface maturity and hydrogen distribution SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Lunar Prospector; neutrons; epithermal; impact craters; hydrogen; landing sites; Apollo ID WATER ICE; SOLAR-WIND; TITANIUM ABUNDANCE; SOUTH-POLE; MOON; IRON; MERCURY; DEPOSITS; TOPOGRAPHY; STABILITY AB [1] Initial studies of neutron spectrometer data returned by Lunar Prospector concentrated on the discovery of enhanced hydrogen abundances near both lunar poles. However, the nonpolar data exhibit intriguing patterns that appear spatially correlated with surface features such as young impact craters (e. g., Tycho). Such immature crater materials may have low hydrogen contents because of their relative lack of exposure to solar wind-implanted volatiles. We tested this hypothesis by comparing epithermal* neutron counts (i.e., epithermal -0.057 x thermal neutrons) for Copernican-age craters classified as relatively young, intermediate, and old (as determined by previous studies of Clementine optical maturity variations). The epithermal* counts of the crater and continuous ejecta regions suggest that the youngest impact materials are relatively devoid of hydrogen in the upper 1 m of regolith. We also show that the mean hydrogen contents measured in Apollo and Luna landing site samples are only moderately well correlated to the epithermal* neutron counts at the landing sites, likely owing to the effects of rare earth elements. These results suggest that further work is required to define better how hydrogen distribution can be revealed by epithermal neutrons in order to understand more fully the nature and sources (e. g., solar wind, meteorite impacts) of volatiles in the lunar regolith. C1 US Geol Survey, Branch Astrogeol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, UMR 5572, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Johnson, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Branch Astrogeol, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015 OI Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667 NR 71 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD FEB 25 PY 2002 VL 107 IS E2 AR 5008 DI 10.1029/2000JE001430 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 609LP UT WOS:000178905300004 ER PT J AU Ross, DS Jayaweera, I AF Ross, DS Jayaweera, I TI The hydrothermolysis of the picrate anion: kinetics and mechanism SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE hydrothermolysis; ammonium picrate; nucleophilic displacement; hazardous waste disposal ID INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; NO3 AB The hydrothermolysis of the picrate anion in aqueous solution has been studied at 260-325 degreesC in liquid water. At starting pH values above 12, the disappearance of picrate begins immediately and is first order in OH-. At lower pH, there is an induction period preceding the disappearance, and over the pH range 6.7-11.9 there is no pH dependence in the developed reaction phase. Added borate and silicate salts promote the reaction, suggesting their acting as nucleophiles at hydrothermal conditions. Nitrite is an initial product, while acetate is a final product and reflective of a vigorous oxidative sequence consuming the intermediate products. A reaction sequence consistent with the results at the lower pH includes initiation of a chain process by displacement of nitrite by water. followed by nucleophilic displacement of nitrite by nitrite such that a nitro group is replaced by an O-N=O group. The ester then rapidly hydrolyzes, and the net reaction is the production of an additional nitrite with each cycle. A simple modeling of this system satisfactorily fits the experimental findings. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ross, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Bldg 15,MS 999,Rm 3274, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD FEB 25 PY 2002 VL 384 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 155 EP 162 AR PII S0040-6031(01)00789-4 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(01)00789-4 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 531LC UT WOS:000174416000013 ER PT J AU Tewksbury, JJ Martin, TE Hejl, SJ Kuehn, MJ Jenkins, JW AF Tewksbury, JJ Martin, TE Hejl, SJ Kuehn, MJ Jenkins, JW TI Parental care of a cowbird host: caught between the costs of egg-removal and nest predation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE brood parasitism; host egg-removal; nest predation; incubation ID BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD; BROOD PARASITISM; YELLOW WARBLERS; BEHAVIORAL DEFENSES; SEASONAL FECUNDITY; BIRDS; RECOGNITION; INCUBATION; SUCCESS; FEMALE AB Avian brood parasites reduce host fitness through the addition of parasitic eggs and the removal of host eggs. Both parasitic egg-addition and host egg-removal may be important sources of selection on host behaviour, creating fitness trade-offs with selection imposed by nest predation. However, the relative costs hosts suffer from egg-addition and host egg-removal and the responses to these costs are largely unstudied. Through experimental manipulations and observations, we demonstrate that increased nest attentiveness by female yellow warblers (Dendroica petechia) reduces the cost of brood parasitism by reducing egg-removal by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater). However, female attentiveness does not reduce the addition of parasitic eggs. Experimentally parasitized females respond to the threat of egg-removal by increasing nest attentiveness. Increased attentiveness, however, reduces time for females to gather food and requires males to visit the nest more often to feed incubating females. This increased activity in turn increases the risk of nest predation. Thus, brood parasitism (specifically egg-removal) and nest predation produce conflicting selection on incubation strategies, as parasitized hosts are caught between the costs of egg-removal by brood parasites, and the costs of increased nest predation if the female spends more time on the nest to reduce egg-removal. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Avian Studies Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Tewksbury, JJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, POB 700, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. EM jtewksbury@zoo.ufl.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 43 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD FEB 22 PY 2002 VL 269 IS 1489 BP 423 EP 429 DI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1894 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 529XR UT WOS:000174327000014 PM 11886632 ER PT J AU Charpentier, RR AF Charpentier, RR TI Hubbert's peak - The impending world oil shortage SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Charpentier, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 939,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 22 PY 2002 VL 295 IS 5559 BP 1470 EP 1470 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 523WV UT WOS:000173981300034 ER PT J AU Amirbahman, A Reid, AL Haines, TA Kahl, JS Arnold, C AF Amirbahman, A Reid, AL Haines, TA Kahl, JS Arnold, C TI Association of methylmercury with dissolved humic acids SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; METAL-COMPLEXES; MERCURY CONTENT; SURFACE WATERS; FULVIC-ACIDS; SUBSTANCES; SULFUR; BIOACCUMULATION; SEDIMENTS AB Sorption of methylmercury (MeHg) to three different humic acids was investigated as a function of pH an humic concentration. The extent of sorption did not show a strong pH dependence within the pH range of 5-9. Below pH 5, a decrease in adsorption for all humic samples was observed. The experimental data for equilibrium sorption of MeHg were modeled using a discrete log K spectrum approach with three weakly acidic functional groups. The modeling parameters, which were the equilibrium binding constants and the total binding capacities, represented the data well at all MeHg and humic concentrations and pH values for a given humic sample. The estimated binding constants for complexes of MeHg with humic acids were similar in magnitude to those of MeHg with thiol-containing compounds, suggesting that binding of MeHg involves the thiol groups of humic acids. The results show that only a small fraction of the reduced sulfur species in humic substances may take part in binding MeHg, but in most natural systems, this subfraction is considerably higher in concentration than ambient MeHg. The model developed here can be incorporated into speciation models to assess the bioavailability of MeHg in the presence of dissolved organic matter and competing ligands such as chloride and sulfide. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Senator George J Mitchell Ctr Environm & Watershe, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Geol Survey, Orono Field Stn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. BMG Engn Ltd, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland. RP Amirbahman, A (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 36 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 BP 690 EP 695 DI 10.1021/es0110441q PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522WB UT WOS:000173919000024 PM 11878384 ER PT J AU Patton, CJ Fischer, AE Campbell, WH Campbell, ER AF Patton, CJ Fischer, AE Campbell, WH Campbell, ER TI Corn leaf nitrate reductase - A nontoxic alternative to cadmium for photometric nitrate determinations in water samples by air-segmented continuous-flow analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITRITE AB Development, characterization, and operational details of an enzymatic, air-segmented continuous-flow analytical method for colorimetric determination of nitrate + nitrite in natural-water samples is described. This method is similar to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency method 353.2 and U.S. Geological Survey method 1-2545-90 except that nitrate is reduced to nitrite by soluble nitrate reductase (NaR, EC 1.6.6.1) purified from corn leaves rather than a packed-bed cadmium reactor. A three-channel, air-segmented continuous-flow analyzer-configured for simultaneous determination of nitrite (0.020-1.000 mg-N/L) and nitrate + nitrite (0.05-5.00 mg-N/L) by the nitrate reductase and cadmium reduction methods-was used to characterize analytical performance of the enzymatic reduction method. At a sampling rate of 90 h(-1), sample interaction was less than 1% for all three methods. Method detection limits were 0.001 mg of NO2- -N/L for nitrite, 0.003 mg of NO3- + NO2- -N/L for nitrate + nitrite by the cadmium-reduction method, and 0.006 mg of NO3- + NO2- -N/L for nitrate + nitrite by the enzymatic-reduction method. Reduction of nitrate to nitrite by both methods was greater than 95% complete over the entire calibration range. The difference between the means of nitrate + nitrite concentrations in 124 natural-water samples determined simultaneously by the two methods was not significantly different from zero at the p = 0.05 level. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Nitrate Eliminat Co Inc, Lake Linden, MI 49945 USA. RP Patton, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, POB 25046,MS 407, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 26 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 7 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 BP 729 EP 735 DI 10.1021/es011132a PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522WB UT WOS:000173919000030 PM 11878390 ER PT J AU Clements, S Schreck, CB Larsen, DA Dickhoff, WW AF Clements, S Schreck, CB Larsen, DA Dickhoff, WW TI Central administration of corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulates locomotor activity in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behavior; CRH; locomotion; teleosts; chinook; social ID COHO SALMON; FACTOR CRF; STRESS RESPONSES; RATS; PLASMA; ACCLIMATION; BLOCKADE; CORTISOL; KISUTCH; SYSTEM AB This study evaluated the effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on locomotor activity, habitat choice, and social behavior in juvenile spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). An intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of CRH caused a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity. The stimulatory effect of exogenous CRH on locomotor activity lasted for at least 24 h. Injection (ICV) of a peptide antagonist of CRH, alpha-helical CRH(9-41) (ahCRH), prevented the increase in locomotor activity when administered concurrently with CRH. Furthermore, fish administered the antagonist alone had significantly lower locomotor activity levels compared to saline-injected control fish. The effects of CRH are often dependent on the social context. However, no evidence was found that the presence of conspecifics during the testing procedure affected locomotor activity following ICV injections of CRH. Similarly, ICV injections of CRH or ahCRH did not have a significant effect on the mean time spent in contact with a conspecific. However, the position of fish in the tank was affected by the treatments, ICV injections of CRH significantly increased the amount of time that fish spent near the center of the tank. Furthermore, ICV injections of ahCRH significantly increased the mean time taken for fish to find cover in the tank. The effect of CRH and ahCRH on locomotor activity was not related to changes in plasma cortisol or thyroxine. These results support the hypothesis that endogenous CRH within the central nervous system is involved in the stimulation of locomotor activity in fish. Furthermore, CRH may also alter habitat choice in a novel environment. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, USGS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Integrat Fish Biol Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Clements, S (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 32 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 125 IS 3 BP 319 EP 327 DI 10.1006/gcen.2001.7707 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 531AB UT WOS:000174391300001 PM 11884077 ER PT J AU Leavesley, GH Markstrom, SL Restrepo, PJ Viger, RJ AF Leavesley, GH Markstrom, SL Restrepo, PJ Viger, RJ TI A modular approach to addressing model design, scale, and parameter estimation issues in distributed hydrological modelling SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Future of Distributed Modelling CY APR, 2000 CL KATHOLICKE UNIV, LEUVEN, BELGIUM SP Francqui Foundation, Katholieke Univ, UNESCO HO KATHOLICKE UNIV DE distributed models; modular models; parameter estimation; decision support systems ID SYSTEM; SCENARIOS; EUROPEEN; SHE AB A modular approach to model design and construction provides a flexible framework in which to focus the multidisciplinary research and operational efforts needed to facilitate the development, selection, and application of the most robust distributed modelling methods. A variety of modular approaches have been developed, but with little consideration for compatibility among systems and concepts. Several systems are proprietary, limiting any user interaction. The US Geological Survey modular modelling system (MMS) is a modular modelling framework that uses an open source software approach to enable all members of the scientific community to address collaboratively the many complex issues associated with the design, development, and application of distributed hydrological and environmental models. Implementation of a common modular concept is not a trivial task. However, it brings the resources of a larger community to bear on the problems of distributed modelling, provides a framework in which to compare alternative modelling approaches objectively, and provides a means of sharing the latest modelling advances. The concepts and components of the MMS are described and an example application of the MMS, in a decision-support system context, is presented to demonstrate current system capabilities. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USGS, WRD, DFC, Denver, CO USA. RP Leavesley, GH (reprint author), USGS, WRD, DFC, BOX 25046,MS412, Denver, CO USA. OI Viger, Roland/0000-0003-2520-714X NR 29 TC 74 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 17 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 173 EP 187 DI 10.1002/hyp.344 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 517HA UT WOS:000173604000002 ER PT J AU Newhall, CG Power, JA Punongbayan, RS AF Newhall, CG Power, JA Punongbayan, RS TI Pinatubo eruption - "To make grow" SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MOUNT-PINATUBO C1 Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USGS, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Philippine Inst Volcanol & Seismol, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. RP Newhall, CG (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 295 IS 5558 BP 1241 EP 1242 DI 10.1126/science.1069838 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 522ZC UT WOS:000173926000025 PM 11847325 ER PT J AU Stahl, RS Custer, TW Pochop, PA Johnston, JJ AF Stahl, RS Custer, TW Pochop, PA Johnston, JJ TI Improved method for quantifying the avicide 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride in bird tissues using a deuterated surrogate/GC/MS method SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 3-chloro-p-toluldine hydrochloride; CPTH; DRC-1339; secondary hazard ID ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY; CHEMICALS; DRC-1339; WILD AB A method using a deuterated surrogate of the avicide 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (CPTH) was developed to quantify the CPTH residues in the gastrointestinal (Gl) tract and breast muscle tissues in birds collected in CPTH-baited sunflower and rice fields. This method increased the range of a previous surrogate/gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy method from 0-2 to 0-20mug/g in tissue samples and greatly simplified the extraction procedure. The modified method also sought to increase recoveries over a range of matrix effects introduced by analyzing tissues from birds collected in the field, where the GI tract contents would be affected by varying diet. The new method was used to determine the CPTH concentration In GI tract samples fortified with CPTH-treated rice bait to simulate the consumption of varying amounts of treated bait by two nontargeted bird species, pigeon (Columbia livia) and house sparrow (Passer domesticus). The new method was then used to examine the CPTH concentrations in the gizzard contents of the targeted bird species, red-winged black bird (Agelaius phoeniceus) and brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) that were collected after feeding at a treated bait site. The method proved sufficiently sensitive to quantify CPTH in the breast muscle tissues and the gizzard contents of red-winged blackbirds and brown-headed cowbirds during an operational baiting program. The levels of CPTH determined for these birds in both tissue samples were determined to be highly correlated. The appearance of CPTH in the breast muscle tissue immediately after feeding was not anticipated. The potential secondary hazard posed by the targeted birds to potential scavengers and predators was also evaluated. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, APHIS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USGS, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Stahl, RS (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, APHIS, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 13 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 4 BP 732 EP 738 DI 10.1021/jf011003d PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 520LQ UT WOS:000173783700014 PM 11829637 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Wolock, DM AF McCabe, GJ Wolock, DM TI Trends and temperature sensitivity of moisture conditions in the conterminous United States SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE moisture index; climate change; global warming ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; DELAWARE RIVER BASIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-BALANCE; ANNUAL RUNOFF; STREAMFLOW; PRECIPITATION; INDEX; FLUCTUATIONS; VARIABILITY AB Observed (1895-1999) trends in climatic moisture conditions in the conterminous United States (US) characterized by (1) annual precipitation minus annual potential evapotranspiration (PMPE), (2) annual surplus (water that eventually becomes streamflow), and (3) annual deficit (the amount of water that must be supplied by irrigation to grow vegetation at an optimum rate) are examined. The sensitivity of moisture conditions across the conterminous US to increases in temperature also are examined. Results indicate that there have been statistically significant trends in PMPE, annual surplus, and annual deficit for some parts of the conterminous US. Most of the significant trends in PMPE have been increasing trends primarily in the eastern US. Annual surplus also has increased over the eastern US, whereas the magnitudes of annual deficit have decreased. For the conterminous US as a whole, there has been a statistically significant increase in PMPE and annual surplus; however, there is no significant trend in annual deficit. Results also indicate that PMPE and annual deficit in the warmest regions of the conterminous US are most sensitive to increases in temperature. The high sensitivity of PMPE and annual deficit in these regions to increases in temperature is related to the relation between temperature and the saturation vapor pressure of air. The increases in potential evapotranspiration for a given change in temperature are larger for high temperatures than for low temperatures. The regions with the highest sensitivity of annual surplus to increases in temperature are the humid regions of the country. In these regions, annual surplus is large and increased potential evapotranspiration, resulting from increased temperature, has a significant effect on reducing annual surplus. In the dry regions of the country, annual surplus is so low that increases in potential evapotranspiration only result in small decreases in annual surplus. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 46 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X J9 CLIMATE RES JI Clim. Res. PD FEB 12 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.3354/cr020019 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 549VX UT WOS:000175468400003 ER PT J AU Martin, TE AF Martin, TE TI A new view of avian life-history evolution tested on an incubation paradox SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE age-specific mortality; life-history evolution; clutch size; incubation period; nest attentiveness; developmental rates ID NEST PREDATION; ALTRICIAL BIRDS; HATCHING ASYNCHRONY; PARENTAL CARE; SURVIVAL; FOOD; SUCCESS; BIOLOGY; PERIOD; COSTS AB Viewing life-history evolution in birds based on an age-specific mortality framework can explain broad life-history patterns, including the long incubation periods in southern latitudes documented here. I show that incubation periods of species that are matched phylogenetically and ecologically between Argentina and Arizona are longer in Argentina. Long incubation periods have mystified scientists because they increase the accumulated risk of time-dependent mortality to young without providing a clear benefit. I hypothesize that parents of species with low adult mortality accept increased risk of mortality to their young from longer incubation if this allows reduced risk of mortality to themselves. During incubation, songbird parents can reduce risk of mortality to themselves by reducing nest attentiveness (percentage of time on the nest). Here I show that parents of species with lower adult mortality exhibit reduced nest attentiveness and that lower attentiveness is associated with longer incubation periods. However, the incubation period is also modified by juvenile mortality. Clutch size variation is also strongly correlated with age-specific mortality. Ultimately, adult and juvenile mortality explain variation in incubation and other life-history traits better than the historical paradigm. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Avian Studies Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Avian Studies Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 52 TC 177 Z9 182 U1 5 U2 53 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD FEB 7 PY 2002 VL 269 IS 1488 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1879 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 521YP UT WOS:000173869200012 PM 11839200 ER PT J AU Rowan, EL Goldhaber, MB Hatch, JR AF Rowan, EL Goldhaber, MB Hatch, JR TI Regional fluid flow as a factor in the thermal history of the Illinois basin: Constraints from fluid inclusions and the maturity of Pennsylvanian coals SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY; KENTUCKY FLUORSPAR DEPOSITS; LEAD-ZINC DEPOSITS; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; HYDROLOGIC CONSTRAINTS; POTASSIC DIAGENESIS; NORTH-AMERICA; GENESIS; MIDCONTINENT; SPHALERITE AB Vitrinite reflectance measurements on Pennsylvanian coals in the Illinois basin indicate significantly higher thermal maturity than can be explained by present-day burial depths. An interval of additional sedimentary section, now removed by erosion, has been suggested to account for the discrepancy. Although burial could indeed account for the observed maturity levels of organic matter, fluid-inclusion temperatures provide a stringent additional constraint. In this article, we combine measurements of coal maturity with fluid-inclusion temperatures from three sites to constrain the basin's thermal and burial history: the Fluorspar district at the Illinois basin's southern margin, the Upper Mississippi Valley zinc district at the basin's northern margin, and a north-central location. Two-dimensional numerical modeling of a north-south cross, section through the basin tests scenarios both with and without regional fluid flow. Vitrinite reflectance values can be matched assuming burial by 1.8-2.8 km of southward-thickening additional, ern Illinois basin, however, these burial depths and temperatures are not sufficient to account for the fluid-inclusion data. To account for both parameters with burial alone does not appear feasible. In contrast, our best hypothesis assumes a wedge of post-Pennsylvanian sediment-thickening southward to about 1.2 km and a brief period of magmatism in the Fluorspar district. Significant advective heat redistribution by northward regional fluid flow accounts for fluid-inclusion temperatures and coal maturities throughout the basin. The modeling results demonstrate the potential contribution of advective heat transport to the thermal history of the Illinois basin. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Rowan, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 84 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 86 IS 2 BP 257 EP 277 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 517KY UT WOS:000173610800004 ER PT J AU York, JP Person, M Gutowski, WJ Winter, TC AF York, JP Person, M Gutowski, WJ Winter, TC TI Putting aquifers into atmospheric simulation models: an example from the Mill Creek Watershed, northeastern Kansas SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE HYDROLOGY; GCM SIMULATION; GLOBAL CLIMATE; SCALE; SENSITIVITY; PRAIRIE; FLOW; CATCHMENT; RUNOFF; BASIN AB Aquifer-atmosphere interactions can be important in regions where the water table is shallow (<2 m). A shallow water table provides moisture for the soil and vegetation and thus acts as a source term for evapotranspiration to the atmosphere. A coupled aquifer-land surface-atmosphere model has been developed to study aquifer-atmosphere interactions in watersheds, on decadal timescales. A single column vertically discretized atmospheric model is linked to a distributed soil-vegetation-aquifer model. This physically based model was able to reproduce monthly and yearly trends in precipitation, stream discharge, and evapotranspiration, for a catchment in northeastern Kansas. However, the calculated soil moisture tended to drop to levels lower than were observed in drier years. The evapotranspiration varies spatially and seasonally and was highest in cells situated in topographic depressions where the water table is in the root zone. Annually, simulation results indicate that from 5-20% of groundwater supported evapotranspiration is drawn from the aquifer. The groundwater supported fraction of evapotranspiration is higher in drier years, when evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation. A long-term (40 year) simulation of extended drought conditions indicated that water table position is a function of groundwater hydrodynamics and cannot be predicted solely on the basis of topography. The response time of the aquifer to drought conditions was on the order of 200 years indicating that feedbacks between these two water reservoirs act on disparate time scales. With recent advances in the computational power of massively parallel supercomputers, it may soon become possible to incorporate physically based representations of aquifer hydrodynamics into general circulation models (GCM) land surface parameterization schemes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Gibson Computat Hydrol Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 1001 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM maperson@indiana.edu NR 72 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 25 IS 2 BP 221 EP 238 AR PII S0309-1708(01)00021-5 DI 10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00021-5 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 535VD UT WOS:000174666300010 ER PT J AU Anderson, AJ Jayanetti, S Mayanovic, RA Bassett, WA Chou, IM AF Anderson, AJ Jayanetti, S Mayanovic, RA Bassett, WA Chou, IM TI X-ray spectroscopic investigations of fluids in the hydrothermal diamond anvil cell: The hydration structure of aqueous La3+ up to 300 degrees C and 1600 bars SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; IN-SITU EXAFS; CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; SUPERCRITICAL CONDITIONS; COORDINATION HYDRATION; GLASSY STATES; IONS; SPECIATION; GEOCHEMISTRY AB The first direct measurements are reported for the structure of the hydrated La3+ ion in an aqueous solution (containing 0.007 m La) over a range of temperatures from 25 to 300degreesC and pressures LIP to 1600 bars. The radial distribution of atoms around the La3+ ion was measured using the X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) technique. La L-3-edge spectra were collected in the fluorescence mode from nitrate solutions in a modified hydrothermal diamond anvil cell using the PNC-CAT X-ray microprobe at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. Analysis of the XAFS spectra collected at all temperatures indicates that each La3+ ion has a hydration number of nine and that the solvating waters surround the ion in a tricapped trigonal prismatic arrangement. As temperature is increased from 25 to 300degreesC, the bond distance between the equatorial-plane O atoms and the La3+ ion increases from 2.59 +/- 0.02 to 2.79 +/- 0.04 Angstrom, whereas the bond distance between La3+ and the O atoms at the ends of the prism decrease to 2.48 +/- 0.03 Angstrom. This Study also demonstrates the unique capability of the modified hydrothermal diamond anvil cell for in situ low energy X-ray spectroscopic analysis of elements in dilute aqueous solutions at elevated temperatures and pressures. C1 St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Geol, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Springfield, MO 65804 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Anderson, AJ (reprint author), St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Geol, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. EM aanderso@stfx.ca NR 41 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 11 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD FEB-MAR PY 2002 VL 87 IS 2-3 BP 262 EP 268 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 518ZD UT WOS:000173697700007 ER PT J AU Barton, PB AF Barton, PB TI Memorial of Harold Lloyd James, 1912-2000 SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Barton, PB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD FEB-MAR PY 2002 VL 87 IS 2-3 BP 370 EP 371 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 518ZD UT WOS:000173697700024 ER PT J AU Klasner, FL Fagre, DB AF Klasner, FL Fagre, DB TI A half century of change in alpine treeline patterns at Glacier National Park, Montana, USA SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FOREST-TUNDRA ECOTONE; COLORADO; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE; SPRUCE; TREES; ZONE AB Using sequential aerial photography, we identified changes in the spatial distribution of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) habitat at the alpine treeline ecotone. Six 40-ha study sites in the McDonald Creek drainage of Glacier National Park contained subalpine fir forest,, that graded into alpine tundra. Over a 46-yr period, altitudinal changes in the location of alpine treeline ecotone were not observed. However, over this 46-yr period the area of krummholz. patch-forest. and continuous canopy forest increased by 3.4%, and tree density increased Within existing patches of krummholz and patch-forest. Change in subalpine fir vegetation patterns within 100 m of trails was also compared to areas without trails, Within 100 in of trails, the number of small, discrete krummholz stands increased compared to areas without trails, but there was no significant change in total krummholz area. We used historical terrestrial photography to expand the period (to 70 yr) considered. This photography supported the conclusions that a more abrupt ecotone transition developed from forest to tundra at alpine treeline, that tree density within forested areas increased, and that krummholz became fragmented along trails. This local assessment of fine-grained change in the alpine treeline ecotone provides a comparative base for looking at ecotone change in other mountain regions throughout the world. C1 US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Klasner, FL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. NR 42 TC 63 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 28 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 34 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.2307/1552508 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 539EC UT WOS:000174856400008 ER PT J AU Thomas, F Fauchier, J Lafferty, KD AF Thomas, F Fauchier, J Lafferty, KD TI Conflict of interest between a nematode and a trematode in an amphipod host: Test of the "sabotage" hypothesis SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphipod; conflict of interest; manipulation; nematode; trematode ID GAMMARUS-INSENSIBILIS AMPHIPODA; ONE PARASITE; TRANSMISSION; BEHAVIOR; STRATEGY AB Microphallus papillorobustus is a manipulative trematode that induces strong behavioural alterations in the gamaridean amphipod Gammarus insensibilis, making the amphipod more vulnerable to predation by aquatic birds (definitive hosts). Conversely, the sympatric nematode Gammarinema gammari uses Gammarus insensibilis as a habitat and a source of nutrition. We investigated the conflict of interest between these two parasite species by studying the consequences of mixed infection on amphipod behaviour associated with the trematode. In the field, some amphipods infected by the trematode did not display the altered behaviour. These normal amphipods also had more nematodes, suggesting that the nematode overpowered the manipulation of the trematode, a strategy that would prolong the nematode's life. We hypothesize that sabotage of the trematode by the nematode would be an adaptive strategy for the nematode consistent with recent speculation about co-operation and conflict in manipulative parasites. A behavioural test conducted in the laboratory from naturally infected amphipods yielded the same result. However, exposing amphipods to nematodes did not negate or decrease the manipulation exerted by the trematode. Similarly, experimental elimination of nematodes from amphipods did not permit trematodes to manipulate behaviour. These experimental data do not support the hypothesis that the negative association between nematodes and manipulation by the trematode is a result of the "sabotage" hypothesis. C1 IRD, Equipe Evolut Syst Symbiot, CNRS,UMR 9926, CEPM,Ctr Etude Polymorphisme Microorganismes, F-34032 Montpellier 1, France. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Thomas, F (reprint author), IRD, Equipe Evolut Syst Symbiot, CNRS,UMR 9926, CEPM,Ctr Etude Polymorphisme Microorganismes, 911 Ave Agropolis,BP 5045, F-34032 Montpellier 1, France. EM fthomas@mpl.ird.fr RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 21 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 51 IS 3 BP 296 EP 301 DI 10.1007/S00265-001-0442-2 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 528DA UT WOS:000174228100013 ER PT J AU Barka, A Akyuz, HS Altunel, E Sunal, G Cakir, Z Dikbas, A Yerli, B Armijo, R Meyer, B de Chabalier, JB Rockwell, T Dolan, JR Hartleb, R Dawson, T Christofferson, S Tucker, A Fumal, T Langridge, R Stenner, H Lettis, W Bachhuber, J Page, W AF Barka, A Akyuz, HS Altunel, E Sunal, G Cakir, Z Dikbas, A Yerli, B Armijo, R Meyer, B de Chabalier, JB Rockwell, T Dolan, JR Hartleb, R Dawson, T Christofferson, S Tucker, A Fumal, T Langridge, R Stenner, H Lettis, W Bachhuber, J Page, W TI The surface rupture and slip distribution of the 17 August 1999 Izmit earthquake (M 7.4), North Anatolian fault SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MARMARA SEA REGION; SEISMICITY; ISTANBUL AB The 17 August 1999 Izmit earthquake occurred on the northern strand of the North Anatolian fault zone. The earthquake is associated with a 145-km-long surface rupture that extends from southwest of Duzce in the east to west of Hersek delta in the west. Detailed mapping of the surface rupture shows that it consists of five segments separated by releasing step-overs; herein named the Hersek, Karamursel-Golcuk, Izmit-Sapanca Lake, Sapanca-Akyazi, and Karadere segments from west to east, respectively. The Hersek segment, which cuts the tip of a large delta plain in the western end of the rupture zone, has an orientation of N80degrees. The N70degrees-80degreesE-trending Karamursel-Golcuk segment extends along the linear southern coasts of the Izmit Gulf between Karamursel and Golcuk and produced the 470-cm maximum displacement in Golcuk. The northwest-southeast-striking Golcuk normal fault between the Karamursel-Golcuk and Izmit-Sapanca segments has 2.3-m maximum vertical displacement. The maximum dextral offset along the Izmit-Sapanea Lake segment was measured to be about 3.5 m, and its trend varies between N80degreesE and east-west. The Sapanca-Akyazi segment trends N75degrees-85degreesW and expresses a maximum displacement of 5.2 m. The Karadere segment trends N65degreesE and produced up to 1.5-m maximum displacement. The Karadere and Sapanca-Akyazi segments form fan-shape or splaying ruptures near their eastern ends where the displacement also diminished. C1 Tech Univ Istanbul, Dept Geol, Istanbul, Turkey. Osmangazi Univ, Dept Geol, Eskisehir, Turkey. Inst Phys Globe, Paris, France. So Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. William Lettis & Associates, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Pacific Gas & Elect, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Barka, A (reprint author), Tech Univ Istanbul, Dept Geol, Istanbul, Turkey. RI Cakir, Ziyadin/C-3594-2008; Armijo, Rolando/A-5715-2011; Meyer, Bertrand/E-6903-2011; de Chabalier, Jean-Bernard/F-1737-2017; OI Cakir, Ziyadin/0000-0003-3050-5619; de Chabalier, Jean-Bernard/0000-0002-5021-6702; Rockwell, Thomas/0000-0001-5319-6447 NR 20 TC 170 Z9 175 U1 2 U2 12 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 43 EP 60 DI 10.1785/0120000841 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 540LG UT WOS:000174930000004 ER PT J AU Rockwell, TK Lindvall, S Dawson, T Langridge, R Lettis, W Klinger, Y AF Rockwell, TK Lindvall, S Dawson, T Langridge, R Lettis, W Klinger, Y TI Lateral offsets on surveyed cultural features resulting from the 1999 Izmit and Duzce earthquakes, Turkey SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; PREHISTORIC EARTHQUAKES; SUPERSTITION HILLS; FAULT; CALIFORNIA; SLIP; SEQUENCE AB Surveys of offset linear cultural features that cross the surface ruptures of the 17 August and 12 November 1999 earthquakes on the North Anatolian fault in Turkey yield slip values as large as or larger than those recorded by near-field measurements in the same areas immediately after the earthquake. Using long, linear alignments of trees, fence lines, walls, and canals, we demonstrate as much as a 2-m increase in observed slip over the initial field measurements. On an average, we observed about 15% of the total lateral slip as off-fault deformation, with values ranging from 0% to 40% of the total slip. Part of this lateral deformation is accommodated by bending or drag in a zone as much as 30 m in width, although usually the zone varies between 5 and 20 m in width. This supports the idea that substantial nonbrittle, off-fault deformation is associated with ruptures in areas of alluvial fill. Alternatively, there may have been substantial afterslip, although none has been recognized on postearthquake repaired structures. Our observations suggest that postearthquake measurements of fault slip, using tape measures on offset geomorphic features, may underestimate the actual amount of slip in that event, where the nonlinearity of the offset feature does not allow recognition of the warping. Surveys of multiple tree lines within groves of poplar trees, planted in straight lines across the fault prior to the earthquake, show surprisingly large lateral variations. In one grove, slip increases by nearly 1.8 m, or 35% of the maximum measured value, over a lateral distance of nearly 100 m. This and other observations along the 1999 ruptures suggest that the lateral variability of slip observed from displaced geomorphic features in many earthquakes of the past may represent a combination of (1) actual differences in slip at the surface and (2) the difficulty in recognizing distributed nonbrittle deformation. C1 Earth Consultants Int Inc, Orange, CA 92867 USA. William Lettis Associates Inc, Valencia, CA 91355 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Inst Goel & Nucl Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. William Lettis & Associates Inc, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Earth Consultants Int Inc, 2522 N Santiago Blvd Suite B, Orange, CA 92867 USA. RI klinger, yann/B-1226-2011; OI Rockwell, Thomas/0000-0001-5319-6447 NR 19 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 79 EP 94 DI 10.1785/0120000809 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 540LG UT WOS:000174930000007 ER PT J AU Langridge, RM Stenner, HD Fumal, TE Christofferson, SA Rockwell, TK Hartleb, RD Bachhuber, J Barka, AA AF Langridge, RM Stenner, HD Fumal, TE Christofferson, SA Rockwell, TK Hartleb, RD Bachhuber, J Barka, AA TI Geometry, slip distribution, and kinematics of surface rupture on the Sakarya fault segment during the 17 August 1999 Izmit, Turkey, earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ANATOLIAN FAULT; MARMARA SEA REGION; LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; ZONE; CALIFORNIA; ISTANBUL; GEOLOGY AB The M-w 7.4 17 August 1999 Izmit earthquake ruptured five major fault segments of the dextral North Anatolian Fault Zone. The 26-km-long, N86degreesW-trending Sakarya fault segment (SFS) extends from the Sapanca releasing step-over in the west to near the town of Akyazi in the east. The SFS emerges from Lake Sapanca as two distinct fault traces that rejoin to traverse the Adapazari Plain to Akyazi. Offsets were measured across 88 cultural and natural features that cross the fault, such as roads, cornfield rows, rows of trees, walls, rails, field margins, ditches, vehicle ruts, a dike, and ground cracks. The maximum displacement observed for the Izmit earthquake (similar to5.1 m) was encountered on this segment. Dextral displacement for the SFS rises from less than I m at Lake Sapanca to greater than 5 m near Arifiye, only 3 kin away. Average slip decreases uniformly to the east from Arifiye until the fault steps left from Sagir to Kazanci to the N75degreesW, 6-km-long Akyazi strand, where slip drops to less than I m. The Akyazi strand passes eastward into the Akyazi Bend, which consists of a high-angle bend (18degrees-29degrees) between the Sakarya and Karadere fault segments, a 6-km gap in surface rupture, and high aftershock energy release. Complex structural geometries exist between the Izmit, Duzce, and 1967 Mudurnu fault segments that have arrested surface ruptures on timescales ranging from 30 sec to 88 days to 32 yr. The largest of these step-overs may have acted as a rupture segmentation boundary in previous earthquake cycles. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90008 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Istanbul Tech Univ, Eurasian Earth Sci Inst, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Langridge, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Rockwell, Thomas/0000-0001-5319-6447 NR 42 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 107 EP 125 DI 10.1785/0120000804 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 540LG UT WOS:000174930000009 ER PT J AU Harris, RA Dolan, JF Hartleb, R Day, SM AF Harris, RA Dolan, JF Hartleb, R Day, SM TI The 1999 Izmit, Turkey, earthquake: A 3D dynamic stress transfer model of intraearthquake triggering SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 17 AUGUST 1999; NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT; STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE; SEISMIC-REFLECTION; ACTIVE FAULTS; MARMARA SEA; SIMULATIONS; FRACTURE; SHADOWS AB Before the August 1999 Izmit (Kocaeli), Turkey, earthquake, theoretical studies of earthquake ruptures and geological observations had provided estimates of how far an earthquake might jump to get to a neighboring fault. Both numerical simulations and geological observations suggested that 5 km might be the upper limit if there were no transfer faults. The Izmit earthquake appears to have followed these expectations. It did not jump across any step-over wider than 5 km and was instead stopped by a narrower step-over at its eastern end and possibly by a stress shadow caused by a historic large earthquake at its western end. Our 3D spontaneous rupture simulations of the 1999 Izmit earthquake provide two new insights: (1) the west- to east-striking fault segments of this part of the North Anatolian fault are oriented so as to be low-stress faults and (2) the easternmost segment involved in the August 1999 rupture may be dipping. An interesting feature of the Izmit earthquake is that a 5-km-long gap in surface rupture and an adjacent 25degrees restraining bend in the fault zone did not stop the earthquake. The latter observation is a warning that significant fault bends in strike-slip faults may not arrest future earthquakes. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA USA. RP Harris, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Harris, Ruth/C-4184-2013 OI Harris, Ruth/0000-0002-9247-0768 NR 52 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 245 EP 255 DI 10.1785/0120000825 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 540LG UT WOS:000174930000018 ER PT J AU Ozel, O Cranswick, E Meremonte, M Erdik, M Safak, E AF Ozel, O Cranswick, E Meremonte, M Erdik, M Safak, E TI Site effects in Avcilar, west of Istanbul, Turkey, from strong- and weak-motion data SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GROUND MOTION; EARTHQUAKE AB Approximately 1000 people were killed in the collapse of buildings in Istanbul, Turkey, during the 17 August 1999 Izmit earthquake, whose epicenter was roughly 90 km cast of the city. Most of the fatalities and damage occurred in the suburb of Avcilar that is 20 km further west of the epicenter than the city proper. To investigate this pattern of damage, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kandilli Observatory & Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI), deployed portable digital seismographs at seven free-field sites in western Istanbul, to record aftershocks during the period from 24 August to 2 September. The primary objective of this deployment was to study the site effects by comparing the aftershock ground motions recorded at sites inside and outside the damaged area, and to correlate site effects with the distribution of the damaged buildings. In addition to using weak-motion data, mainshock and aftershock acceleration records from the KOERI permanent strong-motion array were also used in estimating the site effects. Site effects were estimated using S waves from both types of records. For the weak-motion data set, 22 events were selected according to the criteria of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ratio) and the number of stations recording the same event. The magnitudes of these events ranged from 3.0 to 5.2. The acceleration data set consisted of 12 events with magnitudes ranging from 4.3 to 5.8 and included two mainshock events. Results show that the amplifying frequency band is, in general, less than 4 Hz, and the physical properties of the geologic materials are capable of amplifying the motions by a factor of 5-10. In this frequency band, there is a good agreement among the spectral ratios obtained from the two mainshocks and their aftershocks. The damage pattern for the 17 August Izmit earthquake is determined by several factors. However, our study suggests that the site effects in Avcilar played an important role in contributing to the damage. C1 BU Kandilli Observ, TR-81220 Istanbul, Turkey. Earthquake Res Inst, TR-81220 Istanbul, Turkey. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Ozel, O (reprint author), BU Kandilli Observ, TR-81220 Istanbul, Turkey. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 499 EP 508 DI 10.1785/0120000827 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 540LG UT WOS:000174930000039 ER PT J AU Locat, J Lee, HJ AF Locat, J Lee, HJ TI Submarine landslides: advances and challenges SO CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE submarine slides; hazards; risk assessment; morphology; mobility; tsunami ID CANARY DEBRIS FLOW; SLOPE FAILURE; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GIANT LANDSLIDE; SAGUENAY FJORD; NORTH FLANK; NEW-JERSEY; DEPOSITS AB Due to the recent development of well-integrated surveying techniques of the sea floor, significant improvements were achieved in mapping and describing the morphology and architecture of submarine mass movements. Except for the occurrence of turbidity currents, the aquatic environment (marine and fresh water) experiences the same type of mass failure as that found on land. Submarine mass movements, however, can have run-out distances in excess of 100 km, so their impact on any offshore activity needs to be integrated over a wide area. This great mobility of submarine mass movements is still not very well understood, particularly for cases like the far-reaching debris flows mapped on the Mississippi Fan and the large submarine rock avalanches found around many volcanic islands. A major challenge ahead is the integration of mass movement mechanics in an appropriate evaluation of the hazard so that proper risk assessment methodologies can be developed and implemented for various human activities offshore, including the development of natural resources and the establishment of reliable communication corridors. C1 Univ Laval, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Locat, J (reprint author), Univ Laval, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. NR 126 TC 273 Z9 293 U1 14 U2 94 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-3674 J9 CAN GEOTECH J JI Can. Geotech. J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 39 IS 1 BP 193 EP 212 DI 10.1139/T01-089 PG 20 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 529EH UT WOS:000174286700016 ER PT J AU Snyder, CD Young, JA Lemarie, DP Smith, DR AF Snyder, CD Young, JA Lemarie, DP Smith, DR TI Influence of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) forests on aquatic invertebrate assemblages in headwater streams SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN NEW-YORK; NORTHERN NEW-JERSEY; NEW-ENGLAND; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; DISTURBANCE; DIVERSITY; EMERGENCE; INSECTS; LIMITATION AB We conducted a comparative study in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area to determine the potential long-term impacts of hemlock forest decline on stream benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages. Hemlock forests throughout eastern North America have been declining because of the hemlock woolly adelgid, an exotic insect pest. We found aquatic invertebrate community structure to be strongly correlated with forest composition. Streams draining hemlock forests supported significantly more total taxa than streams draining mixed hardwood forests, and over 8% of the taxa were strongly associated with hemlock. In addition, invertebrate taxa were more evenly distributed (i.e., higher Simpson's evenness values) in hemlock-drained streams. In contrast, the number of rare species and total densities were significantly lower in streams draining hemlock, suggesting that diversity differences observed between forest types were not related to stochastic factors associated with sampling and that streams draining mixed hardwood forests may be more productive. Analysis of stream habitat data indicated that streams draining hemlock forests had more stable thermal and hydrologic regimes. Our findings suggest that hemlock decline may result in long-term changes in headwater ecosystems leading to reductions in both within-stream (i.e., alpha) and park-wide (i.e., gamma) benthic community diversity. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources DIv, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Snyder, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources DIv, Leetown Sci Ctr, 1700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 71 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 6 U2 34 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 59 IS 2 BP 262 EP 275 DI 10.1139/F02-003 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 530AW UT WOS:000174334300007 ER PT J AU Jodice, PGR Roby, DD Hatch, SA Gill, VA Lanctot, RB Visser, GH AF Jodice, PGR Roby, DD Hatch, SA Gill, VA Lanctot, RB Visser, GH TI Does food availability affect energy expenditure rates of nesting seabirds? A supplemental-feeding experiment with Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID DOUBLY-LABELED WATER; FLYCATCHER FICEDULA-HYPOLEUCA; PIED FLYCATCHER; BROOD SIZE; BODY-MASS; COSTS; ENERGETICS; KESTREL; STRESS; REPRODUCTION AB We used a supplemental-feeding experiment, the doubly labeled water technique, and a model-selection approach based upon the Akaike Information Criterion to examine effects of food availability on energy expenditure rates of Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) raising young. Energy expenditure rates of supplementally fed females (n = 14) and males (n = 16) were 34 and 20% lower than those of control females (n = 14) and males (n = 18), respectively. Energy expenditure rates of females were more responsive to fluctuations in food availability than those of males. Fed males likely expended more energy while off the nest than fed females, possibly because of nest defense. Energy expenditure rates of fed kittiwakes were similar to values reported for kittiwakes that were either not raising young or not foraging. Parent kittiwakes, therefore, adjusted parental effort in response to variation in breeding conditions due to changes in food availability. Adjustments in reproductive effort in response to variable foraging conditions may have significant effects on the survival and productivity of individuals, and thus provide substantial fitness benefits for long-lived seabirds such as Black-legged Kittiwakes. C1 Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Groningen, Netherlands. Zool Lab, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. RP Jodice, PGR (reprint author), NW Forest Plan Monitoring Program, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 58 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 80 IS 2 BP 214 EP 222 DI 10.1139/Z01-221 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 531ZL UT WOS:000174447100004 ER PT J AU Dreitz, VJ Bennetts, RE Toland, B Kitchens, WM Collopy, MW AF Dreitz, VJ Bennetts, RE Toland, B Kitchens, WM Collopy, MW TI Snail Kite nest success and water levels: A reply to Beissinger and Snyder SO CONDOR LA English DT Editorial Material DE endangered species; Florida; information criterion; management implications; nest success; Rostrhamus sociabilis; Snail Kite; water levels ID FLORIDA; METAANALYSIS; DEMOGRAPHY; SURVIVAL AB Beissinger and Snyder present a commentary on our recent paper on spatial and temporal variability in nest success of Snail Kites (Rostrhamus sociabilis) in Florida (Dreitz et al. 2001). Beissinger and Snyder reanalyze a subset of data presented in our original paper to show that water levels have a significant influence on nest success. To make their argument, the authors conduct separate analyses for 5 of the original 11 wetlands; including only those having the most data. We agree with Beissinger and Snyder that water levels can affect nest success in some areas or years, as we stated in Dreitz et al. (2001). However, the purpose of our original paper was to examine the influences of nest success over broad spatial and temporal scales. When viewed in this context, using a meta-analysis, water levels alone explain only a small amount of the observed variation in nest success. One of the advantages of using a meta-analysis is that it uses all of the available data to provide an, indication of the overall magnitude of an effect, which can easily be misinterpreted when viewed in a narrower context of individual study sites. We discuss the management implications of these alternative perspectives on water levels in light of their effect on habitat quality and persistence. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Florida & Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Toland Environm Consulting, Melbourne, FL 32935 USA. Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Dreitz, VJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1 BP 216 EP 221 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0216:SKNSAW]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 617EJ UT WOS:000179348100028 ER PT J AU Fisher, RN Suarez, AV Case, TJ AF Fisher, RN Suarez, AV Case, TJ TI Spatial patterns in the abundance of the coastal horned lizard SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; HABITAT FRAGMENTS; ARGENTINE ANTS; EXTINCTION; INVASION; POPULATIONS; ARTHROPODS; ECOLOGY AB Coastal horned lizards (Phrynosoma coronatum) have undergone severe declines in southern California and are a candidate species for state and federal listing tinder the Endangered Species Act. Quantitative data on their habitat use, abundance, and distribution are lacking, however. We investigated the determinants of abundance for coastal horned lizards at multiple spatial scales throughout southern California. Specifically, we estimated lizard distribution and abundance by establishing 256 pitfall trap arrays clustered within 21 sites across four counties. These arrays were sampled bimonthly for 2-3 years. At each array we measured 26 "local" site descriptors and averaged these values with other "regional" measures to determine site characteristics. Our analyses were successful at identifying factors within and among sites correlated with the presence and abundance of coastal horned lizards, These factors included the absence of the invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) (and presence of native ant species eaten by the lizards), the presence of chaparral community plants, and the presence of sandy substrates. At a regional scale the relative abundance of Argentine ants was correlated with the relative amount of developed edge around a site. There was no evidence for spatial autocorrelation, even at the scale of the arrays within sites, suggesting that the determinants of the presence or absence and abundance of horned lizard can vary over relatively small spatial scales (hundreds of meters), Our results suggest that a gap-type approach may miss some of the fine-scale determinants of species abundance in fragmented habitats. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Biol 0116, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Insect Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fisher, RN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 5745 Kearn Rd,Suite M, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. NR 41 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00326.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 519KX UT WOS:000173726400020 ER PT J AU Stanley, TR Knopf, FL AF Stanley, TR Knopf, FL TI Avian responses to late-season grazing in a shrub-willow floodplain SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; IMPACT AB Riparian vegetation in western North America provides important habitat for breeding birds and valuable forage for grazing livestock. Whereas a number of studies have documented the response of riparian vegetation to the removal of cattle, few have experimentally evaluated specific grazing systems. We evaluated the responses of vegetation and breeding birds to two cycles of late-season (August-September) grazing followed by 34 months of rest on the Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado. We used a before-and-after control-impact (BACI) design, with two control (ungrazed) and two treatment (grazed) pastures composing the experimental units. Vegetation characteristics and bird densities were quantified on sample plots prior to and following two cycles of the treatment. We found no statistical differences in vegetation change and few differences in bird-density change among pastures. Inspection of means for pastures, however, suggests that changes in shrub vigor and spatial pattern differed among ungrazed and grazed pastures and that changes in population density for three of the nine bird species and three guilds studied differed among pastures. Our results suggest that habitat for grazing-sensitive birds may be restored while still allowing late-season grazing, although the rate at which species are recovered will be slower than if all cattle are removed. C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Stanley, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 225 EP 231 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00269.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 519KX UT WOS:000173726400022 ER PT J AU Celebi, M Sanli, A AF Celebi, M Sanli, A TI GPS in pioneering dynamic monitoring of long-period structures SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID WIND AB Global Positioning System (GPS) technology with 10-20-Hz sampling rates allows scientifically justified dynamic measurements of relative displacements of long-period structures. The displacement response of a simulated tall building in real time and permanent deployment of GPS units at the roof of a building are described. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first permanent deployment of GPS units (in the world) for continuous dynamic monitoring of a tall building. Data recorded from the building during a windy day is analyzed to determine the structural characteristics. When recorded during extreme motions caused by earthquakes and strong winds, such measurements can be used to compute average drift ratios and changes in dynamic characteristics, and therefore can be used by engineers and building owners or managers to assess the structural integrity and performance by establishing pre-established thresholds. Such information can be used to secure public safety and/or take steps to improve the performance of the building. C1 US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Celebi, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 21 TC 68 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 8 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD FEB PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 47 EP 61 DI 10.1193/1.1461375 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 642WE UT WOS:000180827800003 ER PT J AU Cam, E Nichols, JD Sauer, JR Hines, JE AF Cam, E Nichols, JD Sauer, JR Hines, JE TI On the estimation of species richness based on the accumulation of previously unrecorded species SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE RECAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; HETEROGENEITY; MODELS AB Estimation of species richness of local communities has become an important topic in community ecology and monitoring. Investigators can seldom enumerate all the species present in the area of interest during sampling sessions. If the location of interest is sampled repeatedly within a short time period, the number of new species recorded is typically largest in the initial sample and decreases as sampling proceeds, but new species may be detected if sampling sessions are added. The question is how to estimate the total number of species. The data collected by sampling the area of interest repeatedly can be used to build species accumulation curves: the cumulative number of species recorded as a function of the number of sampling sessions (which we refer to as "species accumulation data"). A classic approach used to compute total species richness is to fit curves to the data on species accumulation with sampling effort. This approach does not rest on direct estimation of the probability of detecting species during sampling sessions and has no underlying basis regarding the sampling process that gave rise to the data. Here we recommend a probabilistic, nonparametric estimator for species richness for use with species accumulation data. We use estimators of population size that were developed for capture-recapture data, but that can be used to estimate the size of species assemblages using species accumulation data. Models of detection probability account for the underlying sampling process. They permit variation in detection probability among species. We illustrate this approach using data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS). We describe other situations where species accumulation data are collected under different designs (e.g., over longer periods of time, or over spatial replicates) and that lend themselves to of use capture-recapture models for estimating the size of the community of interest. We discuss the assumptions and interpretations corresponding to each situation. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM ecam@sfu.ca NR 26 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD FEB PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 102 EP 108 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0587.2002.250112.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 540KN UT WOS:000174928300011 ER PT J AU Shafroth, PB Stromberg, JC Patten, DT AF Shafroth, PB Stromberg, JC Patten, DT TI Riparian vegetation response to altered disturbance and stress regimes SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE channel narrowing; disturbance; plant invasion; Populus; riparian vegetation; Salix; seedling establishment; species composition; streamflow regulation; stress; Tamarix; vegetation structure ID COTTONWOOD POPULUS-FREMONTII; SALTCEDAR TAMARIX-CHINENSIS; MIDDLE RIO-GRANDE; MISSOURI RIVER; GREAT-PLAINS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FLOW REGULATION; NORTH-DAKOTA; PLATTE RIVER; NEW-MEXICO AB River damming and flow regulation can alter disturbance and stress regimes that structure riparian ecosystems. We studied the Bill Williams River in western Arizona, USA, to understand dam-induced changes in channel width and in the areal extent, structure, species composition, and dynamics of woody riparian vegetation. We conducted parallel studies along a reference system, the Santa Maria River, an unregulated major tributary of the Bill Williams River. Flood magnitude on the Bill Williams River has been dramatically reduced since the closure of Alamo Dam in 1968: the 10-yr recurrence interval flood in the pre-dam era was 1397 m(3)/s vs. 148 m(3)/s post-dam. Post-dam average annual flows were higher due to increased precipitation in a few years, but increases in post-dam May-September flows are largely attributable to dam operation. An analysis of a time series of aerial photographs showed that channels along the Bill Williams River narrowed an average of 111 m (71%) between 1953 and 1987, with most narrowing occurring after dam closure. Multiple regression analysis revealed significant relationships among flood power, summer flows, intermittency (independent variables), and channel width (dependent variable). The pattern of channel width change along the unregulated Santa Maria River was different, with less narrowing between 1953 and 1987 and considerable widening between 1987 and 1992. Woody vegetation along the Bill Williams River was denser than that along the Santa Maria River (27 737 stems/ha vs. 7559 stems/ha, P = 0.005), though basal areas were similar (14.3 M(2)/ha vs. 10.7 M(2)/ha, P = 0.42). Patches dominated by the exotic Tamarix ramosissima were marginally (P = 0.05) more abundant along the Bill Williams River than along the Santa Maria River, whereas the abundance of patches dominated by the native Populus fremontii or Salix gooddingii was similar across rivers (P = 0.30). Relative to Populus and Salix, Tamarix dominates floodplain vegetation along the Bill Williams River (P < 0.0001). Most stands of the dominant pioneer trees on both rivers became established in the 1970s and 1980s. Recent seedling establishment occurred in wider bands along the Santa Maria River (15.3 m wide vs. 5.4 m wide on the Bill Williams River, P = 0.0009), likely due to larger floods and associated seedbed formation along the Santa Maria River. Seedling survival rates were generally higher along the Bill Williams River, perhaps due to higher summer flows. C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Montana State Univ, Mt Res Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Shafroth, PB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, 4512 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 79 TC 190 Z9 198 U1 11 U2 86 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 107 EP 123 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0107:RVRTAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 516JF UT WOS:000173549600010 ER PT J AU Boone, MD Semlitsch, RD AF Boone, MD Semlitsch, RD TI Interactions of an insecticide with competition and pond drying in amphibian communities SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE amphibian decline; anuran; Bufo woodhousii; contaminant; interactive effects; Notophthalmus viridescens; Rana blairi; Rana clamitans; Rana sphenocephala; tadpoles ID CRAB UCA-PUGNAX; CARBAMATE INSECTICIDE; FIELD ENCLOSURES; HYLID TADPOLES; CARBARYL; RANA; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; PH; METAMORPHOSIS AB Amphibian populations are often imbedded in agricultural landscapes. Therefore the potential for contamination of their habitat is considerable. Our study examined the effects of an insecticide (carbaryl, a neurotoxin), on larval amphibian communities experiencing natural stresses of competition for resources, predation, and pond drying. In a set of experimental ponds, tadpoles of three anuran species (southern leopard frog [Rana sphenocephala], plains leopard frog [R. blairi], and the Woodhouse's toad [Bufo woodhousii]) were added to 1000-L ponds containing leaf litter, plankton, two newts (Notophthalmus viridescens), and four overwintered green frog (R. clamitans) tadpoles. We manipulated the overall tadpole density (low or high), pond hydroperiod (constant or drying), and chemical exposure (0, 3.5, 5.0, or 7.0 mg/L carbaryl) of the ponds. We measured mass, time, and survival to metamorphosis to determine treatment effects. Carbaryl positively affected Woodhouse's toad survival, although it had a negligible effect on both leopard frog species. Tadpole density interacted with the chemical treatment: proportionately more Woodhouse's toads survived to metamorphosis in high-density environments than in low-density or control environments. Greater survival may be an indirect effect of increased algal food resources from carbaryl exposure. Most newts lost mass over the course of the experiment, although ponds with drying hydroperiods and high anuran density were the least favorable environments. Overwintered green frogs exposed to carbaryl had longer larval periods on average than did green frogs in control ponds. Our study demonstrated that even sublethal, short-lived contaminants can alter natural communities in ways that cannot be predicted from simple, one-factor studies. C1 Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Boone, MD (reprint author), USGS, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. OI Semlitsch, Raymond/0000-0002-7999-5762 NR 58 TC 89 Z9 93 U1 4 U2 24 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 307 EP 316 DI 10.2307/3061155 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 516JF UT WOS:000173549600025 ER PT J AU Ellingson, AR Andersen, DC AF Ellingson, AR Andersen, DC TI Spatial correlations of Diceroprocta apache and its host plants: evidence for a negative impact from Tamarix invasion SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cicada; Diceroprocta; flood-plain; plant-animal relationships; Populus; riparian; Salix; spatial analysis; Tamarix ID LOWER COLORADO RIVER; PERIODICAL CICADAS; RIPARIAN; HOMOPTERA; CICADIDAE AB 1. The hypothesis that the habitat-scale spatial distribution of the Apache cicada Diceroprocta apache Davis is Unaffected by the presence of the invasive exotic saltcedar Tamarix ramosissima as tested using data from 205 1-m(2) quadrats placed within the flood-plain of the Bill Williams River, Arizona, U.S.A. Spatial dependencies within anti between cicada density and habitat variables were estimated using Moran's I and its bivariate analogue to discern patterns and associations at spatial scales from 1 to 30 in. 2. Apache cicadas were spatially aggregated in high-density clusters averaging 3 m in diameter. A positive association between cicada density, estimated by exuvial density and the per cent canopy cover of a native tree. Goodding's willow Salix gooddingii. was detected in a non-spatial correlation analysis. No non-spatial association between cicada density and saltcedar canopy cover was detected. 3. Tests for spatial cross-correlation using the bivariate I-YZ indicated the presence of a broad-scale negative association between cicada density and saltcedar canopy cover. This result suggests that large continuous stands of saltcedar are associated with reduced cicada density. In contrast. positive associations detected at spatial scales larger than individual quadrats suggested a spill-over of high cicada density from areas featuring Goodding's willow canopy into surrounding saltcedar monoculture. 4. Taken together and considered in light of the Apache cicada's polyphagous habits the observed spatial patterns suggest that broad-scale factors such as canopy heterogeneity affect cicada habitat use more than host plant selection. This has implications for management of lower Colorado River riparian woodlands to promote cicada presence and density through maintenance or creation of stands of native trees as well as manipulation of the characteristically dense and homogeneous saltcedar canopies. C1 Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Denver, CO USA. US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Andersen, DC (reprint author), US Bur Reclamat, D-8220,POB 25007, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Andersen, Douglas/A-4563-2013 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 27 IS 1 BP 16 EP 24 DI 10.1046/j.0307-6946.2001.00387.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 530MJ UT WOS:000174361200003 ER PT J AU Kynard, B Horgan, M AF Kynard, B Horgan, M TI Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, and shortnose sturgeon, A-brevirostrum, with notes on social behavior SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE habitat preference; fish behavior; early life-history; adaptation ID LIFE-HISTORY; VISUAL PIGMENTS; NORTH-AMERICA; HUDSON RIVER; MASSACHUSETTS; PHYLOGENY; MOVEMENTS; JUVENILE; SALMON AB Ontogenetic behavior of Hudson River Atlantic sturgeon and Connecticut River shortnose sturgeon early life intervals were similar during laboratory observations. After hatching, free embryos were photonegative and sought cover. When embryos developed into larvae, fish left cover, were photopositive, and initiated downstream migration. Free embryos may remain at the spawning site instead of migrating downstream because the risk of predation at spawning sites is low. The two species are sympatric, but not closely related, so the similarities in innate behaviors suggest common adaptations, not phylogenetic relationship. Atlantic sturgeon migrated downstream for 12 days (peak, first 6 days), shortnose sturgeon migrated for 3 days, and year-0 juveniles of both species did not resume downstream migration. Short or long migrations of larvae may reflect different styles related to the total migratory distance from spawning sites to juvenile rearing areas. Atlantic sturgeon need to move a short distance to reach rearing areas and they had a long 1-step migration of 6-12 days. In contrast, shortnose sturgeon need to move a long distance to reach all rearing areas. This may be accomplished by a 2-step migration, of which the brief migration of larvae is only the first step. Early migrant Atlantic sturgeon were nocturnal, while late migrants were diurnal, and shortnose sturgeon were diurnal. These diel differences may also be adaptations for long (Atlantic sturgeon) or short (shortnose sturgeon) migrations. Cultured shortnose sturgeon, and possibly Atlantic sturgeon, have a dominance hierarchy with large fish dominant when competing for limited foraging space. Social behavior may be more important in the life history of wild sturgeons than is generally recognized. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Kynard, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. NR 52 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 23 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 2002 VL 63 IS 2 BP 137 EP 150 DI 10.1023/A:1014270129729 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 523YU UT WOS:000173985800003 ER PT J AU Levin, RB Epstein, PR Ford, TE Harrington, W Olson, E Reichard, EG AF Levin, RB Epstein, PR Ford, TE Harrington, W Olson, E Reichard, EG TI US drinking water challenges in the twenty-first century SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE drinking water; federal regulations; global warming; groundwater; public infrastructure; surface water; waterborne disease ID UNITED-STATES; GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; BY-PRODUCTS; DISEASE; QUALITY; GIARDIA AB The access of almost all 270 million U.S. residents to reliable, safe drinking water distinguishes the United States in the twentieth century from that of the nineteenth century. The United States is a relatively water-abundant country with moderate population growth; nonetheless, current trends are sufficient to strain water resources over time, especially on a regional basis. We have examined the areas of public water infrastructure, global climate effects, waterborne disease (including emerging and resurging pathogens), land use, groundwater, surface water, and the U.S. regulatory history and its horizon. These issues are integrally interrelated and cross all levels of public and private jurisdictions. We conclude that U.S. public drinking water supplies will face challenges in these areas in the next century and that solutions to at least some of them will require institutional changes. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Water & Hlth Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth & Global Environm, Boston, MA USA. Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC USA. Nat Resources Def Council, Washington, DC USA. US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA USA. RP Levin, RB (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Environm Epidemiol Program, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 140 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 27 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 110 SU 1 BP 43 EP 52 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 538BV UT WOS:000174794900005 PM 11834462 ER PT J AU Friedly, JC Kent, DB Davis, JA AF Friedly, JC Kent, DB Davis, JA TI Simulation of the mobility of metal-EDTA complexes in groundwater: The influence of contaminant metals SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; TRACER TEST; CAPE-COD; ADSORPTION; AQUIFER; SAND; DISSOLUTION; CO(II)EDTA; OXIDATION AB Reactive transport simulations were conducted to model chemical reactions between metal-EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) complexes during transport in a mildly acidic quartz-sand aquifer. Simulations were compared with the results of small-scale tracer tests wherein nickel-, zinc-, and calcium-EDTA complexes and free EDTA were injected into three distinct chemical zones of a plume of sewage-contaminated groundwater. One zone had a large mass of adsorbed, sewage-derived zinc; one zone had a large mass of adsorbed manganese resulting from mildly reducing conditions created by the sewage plume; and one zone had significantly less adsorbed manganese and negligible zinc background. The chemical model assumed that the dissolution of iron(III) from metal-hydroxypolymer coatings on the aquifer sediments by the metal-EDTA complexes was kinetically restricted. All other reactions, including metal-EDTA complexation, zinc and manganese adsorption, and aluminum hydroxide dissolution were assumed to reach equilibrium on the time scale of transport; equilibrium constants were either taken from the literature or determined independently in the laboratory. A single iron(III) dissolution rate constant was used to fit the breakthrough curves observed in the zone with negligible zinc background. Simulation results agreed well with the experimental data in all three zones, which included temporal moments derived from breakthrough curves at different distances downgradient from the injections and spatial moments calculated from synoptic samplings conducted at different times. Results show that the tracer cloud was near equilibrium with respect to Fe in the sediment after 11 m of transport in the Zn-contaminated region but remained far from equilibrium in the other two zones. Sensitivity studies showed that the relative rate of iron(III) dissolution by the different metal-EDTA complexes was less important than the fact that these reactions are rate controlled. Results suggest that the published solubility for ferrihydrite reasonably approximates the Fe solubility of the hydroxypolymer coatings on the sediments. Aluminum may be somewhat more soluble than represented by the equilibrium constant for gibbsite, and its dissolution may be rate controlled when reacting with Ca-EDTA complexes. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. MIT, Sch Chem Engn Practice, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Kent, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 3 BP 355 EP 363 DI 10.1021/es010926m PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 517TW UT WOS:000173626900026 PM 11871549 ER PT J AU Tonkin, JW Balistrieri, LS Murray, JW AF Tonkin, JW Balistrieri, LS Murray, JW TI Modeling metal removal onto natural particles formed during mixing of acid rock drainage with ambient surface water SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERACTIONS CONTROLLING ZINC; TRACE-ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY; TRISTATE MINING DISTRICT; LAKE COEUR-DALENE; MINE DRAINAGE; LEAD CONCENTRATIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; HEAVY-METALS; SEDIMENTS; SULFATE AB Studies have examined partitioning of trace metals onto natural particles to better understand the fate and transport of trace metals in the environment, but few studies have compared model predictions with field results. We evaluate the application of an empirical modeling approach, using surface complexation parameters available in the literature, to complex natural systems. In this work, the equilibrium speciation computer program PHREEQC was used along with the diffuse double-layer surface complexation model to simulate metal removal onto natural oxide particles formed during the mixing of acid rock drainage with ambient surface water. End-member solutions sampled in the Coeur d'Alene (CdA) Mining District in September 1999 from the Bunker Hill Mine and the South Fork Coeur d'Alene (SFCdA) River were filtered and mixed in several ratios. Solution chemistry was determined for end-members and mixed solutions, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the mineralogy of precipitate phases. Predicted amounts of Fe precipitates were in good agreement with measured values for particulate Fe. Surface area and reactive site characteristics were used along with surface complexation constants for ferrihydrite (Dzombak, D. A.; Morel, F. M. M. Surface Complexation Modeling: Hydrous Ferric Oxide; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1990) to predict ion sorption as a function of mixing fraction. Comparisons of model predictions with field results indicate that Pb and Cu sorption are predicted well by the model, while As, Mo, and Sb sorption are less well-predicted. Additional comparisons with particulate metal and Fe data collected from the CdA Mining District in 1996 and 1997 suggest that sorption on particulate Fe, including amorphous iron oxides and schwertmannite, may be described using universal model parameters. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Tonkin, JW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI Murray, James/0000-0002-8577-7964 NR 34 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 3 BP 484 EP 492 DI 10.1021/es0109085 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 517TW UT WOS:000173626900042 PM 11871565 ER PT J AU Welsh, SA Mangold, MF Skjeveland, JE Spells, AJ AF Welsh, SA Mangold, MF Skjeveland, JE Spells, AJ TI Distribution and movement of shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) in the Chesapeake Bay SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID RIVER AB During a reward program for Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus), 40 federally endangered shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum),were captured and reported by commercial fishers between January 1996 and January 2000 from the Chesapeake Bay. Since this is more than double the number of published records of shortnose sturgeon in the Chesapeake Bay between 1876 and 1995, little information has been available on distributions and movement. We used fishery dependent data collected during the reward program to determine the distribution of shortnose sturgeon in the Chesapeake Bay. Sonically-tagged shortnose sturgeon in the Chesapeake Bay and Delaware River were tracked to determine if individuals swim through the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. Shortnose sturgeon were primarily distributed within the upper Chesapeake Bay. The movements of one individual, tagged within the Chesapeake Bay and later relocated in the canal and Delaware River, indicated that individuals traverse the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. C1 US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maryland Fisheries Resource Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Virginia Fisheries Coordinator, Charles City, VA 23030 USA. RP Welsh, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD FEB PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 101 EP 104 DI 10.1007/BF02696053 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 544FM UT WOS:000175147600010 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Pooler, PS Swan, BL Michels, SF Hall, WR Himchak, PJ Millard, MJ AF Smith, DR Pooler, PS Swan, BL Michels, SF Hall, WR Himchak, PJ Millard, MJ TI Spatial and temporal distribution of horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) spawning in Delaware Bay: Implications for monitoring SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE; SHOREBIRDS; STOPOVER; BEACH; EGGS AB Concern for the status of horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) has increased as harvest for conch and eel bait has increased and spawning habitat has decreased. In early 1999 a workshop was held at the behest of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission to design a statistically valid survey of horseshoe crab spawning in Delaware Bay. The survey that resulted was a redesign of a volunteer-based spawning survey that began in 1990, and its network of volunteers was relied on to implement the three-stage sampling design in 1999. During May and June of 1999, 163 participants surveyed during the highest of the daily high tides on 16 beaches (8 on each side of Delaware Bay). During the first half of the spawning season, spawning was associated with lunar phases, but moderated by wave height. Disproportionately more spawning occurred within 3 d of the first new and full moons, and spawning activity (measured by an index of female density) was correlated inversely to the percent of beaches with waves greater than or equal to0.3 m. Spawning was heaviest on the Delaware shore around the full moon in May in spite of low waves in New Jersey during the new and full moons in May. Number of beaches sampled was the most important factor in determining the precision of the spawning index and power to detect a decline. Explicit consideration of statistical power has been absent from the current debate on horseshoe crab status and harvest. Those who argue against harvest restrictions because of a lack of statistically significant declines take on a burden to show that the surveys they cite have high statistical power. We show the Delaware Bay spawning survey will achieve high statistical power with sufficient sampling intensity and duration. We recommend that future Delaware Bay spawning surveys sample on 3 d around each new and full moon in May and June and increase the number of beaches to ensure high statistical power to detect trends in baywide spawning activity. C1 Leetown Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Limuli Labs, Cape May Court House, NJ 08210 USA. Delaware Div Fish & Wildlife, Little Creek, DE 19961 USA. Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. New Jersey Div Fish Game & Wildlife, Port Republic, NJ 08241 USA. NE Fisheries Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Leetown Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 1700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 23 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 12 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD FEB PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 115 EP 125 DI 10.1007/BF02696055 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 544FM UT WOS:000175147600012 ER PT J AU Shinn, EA Reich, CD Hickey, TD AF Shinn, EA Reich, CD Hickey, TD TI Seepage meters and Bernoulli's revenge SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER SEEPAGE; PERMEABLE SEDIMENTS; FLORIDA-BAY; FLUX; DISCHARGE; TRANSPORT; DEVICE; WATER; FLOW AB Evaluation of seepage data from a network of 50 permanently deployed submarine seepage meters, specially constructed from fiberglass, indicates that the devices artificially advect (Bernoulli effect) shallow ground water. Reverse flow into the rock was not observed even when adjacent piezometers installed 2-m to 20-m below the rock-water interface indicated negative groundwater heads. Quantitative testing of five different designs, including conventional end-of-oil-drum designs, indicates that meters presenting positive relief on the sea floor are subject to the Bernoulli effect when placed in areas where there are waves and/or currents. Advection does not appear to be caused by flexing of the collection bags. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Shinn, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 29 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 8 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD FEB PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 126 EP 132 DI 10.1007/BF02696056 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 544FM UT WOS:000175147600013 ER PT J AU Ludwig, KR Paces, JB AF Ludwig, KR Paces, JB TI Uranium-series dating of pedogenic silica and carbonate, Crater Flat, Nevada SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-SAMPLE DISSOLUTION; IMPURE CARBONATES; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; DESERT SOILS; ROCK-VARNISH; CALIFORNIA; TH-230; VALLEY; AGES AB A Th-230-U-234-U-238 dating study on pedogenic silica-carbonate clast rinds and matrix laminae from alluvium in Crater Flat, Nevada was conducted using small-sample thermal-ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) analyses on a large suite of samples. Though the Th-232 content of these soils is not particularly low (mostly 0.1-9 ppm), the high U content of the silica component (mostly 4-26 ppm) makes them particularly suitable for Th-230/U dating on single, 10 to 200 mg totally-digested samples using TIMS. We observed that (1) both micro- (within-rind) and macro-stratigraphic (mappable deposit) order of the Th-230/U ages were preserved in all cases; (2) back-calculated initial U-234/U-238 fall in a restricted range (typically 1.67+/-0.19), so that U-234/U-238 ages with errors of about 100 kyr (2sigma) could be reliably determined for the oldest, 400 to 1000 ka rinds; and (3) though 13 of the samples were >350 ka, only three showed evidence for an open-system history, even though the sensitivity of such old samples to isotopic disruption is very high. An attempt to use leach-residue techniques to separate pedogenic from detrital U and Th failed, yielding corrupt Th-230/U ages. We conclude that Th-230/U ages determined from totally dissolved, multiple sub-mm size subsamples provide more reliable estimates of soil chronology than methods employing larger samples, chemical enhancement of U-238/Th-232, or isochrons. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Geochronol, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ludwig, KR (reprint author), Ctr Geochronol, 2455 Ridge Rd, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. NR 53 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 BP 487 EP 506 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00786-4 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 516BG UT WOS:000173531100009 ER PT J AU Blakely, RJ Wells, RE Weaver, CS Johnson, SY AF Blakely, RJ Wells, RE Weaver, CS Johnson, SY TI Location, structure, and seismicity of the Seattle fault zone, Washington: Evidence from aeromagnetic anomalies, geologic mapping, and seismic-reflection data SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE aeromagnetic maps; Cascadia subduction zone; earthquakes; fault zones; Puget Sound; seismic reflection profiles ID PUGET-SOUND; EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS; CONSTRAINTS; LOWLAND; OREGON; BASIN AB A high-resolution aeromagnetic survey of the Puget Lowland shows details of the Seattle fault zone, an active but largely concealed east-trending zone of reverse faulting at the southern margin of the Seattle basin. Three elongate, east-trending magnetic anomalies are associated with north-dipping Tertiary strata exposed in the hanging wall; the magnetic anomalies indicate where these strata continue beneath glacial deposits. The northernmost anomaly, a narrow, elongate magnetic high, precisely correlates with magnetic Miocene volcanic conglomerate. The middle anomaly, a broad magnetic low, correlates with thick, nonmagnetic Eocene and Oligocene marine and fluvial strata. The southern anomaly, a broad, complex magnetic high, correlates with Eocene volcanic and sedimentary rocks. This tripartite package of anomalies is especially clear over Bainbridge Island west of Seattle and over the region east of Lake Washington. Although attenuated in the intervening region, the pattern can be correlated with the mapped strike of beds following a northwest-striking anticline beneath Seattle. The aeromagnetic and geologic data define three main strands of the Seattle fault zone identified in marine seismic-reflection profiles to be subparallel to mapped bedrock trends over a distance of >50 km. The locus of faulting coincides with a diffuse zone of shallow crustal seismicity and the region of uplift produced by the M 7 Seattle earthquake of A.D. 900-930. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Blakely, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 28 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 114 IS 2 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0169:LSASOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 521NC UT WOS:000173846000003 ER PT J AU Gulick, SPS Meltzer, AS Clarke, SH AF Gulick, SPS Meltzer, AS Clarke, SH TI Effect of the northward-migrating Mendocino triple junction on the Eel River forearc basin, California: Stratigraphic development SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Cascadia subduction zone; Mendocino triple junction; microplates; seismic reflection profiles ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; SAN-ANDREAS TRANSFORM; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; ACCRETIONARY WEDGES; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; THRUST BELTS; LATE NEOGENE; FUCA PLATE; TECTONICS; REGION AB The Eel River forearc basin, northern California, lies at the southern end of the Cascadia subduction zone and at the leading edge of the migrating Mendocino triple junction. Stratigraphic relationships within the Eel River forearc basin suggest that the current outer-arc high formed between ca. 3 and 2 Ma when the margin switched from a nonaccretionary to an accretionary phase and then uplifted to attain critical taper. Between ca. 2 and I Ma, an influx of sedimentation from the ancestral Klamath and Eel River systems increased the width of the northern California margin and caused continued uplift followed by widespread erosion of the western margin of the basin at ca. I Ma. In the northeastern part of the forearc basin, localized erosion of the shelf occurred at ca. 500 ka. The arrival of the northward-migrating Mendocino triple junction at ca. 500 ka is documented by uplift, northward tilting, erosion of the margin as much as 20 km north of Cape Mendocino, and reduced deposition within the forearc basin as much as 80 km north of the current position of the triple junction. Terrestrial sediments delivered to the continental margin and eroded sediments near the triple junction largely bypassed the southern part of the basin and were likely deposited in northern areas of the basin or flowed down the Eel Canyon to be deposited within the Gorda Fan. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gulick, SPS (reprint author), Univ Texas, Inst Geophys, Bldg 600,4412 Spicewood Springs Rd,Bldg 600, Austin, TX 78759 USA. RI Gulick, Sean/C-1039-2008 OI Gulick, Sean/0000-0003-4740-9068 NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 114 IS 2 BP 178 EP 191 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0178:EOTNMM>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 521NC UT WOS:000173846000004 ER PT J AU Mueller, PA Heatherington, AL Kelly, DM Wooden, JL Mogk, DW AF Mueller, PA Heatherington, AL Kelly, DM Wooden, JL Mogk, DW TI Paleoproterozoic crust within the Great Falls tectonic zone: Implications for the assembly of southern Laurentia SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Precambrian orogeny; Wyoming province; Laurentia; geochronology; isotopes; tectonics ID TRANS-HUDSON OROGEN; SEISMIC-REFLECTION; WYOMING PROVINCE; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; POTENTIAL-FIELD; CENTRAL MONTANA; WESTERN CANADA; COLLISION ZONE; IGNEOUS ROCKS; EVOLUTION AB The Great Falls tectonic zone and the Vulcan structure both have been proposed as the site of a Paleoproterozoic suture between the Archean Hearne and Wyoming provinces. Both hypotheses remain viable because all Precambrian rocks composing the Vulcan structure and much of the Great Falls tectonic zone are buried beneath Phanerozoic cover. The primary exceptions to this are the mafic to felsic igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Little Belt Mountains (Montana), previously considered the northernmost exposures of the Wyoming province. New U-Pb zircon ages from the late kinematic Pinto diorite (Pb-207/Pb-206 age: 1864 +/- 5 Ma) and a gneissic unit intruded by the Pinto (Pb-207/Pb-206 age: 1867 +/- 6 Ma), however, confirm their Paleoproterozoic age. These rocks exhibit an overall calc-alkaline affinity and the depletion in high field strength elements typical of convergent margin environments. Whole-rock Sm-Nd data (initial epsilon of -1 to +4) and a lack of premagmatic zircons indicate that the magmas were principally derived from a depleted mantle source, not from older crust. These data suggest that at least some rocks within the Great Falls tectonic zone originated at a convergent margin that developed during the closure of an ocean basin along the northwestern margin of the Wyoming craton ca. 1.9 Ga. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94050 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Mueller, PA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Mueller, Paul/B-3974-2013; OI Mueller, Paul/0000-0003-2608-193X NR 49 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 127 EP 130 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0127:PCWTGF>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 521NF UT WOS:000173846400008 ER PT J AU Almendros, J Chouet, B Dawson, P Bond, T AF Almendros, J Chouet, B Dawson, P Bond, T TI Identifying elements of the plumbing system beneath Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, from the source locations of very-long-period signals SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Kilauea volcano; very-long-period events; volcano seismology ID STROMBOLI VOLCANO; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; ASO-VOLCANO; EXPLOSIONS; ERUPTIONS; JAPAN; SEISMICITY; TREMOR AB We analyzed 16 seismic events recorded by the Hawaiian broad-band seismic network at Kilauea Volcano during the period September 9-26, 1999. Two distinct types of event are identified based on their spectral content, very-long-period (VLP) waveform, amplitude decay pattern and particle motion. We locate the VLP signals with a method based on analyses of semblance and particle motion. Different source regions are identified for the two event types. One source region is located at depths of similar to1 km beneath the northeast edge of the Halemaumau pit crater. A second region is located at depths of similar to8 km below the northwest quadrant of Kilauea caldera. Our study represents the first time that such deep sources have been identified in VLP data at Kilauea. This discovery opens the possibility of obtaining a detailed image of the location and geometry of the magma plumbing system beneath this volcano based on source locations and moment tensor inversions of VLP signals recorded by a permanent, large-aperture broad-band network. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Almendros, J (reprint author), Univ Granada, Inst Andaluz Geofis, Granada 18071, Spain. RI Almendros, Javier/M-2468-2014 OI Almendros, Javier/0000-0001-5936-6160 NR 32 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 148 IS 2 BP 303 EP 312 DI 10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01629.x PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 525GA UT WOS:000174059500010 ER PT J AU Schindler, JS AF Schindler, JS TI Afghanistan - Geology in a troubled land SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Schindler, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD FEB PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 14 EP 18 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 520JJ UT WOS:000173777700014 ER PT J AU Scanlon, BR Healy, RW Cook, PG AF Scanlon, BR Healy, RW Cook, PG TI Choosing appropriate techniques for quantifying groundwater recharge SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE groundwater recharge/water budget; numerical modeling; arid regions; unsaturated zone; groundwater age ID SOIL-WATER MOVEMENT; WETTING FRONT INSTABILITY; UNSATURATED-ZONE; DESERT SOILS; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; BASE-FLOW; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; UNCONFINED AQUIFER AB Various techniques are available to quantify recharge; however, choosing appropriate techniques is often difficult. Important considerations in choosing a technique include space/time scales, range, and reliability of recharge estimates based on different techniques; other factors may limit the application of particular techniques. The goal of the recharge study is important because it may dictate the required space/time scales of the recharge estimates. Typical study goals include water-resource evaluation, which requires information on recharge over large spatial scales and on decadal time scales; and evaluation of aquifer vulnerability to contamination, which requires detailed information on spatial variability and preferential flow. The range of recharge rates that can be estimated using different approaches should be matched to expected recharge rates at a site. The reliability of recharge estimates using different techniques is variable. Techniques based on surface-water and unsaturated-zone data provide estimates of potential recharge, whereas those based on groundwater data generally provide estimates of actual recharge. Uncertainties in each approach to estimating recharge underscore the need for application of multiple techniques to increase reliability of recharge estimates. C1 Univ Texas, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78713 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. CSIRO, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. RP Scanlon, BR (reprint author), Univ Texas, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78713 USA. EM bridget.scanlon@beg.utexas.edu RI Cook, Peter/H-3606-2011; Scanlon, Bridget/A-3105-2009 OI Scanlon, Bridget/0000-0002-1234-4199 NR 198 TC 527 Z9 555 U1 27 U2 222 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 10 IS 1 BP 18 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s10040-001-0176-2 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 534ZC UT WOS:000174618800003 ER PT J AU Healy, RW Cook, PG AF Healy, RW Cook, PG TI Using groundwater levels to estimate recharge SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE groundwater recharge; groundwater hydraulics; groundwater flow; general hydrogeology ID UNCONFINED AQUIFERS; WATER-TABLE; UNSATURATED SOILS; DELAYED DRAINAGE; SATURATED FLOW; YIELD; WELL; PENNSYLVANIA; INFILTRATION; VELOCITIES AB Accurate estimation of groundwater recharge is extremely important for proper management of groundwater systems. Many different approaches exist for estimating recharge. This paper presents a review of methods that are based on groundwater-level data. The water-table fluctuation method may be the most widely used technique for estimating recharge; it requires knowledge of specific yield and changes in water levels over time. Advantages of this approach include its simplicity and an insensitivity to the mechanism by which water moves through the unsaturated zone. Uncertainty in estimates generated by this method relate to the limited accuracy with which specific yield can be determined and to the extent to which assumptions inherent in the method are valid. Other methods that use water levels (mostly based on the Darcy equation) are also described. The theory underlying the methods is explained. Examples from the literature are used to illustrate applications of the different methods. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. CSIRO Land & Water, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. RP Healy, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 413,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RI Cook, Peter/H-3606-2011 NR 86 TC 339 Z9 353 U1 16 U2 111 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 10 IS 1 BP 91 EP 109 DI 10.1007/s10040-001-0178-0 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 534ZC UT WOS:000174618800007 ER PT J AU Sanford, W AF Sanford, W TI Recharge and groundwater models: an overview SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE groundwater recharge; geologic fabric; numerical modeling; inverse modeling ID WATER-TABLE RECHARGE; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; INVERSE PROBLEM; FLOW; AQUIFER; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; PARAMETERS; DISPERSION; TRANSIENT AB Recharge is a fundamental component of groundwater systems, and in groundwater-modeling exercises recharge is either measured and specified or estimated during model calibration. The most appropriate way to represent recharge in a groundwater model depends upon both physical factors and study objectives. Where the water table is close to the land surface, as in humid climates or regions with low topographic relief, a constant-head boundary condition is used. Conversely, where the water table is relatively deep, as in drier climates or regions with high relief, a specified-flux boundary condition is used. In most modeling applications, mixed-type conditions are more effective, or a combination of the different types can be used. The relative distribution of recharge can be estimated from water-level data only, but flux observations must be incorporated in order to estimate rates of recharge. Flux measurements are based on either Darcian velocities (e.g., stream baseflow) or seepage velocities (e.g., groundwater age). In order to estimate the effective porosity independently, both types of flux measurements must be available. Recharge is often estimated more efficiently when automated inverse techniques are used. Other important applications are the delineation of areas contributing recharge to wells and the estimation of paleorecharge rates using carbon-14. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Sanford, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 69 TC 105 Z9 111 U1 6 U2 64 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 10 IS 1 BP 110 EP 120 DI 10.1007/s10040-001-0173-5 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 534ZC UT WOS:000174618800008 ER PT J AU Bohlke, JK AF Bohlke, JK TI Groundwater recharge and agricultural contamination SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE agriculture; contamination; groundwater recharge ID DATING YOUNG GROUNDWATER; NITROGEN ISOTOPE VALUES; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; UNITED-STATES; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS; SURFACE-WATER; LIMESTONE AQUIFER; UNSATURATED ZONE; SANDY AQUIFER AB Agriculture has had direct and indirect effects on the rates and compositions of groundwater recharge and aquifer biogeochemistry. Direct effects include dissolution and transport of excess quantities of fertilizers and associated materials and hydrologic alterations related to irrigation and drainage. Some indirect effects include changes in water-rock reactions in soils and aquifers caused by increased concentrations of dissolved oxidants, protons, and major ions. Agricultural activities have directly or indirectly affected the concentrations of a large number of inorganic chemicals in groundwater, for example NO3-, N-2, Cl, SO42-, H+, P, C, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, and As, as well as a wide variety of pesticides and other organic compounds. For reactive contaminants like NO3-, a combination of chemical, isotopic, and environmental-tracer analytical approaches might be required to resolve changing inputs from subsequent alterations as causes of concentration gradients in groundwater. Groundwater records derived from multicomponent hydrostratigraphic data can be used to quantify recharge rates and residence times of water and dissolved contaminants, document past variations in recharging contaminant loads, and identify natural contaminant-remediation processes. These data indicate that many of the world's surficial aquifers contain transient records of changing agricultural contamination from the last half of the 20th century. The transient agricultural groundwater signal has important implications for long-term trends and spatial heterogeneity in discharge. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Bohlke, JK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 184 TC 279 Z9 288 U1 26 U2 159 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 10 IS 1 BP 153 EP 179 DI 10.1007/s10040-001-0183-3 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 534ZC UT WOS:000174618800011 ER PT J AU Flint, AL Flint, LE Kwicklis, EM Fabryka-Martin, JT Bodvarsson, GS AF Flint, AL Flint, LE Kwicklis, EM Fabryka-Martin, JT Bodvarsson, GS TI Estimating recharge at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA: comparison of methods SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE groundwater recharge; infiltration; unsaturated zone; arid regions; USA ID UNSATURATED ZONE; VEIN CALCITE; PRECIPITATION; TRANSPORT; CHLORIDE; RECORD; MODEL; GASES AB Obtaining values of net infiltration, groundwater travel time, and recharge is necessary at the Yucca Mountain site, Nevada, USA, in order to evaluate the expected performance of a potential repository as a containment system for high-level radioactive waste. However, the geologic complexities of this site, its low precipitation and net infiltration, with numerous mechanisms operating simultaneously to move water through the system, provide many challenges for the estimation of the spatial distribution of recharge. A variety of methods appropriate for and environments has been applied, including water-balance techniques, calculations using Darcy's law in the unsaturated zone, a soil-physics method applied to neutron-hole water-content data, inverse modeling of thermal profiles in boreholes extending through the thick unsaturated zone, chloride mass balance, atmospheric radionuclides, and empirical approaches. These methods indicate that near-surface infiltration rates at Yucca Mountain are highly variable in time and space, with local (point) values ranging from zero to several hundred millimeters per year. Spatially distributed net-infiltration values average 5 mm/year, with the highest values approaching 20 nun/year near Yucca Crest. Site-scale recharge estimates range from less than I to about 12 mm/year. These results have been incorporated into a site-scale model that has been calibrated using these data sets that reflect infiltration processes acting on highly variable temporal and spatial scales. The modeling study predicts highly non-uniform recharge at the water table, distributed significantly differently from the non-uniform infiltration pattern at the surface. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Flint, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. NR 57 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 10 IS 1 BP 180 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s10040-001-0169-1 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 534ZC UT WOS:000174618800012 ER PT J AU Chapman, MG Tanaka, KL AF Chapman, MG Tanaka, KL TI Related magma-ice interactions: Possible origins of chasmata, chaos, and surface materials in Xanthe, Margaritifer, and Meridiani Terrae, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Review DE Mars; volcanism; chasmata; tuya; jokulhlaup ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; VALLES-MARINERIS; MARTIAN SURFACE; LAYERED DEPOSITS; SINUS-MERIDIANI; THARSIS REGION; WESTERN-ARABIA; EVOLUTION; WATER; ERUPTION AB We examine here the close spatial and temporal associations among several unique features of Xanthe and Margaritifer Terrae, specifically the Valles Marineris troughs or chasmata and their interior deposits, chaotic terrain, the circum-Chryse outflow channels, and the subdued cratered material that covers Xanthe, Margaritifer, and Meridiani Terrae. Though previous hypotheses have attempted to explain the origin of individual features or subsets of these, we suggest that they may all be related, All of these features taken together present a consistent scenario that includes the processes of sub-ice volcanism and other magma/ice interactions, results of intrusive events during Late Noachian to Early Amazonian times. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Chapman, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 113 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2002 VL 155 IS 2 BP 324 EP 339 DI 10.1006/icar.2001.6735 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 548GN UT WOS:000175380400005 ER PT J AU Huang, C Davis, LS Townshend, JRG AF Huang, C Davis, LS Townshend, JRG TI An assessment of support vector machines for land cover classification SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; THEMATIC MAPPER; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; NEURAL NETWORKS; ACCURACY; ALGORITHMS; CLASSIFIERS; COEFFICIENT; PARAMETERS; AGREEMENT AB The support vector machine (SVM) is a group of theoretically superior machine learning algorithms. It was found competitive with the best available machine learning algorithms in classifying high-dimensional data sets. This paper gives an introduction to the theoretical development of the SVM and an experimental evaluation of its accuracy, stability and training speed in deriving land cover classifications from satellite images. The SVM was compared to three other popular classifiers, including the maximum likelihood classifier (MLC), neural network classifiers (NNC) and decision tree classifiers (DTC). The impacts of kernel configuration on the performance of the SVM and of the selection of training data and input variables on the four classifiers were also evaluated in this experiment. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Huang, C (reprint author), Raytheon ITSS, USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57108 USA. NR 54 TC 581 Z9 632 U1 7 U2 82 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 23 IS 4 BP 725 EP 749 DI 10.1080/01431160110040323 PG 25 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 508UW UT WOS:000173109000009 ER PT J AU Irby, LR Norland, JE Westfall, JA Sullivan, MA AF Irby, LR Norland, JE Westfall, JA Sullivan, MA TI Evaluation of a forage allocation model for Theodore Roosevelt National Park SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forage allocation; bison; elk; mule deer; horses ID GROWING HORSES; RATES AB We developed a forage allocation model using a deterministic, linear optimization module in a commercially available spreadsheet package to help resource managers in Theodore Roosevelt National Park (TRNP), North Dakota determine optimum numbers of four ungulate species, bison (Bison bison), elk (Cervus elaphus), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and feral horses, in the Park. TRNP staff actively managed bison, elk, and feral horse numbers within bounds suggested by our model from 1983 to 1996. During this period, we measured vegetation at 8 grassland and 12 wooded sites at 1-3 year intervals to determine if model solutions were appropriate for maintaining stable conditions in important plant communities in the Park. The data we recorded at these sites indicated minimal change in plant communities from 1983 to 1996, Changes in most vegetation categories that we expected when animal numbers exceeded model optimums for short periods (decreases in coverage/stem numbers of palatable plant species, increases in bare ground or unpalatable plant species) did not occur consistently under high or low precipitation conditions. The lack of sensitivity of our model to decreases in overall production of palatable plant species that occurred due to drought, fire, expansion of black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies, and the spread of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) in areas of the Park where we did not have monitoring sites suggested that the model under-estimated the total number of ungulates that the Park could support. Management for population levels of ungulates defined by the model probably led to over protection of common plant communities and insufficient protection of rare plant communities. Detecting changes in rare plant communities could have been accomplished by re-designing our vegetation monitoring program, but changing emphasis to protection of rare plants would have likely promoted under use of grazing-tolerant habitat types, dissatisfaction in tourists visiting the Park to see large mammals, and large increases in cost and intrusiveness of management activities such as fencing and control of ungulate populations. The model was a flawed representation of grazing dynamics in TRNP, but we believe it succeeded in making management personnel aware of the biological constraints they face when making management decisions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pleasantville, NJ 08232 USA. Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Malta, MT 59538 USA. RP Irby, LR (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM ubili@montana.edu NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 64 IS 2 BP 153 EP 169 DI 10.1006/jema.2001.0514 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 532YT UT WOS:000174503200005 PM 11995238 ER PT J AU Aiken, G Kaplan, LA Weishaar, J AF Aiken, G Kaplan, LA Weishaar, J TI Assessment of relative accuracy in the determination of organic matter concentrations in aquatic systems SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID WATER; OXIDATION; CARBON AB Accurate determinations of total (TOC). dissolved (DOC) and particulate (POC) organic carbon concentrations are critical for understanding the geochemical, environmental, and ecological roles of aquatic organic matter. Of particular significance for the drinking water industry, TOC measurements are the basis for compliance with US EPA regulations. The results of an interlaboratory comparison designed to identify problems associated with the determination of organic matter concentrations in drinking water supplies are presented. The study involved 31 laboratories and a variety of commercially available analytical instruments. All participating laboratories performed well on samples of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP), a compound commonly used as a standard in carbon analysis. However. problems associated with the oxidation Of difficult to Oxidize compounds. such as dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and caffeine, were noted. Humic substances posed fewer problems for analysts. Particulate organic matter (POM) in the form of polystyrene beads, freeze-dried bacteria and pulverized leaf material were the most difficult for all analysts. with a wide range of performances reported. The POM results indicate that the methods surveyed in this study are inappropriate for the accurate determination of POC and TOC concentration. Finally. several analysts had difficulty in efficiently separating inorganic carbon from KHP solutions. thereby biasing DOC results. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA 19311 USA. RP Aiken, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 4 IS 1 BP 70 EP 74 DI 10.1039/b107322m PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 530NM UT WOS:000174364600015 PM 11871711 ER PT J AU Woody, CA Nelson, J Ramstad, K AF Woody, CA Nelson, J Ramstad, K TI Clove oil as an anaesthetic for adult sockeye salmon: field trials SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clove oil; sockeye salmon; Oncorhynchus nerka; fish anaesthesia ID FISH; EFFICACY AB Wild migrating sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka exposed to 20, 50 and 80 mg l(-1) of clove oil could be handled within 3 thin, recovered within 10 min. and survived 15 min exposure trials. Fish tested at 110 mg l(-1) did not recover from 15 min exposure trials. Response cures developed for induction and recovery time considered the following predictors: clove oil concentration, sex, fish length and depth. A significant positive dependence was observed between induction time and fish length for 20, 50 and 80 mg l(-1) test concentrations: no dependence was observed between induction time and length at 110 and 140 mg l(-1). Recovery time differed as a function of clove oil concentration, but not fish size. A concentration of 50 mg l(-1) is recommended for anaesthetizing sockeye salmon ranging in length from 400 to 550 mm at water temperatures averaging 9 10degreesC. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Woody, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RI Ramstad, Kristina/G-3728-2014 NR 17 TC 86 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 60 IS 2 BP 340 EP 347 DI 10.1006/jfbi.2001.1842 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 532ZN UT WOS:000174505100006 ER PT J AU Fellers, GM Pierson, ED AF Fellers, GM Pierson, ED TI Habitat use and foraging behavior of Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii) in coastal California SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE bat; Chiroptera; Corynorhinus townsendii; foraging; habitat use; radiotelemetry; roost sites ID PLECOTUS-TOWNSENDII; EUDERMA-MACULATUM; ROOST SELECTION; INGENS; MYOTIS; VIRGINIANUS; KENTUCKY; OKLAHOMA; ECOLOGY; CAVES AB Radiotracking studies of Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii) were conducted in grazed grassland and coastal forest (California bay, Douglas-fir, and redwood) at Point Reyes National Seashore in coastal central California. Radiotagged bats were used to determine the foraging patterns of both female and male bats and to locate alternate roost sites. The animals showed considerable loyalty to their primary roost sites even though the study was conducted after the nursery period had ended, when the bats would normally be dispersing for the season. Foraging patterns differed between male and female bats, with females traveling greater distances than males. Males consistently stayed close to the maternity colony both during day and night. Both sexes flew in the immediate vicinity of vegetation, both when foraging and when traveling from the roost to foraging areas. Foraging activity was concentrated primarily along the edges of riparian vegetation. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. EM gary_fellers@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 83 IS 1 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0167:HUAFBO>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 524ZD UT WOS:000174042000017 ER PT J AU Olson, TL Lindzey, FG AF Olson, TL Lindzey, FG TI Swift fox survival and production in southeastern Wyoming SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE canine distemper virus; litter size; sagebrush steppe; survival rates; swift fox; Vulpes velox; Wyoming ID KIT FOXES; SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE; VULPES-VULPES; IMMOBILIZATION; MORTALITY; MOVEMENTS; RATES; PREY AB We estimated annual survival rates of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) and documented number of young per pair in a transition zone between shortgrass prairie and sagebrush steppe plant communities in southeastern Wyoming during 1996-2000. Annual adult survival ranged from 40% to 69%, with predation by coyotes (Canis latrans) the primary cause of deaths. Two foxes died of canine distemper virus. Annual survival rates did not differ among years (P > 0.12). Nineteen of 24 (79%) swift fox pairs were observed with young over 3 years. Mean minimum litter size was 4.6 based on these 19 litters and 6 others not associated with our radiocollared foxes. Adult survival was similar and litter size slightly larger than observed elsewhere in the species range, suggesting that viable swift fox populations can be supported by sagebrush steppe and shortgrass prairie transition habitat. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Wyoming Cooperat Fis & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Olson, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Wyoming Cooperat Fis & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 83 IS 1 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0199:SFSAPI>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 524ZD UT WOS:000174042000020 ER PT J AU Hershler, R Liu, HP Landye, JJ AF Hershler, R Liu, HP Landye, JJ TI A new species of Eremopyrgus (Hydrobiidae : Cochliopinae) from the Chihuahuan Desert, Mexico: Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography SO JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES LA English DT Article ID ANCESTRAL COLORADO RIVER; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SNAILS GASTROPODA; GREAT-BASIN; RISSOOIDEA; GENUS AB A new species of hydrobiid gastropod, Eremopyrgus elegans, is described from northwestern Chihuahua state, Mexico. This new species inhabits a single spring more than 1000 kin south-southeast of waters occupied by its sole congener (E. eganensis), which lives in cast-central Nevada. Eremapygus elegans differs from its congener in its narrower shell, larger number of shell whorls, tilted shell apex, location of glandular lobe on the outer edge of the penis, presence of a terminal penial papilla, and 12 additional anatomical features. Although well differentiated, these two species share an unique type of glandular penial lobe and distinctive female genitalic organs, and their monophyly within the Cochliopinae is supported by a phylogenetic analysis based on a partial sequence of the mitochondrial COI gene. Our phylogenetic analysis depicts Eremopyrgus as sister to Zetekina, which is distributed along the Pacific Coast of southern Central America. We conjecture that the broadly disjunct distribution of Eremopyrgus. which cute. across the structural grain of western North America, may reflect the trace of a prior inland 'invasion' by coastal progenitors. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fishery Res Off, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. RP Hershler, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0260-1230 J9 J MOLLUS STUD JI J. Molluscan Stud. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 68 BP 7 EP 15 DI 10.1093/mollus/68.1.7 PN 1 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 535LJ UT WOS:000174645700002 ER PT J AU Choudhury, A Daverdin, RH Brooks, DR AF Choudhury, A Daverdin, RH Brooks, DR TI Wallinia chavarriae n. sp (Trematoda : Macroderoididae) in Astyanax aeneus (Gunther, 1860) and Bryconamericus scleroparius (Regan, 1908) (Osteichthyes : Characidae) from the Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Costa Rica SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONJUNCTIVAL SAC; SP MONOGENEA; POLYSTOMATIDAE; PARASITES AB Wallinia chavarriae n. sp. is described from the small-bodied characids Astyanax aeneus and Bryconamericus scleroparius in the Area do Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica. The species differs from W. valenciae in possessing an acetabulum that is smaller than the oral sucker and vitelline follicles that are ovoid or rounded rather than elongate and tubular. Detailed comparison between these 2 species is handicapped by the less than satisfactory condition of the type and only museum specimen of W. valenciae. Wallinia chavarriae and W. valenciae belong to a subfamily of trematodes, Walliniinae, that arguably includes Creptotrematina spp., Magnivitellum. simplex, and possibly Margotrema. The morphology of walliniines suggests that they are macroderoidids, but a clearer understanding of their classification could be gained from their larval morphology or from molecular systematic studies. The host associations of a monophyletic Walliniinae would indicate diversification within 2 groups of freshwater fishes: the neotropical characids for species of Wallinia, Creptotrematina, and Magnivitellum and the endemic central Mexican goodeids for those of Margotrema. The biogeography and host associations of these parasites provide a system for studies of potential host switching and vicariance, involving the middle-American and neotropical regions. C1 USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Choudhury, A (reprint author), St Norbert Coll, Div Nat Sci, John Minahan Sci Hall,100 Grant St, De Pere, WI 54115 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 88 IS 1 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0107:WCNSTM]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 527YJ UT WOS:000174215300019 PM 12053949 ER PT J AU Bowen, ZH Waltermire, RG AF Bowen, ZH Waltermire, RG TI Evaluation of light detection and ranging (LIDAR) for measuring river corridor topography SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE LIDAR - remote sensing; instream flow studies; aquatic ecosystems; watershed management; Geographic Information Systems; surveying ID SATELLITE AB LIDAR is relatively new in the commercial market for remote sensing of topography and it is difficult to find objective reporting on the accuracy of LIDAR measurements in an applied context. Accuracy specifications for LIDAR data in published evaluations range from 1 to 2 m root mean square error (RMSEx,y) and 15 to 20 cm RMSEz. Most of these estimates are based on measurements over relatively flat, homogeneous terrain. This study evaluated the accuracy of one LIDAR data set over a range of terrain types in a western river corridor. Elevation errors based on measurements over all terrain types were larger (RMSEz equals 43 cm) than values typically reported. This result is largely attributable to horizontal positioning limitations (1 to 2 m RMSEx,y) in areas with variable terrain and large topographic relief. Cross-sectional profiles indicated algorithms that were effective for removing vegetation in relatively flat terrain were less effective near the active channel where dense vegetation was found in a narrow band along a low terrace. LIDAR provides relatively accurate data at densities (50,000 to 100,000 points per km(2)) not feasible with other survey technologies. Other options for projects requiring higher accuracy include low-altitude aerial photography and intensive ground surveying. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Bowen, ZH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4512 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 14 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb01532.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 531JC UT WOS:000174411400004 ER PT J AU Apodaca, LE Bails, JB Smith, CM AF Apodaca, LE Bails, JB Smith, CM TI Water quality in shallow alluvial aquifers, upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, 1997 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE water quality; ground water; land use; Upper Colorado River Basin; Colorado AB Shallow ground water in areas of increasing urban development within the Upper Colorado River Basin was sampled for inorganic and organic constituents to characterize water-quality conditions and to identify potential anthropogenic effects resulting from development. In 1997, 25 shallow monitoring wells were installed and sampled in five areas of urban development in Eagle, Grand, Gunnison, and Summit Counties, Colorado. The results of this study indicate that the shallow ground water in the study area is suitable for most uses. Nonparametric statistical methods showed that constituents and parameters measured in the shallow wells were often significantly different between the five developing urban areas. Radon concentrations exceeded the proposed USEPA maximum contaminant level at all sites. The presence of nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds indicate anthropogenic activities are affecting the shallow ground-water quality in the study area. Nitrate as N concentrations greater than 2.0 mg/L were observed in ground water recharged between the 1980s and 1990s. Low concentrations of methylene blue active substances were detected at a few sites. Total coliform bacteria were detected at ten sites; however, E. coli was not detected. Continued monitoring is needed to assess the effects of increasing urban development on the shallow ground-water quality in the study area. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Project Resources Inc, Denver, CO 80221 USA. RP Apodaca, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 133 EP 149 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb01541.x PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 531JC UT WOS:000174411400013 ER PT J AU Bidlake, WR AF Bidlake, WR TI Evapotranspiration and canopy resistance at an undeveloped prairie in a humid subtropical climate SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration measurement; evapotranspiration modeling; surface energy balance; eddy covariance; Bowen ratio energy balance; canopy resistance; Penman-Monteith equation; micrometeorology ID MODELING SURFACE CONDUCTANCE; EDDY-CORRELATION; FOREST AB Reliable estimates of evapotranspiration from areas of wildland vegetation are needed for many types of water-resource investigations. However, little is known about surface fluxes from many areally important vegetation types, and relatively few comparisons have been made to examine how well evapotranspiration models can predict evapotranspiration for soil-, climate-, or vegetation-types that differ from those under which the models have been calibrated. In this investigation at a prairie site in west-central Florida, latent heat flux (lambdaE) computed from the energy balance and alternatively by eddy covariance during a 15-month period differed by 4 percent and 7 percent on hourly and daily time scales, respectively, Annual evapotranspiration computed from the energy balance and by eddy covariance were 978 and 944 mm, respectively. An hourly Penman-Monteith (PM) evapotranspiration model with stomatal control predicated on water-vapor-pressure deficit at canopy level, incoming solar radiation intensity, and soil water deficit was developed and calibrated using surface fluxes from eddy covariance. Model-predicted lambdaE agreed closely with lambdaE computed from the energy balance except when moisture from dew or precipitation covered vegetation surfaces. Finally, an hourly PM model developed for an Amazonian pasture predicted lambdaE for the Florida prairie with unexpected reliability. Additional comparisons of PM-type models that have been developed for differing types of short vegetation could aid in assessing interchangeability of such models. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 1201 Pacific Ave,Suite 600, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM wbidlake@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 197 EP 211 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb01546.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 531JC UT WOS:000174411400018 ER PT J AU Frenzel, SA Couvillion, CS AF Frenzel, SA Couvillion, CS TI Fecal-indicator bacteria in streams along a gradient of residential development SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE fecal-indicator bacteria; E. coli; enterococci; water quality; population density; residential; Anchorage ID URBAN RUNOFF; URBANIZATION; QUALITY; WATER AB Fecal-indicator bacteria were sampled at 14 stream sites in Anchorage, Alaska, USA, as part of a study to determine the effects of urbanization on water quality. Population density in the subbasins sampled ranged from zero to 1,750 persons per square kilometer. Higher concentrations of fecal-coliform, E. coli, and enterococci bacteria were measured at the most urbanized sites. Although fecal-indicator bacteria concentrations were higher in summer than in winter, seasonal differences in bacteria concentrations generally were not significant. Areas served by sewer systems had significantly higher fecal-indicator bacteria concentrations than did areas served by septic systems. The areas served by sewer systems also had storm drains that discharged directly to the streams, whereas storm sewers were not present in the areas served by septic systems. Fecal-indicator bacteria concentrations were highly variable over a two-day period of stable streamflow, which may have implications for testing of compliance to water-quality standards. C1 US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Frenzel, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4230 Univ Dr,Suite 201, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 265 EP 273 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb01550.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 531JC UT WOS:000174411400022 ER PT J AU Kolpin, DW Barbash, JE Gilliom, RJ AF Kolpin, DW Barbash, JE Gilliom, RJ TI Atrazine and metolachlor occurrence in shallow ground water of the United States, 1993 to 1995: Relations to explanatory factors SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE pesticides; ground water hydrology; nonpoint source pollution; statistical analysis; water quality ID PESTICIDE POLLUTION; HERBICIDES; TRANSPORT; QUALITY; AQUIFER; SOIL; USA; CONTAMINATION; AGRICHEMICALS; BEHAVIOR AB Since 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey has been conducting the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program to determine the quality of the Nation's water resources. In an effort to obtain a better understanding of why pesticides are found in shallow ground water on a national scale, a set of factors likely to affect the fate and transport of two herbicides in the subsurface were examined. Atrazine and metolachlor were selected for this discussion because they were among the most frequently detected pesticides in ground water during the first phase of the NAWQA Program (1993 to 1995), and each was the most frequently detected compound in its chemical class (triazines and acetanilides, respectively). The factors that most strongly correlated with the frequencies of atrazine detection in shallow ground-water networks were those that provided either: (1) an indication of the potential susceptibility of ground water to atrazine contamination, or (2) an indication of relative ground-water age. The factors most closely related to the frequencies of metolachlor detection in ground water, however, were those that estimated or indicated the intensity of the agricultural use of metolachlor. This difference is probably the result of detailed use estimates for these compounds being available only for agricultural settings. While atrazine use is relatively extensive in nonagricultural settings, in addition to its widespread agricultural use, metolachlor is used almost exclusively for agricultural purposes. As a result, estimates of agricultural applications provide a less reliable indication of total chemical use for atrazine than for metolachlor. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that the factors of interest explained about 50 percent of the variance in atrazine and metolachlor detection frequencies among the NAWQA land-use studies examined. The inclusion of other factors related to pesticide fate and transport in ground water, or improvements in the quality and accuracy of the data employed for the factors examined, may help explain more of the remaining variance in the frequencies of atrazine and metolachlor detection. C1 US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Kolpin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 S Clinton St,Box 1230, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. NR 55 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb01553.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 531JC UT WOS:000174411400025 ER PT J AU Bianchi, TS Mitra, S McKee, BA AF Bianchi, TS Mitra, S McKee, BA TI Sources of terrestrially-derived organic carbon in lower Mississippi River and Louisiana shelf sediments: implications for differential sedimentation and transport at the coastal margin SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE organic carbon; sedimentation; transport ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; WASHINGTON COAST; LIGNIN-PHENOLS; AMAZON RIVER; MATTER; PARTICULATE; ACCUMULATION AB In this study, we examined the temporal and spatial variability of terrestrial organic carbon sources in lower Mississippi River and Louisiana shelf sediments (during 11 cruises over a 22-month period) to further understand the sorting dynamics and selective transport of vascular plant materials within the primary dispersal system of the river. Bulk delta(13)C values in lower river sediments ranged from -21.90parts per thousand to -24.64parts per thousand (mean= -23.20 +/- 1.09parts per thousand), these values were generally more depleted than those found in shelf sediments (-22.5parts per thousand to -21.2parts per thousand). The Lambda(8) (Lambda(8) = sum of vanillyl, syringyl and cinnamyl phenols produced from the oxidation of 100 mg of organic carbon) values in the lower river ranged from 0.71 to 3.74 (mean = 1.78+/-0.23). While there was no significant relationship between Lambda(8) and river discharge (p > 0.05), the highest value occurred during peak discharge in April 1999-which corresponded to the highest observed C/N value of 17.41. The Lambda(8) values on the shelf ranged from 0.68 to 1.36 (mean = 0.54+/-0.30) and were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the average value for lower river sediments. The range of S/V (syringyl/vanillyl) and C/V (cinnamyl/vanillyl) ratios on the shelf, 0.11 to 0.95 and 0.01 to 0.08, respectively, were similar to that found in the lower river. These low C/V ratios are indicative a mixture of woody and non-woody carbon sources. Recent work by Goni et al. [Nature 389 (1997) 275; Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62 (1998) 3055], which, did not include sampling transects within the primary dispersal system of the Mississippi River, showed a non-woody vascular plant signature on the Louisiana shelf This suggests that riverine-derived. woody tissues preferentially settle out of the water column, in the lower river and inner shelf, prior to the selective dispersal Of C(3) versus C(4) non woody materials in other regions the shelf and slope. This works further demonstrates the importance of differential settlement of particles, sampling location within the dispersal system, and river discharge, when examining biogeochemical cycles in fiver-dominated margins. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept EE Biol, Inst Earth & Ecosyst Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Tulane Univ, Inst Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Dept Geol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Bianchi, TS (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept EE Biol, Inst Earth & Ecosyst Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM tbianch@tulane.edu NR 39 TC 128 Z9 141 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 77 IS 2-3 BP 211 EP 223 AR PII S0304-4203(01)00088-3 DI 10.1016/S0304-4203(01)00088-3 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 526NB UT WOS:000174135600009 ER PT J AU Kelley, KD Ludington, S AF Kelley, KD Ludington, S TI Cripple Creek and other alkaline-related gold deposits in the southern Rocky Mountains, USA: influence of regional tectonics SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Review DE Cripple Creek; alkaline; gold; Rocky Mountains ID SOUTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; VOLCANIC FIELD; NEW-MEXICO; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; COLORADO; EVOLUTION; PORPHYRY; FIJI; PB AB Alkaline-related epithermal vein, breccia, disseminated, skarn, and porphyry gold deposits form a belt in the southern Rocky Mountains along the eastern edge of the North American Cordillera. Alkaline igneous rocks and associated hydrothermal deposits formed at two times. The first was during the Laramide orogeny (about 70-40 Ma), with deposits restricted spatially to the Colorado mineral belt (CMB). Other alkaline igneous rocks and associated gold deposits formed later, during the transition from a compressional to an extensional regime (about 35-27 Ma). These younger rocks and associated deposits are more widespread, following the Rocky Mountain front southward, from Cripple Creek in Colorado through New Mexico. All of these deposits are on the eastern margin of the Cordillera, with voluminous calc-alkaline rocks to the west. The largest deposits in the belt include Cripple Creek and those in the CMB. The most important factor in the formation of all of the gold deposits was the near-surface emplacement of relatively oxidized volatile-rich alkaline magmas. Strontium and lead isotope compositions suggest that the source of the magmas was subduction-modified subcontinental lithosphere. However, Cripple Creek alkaline rocks and older Laramide alkaline rocks in the CMB that were emplaced through hydrously altered LREE-enriched rocks of the Colorado (Yavapai) province have Pb-208/Pb-204 ratios that suggest these magmas assimilated and mixed with significant amounts of lower crust. The anomalously hot, thick, and light crust beneath Colorado may have been a catalyst for large-scale transfer of volatiles and crustal melting. Increased dissolved H2O (and CO2, F, Cl) of these magmas may have resulted in more productive gold deposits due to more efficient magmatic-hydrothermal systems. High volatile contents may also have promoted Te and V enrichment, explaining the presence of fluorite, roscoelite (vanadium-rich mica) and tellurides in the CMB deposits and Cripple Creek as opposed to deposits to the south. Deep-seated structures of regional extent that formed during the Proterozoic allowed the magmas to rise to shallow crustal levels. Proterozoic sites of intrusions at 1.65, 1.4, and 1.1 Ga were also important precursors to alkaline-related gold deposits. Many of the larger gold deposits are located at sites of Proterozoic intrusions, and are localized at the intersection of northeast-trending ductile shear zones formed during Mesoproterozoic deformation, and an important north-trending fault formed during 1.1 Ga rifting. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kelley, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 104 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 16 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0026-4598 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 37 IS 1 BP 38 EP 60 DI 10.1007/s00126-001-0229-4 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 535UQ UT WOS:000174665100004 ER PT J AU Budy, P Thiede, GP Bouwes, N Petrosky, CE Schaller, H AF Budy, P Thiede, GP Bouwes, N Petrosky, CE Schaller, H TI Evidence linking delayed mortality of snake river salmon to their earlier hydrosystem experience SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA POPULATIONS; JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE ABILITY; ET-AL. 1999; COLUMBIA RIVER; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; CONTRASTING PATTERNS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; SURVIVAL RATES AB The numbers of Snake River salmon and steelhead Oncorhynchus spp. have substantially declined since the completion of the Columbia River hydrosystem. We used analytical approaches, to identify management options for halting the decline of these stocks, such as removal of Snake River darns and improvements to the existing hydrosystem. The benefits these actions are predicted to have in terms of salmon recovery hinge on whether the mortality that takes place in the estuary and early in their ocean residence is related to earlier hydrosystem experience during downstream migration. Evidence from the literature demonstrates numerous mechanisms that would explain this delayed mortality in relation to a fish's experience passing through: the hydrosystem. Spatial and temporal comparisons of stock performance provide indirect evidence of delayed mortality and evidence that delayed mortality is linked to hydrosystem experience. Recent mark-recapture data also provide evidence of differences in delayed mortality by route of passage through the hydrosystem. The different types of evidence discussed here suggest that the delayed mortality of Snake River fish is related to the hydrosystem. C1 Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Eco Log Res, Providence, UT 84332 USA. Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Boise, ID 83707 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. RP Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM phaedra.budy@cnr.usu.edu RI Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012 NR 105 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 4 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 35 EP 51 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0035:ELDMOS>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529LC UT WOS:000174300100003 ER PT J AU Morizot, DC Williamson, JH Carmichael, GJ AF Morizot, DC Williamson, JH Carmichael, GJ TI Biochemical genetics of Colorado pikeminnow SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SQUAWFISH; RIVER; FISH; POPULATIONS AB We evaluated the genetic relationships among two captive populations of Colorado pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius front the Dexter National Fish Hatchery and Technology Center, New Mexico, and 15 samples of wild adult, juvenile, and age-0 fish front the Green, Yampa. Colorado, and San Juan rivers. The products Of 89 or more loci were resolved by starch gel electrophoresis and histochemical staining: 8 loci were polymorphic in at least one sample, Minimally invasive sampling of fin and skeletal muscle tissue resulted in data from wild adults and juveniles (N = 207) and hatchery-produced adults (N = 60) with no mortality. Additionally, 426 wild and 34 hatchery-reared age-0 fish were sampled by necropsy. Allele frequencies, did not differ significantly among geographically separated breeding Populations. suggesting essential panmixia. Mean F-ST values ranged front 0.003 among wild age-0 Green and Colorado River fish to 0.108 among all wild adult fish and captive broodfish. Significant deviation,, front Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed at four loci in the Colorado and Green River samples of adult, juvenile, and age-0 fish. No hatchery samples showed such deviations, The most striking geographic variability observed was the presence of the rare private alleles GR*b and TP1-2*c in Green River basin samples and GPI-2*c, PEPB*a. and PEPS*b in Colorado River basin samples. The lowest genetic variability was observed in the San Juan River tributary of the Colorado River, possibly as a result of prior population bottlenecks. Our gene frequency and genetic divergence results do not support the proposition that there is significant genetic differentiation among populations of Colorado pikeminnow. Rather, the significant heterozygote deficiencies at several loci suggest that although geographic differentiation may have existed in the past, Current barriers to fish movement and widespread stocking of hatchery fish now mask it. C1 Mora Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mora, NM 87732 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Div Res, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dexter Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, Dexter, NM 88230 USA. RP Carmichael, GJ (reprint author), Mora Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 689, Mora, NM 87732 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 66 EP 76 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0066:BGOCP>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529LC UT WOS:000174300100005 ER PT J AU Walsh, MG Fenner, DB Winkelman, DL AF Walsh, MG Fenner, DB Winkelman, DL TI Comparison of an electric seine and prepositioned area electrofishers for sampling stream fish communities SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING SPECIES RICHNESS; EXTRAPOLATION; POPULATION AB We sampled shallow-water habitats (<1.0 in deep) in a small, spring-fed stream in northeast Oklahoma with an electric seine (ES) and prepositioned area electrofishers (PAEs) to compare the efficacy of the two gear types for characterizing stream fish communities. The ES is commonly used for this purpose, while PAEs are most often employed to relate fish distribution to specific microhabitats. We collected I I fish species, 8 of which were captured by both gear types. Nonparametric extrapolation methods indicated that the ES and the PAEs estimated species richness similarly, although variation and sampling effort necessary to estimate species richness were higher for the PAEs. We used canonical correspondence analyses to determine if the ES and the PAEs sampled fish communities similarly and to evaluate patterns of species distribution relative to environmental variables. The analyses indicated that the ES and them PAEs sampled fish communities similarly. However, species relationships to environmental variables differed between the two methods, probably due to differences in scale of microhabitat measurements. Our results suggest that both methods can be used to characterize fish communities in small streams. Each method has its advantages: the ES appears to sample more efficiently, but PAEs allow for more thorough evaluation of fish microhabitat use. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Walsh, MG (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool, 404 Life Sci W, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0077:COAESA>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529LC UT WOS:000174300100006 ER PT J AU Bonar, SA Bolding, B Divens, M AF Bonar, SA Bolding, B Divens, M TI Effects of triploid grass carp on aquatic plants, water quality, and public satisfaction in Washington State SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB We investigated effects of triploid grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella on aquatic macrophyte communities, water quality, and public satisfaction for 98 lakes and ponds in Washington State stocked with grass carp between 1990 and 1995. Grass carp had few noticeable effects on macrophyte communities until 19 months following stocking. After 19 months, submersed macrophytes were either completely eradicated (39% of the lakes) or not controlled (42% of the lakes) in most lakes. Intermediate control of submersed macrophytes occurred in 18% of lakes at a median stocking rate of 24 fish per vegetated surface acre, Most of the landowners interviewed (83%) were satisfied with the results of introducing grass carp. For sites where all submersed macrophytes were eradicated, average turbidity was higher ( I I nephelometric turbidity units, NTU) than at sites where macrophytes were controlled to intermediate levels (4 NTU) or unaffected by grass carp grazing (5 NTU). Chlorophyll it was not significantly different between levels of macrophyte control; therefore, we concluded that most of this turbidity was abiotic and not algal. Triploid grass carp were a popular control option and effectively grazed most submersed macrophytes in Washington State. However. calculating stocking rates based on landowner estimates of aquatic plant coverage rarely resulted in intermediate levels of aquatic plant control. Additionally, the effects of particular stocking rates varied considerably. We recommend against using grass carp in Washington lakes where eradication of submersed vegetation cannot be tolerated. C1 Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Inland Fisheries Invest, Div Sci, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 96 EP 105 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0096:EOTGCO>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529LC UT WOS:000174300100008 ER PT J AU Mitro, MG Zale, AV AF Mitro, MG Zale, AV TI Estimating abundances of age-0 rainbow trout by mark-recapture in a medium-sized river SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING ANIMAL ABUNDANCE; ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; CUTTHROAT TROUT; COLORADO RIVER; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; SALMONIDS; SURVIVAL; STREAMS AB We developed and evaluated a sampling methodology to obtain mark-recapture data to estimate abundances of age-0 rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in 70 125-m-wide reaches of the Henrys Fork of the Snake River, Idaho. Sampling by electrofishing, was concentrated in sample areas that were 100 m long and extended from bank to bank: these areas were electrofished 3-5 times within periods of 3-17 d. Adjacent 50-m-long areas upstream and downstream were sampled to quantify movements out of the 100-m sampleareas. We evaluated assumptions-closed population and equal catchability-using the field data, and we used simulation to identify the most appropriate abundance estimator for sparse data. Both closed and open population abundance estimators were evaluated. Most trout (84%) were recaptured in the area where they were marked. but about 10% had moved downstream and about 61% were recaptured upstream, Multistrata model analyses confirmed that apparent mortality rates. and hence movement rates. were low. The Chao M, estimator, which assumes that capture probabilities vary with capture occasion. performed best for simulated closed populations bias was minimal and interval coverage was near or at the nominal level. This estimator was also robust to minor violations of the closure assumption, performance was better for larger closure violations when capture probabilities were smaller. Application of the Chao M, estimator to our field data resulted in a median capture probability of 0.036, a median capture efficiency of 16.7%, and a median recapture rate of 5.4%. Average abundance estimates in the sample areas provided indices of abundance and extrapolated estimates provided total abundance estimates for river sections 1-4 kin long, Small capture probabilities and large confidence intervals made it possible to detect only relatively large changes in abundance, but this level of discrimination was sufficient to satisfy management needs. C1 Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Ecol, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Mitro, MG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM mitro.matt@epa.gov NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 188 EP 203 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0188:EAOART>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529LC UT WOS:000174300100016 ER PT J AU Isely, JJ Young, SP Jones, TA Schaffler, JJ AF Isely, JJ Young, SP Jones, TA Schaffler, JJ TI Effects of antenna placement and antibiotic treatment on loss of simulated transmitters and mortality in hybrid striped bass SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMPLANTED DUMMY TRANSMITTERS; RAINBOW-TROUT; EXPULSION; MOVEMENT; CATFISH; GROWTH AB We compared the effects of two antenna placements (trailing and nontrailing) and antibiotic treatments (treated and nontreated) on mortality and transmitter loss in hybrid striped bass Morone saxatilis X M. chrysops (364 +/- 28 mm total length, 645 +/- 129 g [mean +/- SD]) implanted with simulated transmitters and held in the laboratory for 90 d. Although antibiotic treatment significantly increased the time to first mortality in fish surgically implanted with simulated transmitters (by an average of 14 d), we did not detect an effect on cumulative mortality. We also did not detect an effect of antenna type on the time to first mortality, but cumulative mortality was higher in the trailing antenna groups (50%) than in the nontrailing antenna groups (12%). Three transmitters were expelled during the study, all from trailing-antenna treatment groups, indicating a significant effect of antenna placement on the level of transmitter expulsion. Antibiotic treatment appears to be effective in preventing initial postsurgical infection, however, the antenna may serve as a continuous source of irritation and route of infection into the body cavity. The potential for infection and mortality in experimental animals must be weighed against the improved performance of transmitters with trailing antennas. C1 Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Aquaculture Fisheries & Wildlife, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Isely, JJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 204 EP 207 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0204:EOAPAA>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529LC UT WOS:000174300100017 ER PT J AU Gries, G Letcher, BH AF Gries, G Letcher, BH TI Tag retention and survival of age-0 Atlantic salmon following surgical implantation with passive integrated transponder tags SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID PIT; TRANSMITTERS; PHYSIOLOGY; MIGRATION; GROWTH; TROUT; SIZE; FISH AB We evaluated an alternative to using hypodermic needles to implant passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags in the body cavities of juvenile salmonids. We used surgical techniques to place PIT tags into the body cavities of 3,037 age-0 Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and then held fish under hatchery conditions for 9 months. Tag retention was 99.8% (six fish lost tags), and survival was 94.3% (174 fish died) after controlling for initial mortality (0.7%). A single tagger was able to tag 80-100 fish per hour. Surgically implanting PIT tags into the body cavities of age-0 Atlantic salmon proved to be a viable alternative to using hypodermic needles. C1 US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Gries, G (reprint author), New Hampshire Fish & Game Reg 4,25 State Route 9, Keene, NH 03431 USA. EM ggries@starband.net NR 22 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0219:TRASOA>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529LC UT WOS:000174300100020 ER PT J AU Mohler, JW Millard, MJ Fletcher, JW AF Mohler, JW Millard, MJ Fletcher, JW TI Predation by captive wild brook trout on calcein-marked versus nonmarked Atlantic salmon fry SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID VULNERABILITY AB Juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and other fish species marked with the fluorochrome dye calcein exhibit a green fluorescence in fin rays and other calcified structures under specific optical conditions. To determine whether brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis would preferentially prey upon calcein-marked individuals, we introduced calcein-marked and nonmarked Atlantic salmon fry simultaneously to captive wild brook trout in four controlled indoor raceway trials. Each trial consisted of 2 brook trout and 100 each of calcein-marked and nonmarked Atlantic salmon fry; no individuals were used in more than one trial. At the termination of each 3-d trial, predators were removed from raceways, and surviving Atlantic salmon fry were examined with a calcein detection device to tally numbers of marked and nonmarked individuals. In individual trials, 2 brook trout consumed between 20 and 99 Atlantic salmon fry over a 3-d period (10-49% of available prey). Replicated goodness-of-fit (G-statistic) analysis showed the number of calcein-marked and nonmarked Atlantic salmon fry eaten by captive wild brook trout did not fit the expected 1: 1 ratio among all the trials (P < 0.05). However, pooled data from the four trials showed that the numbers of marked and nonmarked Atlantic salmon fry eaten by predators were nearly equal at 139 and 133 individuals, respectively. Correspondingly, G-statistic analysis of pooled data showed that numbers of marked and nonmarked Atlantic salmon fry eaten by brook trout did fit the expected 1: 1 ratio. Overall, we found no conclusive evidence that calcein-marked Atlantic salmon fry were preferentially preyed upon by captive wild brook trout. Our experiment also demonstrates the utility of using calcein to mass mark Atlantic salmon fry as a means of performing evaluations that were not practical with previous tagging and marking methods. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Mohler, JW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, 308 Washington Ave,POB 75, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 223 EP 228 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0223:PBCWBT>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529LC UT WOS:000174300100021 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, JS Hoffman, EM AF Schaeffer, JS Hoffman, EM TI Performance of barbed and barbless hooks in a marine recreational fishery SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material AB We used an angling study to examine catch per unit effort (CPUE), bait loss, and total landings by anglers fishing with natural bait on barbed and barbless hooks in a nearshore marine sport fishery located in the Gulf of Mexico near St. Petersburg, Florida. Anglers fished half the day with a barbed hook and half the day with a barbless hook. We also recorded anatomical hook placement, severity of injury or bleeding, and hook extraction times for each landed fish. Bait loss, CPUE, and mean length of catch did not differ between gears, but anglers landed 22% more fish with barbed hooks. Loss of hooked fish was significantly higher with barbless hooks, and efficiency appeared to vary among species. Mean unhooking times were significantly shorter with barbless hooks. Anatomical hook placement did not differ between gears and most fish were hooked in the jaws. Bleeding did not differ between gears because bleeding was influenced strongly by hook placement, but barbless hooks reduced unhooking injuries. In this fishery, barbless hooks probably did not reduce hooking mortality and conferred only slight benefits at the expense of reduced catches. C1 Univ Tampa, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. RP Schaeffer, JS (reprint author), USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 229 EP 235 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0229:POBABH>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529LC UT WOS:000174300100022 ER PT J AU Zacheis, A Ruess, RW Hupp, JW AF Zacheis, A Ruess, RW Hupp, JW TI Nitrogen dynamics in an Alaskan salt marsh following spring use by geese SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE herbivory; nitrogen fixation; nitrogen mineralization; organic nitrogen; trampling ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; NO-TILLAGE AGROECOSYSTEMS; MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; SERENGETI GRASSLANDS; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; PLANT-GROWTH; MINERALIZATION; SOIL; HERBIVORES AB Lesser snow geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis) use several salt marshes in Cook Inlet, Alaska, as stopover areas for brief periods during spring migration. We investigated the effects of geese on nitrogen cycling processes in Susitna Flats, one of the marshes. We compared net nitrogen mineralization, organic nitrogen pools and production in buried bags, nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria, and soil and litter characteristics on grazed plots versus paired plots that had been exclosed from grazing for 3 years. Grazed areas had higher rates of net nitrogen mineralization in the spring and there was no effect of grazing on organic nitrogen availability. The increased mineralization rates in grazed plots could not be accounted for by alteration of litter quality, litter quantity, microclimate, or root biomass, which were not different between grazed and exclosed plots. In addition, fecal input was very slight in the year that we studied nitrogen cycling. We propose that trampling had two effects that could account for greater nitrogen availability in grazed areas: litter incorporation into soil, resulting in increased rates of decomposition and mineralization of litter material, and greater rates of nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria on bare, trampled soils. A path analysis indicated that litter incorporation by trampling played a primary role in the nitrogen dynamics of the system, with nitrogen fixation secondary, and that fecal input was of little importance. C1 Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Zacheis, A (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, 221 Irving, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 65 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD FEB PY 2002 VL 130 IS 4 BP 600 EP 608 DI 10.1007/s00442-001-0837-9 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 536HY UT WOS:000174695700015 ER PT J AU Benson, L Kashgarian, M Rye, R Lund, S Paillet, F Smoot, J Kester, C Mensing, S Meko, D Lindstrom, S AF Benson, L Kashgarian, M Rye, R Lund, S Paillet, F Smoot, J Kester, C Mensing, S Meko, D Lindstrom, S TI Holocene multidecadal and multicentennial droughts affecting Northern California and Nevada SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CARBONATE DEPOSITS TUFAS; PYRAMID LAKE SUBBASIN; SURFACE-WATER SYSTEM; MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD; STABLE ISOTOPES; SIERRA-NEVADA; GREAT-BASIN; MONO LAKE; HYDROGEN AB Continuous, high-resolution delta(18)O records from cored sediments of Pyramid Lake, Nevada, indicate that oscillations in the hydrologic balance occurred, on average, about every 150 years (yr) during the past 7630 calendar years (cal yr). The records are not stationary; during the past 2740 yr, drought durations ranged from 20 to 100 yr and intervals between droughts ranged from 80 to 230 yr. Comparison of tree-ring-based reconstructions of climate change for the past 1200 yr from the Sierra Nevada and the El Malpais region of northwest New Mexico indicates that severe droughts associated with Anasazi withdrawal from Chaco Canyon at 820 cal yr BP (calendar years before present) and final abandonment of Chaco Canyon, Mesa Verde, and the Kayenta area at 650 cal yr BP may have impacted much of the western United States. During the middle Holocene (informally defined in this paper as extending from 8000 to 3000 cal yr BP), magnetic susceptibility values of sediments deposited in Pyramid Lake's deep basin were much larger than late-Holocene (3000-0 cal yr BP) values, indicating the presence of a shallow take. In addition, the mean delta(18)O value of CaCO3 precipitated between 6500 and 3430 cal yr BP was 1.6parts per thousand less than the mean value of CaCO3 precipitated after 2740 cal yr BP. Numerical calculations indicate that the shift in the delta(18)O baseline probably resulted from a transition to a wetter ( > 30%) and cooler (3-5degreesC) climate. The existence of a relatively dry and warm middle-Holocene climate in the Truckee River-Pyramid Lake system is generally consistent with archeological, sedimentological, chemical, physical, and biological records from various sites within the Great Basin of the western United States. Two high-resolution Holocene-climate records are now available from the Pyramid and Owens lake basins which suggest that the Holocene was characterized by five climatic intervals. TIC and 6180 records from Owens Lake indicate that the first interval in the early Holocene (11,600 10,000 cal yr BP) was characterized by a drying trend that was interrupted by a brief (200 yr) wet oscillation centered at 10,300 cal yr BP. This was followed by a second early-Holocene interval (10,000-8000 cal yr BP) during which relatively wet conditions prevailed. During the early part of the middle Holocene (8000-6500 cal yr BP), high-amplitude oscillations in TIC in Owens Lake and delta(18)O in Pyramid Lake indicate the presence of shallow lakes in bomb basins. During the latter part of the middle Holocene (6500 3800 cal yr BP), drought conditions dominated, Owens Lake desiccated, and Lake Tahoe ceased spilling to the Truckee River, causing Pyramid Lake to decline. At the beginning of the late Holocene (similar to 3000 cal yr BP), Lake Tahoe rose to its sill level and Pyramid Lake increased in volume. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Benson, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Kashgarian, Michaele/E-1665-2011 OI Kashgarian, Michaele/0000-0001-7824-8418 NR 60 TC 157 Z9 161 U1 3 U2 51 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4-6 BP 659 EP 682 AR PII S0277-3791(01)00048-8 DI 10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00048-8 PG 24 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 527XM UT WOS:000174213300010 ER PT J AU Wylie, BK Meyer, DJ Tieszen, LL Mannel, S AF Wylie, BK Meyer, DJ Tieszen, LL Mannel, S TI Satellite mapping of surface biophysical parameters at the biome scale over the North American grasslands - A case study SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE grassland; biophysical; scaling; satellite; NDVI; biomass ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; LEAF-AREA INDEX; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; SPECTRAL INDEXES; UNITED-STATES; COVER; NDVI; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; VARIABILITY; RANGELANDS AB Quantification of biophysical parameters is needed by terrestrial process modeling and other applications. A study testing the role of multispectral data for monitoring biophysical parameters was conducted over a network of grassland field sites in the Great Plains of North America. Grassland biophysical parameters [leaf area index (LAI), fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR), and biomass] and their relationships with ground radiometer normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were established in this study (r(2) = .66-.85) from data collected across the central and northern Great Plains in 1995. These spectral/biophysical relationships were compared to 1996 field data from the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in northeastern Oklahoma and showed no consistent biases, with most regression estimates falling within the respective 95% confidence intervals. Biophysical parameters were estimated for 21 "ground pixels" (grids) at the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in 1996, representing three grazing/burning treatments. Each grid was 30 x 30 in in size and was systematically sampled with ground radiometer readings. The radiometric measurements were then converted to biophysical parameters and spatially interpolated using geostatistical kriging. Grid-based biophysical parameters were monitored through the growing season and regressed against Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) NDVI (r(2) = .92-.94). These regression equations were used to estimate biophysical parameters for grassland TM pixels over the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in 1996. This method maintained consistent regression development and prediction scales and attempted to minimize scaling problems associated with mixed land cover pixels. A method for scaling Landsat biophysical parameters to coarser resolution satellite data sets (I km(2)) was also investigated. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Raytheon Syst Co, EROS, Ctr Data, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. US Geol Survey, EROS, Ctr Data, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Univ Potsdam, Dept Geo Ecol, Potsdam, Germany. RP Wylie, BK (reprint author), Raytheon Syst Co, EROS, Ctr Data, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014 OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 NR 33 TC 89 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 79 IS 2-3 BP 266 EP 278 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00278-4 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 510WN UT WOS:000173230400011 ER PT J AU Dong, Q McCormick, PV Sklar, FH DeAngelis, DL AF Dong, Q McCormick, PV Sklar, FH DeAngelis, DL TI Structural instability, multiple stable states, and hysteresis in periphyton driven by phosphorus enrichment in the Everglades SO THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE catastrophe; hysteresis; threshold; periphyton; phosphorus; Everglades ID MODEL STRUCTURE IDENTIFICATION; FLORIDA-EVERGLADES; ILLUSTRATION; PRODUCTIVITY; PARAMETERS; KINETICS; SHALLOW; WATERS; GROWTH; LAKE AB Periphyton is a key component of the Everglades ecosystems. It is a major primary producer, providing food and habitat for a variety of organisms, contributing material to the surface soil, and regulating water chemistry. Periphyton is sensitive to the phosphorus (P) supply and P enrichment has caused dramatic changes in the native Everglades periphyton assemblages. Periphyton also affects P availability by removing P from the water column and depositing a refractory portion into sediment. A quantitative understanding of the response of periphyton assemblages to P supply and its effects on P cycling could provide critical supports to decision making in the conservation and restoration of the Everglades. We constructed a model to examine the interaction between periphyton and P dynamics. The model contains two differential equations: P uptake and periphyton growth are assumed to follow the Monod equation and are limited by a modified logistic equation. Equilibrium and stability analyses suggest that P loading is the driving force and determines the system behavior. The position and number of steady states and the stability also depend upon the rate of sloughing, through which periphyton deposits refractory P into sediment. Multiple equilibria may exist, with two stable equilibria separated by an unstable equilibrium. Due to nonlinear interplay of periphyton and P in this model, catastrophe and hysteresis are likely to occur. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. S Florida Water Management Dist, Everglades Syst Res Div, W Palm Beach, FL 33416 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, USGS, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Dong, Q (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, OE 148 Univ Pk, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RI Dong, Quan/G-5005-2010 OI Dong, Quan/0000-0002-9353-9288 NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0040-5809 J9 THEOR POPUL BIOL JI Theor. Popul. Biol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 61 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1006/tpbi.2001.1554 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 538MQ UT WOS:000174820100001 PM 11895379 ER PT J AU Latham, P Tappeiner, J AF Latham, P Tappeiner, J TI Response of old-growth conifers to reduction in stand density in western Oregon forests SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Aging in Pacific Northwest Forests CY OCT 19, 2000 CL OREGON STATE UNIV, CORVALLIS, OR SP Western Regional Ctr, Nat Inst Global Environm Change HO OREGON STATE UNIV DE basal area growth; density reduction; Pinus lambertiana; Pinus ponderosa; Pseudotsuga menziesii; southern Cascades; thinning; tree vigor ID SIERRA-NEVADA; DOUGLAS-FIR; LEAF-AREA AB The positive growth response of healthy young trees to density reduction is well known. In contrast, large old trees are usually thought to be intrinsically limited in their ability to respond to increased growing space; therefore, density reduction is seldom used in stands of old-growth trees. We tested the null hypothesis that old-growth trees are incapable of responding with increased growth following density reduction. The diameter growth response of 271 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws) and sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.) trees ranging in age from 158 to 650 years was examined 20 to 50 years after density reduction. Density reduction involved either light thinning with removal of less vigorous trees, or shelterwood treatments in which overstory trees were not removed. Ratios of basal area growth after treatment to basal area growth before treatment, and several other measures of growth, all indicated that the old trees sometimes benefited and were not harmed by density reduction. Growth increased by 10% or more for 68% of the trees in treated stands, and nearly 30% of trees increased growth by over 50%. This growth response persisted for at least 20 years. During this 20-year period, only three trees in treated stands (1.5%) exhibited a rapid decrease in growth, whereas growth decreased in 64% of trees in untreated stands. The length of time before a growth response to density reduction occurred varied from 5 to 25 years, with the greatest growth response often occurring 20 to 25 years after treatment. These results have important implications both for the basic biology of aging in woody plants as well as for silvicultural practices in forests with old-growth trees. C1 Oregon State Univ, So Oregon Expt Stn, Central Point, OR 97502 USA. Oregon State Univ, USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Latham, P (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, So Oregon Expt Stn, 569 Hanley Hall, Central Point, OR 97502 USA. EM lathamp@fsl.orst.edu NR 32 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2-3 BP 137 EP 146 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 522TN UT WOS:000173913200008 PM 11830410 ER PT J AU Webster, MS Marra, PP Haig, SM Bensch, S Holmes, RT AF Webster, MS Marra, PP Haig, SM Bensch, S Holmes, RT TI Links between worlds: unraveling migratory connectivity SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID FALCONS FALCO-PEREGRINUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; WESTERN-HEMISPHERE; SATELLITE TRACKING; CARBON ISOTOPES; SWAINSON HAWKS; BIRDS; WARBLERS; WILDLIFE; SEA AB Migration is the regular seasonal movement of animals from one place to another, often from a breeding site to a nonbreeding site and back. Because the act of migration makes it difficult to follow individuals and populations year round, our understanding of the ecology and evolution of migrating organisms, particularly binds, has been severely impeded. Exciting new advances in satellite telemetry, genetic analyses and stable isotope chemistry are now making it possible to determine the population and geographical origin of individual birds. Here, we review these new approaches and consider the relevance of understanding migratory connectivity to ecological, evolutionary and conservation issues. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Lund Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Webster, MS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 60 TC 557 Z9 596 U1 30 U2 236 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 17 IS 2 BP 76 EP 83 DI 10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02380-1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 514VU UT WOS:000173462400012 ER PT J AU Milly, PCD Wetherald, RT Dunne, KA Delworth, TL AF Milly, PCD Wetherald, RT Dunne, KA Delworth, TL TI Increasing risk of great floods in a changing climate SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TRENDS AB Radiative effects of anthropogenic changes in atmospheric composition are expected to cause climate changes, in particular an intensification of the global water cycle(1) with a consequent increase in flood risk(2). But the detection of anthropogenically forced changes in flooding is difficult because of the substantial natural variability(3); the dependence of streamflow trends on flow regime(4,5) further complicates the issue. Here we investigate the changes in risk of great floods-that is, floods with discharges exceeding 100-year levels from basins larger than 200,000 km(2)-using both streamflow measurements and numerical simulations of the anthropogenic climate change associated with greenhouse gases and direct radiative effects of sulphate aerosols(6). We find that the frequency of great floods increased substantially during the twentieth century. The recent emergence of a statistically significant positive trend in risk of great floods is consistent with results from the climate model, and the model suggests that the trend will continue. C1 US Geol Survey, GFDL, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Milly, PCD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, GFDL, NOAA, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 NR 13 TC 542 Z9 576 U1 44 U2 255 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 31 PY 2002 VL 415 IS 6871 BP 514 EP 517 DI 10.1038/415514a PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 516PQ UT WOS:000173564300043 PM 11823857 ER PT J AU Doran, PT Priscu, JC Lyons, WB Walsh, JE Fountain, AG McKnight, DM Moorhead, DL Virginia, RA Wall, DH Clow, GD Fritsen, CH McKay, CP Parsons, AN AF Doran, PT Priscu, JC Lyons, WB Walsh, JE Fountain, AG McKnight, DM Moorhead, DL Virginia, RA Wall, DH Clow, GD Fritsen, CH McKay, CP Parsons, AN TI Antarctic climate cooling and terrestrial ecosystem response SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TAYLOR-VALLEY; DRY VALLEYS; COMMUNITIES; TEMPERATURE AB The average air temperature at the Earth's surface has increased by 0.06degreesC per decade during the 20th century(1), and by 0.19degreesC per decade from 1979 to 1998(2). Climate models generally predict amplified warming in polar regions(3,4), as observed in Antarctica's peninsula region over the second half of the 20th century(5-9). Although previous reports suggest slight recent continental warming(9,10), our spatial analysis of Antarctic meteorological data demonstrates a net cooling on the Antarctic continent between 1966 and 2000, particularly during summer and autumn. The McMurdo Dry Valleys have cooled by 0.7degreesC per decade between 1986 and 2000, with similar pronounced seasonal trends. Summer cooling is particularly important to Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems that are poised at the interface of ice and water. Here we present data from the dry valleys representing evidence of rapid terrestrial ecosystem response to climate cooling in Antarctica, including decreased primary productivity of lakes (6-9% per year) and declining numbers of soil invertebrates (more than 10% per year). Continental Antarctic cooling, especially the seasonality of cooling, poses challenges to models of climate and ecosystem change. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Environm Studies Program, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Climate Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Doran, PT (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 845 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Wall, Diana/F-5491-2011; OI MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 NR 29 TC 278 Z9 286 U1 7 U2 76 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 31 PY 2002 VL 415 IS 6871 BP 517 EP 520 DI 10.1038/nature710 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 516PQ UT WOS:000173564300044 PM 11793010 ER PT J AU Kennedy, MJ Pevear, DR Hill, RJ AF Kennedy, MJ Pevear, DR Hill, RJ TI Mineral surface control of organic carbon in black shale SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MATTER PRESERVATION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; MONTMORILLONITE; COMPLEXES; SORPTION; SOILS; AREA AB We show that 85% of variation in total organic carbon can be explained by mineral surface area in a black shale deposit from two locations in the late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway, United States. This relation suggests that, as in modern marine sediments, adsorption of carbon compounds onto clay mineral surfaces played a fundamental role in the burial and preservation of organic carbon. Our data also provide evidence for organic matter within the smectite interlayer. This association implies that organic carbon sequestration in a representative oil-prone black shale facies may be more closely related to patterns of continental weathering and clay mineralogy than to ocean water chemistry or marine productivity. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Kennedy, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 28 TC 182 Z9 222 U1 14 U2 75 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 25 PY 2002 VL 295 IS 5555 BP 657 EP 660 DI 10.1126/science.1066611 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 516PD UT WOS:000173560900038 PM 11809966 ER PT J AU Perakis, SS Hedin, LO AF Perakis, SS Hedin, LO TI Nitrogen loss from unpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compounds SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATE FORESTS; CARBON STORAGE; ECOSYSTEMS; SATURATION; DEPOSITION; PATTERNS; BUDGETS; CYCLES AB Conceptual(1-4) and numerical(5-8) models of nitrogen cycling in temperate forests assume that nitrogen is lost from these ecosystems predominantly by way of inorganic forms, such as nitrate and ammonium ions. Of these, nitrate is thought to be particularly mobile, being responsible for nitrogen loss to deep soil and stream waters. But human activities-such as fossil fuel combustion, fertilizer production and land-use change-have substantially altered the nitrogen cycle over large regions(9), making it difficult to separate natural aspects of nitrogen cycling from those induced by human perturbations(10). Here we report stream chemistry data from 100 unpolluted primary forests in temperate South America. Although the sites exhibit a broad range of environmental factors that influence ecosystem nutrient cycles(11-13) (such as climate, parent material, time of ecosystem development, topography and biotic diversity), we observed a remarkably consistent pattern of nitrogen loss across all forests. In contrast to findings from forests in polluted regions, streamwater nitrate concentrations are exceedingly low, such that nitrate to ammonium ratios were less than unity, and dissolved organic nitrogen is responsible for the majority of nitrogen losses from these forests. We therefore suggest that organic nitrogen losses should be considered in models of forest nutrient cycling, which could help to explain observations of nutrient limitation in temperate forest ecosystems. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Perakis, SS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 31 TC 371 Z9 446 U1 18 U2 122 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 24 PY 2002 VL 415 IS 6870 BP 416 EP 419 DI 10.1038/415416a PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 514HR UT WOS:000173433600046 PM 11807551 ER PT J AU Chapelle, FH O'Neill, K Bradley, PM Methe, BA Ciufo, SA Knobel, LL Lovley, DR AF Chapelle, FH O'Neill, K Bradley, PM Methe, BA Ciufo, SA Knobel, LL Lovley, DR TI A hydrogen-based subsurface microbial community dominated by methanogens SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID BASALT AQUIFERS; ECOSYSTEMS; DEEP; DIVERSITY; BACTERIA; ENERGY; MARS AB The search for extraterrestrial life may be facilitated if ecosystems can be found on Earth that exist under conditions analogous to those present on other planets or moons. It has been proposed, on the basis of geochemical and thermodynamic considerations, that geologically derived hydrogen might support subsurface microbial communities on Mars and Europa in which methanogens form the base of the ecosystem(1-5). Here we describe a unique subsurface microbial community in which hydrogen-consuming, methane-producing Archaea far outnumber the Bacteria. More than 90% of the 16S ribosomal DNA sequences recovered from hydrothermal waters circulating through deeply buried igneous rocks in Idaho are related to hydrogen-using methanogenic microorganisms. Geochemical characterization indicates that geothermal hydrogen, not organic carbon, is the primary energy source for this methanogen-dominated microbial community. These results demonstrate that hydrogen-based methanogenic communities do occur in Earth's subsurface, providing an analogue for possible subsurface microbial ecosystems on other planets. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Geol Survey, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Chapelle, FH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. NR 26 TC 244 Z9 269 U1 11 U2 95 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 17 PY 2002 VL 415 IS 6869 BP 312 EP 315 DI 10.1038/415312a PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 511YC UT WOS:000173293500041 PM 11797006 ER PT J AU Cronin, TM Dwyer, GS Schwede, SB Vann, CD Dowsett, H AF Cronin, TM Dwyer, GS Schwede, SB Vann, CD Dowsett, H TI Climate variability from the Florida Bay sedimentary record: possible teleconnections to ENSO, PNA and CNP SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE paleoclimate; Florida Bay; salinity; shell geochemistry; ENSO; Pacific North American index ID NORTH-AMERICAN PRECIPITATION; NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES CLIMATE; EL-NINO; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; RECONSTRUCTION; HEMISPHERE; WINTER AB We analyzed decadal and interannual climate variability in South Florida since 1880 using geochemical and faunal paleosalinity indicators from isotopically dated sediment cores at Russell Bank in Florida Bay (FB). Using the relative abundance of 2 ostracode species and the Mg/Ca ratios in Loxoconcha matagordensis shells to reconstruct paleosalinity, we found evidence for cyclic oscillations in the salinity of central FB. During this time salinity fluctuated from as low as similar to 18 parts per thousand (ppt) to as high as similar to57 ppt. Time series analyses suggest, in addition to a 5.6 yr Mg/Ca based salinity periodicity, there are 3 other modes of variability in paleosalinity indicators: 6-7, 8-9, and 13-14 yr periods which occur in all paleo-proxies. To search for factors that might cause salinity to vary in FB, we compared the Russell Bank paleosalinity record to South Florida winter rainfall, the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the winter Pacific North American (PNA) index, and a surrogate for the PNA in the winter season, the Central North Pacific (CNP) index. SOI and PNA/CNP appear to be associated with South Florida winter precipitation. Time series analyses of SOI and winter rainfall for the period 1910-1999 suggest similar to5, 6-7, 8-9 and 13-14 yr cycles. The 6-7 yr and 13-14 yr cycles correspond to those observed in the faunal and geochemical time series from Russell Bank. The main periods of the CNP index are 5-6 and 13-15 yr, which are similar to those observed in FB paleosalinity. Cross-spectral analyses show that winter rainfall and salinity are coherent at 5.6 yr with a salinity lag of similar to1.6 mo. These results suggest that regional rainfall variability influences FB salinity over interannual and decadal timescales and that much of this variability may have its origin in climate variability in the Pacific Ocean/atmosphere system. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Geol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Cronin, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. OI Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 NR 61 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X J9 CLIMATE RES JI Clim. Res. PD JAN 16 PY 2002 VL 19 IS 3 BP 233 EP 245 DI 10.3354/cr019233 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 530BJ UT WOS:000174335500004 ER PT J AU Fuller, CC Bargar, JR Davis, JA Piana, MJ AF Fuller, CC Bargar, JR Davis, JA Piana, MJ TI Mechanisms of uranium interactions with hydroxyapatite: Implications for groundwater remediation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INORGANIC CATION-EXCHANGERS; SYNTHETIC HYDROXYAPATITES; LEAD IMMOBILIZATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SORPTION; COMPLEXES; DISSOLUTION; EXAFS; HYDROXYLAPATITE; NUCLEATION AB The speciation of U(VI) sorbed to synthetic hydroxyapatite was investigated using a combination of U L-III-edge XAS, synchrotron XRD, batch uptake measurements, and SEW EDS. The mechanisms of U(VI) removal by apatite were determined in order to evaluate the feasibility of apatite-based in-situ permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). In batch U(VI) uptake experiments with synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA), near complete removal of dissolved uranium (>99.5%) to <0.05 muM was observed over a range of total U(VI) concentrations up to equimolar of the total P in the suspension. XRD and XAS analyses of U(VI)-reacted HA at sorbed concentrations less than or equal to4700 ppm U(VI) suggested that uranium(VI) phosphate, hydroxide, and carbonate solids were not present at these concentrations, Fits to EXAFS spectra indicate the presence of Ca neighbors at 3.81 Angstrom. U-Ca separation, suggesting that U(VI) adsorbs to the HA surfaces as an inner-sphere complex, Uranium(VI) phosphate solid phases were not detected in HA with 4700 ppm sorbed U(VI) by backscatter SEM or EDS, in agreement with the surface complexation process. In contrast, U(VI) speciation in samples that exceeded 7000 ppm sorbed U(VI) included a crystalline uranium(VI) phosphate solid phase, identified as chernikovite by XRD. At these higher concentrations, a secondary, uranium(VI) phosphate solid was detected by SEM-EDS, consistent with chernikovite precipitation. Autunite formation occurred at total U:P molar ratios greater than or equal to0.2. Our findings provide a basis for evaluating U(VI) sorption mechanisms by commercially available natural apatites for use in development of PRBs for groundwater U(VI) remediation. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Fuller, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Fuller, Christopher/0000-0002-2354-8074 NR 42 TC 179 Z9 184 U1 11 U2 84 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 2 BP 158 EP 165 DI 10.1021/es0108483 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 512EP UT WOS:000173308400007 PM 11827049 ER PT J AU Cunningham, KJ Collins, LS AF Cunningham, KJ Collins, LS TI Controls on facies and sequence stratigraphy of an upper Miocene carbonate ramp and platfonn, Melilla basin, NE Morocco SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sequence stratigraphy; carbonate ramp; temperate-type limestone; Miocene; Melilla; Morocco ID DEPOSITIONAL SEQUENCES; NORTHEASTERN MOROCCO; CHRONOLOGY; AUSTRALIA; MARGIN; SHELF AB Upwelling of cool seawater, paleoceanographic circulation, paleoclimate, local tectonics and relative sea-level change controlled the lithofacies and sequence stratigraphy of a carbonate ramp and overlying platform that are part of a temporally well constrained carbonate complex in the Melilla basin, northeastern Morocco. At Melilla, from oldest to youngest, a third-order depositional sequence within the carbonate complex contains (1) a retrogradational, transgressive, warm temperate-type rhodalgal ramp; (2) an early highstand, progradational, bioclastic platform composed mainly of a temperate-type, bivalve-rich molechfor facies; and (3) late highstand, progradational to downstepping, subtropical/tropical-type chlorozoan fringing Porites reefs. The change from rhodalgal ramp to molechfor platform occurred at 7.0+/-0.14 Ma near the Tortonian/Messinian boundary. During a late stage in the development of the bioclastic platform a transition from temperate-type molechfor facies to subtropical/tropical-type chlorozoan facies occurred and is bracketed by chron 3An.2n (similar to 6.3 - 6.6 Ma). Comparison to a well-dated carbonate complex in southeastern Spain at Cabo de Gata suggests that upwelling of cool seawater influenced production of temperate-type limestone within the ramp and platform at Melilla during postulated late Tortonian-early Messinian subtropical/tropical paleoclimatic conditions in the western Paleo-Mediterranean region. The upwelling of cool seawater across the bioclastic platform at Melilla could be related to the beginning of 'siphoning' of deep, cold Atlantic waters into the Paleo-Mediterranean Sea at 7.17 Ma. The facies change within the bioclastic platform from molechfor to chlorozoan facies may be coincident with a reduction of the siphoning of Atlantic waters and the end of upwelling at Melilla during chron 3An.2n. The ramp contains one retrogradational parasequence and the bioclastic platform three progradational parasequences. Minor erosional surfaces that bound the upper surface of the ramp and upper surface of the oldest platform parasequence are related to relative falls in sea level induced by local volcanism and associated tectonic uplift. These local relative falls had little influence on a broader-scale rise to stillstand in relative sea level that controlled development of the transgressive and early highstand systems tracts represented in the ramp and platform, respectively. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Geol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Cunningham, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 9100 NW 36th St,Suite 107, Miami, FL 33178 USA. OI Cunningham, Kevin/0000-0002-2179-8686 NR 45 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 146 IS 3-4 BP 285 EP 304 DI 10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00131-2 PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA 515PJ UT WOS:000173504300005 ER PT J AU Hagstrum, JT Champion, DE AF Hagstrum, JT Champion, DE TI A Holocene paleosecular variation record from C-14-dated volcanic rocks in western North America SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Holocene; secular variation; paleomagnetism; archeomagnetism; North America; lava flows ID MEDICINE LAKE VOLCANO; PALEOMAGNETIC SECULAR VARIATION; RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; CRATER LAVA-FIELD; MOUNT ST-HELENS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CASCADE RANGE; CALIFORNIA; ERUPTION; HAWAII AB [1] A paleosecular variation (PSV) curve for western North America is presented on the basis of 94 virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) from dated volcanic rocks sampled at 446 sites. Approximately 60% of the paleomagnetic database has been previously published. A curve defined by "spherical smoothed splines'' is fitted to the VGPs, ranked by the quality of the age determinations, where the data density is highest between 3690 and - 30 years before present (B. P.) (A. D. 1950), between 7800 and 7050 years B. P., and between 14,060 and 12,700 years B. P. The younger segments of the curve derived from volcanic rocks are similar but less complex than other high-resolution PSV curves derived from lacustrine sediments, particularly the record at Fish Lake, Oregon. The PSV record from lava flows (PSVL), however, is perhaps more reliable in its general shape and chronology because of the higher fidelity of volcanic rocks as magnetic field recorders and because of the greater density of C-14 dates. The new PSVL record provides a partial Holocene master curve for western North America and will be of particular value in dating geological and archeological materials using paleomagnetic directions. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hagstrum, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 937, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhag@usgs.gov; jhag@usgs.gov NR 69 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 10 PY 2002 VL 107 IS B1 AR 2025 DI 10.1029/2001JB000524 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 609MM UT WOS:000178909600003 ER PT J AU Stern, LA Circone, S Kirby, SH Durham, WB AF Stern, LA Circone, S Kirby, SH Durham, WB TI Reply to "Comments on 'Anomalous preservation of pure methane hydrate at 1 atm'" SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stern, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 3 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 10 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 1 BP 228 EP 230 DI 10.1021/jp012189m PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 511GR UT WOS:000173256700034 ER PT J AU Turnipseed, AA Blanken, PD Anderson, DE Monson, RK AF Turnipseed, AA Blanken, PD Anderson, DE Monson, RK TI Energy budget above a high-elevation subalpine forest in complex topography SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE energy budget; sensible heat flux; latent heat flux; eddy covariance; coniferous forest ID FREQUENCY-RESPONSE CORRECTIONS; EDDY-COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; SURFACE-AIR EXCHANGE; BOREAL ASPEN FOREST; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; TALL VEGETATION; MICROMETEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; SPRUCE FOREST AB Components of the energy budget were measured above a subalpine coniferous forest over two complete annual cycles. Sensible and latent heat fluxes were measured by eddy covariance. Bowen ratios ranged from 0.7 to 2.5 in the summer (June-September) depending upon the availability of soil water, but were considerably higher (similar to3-6) during winter (December-March). Energy budget closure averaged better than 84% on a half-hourly basis in both seasons with slightly greater closure during the winter months. The energy budget showed a dependence on friction velocity (u*), approaching complete closure at u* values greater than 1 m s(-1). The dependence of budget closure on u* explained why energy balance was slightly better in the winter as opposed to summer, since numerous periods of high turbulence occur in winter. It also explained the lower degree of energy closure (similar to10% less) during easterly upslope flow since these periods were characterized by low wind speeds (U < 4 m s(-1)) and friction velocities (u* < 0.5 m s(-1)). Co-spectral analysis suggests a shift of flux density towards higher frequencies under conditions where closure was obtained. It is suggested that low frequency contributions to the flux and advection were responsible for the lack of day-time energy budget closure. These effects were reduced at high friction velocities observed at our site. Our ability to close the energy budget at night was also highly dependent on friction velocity, approaching near closure (similar to90%) at 0 values between 0.7 and 1.1 m s(-1). Below this range, the airflow within the canopy becomes decoupled with the flow above. Above this range, insufficient temperature resolution of the sonic anemometer obscured the small temperature fluctuations, rendering measurements intractable. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Turnipseed, AA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Campus Box 334, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI BLANKEN, PETER/0000-0002-7405-2220 NR 51 TC 105 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN 3 PY 2002 VL 110 IS 3 BP 177 EP 201 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(01)00290-8 PG 25 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 520YX UT WOS:000173812300002 ER PT B AU Brown, JF Tadesse, T Reed, BC AF Brown, JF Tadesse, T Reed, BC GP AMS TI Integrating satellite and climate data for us drought mapping and monitoring: First steps SO 15TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY JOINT WITH THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology/16th International Congress on Biometeorology CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2002 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP Int Soc Biometeorol, Amer Meteorol Soc ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; NDVI C1 USGS, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Brown, JF (reprint author), USGS, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RI Tadesse, Tsegaye/O-7792-2015 OI Tadesse, Tsegaye/0000-0002-4102-1137 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 147 EP 150 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY35Z UT WOS:000189043800043 ER PT B AU Stroh, ED AF Stroh, ED GP AMS TI Links to the past and the future: Habitats for Pleistocene relict plants in southern Missouri SO 15TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY JOINT WITH THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology/16th International Congress on Biometeorology CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2002 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP Int Soc Biometeorol, Amer Meteorol Soc AB In this study, I measured microclimate variables in three sites supporting Pleistocene relict plant populations using Hobo((R)) data loggers to continually record air temperature and humidity from May 1999 through July 2002. Microclimate data from the study sites were compared to climate data from a nearby automated weather station. Sites that harbor relict plants are not necessarily more cool than the surrounding area during the growing season, but rather they are buffered from wide variation in daily temperature. C1 Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Field Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Stroh, ED (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Field Stn, 116 Gentry Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 310 EP 311 PG 2 WC Biophysics; Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY35Z UT WOS:000189043800091 ER PT J AU Leslie, DM Clark, BS AF Leslie, DM Clark, BS TI Feeding habits of the endangered Ozark big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii ingens) relative to prey abundance SO ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE feces; feeding habits; endangered species; Ozark big-eared bat; Oklahoma; Lepidoptera; prey abundance; allotony ID LUCIFUGUS CHIROPTERA-VESPERTILIONIDAE; ALLOTONIC FREQUENCY HYPOTHESIS; LASIURUS-CINEREUS-SEMOTUS; HAWAIIAN HOARY BAT; FOOD-HABITS; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; PLECOTUS-TOWNSENDII; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; FORAGING ACTIVITY AB Feeding habits of the endangered Ozark big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii ingens) in eastern Oklahoma, USA, were studied from July 1987 through July 1988. Diets were determined from microscopic analysis of fecal pellets and compared with arthropods collected in Malaise traps. Although lepidopterans comprised only 21.5% of the available prey, they occurred in > 90% of the pellets examined and accounted for > 85% of the volume of prey consumed. Dipterans, coleopterans, and homopterans occurred in 18.3%, 10.6%, and 6.7% of the feces, respectively, but each accounted for < 5% of the volume of prey consumed. Trichopterans, hymenopterans, and neuropterans also were found in feces but in trace amounts. Our results support the classification of C. t. ingens as a moth specialist, but additional insights are needed to fully understand how its feeding tactics conform to the allotonic frequency hypothesis (i.e., avoiding detection by eared moths). Conservation of this highly endangered North American bat will require, in part, maintenance of habitats capable of supporting abundant populations of Lepidoptera. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 404 Life Sci W, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM cleslie@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 14 PU MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY PAS-POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA WILCZA STREET 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1508-1109 EI 1733-5329 J9 ACTA CHIROPTEROL JI Acta Chiropt. PY 2002 VL 4 IS 2 BP 173 EP 182 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 630VD UT WOS:000180129900006 ER PT S AU Curtis, MKB Ramme, TM Todd, TN Bronte, CR Fleischer, GW Pronin, NM Maistrenko, SG AF Curtis, MKB Ramme, TM Todd, TN Bronte, CR Fleischer, GW Pronin, NM Maistrenko, SG BE Todd, T Fleischer, G TI Mitochondrial DNA variability among lake baikal omul Coregonus autumnalis migratorius (Georgi) SO ADVANCES IN LIMNOLOGY 57: BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF COREGONID FISHES - 1999 SE ERGEBNISSE DER LIMNOLOGIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes (ISBMCF) CY AUG 09-12, 1999 CL ANN ARBOR, MI AB Omul, Coregonus autumnalis, area commercially important coregonine fish from Lake Baikal, Siberia, Russia. In Lake Baikal, three morphotypes recognized by fishery experts occupy different zones in the lake; they are referred to as "littoral," "pelagic," and "benthic". Expressed character divergence was supported by whole-body morphometric analysis, but it is not known whether discrete genetic differences accompany the observed morphological variation. This study was designed to assess the genetic variation of three different omul morphotypes sampled from different locations in Lake Baikal that were segregated by morphotype in multivariate analysis. We surveyed genetic variation with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of specific gene loci amplified with the polymerase chain reaction. Sequence variation was localized in the mitochondrial control region. Though no discrete genetic markers were found, there is evidence of reproductive segregation by geographic location that corroborates geographic variation in morphological characters. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Curtis, MKB (reprint author), USFWS Natl Fish & Wildlife Forens Lab, 1490 E Main St, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0071-1128 BN 3-510-47059-1 J9 ERGEB LIMNOL PY 2002 VL 57 BP 85 EP 95 PG 11 WC Biology; Fisheries; Limnology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BV90M UT WOS:000180355400008 ER PT S AU TeWinkel, LM Kroeff, T Fleischer, GW Toneys, M AF TeWinkel, LM Kroeff, T Fleischer, GW Toneys, M BE Todd, T Fleischer, G TI Population dynamics of bloaters (Coregonus hoyi) in Lake Michigan, 1973-1998 SO ADVANCES IN LIMNOLOGY 57: BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF COREGONID FISHES - 1999 SE ERGEBNISSE DER LIMNOLOGIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes (ISBMCF) CY AUG 09-12, 1999 CL ANN ARBOR, MI ID GROWTH; DIET AB Past research has demonstrated that the recruitment pattern of Lake Michigan bloaters (Coregonus hoyi) was best represented by a Beverton-Holt function during 1977-1983. In this present study, we re-assessed relations in bloater recruitment and investigated trends in sex ratio and mean length at age as they related to recent changes in bloater abundance. Bloaters were collected from 1973 to 1997 during lake-wide bottom-trawl surveys and in western Lake Michigan from 1980 to 1998 during graded-mesh gill-net surveys. Length, weight, age, sex, and maturity of bloaters were recorded. The relative abundance of females in the population increased throughout the past 10-15 years to more than 80% in 1997. Relative abundance of females in the population was inversely related to overall abundance during periods of increasing female dominance. Female dominance may be related to an increasingly older population, which resulted from low recruitment, and to the greater longevity of female bloaters. Mean length at age decreased steadily in the 1980s with increased bloater abundance. Bloater recruitment was density dependent and followed a Ricker-type stock-recruitment relation. Future research will focus on identifying other factors that influence bloater recruitment such as the effect of female dominance. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP TeWinkel, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0071-1128 BN 3-510-47059-1 J9 ERGEB LIMNOL PY 2002 VL 57 BP 307 EP 320 PG 14 WC Biology; Fisheries; Limnology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BV90M UT WOS:000180355400026 ER PT S AU Edsall, TA DeSorcie, TJ AF Edsall, TA DeSorcie, TJ BE Todd, T Fleischer, G TI The growth-temperature relation and preferred temperatures of juvenile lake herring SO ADVANCES IN LIMNOLOGY 57: BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF COREGONID FISHES - 1999 SE ERGEBNISSE DER LIMNOLOGIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes (ISBMCF) CY AUG 09-12, 1999 CL ANN ARBOR, MI ID RAINBOW SMELT; GREAT-LAKES; ENERGETICS; WHITEFISH AB Lake herring, Coregonus artedi, were once extremely abundant in the Great Lakes where they functioned as a major trophic integrator, directly linking the planktonic Crustacean resource to lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush. Lake herring populations in the Great Lakes collapsed during the middle third of the 20(th) century due to overfishing, degradation of critical habitat in major production areas, and interaction with exotic species. Fishery and habitat impediments to the recovery of lake herring have been removed, and it may now be possible to reestablish the species in its former habitats in the Great Lakes if adverse interactions with exotic species can be controlled within acceptable limits. To determine the potential for thermal niche overlap and adverse interaction with exotic fishes, juvenile (age-0) lake herring were held in the laboratory at 5, 10, 15, 18, and 21 degreesC, and fed ad libitum for 54 days. The optimum temperature for growth in weight was about 14.5 degreesC, indicating the fundamental thermal niche was 12.5-16.5 degreesC. Fish used in the growth study were also tested in a vertical thermal gradient tank to measure their final preferendum. The final preferendum, 16.5 degreesC, was in close agreement with the optimum temperature for growth and within the fundamental thermal niche. Both the optimum temperature for growth and the final preferendum have been used as measures of thermal niche, but this is the first time both measures were made on the same group of fish. Published information on the fundamental thermal niche, preferred temperatures, thermal habitat use, and feeding habits of alewives, rainbow smelt, and ruffe, indicates they will co-occur in spring, or summer with age-0 lake herring and that collectively they pose a predation threat to small, age-0 lake herring. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Edsall, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0071-1128 BN 3-510-47059-1 J9 ERGEB LIMNOL PY 2002 VL 57 BP 335 EP 342 PG 8 WC Biology; Fisheries; Limnology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BV90M UT WOS:000180355400028 ER PT S AU Todd, TN Steinhilber, M AF Todd, TN Steinhilber, M BE Todd, T Fleischer, G TI Diversity in shortjaw cisco (Coregonus zenithicus) in North America SO ADVANCES IN LIMNOLOGY 57: BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF COREGONID FISHES - 1999 SE ERGEBNISSE DER LIMNOLOGIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes (ISBMCF) CY AUG 09-12, 1999 CL ANN ARBOR, MI ID GREAT-LAKES; SPECIES FLOCK; DIFFERENTIATION; SUPERIOR; FISHES; DNA AB Shortjaw cisco (Coregonus zenithicus) exhibit morphological variability across their geographic range in North America and could comprise more than one distinct morph or taxon. To investigate this, principal components analysis was applied to a data set that consisted Of four variables from nine localities. All data were obtained from digital images of the specimens and the excised first gill arch. Confidence ellipses (95%) about the means of bivariate distributions of the principal components revealed that some populations were distinct from the others, but a continuity of overlap clouded understanding of pattern among the variation. Most populations had more and longer gillrakers than shortjaw cisco from George Lake (Manitoba) and Basswood Lake (Ontario) that had fewer and shorter gillrakers. This analysis supports the existence of a short- and few-rakered morph and a long- and many-rakered morph. However, most populations of shortjaw cisco from the Great Lakes across Canada to the Arctic share a similar morphology and likely represent a single, widespread species. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Todd, TN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0071-1128 BN 3-510-47059-1 J9 ERGEB LIMNOL PY 2002 VL 57 BP 517 EP 525 PG 9 WC Biology; Fisheries; Limnology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BV90M UT WOS:000180355400044 ER PT J AU Chapman, EW Ribic, CA AF Chapman, EW Ribic, CA TI The impact of buffer strips and stream-side grazing on small mammals in southwestern Wisconsin SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE grazing; buffer strips; small mammals; stream-side grazing; southwestern Wisconsin ID DIVERSITY; MACROINVERTEBRATES; CORNFIELDS; SUCCESSION; HABITAT; PRAIRIE; FISHES AB The practice of continuously grazing cattle along streams has caused extensive degradation of riparian habitats. Buffer strips and managed intensive rotational grazing (MIRG) have been proposed to protect and restore stream ecosystems in Wisconsin. However, the ecological implications of a switch from traditional livestock management to MIRG or buffer strip establishment have not been investigated. Differences in small mammal communities associated with riparian areas on continuously grazed and MIRG pastures, as well as vegetative buffer strips adjacent to raw crops, were investigated in southwestern Wisconsin during May-September 1997 and 1998. More species (mean of 6-7) were found on the buffer sites than on the pasture sites (mean of 2-5). Total small mammal abundance on buffer sites was greater than on the pastures as well; there were 3-5 times as many animals on the buffer sites compared to the pasture sites, depending on year. There were no differences in species richness or total abundance between MIRG and continuously grazed pastures in either year. Total small mammal abundance was greater near the stream than away from the stream, regardless of farm management practice but there were no differences in species richness. Buffer strips appear to support a particularly rich and abundant small mammal community. Although results did not detect a difference in small mammal use between pasture types, farm-wide implications of a conversion from continuous to MIRG styles of grazing may benefit small mammals indirectly by causing an increase in the prevalence of pasture in the agricultural landscape. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, USGS BRD Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Russell Labs 218, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, USGS BRD Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Russell Labs 218, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM caribic@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 46 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 EI 1873-2305 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 88 IS 1 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00154-2 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 503BZ UT WOS:000172778400005 ER PT J AU Zechmeister, TC Farnleitner, AH Rocke, TE Pittner, F Rosengarten, R Mach, RL Herzig, A Kirschner, AKT AF Zechmeister, TC Farnleitner, AH Rocke, TE Pittner, F Rosengarten, R Mach, RL Herzig, A Kirschner, AKT TI PCR and ELISA - in vitro alternatives to the mouse-bioassay for assessing the Botulinum-Neurotoxin-C1 production potential in environmental samples? SO ALTEX-ALTERNATIVEN ZU TIEREXPERIMENTEN LA German DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Congress on Alternatives to Animal Experiments CY SEP 28-30, 2001 CL LINZ, AUSTRIA DE mouse bioassay; nested PCR; Botulinum Neurotoxin C1; immunostick ELISA; 3R concept ID BOTULINUM TYPE-C; TOXIN GENE; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIBODY; CATTLE; WATER AB PCR and ELISA - in vitro alternatives to the mouse-bioassay for assessing the Botulinum-Neurotoxin-Cl production potential in environmental samples? Botulism is one of the most important bird diseases world-wide and is caused by the intoxication with Botulinum-Neurotoxin-C1 (BoNt-C1), which is produced by toxigenic clostridia under appropriate conditions. Avian botulism leads regularly to large losses among the migrating bird populations breeding and resting at the saltwater pools of the Austrian national park Neusiedler See-Seewinkel. Despite of its ethical dubiousness and its high technical expense the mouse-bioassay is still used as the routine standard method for the detection of BoNt-C1. According to the 3R-concept, in vitro alternative methods for the qualitative detection of BoNt-C1 (immunostick-ELISA) and a corresponding BoNt-C1 gene fragment (nested-PCR) were established. In order to estimate the BoNt-C1 production potential the methods were tested with sediment samples from different saltwater pools subjected to cultivation conditions appropriate for in vitro BoNt-C1-production. With the mouse-ioassay, 52 out of 77 samples were found to have a positive toxin production potential. The immunostick-ELISA showed a similar sensitivity as the mouse-bioassay and exhibited a highly significant positive correlation (r=0.94; P<0.001) with the mouse-bioassay in detecting BoNt-C1 The nested-PCR approach revealed higher numbers of positive BoNt-C1 gene fragment detections as compared to the direct toxin analysis approaches. A weak correlation (r=0.21; p=0.07) with the mouse-bioassay was discernible, no correlation was found with the immunostick-ELISA (r=0.09; p=0.46). Obviously, the PCR approach detected the BoNt-C1 gene fragment in some of the samples where no toxin expression has occurred. Thus it is suggested that the qualitative immunostick-ELISA represents a potential in vitro alternative to the mouse-bioassay for assessing the BoNt-C1 production potential in environmental samples. In contrast, qualitative BoNt-C1 gene fragment detection via PCR led to an overestimation of the actual toxin production potential. C1 Vet Med Univ Wien, Inst Bakteriol Mykol & Hyg, A-1210 Vienna, Austria. Tech Univ Vienna, Inst Verfahrenstech Umwelttech & Tech Biowissensc, Vienna, Austria. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Univ Vienna, Vienna Bioctr, Inst Biochem & Mol Zellbiol, Vienna, Austria. Univ Vienna, Inst Med Biol, Vienna, Austria. Biol Stn Burgenland, Illmitz, Austria. RP Zechmeister, TC (reprint author), Vet Med Univ Wien, Inst Bakteriol Mykol & Hyg, Vet Pl 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPEKTRUM AKADEMISCHER VERLAG PI HEIDELBERG PA VANGEROWSTR 20, D-69115 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0946-7785 J9 ALTEX-ALTERN TIEREXP JI Altex Altern. Tierexp. PY 2002 VL 19 SU 1 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 581NZ UT WOS:000177300300009 PM 12096330 ER PT J AU Aleinikoff, JN Horton, JW Drake, AA Fanning, CM AF Aleinikoff, JN Horton, JW Drake, AA Fanning, CM TI SHRIMP and conventional U-Pb ages of ordovician granites and tonalites in the central Appalachian Piedmont: Implications for paleozoic tectonic events SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AIR-ABRASION TECHNIQUE; TH-PB; ZIRCON; GEOCHRONOLOGY; COMPLEX AB Discordant Cambrian U-Pb ages of questionable reliability for metamorphosed plutonic rocks in the central Appalachian Piedmont of northern Virginia, Maryland, and the District of Columbia have led to different regional geologic interpretations and controversies. In this study, we use the sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) for dating 25-mum diameter areas on individual zircons from Piedmont granitoids in an effort to resolve previous controversial ages. Cathodoluminescence images of zoning within the zircons are used to select pristine areas of cores and overgrowths for dating and to help interpret die results. For comparison, hand-picked fractions of zircons from most of die samples were also dated by the conventional isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) U-Pb method. The combined SHRIMP and TIMS results of this study demonstrate that the Dale City Quartz Monzonite, Norbeck Intrusive Suite, Kensington Tonalite, Goldvein pluton, Lake Jackson pluton, Falls Church Intrusive Suite, Occoquan Granite (main batholith and satellite Bull Run Marina pluton), Georgetown Intrusive Suite, Dalecarlia Intrusive Suite, and related granitoids are parts of an extensive Early to Middle Ordovician magmatic arc. Emplacement of these plutons from about 485 to 450 Ma generally was contemporaneous with major regional deformation mid metamorphism, called the Taconic orogeny in rocks of the northern Appalachians. The Ordovician ages supersede most of the discordant Cambrian(?) to Neoproterozoic dates that previously suggested a Potomac or Penobscot orogeny in Piedmont rocks of the Potomac Valley, raising questions about the nature and timing of that event. The Devonian Guilford Granite crosscuts all structures, providing a minimum age for these Paleozoic events. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Aleinikoff, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Fanning, C. Mark/I-6449-2016 OI Fanning, C. Mark/0000-0003-3331-3145 NR 77 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLINE GEOLOGY LABORATORY PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 302 IS 1 BP 50 EP 75 DI 10.2475/ajs.302.1.50 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 555MG UT WOS:000175797400003 ER PT J AU McCullagh, WH Williams, JD McGregor, SW Pierson, JM Lydeard, C AF McCullagh, WH Williams, JD McGregor, SW Pierson, JM Lydeard, C TI The unionid (Bivalvia) fauna of the Sipsey River in northwestern Alabama, an aquatic hotspot SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE unionidae; freshwater mussels; bivalves; Sipsey River; mobile drainage basin; Alabama ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; UNITED-STATES AB Recent surveys for unionid bivalves were conducted in the mainstem of the Sipsey River and headwater tributaries (Tombigbee River drainage) during the summer and autumn of 1996-1999. A total of 35 species and 22 genera were found. Museum records from the upper Sipsey, based largely on the efforts of H. H. Smith during 1910-11, raised the total number of recorded unionids in the Sipsey to 42. Smith documented 25 species in the river; however, most of his collections were made in the mid- to upper-Sipsey, which has lower diversity. The three most common recently observed species in descending order of abundance were Quadrula asperata (L Lea, 186 1), Pleurobeina decisum (L Lea, 183 1), and Tritogonia verrucosa (Rafinesque, 1820). Federally listed species observed recently include Lampsilis perovalis (Conrad, 1834) (threatened), Medionidus acutissimus (I. Lea, 183 1) (threatened), P. decisum (endangered), P. perovatum (Conrad, 1834) (endangered), and Potamilus inflatus (L Lea, 1831) (threatened). Species not observed recently but recorded in prior surveys include Anodontoides radiatus (Conrad, 1834), Arcidens confragosus (Say, 1829), Plectomerus dombeyanus (Valenciennes, 1827), Q. metanevra (Rafinesque, 1820), Q. stapes (I. Lea, 183 1) (federally endangered), A taitianum (I. Lea, 1834) (federally endangered), and Toxolasma parvus (Barnes, 1823). Many species are known recently or historically by only five or fewer recorded specimens including: A. radiatus, Elliptio arctata (Conrad, 1834), Ligumia recta (Lamarck, 1819), P. taitianum, P. inflatus, Q. aspera (Lea, 183 1), Q. metanevra, Q. stapes, T. parvus, Truncilla donacifonnis (I. Lea, 1828), Uniomerus tetralasmus (Say, 183 1), Utterbackia imbecillis (Say, 1829), A. confragosus, and P. dombeyanus. Unlike the mussel fauna of most Alabama streams, that of the Sipsey River is still relatively intact in terms of species richness despite impacts from mining, silvicultural, and agricultural activities. A concerted effort should be made to provide guidelines to manage floodplain and watershed activities to avoid future adverse impacts on this aquatic hotspot. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Geol Survey Alabama, University, AL 35486 USA. Alabama Power Co, Birmingham, AL 35291 USA. RP McCullagh, WH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Box 870345, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL SOC, INC PI WILMINGTON PA DELAWARE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, BOX 3937, WILMINGTON, DE 19807-0937 USA SN 0740-2783 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 649LQ UT WOS:000181210300002 ER PT J AU O'Brien, CA Williams, JA AF O'Brien, CA Williams, JA TI Reproductive biology of four freshwater mussels (Bivalvia : Unionidae) endemic to eastern Gulf Coastal Plain drainages of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Unionidae; freshwater mussel; host fish; reproductive biology; glochidia; shell morphology; endangered and threatened species ID WATER MUSSEL; FISH HOSTS; LIFE-HISTORY; MOLLUSCA; GLOCHIDIA; VIRGINIA; RIVER; METAMORPHOSIS; CONSERVATION AB The reproductive biology and glochidial shell morphology of three federally endangered freshwater mussels, the fat threeridge, Amblema neislerii; Gulf moccasinshell, Medionidus penicillatus; and oval pigtoe, Pleurobema pyriforme; and one federally threatened mussel, the purple bankclimber, Elliptoideus sloatianus, were studied from May 1995 to June 1997 in the Apalachicola, Flint, and Ochlockonee river drainages of Florida and Georgia. Gravid A. neislerii were found in early June. Laboratory experiments indicated that five fish species served as hosts: weed shiner, Notropis texanus; bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus; redear sunfish, L. microlophus; largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides; and blackbanded darter, Percina nigrofasciata. Elliptoideus sloatianus were found gravid from late February through mid-April. None of the 14 fish species exposed to E. sloatianus glochidia resulted in the identification of a primary host fish. Medionidus penicillatus were found gravid during September, November, March, and April. The brown darter, Etheostoma edwini, and blackbanded darter, Percina nigrofasciata, were identified as primary host fishes for M. penicillatus. Pleurobema pyriforme were found gravid from March through July. Only the sailfin shiner, Pteronotropis hypselopterus, was identified as a primary host fish for P. pyriforme. Glochidial shell morphology of A. neislerii, M. penicillatus, and A pyriforme were similar to other species in their respective genera. The glochidia of the monotypic species E. sloatianus were morphologically most similar to Epioblasma brevidens and E. capsaeformis. C1 Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP O'Brien, CA (reprint author), Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL SOC, INC PI WILMINGTON PA DELAWARE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, BOX 3937, WILMINGTON, DE 19807-0937 USA SN 0740-2783 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 158 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 649LQ UT WOS:000181210300014 ER PT J AU Castleberry, NL Castleberry, SB Ford, WM Wood, PB Mengak, MT AF Castleberry, NL Castleberry, SB Ford, WM Wood, PB Mengak, MT TI Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) food habits in the central Appalachians SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN; MANAGEMENT; FLORIDANA; RODENTS; FORESTS; OAKS AB Declining Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) populations suggest a need for more basic ecological information about the species for proper management. Within the core of the Allegheny woodrat's distribution in the central Appalachians, food habits and food resource availability are poorly understood. We collected fecal material from known Allegheny woodrats between November 1997 and December 1998 and used microhistological techniques to describe seasonal food habits in the oak (Quercus spp.), dominated forests of the Rid,e and Valley and the northern hardwood forests of the Allegheny Plateau physiographic provinces. We examined dietary differences among seasons within and between provinces. Green vegetation, hard mast, soft mast and fungi were present in Allegheny woodrat diets in both provinces in all seasons. presence of fungi and soft mast in the diet was higher and more widespread seasonally in the Allegheny Plateau than the Ridge and Valley due, in part, to the more mesic forest conditions and more extensive early successional forest habitat in the Allegheny plateau. Presence of hard mast in the diet tracked acorn production and availability in both provinces in 1997 and 1998. Significant acorn use on the Allegheny Plateau, where oak-dominated forest stands are rare, highlights the importance of hard mast to Allegheny woodrats. Based on food habits we describe, managers seeking to enhance Allegheny woodrat habitat need to provide a mix of habitat conditions containing abundant green vegetation and optimize production and availability of hard mast, soft mast and fungi. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. W Virginia Univ, Biol Resource Div, USGS W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Ferrum Coll, Div Life Sci, Ferrum, VA 24088 USA. RP Ford, WM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. NR 69 TC 15 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 147 IS 1 BP 80 EP 92 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2002)147[0080:AWNMFH]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511UG UT WOS:000173283500008 ER PT J AU Castleberry, SB Wood, PB Ford, WM Castleberry, NL Mengak, MT AF Castleberry, SB Wood, PB Ford, WM Castleberry, NL Mengak, MT TI Summer microhabitat selection by foraging allegheny woodrats (Neotoma magister) in a managed forest SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID 2 TEMPERATE-ZONE; HABITAT USE; PREDATION-RISK; SMALL MAMMALS; SCALE; POPULATION; PATTERNS; STANDS AB Anthropogenic disturbance near rock outcrops occupied by Allegheny woodrats (Neotoma magister) is suspected of contributing to population declines in the northern and western peripheries of the species distribution. We compared microhabitat characteristics among clearcut, diameter-limited and intact forest stands in the Allegheny mountains of West Virginia to determine effects of timber removal on Allegheny woodrat habitat selection. We measured microhabitat variables within 0.04-ha plots centered around foraging locations identified using radiotelemetry. Microhabitat variables also were measured in random plots within home ranges. We compared microhabitat variables among harvest methods, and between foraging and random plots within and across methods. Differences in microhabitats among timber harvest methods (F-3,F-14 = 20.31, P less than or equal to 0.001) were related to overstory characteristics, including total number of trees, canopy cover and overstory diversity. We observed no differences in microhabitat variables between foraging and random plots within any harvest method (F-3,F-82 = 1.20, P = 0.303). Differences between foraging and random plots across all methods (F-1,F-82 = 2.13, P = 0.036) related to understory diversity. Our results suggest that Allegheny woodrats tolerate a wide range of macrohabitat conditions, but habitat selection is primarily determined by microhabitat factors. Microhabitat selection may be related to the high mobility and generalist herbivore diet of this species. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30502 USA. W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Biol Resources Div, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Castleberry, SB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 147 IS 1 BP 93 EP 101 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2002)147[0093:SMSBFA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511UG UT WOS:000173283500009 ER PT J AU Pearl, CA Hayes, MP AF Pearl, CA Hayes, MP TI Predation by Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa) on western toads (Bufo boreas) in Oregon SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID GARTER SNAKES THAMNOPHIS; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; AMERICANUS; MECHANISMS; TADPOLES; SIRTALIS; ANURANS; HISTORY AB Toads of the genus Bufo co-occur with true frogs (family Ranidae) throughout their North American ranges. Yet, Bufo are rarely reported as prey for ranid frogs, perhaps due to dermal toxins that afford them protection from some predators. We report field observations from four different localities demonstrating that Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa) readily consume juvenile western toads (Bufo boreas) at breeding sites in Oregon. Unpalatability thought to deter predators of Selected taxa and feeding mode may not protect juvenile stages of western toads from adult Oregon spotted frogs. Activity of juvenile western toads can elicit ambush behavior by Oregon spotted frog adults. Our review of published literature suggests that regular consumption of toadlets sets Oregon spotted frogs apart from most North American ranid frogs. Importance of the trophic context of juvenile western toads as a seasonally important resource to Oregon spotted frogs needs critical investigation. C1 USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Habitat Program, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Pearl, CA (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 55 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 147 IS 1 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2002)147[0145:PBOSFR]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511UG UT WOS:000173283500015 ER PT J AU Gray, EV Lellis, WA Cole, JC Johnson, CS AF Gray, EV Lellis, WA Cole, JC Johnson, CS TI Host identification for Strophitus undulatus (Bivalvia : Unionidae), the creeper, in the upper susquehanna river basin, Pennsylvania SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FISH HOSTS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; LIFE-HISTORY; MOLLUSCA; MUSSEL; VIRGINIA; METAMORPHOSIS; GLOCHIDIA AB Hosts for Strophitus undulatus (Bivalvia: Unionidae) were identified through laboratory infestations. Strophitus undulatus had a low degree of host specificity, transforming on 15 of 22 species examined, including three non-native species and one anadromous species. Suitable hosts included five cyprinid species, two salmonids, two centrarchids, two percids and Acipenser oxyrhynchus (Atlantic sturgeon), Ameiurus natalis (yellow bullhead), Cottus cognatus (slimy sculpin) and Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens (red-spotted newt). Ten hosts were previously unknown. No metamorphosis was observed in a control treatment without a potential host. Recovery of juveniles occurred 12-41 d after infestation at 1318 C. Duration of glocidial attachment to the hosts declined with increasing water temperature. C1 US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. RP Gray, EV (reprint author), Ctr Urban Ecol, US Natl Pk Serv, 4598 MacArthur Blvd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 147 IS 1 BP 153 EP 161 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511UG UT WOS:000173283500016 ER PT J AU Chou, IM Seal, RR Hemingway, BS AF Chou, IM Seal, RR Hemingway, BS TI Determination of melanterite-rozenite and chalcanthite-bonattite equilibria by humidity measurements at 0.1 MPa SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article AB Melanterite (FeS(4)(.)7H(2)O)-rozenite (FeSO(4)(.)4H(2)O) and chalcanthite (CuSO(4)(.)5H(2)O)-bonattite (CuSO(4)(.)3H(2)O) equilibria were determined by humidity measurement, at 0.1 MPa. Two methods were used; one is the gas-flow-cell method (between 21 and 98 degreesC), and the other is the humidity-buffer method (between 21 and 70 degreesC). The first method has a larger temperature uncertainty even though it is more efficient. With the aid of humidity buffers, Which correspond to a series of saturated binary salt solutions, the second method yields reliable results as demonstrated by very tight reversals along each humidity buffer. These results are consistent with those obtained by the First method, and also with the solubility data reported in the literature. Thermodynamic analysis of these data yields values of 29.231 +/- 0.025 and 22.593 +/- 0.040 kJ/mol for standard Gibbs free energy of reaction at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa for melanterite-rozenite and chalcanthite-bonattite equilibria, respectively. The methods used in this study hold great potential for unraveling the thermodynamic properties of sulfate salts involved in dehydration reactions at near ambient conditions. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 953, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Chou, IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RI VIEILLARD, Philippe/B-8544-2008 OI VIEILLARD, Philippe/0000-0003-0394-7999 NR 35 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 12 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 87 IS 1 BP 108 EP 114 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 509JM UT WOS:000173144700012 ER PT J AU Cam, E Link, WA Cooch, EG Monnat, JY Danchin, E AF Cam, E Link, WA Cooch, EG Monnat, JY Danchin, E TI Individual covariation in life-history traits: Seeing the trees despite the forest SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE age; bivariate latent factors models; breeding probability; individual heterogeneity; within-cohort phenotypic selection; survival probability ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; REGRESSION-ANALYSIS; SURVIVAL-DATA; MIXED MODELS; CLUTCH SIZE; HETEROGENEITY; AGE; SENESCENCE AB We investigated the influence of age on survival and breeding rates in a long-lived species Rissa tridactyla using models with individual random effects permitting variation and covariation in fitness components among individuals. Differences in survival or breeding probabilities among individuals are substantial, and there was positive covariation between survival and breeding probability; birds that were more likely to survive were also more likely to breed, given that they survived. The pattern of age-related variation in these rates detected at the individual level differed from that observed at the population level. Our results provided confirmation of what has been suggested by other investigators: within-cohort phenotypic selection can mask senescence. Although this phenomenon has been extensively studied in humans and captive animals, conclusive evidence of the discrepancy between population-level and individual-level patterns of age-related variation in life-history traits is extremely rare in wild animal populations. Evolutionary studies of the influence of age on life-history traits should use approaches differentiating population level from the genuine influence of age: only the latter is relevant to theories of life-history evolution. The development of models permitting access to individual variation in fitness is a promising advance for the study of senescence and evolutionary processes. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Bretagne Occidentale, Lab Biol Anim, F-29285 Brest, France. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6553, Fonctionnement Ecosyst & Biol Conservat, F-35042 Rennes, France. Univ Paris 06, Ecol Lab, CNRS, UMR 7625, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RP Cam, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RI Danchin, Etienne/A-2299-2009 NR 75 TC 202 Z9 202 U1 5 U2 70 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 159 IS 1 BP 96 EP 105 DI 10.1086/324126 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 505PP UT WOS:000172923000007 PM 18707403 ER PT B AU Yanosky, TM Jarrett, RD AF Yanosky, TM Jarrett, RD BE House, PK Webb, RH Baker, VR Levish, DR TI Dendrochronologic evidence for the frequency and magnitude of paleofloods SO ANCIENT FLOODS, MODERN HAZARDS: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF PALEOFLOOD HYDROLOGY SE WATER SCIENCE AND APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Paleoflood Conference CY SEP 27-29, 1999 CL PRESCOTT, AZ SP US Bur Reclamat, Natl Sci Fdn, Hydrol Sci Program, USGS Western Reg Competit Grants Program Water Resources Res, INQUA Global Commiss Content Paleohydrol, Desert Res Inst, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Arizona Geol Survey ID RIPARIAN VEGETATION; GREAT-PLAINS; FLOOD; RIVER; GEOMORPHOLOGY; VIRGINIA; ANATOMY; TREES AB Tree-growth responses to flood damage can be used to document the frequency and magnitude of paleofloods, thereby extending the historical period of record and improving estimates of flood recurrence. Common responses include the formation of scars, sprouting from tilted stems, and eccentric ring growth; occasionally, ring-anatomical changes develop following damage to leaves and buds, or to prolonged root flooding that does not injure trees. The annual formation of rings permits flood dating to within a year, and sometimes to within several weeks in the case of anatomical responses. The average maximum height of scars provides a reliable indicator of paleoflood stages along both low- and high-gradient streams. Magnitude also can be estimated by recovering information of any kind from trees at successively higher flood-plain elevations. This paper discusses numerous paleoflood studies based on botanical evidence, and considers practical applications that include detection, sampling, and interpretation of botanical information. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Yanosky, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 56 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 0-87590-354-1 J9 WATER SCI APPL PY 2002 VL 5 BP 77 EP 89 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BV90H UT WOS:000180349700005 ER PT B AU Jarrett, RD England, JF AF Jarrett, RD England, JF BE House, PK Webb, RH Baker, VR Levish, DR TI Reliability of paleostage indicators for paleoflood studies SO ANCIENT FLOODS, MODERN HAZARDS: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF PALEOFLOOD HYDROLOGY SE WATER SCIENCE AND APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Paleoflood Conference CY SEP 27-29, 1999 CL PRESCOTT, AZ SP US Bur Reclamat, Natl Sci Fdn, Hydrol Sci Program, USGS Western Reg Competit Grants Program Water Resources Res, INQUA Global Commiss Content Paleohydrol, Desert Res Inst, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Arizona Geol Survey ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; FLOOD FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; MOUNTAIN CHANNELS; EXTREME FLOODS; COLORADO RIVER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INFORMATION; HOLOCENE; MANAGEMENT; COMPETENCE AB This paper documents the first systematic assessment for one aspect of paleoflood analysis: the relation between paleostage indicators (PSIs) and the peak stage of floods responsible for their emplacement. A main source of uncertainty in paleoflood reconstructions is maximum flood stage inferred from PSIs. Typically, the elevation of the top of the PSI is used as the minimum elevation of the flood that deposited the sediments, but little evidence supports this assumption. Data from recent large floods (median recurrence interval of 75 years), primarily in the western and west-central United States, were used for a comprehensive evaluation of the relation between flood-transported sediments (fresh PSIs) deposited as flood bars and/or slackwater deposits and flood high-water marks (HWMs). Surveys of flood-deposited sediments, HWMs, and channel geometry were made for 192 sites, primarily streams with gradients larger than 0.002 m/m and depths less than about 4.5 in. No statistically significant relation was identified with channel gradient, particle size, discharge, recurrence interval, expansion or contraction ratios, width, or depth variables. Analysis of the data indicates that the elevation at the top of the flood sediments (PSIs) is on average 15 nun higher than the HWMs; results slightly vary with type of deposit. The elevation at the top of flood-deposited sediments (new PSIs), preferably deposits nearest to channel margins, provides a reliable and accurate indication of the maximum height of the flood. Forty-six peak discharges that we estimated with the critical-depth and slope-conveyance methods also were compared with peak discharges independently made at streamflow-gaging stations, primarily determined using current-meter measurement; forty-two of the 46 estimates were within +/-25 percent of the gage peak discharge measurements. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Jarrett, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 72 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 0-87590-354-1 J9 WATER SCI APPL PY 2002 VL 5 BP 91 EP 109 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BV90H UT WOS:000180349700006 ER PT B AU Webb, RH Jarrett, RD AF Webb, RH Jarrett, RD BE House, PK Webb, RH Baker, VR Levish, DR TI One-dimensional estimation techniques for discharges of paleofloods and historical floods SO ANCIENT FLOODS, MODERN HAZARDS: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF PALEOFLOOD HYDROLOGY SE WATER SCIENCE AND APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Paleoflood Conference CY SEP 27-29, 1999 CL PRESCOTT, AZ SP US Bur Reclamat, Natl Sci Fdn, Hydrol Sci Program, USGS Western Reg Competit Grants Program Water Resources Res, INQUA Global Commiss Content Paleohydrol, Desert Res Inst, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Arizona Geol Survey ID COLORADO RIVER; ARIZONA; HYDROLOGY; UTAH; CHANNEL; CANYONS; CREEK AB Paleoflood data in the form of paleostage indicators (PSIs) are used as estimates for maximum flood stage. Discharges for paleofloods with PSI data can be estimated using one of the following one-dimensional flow techniques: (1) slope-conveyance method, (2) slope-area method, (3) step-backwater method, and (4) critical-depth method. The purpose of this paper is to review these methods, with an emphasis on their appropriateness in paleoflood studies. The step backwater and critical-depth methods are the most commonly used in paleoflood studies, although early paleoflood work relied on the slope-conveyance method. The underlying hydraulic theory behind these methods is similar, but each method uses different amounts of data and different solution schemes that affect their usefulness in paleoflood studies. Each method relies on the Manning's equation, and energy losses attributed to bed roughness are described with the Manning's n. Techniques for objectively determining Manning's n allow minimizing this source of error, although roughness changes at the time of the paleoflood cannot be objectively calculated but instead must be estimated. Discharge estimates in many previous paleoflood studies have been adequately documented, and such documentation should be made in future studies to aid evaluation of the accuracy of discharge estimates. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Webb, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1675 W Anklam Rd, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. NR 81 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 0-87590-354-1 J9 WATER SCI APPL PY 2002 VL 5 BP 111 EP 125 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BV90H UT WOS:000180349700007 ER PT B AU Denlinger, RP O'Connell, DRH House, PK AF Denlinger, RP O'Connell, DRH House, PK BE House, PK Webb, RH Baker, VR Levish, DR TI Robust determination of stage and discharge: An example from an extreme flood on the Verde River, Arizona SO ANCIENT FLOODS, MODERN HAZARDS: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF PALEOFLOOD HYDROLOGY SE WATER SCIENCE AND APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Paleoflood Conference CY SEP 27-29, 1999 CL PRESCOTT, AZ SP US Bur Reclamat, Natl Sci Fdn, Hydrol Sci Program, USGS Western Reg Competit Grants Program Water Resources Res, INQUA Global Commiss Content Paleohydrol, Desert Res Inst, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Arizona Geol Survey AB Depth-averaged models can simulate nearly all aspects of three-dimensional flow in rivers, yet are more efficiently applied to large areas. The assumption that fluid pressure is hydrostatic is found to provide a good approximation for shallow water flow over complex three-dimensional terrain. Here we compare depth-averaged flow simulations with data from two large floods that occurred on the Verde River, Arizona, in January and February, 1993. Using a combination of photogrammetric and geodetic data, we construct a 6 kin by 3 kin grid of a reach of the river that contains a USGS stream gage and a narrow bedrock constriction. Elevation accuracy is 0.05 in and grid accuracy is 0.2 in. In the study area the channel is bedrock-controlled and forms a right-angle bend followed by a constriction at Sheep Bridge. Water dammed by this constriction during the 1993 floods created a 3 in drop in water-surface elevation over a distance of 50 in. High velocities generated by this drop scoured the channel and built a large bar of boulders and cobbles that stretched across the channel 150 in downstream. Indicators of minimum water surface elevation, including mudlines, debris stranded on hillsides, and grass wrapped around trees were mapped at 45 sites along the channel. Discharge was monitored through a spillway at Horseshoe Dam, 15 kin downstream of the bridge, during the larger January flood, and stage and velocity were measured at the USGS Tangle Creek gage during the smaller February flood. High-water indicators near the gage are 0.07 in lower than the peak stage measured at the gage in January 1993. Peak stage and peak velocities exceeding 6 m/s lasted 4hours during the January flood, justifying the use of a steady-flow model for the 6 km long reach. The flow simulations for a discharge of 3398 m(3)/s (120,000 ft(3)/s) and a Manning's n value of 0.038 agree closely with direct velocity and stage measurements at the gage, a direct measurement of discharge through the spillway, and with the distribution of high-water marks along the channel. Other combinations of discharge and Manning's n result in larger residual errors in model fits to high-water indicators, and cannot fit both the high water marks and the observed combination of stage and peak velocity at the Tangle Creek gage for the 1993 floods. Thus discharge and bed roughness are uniquely constrained using profiles of maximum inundation along the channel margins extending upstream and downstream from the constriction. The inclusion of surface velocity measurements is not required, but improves resolution and statistical confidence in peak discharge estimates. C1 Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. RP Denlinger, RP (reprint author), Cascades Volcano Observ, 5400 MacArthur Blvd, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 0-87590-354-1 J9 WATER SCI APPL PY 2002 VL 5 BP 127 EP 146 PG 20 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BV90H UT WOS:000180349700008 ER PT B AU Blainey, JB Webb, RH Moss, ME Baker, VR AF Blainey, JB Webb, RH Moss, ME Baker, VR BE House, PK Webb, RH Baker, VR Levish, DR TI Bias and information content of paleoflood data in flood-frequency analysis SO ANCIENT FLOODS, MODERN HAZARDS: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF PALEOFLOOD HYDROLOGY SE WATER SCIENCE AND APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Paleoflood Conference CY SEP 27-29, 1999 CL PRESCOTT, AZ SP US Bur Reclamat, Natl Sci Fdn, Hydrol Sci Program, USGS Western Reg Competit Grants Program Water Resources Res, INQUA Global Commiss Content Paleohydrol, Desert Res Inst, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Arizona Geol Survey ID HISTORICAL INFORMATION; HYDROLOGY; QUANTILE; ARIZONA; RECORD; RIVER AB Paleoflood hydrology is commonly used to assess the magnitude and frequency of floods on rivers in bedrock-controlled reaches. Previous studies suggest that paleoflood data may either degrade or enhance the information content of gaging data in flood-frequency analysis, depending on analysis assumptions. In this study, we calculate the effect of combining synthetic paleoflood and gaging data on estimates of low-frequency flood quantiles. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we generate 5,000 realizations of a 4,000-year annual-flood series from a log-Pearson type III distribution. Using type I and type II censored models of paleoflood deposition and the last n-years (20-100 years) of the series as the gaging record, we fit the combined paleoflood and gaging data with the expected moments algorithm (EMA) and maximum-likelihood analysis (MAX). Our results are relevant to paleoflood records greater than 1,500 years in length and recurrence intervals ranging from 10 to 5,000 years. In general, the combination of paleoflood and gaging data improves the accuracy of flood-quantile estimates compared to gaging data alone when the three-parameter log-Pearson type Ell distribution is assumed to be the underlying parent distribution. Use of a two-threshold scenario, comprised of the largest flood as a single exceedance and the second largest flood as a period-of-record threshold, resulted in the best retrodiction of the parent population. Incomplete dating of paleoflood deposits, coupled with the assumption of a multiple-threshold exceedance scenario, may degrade the information content of paleoflood data in flood-frequency analysis compared to gaging data alone. Quantile estimates for gaging records with skew coefficients less than zero may not be improved with paleoflood data if the bias between paleoflood stage and maximum flood stage is not accounted for. Uncertainty of our results increases with increasing skew coefficient, suggesting limits to regionalization of our results. C1 US Geol Survey, Calif State Univ Fdn, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Blainey, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif State Univ Fdn, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 0-87590-354-1 J9 WATER SCI APPL PY 2002 VL 5 BP 161 EP 174 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BV90H UT WOS:000180349700010 ER PT B AU Webb, RH Blainey, JB Hyndman, DW AF Webb, RH Blainey, JB Hyndman, DW BE House, PK Webb, RH Baker, VR Levish, DR TI Paleoflood hydrology of the Paria River, Southern Utah and northern Arizona, USA SO ANCIENT FLOODS, MODERN HAZARDS: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF PALEOFLOOD HYDROLOGY SE WATER SCIENCE AND APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Paleoflood Conference CY SEP 27-29, 1999 CL PRESCOTT, AZ SP US Bur Reclamat, Natl Sci Fdn, Hydrol Sci Program, USGS Western Reg Competit Grants Program Water Resources Res, INQUA Global Commiss Content Paleohydrol, Desert Res Inst, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Arizona Geol Survey ID COLORADO RIVER; DRAINAGE-BASIN; CANYONS AB Three critical assumptions in paleoflood studies are that (1) successively higher-stage floods leave depositional evidence in flood deposits, (2) that the height of the flood deposit can be used as evidence of the water-surface elevation, and (3) one-dimensional flow models accurately depict water movement in bedrock-constrained channels. Slackwater deposit/paleostage indicator (SWD/PSI) evidence preserved along the Paria River in southern Utah and northern Arizona can be used to challenge or verify these assumptions as well as improve flood-frequency estimates. The Paria River is a highly sediment-charged river that occasionally produces exceptionally large floods. Downstream from the Utah-Arizona border, the river flows through a narrow bedrock canyon in Navajo Sandstone where considerable SWD/PSI evidence is preserved under overhanging walls, particularly at one site, informally named Bonza Alcove. The paleoflood record, which begins at 4.2 ka with a massive clay, consists of 5 flood units with an inset deposit of an additional 6 flood units. The stratigraphy demonstrates that smaller-discharge floods may overtop the units of larger floods owing to the nature of flood deposition in three dimensions. Silt lines correlative with some of the flood deposits were preserved across the flood deposits and on the sandstone walls; these silt lines were 0.30 to 0.90 m above the corresponding flood deposit. Using one-dimensional step-backwater analysis, the discharge that best matches the silt-line evidence for the largest historical flood is 1,200 m(3)/s, which is 2.6 times larger than the largest flood in the gaging record (1923-1998). Four different scenarios of varying amounts of paleoflood information are used in flood-frequency analysis, and the effect of the addition of paleoflood data in estimating flood recurrence quantiles is assessed. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Webb, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1675 W Anklam Rd, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 0-87590-354-1 J9 WATER SCI APPL PY 2002 VL 5 BP 295 EP 310 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BV90H UT WOS:000180349700017 ER PT B AU O'Connor, JE Grant, GE Costa, JE AF O'Connor, JE Grant, GE Costa, JE BE House, PK Webb, RH Baker, VR Levish, DR TI The geology and geography of floods SO ANCIENT FLOODS, MODERN HAZARDS: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF PALEOFLOOD HYDROLOGY SE WATER SCIENCE AND APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Paleoflood Conference CY SEP 27-29, 1999 CL PRESCOTT, AZ SP US Bur Reclamat, Natl Sci Fdn, Hydrol Sci Program, USGS Western Reg Competit Grants Program Water Resources Res, INQUA Global Commiss Content Paleohydrol, Desert Res Inst, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Arizona Geol Survey ID ALTAY MOUNTAINS; OUTBURST FLOODS; COLORADO RIVER; UNITED-STATES; NATURAL DAMS; LAKE; PALEOFLOOD; PALEOHYDROLOGY; DISCHARGE; BASIN AB From a global perspective, the magnitude, duration, and volume of riverine floods vary widely depending on source mechanism, global location, geology, and physiography. But despite this variance, there are real physical limits as to how large a flood can be. Meteorological floods result from individual storms of various types that deliver water volumes as great as 10(11) m(3) over a few days or weeks as well as from seasonally persistent climate patterns that deliver upwards of 10(12) m(3) over several weeks or months and cause peak discharges of as much as 10(5) m(3)/s within large, continental-scale basins. The fundamental limits to meteorologic flooding depend primarily on precipitation rates and volumes, and the efficiency with which distributed rainfall concentrates into channel networks. Global and U.S. flood records show that for basins primarily affected by individual storms, the largest flows are in areas where atmospheric moisture or storm tracks are intercepted by local topographic relief. For larger basins, the largest flows result from seasonably persistent climate patterns and, on a global basis, are generally in the tropical regions where there is more precipitable moisture. Especially notable is the contribution of high-relief topography to meteorologic flooding because of its double effect of (1) lifting of atmospheric moisture, thus increasing local precipitation, and (2) promoting faster concentration of flow into channels. Floods from dam failures and terrestrial freshwater sources such as lakes and ice caps involve similar total volumes as meteorological floods, up to 10(13) m(3), but with much larger discharges-as great as 2(.)10(7) m(3)/s. The largest well-documented dam-failure floods have been during Pleistocene ice ages when glaciers and changing hydrologic conditions deranged drainage systems, causing large lakes to breach ice dams and basin divides. The largest historic floods from terrestrial water sources have had discharges as great as 1.5.10(6) m(3)/s and include floods from volcanic-induced melting of ice caps and failures of ice and landslide dams. The fundamental limits to darn-failure floods primarily arise from the size of the outlet channel and the volume of the impounded waterbody. C1 US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97216 USA. RP O'Connor, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 10615 SE Cherry Blossom Dr, Portland, OR 97216 USA. NR 115 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 0-87590-354-1 J9 WATER SCI APPL PY 2002 VL 5 BP 359 EP 385 PG 27 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BV90H UT WOS:000180349700021 ER PT S AU Wheeler, RL AF Wheeler, RL BE Ettensohn, FR Rast, N Brett, CE TI Distinguishing seismic from nonseismic soft-sediment structures: Criteria from seismic-hazard analysis SO ANCIENT SEISMITES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 26-29, 1998 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Geol Soc Amer ID STABLE CONTINENTAL REGIONS; EARTHQUAKE; LIQUEFACTION; QUEBEC; PALEOSEISMICITY; MAGNITUDE; SAGUENAY; HOLOCENE; SHAKING; LAKE AB Most studies of the geologic records of prehistoric earthquakes are driven by the need of seismic-hazard analyses for estimates of the locations, ages, and magnitudes of individual large earthquakes. In North America, most such studies analyze surface ruptures and earthquake-induced sand blows, dikes, and sills. In contrast, small, soft-sediment structures in one or a few beds, possibly induced by seismic shaking, are little used in North American hazard analyses. The reason is that present methods for studying such structures often cannot demonstrate an earthquake origin, rule out alternatives, or estimate location, age, and magnitude as well as can methods developed for the study of surface ruptures and sand blows, dikes, and sills. This chapter proposes six tests to distinguish seismic from nonseismic origins of small, soft-sediment structures in one or a few beds. The tests utilize evidence for sudden formation, synchroneity and zoned map distribution over many exposures, size of the structures, and tectonic and depositional settings. The main barriers to more rigorous utilization of these soft-sediment structures in hazard analysis are (1) few observations of their formation during historical earthquakes, and (2) few or no measurements of the threshold earthquake magnitudes and threshold horizontal accelerations that are required to form the structures. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 44 TC 26 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 0-8137-2359-0 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2002 IS 359 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Geology SC Geology GA BV35U UT WOS:000178664900001 ER PT S AU Obermeier, SF Pond, EC Olson, SM Green, RA AF Obermeier, SF Pond, EC Olson, SM Green, RA BE Ettensohn, FR Rast, N Brett, CE TI Paleoliquefaction studies in continental settings SO ANCIENT SEISMITES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 26-29, 1998 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Geol Soc Amer ID LIQUEFACTION EVIDENCE; SOIL LIQUEFACTION; ARIAS INTENSITY; CASE-HISTORIES; EARTHQUAKES; HOLOCENE; SEDIMENTS; FEATURES; STRENGTH; FAILURE AB Research of the past 15 years has reported the manifestations of seismically induced liquefaction that occur in the sedimentary conditions commonly found in continental settings. And, criteria have been developed and published that can demonstrate a seismic origin for features of liquefaction origin. We present guidelines for conducting a paleoliquefaction search by means of geologic and geotechnical parameters. We also address the interpretation of results of a paleoliquefaction study in terms of locating the source region of a paleo-earthquake and back-calculating its strength of shaking and magnitude. Our critique of the geotechnical methods for these back-calculations points out uncertainties in the techniques that are most commonly used. The guidelines that we present for a paleoliquefaction search are in terms of both geologic and geotechnical parameters because it is the combination that is critical. Neither suffices alone, and the relations between the geologic setting and geotechnical properties must be appreciated in order to understand why seismically induced liquefaction features are to be found in some locales and not in others. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 73 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 0-8137-2359-0 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2002 IS 359 BP 13 EP 27 PG 15 WC Geology SC Geology GA BV35U UT WOS:000178664900002 ER PT S AU Mognard, NM Josberger, EG AF Mognard, NM Josberger, EG BE Winther, JG Solberg, R TI Northern Great Plains 1996/97 seasonal evolution of snowpack parameters from satellite passive-microwave measurements SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 34, 2002 SE Annals of Glaciology-Series LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Remote Sensing in Glaciology CY JUN 03-08, 2001 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD SP Int Glaciol Soc, NASA, US Natl Sci Fdn HO UNIV MARYLAND AB For the American northern Great Plains region, the 1996/97 snow season had snow accumulations much greater than normal, which combined with rapid warming to produce extensive flooding in the Red River of the North river basin. Passive-microwave observations from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) are used to follow the evolution of the snowpack during the snow season and to map the extent of standing water or very saturated soils during spring 1997. SSM/I-derived snow-depth algorithms that assume a fixed snow grain-size constantly underestimated the snow depth by a factor of 2 in the region where extensive flooding occurred. An estimate of the thermal gradient through the snowpack is used to model the growth of the snow grain-size and to compute more accurately the evolution of the snow depth over the region. As is commonly observed, when the melt season begins, liquid water in the snowpack causes the SSM/I spectral gradient to drop to zero. In this case, the spectral gradient fell to unusually negative values, which were indicative of large areas of open water, and not wet snow or soil. C1 CNES, CESBIO, F-31401 Toulouse 4, France. US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Mognard, NM (reprint author), CNES, CESBIO, Bpi 2801,18 Av Edouard Belin, F-31401 Toulouse 4, France. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-29-6 J9 ANN GLACIOL-SER PY 2002 VL 34 BP 15 EP 23 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU99C UT WOS:000177565100003 ER PT S AU Calvin, WM Milman, M Kieffer, HH AF Calvin, WM Milman, M Kieffer, HH BE Winther, JG Solberg, R TI Reflectance of Antarctica from 3 to 5 mu m: discrimination of surface snow and cloud properties SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 34, 2002 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Remote Sensing in Glaciology CY JUN 03-08, 2001 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MARYLAND SP Int Glaciol Soc, NASA, US Natl Sci Fdn HO UNIV MARYLAND ID RESOLUTION RADIOMETER DATA; SEA-ICE; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; AIRBORNE SIMULATOR; AVHRR IMAGERY; CLASSIFICATION; COVER; IDENTIFICATION; ULTRAVIOLET; SCATTERING AB Current techniques of cloud discrimination in polar regions, ice surface temperature measurement, sea-ice and snowfield extent mapping often rely on data acquired in the region from 3 to 5 pm. The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and the recently launched Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on Terra have spectral bands in this region used for these purposes. Approaches often consider the radiance value in this spectral range in terms of a single equivalent brightness temperature. However, this spectral region contains contributions from both solar-reflected and thermal-emitted radiance, and a water ice reflectance peak at 3.7 mum can be highly variable and a sensitive indicator of grain-size in icy particles either in clouds or as surface snow In December 1992 the Galileo spacecraft, on its way to Jupiter, flew by and acquired images of Antarctica that included spectral coverage in 408 channels in the wavelength range 1-5 mum with the Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS). The NIMS spectra provide a basis for the separation of the reflected and emitted components in this wavelength region. This separation then allows the examination of the observed variation of the reflected component with respect to cloud and surface ice properties. This analysis may help refine current algorithms for cloud discrimination in AVHRR and MODIS using channels from 3 to 5 mum. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Calvin, WM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-29-6 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2002 VL 34 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.3189/172756402781818012 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU99C UT WOS:000177565100019 ER PT S AU Wessels, RL Kargel, JS Kieffer, HH AF Wessels, RL Kargel, JS Kieffer, HH BE Winther, JG Solberg, R TI ASTER measurement of supraglacial lakes in the Mount Everest region of the Himalaya SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 34, 2002 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Remote Sensing in Glaciology CY JUN 03-08, 2001 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MARYLAND SP Int Glaciol Soc, NASA, US Natl Sci Fdn HO UNIV MARYLAND ID MASS-BALANCE; TSHO-ROLPA; GLACIERS; NEPAL; WATERS AB We demonstrate an application of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images to detect and monitor supraglacial lakes on glaciers in the Mount Everest region in Tibet (Xizang) and Nepal. ASTER offers powerful capabilities to monitor supraglacial lakes in terms of (1) surface area, growth and disappearance (spatial resolution = 15 m), (2) turbidity (15 in resolution), mid (3) temperature (90 in resolution). Preliminary results show an overall similarity of supraglacial lakes on three glaciers. Lakes have widely varying turbidity as indicated by color In visible/near-infrared bands 1-3, the largest lakes being bright blue (highly turbid), cold (near 0degreesC and hydraulically connected with other lakes and supraglacial streams, while small lakes arc mostly dark blue (relative lyclear water), warmer (>4degreesC), and appeal-hydraulically isolated. High levels of turbidity in supraglacial lakes indicate high rates of meltwater Input from streams of erosion of ice cliffs, and thus are an indirect measure relating to the activity and hydraulic integration of the lake with respect to other lakes and streams in the glacier. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Wessels, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 44 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 16 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-29-6 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2002 VL 34 BP 399 EP 408 DI 10.3189/172756402781817545 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU99C UT WOS:000177565100060 ER PT J AU Bynum, GL AF Bynum, GL TI The rejection of continental drift: Theory and method in American earth science. SO ANNALS OF SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 US Geol Survey, Mt View, CA 94043 USA. RP Bynum, GL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 650 Alamo Court 6, Mt View, CA 94043 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0003-3790 J9 ANN SCI JI Ann. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 59 IS 1 BP 107 EP 108 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 496YE UT WOS:000172425300013 ER PT J AU Takekawa, JY Wainwright-De La Cruz, SE Hothem, RL Yee, J AF Takekawa, JY Wainwright-De La Cruz, SE Hothem, RL Yee, J TI Relating body condition to inorganic contaminant concentrations of diving ducks wintering in coastal California SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; TRACE-ELEMENTS; POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; METAL CONTAMINATION; MALLARD DUCKS; HEAVY-METALS; SELENIUM; CANVASBACKS; MERCURY; SURVIVAL AB In wild waterfowl, poor winter body condition may negatively affect migration, survival, and reproduction. Environmental contaminants have been shown to adversely affect the body condition of captive birds, but few field studies have examined body condition and contaminants in wild birds during the winter. We assessed the body condition of carcasses from a collection of canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) and lesser (A. affinis) and greater scaup (A. marila) wintering in coastal California. We used Akaike information criterion (AIC) to select the model with the best balance of parsimony and goodness of fit that related indices of body condition with concentrations of Cd, Cu, Hg, Se, and Zn. Total ash-free protein in canvasbacks decreased with increasing Se concentrations, and pancreas mass decreased with increasing Hg. We combined the closely related lesser and greater scaup in analyses and found that total carcass fat, pancreas mass, and carcass mass decreased with increasing Zn concentrations, and pancreas mass decreased with increasing Hg. Our AIC analysis indicated that some indices of body condition in diving ducks were inversely related to some environmental contaminants in this collection, but additional AIC analyses should be conducted across a wider range of contaminant concentrations to corroborate our findings. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Takekawa, JY (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, POB 2012, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. NR 67 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 26 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 60 EP 70 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 496RD UT WOS:000172409000009 PM 11706369 ER PT J AU Thompson, WL AF Thompson, WL TI Towards reliable bird surveys: Accounting for individuals present but not detected SO AUK LA English DT Editorial Material ID CAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; VISIBILITY BIAS; TRANSECT COUNTS; AERIAL SURVEYS; DENSITY; POPULATIONS; MARK C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Thompson, WL (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM thompson@uark.edu NR 48 TC 200 Z9 212 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2002 VL 119 IS 1 BP 18 EP 25 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0018:TRBSAF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 528ZH UT WOS:000174275200002 ER PT J AU Bart, J Earnst, S AF Bart, J Earnst, S TI Double sampling to estimate density and population trends in birds SO AUK LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION AB We present a method for estimating density of nesting birds based on double sampling. The approach involves surveying a large sample of plots using a rapid method such as uncorrected point counts, variable circular plot counts, or the recently suggested double-observer method. A subsample of those plots is also surveyed using intensive methods to determine actual density. The ratio of the mean count on those plots (using the rapid method) to the mean actual density (as determined by the intensive searches) is used to adjust results from the rapid method. The approach works well when results from the rapid method are highly correlated with actual density. We illustrate the method with three years of shorebird surveys from the tundra in northern Alaska. In the rapid method, surveyors covered similar to10 ha h(-1) and surveyed each plot a single time. The intensive surveys involved three thorough searches, required similar to3 h ha(-1), and took 20% of the study effort. Surveyors using the rapid method detected an average of 79% of birds present. That detection ratio was used to convert the index obtained in the rapid method into an essentially unbiased estimate of density. Trends estimated from several years of data would also be essentially unbiased. Other advantages of double sampling are that (1) the rapid method can be changed as new methods become available, (2) domains can be compared even if detection rates differ, (3) total population size can be estimated, and (4) valuable ancillary information (e.g. nest success) can be obtained on intensive plots with little additional effort. We suggest that double sampling be used to test the assumption that rapid methods, such as variable circular plot and double-observer methods, yield density estimates that are essentially unbiased. The feasibility of implementing double sampling in a range of habitats needs to be evaluated. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Bart, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. NR 22 TC 85 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2002 VL 119 IS 1 BP 36 EP 45 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0036:DSTEDA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 528ZH UT WOS:000174275200004 ER PT J AU Lang, JD Powell, LA Krementz, DG Conroy, MJ AF Lang, JD Powell, LA Krementz, DG Conroy, MJ TI Wood thrush movements and habitat use: Effects of forest management for red-cockaded woodpeckers SO AUK LA English DT Article ID NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT BIRDS; BREEDING DISPERSAL; MIGRATORY BIRDS; FRAGMENTATION; POPULATIONS; SURVIVAL; PASSERINES; WARBLERS; SEASON; SIZE AB We monitored adult and juvenile breeding-season movements and habitat use of radio-tagged Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) at the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge, central Georgia, USA. We investigated the effects that management for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis), thinning and burning >30 year old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) habitat, had on Wood Thrushes, a ground-foraging and midstory-nesting species. Adult Wood Thrush pairs regularly moved long distances between nesting attempts (range I to 17,388 m). The only experimental effect we found on adult movements was a decrease in weekly emigration rates (Psi) from thinned and burned compartments after silvicultural management. Adult males preferred riparian hardwoods with sparse to moderate cover and those preferences increased following management. juveniles remained near their nest site ((x) over bar = 177 m, SE = 113) for an average 24 days (SE = 6.3), and then dispersed a mean 2,189 m (SE = 342). Before dispersal, juveniles preferred upland hardwood-pine mixed habitat (P < 0.05) with moderate overstory cover (P < 0.05). We found no management effects on dispersal distances or predispersal habitat use. However, juveniles from thinned and burned compartments dispersed to hardwood habitats with dense cover, whereas birds from control compartments dispersed to pine-dominated habitats with sparse cover. All juveniles dispersed to areas with habitat similar to what they used before dispersal. Small-scale thinning and burning for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers may have had little effect on Wood Thrush habitat use and movements because typical movements were often larger than the scale (stand or compartment) targeted for management. C1 Univ Georgia, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Lang, JD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RI Powell, Larkin/G-4570-2010 NR 44 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2002 VL 119 IS 1 BP 109 EP 124 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0109:WTMAHU]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 528ZH UT WOS:000174275200010 ER PT J AU Blomqvist, D Kempenaers, B Lanctot, RB Sandercock, BK AF Blomqvist, D Kempenaers, B Lanctot, RB Sandercock, BK TI Genetic parentage and mate guarding in the Arctic-breeding Western Sandpiper SO AUK LA English DT Article ID PATERNITY-ASSURANCE BEHAVIOR; EXTRA-PAIR PATERNITY; COPULATION BEHAVIOR; FERTILIZATIONS; BIRDS; POPULATION; FREQUENCY; DENSITY; SIZE AB Extrapair copulations and fertilizations are common among birds, especially in passerines. So far, however, few studies have examined genetic mating systems in socially monogamous shorebirds. Here, we examine parentage in the Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri). Given that Western Sandpipers nest at high densities on the Arctic tundra, have separate nesting and feeding areas, and show high divorce rates between years, we expected extrapair paternity to be more common in this species compared to other monogamous shorebirds. However, DNA fingerprinting of 98 chicks from 40 families revealed that only 8% of broods contained young sired by extrapair males, and that 5% of all chicks were extrapair. All chicks were the genetic offspring of their social mothers. We found that males followed females more often than the reverse. Also, cuckolded males were separated from their mates for longer than those that did not lose paternity. Although these results suggest a role for male mate guarding, we propose that high potential costs in terms of reduced paternal care likely constrain female Western Sandpipers from seeking extrapair copulations. C1 Austrian Acad Sci, Konrad Lorenz Inst Comparat Ethol, A-1160 Vienna, Austria. US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Kempenaers, B (reprint author), Max Planck Soc, Res Ctr Ornithol, POB 1564, D-82305 Starnberg, Seewiesen, Germany. RI Sandercock, Brett/L-1644-2016 OI Sandercock, Brett/0000-0002-9240-0268 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2002 VL 119 IS 1 BP 228 EP 233 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0228:GPAMGI]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 528ZH UT WOS:000174275200022 ER PT J AU Ghalambor, CK Martin, TE AF Ghalambor, CK Martin, TE TI Comparative manipulation of predation risk in incubating birds reveals variability in the plasticity of responses SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Certhia; incubation feeding; nest predation; parental care; phenotypic plasticity; Poecile; Sitta ID FLYCATCHER FICEDULA-HYPOLEUCA; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; NEST PREDATION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; PARENTAL CARE; EGG TEMPERATURE; REACTION NORMS; BEHAVIOR; PERSPECTIVES; CONSTRAINTS AB The evolution of different parental care strategies is thought to result from variation in trade-offs between the costs and benefits associated with providing care. However, changing environmental conditions can alter such fitness trade-offs and favor plasticity in the type or amount of parental care provided. Avian incubation is a form of parental care where parents face changing environmental conditions, including variation in the risk of nest predation. Because parental activity can draw attention to the location of the nest, a reduction in nest visitation rates is a predicted response to an increased, immediate predation risk. Here, we experimentally increased the risk of nest predation using model presentations at nests of five coexisting species that differ in their ambient levels of nest predation. We examined whether individuals detect changes in nest predation risk and respond by reducing visitation to the nest. We also tested whether this behavioral response differs among species relative to differences in their ambient risk of nest predation. We found that males of all species detected the increased predation risk and reduced the rate at which they visited the nest to feed incubating females, and the magnitude of this change was highly correlated with differences in the risk of nest predation across species. Hence, as the vulnerability to nest predation increases, males appear more willing to trade the cost of reduced food delivery to the female against the benefit of reduced predation risk. Our results therefore suggest that nest predators can have differential effects on parental behaviors across species. We discuss how the comparative nature of our results can also provide insight into the evolution of behavioral plasticity. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Avian Studies Program, Biol Resources Div,US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Ghalambor, CK (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 53 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 5 U2 52 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1093/beheco/13.1.101 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 513QW UT WOS:000173390700015 ER PT J AU Danchin, E Cam, E AF Danchin, E Cam, E TI Can non-breeding be a cost of breeding dispersal? SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age; breeding habitat selection; conspecific reproductive success; costs of breeding dispersal; experience; non-breeding; private and public information; Rissa tridactyla; social attraction ID CONSPECIFIC REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; FLYCATCHER FICEDULA-ALBICOLLIS; KITTIWAKE RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; HABITAT SELECTION; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; WANDERING ALBATROSS; SITE FIDELITY; LIFE-HISTORY; SURVIVAL AB Breeding habitat selection and dispersal are crucial processes that affect many components of fitness. Breeding dispersal entails costs, one of which has been neglected: dispersing animals may miss breeding opportunities because breeding dispersal requires finding a new nesting site and mate, two time- and energy-consuming activities. Dispersers are expected to be prone to non-breeding. We used the kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) to test whether breeding dispersal influences breeding probability. Breeding probability was associated with dispersal, in that both were negatively influenced by private information (previous individual reproductive success) and public information (average reproductive success of conspecifics) about patch quality. Furthermore, the probability of skipping breeding was 1.7 times higher in birds that settled in a new patch relative to those that remained on the same patch. Finally, non-breeders that resumed breeding were 4.4 times more likely to disperse than birds that bred in successive years. Although private information may influence breeding probability directly, the link between breeding probability and public information may be indirect, through the influence of public information on breeding dispersal, non-breeding thus being a cost of dispersal. These results support the hypothesis that dispersal may result in not being able to breed. More generally, non-breeding (which can be interpreted as an extreme form of breeding failure) may reveal costs of various previous activities. Because monitoring the non-breeding portion of a population is difficult, non-breeders have been neglected in many studies of reproduction trade-offs. C1 Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7625, F-75252 Paris 05, France. US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Danchin, E (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7625, Bat A,7 Quai St Bernard,Case 237, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RI Danchin, Etienne/A-2299-2009 NR 67 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 51 IS 2 BP 153 EP 163 DI 10.1007/s00265-001-0423-5 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 516NH UT WOS:000173559000006 ER PT J AU Bierman, PR Caffee, MW Davis, PT Marsella, K Pavich, M Colgan, P Mickelson, D Larsen, J AF Bierman, PR Caffee, MW Davis, PT Marsella, K Pavich, M Colgan, P Mickelson, D Larsen, J TI Rates and timing of earth surface processes from in situ-produced cosmogenic Be-10 SO BERYLLIUM: MINERALOGY, PETROLOGY, AND GEOCHEMISTRY SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID EASTERN BAFFIN-ISLAND; AUSTRALIAN BEDROCK EROSION; PRE-PLEISTOCENE LANDSCAPES; NUCLIDE PRODUCTION-RATES; EXCEPTIONALLY LOW RATES; LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; RAY-EXPOSURE DATES; IN-SITU; SCALING FACTORS; CRITICAL REEVALUATION C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Bentley Coll, Dept Nat Sci, Waltham, MA 02152 USA. Skidmore Coll, Dept Geol, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Geol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Bierman, PR (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 227 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 12 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2002 VL 50 BP 147 EP 205 PG 59 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BW13E UT WOS:000180949600004 ER PT J AU Blalock-Herod, HN Herod, JJ Williams, JD AF Blalock-Herod, HN Herod, JJ Williams, JD TI Evaluation of conservation status, distribution, and reproductive characteristics of an endemic Gulf Coast freshwater mussel, Lampsilis australis (Bivalvia : Unionidae) SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Choctawhatchee; distribution; Escambia; glochidia; lampsilis australis; reproduction; unionid; yellow AB The southern sandshell, Lampsilis australis Simpson, 1900, is a rare freshwater mussel endemic to the Escambia, Yellow, and Choctawhatchee river drainages in Alabama and Florida. Laboratory observations confirmed L. australis as a superconglutinate producer. Superconglutinate and glochidial morphology are similar to those of other superconglutinate producers. The current distribution of L. australis, as determined from recent surveys (1995-2000) and field notes (1990-2000), is compared with its historical distribution as defined by museum collections and field notes made between 1900 and 1989. The current distribution of L. australis is reduced by 76% compared to its historical distribution, although L. australis was located at new sites in the recent surveys. Relative abundance of L. australis was low at all but two sites. Based on reproductive strategy, range reductions, low relative abundance, and potential threats within the Escambia, Yellow, and Choctawhatchee river drainages, we believe L. australis should be considered for protection under the Endangered Species Act. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Blalock-Herod, HN (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1601 Balboa Ave, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PY 2002 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1877 EP 1887 DI 10.1023/A:1020362020903 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 597CJ UT WOS:000178204300012 ER PT S AU Haro, A Castro-Santos, T Whalen, K Wippelhauser, G McLaughlin, L AF Haro, A Castro-Santos, T Whalen, K Wippelhauser, G McLaughlin, L BE Dixon, DA TI Simulated effects of hydroelectric project regulation on mortality of American eels SO BIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT, AND PROTECTION OF CATADROMOUS EELS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biology, Management, and Protection of Catadromous Eels held at American-Fisheries-Society CY AUG 21-22, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID MIGRATION; ANGUILLA AB We used six years of silver-phase American eel Anguilla rostrata catch data from a weir on a Maine river to determine if river flow and rainfall were predictive of eel migration timing and simulate operational modifications at a hypothetical hydroelectric project to mitigate eel turbine and spill-induced mortality, using eel run timing characteristics and environmental data. We found a significant positive correlation between daily river flow and daily proportion of the run, and significantly more eels were captured on days when rain events occurred than on days when no rain occurred. There was no correlation between mean flow during the run and: timing of run initiation (first 5% of the run); number of days between 5 and 25% cumulative migration; or total number of eels captured over the entire run. Simulations showed that mortality of the entire run decreased with increasing spill flow, and also decreased significantly when generation was Suspended on days with significant rainfall. Suspending hydro project operations on dates encompassing 25-75% of the cumulative eel catch caused a reduction in eel mortality of two-thirds to one-half relative to normal operation. Run mortality was further halved when limits on hydro project operation were set using a combination of rainfall events and eel run timing factors. As a strategy for consistently reducing run mortality on an annual basis, suspending generation for a seven day period during the most probable time of peak downstream movement was as unreliable as normal project operation, and was less than half as reliable as limiting hydro project operations on dates encompassing 25-75% of the cumulative eel catch (similar to 30 days). Our simulations provide guidance when modification of hydroelectric project operations is being considered as a mitigative tool for downstream passage of eels, and in identifying critical areas for future research. C1 US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Turners Falls, MA USA. RP Haro, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, POB 796, Turners Falls, MA USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-42-5 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2002 VL 33 BP 357 EP 365 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BX36A UT WOS:000185058900031 ER PT S AU Parsley, MJ Anders, PJ Miller, AI Beckman, LG McCabe, GT AF Parsley, MJ Anders, PJ Miller, AI Beckman, LG McCabe, GT BE VanWinkle, W Anders, PJ Secor, DH Dixon, DA TI Recovery of white sturgeon Populations through natural production : Understanding the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on spawning and subsequent recruitment SO BIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT, AND PROTECTION OF NORTH AMERICAN STURGEONS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biology, Management, and Protection of North American Sturgeon CY AUG 24-25, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Elect Power Res Inst, Amer Fisheries Soc ID LOWER COLUMBIA-RIVER; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; EARLY-LIFE; POTENTIAL PRODUCTION; FISHES; PREDATION; VULNERABILITY; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; LARVAL AB Recovery or maintenance of sturgeon populations through natural production in perturbed rivers requires adequate knowledge of the abiotic and biotic factors that influence spawning and cause mortality of embryonic, larval, and juvenile life stages. Although it is known that year-class strength of white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus is determined within 2-3 months after spawning, little is known about specific causes of mortality to early life stages during this period. Initial spawning success is critical in the development of a strong year-class, and maximized recruitment may be dependent upon water temperature and the availability of optimal in-river habitat. Analyses have shown that increased river discharge combined with suitable water temperatures during spawning, egg incubation, yolk sac larvae dispersal, and first exogenous feeding result in greater recruitment. However, little is known about the importance of other variables, such as food availability or losses due to predation that influence year-class strength. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Parsley, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. NR 62 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-36-0 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2002 VL 28 BP 55 EP 66 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BU81L UT WOS:000177114000005 ER PT S AU Fox, DA Hightower, JE Parauka, FM AF Fox, DA Hightower, JE Parauka, FM BE VanWinkle, W Anders, PJ Secor, DH Dixon, DA TI Estuarine and nearshore marine habitat use by gulf sturgeon from the Choctawhatchee River system, Florida SO BIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT, AND PROTECTION OF NORTH AMERICAN STURGEONS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biology, Management, and Protection of North American Sturgeon CY AUG 24-25, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Elect Power Res Inst, Amer Fisheries Soc ID OF-MEXICO STURGEON; ACIPENSER OXYRINCHUS DESOTOI; SUWANNEE RIVER; LIFE-HISTORY; SHORTNOSE STURGEONS; MIGRATION; ATLANTIC; MOVEMENTS; ABUNDANCE AB Although most species of anadromous sturgeons worldwide are threatened with extinction, information on the estuarine and marine components of their life history is generally lacking. During March 1997 to July 1999, we used ultrasonic telemetry to examine estuarine and marine habitat use of adult Gulf sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi from the Choctawhatchee Bay/River System, Florida. During winter and spring, telemetered Gulf sturgeon were distributed nonrandomly within Choctawhatchee Bay, with most relocations in nearshore areas 2-4 m deep. Within the bay, Gulf sturgeon occasionally moved long distances but usually remained in localized areas (<1 km(2)) for several weeks. Areas where Gulf sturgeon remained for prolonged periods were characterized by sandy substrate harboring a benthic community dominated by crustaceans and annelids. A majority of male Gulf sturgeon remained exclusively in Choctawhatchee Bay during the winter and spring. In contrast, a majority of females during this time were either relocated in the Gulf of Mexico or were absent at sampling locations, having last been detected at bay entrances. Declines in habitat quality in Choctawhatchee Bay and the Gulf of Mexico may hinder recovery of this species, since adult Gulf sturgeon rely on these areas for nourishment during periods of gonadal growth. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hightower, JE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 44 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-36-0 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2002 VL 28 BP 111 EP 125 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BU81L UT WOS:000177114000010 ER PT S AU Welsh, SA Eyler, SM Mangold, ME Spells, AJ AF Welsh, SA Eyler, SM Mangold, ME Spells, AJ BE VanWinkle, W Anders, PJ Secor, DH Dixon, DA TI Capture locations and growth rates of Atlantic sturgeon in the Chesapeake bay SO BIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT, AND PROTECTION OF NORTH AMERICAN STURGEONS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biology, Management, and Protection of North American Sturgeon CY AUG 24-25, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Elect Power Res Inst, Amer Fisheries Soc ID NORTH-AMERICA; ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS; RESTORATION; MANAGEMENT; SHORTNOSE AB Little information exists on temporal and spatial distributions of wild and hatchery-reared Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus in the Chesapeake Bay. Approximately 3,300 hatchery. reared Atlantic sturgeon comprised of two size groups were released into the Nanticoke River, a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay, on 8 July 1996. During January 1996-May 2000, 1099 Atlantic sturgeon were captured incidentally (i.e., bycatch) by commercial watermen in the Chesapeake Bay, including 420 hatchery-reared individuals. Wild and hatchery-reared Atlantic sturgeon were captured primarily in pound nets and gill nets. Biologists tagged each fish and recorded weight, length, and location of capture. Although two adults greater than 2000 mm fork length (FL) were captured in Maryland waters, wild sturgeon were primarily juveniles from Maryland and Virginia waters (415 and 259 individuals below 1000 min FL, respectively). A growth rate of 0.565 mm/d (N = 15, SE = 0.081) was estimated for wild individuals (487-944 mm TL at release) at liberty from 30 to 622 d. The average growth of the group of hatchery-reared Atlantic sturgeon raised at 10degreesC exceeded that of the group raised at 17degreesC. Our distributional data based on capture locations are biased by fishery dependence and gear selectivity. These data are informative to managers, however, because commercial effort is widely distributed in the Chesapeake Bay, and little distributional data were available before this study. C1 US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Welsh, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-36-0 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2002 VL 28 BP 183 EP 194 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BU81L UT WOS:000177114000015 ER PT J AU Contreras-Sanchez, WM Fitzpatrick, MS ALonso, M Schreck, CB Leong, JAC AF Contreras-Sanchez, WM Fitzpatrick, MS ALonso, M Schreck, CB Leong, JAC TI Identification of unique genes expressed during sex inversion of nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, by cDNA subtractive hybridization SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Biol Resources Div, USGS,Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Dept Environm Qual, Portland, OR USA. Univ Juarez Autonoma Tabasco, Lab Acuacultura, Villahermosa, Mexico. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2002 VL 66 SU 1 MA 153 BP 159 EP 160 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 568UD UT WOS:000176561900212 ER PT J AU Driscoll, CT Lawrence, GB Bulger, AJ Butler, TJ Cronan, CS Eagar, C Lambert, KF Likens, GE Stoddard, JL Weathers, KC AF Driscoll, CT Lawrence, GB Bulger, AJ Butler, TJ Cronan, CS Eagar, C Lambert, KF Likens, GE Stoddard, JL Weathers, KC TI Acid deposition explains sugar maple decline in the east - Response from Driscoll and colleagues SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Cornell Univ, Ctr Environm, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Hubbard Brook Res Fdn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. US EPA, Corvallis Environm Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Driscoll, CT (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 2002 VL 52 IS 1 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 514TG UT WOS:000173456700004 ER PT S AU Irwin, ER Jackson, JR Noble, RL AF Irwin, ER Jackson, JR Noble, RL BE Philipp, DP Ridgway, MS TI A reservoir landscape for age-0 largemouth bass SO BLACK BASS: ECOLOGY, CONSERVATION, AND MANAGEMENT SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Black Bass 2000 Symposium CY AUG 21-24, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Bass Pro Shops, In Fisherman ID LITTORAL-ZONE; HABITAT; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; STREAMS; PATTERN; FISHES; LAKES AB Landscape ecology is concerned with how ecological processes are affected by spatial patterns. Identification of heterogeneity in littoral zones has expanded the conceptual framework of aquatic landscapes. Long-term study of a reservoir largemouth bass population indicated that the amount and arrangement of habitat regulated the population processes. The distribution of age-0 largemouth bass was quantified in relation to littoral habitat and relations between landscape features and population parameters on scales from embayment to microhabitat were determined. At the embayment scale, shoreline slope and amount of gravel substratum predicted fivefold variability in abundance among four reservoir embayments. Within an embayment, these habitat features explained between 37 and 88 percent of variation in shoreline distribution of age-0 largemouth bass. At the microhabitat scale, age-0 largemouth bass exhibited patchy distributions in relation to gravel substratum at 40 percent of sites. These results indicate that the landscape scale domain for young largemouth bass is large; whereas, specific patterns explained processes across multiple scales. Distributions of age-0 largemouth bass in relation to habitat, however, were apparent on a fine scale (10 m) and these data, coupled with limited movement behavior of young largemouth bass, indicate that the ecological neighborhood of this life stage is small. Our data also suggested that some habitats may be source habitats because embayments with hypothesized higher source/sink ratios were more productive. Although patch arrangement critical to young largemouth bass ecology was not quantified, it was apparent that embayments with more complex habitats likely provided the extent of the landscape for age-0 largemouth bass in Jordan Lake. Identification of scale of patchiness (of fish distributions and habitats) for this life stage will assist in making inferences regarding complex ecological processes that can affect year-class productivity on multiple scales. C1 Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Irwin, ER (reprint author), Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 108 M White Smith Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-38-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2002 VL 31 BP 61 EP 71 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BW08F UT WOS:000180817600005 ER PT S AU Saunders, R Bozek, MA Edwards, CJ Jennings, MJ Newman, SP AF Saunders, R Bozek, MA Edwards, CJ Jennings, MJ Newman, SP BE Philipp, DP Ridgway, MS TI Habitat features affecting smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu nesting success in four northern Wisconsin Lakes SO BLACK BASS: ECOLOGY, CONSERVATION, AND MANAGEMENT SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Black Bass 2000 Symposium CY AUG 21-24, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Bass Pro Shops, In Fisherman ID BODY-SIZE; CENTRARCHIDAE; SURVIVAL; PISCES; BEHAVIOR; STREAMS AB Evaluating spawning success in relation to habitat characteristics of nests sites provides critical information necessary to assess the effects riparian and littoral zone habitat alterations have on smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu survival and recruitment. The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate smallmouth bass nest site quality in lakes in order to evaluate the importance habitat features have on nesting success. We evaluated smallmouth bass egg survival and fry production as a function of nest characteristics in four northern Wisconsin lakes from 1998 to 2000 using simple and multiple linear regression analyses. Mean smallmouth bass egg survival and fry production were significantly different (analysis of variance [ANOVA]) among lakes; nests in Big Crooked and Bear Lakes had higher egg survival and fry production than Pallette and Sanford Lakes. Relations were variable among lakes, indicating that no single habitat feature consistently predicted nest success across lakes. Habitat features accounted for up to 27 percent (distance to nest cover) of the variation in egg survival and 50 percent (diameter of nearest log cover) of the variation in fry production. Measures of substrate size were the most predominant nest characteristic associated with variation in both egg survival and fry production among lakes but they were not significant in all lakes. Other features related to nest cover, nest position, and morphology explained some variation in egg survival and fry production but they were inconsistent across lakes. This study shows that habitat characteristics affecting smallmouth bass nesting success are extremely variable across lakes and will require further study to elucidate how habitat quality influences nesting success. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Saunders, R (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-38-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2002 VL 31 BP 123 EP 134 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BW08F UT WOS:000180817600010 ER PT S AU Bozek, MA Short, PH Edwards, CJ Jennings, MJ Newman, SP AF Bozek, MA Short, PH Edwards, CJ Jennings, MJ Newman, SP BE Philipp, DP Ridgway, MS TI Habitat selection of nesting smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu in two north temperate lakes SO BLACK BASS: ECOLOGY, CONSERVATION, AND MANAGEMENT SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Black Bass 2000 Symposium CY AUG 21-24, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Bass Pro Shops, In Fisherman ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; RESOURCE SELECTION; REGRESSION; WISCONSIN; SURVIVAL AB Anthropogenic disturbances in nearshore littoral zones of lakes may affect spawning habitat and recruitment of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, yet habitat models that quantify habitat selection by smallmouth bass in lakes are not well developed nor are their limitations understood. In this study we quantified smallmouth bass spawning habitat in two northern Wisconsin lakes and developed resource selection functions to describe habitat selection of spawning sites. In general, nest sites in both lakes were located near wood or rock cover, at water depths of 0.5-3.0 m, and contained nest substrates where at least 40 percent of the particles were 6.4-149.0 mm in diameter. However, specific habitat selection by smallmouth bass differed between lakes. The best resource selection function for Big Crooked Lake contained six significant habitat variables (i.e., sand, gravel, cobble, embeddedness, rock cover, and wood cover) and correctly classified eighty-four percent of the nest sites in Big Crooked Lake. The best resource selection function for Sanford Lake contained four significant habitat variables (i.e., sand, gravel, average embeddedness, and rock cover) and correctly classified ninety-two percent of the nest sites in Sanford Lake. Despite high success of within-lake classification of nest sites in both lakes, generality of models differed substantially when tested between lakes for validation. The best models developed in Big Crooked Lake in 1997 and 1998 correctly classified only 25 and 8 percent of the nests in Sanford Lake for respective years, whereas the best model developed in Sanford Lake in 1997 and 1998 correctly classified 67 and 100 percent of the nests in Big Crooked Lake. The less complex model developed in Sanford Lake was more transferable between lakes, correctly predicting nest sites over a wider range of habitat types. Understanding limitations of habitat selection is critical for development of habitat models to aid protection and restoration of littoral zone habitats. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, USGS,Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Bozek, MA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, USGS,Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-38-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2002 VL 31 BP 135 EP 148 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BW08F UT WOS:000180817600011 ER PT S AU Gross, TS Wieser, CM Sepulveda, MS Wiebe, JJ Schoeb, TR Denslow, ND AF Gross, TS Wieser, CM Sepulveda, MS Wiebe, JJ Schoeb, TR Denslow, ND BE Philipp, DP Ridgway, MS TI Characterization of annual reproductive cycles for pond-reared Florida largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides floridanus SO BLACK BASS: ECOLOGY, CONSERVATION, AND MANAGEMENT SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Black Bass 2000 Symposium CY AUG 21-24, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Bass Pro Shops, In Fisherman ID CLARIAS-MACROCEPHALUS GUNTHER; STEROID-HORMONE PROFILES; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; RAINBOW-TROUT; TELEOST; CATFISH; PLASMA; RICHARDSON; FISHES AB The annual reproductive cycle of hatchery-raised largemouth bass (Florida subspecies Micropterus salmoides floridanus) was characterized over a one-year period. Largemouth bass have a distinct annual reproductive cycle with a spring spawning season (approximately between mid-January and mid-June). Cycle characterization focused on an evaluation of gonadal development and plasma concentrations of several sex steroids and vitellogenin (VTG). Adult largemouth bass (n = 20: 10 females and 10 males) were collected monthly from hatchery ponds for one full calendar year. Plasma samples were analyzed for estradiol-17beta (E-2), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), testosterone (T), progesterone (P), and VTG. Gonadal tissues were weighed to calculate gonadosomatic index (GSI) and evaluated histologically to characterize reproductive stage. In both sexes, GSI began to increase in November, and peaked in February-March. Increases in gonad weights were correlated with maturation of gonads as evidenced by histological evaluations. Bass exhibited seasonal changes in plasma sex steroids and VTG. In males, 11-KT was the only sex steroid that showed strong seasonality, with highest values in February. ln females, although E-2 and T concentrations followed a similar annual cycle, with highest and lowest values in February and August, respectively, the strongest pattern was observed with E-2. 11-KT concentrations were less variable across months, and values were about half of those observed in males. In females, P peaked two months after E-2 with high values still in May and June and decreased thereafter, and VTG began to increase in October, but peaked a month prior to the observed peaked in E-2. VTG was also detected in males but at concentrations that were about 1/12 that of females, and no seasonal pattern was evident. This study is the first to fully characterize the seasonal endocrine cycle for largemouth bass. These data will be useful when conducting reproductive evaluations of free-ranging populations of largemouth bass and for assessing potential reproductive effects due to environmental contaminants in this species. C1 USGS, Biol Resources Div, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Gross, TS (reprint author), USGS, Biol Resources Div, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-38-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2002 VL 31 BP 205 EP 212 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BW08F UT WOS:000180817600017 ER PT J AU Nowak, B Elliott, DG Bruno, DW AF Nowak, B Elliott, DG Bruno, DW TI The identification of parasites in fish tissue sections SO BULLETIN OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF FISH PATHOLOGISTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th international Conference of the European-Association-of-Fish-Pathologists CY SEP, 2001 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND SP Euro Assoc Fish Pathologists ID AMEBIC GILL DISEASE; SALMO-SALAR L.; ATLANTIC SALMON; YELLOWTAIL; STAIN AB The identification of parasites in tissue sections is often difficult and fresh specimens are always required for accurate taxonomical classification. However, histological sections are in many cases the only material available and the identification of parasites in sections the subject of the recent histopathology workshop held in Dublin. The group reviewed the characteristics of representative protozoan and metazoan parasites in sections and identified key features to aid identification. A CD from the workshop will be compiled as a reference source. C1 Univ Tasmania, Sch Aquaculture, Tasmanian Aquaculture & Fisheries Inst, Aquafin CRC, Launceston, Tas 7250, Australia. USGS, Western Fish Res Ctr, BRD, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. FRS Marine Lab, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland. RP Nowak, B (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Sch Aquaculture, Tasmanian Aquaculture & Fisheries Inst, Aquafin CRC, Locked Bag 1-370, Launceston, Tas 7250, Australia. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU EUR ASSOC FISH PATHOLOGISTS PI ABERDEEN PA C/O DR DAVID BRUNO, MARINE LABORATORY, PO BOX 101, VICTORIA RD, ABERDEEN AB11 9DB, SCOTLAND SN 0108-0288 J9 BULL EUR ASSN FISH P JI Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2 BP 173 EP 177 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 559DD UT WOS:000176009100019 ER PT J AU Hagstrum, JT Hoblitt, RP Gardner, CA Gray, TE AF Hagstrum, JT Hoblitt, RP Gardner, CA Gray, TE TI Holocene geomagnetic secular variation recorded by volcanic deposits at Mount St. Helens, Washington SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eruptive intervals; geomagnetic field; Mount St. Helens; paleomagnetism; paleosecular variation ID NORTH-AMERICA; LAVA FLOWS; ERUPTIONS; HAWAII AB A compilation of paleomagnetic data from volcanic deposits of Mount St. Helens is presented in this report. The database is used to determine signature paleomagnetic directions of products from its Holocene eruptive events, to assign sampled units to their proper eruptive period, and to begin the assembly of a much larger database of paleomagnetic directions from Holocene volcanic rocks in western North America. The paleomagnetic results from. Mount St. Helens are mostly of high quality, and generally agree with the division of its volcanic deposits into eruptive episodes based on previous geologic mapping and radiocarbon dates. The Muddy River andesite's paleomagnetic direction, however, indicates that it is more likely part of the Pine Creek eruptive period rather than the Castle Creek period. In addition, the Two-Fingers andesite flow is more likely part of the Middle Kalama eruptive period and not part of the Goat Rocks period. The paleomagnetic data from Mount St. Helens and Mount Hood document variation in the geomagnetic field's pole position over the last similar to2,500 years. A distinct feature of the new paleosecular variation (PSV) record, similar to the Fish Lake record (Oregon), indicates a sudden change from rapid clockwise movement of the pole about the Earth's spin axis to relatively slow counterclockwise movement at similar to800 to 900 years B.P. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. State Nevada Div Environm Protect, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. RP Hagstrum, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 937, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 63 IS 8 BP 545 EP 556 DI 10.1007/s00445-001-0178-x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 521KM UT WOS:000173839200004 ER PT J AU Fisher, SJ Willis, DW Olson, MM Krentz, SC AF Fisher, SJ Willis, DW Olson, MM Krentz, SC TI Flathead chubs, Platygobio gracilis, in the upper Missouri River: The biology of a species at risk in an endangered habitat SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE flathead Chub; Platygobio gracilis; Cyprinidae; habitat alterations; food habits; Coleoptera; Copepoda; backwaters; Missouri River; North Dakota ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; MAIN-CHANNEL; BACKWATERS AB Flathead Chub, Platygobio gracilis, populations have declined in portions of their range where natural flood-pulses and 9 functioning backwaters have been eliminated. Observations of these declines have led ecologists to consider both the species and their at-risk habitats. Backwater and sandbar habitats in the Missouri River, North Dakota were sampled during a high flow (1997) and an average flow (1999) year. Of the 817 larval fishes captured in the backwaters, none were Flathead Chubs. Significantly fewer (P<0.01) Flathead Chub adults and juveniles were captured in the backwaters than from sandbar habitats during all sample periods. Male chubs were all mature at 110-mm total length (TL) and age 2, whereas females were not all mature until age 3 and 170-mm TL. In 1997, Ostracoda, Hemiptera, and Copepoda dominated the diets. whereas in 1999, Coleoptera, Trichoptera, and Hymenoptera were utilized in significantly greater amounts (P < 0.05). Flathead Chub maximum age was 5 and the mean back-calculated total lengths at age were 104-, 153-, 186-, and 223-mm TL for ages 1-4. Incremental growth analyses indicated that greater increases in total length were attained in 1997 than in 1999; however, body condition was significantly higher in 1999 (P < 0.006). The contradiction between growth and condition cannot be explained; however, it could be energetically advantageous to maintain a more fusiform body shape during high flows. Although the backwaters were not important physical habitat for Flathead Chubs, backwater productivity may have critically contributed to the prey base during the high flow period of 1997. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Windom, MN 56101 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Willis, DW (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 44 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 116 IS 1 BP 26 EP 41 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 628GX UT WOS:000179985900003 ER PT J AU Igl, LD Martin, RE AF Igl, LD Martin, RE TI Records of Northern Mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos, occurrences in North Dakota during the twentieth century SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Northern Mockingbird; Mimus polyglottos; distribution and abundance; North Dakota; population status; twentieth century AB The Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) is a common bird in the southern United States that has been expanding its breeding range into the northern United States and southern Canada. During the twentieth century, there were 128 reports of Northern Mockingbird occurrences in North Dakota, including 106 reports during the breeding season (15 April to 31 August) and 22 during the nonbreeding season (I September to 14 April). The species has been largely absent from North Dakota from January through mid-April. Prior to the 1930s, there was only one record (1916) of the Northern Mockingbird in the state. Observations of Northern Mockingbirds in North Dakota increased markedly between the 1930s and 1990s. On average, there were 0.3 reports of mockingbirds per year in 1931-1940, 0.6 in 1941-1950, 1.1 in 1951-1960, 1.6 in 19611970, 2.4 in 1971-1980, 2.3 in 1981-1990, and 4.5 in 1991-2000. The species has been observed in North Dakota nearly annually since 1958. At least six reports during the twentieth century included evidence of nesting (nests or dependent young). Based on mockingbird records during the twentieth century, we designate the current status of the Northern Mockingbird in North Dakota as a rare spring migrant, rare summer visitant, casual nester, and a casual fall and winter visitant. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Igl, LD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. OI Igl, Lawrence/0000-0003-0530-7266 NR 69 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 116 IS 1 BP 87 EP 97 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 628GX UT WOS:000179985900010 ER PT J AU Mech, LD AF Mech, LD TI Breeding season of Wolves, Canis lupus, in relation to latitude SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Wolf; Canis lupus; reproduction; latitude; breeding; mating ID WOLF AB A significant relationship was found between Wolf (Canis lupus) breeding dates and latitudes between 12degrees and 80degrees N, with Wolves breeding earlier at lower latitudes, probably because of differences in seasonality. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Raptor Ctr, 1920 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 116 IS 1 BP 139 EP 140 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 628GX UT WOS:000179985900027 ER PT J AU Woodman, N Schneider, E Grant, P Same, D Schmall, KE Curtis, JT AF Woodman, N Schneider, E Grant, P Same, D Schmall, KE Curtis, JT TI A new southern distributional limit for the Central American rodent Peromyscus stirtoni SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAMMALS C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Peace Corps, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, POB 37012,NHB 378,MRC-111, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PUERTO RICO 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2002 VL 38 IS 3-4 BP 281 EP 284 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 623BT UT WOS:000179683900018 ER PT S AU Fassett, JE Zielinski, RA Budahn, JR AF Fassett, JE Zielinski, RA Budahn, JR BE Koeberl, C MacLeod, KG TI Dinosaurs that did not die: Evidence for Paleocene dinosaurs in the Ojo Alamo Sandstone, San Juan Basin, New Mexico SO CATASTROPHIC EVENTS AND MASS EXTINCTIONS: IMPACTS AND BEYOND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Interdisciplinary Conference on Catastrophic Events and Mass Extinctions - Impacts and Beyond CY JUL 09-12, 2000 CL UNIV VIENNA, VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Lunar & Planetary Inst, Barringer Crater Co, European Sci Fdn Impact, Fed Minist Educ, Sci, and Culture, Geolog Survey Austria, Vienna Convent Bureau, Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem, Finnegan, Micromass, & Cameca Instruments HO UNIV VIENNA ID CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; COLORADO; DEPOSITS AB Palynologic and paleomagnetic data confirm a Paleocene age for the Ojo Alamo Sandstone (and its contained dinosaurs) throughout the San Juan Basin of New Mexico. The recently reported discovery of 34 skeletal elements from a single hadrosaur in the Ojo Alamo provides unequivocal evidence that these bones were not reworked from underlying Cretaceous strata. Geochemical studies of samples from several single-dinosaur-bone specimens from the Paleocene Ojo Alamo Sandstone and the underlying Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Kirtland Formation show that mineralized bones from these two rock units contain distinctly different abundances of uranium and rare-earth elements and demonstrate that Cretaceous and Paleocene bones were mineralized at different times when mineralizing fluids had distinctly different chemical compositions. These findings indicate that the dinosaur bone from the Paleocene Ojo Alamo is indigenous and not reworked. These data show that a relatively diverse assemblage of dinosaurs survived the end-Cretaceous asteroid-impact extinction event of 65.5 Ma. The San Juan Basin's Paleocene dinosaur fauna is herein named the Alamoan fauna. Magnetic-polarity chronology shows that these survivors lived for about one million years into the Paleocene and then became extinct around 64.5 Ma. We suggest that a plausible survival mechanism for this Lazarus fauna may have been the large numbers of buried dinosaur eggs, laid just before the asteroid impact occurred. These buried eggs would have provided a safe haven for developing dinosaur embryos for the first one to two years after the impact, thereby making it possible for them to survive the worst of the impact's early devastation. C1 US Geol Survey, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Fassett, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5212 Los Nidos Dr, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. EM jimgeology@qwest.net NR 68 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 0-8137-2356-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2002 VL 356 BP 307 EP 336 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BV31N UT WOS:000178575200023 ER PT S AU Sandberg, CA Morrow, JR Ziegler, W AF Sandberg, CA Morrow, JR Ziegler, W BE Koeberl, C MacLeod, KG TI Late Devonian sea-level changes, catastrophic events, and mass extinctions SO CATASTROPHIC EVENTS AND MASS EXTINCTIONS: IMPACTS AND BEYOND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Interdisciplinary Conference on Catastrophic Events and Mass Extinctions - Impacts and Beyond CY JUL 09-12, 2000 CL UNIV VIENNA, VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Lunar & Planetary Inst, Barringer Crater Co, European Sci Fdn Impact, Fed Minist Educ, Sci, and Culture, Geolog Survey Austria, Vienna Convent Bureau, Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem, Finnegan, Micromass, & Cameca Instruments HO UNIV VIENNA ID FRASNIAN-FAMENNIAN BOUNDARY; SOUTHERN NEVADA; GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE; ALAMO BRECCIA; BIOTIC CRISIS; IMPACT; HORIZON; EXAMPLE; ANOXIA; CHINA AB Late Devonian history is explained through event stratigraphy comprising a sequence of 18 sea-level changes, catastrophic events, and mass extinctions. Generally rising sea level during the initial Frasnian Stage, beginning with the Taghanic onlap and ending with a sea-level fall and major mass extinction, was interrupted by several exceptionally rapid, very high rises of sea level. These rises may be related to a series of comet showers, as suggested by the coincidence of the Alamo Impact in Nevada and the older Anidnau Event in Germany with two of the sea-level rises. The subcritical, off-platform marine Alamo Impact is demonstrated to have produced greatly different effects in deep water from those previously recorded on the carbonate platform. The series of comet showers, most notably those around the Frasnian-Famennian boundary, evidenced by microtektites in widely separated regions, not only produced the late Frasnian mass extinction, but also induced global cooling. This cooling resulted in Southern Hemisphere glaciation. Generally falling sea level during the later Famennian Stage was interrupted by several warmer, interglacial episodes, evidenced by glacio-eustatic rises. Another, less severe mass extinction occurred during an abrupt sea-level fall near the end of the Famennian. This glacio-eustatic fall is interpreted to have resulted from a severe, terminal glacial episode. Interpretation of Late Devonian history suggests that impacts and comet showers coincided with sea-level rises, whereas mass extinctions occurred during, not at the start of, sea-level falls. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Sandberg, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 939, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM sandberg@usgs.gov NR 82 TC 88 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 19 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 0-8137-2356-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2002 VL 356 BP 473 EP 487 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BV31N UT WOS:000178575200035 ER PT S AU Granato, GE Smith, KP AF Granato, GE Smith, KP BE Jensen, JL Burggraf, LW TI Automated ground-water monitoring with Robowell--case studies and potential applications SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EARLY WARNING MONITORING FOR WATER, FOOD AND GROUND SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Early Warning Monitoring for Water, Food, and Ground CY NOV 01-02, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE DE ground water; automation; water quality; technology transfer ID WELLS; BIAS AB Robowell is an automated system and method for monitoring ground-water quality. Robowell meets accepted manual-sampling protocols without high labor and laboratory costs. Robowell periodically monitors and records water-quality properties and constituents in ground water by pumping a well or multilevel sampler until one or more purge criteria have been met. A record of frequent water-quality measurements from a monitoring site can indicate changes in ground-water quality and can provide a context for the interpretation of laboratory data from discrete samples. Robowell also can communicate data and system performance through a remote communication link. Remote access to groundwater data enables the user to monitor conditions and optimize manual sampling efforts. Six Robowell prototypes have successfully monitored ground-water quality during all four seasons of the year under different hydrogeologic conditions, well designs, and geochemical environments. The U.S. Geological Survey is seeking partners for research with robust and economical water-quality monitoring instruments designed to measure contaminants of concern in conjunction with the application and commercialization of the Robowell technology. Project publications and information about technology transfer opportunities are available on the Internet at URL http://ma.water.usgs.gov/automon/. C1 US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. RP Granato, GE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 10 Bearfoot Rd, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4303-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4575 BP 32 EP 41 DI 10.1117/12.456921 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BU46S UT WOS:000176067200004 ER PT S AU Szabo, Z Oden, JH Gibs, J Donald, ER Ding, Y AF Szabo, Z Oden, JH Gibs, J Donald, ER Ding, Y BE Jensen, JL Burggraf, LW TI Variation in aluminum, iron, and particle concentrations in oxic groundwater samples collected by use of tangential-flow ultrafiltration with lowflow sampling SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EARLY WARNING MONITORING FOR WATER, FOOD AND GROUND SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Early Warning Monitoring for Water, Food, and Ground CY NOV 01-02, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE DE colloids; filtration; geochemistry; ground water; light scattering; low-flow sampling; oxic environments; tangential-flow ultrafiltration; trace elements; turbidity ID TRACE-ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS; FRESH-WATER SYSTEMS; METAL; FIELD; COLLOIDS; AQUIFER AB Particulates that move with ground water and those that are artificially mobilized during well purging could be incorporated into water samples during collection and could cause trace-element concentrations to vary in unfiltered samples, and possibly in filtered samples (typically 0.45-um (micron) pore size) as well, depending on the particle-size fractions present. Therefore, measured concentrations may not be representative of those in the aquifer. Ground water may contain particles of various sizes and shapes that are broadly classified as colloids, which do not settle from water, and particulates, which do. In order to investigate variations in trace-element concentrations in ground-water samples as a function of particle concentrations and particle-size fractions, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, collected samples from five wells completed in the unconfined, oxic Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system of the New Jersey Coastal Plain. Samples were collected by purging with a portable pump at low flow (0.2-0.5 liters per minute and minimal drawdown, ideally less than 0.5 foot). Unfiltered samples were collected in the following sequence: (1) within the first few minutes of pumping, (2) after initial turbidity declined and about one to two casing volumes of water had been purged, and (3) after turbidity values had stabilized at less than I to 5 Nephelometric Turbidity Units. Filtered samples were split concurrently through (1) a 0.45-um pore size capsule filter, (2) a 0.45-um pore size capsule filter and a 0.0029-um pore size tangential-flow filter in sequence, and (3), in selected cases, a 0.45-um and a 0.05-um pore size capsule filter in sequence. Filtered samples were collected concurrently with the unfiltered sample that was collected when turbidity values stabilized. Quality-assurance samples consisted of sequential duplicates (about 25 percent) and equipment blanks. Concentrations of particles were determined by light scattering. Variations in concentrations aluminum and iron (1-74 and 1-199 ug/L (micrograms per liter), respectively), common indicators of the presence of particulate-borne trace elements, were greatest in sample sets from individual wells with the greatest variations in turbidity and particle concentration. Differences in trace-element concentrations in sequentially collected unfiltered samples with variable turbidity were 5 to 10 times as great as those in concurrently collected samples that were passed through various filters. These results indicate that turbidity must be both reduced and stabilized even when low-flow sample-collection techniques are used in order to obtain water samples that do not contain considerable particulate artifacts. Currently (2001) available techniques need to be refined to ensure that the measured trace-element concentrations are representative of those that are mobile in the aquifer water. C1 US Geol Survey, Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. RP Szabo, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd,Ste 206, Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4303-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4575 BP 42 EP 61 DI 10.1117/12.456922 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BU46S UT WOS:000176067200005 ER PT J AU Li, SL Zhang, XK Mooney, WD Lai, XL Michael, AJ Duan, YH AF Li, SL Zhang, XK Mooney, WD Lai, XL Michael, AJ Duan, YH TI A preliminary study on fine structures of Jiashi earthquake region and earthquake generating fault SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA Chinese DT Article DE Jiashi earthquake swarm; velocity structure; fault imaging; joint inversion ID VELOCITY STRUCTURE; CALIFORNIA AB It is very unusual that nine large earthquakes of similar magnitudes ( M = 6.1-6.8) occurred within a very small area and a very short period of time (1997-1998) in Jiashi of Xinjiang Province, Northwest China. This paper analyzes the observed data of the aftershocks in the Jiashi earthquake region for studying the generating mechanism and deep structural background of the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm. The simultaneous inversion method was used to calculate the hypocenter positions and 3-D velocity structure of this region. The results show that the aftershocks concentrated in a NNE-trending belt, which roughly coincides with the NE-trending belt of the two strong earthquake belts. Velocity structure obtained from 3-D inversion suggests that there exist two low velocity zones, one trending NNE and the other NNW, below the depth of 12 km. These low velocity zones are almost consistent with the two strong earthquake belts. The preliminary results lead to the conclusion that the low velocity zones correspond to two deep crustal faults. At the time of our observation, microearthquakes took place on the NNE-trending fault, while the NNW-trending fault was relatively quiescent. C1 China Seismolog Bur, Res Ctr Explorat Geophys, Zhengzhou 450002, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Li, SL (reprint author), China Seismolog Bur, Res Ctr Explorat Geophys, Zhengzhou 450002, Peoples R China. OI Michael, Andrew/0000-0002-2403-5019 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0001-5733 J9 CHINESE J GEOPHYS-CH JI Chinese J. Geophys.-Chinese Ed. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 45 IS 1 BP 76 EP + PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 516KC UT WOS:000173551600010 ER PT J AU de Leon, GPP Choudhury, A AF de Leon, GPP Choudhury, A TI Adult endohelminth parasites of ictalurid fishes (Osteichthyes : Ictaluridae) in Mexico: Empirical evidence for biogeographical patterns SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ictaluridae; Ictalurus spp.; Digenea; Cestoda; Nematoda; Phyllodistomum lacustri; Genarchella tropica; Alloglossidium corti; Campechetrema sp.; Corallobothrium fimbriatum; Megathylacoides giganteum; Choanoscolex lamothei; Dichelyne mexicanus; Goezia sp.; Rhabdochona sp.; helminths; biogeography; Mexico ID FRESH-WATER FISH; HELMINTH COMMUNITIES AB The helminth fauna of Mexican ictalurids was investigated through original surveys and published literature in order to evaluate the biogeography of host-parasite associations of a primarily nearctic host group in a major faunal transition area. In total. 84 specimens of 4 species of ictalurids (Ictalurus balsanus, Ictalurus dugesi. Ictalurus furcatus, and Ictalurus punctatus) were sampled from 7 localities in 5 hydrological drainages. Ten species of adult endohelminths were recovered from this survey. including 4 species of digeneans (Phyllodistomum lacustri, Genarchella tropica, Alloglossidium corti, and Campechetrema sp,), 3 cestodes (Corallobothrium fimbriatum, Megathylacoides giganteum, and Choanoscolex lamothei), and 3 nematodes (Dichelyne me,xi(anus. Goezia sp.. and Rhabdochona sp.). The adult helminth fauna of ictalurids reported in this study is composed of taxa that Lire typical of ictalurids in other parts of North America. north of Mexico, This core fauna (in a historical biogeographic sense) includes the corallobuthriines C. fimbriatum and M. giganteum and the digeneans P. lacustri and A. corti. Two other helminths, C. lamothei and D. mexicanus. may be added to this group in the future. Other helminths occurred sporadically and provide evidence for host-sharing (ecological host extensions), but we were unable to identify any valid cases of host-switching from more distantly related hosts. The helminth fauna provides evidence that the ictalurids developed their characteristic helminth fauna without neotropical influences and that the phylogenetic affinities of the ictalurids do not appear to be with any neotropical siluriform. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Lab Helmintol, Mexico City 04500, DF, Mexico. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP de Leon, GPP (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Lab Helmintol, Apartado Postal 70-153, Mexico City 04500, DF, Mexico. NR 44 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 69 IS 1 BP 10 EP 19 DI 10.1654/1525-2647(2002)069[0010:AEPOIF]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 518YQ UT WOS:000173696300002 ER PT J AU Naff, RL Russell, TF Wilson, JD AF Naff, RL Russell, TF Wilson, JD TI Shape functions for velocity interpolation in general hexahedral cells SO COMPUTATIONAL GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE control-volume method; CVMFE method; distorted grid; hexahedral grid; local Darcy law; local mass conservation; mixed method; Piola transformation; vector shape function; 3-D AB Numerical methods for grids with irregular cells require discrete shape functions to approximate the distribution of quantities across cells. For control-volume mixed finite-element (CVMFE) methods, vector shape functions approximate velocities and vector test functions enforce a discrete form of Darcy's law. In this paper, a new vector shape function is developed for use with irregular, hexahedral cells (trilinear images of cubes). It interpolates velocities and fluxes quadratically, because as shown here, the usual Piola-transformed shape functions, which interpolate linearly, cannot match uniform flow on general hexahedral cells. Truncation-error estimates for the shape function are demonstrated. CVMFE simulations of uniform and non-uniform flow with irregular meshes show first- and second-order convergence of fluxes in the L-2 norm in the presence and absence of singularities, respectively. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Naff, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 11 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-0597 J9 COMPUTAT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PY 2002 VL 6 IS 3-4 BP 285 EP 314 DI 10.1023/A:1021218525861 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 619HG UT WOS:000179470100005 ER PT S AU Naff, RL Russell, TF Wilson, JD AF Naff, RL Russell, TF Wilson, JD BE Hassanizadeh, SM Schotting, RJ Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Shape functions for three-dimensional control-volume mixed finite-element methods on irregular grids SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL DELFT, NETHERLANDS AB Numerical methods based on unstructured grids, with irregular cells, frequently require discrete shape functions to approximate the distribution of quantities across cells. For control-volume mixed finite-element methods, vector shape functions are used to approximate the distribution of velocities across cells. Previous, two-dimensional developments used linear shape functions to interpolate velocities within a quadrilateral cell. For irregular hexahedral cells in three dimensions, it can be shown that linear shape functions cannot exactly represent the flux distribution across a cell under uniform flow conditions. As a result, uniform flow cannot be exactly simulated. A new vector shape function is proposed for use with irregular hexahedral cells that should provide for a more accurate velocity approximation within a cell. This velocity shape, function is a non-linear interpolator, containing quadratic terms. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Naff, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-50975-5 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2002 VL 47 BP 359 EP 366 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BV40A UT WOS:000178839400046 ER PT S AU Mehl, S Hill, MC AF Mehl, S Hill, MC BE Hassanizadeh, SM Schotting, RJ Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Evaluation of a local grid refinement method for steady-state block-centered finite-difference groundwater models SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL DELFT, NETHERLANDS AB A new method of local grid refinement for two-dimensional block-centered finite-difference meshes that uses an iteration-based feedback to couple two separate grids has been developed. Its convergence properties have been evaluated and comparisons with alternative methods have been completed (Mehl and Hill, in review a). This work further investigates a difficulty encountered with the traditional telescopic mesh refinement (TMR) methods that lack a feedback. Results indicate: (1) Coupling the coarse grid with the refined grid in a numerically rigorous way that allows for a feedback can improve the coarse grid results; this improvement is not possible using the TMR methods because there is no feedback. (2) The TMR methods work well in situations where the better resolution of the locally refined grid has little influence on the overall flow-system dynamics, but if this is not true, lack of a feedback mechanism produced errors in head up to 6.8% and errors in cell-to-cell fluxes up to 7.1% for the case presented. (3) For the TMR methods, coupling using flux boundary conditions produces significant inconsistencies in the head distribution at the boundary interface. TMR inaccuracies can substantially effect parameter estimation (Mehl and Hill, in review b). C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Mehl, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-50975-5 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2002 VL 47 BP 367 EP 374 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BV40A UT WOS:000178839400047 ER PT S AU Wilson, JD Naff, RL Russell, TF AF Wilson, JD Naff, RL Russell, TF BE Hassanizadeh, SM Schotting, RJ Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Efficient solver for mixed finite element method and control-volume mixed finite element method in 3-D on Hexahedral grids SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL DELFT, NETHERLANDS AB An efficient solver for the mixed finite element (MFE) method on 3-D distorted hexahedral cells has been implemented. The method relies on being able to define a divergence-free subspace. The divergence-free subspace is used to eliminate the pressure variable from the set of equations, resulting in a symmetric positive definite system. The preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method is used to solve the reduced system. A two-level additive Schwarz method is implemented as the preconditioner. We show that the same efficient solver can be used for the control-volume mixed finite element (CVMFE) method. The CVMFE method uses a discontinuous vector test space which leads to more accurate velocities in the presence of discontinuous anisotropic hydraulic conductivities on distorted hexahedral grids. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wilson, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-50975-5 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2002 VL 47 BP 429 EP 436 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BV40A UT WOS:000178839400055 ER PT S AU Parkhurst, DL Kipp, KL AF Parkhurst, DL Kipp, KL BE Hassanizadeh, SM Schotting, RJ Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Parallel processing for PHAST: a three-dimensional reactive-transport simulator SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL DELFT, NETHERLANDS AB A parallel algorithm for the reactive-transport simulator PHAST was developed for a Beowulf cluster of Linux PCs. The Local Area Multicomputer implementation of the Message Passing Interface standard was used for communication among processors. PHAST simulates reactive transport by operator splitting the calculation into a flow and transport step and a chemical reaction step. A load-balancing algorithm was developed using random mapping of cells to the processors for the reaction task and rebalancing after each time step. Testing with a demonstration field-scale example showed that the parallel algorithm was scalable over a range of processors and problem sizes. Load balancing is an important element of the parallel algorithm. Super-linear speedup indicated that the sequential program is not optimal in cache usage. Relative speedups on 16.8 effective processors ranged from 10 to 24 which can bring field-scale reactive-transport simulations into a reasonable timeframe. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Parkhurst, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS-413,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-50975-5 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2002 VL 47 BP 711 EP 718 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BV40A UT WOS:000178839400091 ER PT S AU Hunt, RJ AF Hunt, RJ BE Hassanizadeh, SM Schotting, RJ Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Evaluating the importance of future data collection sites using parameter estimation and analytic element groundwater flow models SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL DELFT, NETHERLANDS AB Given that resources available for model calibration data are limited, effort expended to determine the importance of future data collection for a given project objective can be extremely valuable if the cost in time and funding is not prohibitive. An approach for using parameter estimation sensitivity techniques with analytic element groundwater models to evaluate the importance of data collection sites for model calibration is presented here. Using this approach, it was found that head data collected away from surface-water features (i.e., lakes and streams) are more important than head data near surface-water features for estimating global conductivity, global recharge, and sub-basin recharge in both mature and immature drainage basins. Head data collected most distant from surface-water features can be more important for recharge estimation than information on streamflow in some cases. In basins where the terminus (most downstream site of a basin) is near a confluence, a mid-basin gage site away from the confluence was shown to be more important for estimating basin recharge than a gage site near the terminus. In the headwaters of an immature drainage network, a gage site that encompasses most of the basin of interest was most important. Finally, the determination of the optimal stream resistance is likely not tractable using the approach discussed in this paper because of low sensitivity to commonly collected head and flow information and the limitation of Dupuit-Forchheimer models for simulating heads near three-dimensional features such as streams and lakes. C1 US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Hunt, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-50975-5 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2002 VL 47 BP 755 EP 761 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BV40A UT WOS:000178839400099 ER PT J AU Spidle, AP Schill, WB Lubinski, BA King, TL AF Spidle, AP Schill, WB Lubinski, BA King, TL TI Fine-scale population structure in Atlantic salmon from Maine's Penobscot River drainage (vol 2, pg 11, 2001) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Correction C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Johnson Controls Inc, World Serv, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Aquat Ecol Lab, 1700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2002 VL 3 IS 2 BP 213 EP 213 DI 10.1023/A:1015276529584 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 588DK UT WOS:000177685600014 ER PT J AU Patirana, A Hatch, SA Friesen, VL AF Patirana, A Hatch, SA Friesen, VL TI Population differentiation in the red-legged kittiwake (Rissa brevirostris) as revealed by mitochondrial DNA SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE evolutionarily significant unit; gene flow; management unit; mitochondrial control region; population genetic structure; red-legged kittiwake ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; GENE FLOW; MARBLED MURRELETS; CONSERVATION; HAPLOTYPES; SEQUENCES; EVOLUTION; POLYMORPHISMS; SUBSTITUTIONS; PROGRAM AB Population decline in red-legged kittiwakes (Rissa brevirostris) over recent decades has necessitated the collection of information on the distribution of genetic variation within and among colonies for implementation of suitable management policies. Here we present a preliminary study of the extent of genetic structuring and gene flow among the three principal breeding locations of red-legged kittiwakes using the hypervariable Domain I of the mitochondrial control region. Genetic variation was high relative to other species of seabirds, and was similar among locations. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that population genetic structure was statistically significant, and nested clade analysis suggested that kittiwakes breeding on Bering Island maybe genetically isolated from those elsewhere. However, phylogeographic structure was weak. Although this analysis involved only a single locus and a small number of samples, it suggests that red-legged kittiwakes probably constitute a single evolutionary significant unit; the possibility that they constitute two management units requires further investigation. C1 Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Patirana, A (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2002 VL 3 IS 3 BP 335 EP 340 DI 10.1023/A:1019935726807 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 588UD UT WOS:000177718900011 ER PT J AU Murphy, MA Waits, LP Kendall, KC Wasser, SK Higbee, JA Bogden, R AF Murphy, MA Waits, LP Kendall, KC Wasser, SK Higbee, JA Bogden, R TI An evaluation of long-term preservation methods for brown bear (Ursus arctos) faecal DNA samples SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE DNA extraction; DNA preservation; faecal DNA; noninvasive genetic sampling; PCR; Ursus arctos ID FECAL DNA AB Relatively few large-scale faecal DNA studies have been initiated due to difficulties in amplifying low quality and quantity DNA template. To improve brown bear faecal DNA PCR amplification success rates and to determine post collection sample longevity, five preservation methods were evaluated: 90% ethanol, DETs buffer, silica-dried, oven-dried stored at room temperature, and oven-dried stored at -20degreesC. Preservation effectiveness was evaluated for 50 faecal samples by PCR amplification of a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) locus (similar to146 bp) and a nuclear DNA (nDNA) locus (similar to 200 bp) at time points of one week, one month, three months and six months. Preservation method and storage time significantly impacted mtDNA and nDNA amplification success rates. For mtDNA, all preservation methods had greater than or equal to 75% success at one week, but storage time had a significant impact on the effectiveness of the silica preservation method. Ethanol preserved samples had the highest success rates for both mtDNA (86.5%) and nDNA (84%). Nuclear DNA amplification success rates ranged from 26-88%, and storage time had a significant impact on all methods but ethanol. Preservation method and storage time should be important considerations for researchers planning projects utilizing faecal DNA. We recommend preservation of faecal samples in 90% ethanol when feasible, although when collecting in remote field conditions or for both DNA and hormone assays a dry collection method may be advantageous. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Zool, Ctr Conservat Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Amplicon Express, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RP Waits, LP (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RI Murphy, Melanie/D-2605-2009 NR 11 TC 75 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 18 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2002 VL 3 IS 4 BP 435 EP 440 DI 10.1023/A:1020503330767 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 602XL UT WOS:000178529700009 ER PT J AU Davis, RW Ortega-Ortiz, JG Ribic, CA Evans, WE Biggs, DC Ressler, PH Cady, RB Leben, RR Mullin, KD Wursig, B AF Davis, RW Ortega-Ortiz, JG Ribic, CA Evans, WE Biggs, DC Ressler, PH Cady, RB Leben, RR Mullin, KD Wursig, B TI Cetacean habitat in the northern oceanic Gulf of Mexico SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE USA; Gulf of Mexico; aquatic mammals; cetaceans; aquatic environment; habitat ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; SPERM WHALE DISTRIBUTIONS; DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER; WARM-CORE RING; OF-MEXICO; ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES; ZOOPLANKTON ABUNDANCE; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; WESTERN GULF; GEORGES BANK AB Cetaceans (whales and dolphins) are diverse and abundant upper trophic level predators in the Gulf of Mexico, a semi-enclosed, intercontinental sea with a total area of about 1.5 million km(2). The objectives of this study were to better define the habitat of cetaceans in the northern oceanic Gulf of Mexico. An integrated methodology was used that included visual surveys and hydrographic collections from ships. Near real-time sea surface altimetry from the TOPEX/POSEIDON and ERS satellites was used during ship surveys to determine the location of hydrographic features (e.g., cyclones, anticyclones and confluence zones). Archival satellite sea surface altimetry data were also used to retrospectively determine the location of hydrographic features for analysis with earlier cetacean sightings. We estimated zooplankton and micronekton biomass using both net and acoustic sampling to indicate the amount of potential food available for higher trophic level foraging by cetaceans. Nineteen cetacean species were identified during ship surveys. Cetaceans were concentrated along the continental slope in or near cyclones and the confluence of cyclone-anticyclone eddy pairs, mesoscale features with locally concentrated zooplankton and micronekton stocks that appear to develop in response to increased nutrient-rich water and primary production in the mixed layer. A significant relationship existed between integrated zooplankton biomass and integrated cephalopod paralarvae numbers, indicating that higher zooplankton and micronekton biomass may correlate with higher concentrations of cetacean prey. In the north-central Gulf, an additional factor affecting cetacean distribution may be the narrow continental shelf south of the Mississippi River delta. Low salinity, nutrient-rich water may occur over the continental slope near the mouth of the Mississippi (MOM) River or be entrained within the confluence of a cyclone-anticyclone eddy pair and transported beyond the continental slope. This creates a deep-water environment with locally enhanced primary and secondary productivity and may explain the presence of a resident, breeding population of sperm whales within 100 km of the Mississippi River delta. Overall, the results suggest that the amount of potential prey for cetaceans may be consistently greater in the cyclone, confluence areas, and south of the MOM, making them preferential areas for foraging. However, this may not be true for bottlenose dolphins, Atlantic spotted dolphins and possibly Bryde's whales, which typically occur on the continental shelf or along the shelf break outside of major influences of eddies. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, USGS BRD Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Russell Labs 226, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. RP Davis, RW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, 5007 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RI Leben, Robert/F-3792-2010 OI Leben, Robert/0000-0003-1067-9515 NR 62 TC 80 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1 BP 121 EP 142 DI 10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00035-8 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 506CY UT WOS:000172953400008 ER PT J AU Poag, CW Plescia, JB Molzer, PC AF Poag, CW Plescia, JB Molzer, PC TI Ancient impact structures on modern continental shelves: The Chesapeake Bay, Montagnais, and Toms Canyon craters, Atlantic margin of North America SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LATE EOCENE; BARENTS SEA; EAST-COAST; KILL CURVE; OCEAN; EVENT; AGE; MICROTEKTITES; EXTINCTIONS; CHICXULUB AB Three ancient impact craters (Chesapeake Bay-35.7 Ma; Toms Canyon-35.7 Ma; Montagnais-51 Ma) and one multiring impact basin (Chicxulub-65 Ma) are currently known to be buried beneath modem continental shelves. All occur on the passive Atlantic margin of North America in regions extensively explored by seismic reflection surveys in the search for oil and gas reserves. We limit our discussion herein to the three youngest structures. These craters were created by submarine impacts, which produced many structural and morphological features similar in construction, composition, and variability to those documented in well-preserved subaerial and planetary impact craters. The subcircular Chesapeake Bay (diameter 85 km) and ovate Montagnais (diameter 45-50 km) structures display outer-rim scarps, annular troughs, peak rings, inner basins, and central peaks similar to those incorporated in the widely cited conceptual model of complex impact craters. These craters differ in several respects from the model, however. For example, the Montagnais crater lacks a raised lip on the outer rim, the Chesapeake Bay crater displays only small remnants of a raised lip, and both craters contain an unusually thick body of impact breccia. The subtriangular Toms Canyon crater (diameter 20-22 km), on the other hand, contains none of the internal features of a complex crater, nor is it typical of a simple crater. It displays a prominent raised lip on the outer rim, but the lip is present only on the western side of the crater. In addition, each of these craters contains some distinct features, which are not present in one or both of the others. For example, the central peak at Montagnais rises well above the elevation of the outer rim, whereas at Chesapeake Bay, the outer rim is higher than the central peak. The floor of the Toms Canyon crater is marked by parallel deep troughs and linear ridges formed of sedimentary rocks, whereas at Chesapeake Bay, the crater floor contains concentric faults and compression ridges formed in rocks of the crystalline basement. The Chesapeake Bay crater is distinguished further by its cluster of at least 23 adjacent secondary craters. The North American tektite strewn field, a widespread deposit of distal ejecta, is thought to be derived from the Chesapeake Bay impact, perhaps with a small contribution from the Toms Canyon impact. No ejecta field is known to be associated with the Montagnais impact. No immediate major extinction event is directly linked to any of these three impacts. There is evidence, however, that the Chesapeake Bay and Toms Canyon impacts helped initiate a long-term pulse of warm global climate, whose eventual dissipation coincided with an early Oligocene mass extinction event, 2 Ma after the impacts. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Poag, CW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Quissett Campus,384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM wpoag@usgs.gov RI Plescia, Jeffrey/B-7738-2016 NR 60 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1081 EP 1102 AR PII S0967-0645(01)00144-8 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00144-8 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 541BH UT WOS:000174965000011 ER PT B AU Wanty, RB Berger, BR Plumlee, GS King, TVV AF Wanty, RB Berger, BR Plumlee, GS King, TVV BE Fabbri, AG Gaal, G McCammon, RB TI Geoenvironmental models - An introduction SO DEPOSIT AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL MODELS FOR RESOURCE EXPLOITATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 2: ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Deposit and Geoenvironmental Models for Resource Exploitation and Environmental Security CY SEP 06-19, 1998 CL MATRAHAZA, HUNGARY SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div, Int Inst Aerosp Survey & Earth Sci, US Geol Survey, Geol Survey Finland, Hungarian Geol Survey, Geol Inst Hungary ID COLORADO; SUMMITVILLE; SYSTEM; DISSOLUTION; CATCHMENTS; ECOREGIONS; GEOLOGY; METALS; WATER; LEAD AB Mineral deposits have been classified by their geologic and mineralogic characteristics for decades, but the recognition that mineral deposits could be classified by their environmental characteristics is relatively new. In the past 5 years, advancements have been made by building on the earlier work of economic geologists who classified geologic characteristics. Several approaches have been taken that range from wholesale assessments of large areas (millions of square kilometres) to detailed assessments of individual watersheds or individual mines. Current efforts in the development of geoenvironmental models include the assemblage of diverse databases and encompassing geologic, geochemical, geophysical, hydrologic, and other data. Although the geologic information layers are most important in classifying the environmental signatures of mineral deposits, other data, which include the delineation of ecological regions, or ecoregions, provide a framework within which geoenvironmental models can best be developed. For instance, although the economic classification of ore deposits is best accomplished by grouping geologic, mineralogic, and depositional characteristics, the environmental classification of ore deposits may be best accomplished by grouping according to geochemistry, mineralogy, and hydrology within the ecoregion framework. Thus, economically different deposits in one ecoregion might have greater environmental similarities than similar deposits in different ecoregions. This is because the weathering behaviour of mineral deposits is controlled by climatic, as well as geologic, properties. This presentation provides an overview of the development of mineral deposit environmental models and discussions of the most important data types to be included in the models. This paper presents the current state of the art of geoenvironmental models, suggests a new framework for the models, and sets the stage for the topical presentations that follow in this volume. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP US Geol Survey, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rwanty@usgs.gov; bberger@usgs.gov NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0989-5 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 2 ENV PY 2002 VL 80 BP 3 EP 42 PG 40 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW60P UT WOS:000182552500001 ER PT B AU Lee, G Knepper, D McCafferty, A Miller, S Sole, T Swayze, G Watson, K AF Lee, G Knepper, D McCafferty, A Miller, S Sole, T Swayze, G Watson, K BE Fabbri, AG Gaal, G McCammon, RB TI Applications of remotely sensed data in geoenvironmental assessments SO DEPOSIT AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL MODELS FOR RESOURCE EXPLOITATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 2: ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Deposit and Geoenvironmental Models for Resource Exploitation and Environmental Security CY SEP 06-19, 1998 CL MATRAHAZA, HUNGARY SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div, Int Inst Aerosp Survey & Earth Sci, US Geol Survey, Geol Survey Finland, Hungarian Geol Survey, Geol Inst Hungary AB Remote sensing data and present-day analytical methods provide excellent tools for aiding in mineral resource and geoenvironmental,assessments. Modem digital imaging systems, both airborne and satellite-borne, are providing a new array of coarse to fine spatial resolution and broad to narrow spectral resolution image data that are suitable for integration into geographic information systems (GIS). GIS evaluation of these data, along with information from many other sources, must be considered when conducting these assessment studies. The scope of remote sensing applications is changing from an emphasis of interpreting photographic images to data analysis and integration with other digital geospatial information. This integration substantially leverages the value of remotely sensed data, especially in the context of rapid growth and development of the quality and availability of digital information in general, and of satellite and airborne image information in particular. Various types of remotely sensed data have been used in mineral and environmental. studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The scales of these applications have ranged from broad regional characterizations to local, site specific studies. Multispectral satellite data and airborne magnetic andradiometric data were compiled for the State of Montana, north-central USA. These layers of information were integrated to assist in identifying areas at possible risk of surface-water contamination by metals derived from past and present mining activity, from natural sources, or both. Imaging spectroscopy (hyperspectral) data have been used by the USGS to effectively map the locations of acid-producing minerals at mine sites in the Leadville mining district of the Colorado Mineral Belt, west-central USA. Thermal infrared image data have been used to identify source rocks of alluvial materials associated with environmental problems in national parks, and to produce maps of primary rock composition and alteration information. Together, these applications of remotely sensed information have been used to (1) identify areas of potential environmental concern at regional and local scales, (2) assist in prioritizing drainage basins for mitigation efforts, (3) prioritize mine waste piles within selected drainage basins for remediation, and (4) guide remedial work by mapping geologically favorable and unfavorable repository sites. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM glee@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0989-5 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 2 ENV PY 2002 VL 80 BP 45 EP 64 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW60P UT WOS:000182552500002 ER PT B AU Lee, GK AF Lee, GK BE Fabbri, AG Gaal, G McCammon, RB TI Multiple data layer modeling and analysis in assessments SO DEPOSIT AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL MODELS FOR RESOURCE EXPLOITATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 2: ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Deposit and Geoenvironmental Models for Resource Exploitation and Environmental Security CY SEP 06-19, 1998 CL MATRAHAZA, HUNGARY SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div, Int Inst Aerosp Survey & Earth Sci, US Geol Survey, Geol Survey Finland, Hungarian Geol Survey, Geol Inst Hungary AB Geoscientific information is essential for assessing not only mineral resource favorability, but also geoenvironmental hazard potential. The health of any ecosystem is directly related to its underlying geology. Within every watershed, concentrations of metals and other elements in ground and surface waters, sediments, soils, plants, many animals, and humans are intimately connected to the geologic "landscape" of the area. Comprehensive, unbiased geoscientific information is therefore fundamentally and critically important in effectively assessing current, as well as past and future impacts on the environment caused by natural and/or anthropogenic changes. A multidisciplinary team of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists was assembled to study the geoenvironmental assessment process and to develop applications for the State of Montana, north-central USA. Areas of expertise represented in the team include geology, geochemistry, remote sensing, and geophysics. A variety of "layers" of digital information related to these various disciplines was compiled for the project. Several questions typically arise in assessment projects that involve numerous information components: (1) what categories of which data are relevant to the study objectives; (2) what relative importance (weights) should appropriately be ascribed to the data layers; and (3) how should the layers be combined to effectively achieve the objectives of the study. The Montana project has relied heavily on geographic information systems (GIS) applications to attempt to address these questions in pursuit of the objective of mapping geoenvironmental potential for acidic, metal-rich drainage. However, methodologies utilized in this project could effectively be applied to other geoenvironmental questions or for assessing potential for mineral resources. Mining districts within the State were characterized according to their acid generating and acid buffering potentials. These properties were assigned according to considerations of abundance of sulfides and of calcium carbonate in the mining areas. Those areas that were characterized as high in acid generating potential and low to moderate in acid buffering capacity were chosen as prototypical of areas to be identified in the geoenvironmental assessment. Various classes of each information layre were considered as "candidates" for inclusion in the overall assessment model and were tested for significance of spatial association with the reference, or prototype, areas. This was accomplished using the GIS to calculate the "probability ratio" of each class, representing the relative likelihood of finding the class within the reference areas versus elsewhere in the study area. These computations not only guided determination of which data layers were relevant to the assessment, but also what weights should appropriately be assigned to them. The resulting weighted "submodels" were combined, using various methods, to produce composite models and derivative maps showing relative potential for acidic, metal-rich drainage. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Mail Stop 973, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM glee@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0989-5 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 2 ENV PY 2002 VL 80 BP 81 EP 100 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW60P UT WOS:000182552500004 ER PT B AU Berger, BR Drew, LJ AF Berger, BR Drew, LJ BE Fabbri, AG Gaal, G McCammon, RB TI Mineral-deposit models - New developments SO DEPOSIT AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL MODELS FOR RESOURCE EXPLOITATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 2: ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Deposit and Geoenvironmental Models for Resource Exploitation and Environmental Security CY SEP 06-19, 1998 CL MATRAHAZA, HUNGARY SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div, Int Inst Aerosp Survey & Earth Sci, US Geol Survey, Geol Survey Finland, Hungarian Geol Survey, Geol Inst Hungary ID EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; MECHANICS; LANDERS; SYSTEMS; SLIP AB Mineral-deposit models are the basis for consistent resource-assessment, exploration, and environmental risk analysis methodologies. To reduce uncertainties in these methodologies, improved predictability of deposit occurrence is essential. Advances in understanding about structure and tectonics and the geology of earthquakes, together with improved insights as to how fluid flow is coupled with active deformation, heat transport, and solute transport, provide the framework for integrating mechanical phenomena into deposit models. With this framework, it is possible, for a given deposit type, to predict where in structural systems hydrothermal systems may occur, the chances that significant concentrations of ore may be expected, and where in larger vein arrays ore bodies may be localized. Discussions of porphyry copper and related polymetallic veins illustrate the value of this new generation of deposit models. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM bberger@usgs.gov; ldrew@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0989-5 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 2 ENV PY 2002 VL 80 BP 121 EP 134 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW60P UT WOS:000182552500006 ER PT B AU Langer, WH Lindsey, DA Knepper, DH AF Langer, WH Lindsey, DA Knepper, DH BE Fabbri, AG Gaal, G McCammon, RB TI Geologic information for aggregate resource planning SO DEPOSIT AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL MODELS FOR RESOURCE EXPLOITATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 2: ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Deposit and Geoenvironmental Models for Resource Exploitation and Environmental Security CY SEP 06-19, 1998 CL MATRAHAZA, HUNGARY SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div, Int Inst Aerosp Survey & Earth Sci, US Geol Survey, Geol Survey Finland, Hungarian Geol Survey, Geol Inst Hungary AB Construction and maintenance of the infrastructure is dependent on such raw materials as aggregate (crushed stone, sand, and gravel). Despite this dependence, urban expansion often works to the detriment of the production of those essential raw materials. The failure to plan for the protection and extraction of aggregate resources often results in increased consumer cost, environmental damage, and an adversarial relation between the aggregate industry and the community. As an area grows, the demand for aggregate resources increases, and industries that produce these materials are established. Aggregate is a low-cost commodity, and to keep hauling costs at a minimum, the operations are located as close to the market as possible. As metropolitan areas grow, they encroach upon established aggregate operations. New residents in the vicinity of pits and quarries object to the noise, dust, and truck traffic associated with the aggregate operation. Pressure is applied to the local government to limit operation hours and truck traffic. In addition to encroaching on established aggregate operations, urban growth commonly covers unmined aggregate resources. Frequently urban growth occurs without any consideration of the resource or an analysis of the impact of its loss. The old idea that aggregate resources can be found anywhere is false. New aggregate operations may have to be located long distances from the markets. The additional expense of the longer transport of resources must be passed on to consumers in the community. In many instances, the new deposit is of inferior quality compared with the original source, yet it is used to avoid the expense of importing high-quality material from a more-distant source. Some governmental, including city, provincial or state, and national, agencies, have enacted regulations to help maintain access to prime aggregate resources. Although regulations have met with variable success, some policy or regulation to protect aggregate resources is worth consideration. A basic requirement of any aggregate resource policy or regulation is the knowledge of the geographic distribution, volumes, and quality of aggregate resources. This knowledge commonly is obtained through geologic mapping and characterization of aggregate resources. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Decision Support Systems (DSS) provide excellent tools to help present and evaluate the information in a manner that is understandable by public decisionmakers. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP US Geol Survey, MS 973,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM blanger@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0989-5 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 2 ENV PY 2002 VL 80 BP 135 EP 149 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW60P UT WOS:000182552500007 ER PT B AU Langer, WH Arbogast, BF AF Langer, WH Arbogast, BF BE Fabbri, AG Gaal, G McCammon, RB TI Environmental impacts of mining natural aggregate SO DEPOSIT AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL MODELS FOR RESOURCE EXPLOITATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 2: ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Deposit and Geoenvironmental Models for Resource Exploitation and Environmental Security CY SEP 06-19, 1998 CL MATRAHAZA, HUNGARY SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div, Int Inst Aerosp Survey & Earth Sci, US Geol Survey, Geol Survey Finland, Hungarian Geol Survey, Geol Inst Hungary ID GRAVEL AB Nearly every community in nearly every industrialized or industrializing country is dependent on aggregate resources (sand, gravel, and stone) to build and maintain their infrastructure. Indeed, even agrarian communities depend on well-maintained transportation systems to move produce to markets. Unfortunately, aggregate resources necessary to meet societal needs cannot be developed without causing environmental impacts. Most environmental impacts associated With aggregate mining are benign. Extracting aggregate seldom produces acidic mine drainage or other toxic affects commonly associated with mining of metallic or energy resources. Other environmental health hazards are rare. Most of the impacts that are likely to occur are short-lived, easy to predict and easy to observe. By employing responsible operational practices and using available technology, most impacts can be controlled, mitigated or kept at tolerable levels and can be restricted to the immediate vicinity of the aggregate operation. The most obvious environmental impact of aggregate mining is the conversion of land use, most likely from undeveloped or agricultural land use, to a (temporary) hole in the ground. This major impact is accompanied by loss of habitat, noise, dust, blasting effects, erosion, sedimentation, and changes to the visual scene. Mining aggregate can lead to serious environmental impacts. Societal pressures can exacerbate the environmental impacts of aggregate development. In areas of high population density, resource availability, combined with conflicting land use, severely limits areas where aggregate can be developed, which can force large numbers of aggregate operations to be concentrated into small areas. Doing so can compound impacts, thus transforming what might be an innocuous nuisance under other circumstances into severe consequences. In other areas, the rush to build or update infrastructure may encourage relaxed environmental or operational controls. Under looser controls, aggregate operators may fail to follow responsible operational practices, which can result in severe environmental consequences. The geologic characteristics of aggregate deposits (geomorphology, geometry, physical and chemical quality) play a major role in the intensity of environmental impacts generated as a result of mining. Mining deposits that are too thin or contain too much unsuitable material results in the generation of excessively large mined areas and large amounts of waste material. In addition, some geologic environments, such as active stream talus slopes, and landslide-prone areas, are dynamic and respond rapidly to outside stimuli, which include aggregate mining. Some geomorphic areas and (or) ecosystems serve as habitat for rare or endangered species. Similarly, some geomorphic features are themselves rare examples of geologic phenomena. Mining aggregrate might be acceptable in some of these areas but should be conducted only after careful consideration and then only with extreme prudence. Failure to do so can lead to serious, long-lasting environmental consequences, either in the vicinity of the site or even at locations distant from the site. Mining generates a disturbed landscape. The after-mining use of the land is an important aspect of reducing environmental impacts of aggregate extraction. The development of mining provides an economic base and use of a natural resource to improve the quality of human life. Wisely restoring our environment requires a design plan and product that responds to a site's physiography, ecology, function, artistic form, and public perception. Forward-looking mining operators who employ modern technolgoy and work within the natural restrictions can create a second use of mined-out aggregate operations that often equals or exceeds the pre-mined land use. Poor aggregate mining practices, however, commonly are accompanied by poor reclamation practices, which can worsen already existing environmental damage. With environmental concerns, operating mines and reclaimed mine sites can no longer be considered isolated from their surroundings. Site analysis of mine works needs to go beyond site-specific information and relate to the regional context of the greater environment. Understanding design approach can turn features perceived by the public as being undesirable (mines and pits) into something perceived as being desirable. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP US Geol Survey, MS 973,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM blanger@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0989-5 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 2 ENV PY 2002 VL 80 BP 151 EP 169 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW60P UT WOS:000182552500008 ER PT B AU Drew, LJ Berger, BR AF Drew, LJ Berger, BR BE Fabbri, AG Gaal, G McCammon, RB TI Application of the porphyry copper/polymetallic vein kin deposit system to mineral-resource assessment in the Matra Mountains, Northern Hungary SO DEPOSIT AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL MODELS FOR RESOURCE EXPLOITATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 2: ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Deposit and Geoenvironmental Models for Resource Exploitation and Environmental Security CY SEP 06-19, 1998 CL MATRAHAZA, HUNGARY SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div, Int Inst Aerosp Survey & Earth Sci, US Geol Survey, Geol Survey Finland, Hungarian Geol Survey, Geol Inst Hungary ID CARPATHIAN-PANNONIAN REGION; EXTENSION AB The application of the tectonic model for the porphyry copper/polymetallic vein kin-deposit system, proposed by the authors and used to assess the undiscovered metallic mineral resources of northern Hungary, is illustrated here for the Matra Mountains, northern Hungary. This model is based on the evolution of strain features (duplexes and flower structures) developed in the strike-slip fault systems in continental crust above a subducting plate and the localization of mineral deposits within them. The application of this model relied on the integration of data from the literature, satellite images, and geologic maps. During the time of the mineralization (15-16 Ma), the regional-scale tectonic framework was dominated by a right-lateral, pull-apart structure cored by the Matra Mountains volcanic complex. While synthesizing these data, it was found that the tectonic elements identified on the satellite images could be closely associated with the location of the vein mineralization discovered in the Matra Mountains. Displays are presented that illustrate how the individual tectonic and geologic elements (faults, volcanic rocks, and sedimentary basins), as well as the relation of the mineralized structures to the complex array of extensional and shear faults that are created inside of a strike-slip fault duplex, are associated. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ldrew@usgs.gov; bberger@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0989-5 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 2 ENV PY 2002 VL 80 BP 171 EP 186 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW60P UT WOS:000182552500009 ER PT B AU Drew, LJ AF Drew, LJ BE Fabbri, AG Gaal, G McCammon, RB TI Irresistible Holes in the ground - Text of Afterdinner speech given at Matrahaza, Hungary, on September 10, 1998 SO DEPOSIT AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL MODELS FOR RESOURCE EXPLOITATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 2: ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Deposit and Geoenvironmental Models for Resource Exploitation and Environmental Security CY SEP 06-19, 1998 CL MATRAHAZA, HUNGARY SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div, Int Inst Aerosp Survey & Earth Sci, US Geol Survey, Geol Survey Finland, Hungarian Geol Survey, Geol Inst Hungary C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Mail Stop 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ldrew@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0989-5 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 2 ENV PY 2002 VL 80 BP 401 EP 404 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW60P UT WOS:000182552500020 ER PT B AU Berger, BR Botequilha, A AF Berger, BR Botequilha, A BE Fabbri, AG Gaal, G McCammon, RB TI Report of Working Group III - Natural Resource Assessments and Resource Management SO DEPOSIT AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL MODELS FOR RESOURCE EXPLOITATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 2: ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Deposit and Geoenvironmental Models for Resource Exploitation and Environmental Security CY SEP 06-19, 1998 CL MATRAHAZA, HUNGARY SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div, Int Inst Aerosp Survey & Earth Sci, US Geol Survey, Geol Survey Finland, Hungarian Geol Survey, Geol Inst Hungary AB This report summarizes the discussions of the Working Group on Natural Resource Assessments and Resource Management that were held as part of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Deposit and Geoenvironmental Models for Resource Exploitation and Environmental Security." The Working Group was made up of experts who represented 12 countries and had expertise in such fields as the geosciences and natural resources. The discussions focused on the scope of natural-resource assessments, the formats for presenting assessments, and the relation with geoenvironmental assessments. The Working Group stressed the importance of effective communication to the users of assessments and the responsibilities of the scientists who make assessments. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM bberger@usgs.gov; andre.b.leitao@alfa.ist.utl.pt NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0989-5 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 2 ENV PY 2002 VL 80 BP 507 EP 509 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW60P UT WOS:000182552500029 ER PT B AU Langer, WH Solar, S AF Langer, WH Solar, S BE Fabbri, AG Gaal, G McCammon, RB TI Report of Working Group V - Natural Aggregate Resources - Environmental Issues and Resource Management SO DEPOSIT AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL MODELS FOR RESOURCE EXPLOITATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 2: ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Deposit and Geoenvironmental Models for Resource Exploitation and Environmental Security CY SEP 06-19, 1998 CL MATRAHAZA, HUNGARY SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div, Int Inst Aerosp Survey & Earth Sci, US Geol Survey, Geol Survey Finland, Hungarian Geol Survey, Geol Inst Hungary AB This report summarizes the discussions of the Working Group on Natural Aggregate Resources (The A Group) that were held as part of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Deposit and Geoenvironmental Models for Resource Exploitation and Environmental Security." The working group formed spontaneously at the NATO ASI conference because many of the researchers there recognized that there are numerous international issues that relate to the identification, characterization, and development of aggregate resources; the reclamation of mined-out lands; and the environmental issues surrounding these resources. The working group was made up of 26 experts that represented 18 countries. Many of the representatives were experts in other fields and were not experts in the field of natural aggregate. However, all recognized that natural aggregate is an important resource for developing and developed countries, and shared the concern that those resources be developed in an environmentally and socially sensitive manner. The goal of the working group was to share ideas, experiences, knowledge and solutions of issues that can be used to help create a more efficient, environmentally friendly method of developing the world's most intensively produced mineral resource. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM blanger@usgs.gov; svsolar@i-ggg.si NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0989-5 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 2 ENV PY 2002 VL 80 BP 525 EP 532 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW60P UT WOS:000182552500031 ER PT S AU Elzer, PH Smith, J Roffe, T Kreeger, T Edwards, J Davis, D AF Elzer, PH Smith, J Roffe, T Kreeger, T Edwards, J Davis, D BE Gibbs, EPJ Bokma, BH TI Evaluation of Brucella abortus strain RB51 and strain 19 in pronghorn antelope SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL/WILDLIFE INTERFACE: ISSUE FOR DISEASE CONTROL, CONSERVATION, SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION, AND EMERGING DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wildlife and Livestock, Disease and Sustainability CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL PILANESBERG NATL PK, SOUTH AFRICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Wildlife Dis Assoc, Bayer, Merial Anim Hlth, Novartis, Pfizer, USDA, Wellcom Trust DE Brucella abortus; vaccination; pronghorn antelope ID ROUGH MUTANT AB Free-roaming elk and bison in the Greater Yellowstone Area remain the only wildlife reservoirs for Brucella abortus in the United States, and the large number of animals and a lack of holding facilities make it unreasonable to individually vaccinate each animal. Therefore, oral delivery is being proposed as a possible option to vaccinate these wild ungulates. One of the main problems associated with oral vaccination is the potential exposure of nontarget species to the vaccines. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two Brucella vaccines, strain 19 (S19) and the rough strain RB51 (SRB51), in pregnant pronghorn antelope. We conclude that S19 and SRB51 rarely colonize maternal and fetal tissues of pregnant pronghorn and were not associated with fetal death. Oral delivery of either vaccine at this dose appears to be nonhazardous to pregnant pronghorn. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USGS, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. Wyoming Game & Fish, Laramie, WY 82201 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Sch Vet Med, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Elzer, PH (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, AgCtr, 111 Dalrymple Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-438-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2002 VL 969 BP 102 EP 105 PG 4 WC Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BV61H UT WOS:000179507800018 PM 12381572 ER PT S AU Green, DE Converse, KA Schrader, AK AF Green, DE Converse, KA Schrader, AK BE Gibbs, EPJ Bokma, BH TI Epizootiology of sixty-four amphibian morbidity and mortality events in the USA, 1996-2001 SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL/WILDLIFE INTERFACE: ISSUE FOR DISEASE CONTROL, CONSERVATION, SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION, AND EMERGING DISEASES SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wildlife and Livestock, Disease and Sustainability CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL PILANESBERG NATL PK, SOUTH AFRICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Wildlife Dis Assoc, Bayer, Merial Anim Hlth, Novartis, Pfizer, USDA, Wellcome Trust DE amphibians; ranavirus; "red leg" disease; iridovirus infections; frogs; toads ID POPULATION DECLINES; MASS MORTALITY; CALIFORNIA; PATHOLOGY AB A total of 44 amphibian mortality events and 20 morbidity events were reviewed retrospectively. The most common cause of amphibian mortality events was infection by ranaviruses (Family: Iridoviridae). Ranavirus epizootics have abrupt onset and affect late-stage larvae and recent metamorphs. Mortality events due to ranavirus infections affected only widespread and abundant amphibian species, and there was a clear association with high population densities. Chytrid fungal infections accounted for seven mortality events in postmetamorphic anurans only. Chytrid epizootics are insidious and easily overlooked in the field. While both ranavirus and chytrid fungal epizootics were associated with >90% mortality rates at affected sites, only the chytrid fungal infections were linked to multiple amphibian population declines. Three primitive fungal organisms in the newly erected clade, Mesomycetozoa, caused morbidities and mortalities in anurans and salamanders. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Green, DE (reprint author), DVM, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM david_green@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 197 Z9 224 U1 5 U2 45 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-439-0; 1-57331-438-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2002 VL 969 BP 323 EP 339 PG 17 WC Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BV61H UT WOS:000179507800059 PM 12381613 ER PT J AU Boice, DC Soderblom, LA Britt, DT Brown, RH Sandel, BR Yelle, RV Buratti, BJ Hicks, MD Nelson, RM Rayman, MD Oberst, J Thomas, N AF Boice, DC Soderblom, LA Britt, DT Brown, RH Sandel, BR Yelle, RV Buratti, BJ Hicks, MD Nelson, RM Rayman, MD Oberst, J Thomas, N TI The Deep Space 1 encounter with comet 19P/Borrelly SO EARTH MOON AND PLANETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium No 186 on Cometary Science after Hale-Bopp CY JAN 21-25, 2002 CL CANARY ISL, SPAIN SP Int Astronom Union DE coma; comets; Deep Space 1; nucleus; spacecraft exploration ID NUCLEUS; HALLEY; PHOTOMETRY; MISSION; DUST; 253-MATHILDE; MOLECULES AB NASA's Deep Space 1 (DS1) spacecraft successfully encountered comet 19P/Borrelly near perihelion and the Miniature Integrated Camera and Spectrometer (MICAS) imaging system onboard DS1 returned the first high-resolution images of a Jupiter-family comet nucleus and surrounding environment. The images span solar phase angles from 88degrees to 52degrees, providing stereoscopic coverage of the dust coma and nucleus. Numerous surface features are revealed on the 8-km long nucleus in the highest resolution images (47-58 m/pixel). A smooth, broad basin containing brighter regions and mesa-like structures is present in the central part of the nucleus that seems to be the source of jet-like dust features seen in the coma. High ridges seen along the jagged terminator lead to rugged terrain on both ends of the nucleus containing dark patches and smaller series of parallel grooves. No evidence of impact craters with diameters larger than about 200-m are present, indicating a young and active surface. The nucleus is very dark with albedo variations from 0.007 to 0.035. Short-wavelength, infrared spectra from 1.3 to 2.6 mum revealed a hot, dry surface consistent with less than about 10% actively sublimating. Two types of dust features are seen: broad fans and highly collimated "jets" in the sunward hemisphere that can be traced to the surface. The source region of the main jet feature, which resolved into at least three smaller "jets" near the surface, is consistent with an area around the rotation pole that is constantly illuminated by the sun during the encounter. Within a few nuclear radii, entrained dust is rapidly accelerated and fragmented and geometrical effects caused from extended source regions are present, as evidenced in radial intensity profiles centered on the jet features that show an increase in source strength with increasing cometocentric distance. Asymmetries in the dust from dayside to nightside are pronounced and may show evidence of lateral flow transporting dust to structures observed in the nightside coma. A summary of the initial results of the Deep Space 1 Mission is provided, highlighting the new knowledge that has been gained thus far. C1 SW Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Geol Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. DLR, Inst Space Sensor Technol & Planetary Explorat, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Boice, DC (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, PO Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9295 J9 EARTH MOON PLANETS JI Earth Moon Planets PY 2002 VL 89 IS 1-4 BP 301 EP 324 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 622RG UT WOS:000179660300015 ER PT S AU Stone, TC Kieffer, HH Anderson, JM AF Stone, TC Kieffer, HH Anderson, JM BE Barnes, WL TI Status of use of Lunar irradiance for on-orbit calibration SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems VI CY AUG 01-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr DE Moon; calibration; irradiance; spacecraft ID STANDARD; STARS; MOON AB Routine observations of the Moon have been acquired by the Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) for over four years. The ROLO instruments measure lunar radiance in 23 VNIR (Moon diameter similar to500 pixels) and 9 SWIR (similar to250 pixels) passbands every month when the Moon is at phase angle less than 90 degrees. These are converted to exoatmospheric values at standard distances using an atmospheric extinction model based on observations of standard stars and a NIST-traceable absolute calibration source. Reduction of the stellar images also provides an independent pathway for absolute calibration. Comparison of stellar-based and lamp-based absolute calibrations of the lunar images currently shows unacceptably large differences. An analytic model of lunar irradiance as a function of phase angle and viewing geometry is derived from the calibrated lunar images. Residuals from models which fit-hundreds of observations at each wavelength average less than 2%. Comparison with SeaWiFS observations over three years reveals a small quasi-periodic change in SeaWiFS responsivity that correlates with distance from the Sun for the first two years, then departs from this correlation. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Stone, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4197-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4483 BP 165 EP 175 AR UNSP 4483-19 DI 10.1117/12.453450 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BU15G UT WOS:000175162300017 ER PT S AU Stone, TC Kieffer, HH AF Stone, TC Kieffer, HH BE Barnes, WL TI Absolute irradiance of the moon for on-orbit calibration SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems VII CY JUL 07-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol, Univ Washington, Coll Engn & Architecture DE moon; calibration; irradiance; spacecraft ID LUNAR AB The recognized need for on-orbit calibration of remote sensing imaging instruments drives the ROLO project effort to characterize the Moon for use as an absolute radiance source. For over 5 years the ground-based ROLO telescopes have acquired spatially-resolved lunar images in 23 VNIR (Moon diameter similar to500 pixels) and 9 SWIR (similar to250 pixels) passbands at phase angles within 90 degrees. A numerical model for lunar irradiance has been developed which fits hundreds of ROLO images in each band, corrected for atmospheric extinction and calibrated to absolute radiance, then integrated to irradiance. The band-coupled extinction algorithm uses absorption spectra of several gases and aerosols derived from MODTRAN to fit time-dependent component abundances to nightly observations of standard stars. The absolute radiance scale is based upon independent telescopic measurements of the star Vega. The fitting process yields uncertainties in lunar relative irradiance over small ranges of phase angle and the full range of lunar libration well under 0.5%. A larger source of uncertainty enters in the absolute solar spectral irradiance, especially in the SWIR, where solar models disagree by up to 6%. Results of ROLO model direct comparisons to spacecraft observations demonstrate the ability of the technique to track sensor responsivity drifts to sub-percent precision. Intercomparisons among instruments provide key insights into both calibration issues and the absolute scale for lunar irradiance. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Stone, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4582-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4814 BP 211 EP 221 DI 10.1117/12.451694 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BV51H UT WOS:000179201500023 ER PT S AU Kalvelage, TA AF Kalvelage, TA BE Barnes, WL TI Operating the EOSDIS at the land processes DAAC managing expectations, requirements, and performance across agencies, missions, instruments, systems, and user communities. SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems VII CY JUL 07-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol, Univ Washington, Coll Engn & Architecture DE EOS; EOSDIS; land; EDC DAAC; LP DAAC; management; operations AB NASA developed the Earth Observing System (EOS) during the 1990's. At the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC), located at the USGS EROS Data Center, the EOS Data and Information System (EOSDIS) is required to support heritage missions as well as Landsat 7, Terra, and Aqua. The original system concept of the early 1990's changed as each community had its say - first the managers, then engineers, scientists, developers, operators, and then finally the general public. The systems at the LP DAAC - particularly the largest single system, the EOSDIS Core System (ECS) - are changing as experience accumulates, technology changes, and each user group gains influence. The LP DAAC has adapted as contingencies were planned for, requirements and therefore plans were modified, and expectations changed faster than requirements could hope to be satisfied. Although not responsible for Quality Assurance of the science data, the LP DAAC works to ensure the data are accessible and useable by influencing systems, capabilities, and data formats where possible, and providing tools and user support as necessary. While supporting multiple missions and instruments, the LP DAAC also works with and learns from multiple management and oversight groups as they review mission requirements, system capabilities, and the overall operation of the LP DAAC. Stakeholders, including the Land Science community, are consulted regularly to ensure that the LP DAAC remains cognizant and responsive to the evolving needs of the user community. Today, the systems do not look or function as originally planned, but they do work, and they allow customers to search and order of an impressive amount of diverse data. C1 US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Land Proc Distributed Act Arch Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Kalvelage, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Land Proc Distributed Act Arch Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4582-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4814 BP 380 EP 391 DI 10.1117/12.451678 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BV51H UT WOS:000179201500040 ER PT S AU Jones, B Tolk, B AF Jones, B Tolk, B BE Barnes, WL TI Archiving, processing, and disseminating ASTER products at the USGS EROS data center SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems VII CY JUL 07-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol, Univ Washington, Coll Engn & Architecture DE ASTER; TERRA; EOS; DAAC; archive; distribution; data processing AB The U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center archives, processes, and disseminates Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data products. The ASTER instrument is one of five sensors onboard the Earth Observing System's Terra satellite launched December 18, 1999. ASTER collects broad spectral coverage with high spatial resolution at near infrared, shortwave infrared, and thermal infrared wavelengths with ground resolutions of 15, 30, and 90 meters, respectively. The ASTER data are used in many ways to understand local and regional earth-surface processes. Applications include land-surface climatology, volcanology, hazards monitoring, geology, agronomy, land cover change, and hydrology. The ASTER data are available for purchase from the ASTER Ground Data System in Japan and from the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center in the United States, which receives level 1 A and level I B data from Japan on a routine basis. These products are archived and made available to the public within 48 hours of receipt. The level 1A and level 1B data are used to generate higher level products that include routine and on-demand decorrelation stretch, brightness temperature at the sensor, emissivity, surface reflectance, surface kinetic temperature, surface radiance, polar surface and cloud classification, and digital elevation models. This paper describes the processes and procedures used to archive, process, and disseminate standard and on-demand higher level ASTER products at the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center. C1 USGS, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Jones, B (reprint author), USGS, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4582-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4814 BP 402 EP 413 DI 10.1117/12.451575 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BV51H UT WOS:000179201500042 ER PT J AU Ponce, DA Glen, JMG AF Ponce, DA Glen, JMG TI Relationship of epithermal gold deposits to large-scale fractures in northern Nevada SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID ANOMALIES; GRAVITY; RIFT AB Geophysical maps of northern Nevada reveal at least three and possibly six large-scale arcuate features, one of which corresponds to the northern Nevada rift that possible extends more than 1,000 km from the Oregon-Idaho border to southern Nevada. These features may reflect deep discontinuities within the earth's crust, possibly related to the impact of the Yellowstone hot spot. Because mid-Miocene epithermal gold deposits have been shown to correlate with the northern Nevada rift, we investigate the association of other epithermal gold deposits to other similar arcuate features in northern Nevada. Mid-Miocene and younger epithermal gold-silver deposits also occur along two prominent aeromagnetic anomalies west of the northern Nevada rift. Here, we speculate that mid-Miocene deposits formed along deep fractures in association with mid-Miocene rift-related magmatism and that younger deposits preferentially followed these preexisting features. Statistical analysis of the proximity of epithermal gold deposits to these features suggests that epithermal gold deposits in northern Nevada are spatially associated with large-scale crustal features interpreted from geophysical data. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ponce, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 989,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI LITTLETON PA 5808 SOUTH RAPP ST, STE 209, LITTLETON, CO 80120-1942 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 97 IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.2113/97.1.3 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 549WY UT WOS:000175470900002 ER PT J AU Fleck, RJ Criss, RE Eaton, GF Cleland, RW Wavra, CS Bond, WD AF Fleck, RJ Criss, RE Eaton, GF Cleland, RW Wavra, CS Bond, WD TI Age and origin of base and precious metal veins of the Coeur d'Alene mining district, Idaho SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Review ID U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; NORTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; ORE-FORMING EVENTS; SOUTHEASTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MESOZOIC CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; NORTHERN IDAHO; STRONTIUM ISOTOPES; BELT SUPERGROUP AB Ore-fearing quartz-carbonate veins of the Coeur d'Alene mining district yield Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios of 0.74 to >1.60 for low Rb/Sr, carbonate gangue minerals, similar to current ranges measured in Middle Proterozoic, high Rb/Sr rocks of the Belt Supergroup. Stable isotope and fluid inclusion studies establish a genetic relationship between vein formation and metamorphic-hydrothermal systems of the region. These extraordinary Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios require accumulation of radiogenic Sr-87. in a high Rb/Sr system over an extended period prior to incorporation of Sr into the hydrothermal veins. Evaluation of the age and composition of potential sources of highly radiogenic Sr indicates that the ore-bearing reins of the Coeur d'Alene district formed during the Cretaceous from components scavenged from rocks of the Belt Supergroup, the primary host rocks of the district. Proterozoic Pb isotope, ratios observed in galena from mane Coeur d'Alene veins were established when Pb separated from uranium during deposition or diagenesis of the Belt Supergroup at 1400 to 1500 Ma, possibly as disseminated syngenetic deposits. K-Ar and Rb-Sr apparent ages and delta(18)O values of Belt Supergroup rocks decrease front the Coeur d'Alene district toward the Idaho and Kaniksu batholiths, approximately normal to the trends of metamorphic isograds, fold axes, foliation. rind the major reverse faults of the district. Isoclinal folding, thrust faulting, high-temperature metamorphism, granitie plutonism, and regional-scale metamorphic-hydrothermal activity is documented in the region between 140 and 45 Ma, representing the only such combination of events in the Coeur d'Alene region subsequent to about 1300 Ma. The Sr and oxygen results and geologic evidence favor formation of the ore-hearing carbonate veins by fluids related to a complex metamorphic-hydrothermal system during the Cretaceous, Pb with Proterozoic isotopic compositions seas probably mobilized and incorporated like other metals into tire hydrothermal veins during this event. The ore-bearing veins were sheared and displaced during early Tertian northwest-trending dextral strike-slip faulting along the Osburn fault and related strictures of the Lewis and Clark line. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sunshine Precious Met Co, Kellogg, ID 83837 USA. RP Fleck, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 937,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fleck@usgs.gov NR 129 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 8 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI LITTLETON PA 5808 SOUTH RAPP ST, STE 209, LITTLETON, CO 80120-1942 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 97 IS 1 BP 23 EP 42 DI 10.2113/97.1.23 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 549WY UT WOS:000175470900004 ER PT J AU Zacheis, AB Hupp, JW Ruess, RW AF Zacheis, AB Hupp, JW Ruess, RW TI Response of a subarctic salt marsh plant community to foraging by captive lesser snow geese SO ECOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Carex ramensku; forage quality and availability; foraging intensity; herbivory; Triglochin maritinum ID ABOVEGROUND PRIMARY PRODUCTION; PUCCINELLIA-PHRYGANODES; SHOOT DEMOGRAPHY; GROWTH-RESPONSES; HERBIVORY; DYNAMICS; VEGETATION; NITROGEN; GRASS; LEAF AB Foraging intensity and faecal inputs are important determinants of plant community response to herbivory We used captive adult lesser snow geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens), which feed on both above- and below-ground plant tissues, to manipulate foraging intensity and faecal inputs to plots in a sedge meadow in spring, 1996. We measured plant and soil characteristics throughout the growing season of 1996 and in August 1997 We analysed three contrasts: grazed plots versus ungrazed controls, plots with a short period of feeding (3 goose-hours) versus plots with a long period of feeding (6 goose-hours), and grazed plots with faeces versus grazed plots without faeces. Although grazed plots had an order of magnitude higher foraging intensity than that imposed by wild geese in the marsh. there was no effect of feeding on biomass or nitrogen concentration in the dominant species, Carex ramenskii and Triglochin maritinium, after one and two growing seasons. The amount of forage removed by geese did not differ between plots grazed for long and short periods, indicating that geese were able to remove little additional biomass after 3 hours due to low availability Therefore, the amount of biomass removed by geese was a better indicator of foraging intensity than the time geese fed on plots The presence of faeces had no effect on biomass or nitrogen concentration in Carex ramenskii or Triglochin maritimum, or on rates of net nitrogen mineralization in soils. Thus, faeces did not appear to increase nitrogen availability for plants in this marsh, probably because faecal density was low. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Zacheis, AB (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, 211 Irving, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU UNIVERSITE LAVAL PI ST FOY PA PAVILLON ALEXANDRE-VACHON, UNIV LAVAL, ST FOY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA SN 1195-6860 J9 ECOSCIENCE JI Ecoscience PY 2002 VL 9 IS 3 BP 320 EP 331 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 597FX UT WOS:000178212500006 ER PT B AU Kotliar, NB Hejl, SJ Hutto, RL Saab, VA Melcher, CP McFadzen, ME AF Kotliar, NB Hejl, SJ Hutto, RL Saab, VA Melcher, CP McFadzen, ME BE George, TL Dobkin, DS TI Effects of fire and post-fire salvage logging on avian communities in conifer-dominated forests of the western United States SO EFFECTS OF HABITAT FRAGMENTATION ON BIRDS IN WESTERN LANDSCAPES: CONTRASTS WITH PARADIGMS FROM THE EASTERN UNITED STATES SE STUDIES IN AVIAN BIOLOGY-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Cooper-Ornithological-Society CY 1999 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Cooper Ornithol Soc DE burn severity; cavity-nesters; fire effects; fire suppression; passerine birds; prescribed fire; salvage logging; silviculture; snags; wildland fire; woodpeckers AB Historically, fire was one of the most widespread natural disturbances in the western United States. More recently, however, significant anthropogenic activities, especially fire suppression and silvicultural practices, have altered fire regimes; as a result, landscapes and associated communities have changed as well. Herein, we review current knowledge of how fire and post-fire salvaging practices affect avian communities in conifer-dominated forests of the western United States. Specifically, we contrast avian communities in (1) burned vs. unburned forest, and (2) unsalvaged vs. salvage-logged burns. We also examine how variation in burn characteristics (e.g., severity, age, size) and salvage logging can alter avian communities in burns. Of the 41 avian species observed in three or more studies comparing early post-fire and adjacent unburned forests, 22% are consistently more abundant in burned forests, 34% are usually more abundant in unburned forests, and 44% are equally abundant in burned and unburned forests or have varied responses. In general, woodpeckers and aerial foragers are more abundant in burned forest, whereas most foliage-gleaning species are more abundant in unburned forests. Bird species that are frequently observed in stand-replacement burns are less common in understory burns; similarly, species commonly observed in unburned forests often decrease in abundance with increasing burn severity. Granivores and species common in open-canopy forests exhibit less consistency among studies. For all species, responses to fire may be influenced by a number of factors including burn severity, fire size and shape, proximity to unburned forests, pre- and post-fire cover types, and time since fire. In addition, post-fire management can alter species' responses to burns. Most cavity-nesting species do not use severely salvaged burns, whereas some cavity-nesters persist in partially salvaged burns. Early post-fire specialists, in particular, appear to prefer unsalvaged burns. We discuss several alternatives to severe salvage-logging that will help provide habitat for cavity nesters. We provide an overview of critical research questions and design considerations crucial for evaluating the effects of prescribed fire and other anthropogenic disturbances, such as forest fragmentation. Management of native avifaunas may be most successful if natural disturbance regimes, including fire, are permitted to occur when possible. Natural fires could be augmented with practices, such as prescribed fire (including high-severity fire), that mimic inherent disturbance regimes. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Kotliar, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 0 TC 72 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 20 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-34-4 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL-SER PY 2002 IS 25 BP 49 EP 64 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BV88P UT WOS:000180301800005 ER PT B AU Knick, ST Rotenberry, JT AF Knick, ST Rotenberry, JT BE George, TL Dobkin, DS TI Effects of habitat fragmentation on passerine birds breeding in Intermountain shrubsteppe SO EFFECTS OF HABITAT FRAGMENTATION ON BIRDS IN WESTERN LANDSCAPES: CONTRASTS WITH PARADIGMS FROM THE EASTERN UNITED STATES SE STUDIES IN AVIAN BIOLOGY-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Cooper-Ornithological-Society CY 1999 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Cooper Ornithol Soc DE Amphispiza belli; Eremophilus alpestris; habitat fragmentation; landscape ecology; Oreoscoptes montanus; shrubsteppe; Spizella breweri; Sturnella neglecta AB Habitat fragmentation and loss strongly influence the distribution and abundance of passerine birds breeding in Intermountain shrubsteppe. Wildfires, human activities, and change in vegetation communities often are synergistic in these systems and can result in radical conversion from shrubland to grasslands dominated by exotic annuals at large temporal and spatial scales from which recovery to native conditions is unlikely. As a result, populations of 5 of the 12 species in our review of Intermountain shrubsteppe birds are undergoing significant declines; 5 species are listed as at-risk or as candidates for protection in at least one state. The process by which fragmentation affects bird distributions in these habitats remains unknown because most research has emphasized the detection of population trends and patterns of habitat associations at relatively large spatial scales. Our research indicates that the distribution of shrubland-obligate species, such as Brewer's Sparrows (Spizella breweri), Sage Sparrows (Amphispiza belli), and Sage Thrashers (Oreoscoptes montanus), was highly sensitive to fragmentation of shrublands at spatial scales larger than individual home ranges. In contrast, the underlying mechanisms for both habitat change and bird population dynamics may operate independently of habitat boundaries. We propose alternative, but not necessarily exclusive, mechanisms to explain the relationship between habitat fragmentation and bird distribution and abundance. Fragmentation might influence productivity through differences in breeding density, nesting success, or predation. However, local and landscape variables were not significant determinants either of success, number fledged, or probability of predation or parasitism (although our tests had relatively low statistical power). Alternatively, relative absence of natal philopatry and redistribution by individuals among habitats following fledging or post-migration could account for the pattern of distribution and abundance. Thus, boundary dynamics may be important in determining the distribution of shrubland-obligate species but insignificant relative to the mechanisms causing the pattern of habitat and bird distribution. Because of the dichotomy in responses, Intermountain shrubsteppe systems present a unique challenge in understanding how landscape composition, configuration, and change influence bird population dynamics. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Knick, ST (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-34-4 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL-SER PY 2002 IS 25 BP 130 EP 140 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BV88P UT WOS:000180301800012 ER PT J AU Hui, CA AF Hui, CA TI Concentrations of chromium, manganese, and lead in air and in avian eggs SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE air pollution; eggs; chromium; manganese; lead ID NEW-YORK BIGHT; HEAVY-METALS; SEDIMENT INGESTION; LARUS-ARGENTATUS; SELENIUM LEVELS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; COLUMBA-LIVIA; EXPOSURE; POLLUTION; ACCUMULATION AB The expansion of urbanization introduces air pollution to wildlife areas. Some metal contaminants occurring in concentrations too small to have any measurable impact on adult birds may seriously affect embryos that are more sensitive to contaminants than the adult. Chromium, manganese, and lead are toxic and can be passed from the lien to the egg. This study relates the concentrations of these metals in eggs to their concentrations in air in three cities. Rock dove eggs were sampled and air pollution records were examined in the California cities of Riverside, Los Angeles, and San Francisco. The eggs from San Francisco did not differ from those of Los Angeles in lead concentration but the air did differ. The eggs collected in Los Angeles in 1998 had concentrations of chromium greater than in those from Riverside and from Los Angeles 1999 but the air had concentrations of chromium that did not differ among those three collections. Concentrations of manganese did not differ among the eggs but did differ among the air samples of the three cities. Exposures of embryos to chromium and manganese in this study were not at levels warranting concern. Although the concentration at which lead in eggs impairs avian health is not established, the highest concentrations found in this study exceed estimated safe concentrations. There is no indication that embryo exposure is directly related to atmospheric levels of these metals in the cities of this study. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hui, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn,278 Kerr Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 120 IS 2 BP 201 EP 206 AR PII S0269-7491(02)00158-6 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00158-6 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 603VZ UT WOS:000178582800006 PM 12395831 ER PT J AU Kim, MJ Nriagu, J Haack, S AF Kim, MJ Nriagu, J Haack, S TI Arsenic species and chemistry in groundwater of southeast Michigan SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE arsenic; groundwater; speciation geochemistry; Michigan ID WEST-BENGAL; DRINKING-WATER; ION-EXCHANGE; GANGES DELTA; 6 DISTRICTS; SPECIATION; INDIA; SEPARATION; BANGLADESH; OXIDATION AB Groundwater samples, taken from 73 wells in 10 counties of southeast Michigan in 1997 had arsenic concentrations in the range of 0.5 to 278 mug/l, the average being 29 mug/l. About 12% of these wells had arsenic concentrations that exceeded the current USEPA's maximum contaminant level of 50 mug/l. Most (53-98%) of the arsenic detected was arsenite [As(III)] and other observations supported the arsenic species distribution (low redox potential and DO). In shallow groundwater (< 15 m), arsenic concentrations are low likely due to the formation of insoluble ferrosoferric hydroxide complex. In deep groundwater (> 15 in), the concentration of arsenic is possibly controlled by reductive dissolution of arsenic-rich iron hydroxide/oxyhydroxide and dissolution of arsenic sulfide minerals. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Future Technol Res Div, Seoul 130650, South Korea. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. RP Kim, MJ (reprint author), Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Future Technol Res Div, POB 131, Seoul 130650, South Korea. EM mjkim@kist.re.kr NR 46 TC 86 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 120 IS 2 BP 379 EP 390 AR PII S0269-7491(02)00114-8 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00114-8 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 603VZ UT WOS:000178582800027 PM 12395852 ER PT J AU Kumar, KS Kannan, K Corsolini, S Evans, T Giesy, JP Nakanishi, J Masunaga, S AF Kumar, KS Kannan, K Corsolini, S Evans, T Giesy, JP Nakanishi, J Masunaga, S TI Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls in polar bear, penguin and south polar skua SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Antarctic; Arctic; PCBs; PCDD/DF; polar bear; penguin; south polar skua ID ISOMER-SPECIFIC ANALYSIS; MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; BREEDING-SEASON; RISK ASSESSMENT; MARINE MAMMALS; PCBS; NORTH; ANTARCTICA; POLLUTION; SEABIRDS AB Concentrations of 2378-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (DFs) and non- and mono-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls (dioxin-like PCBs) were measured in livers of polar bears from the Alaskan Arctic and in eggs of Adelie penguin and south polar skua and weddell seal liver, fish and krill from Antarctica. This is one of the first reports to document the concentrations of PCDDs/DFs in polar bear livers from Alaska, and in penguin and skua eggs from Antarctica. Concentrations of total PCDD/DFs in livers of polar bears ranged from 8 to 66 (mean: 26) pg/g, on a lipid weight basis. Concentrations of total PCDD/DFs in Antarctic samples were in the increasing order on a lipid weight basis; weddell seal liver (8.9 pg/g) < fish (11-17 pg/g) < krill (27 pg/g) < penguin eggs (mean: 23 pg/g) < south polar skua eggs (mean: 181 pg/g). Concentrations of dioxin-like PCBs (including two di-ortho congeners) in polar bear livers were in the range of 1080-3930 ng/g, lipid wt. Concentrations of dioxin-like PCBs in Antarctic samples were in the following order on a lipid weight basis; south polar skua eggs (mean: 1440 ng/g) > > penguin eggs (30 ng/g) > seal liver (57 ng/g) >fishes (6.2 ng/g) > krill (0.9 ng/g). Concentrations of 2378-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQs) calculated based on the WHO TEFs were higher in the eggs of polar skua (mean: 344; range: 220-650 pg/g, lipid wt.) from Antarctica than in polar bear livers from Alaska (mean: 120; range: 69-192 pg/g). In general, concentrations of PCDFs were greater than those of PCDDs in polar organisms. 23478-PeCDF is one of the dominant congener found in several samples. Concentrations of TEQs in polar bear livers and skua eggs were close to those that may cause adverse health effects. Dioxin-like PCBs, particularly, non-ortho coplanar PCBs were the major contributors to TEQ concentrations in penguin and skua eggs whereas mono-ortho PCBs accounted for a major portion of TEQs in polar bear livers. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Yokohama Natl Univ, Grad Sch Environm & Informat Sci, Hodogaya Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan. Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Siena, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali, I-53100 Siena, Italy. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Kumar, KS (reprint author), Yokohama Natl Univ, Grad Sch Environm & Informat Sci, Hodogaya Ku, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan. RI Masunaga, Shigeki/F-1315-2011; Corsolini, Simonetta/B-9460-2012 OI Masunaga, Shigeki/0000-0003-0608-2337; Corsolini, Simonetta/0000-0002-9772-2362 NR 35 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 119 IS 2 BP 151 EP 161 AR PII S0269-7491(01)00332-3 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00332-3 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 559JW UT WOS:000176023900002 PM 12152823 ER PT J AU Stout, JH Trust, KA Cochrane, JF Suydam, RS Quakenbush, LT AF Stout, JH Trust, KA Cochrane, JF Suydam, RS Quakenbush, LT TI Environmental contaminants in four eider species from Alaska and arctic Russia SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Alaska; contaminants; eider; heavy metals; seaducks ID HEAVY-METALS; PELAGIC SEABIRDS; METALLOTHIONEIN CONCENTRATIONS; SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; COMMON EIDERS; MERCURY; CADMIUM; SEA; COPPER; LEAD AB Population declines in four species of eider; common (Somateria mollissima), king (Somateria spectabilis), spectacled Somateria fischeri) and Steller's (Polysticta stelleri), have raised concerns about exposure to contaminants. Livers and kidney tissues were collected from ciders in Alaska and Russia for organic and elemental analyses. Results showed that organochlorine and many elemental levels were below toxic thresholds; however, in many cases, cadmium, copper, lead and selenium appeared high relative to other waterfowl and may warrant concern. With the exception of lead, local anthropogenic sources for these elements are not known. Although adverse physiological responses have not been documented in ciders, these four elements cannot be ruled out as contaminants of potential concern for some eider species, Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage Field Off, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. Dept Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK 99723 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks Field Off, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Stout, JH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage Field Off, 605 W 4th Ave,Room G-61, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. NR 49 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 119 IS 2 BP 215 EP 226 AR PII S0269-7491(01)00336-0 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00336-0 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 559JW UT WOS:000176023900007 PM 12152828 ER PT J AU Custer, TW Custer, CM Hines, RK AF Custer, TW Custer, CM Hines, RK TI Dioxins and congener-specific polychlorinated biphenyls in three avian species from the Wisconsin River, Wisconsin SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE polychlorinated biphenyls; dioxins; tree swallow; hooded merganser; wood duck ID SWALLOWS TACHYCINETA BICOLOR; CHLORINATED-HYDROCARBON CONTAMINANTS; TREE SWALLOWS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN EQUIVALENT; GREAT-LAKES; FOX RIVER; GREEN-BAY; USA; SEDIMENTS; BIRDS AB Sediments from the Wisconsin River, WI, USA are contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dioxin (TCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Wet weight concentrations of TCDD and PCBs in eggs were at background levels and highest in the piscivorous hooded merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus; geometric mean = 7 pg/g TCDD and 0.92 mug/g PCBs) and lowest in the omnivorous wood duck (Aix sponsa) (< 1 pg/g and 0.07 μg/g); concentrations in eggs of the insectivorous tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) were intermediate (< 1 pg/g and 0.33 mug/g). Positive accumulation rates of TCDD (8-19 pg/day) and PCBs (0.4-0.7 mug/day) in tree swallow nestlings suggest that the Wisconsin River is the source of these contaminants for tree swallow nestlings. The lower representation of trichlorobiphenyls and tetrachorobiphenyls in hooded merganser eggs compared to wood duck or tree swallow eggs suggests that the hooded merganser or its diet has a greater ability to metabolize lower-numbered PCB congeners than wood ducks or tree swallows. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Custer, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 32 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 119 IS 3 BP 323 EP 332 AR PII S0269-7491(02)00103-3 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00103-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 571QP UT WOS:000176728400006 PM 12166666 ER PT J AU Mora, M Skiles, R McKinney, B Paredes, M Buckler, D Papoulias, D Klein, D AF Mora, M Skiles, R McKinney, B Paredes, M Buckler, D Papoulias, D Klein, D TI Environmental contaminants in prey and tissues of the peregrine falcon in the Big Bend Region, Texas, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE DDE; mercury; selenium; peregrine falcon; West Texas ID NEW-MEXICO; RESIDUES AB Peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) have been recorded nesting in Big Bend National Park, Texas, USA and other areas of the Chihuahuan Desert since the early 1900s. From 1993 to 1996, peregrine falcon productivity rates were very low and coincided with periods of low rainfall. However, low productivity also was suspected to be caused by environmental contaminants. To evaluate potential impacts of contaminants on peregrine falcon populations, likely avian and bat prey species were collected during 1994 and 1997 breeding seasons in selected regions of western Texas, primarily in Big Bend National Park. Tissues of three peregrine falcons found injured or dead and feathers of one live fledgling also were analyzed. Overall, mean concentrations of DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chloroplienyl)ethylene], a metabolite of DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane], were low in all prey species except for northern rough-winged swallows (Stelgidopteryx serripennis, mean = 5.1 mug/g ww). Concentrations of mercury and selenium were elevated in some species, up to 2.5 mug/g dw, and 15 mug/g dw, respectively, which upon consumption could seriously affect reproduction of top predators. DDE levels near 5 mug/g ww were detected in carcass of one peregrine falcon found dead but the cause of death was unknown. Mercury, selenium, and DDE to some extent, may be contributing to low reproductive rates of peregrine falcons in the Big Bend region. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Big Bend Natl Pk, TX USA. Texas Pk & Wildlife, Black Gap Wildlife Management Area, Marathon, TX 79842 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Texas Pk & Wildlife, AE Wood Fish Hatchery, San Marcos, TX 78667 USA. RP Mora, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 2258 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Mora, Miguel/B-1344-2009; OI Mora, Miguel/0000-0002-8393-0216 NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 IS 1 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00207-X PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 502UG UT WOS:000172760700017 PM 11808550 ER PT J AU Vann, CD Megonigal, JP AF Vann, CD Megonigal, JP TI Productivity responses of Acer rubrum and Taxodium distichum seedlings to elevated CO2 and flooding SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem: Carbon Inventory Measurements and Monitoring Conference CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA DE elevated CO2; wetlands; tree seedlings; productivity; Taxodium distichum; Acer rubrum ID BALD CYPRESS; FOREST; ENRICHMENT; GROWTH AB Elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 are expected to increase photosynthetic rates Of C-3 tree species, but it is uncertain whether this will result in an increase in wetland seedling productivity. Separate short-term experiments (12 and 17 weeks) were performed on two wetland tree species, Taxodium distichum and Acer rubrum, to determine if elevated CO2 would influence the biomass responses of seedlings to flooding. T. distichum were grown in replicate glasshouses (n = 2) at CO2 concentrations of 350 or 700 ppm, and A. rubrum were grown in growth chambers at CO2 concentrations of 422 or 722 ppm. Both species were grown from seed. The elevated CO2 treatment was crossed with two water table treatments, flooded and non-flooded. Elevated CO2 increased leaf-level photosynthesis, whole-plant photosynthesis, and trunk diameter of T. distichum in both flooding treatments, but did not increase biomass of T. distichum or A. rubrum. Flooding severely reduced biomass, height, and leaf area of both T. distichum and A. rubrum. Our results suggest that the absence of a CO2-induced increase in growth may have been due to an 02 limitation on root production even though there was a relatively deep (similar to10 cm) aerobic soil surface in the non-flooded treatment. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Vann, CD (reprint author), US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 SU 1 BP S31 EP S36 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00244-5 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511XU UT WOS:000173291500005 PM 11833915 ER PT J AU Hansen, LJ Fabacher, DL Calfee, R AF Hansen, LJ Fabacher, DL Calfee, R TI The role of the egg jelly coat in protecting Hyla Regilla and Bufo Canorus embryos from ultraviolet B radiation during development SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE amphibian declines; amphibian hatching success; Bufo canorus; egg jelly; Hyla regilla; UVB radiation ID SOLAR UV-B; AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; DECLINES; REPAIR AB Background. Previous studies have suggested that Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation may play a role in amphibian population declines. Some of these studies also indicate that egg hatching success is unaltered in some species of anurans as a result of UVB exposure. It has been proposed that the egg mass jelly provides photoprotection to the developing embryos. Methods. Direct spectrophotometric scans of egg jelly, scans of egg jelly methanol extracts, and experimental manipulation in a solar simulator during development were all used to assess the role of egg mass jelly as a photoprotective agent. Results/Discussion. For Hyla regilla, scans of egg jelly and methanolic extracts (for mycosporine-like amino acid content) both displayed no absorption in the UV range. Experimental manipulation (removal of egg mass jelly) with both Hyla regilla and Bufo canorus egg masses in a solar simulator demonstrated that egg mass jelly played no apparent role in photoprotection of either of these species. Conclusions. Based on the results in this study it seems unlikely that the egg jelly coat is playing a crucial role in protecting developing embryos from the impact of UVB radiation. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Hansen, LJ (reprint author), World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM lara.hansen@wwfus.org NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2002 VL 9 IS 6 BP 412 EP 416 DI 10.1065/espr2001.10.097 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 618UJ UT WOS:000179435400010 PM 12515350 ER PT J AU Huckins, JN Petty, JD Lebo, JA Almeida, FV Booij, K Alvarez, DA Clark, RC Mogensen, BB AF Huckins, JN Petty, JD Lebo, JA Almeida, FV Booij, K Alvarez, DA Clark, RC Mogensen, BB TI Development of the permeability/performance reference compound approach for in situ calibration of semipermeable membrane devices SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; UPTAKE KINETICS; WATER; SPMDS; AIR AB Permeability/performance reference compounds (PRCs) are analytically noninterfering organic compounds with moderate to high fugacity from semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) that are added to the lipid prior to membrane enclosure. Assuming that isotropic exchange kinetics (IEK) apply and that SPMD-water partition coefficients are known, measurement of PRC dissipation rate constants during SPMD field exposures and laboratory calibration studies permits the calculation of an exposure adjustment factor (EAF). In theory, PRC-derived EAF ratios reflect changes in SPMD sampling rates (relative to laboratory data) due to differences in exposure temperature, membrane biofouling, and flow velocity-turbulence at the membrane surface. Thus, the PRC approach should allow for more accurate estimates of target solute/vapor concentrations in an exposure medium. Under some exposure conditions, the impact of environmental variables on SPMD sampling rates may approach an order of magnitude. The results of this study suggest that most of the effects of temperature, facial velocity-turbulence, and biofouling on the uptake rates of analytes with a wide range of hydrophobicities can be deduced from PRCs with a much narrower range of hydrophobicities. Finally, our findings indicate that the use of PRCs permits prediction of in situ SPMD sampling rates within 2-fold of directly measured values. C1 US Geol Survey, Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. State Univ Campinas, Inst Quim, BR-13081970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Netherlands Inst Sea Res, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Huckins, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RI Booij, Kees/K-5413-2015 OI Booij, Kees/0000-0002-3962-3155 NR 25 TC 257 Z9 264 U1 10 U2 103 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 1 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1021/es010991w PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 509RC UT WOS:000173162600029 PM 11811495 ER PT J AU Strom, SM Ramsdell, HS Archuleta, AS AF Strom, SM Ramsdell, HS Archuleta, AS TI Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in American dippers (Cinclus mexicanus) from a metal-impacted stream SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE American dipper; aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; Arkansas R; river; lead ID LEAD CONCENTRATIONS; HEAVY-METALS; RIVER BASIN; DUCKS; BLOOD; REPRODUCTION; PASSERINES; RESPONSES; INGESTION; IDAHO AB Blood samples collected from adult and nestling American dippers (Cinclus mexicanus) along the Arkansas River (CO, USA), a stream impacted by discharges from historical mining operations, and a reference stream were analyzed for lead concentration and delta -aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity. Median ALAD activities of adult and nestling dippers from the Arkansas River were found to be significantly different from median ALAD activities of reference adults and nestlings (p = 0.002 and p = 0.028). Median ALAD activity for adult dippers from the Arkansas River was more than 50% lower relative to reference adults and activity approached a level close to 50% lower in nestlings from the same site. Median blood lead concentrations from adult (range 15.4-386.0 ppb) and nestling (range 12.1-323.0 ppb) dippers from the Arkansas River were found to be significantly different from median blood lead concentrations of reference adult (range 4.2-29.6 ppb) and nestling (range 4.2-8.2 ppb) dippers (p < 0.001 and p = 0.011). The median hematocrit level in adult dippers did not vary between sites (p = 0.73), whereas the median hematocrit level of nestling dippers from the reference site was significantly lower compared to Arkansas River nestlings (p = 0.042). Blood lead concentration in both adult and nestling dippers was found to be significantly correlated with invertebrate lead concentration (r = 0.81, p < 0.001 and r = 0.62, p = 0.01, respectively). Highly significant negative correlations were observed between blood lead concentration and ALAD activity in both adult and nestling dippers (r = -0.86, p < 0.001 and r = -0.84, p < 0.001, respectively). This study suggests that dippers (both adults and nestlings) from the Arkansas River have significantly lower ALAD activity and significantly higher blood lead concentrations compared to reference values. The measurement of ALAD activity may be a sensitive and accurate biomarker for environmental lead exposure in dippers. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ctr Environm Toxicol & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. RP Strom, SM (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 101 S Webster St,Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707 USA. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 1 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<0115:AADAIA>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 505CA UT WOS:000172892700017 PM 11804044 ER PT J AU Johnston, RK Munns, WR Tyler, PL Marajh-Whittemore, PR Finkelstein, K Munney, K Short, FT Melville, A Hahn, SP AF Johnston, RK Munns, WR Tyler, PL Marajh-Whittemore, PR Finkelstein, K Munney, K Short, FT Melville, A Hahn, SP TI Weighing the evidence of ecological risk from chemical contamination in the estuarine environment adjacent to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, Maine, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE estuarine; ecological risk assessment; exposure assessment; effects assessment; risk characterization ID LARGE RIVER-RESERVOIR; SEDIMENTS; ASSESSMENTS; WILDLIFE; TOXICITY; MARINE AB In characterizing ecological risks. considerable consensus building and professional judgments are required to develop conclusions about risk. This is because how to evaluate all the factors that determine ecological risk is not well defined and is subject to interpretation. Here we report on the application of a procedure to weigh the evidence of ecological risk and develop conclusions about risk that will incorporate the strengths and weaknesses of the assessment. The procedure was applied to characterize ecological risk of chemical contamination in nearshore areas adjacent to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, located at the mouth of the Great Bay Estuary. New Hampshire and Maine. USA. Measures of exposure and effect were used to interpret the magnitude of risk to the assessment endpoints of pelagic species. epibenthic species, the benthic community, eelgrass plants, the salt marsh community. and avian receptors. The evidence of chemical exposure from water, sediment, and tissue and the evidence of biological effects to representative pelagic, epibenthic, benthic. eelgrass, salt marsh, and avian species, were weighed to characterize ecological risk. Individual measures were weighted by the quality and reliability of their data and risk, was estimated from the preponderance, magnitude, extent, and strength of causal relationships between the data on exposure and effects. Relating evidence of risk, to hypothesized pathways of exposure made it possible to estimate the magnitude of risk from sediment and water and express the confidence associated with the findings. Systematically weighing the evidence of risk rendered conclusions about risk in a manner that was clearly defined, objective, consistent, and did not rely solely on professional judgment. C1 Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr D3621, Marine Environm Support Off, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. US EPA, Off Ecosyst Assessment, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. NOAA, Boston, MA 02114 USA. US EPA, Waste Management Div, Boston, MA USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Maine Dept Environm Protect, Bur Oil & Hazardous Mat, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. Naval Facil Engn Command, Biol Sci, Lester, PA 19113 USA. RP Johnston, RK (reprint author), Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr D3621, Marine Environm Support Off, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 1 BP 182 EP 194 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<0182:WTEOER>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 505CA UT WOS:000172892700026 PM 11804053 ER PT J AU Multer, HG Gischler, E Lundberg, J Simmons, KR Shinn, EA AF Multer, HG Gischler, E Lundberg, J Simmons, KR Shinn, EA TI Key Largo Limestone revisited: Pleistocene shelf-edge facies, Florida Keys, USA SO FACIES LA English DT Review DE Key Largo Limestone; carbonates; corals; reef; U-series dating; diagenesis; Florida; Pleistocene ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; GRAIN SURFACE-FEATURES; GREAT BAHAMA BANK; SEA-LEVEL; SOUTH FLORIDA; UNITED-STATES; GROWTH-RATES; CORAL-REEFS; CARBONATE PLATFORMS; WESTERN ATLANTIC AB New dates and analysis of 12 deep and 57 shallow cores allow a more detailed interpretation of the Pleistocene shelf edge of the Florida Platform as found in various facies of the Key Largo Limestone beneath the Florida Keys. In this study a three-phase evolution of the Quaternary units (Q1-Q5) of the Key Largo is presented with new subdivision of the Q5. (1) In the first phase, the Q1 and Q2 (perhaps deposited during oxygen-isotope stage 11) deep-water quartz-rich environment evolved into a shallow carbonate phase. (2) Subsequently, a Q3 (presumably corresponding to oxygen-isotope stage 9) flourishing reef and productive high-platform sediment phase developed. (3) Finally, a Q4 and Q5 (corresponding to oxygen-isotope stages 7 and 5) stabilization phase occurred with reefs and leeward productive lagoons, followed by lower sea levels presenting a sequence of younger (isotope substages 5c, 5a) shelf-margin wedges, sediment veneers and outlier reefs. The Key Largo Limestone provides an accessible model of a carbonate shelf edge with fluctuating water depth, bordering a deep seaward basin for a period of at least 300 ka. During this time, at least four onlaps/offlaps, often separated by periods of karst development with associated diagenetic alterations, took place. The story presented by this limestone not only allows a better understanding of the history of south Florida but also aids in the interpretation of similar persistent shelf-edge sites bordering deep basins in other areas. C1 Goethe Univ, Inst Geol Palaontol, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Carleton Univ, Dept Geog, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Multer, HG (reprint author), 9855 State Route 961-F, Arkport, NY 14807 USA. NR 187 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 12 PU INSTITUT PALAONTOLOGIE UNIVERSITAT ERLANGEN-NURNBERG PI ERLANGEN PA LOEWENICHSTRABE 20, D-91054 ERLANGEN, GERMANY SN 0172-9179 J9 FACIES JI Facies PY 2002 VL 46 BP 229 EP 271 DI 10.1007/BF02668083 PG 43 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 557GH UT WOS:000175900300014 ER PT B AU Kotliar, NB Haire, SL Key, CH AF Kotliar, NB Haire, SL Key, CH GP USDA USDA USDA TI Lessons from the fires of 2000: Post-fire heterogeneity in ponderosa pine forests SO FIRE, FUEL TREATMENTS, AND ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fire, Fuel Treatments, and Ecological Restoration CY APR 16-18, 2002 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ, Joint Fire Sci Program, Soc Amer Foresters, W Forest Fire Res Ctr ID COLORADO AB We evaluate burn-severity patterns for six burns that occurred in the southern Rocky Mountains and the Colorado Plateau in 2000. We compare the results of two data sources: Burned Area Rehabilitations Teams (BAER) and a spatial burn-severity model derived from satellite imagery (the Normalized Bum Ratio; NBR). BAER maps tended to overestimate area of severe burns and underestimate area of moderate-severity bums relative to NBR maps. Low elevation and more southern ponderosa pine bums were predominantly understory bums, whereas bums at higher elevations and farther north had a greater component of high-severity burns. Thus, much, if not most, of the area covered by these burns appears to be consistent with historic bums and contributes to healthy functioning ecosystems. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Kotliar, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM tasha_kotliar@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P JI USDA For. Ser. Rocky Mt. Res. Stat. Proc. PY 2002 IS 29 BP 277 EP 279 PG 3 WC Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry GA BX52J UT WOS:000185594700028 ER PT J AU Patino, R Sullivan, CV AF Patino, R Sullivan, CV TI Ovarian follicle growth, maturation, and ovulation in teleost fish SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE fish; growth; hormones; lipids; maturation; oocyte; ovarian follicle; ovulation; teleost; vitelline envelope; vitellogenin ID FINAL OOCYTE MATURATION; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; EGG ENVELOPE CHORION; SPOTTED SEA-TROUT; ACTIVIN REGULATORY SYSTEM; FLOUNDER VERASPER-MOSERI; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; RAINBOW-TROUT; IN-VITRO AB Knowledge of ovarian follicle growth, maturation, and ovulation in teleosts is important to many aspects of basic and biomedical research, fisheries management, aquaculture, and environmental science. Follicle growth includes previtellogenic and vitellogenic stages. Although little progress has been made in our understanding of previtellogenic development, information on the regulation and mechanisms of vitellogenic growth has increased substantially in recent years. This new information pertains to the multiplicity of vitellogenin (Vg) genes, the oocyte Vg receptor, Vg processing enzymes (cathepsins) and their specific yolk products, and synthesis of various vitelline envelope precursor proteins in liver and ovary. Oocyte acquisition of lipids from sources other than Vg dominates follicle growth in many teleosts, especially perciformes, yet our understanding of the basic processes involved remains rudimentary. Considerable advances also have been made in our understanding of the endocrine regulation and mechanisms of ovarian follicle maturation. We have learned that ovarian follicle maturation involves a number of events including luteinizing hormone (LH)-dependent acquisition of oocyte maturational competence, LH induction of maturation-inducing hormone (MIH) synthesis, and MIH-dependent meiotic resumption (nuclear maturation) and cytoplasmic maturation. While much has been learned about mechanisms of maturational competence, MIH synthesis and meiotic resumption, our knowledge of cytoplasmic maturation is limited to descriptions of MIH-dependent yolk protein hydrolysis and associated oocyte hydration in a few species. It has become apparent that ovulation requires genomic activation regulated by nuclear MIH receptors, but the transduction pathways for the ovulatory MIH signal appear to be complex and are poorly understood. C1 Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Patino, R (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RI Sullivan, Craig/B-3863-2014; Nunez, Jesus/J-4015-2016 OI Sullivan, Craig/0000-0002-3609-9458; Nunez, Jesus/0000-0003-3668-5446 NR 139 TC 200 Z9 209 U1 21 U2 76 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PY 2002 VL 26 IS 1 BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.1023/A:1023311613987 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 668CU UT WOS:000182273400006 ER PT J AU Blazer, VS AF Blazer, VS TI Histopathological assessment of gonadal tissue in wild fishes SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE fish gonads; histology; ovary; pathology; testes ID MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L; PERCH PERCA-FLUVIATILIS; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; FRESH-WATER FISH; OOCYTE GROWTH; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; HISTOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY AB Histology offers a powerful tool in the study of reproductive health of fishes. It is routinely used for sex verification, identifying stage of development, documenting presence of intersex, tumors, parasites and other abnormalities and quantifying atresia. It can also be used for more subtle changes such as thickness of the vitelline envelope at various stages, yolk appearance, necrosis of sperm, and Sertoli cell proliferation. Gonadal histology, in conjunction with hormone and vitellogenin measurements, morphological and fecundity studies, can provide insights into the effects of various environmental stressors on reproductive health. However, much research, both field and laboratory, is needed to understand cause and effect for observed changes and to understand the meaning of many of the histological observations made in field studies, in terms of reproductive success of fish populations. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Blazer, VS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Vicki_blazer@usgs.gov NR 104 TC 108 Z9 113 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 EI 1573-5168 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PY 2002 VL 26 IS 1 BP 85 EP 101 DI 10.1023/A:1023332216713 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 668CU UT WOS:000182273400008 ER PT J AU Abe, S Sato, S Kojima, H Ando, J Ando, H Wilmot, RL Seeb, LW Efremov, V Leclair, L Buchholtz, W Deuk-Hee, J Kaeriyama, M Urawa, S Urano, A AF Abe, Syuiti Sato, Shunpei Kojima, Hiroyuki Ando, Junko Ando, Hironori Wilmot, Richard L. Seeb, Lisa W. Efremov, Vradimir Leclair, Larry Buchholtz, Wally Deuk-Hee, Jin Kaeriyama, Masahide Urawa, Shigehiko Urano, Akihisa TI Development of molecular markers for genetic stock identification of chum salmon SO FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chum salmon; stock identification; mitochondrial DNA; nucleotide sequence; haplotype; microsatellite DNA; genetic variation ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA; POPULATIONS; ALASKA AB We are conducting a collaborative study to develop molecular markers and baseline information for chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) to address stock identification problems and other issues. To date, more than 2,000 individuals representing 46 populations from Japan/Korea, Russia and North America (Alaska, British Columbia and Washington) have been evaluated with mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequence variation and/or at five microsatellite (ms) DNA loci. Analysis of mtDNA disclosed a greater genetic variation in the populations of Japan than those of Russia and North America and a distinct genetic differentiation among the three regional groups of populations, in addition to more than 20 region-specific haplotypes. Similar genetic variation was also found using msDNA, although allelic variation was different among the examined loci. Besides estimation of the genetic differentiation and stock origin of chum salmon, our DNA markers, particularly mtDNA analysis, may provide a useful means for understanding the historical origin and the formation of population structure in this species. C1 [Abe, Syuiti; Ando, Junko] Hokkaido Univ, Ctr Adv Sci Technol, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Sato, Shunpei; Ando, Hironori; Urano, Akihisa] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Kojima, Hiroyuki; Kaeriyama, Masahide] Hokaido Tokai Univ, Grad Sch Sci Engn, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Wilmot, Richard L.] NOAA, Alaska Fish Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK USA. [Seeb, Lisa W.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Efremov, Vradimir] Russian Acad Sci, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. [Leclair, Larry] Natl Mar Fish Serv, NFSC, Seattle, WA USA. [Buchholtz, Wally] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Deuk-Hee, Jin] Kangnung Natl Univ, Kangnung, South Korea. [Urawa, Shigehiko] Natl Salmon Resources Ctr, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. RP Abe, S (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Ctr Adv Sci Technol, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. RI Kaeriyama, Masahide/A-8500-2012 FU Fisheries Agency; Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan FX This study was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid from the Fisheries Agency and the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0919-9268 J9 FISHERIES SCI JI Fish. Sci. PY 2002 VL 68 SU 1 BP 353 EP 356 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA V15CR UT WOS:000207780600082 ER PT J AU Menzel, MA Owen, SF Ford, WM Edwards, JW Wood, PB Chapman, BR Miller, KV AF Menzel, MA Owen, SF Ford, WM Edwards, JW Wood, PB Chapman, BR Miller, KV TI Roost tree selection by northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) maternity colonies in an industrial forest of the central Appalachian mountains SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd North American Forest Ecology Workshop CY JUN 27-30, 1999 CL UNIV MAINE, ORONO, ME SP Soc Amer Foresters, Forest Ecol Working Grp, USDA, Forest Serv HO UNIV MAINE DE bats; black locust; central Appalachian; maternity roosts; Myotis septentrionalis; northern long-eared bat; Robinia pseudoacacia ID MANAGEMENT; STANDS; CALIFORNIA; BEHAVIOR; SODALIS; ECOLOGY AB As part of a bat ecology research effort in managed forests, we tracked seven lactating northern long-eared bats (Myotis septentrionalis Trouessart) to 12 roost trees used by maternity colonies ranging in size from I I to 65 individuals in the central Appalachians of West Virginia. Lactating females switched among roosts on average every 5 days. Roosts were located in nine tree species, with I I roosts in tree cavities and I under exfoliating bark. Eight of the roosts were located in snags; the other four were located in cavities in living trees. Black locust (Robinia pseudo-acacia L.) snags were selected as a roost sites more than expected based on their occurrence in the forests we surveyed. Only 3 of the 24 habitat characteristics differed between actual roost trees and randomly located cavity trees. Structurally, actual roosts tended to be closer to neighboring trees than did suitable roosts in randomly located cavity trees. Tree species was an important factor that influenced roost tree selection, with black locusts being used significantly more than expected based on their abundance across the managed forest landscape we studied. All northern long-eared bat roosts were located in or below the forest canopy which suggests that solar exposure may not be as critical for selection of roost trees by maternity colonies of this species as opposed to other species of tree-roosting bat at more northern latitudes in North America. Although many previous studies have demonstrated the importance of old-growth habitat in providing roosting habitat for tree-roosting bats, use of roosting habitat and characteristics of roost sites have been little documented within intensively managed forests. Our research indicates that in managed, Allegheny hardwood northern hardwood forests of the central Appalachians, short-lived, early successional species such as black locust may provide suitable roosting habitat for northern long-eared bats, as well as other species of bats. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USGS, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Ford, WM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. EM mford@fs.fed.us NR 46 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00551-5 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513NR UT WOS:000173385100010 ER PT J AU Weakland, CA Wood, PB Ford, WM AF Weakland, CA Wood, PB Ford, WM TI Responses of songbirds to diameter-limit cutting in the central Appalachians of West Virginia, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd North American Forest Ecology Workshop CY JUN 27-30, 1999 CL UNIV MAINE, ORONO, MAINE SP Soc Amer Foresters, Forest Ecology Working Grp, USDA, Forest Serv HO UNIV MAINE DE diameter-limit; partial harvesting songbirds; nesting success; high-grading ID BREEDING BIRDS; FOREST; SUCCESS; INDICATOR; DENSITY AB Diameter-limit harvesting is a commonly-used forest harvesting technique among landowners in West Virginia as opposed to silviculturally-accepted systems such as clearcutting, single-tree selection, and two-age harvesting. Songbird species respond both negatively and positively to these systems, and ornithologists suggest these techniques can be used when managing for songbirds at the stand and landscape levels. However, little is known about the effects of diameter-limit harvesting an songbird abundances and their reproductive success. We evaluated the effects of this technique on songbird populations at the Westvaco Wildlife and Ecosystem Research Forest (WWERF) in the Allegheny Mountains of West Virginia. The area is an industrial forest composed predominantly of Appalachian hardwoods 60-80 years old. We examined songbird abundances throughout the forest and nesting success on four 40 ha plots in 1996. In 1997, two plots were harvested using (lie diameter-limit technique where most trees greater than or equal to45.7 cm were removed. Abundance and nesting success were monitored again in 1997 and 1998. Results indicate that the abundances of most songbird species present prior to harvest changed little after the timber removal. Two species, the Canada warbler (Wilsonia canadensis) and dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis), were more abundant in harvested areas than unharvested forest. One habitat group, interior/edge species, and total abundance of songbirds also had higher abundance in harvested areas. Overall nest survival in harvested areas was higher both 1- (37.7%) and 2-years (46.4%) after harvesting than before harvesting (14.9%). Only large-diameter trees were removed on the WWERF, and intermediate and subcanopy trees remained standing, retaining considerable structural heterogeneity. Stands that were harvested differed from unharvested stands by having more snags, higher density of trees greater than or equal to8-14.9 cm, and a higher percent cover of down wood, Canopy cover over 24 m, density of saplings, and the amount of leaf litter decreased after harvesting, while canopy cover greater than or equal to0.5-3 m and the percent of bareground increased. Diameter-limit harvesting at the low intensity in our study might not adversely affect forest-dwelling songbirds in the central Appalachians in the short-term and forest bird communities could be retained. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights reserved. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USGS, W Virginia Coopert Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Weakland, CA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RI Liu, Yi-Chun/H-5463-2012 NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 115 EP 129 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00552-7 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513NR UT WOS:000173385100011 ER PT J AU Strauss, EA Lamberti, GA AF Strauss, EA Lamberti, GA TI Effect of dissolved organic carbon quality on microbial decomposition and nitrification rates in stream sediments SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dissolved organic carbon (DOC) quality; leaf leachates; microbial decomposition; nitrification; nutrient cycling; stream ID FRESH-WATER; ECOSYSTEMS; INHIBITION; MATTER; MONOTERPENES; TANNINS; LEAVES; CELL AB 1. Microbial decomposition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contributes to overall stream metabolism and can influence many processes in the nitrogen cycle, including nitrification. Little is known, however, about the relative decomposition rates of different DOC sources and their subsequent effect on nitrification. 2. In this study, labile fraction and overall microbial decomposition of DOC were measured for leaf leachates from 18 temperate forest tree species. Between 61 and 82% (mean, 75%) of the DOC was metabolized in 24 days. Significant differences among leachates were found for labile fraction rates (P < 0.0001) but not for overall rates (P = 0.088). 3. Nitrification rates in stream sediments were determined after addition of 10 mg C L-1 of each leachate. Nitrification rates ranged from below detection to 0.49 μg N mL sediment(-1) day(-1) and were significantly correlated with two independent measures of leachate DOC quality, overall microbial decomposition rate (r = -0.594, P = 0.0093) and specific ultraviolet absorbance (r = 0.469, P = 0.0497). Both correlations suggest that nitrification rates were lower in the presence of higher quality carbon. 4. Nitrification rates in sediments also were measured after additions of four leachates and glucose at three carbon concentrations (10, 30, and 50 mg C L-1). For all carbon sources, nitrification rates decreased as carbon concentration increased. Glucose and white pine leachate most strongly depressed nitrification. Glucose likely increased the metabolism of heterotrophic bacteria, which then out-competed nitrifying bacteria for NH4+. White pine leachate probably increased heterotrophic metabolism and directly inhibited nitrification by allelopathy. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Strauss, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fania Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RI Strauss, Eric/G-3368-2013 OI Strauss, Eric/0000-0002-3134-2535 NR 29 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 37 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 1 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00776.x PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 513UM UT WOS:000173397900006 ER PT J AU Weems, RE Lewis, WC AF Weems, RE Lewis, WC TI Structural and tectonic setting of the Charleston, South Carolina, region: Evidence from the Tertiary stratigraphic record SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Coastal Plain; Charleston earthquake 1886; Charleston South Carolina; neotectonics; stratigraphy; Tertiary ID COASTAL-PLAIN; EARTHQUAKES AB Eleven upper Eocene through Pliocene stratigraphic units occur in the subsurface of the region surrounding Charleston, South Carolina. These units contain a wealth of information concerning the long-term tectonic and structural setting of that area. These stratigraphic units have a mosaic pattern of distribution, rather than a simple layered pattern, because deposition, erosion, and tectonic warping have interacted in a complex manner through time. By generating separate structure-contour maps for the base of each stratigraphic unit, an estimate of the original basal surface of each unit can be reconstructed over wide areas. Changes in sea level over geologic time generate patterns of deposition and erosion that are geographically unique for the time of each transgression. Such patterns fail to persist when compared sequentially over time. In some areas, however, there has been persistent, repetitive net downward or upward movement over the past 34 m.y. These repetitive patterns of persistent motion are most readily attributable to tectonism. The spatial pattern of these high and low areas is complex, but it appears to correlate well with known tectonic features of the region. This correlation suggests that the tectonic setting of the Charleston region is controlled by scissors-like compression on a crustal block located between the north-trending Adams Run fault and the northwest-trending Charleston fault. Tectonism is localized in the Charleston region because it lies within a discrete hinge zone that accommodates structural movement between the Cape Fear arch and the Southeast Georgia embayment. C1 US Geol Survey, MS 928 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Weems, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 928 Natl Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 70 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 114 IS 1 BP 24 EP 42 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0024:SATSOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 515LH UT WOS:000173497000003 ER PT J AU Hoeft, SE Lucas, F Hollibaugh, JT Oremland, RS AF Hoeft, SE Lucas, F Hollibaugh, JT Oremland, RS TI Characterization of microbial arsenate reduction in the anoxic bottom waters of Mono Lake, California SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; SP-NOV; RESPIRATION; BACTERIA; PROTEOBACTERIA; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES; OXIDATION; MEROMIXIS; SELENIUM AB Dissimilatory reduction of arsenate (DAsR) occurs in the arsenic-rich, anoxic water column of Mono Lake, California, yet the microorganisms responsible for this observed in situ activity have not been identified. To gain insight as to which microorganisms mediate this phenomenon, as well as to some of the biogeochemical constraints on this activity, we conducted incubations of arsenate-enriched bottom water coupled with inhibition/amendment studies and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) characterization techniques. DAsR was totally inhibited by filter-sterilization and by nitrate, partially inhibited (similar to50%) by selenate, but only slightly (similar to25%) inhibited by oxyanions that block sulfate-reduction (molybdate and tungstate). The apparent inhibition by nitrate, however, was not due to action as a preferred electron acceptor to arsenate. Rather, nitrate addition caused a rapid, microbial re-oxidation of arsenite to arsenate, which gave the overall appearance of no arsenate loss. A similar microbial oxidation of As(III) was also found with Fe(III), a fact that has implications for the recycling of As(V) in Mono Lake's anoxic bottom waters. DAsR could be slightly (10%) stimulated by substrate amendments of lactate, succinate, malate, or glucose, but not by acetate, suggesting that the DAsR microflora is not electron donor limited. DGGE analysis of amplified 16S rDNA gene fragments from incubated arsenate-enriched bottom waters revealed the presence of two bands that were not present in controls without added arsenate. The resolved sequences of these excised bands indicated the presence of members of the epsilon (Sulfurospirillum) and delta (Desulfovibrio) subgroups of the Proteobacteria; both of which have representative species that are capable of anaerobic growth using arsenate as their electron acceptor. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 19 IS 1 BP 23 EP 40 DI 10.1080/014904502317246147 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 520PK UT WOS:000173790100003 ER PT J AU Potts, PJ Thompson, M Wilson, S AF Potts, PJ Thompson, M Wilson, S TI G-Probe-1 - An international proficiency test for microprobe laboratories - Report on round 1 February 2002 (TB-1 basaltic glass) SO GEOSTANDARDS NEWSLETTER-THE JOURNAL OF GEOSTANDARDS AND GEOANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE proficiency testing; quality assurance; G-Probe; TB-1; basaltic glass; microprobe laboratories ID ANALYTICAL GEOCHEMISTRY LABORATORIES AB Results are presented for round one of a new international proficiency testing programme designed for microprobe laboratories involved in the routine analysis of silicate minerals. The sample used for this round was TB-1, a basaltic glass fused and prepared by the USGS. Thirty nine laboratories contributed data to this round, the majority of major element results being undertaken by EPMA and the majority of trace elements by LA-ICP-MS. Assigned values were derived from the median of results produced by nine selected laboratories that analysed powdered material by conventional ICP-MS, INAA and XRF techniques using bulk powders of the sample. Submitted microprobe results were evaluated using a target precision calculated using the Horwitz function, adopting the same criteria as those used for "applied" geochemistry laboratories in the companion GeoPT proficiency testing programme for laboratories involved in the routine bulk analysis of silicate rocks. An evaluation of results from participating microprobe laboratories indicated that overall, data were compatible with this precision function. A comparison between the performance of bulk and microprobe techniques used in the analysis of the basaltic glass showed remarkably good agreement, with significant bias only observed for the major oxide MgO. C1 Open Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ London, Birkbeck Coll, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, London WC1H 0PP, England. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Potts, PJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. NR 11 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEOSTANDARDS PI VANDOEUVRE NANCY PA 15 RUE NOTRE-DAME-DES-PAUVRES BP 20, 54501 VANDOEUVRE NANCY, FRANCE SN 0150-5505 J9 GEOSTANDARD NEWSLETT JI Geostand. Newsl. PY 2002 VL 26 IS 2 BP 197 EP 235 DI 10.1111/j.1751-908X.2002.tb00887.x PG 39 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 610MM UT WOS:000178963900006 ER PT J AU Groat, CG AF Groat, CG TI A bridge not too far SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Groat, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD JAN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 1 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 514BN UT WOS:000173416500005 ER PT J AU Breshears, DD Allen, CD AF Breshears, DD Allen, CD TI The importance of rapid, disturbance-induced losses in carbon management and sequestration SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE carbon management; carbon sequestration; disturbance; forest dieback; erosion; fire; reforestation ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PINUS-EDULIS; FORESTS; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; EROSION; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; BIOMASS; STORAGE AB Management of terrestrial carbon fluxes is being proposed as a means of increasing the amount of carbon sequestered in the terrestrial biosphere. This approach is generally viewed only as an interim strategy for the coming decades while other longer-term strategies are developed and implemented-the most important being the direct reduction of carbon emissions. We are concerned that the potential for rapid, disturbance-induced losses may be much greater than is currently appreciated, especially by the decision-making community. Here we wish to: (1) highlight the complex and threshold-like nature of disturbances-such as fire and drought, as well as the erosion associated with each-that could lead to carbon losses; (2) note the global extent of ecosystems that are at risk of such disturbance-induced carbon losses; and (3) call for increased consideration of and research on the mechanisms by which large, rapid disturbance-induced losses of terrestrial carbon could occur. Our lack of ability as a scientific community to predict such ecosystem dynamics is precluding the effective consideration of these processes into strategies and policies related to carbon management and sequestration. Consequently, scientists need to do more to improve quantification of these potential losses and to integrate them into sound, sustainable policy options. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, HCR1, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Breshears, DD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Mail Stop J 495, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM daveb@lanl.gov RI Breshears, David/B-9318-2009 OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058 NR 51 TC 87 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2002.00274.x PG 5 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 523UC UT WOS:000173973400001 ER PT J AU Gill, RA Kelly, RH Parton, WJ Day, KA Jackson, RB Morgan, JA Scurlock, JMO Tieszen, LL Castle, JV Ojima, DS Zhang, XS AF Gill, RA Kelly, RH Parton, WJ Day, KA Jackson, RB Morgan, JA Scurlock, JMO Tieszen, LL Castle, JV Ojima, DS Zhang, XS TI Using simple environmental variables to estimate below-ground productivity in grasslands SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE below-ground biomass; biomass to NPP conversion; functional equilibrium; grassland NPP; net primary production; NPP estimation; root turnover ID ROOT TURNOVER; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; LONG-TERM; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS; NDVI AB In many temperate and annual grasslands, above-ground net primary productivity (NPP) can be estimated by measuring peak above-ground biomass. Estimates of below-ground net primary productivity and, consequently, total net primary productivity, are more difficult. We addressed one of the three main objectives of the Global Primary Productivity Data Initiative for grassland systems to develop simple models or algorithms to estimate missing components of total system NPP. Any estimate of below-ground NPP (BNPP) requires an accounting of total root biomass, the percentage of living biomass and annual turnover of live roots. We derived a relationship using above-ground peak biomass and mean annual temperature as predictors of below-ground biomass (r(2) = 0.54; P = 0.01). The percentage of live material was 0.6, based on published values. We used three different functions to describe root turnover: constant, a direct function of above-ground biomass, or as a positive exponential relationship with mean annual temperature. We tested the various models against a large database of global grassland NPP and the constant turnover and direct function models were approximately equally descriptive (r(2) = 0.31 and 0.37), while the exponential function had a stronger correlation with the measured values (r(2) = 0.40) and had a better fit than the other two models at the productive end of the BNPP gradient. When applied to extensive data we assembled from two grassland sites with reliable estimates of total NPP, the direct function was most effective, especially at lower productivity sites. We provide some caveats for its use in systems that lie at the extremes of the grassland gradient and stress that there are large uncertainties associated with measured and modelled estimates of BNPP. C1 Washington State Univ, Program Environm Sci & Reg Planning, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Dept Nat Resources, Climate Impacts & Grazing Syst, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. ARS Rangeland Resources, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Long Term Ecol Res Network Off, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. RP Gill, RA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Program Environm Sci & Reg Planning, POB 644430, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 NR 50 TC 63 Z9 83 U1 8 U2 63 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7447 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00267.x PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 523UC UT WOS:000173973400009 ER PT J AU Coleman, DS Barth, AP Wooden, JL AF Coleman, DS Barth, AP Wooden, JL TI Early to Middle Proterozoic construction of the Mojave province, southwestern United States SO GONDWANA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mojave province; geochronology; Nd isotopes; Laurentia ID NORTH-AMERICA; SEDIMENT AB Zircon and monazite U-Pb geochronology of rocks in the western Mojave province of the southwest US reveals that the Proterozoic arc exposed there shares an intrusive and deformational history with rocks exposed further east in the Yavapai and Mazatzal belts after approximately 1780 Ma. Consequently, it seems likely that the Mojave province was contiguous with these other Laurentian provinces by that time. Isotopic and geochronologic data also suggest that Mojave province plutonic rocks inherit their distinctive isotopic compositions, at least in part, from an enriched lithospheric mantle source and interaction with sedimentary rocks containing Archean detritus. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Geol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Coleman, DS (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 685 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GONDWANA RESEARCH PI KOCHI PA KOCHI UNIV, FACULTY SCIENCE AKEBONO-CHO 2-5-1, KOCHI, 780-8520, JAPAN SN 1342-937X J9 GONDWANA RES JI Gondwana Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 5 IS 1 BP 75 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S1342-937X(05)70890-X PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 501DL UT WOS:000172667500009 ER PT J AU Sepic, R Kase, K AF Sepic, R Kase, K TI The National Biological Information Infrastructure as an e-government tool SO GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB Coordinated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) is a Web-based system that provides access to data and information on the nation's biological resources. Although it was begun in 1993, predating any formal E-Government initiative, the NBII typifies the E-Government concepts outlined in the President's Management Agenda, as well as in the proposed E-Government Act of 2002. This article-an individual case study and not a broad survey with extensive references to the literature-explores the structure and operation of the NBII in relation to several emerging trends in E-Government: end-user focus, defined and scalable milestones, public-private partnerships, alliances with stakeholders, and interagency cooperation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NBII Informat Liaison, USGS Biol Resources Discipline Biol Informat Off, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Sepic, R (reprint author), NBII Informat Liaison, USGS Biol Resources Discipline Biol Informat Off, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 302, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0740-624X J9 GOV INFORM Q JI Gov. Inf. Q. PY 2002 VL 19 IS 4 BP 407 EP 424 AR PII S0740-624X(02)00120-X DI 10.1016/S0740-624X(02)00120-X PG 18 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 633LT UT WOS:000180285300005 ER PT S AU Moulton, CW Wright, DL Hutton, SR Smith, DV Abraham, JD AF Moulton, CW Wright, DL Hutton, SR Smith, DV Abraham, JD BE Koppenjan, SK Lee, H TI Basalt-flow imaging using a high-resolution directional borehole radar SO GPR 2002: NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2002) CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2002 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Univ Calif, Santa Barbara, Bechtel Nevada, Special Technol Lab, GroundProbe, Sensors & Software Inc, Mala Geosci, Geophys Survey Syst DE directional borehole radar; INEEL; basalt-flow imaging AB A new high-resolution directional borehole radar-logging tool (DBOR tool) was used to log three wells at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). The radar system uses identical directional cavity-backed monopole transmitting and receiving antennas that can be mechanically rotated while the tool is stationary or moving slowly in a borehole. Faster reconnaissance logging with no antenna rotation was also done to find zones of interest. The microprocessor-controlled motor/encoder in the tool can rotate the antennas azimuthally, to a commanded angle, accurate to a within few degrees. The three logged wells in the unsaturated zone at the INEEL had been cored with good core recovery through most zones. After coring, PVC casing was installed in the wells. The unsaturated zone consists of layered basalt flows that are interbedded with thin layers of coarse-to-fine grained sediments. Several zones were found that show distinctive signatures consistent with fractures in the basalt. These zones may correspond to suspected preferential flow paths. The DBOR data were compared to core, and other borehole log information to help provide better understanding of hydraulic flow and transport in preferential flow paths in the unsaturated zone basalts at the INEEL. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Moulton, CW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25024,MS-964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4522-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4758 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1117/12.462208 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU70E UT WOS:000176734400003 ER PT S AU Ellefsen, KJ Wright, DL AF Ellefsen, KJ Wright, DL BE Koppenjan, SK Lee, H TI Radiation pattern of a borehole radar antenna SO GPR 2002: NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2002) CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2002 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Univ Calif, Santa Barbara, Bechtel Nevada, Special Technol Lab, GroundProbe, Sensors & Software Inc, Mala Geosci, Geophys Survey Syst DE finite-difference time-domain method; borehole radar antenna; radiation pattern AB To understand better how a borehole antenna radiates radar waves into a fori-nation, this phenomenon is simulated numerically using the finite-difference, time-domain method. The simulations are of two different antenna models that include features like a driving point fed by a coaxial cable, resistive loading of the antenna, and a water-filled borehole. For each model, traces are calculated in the far-field region, and then, from these traces, radiation patterns are calculated. The radiation patterns show that the amplitude of the radar wave is strongly affected by its frequency, its propagation direction, and the resistive loading of the antenna. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ellefsen, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4522-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4758 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.462190 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU70E UT WOS:000176734400013 ER PT S AU Smith, DV Brown, PJ AF Smith, DV Brown, PJ BE Koppenjan, SK Lee, H TI Advances in directional borehole radar data analysis and visualization SO GPR 2002: NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2002) CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2002 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Univ Calif, Santa Barbara, Bechtel Nevada, Special Technol Lab, GroundProbe, Sensors & Software Inc, Mala Geosci, Geophys Survey Syst DE borehole; directional; processing; visualization; IDL; seismic; UNIX AB The U.S. Geological Survey is developing a directional borehole radar (DBOR) tool for mapping fractures, lithologic changes, and underground utility and void detection. An important part of the development of the DBOR tool is data analysis and visualization, with the aim of making the software graphical user interface (GUI) intuitive and easy to use. The DBOR software system consists of a suite of signal and image processing routines written in Research Systems' Interactive Data Language (IDL). The software also serves as a front-end to many widely accepted Colorado School of Mines Center for Wave Phenomena (CWP) Seismic UNIX (SU) algorithms (Cohen and Stockwell, 2001). Although the SU collection runs natively in a UNIX environment, our system seamlessly emulates a UNIX session within a widely used PC operating system (MicroSoft Windows) using GNU tools (Noer, 1998). Examples are presented of laboratory data acquired with the prototype tool from two different experimental settings. The first experiment imaged plastic pipes in a macro-scale sand tank. The second experiment monitored the progress of an invasion front resulting from oil injection. Finally, challenges to further development and planned future work are discussed. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Smith, DV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4522-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4758 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.1117/12.462230 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU70E UT WOS:000176734400046 ER PT S AU Bekins, BA Cozzarelli, IM Warren, E Godsy, EM AF Bekins, BA Cozzarelli, IM Warren, E Godsy, EM BE Thornton, SF Oswald, SE TI Microbial ecology of a crude oil contaminated aquifer SO GROUNDWATER QUALITY: NATURAL AND ENHANCED RESTORATION OF GROUNDWATER POLLUTION SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Groundwater Quality CY JUN 18-21, 2001 CL SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND SP Univ Sheffield, Groundwater Protect & Restorat Grp, Univ Sheffield, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Groundwater DE biodegradation; hydrocarbons; iron reduction; methanogenesis ID SPILL SITE; GROUNDWATER; SUBSURFACE; PLUME; EVOLUTION; FATE AB Detailed microbial analyses of a glacial outwash aquifer contaminated by crude oil provide insights into the pattern of microbial succession from iron reducing to methanogenic in the anaerobic portion of the contaminant plume. We analysed sediments from this area for populations of aerobes, iron reducers, fermenters and methanogens, using the most probable number method. On the basis of the microbial data the anaerobic area can be divided into distinct physiological zones dominated by either iron-reducers or a consortium of fermenters and methanogens. Chemistry and permeability data show that methanogenic conditions develop first in areas of high hydrocarbon flux. Thus, we find methanogens both in high permeability horizons and also where separate-phase crude oil is present in either the saturated or unsaturated zone. Microbial numbers peak at the top of the separate-phase oil suggesting that growth is most rapid in locations with access to both hydrocarbons and nutrients infiltrating from the surface. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bekins, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-86-4 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2002 IS 275 BP 57 EP 63 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BX42D UT WOS:000185215100008 ER PT J AU Gray, BA Zori, RT McGuire, PM Bonde, RK AF Gray, BA Zori, RT McGuire, PM Bonde, RK TI A first generation cytogenetic ideogram for the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) based on multiple chromosome banding techniques SO HEREDITAS LA English DT Article ID WHALE; HYBRIDIZATION; ASSOCIATION; DOLPHIN; GENOME; SPERM AB Detailed chromosome studies were conducted for the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) utilizing primary chromosome banding techniques (G- and Q-banding). Digital microscopic imaging methods were employed and a standard G-banded karyotype was constructed for both sexes, Based on chromosome banding patterns and measurements obtained in these studies. a standard karyotype and ideogram are proposed. Characterization of additional cytogenetic features of this species by supplemental chromosome banding techniques, C-banding (constitutive heterochromatin), Ag-NOR staining (nucleolar organizer regions). and DA/DAPI staining, was also performed. These studies provide detailed cytogenetic data for T. manatus latirostris, which could enhance future genetic mapping projects and interspecific and intraspecific genomic comparisons by techniques such as zoo-FISH. C1 Univ Florida, Div Genet, Dept Pediat, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Gray, BA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Div Genet, Dept Pediat, Box 100296 UFHSC, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. OI Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0018-0661 J9 HEREDITAS JI Hereditas PY 2002 VL 137 IS 3 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1034/j.1601-5223.2002.01657.x PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 676TZ UT WOS:000182769600008 ER PT S AU Ruff, SR Christensen, PR Bandfield, JL Hamilton, VE Kieffer, HH Morris, RV Lane, MD Malin, MC AF Ruff, SR Christensen, PR Bandfield, JL Hamilton, VE Kieffer, HH Morris, RV Lane, MD Malin, MC BE Rickman, H TI Martian surface composition as determined by the MGS thermal emission spectrometer SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 12 SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 07-18, 2000 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Int Astron Union C1 Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego 92191, CA USA. RP Ruff, SR (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-086-2 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2002 VL 12 BP 636 EP 636 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV30K UT WOS:000178493500167 ER PT J AU Larson, GL Hoffman, RL McIntire, CD AF Larson, GL Hoffman, RL McIntire, CD TI Persistence of an unusual pelagic zooplankton assemblage in a clear, mountain lake SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE pelagic zooplankton; mountain lake; rotifer; kokanee salmon ID HIGH-ELEVATION LAKES; ROTIFER COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CANADIAN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; RAINIER-NATIONAL-PARK; CRUSTACEAN PLANKTON; SIERRA-NEVADA; FISH; USA; ABUNDANCE; PONDS AB The planktonic zooplankton assemblage in Mowich Lake, Mount Rainier National Park (MORA), was composed almost entirely of rotifers in 1966 and 1967. Adult pelagic crustacean taxa were rare. Their paucity was attributed to predation by kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), which had been stocked in 1961. During a park-wide survey of 24 lakes in 1988, Mowich Lake was the only one that did not contain at least one planktonic crustacean species. Given the apparent persistence of the unusual pelagic zooplankton assemblage in Mowich Lake, the first objective of this study was to document the interannual variation in the taxonomic structure of the zooplankton assemblages in the lake from 1988 through 1999. A second objective was to determine if it was possible to predict the taxonomic composition of the pelagic crustacean zooplankton assemblage in Mowich Lake prior to the stocking of kokanee salmon. The Mowich Lake zooplankton assemblages in 1988-1999 were consistent with those in 1966 and 1967. Crustacean taxa were extremely rare, but they included most of the primary taxa collected from 23 MORA lakes surveyed in 1988. Nonetheless, the 1988 collections showed that the September rotifer assemblage in Mowich Lake was similar to 10 of the 24 lakes sampled. Seven of the 10 lakes were dominated by cladocerans, primarily Daphnia rosea and Holopedium gibberum. Therefore, it appeared that either one or both of these species may have numerically dominated the crustacean zooplankton assemblage in the lake prior to 1961. C1 USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Larson, GL (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2002 VL 468 IS 1-3 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1023/A:1015279025483 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 545HU UT WOS:000175212000016 ER PT J AU Thomas, PC Joseph, J Carcich, B Veverka, J Clark, BE Bell, JF Byrd, AW Chomko, R Robinson, M Murchie, S Prockter, L Cheng, A Izenberg, N Malin, M Chapman, C McFadden, LA Kirk, R Gaffey, M Lucey, PG AF Thomas, PC Joseph, J Carcich, B Veverka, J Clark, BE Bell, JF Byrd, AW Chomko, R Robinson, M Murchie, S Prockter, L Cheng, A Izenberg, N Malin, M Chapman, C McFadden, LA Kirk, R Gaffey, M Lucey, PG TI Eros: Shape, topography, and slope processes SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE asteroids; geodesy; geology; Eros; NEAR ID EJECTA BLOCKS; MARTIAN SATELLITES; ASTEROID 433-EROS; CRATERS; GRAVITY; IMPACT; PHOBOS; 243-IDA; SURFACE; DEIMOS AB Stereogrammetric measurement of the shape of Eros using images obtained by NEAR'S Multispectral Imager provides a survey of the major topographic features and slope processes on this asteroid. This curved asteroid has radii ranging from 3.1 to 17.7 km and a volume of 2535 20 km(3). The center of figure is within 52 m of the center of mass provided by the Navigation team; this minimal difference suggests that there are only modest variations in density or porosity within the asteroid. Three large depressions 10, 8, and 5.3 km across represent different stages of degradation of large impact craters. Slopes on horizontal scales of similar to300 m are nearly all less than 35degrees, although locally scarps are much steeper. The area distribution of slopes is similar to those on Ida, Phobos, and Deimos. Regions that have slopes greater than 25degrees have distinct brighter markings and have fewer large ejecta blocks than do flatter areas. The albedo patterns that suggest downslope transport of regolith have sharper boundaries than those on Phobos, Deimos and Gaspra. The morphology of the albedo patterns, their lack of discrete sources, and their concentration on steeper slopes suggest transport mechanisms different from those on the previously well-observed small bodies, perhaps due to a reduced relative effectiveness of impact gardening on Eros. Regolith is also transported in talus cones and in connected, sinuous paths extending as much as 2 km, with some evident as relatively darker material. Talus material in at least one area is a discrete superposed unit, a feature not resolved on other small bodies. Flat-floored craters that apparently contain ponded material also suggest discrete units that are not well mixed by impacts. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Thomas, PC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI McFadden, Lucy-Ann/I-4902-2013; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; Izenberg, Noam/F-3952-2015 OI McFadden, Lucy-Ann/0000-0002-0537-9975; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Izenberg, Noam/0000-0003-1629-6478 NR 39 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1 BP 18 EP 37 DI 10.1006/icar.2001.6755 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 544ML UT WOS:000175164100003 ER PT B AU Lu, Z Wicks, C Power, J Dzurisin, D Thatcher, W Masterlark, T AF Lu, Z Wicks, C Power, J Dzurisin, D Thatcher, W Masterlark, T GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Interferometric synthetic aperture radar studies of Alaska volcanoes SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci ID SURFACE AB Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) imaging is a recently developed geodetic technique capable of measuring ground-surface deformation with centimeter to subcentimeter vertical precision and spatial resolution of tens-of-meter over a relatively large region (similar to10(4) km(2)). The spatial distribution of surface deformation data, derived from InSAR images, enables the construction of detailed mechanical models to enhance the study of magmatic and tectonic processes associated with volcanoes. This paper summarizes our recent InSAR studies of several Alaska volcanoes, which include Okmok, Akutan, Kiska, Augustine, Westdahl, and Peulik volcanoes. C1 US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Raytheon ITSS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Raytheon ITSS, 47914 252 St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 191 EP 194 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800063 ER PT B AU Helz, RT Ellrod, GA Wadge, G AF Helz, RT Ellrod, GA Wadge, G GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Satellite imagery for volcanic hazards mitigation SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Helz, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 757 EP 758 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800248 ER PT S AU Langer, WH AF Langer, WH BE Scott, PW Bristow, CM TI An overview of aggregate resources in the United States SO INDUSTRIAL MINERALS AND EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY GEOLOGY SE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals/11th Extractive Industry Geology Conference CY MAY 07-12, 2000 CL BATH, ENGLAND SP Foster Yeoman Ltd, Rio Tinto p/c, IMERYS, Hanson Quarry Product Europe, Lafarge Aggregates Ltd, Tarmac Ltd, Aggregate Ind Ltd, RMc Aggregates Ltd, Watts Blake Bearne & Co plc, Mineralog Soc, New Riverside Ochre Co Inc, Volvo Construct Equipment Ltd AB In 2000 the USA produced about 2.7 billion tonnes of aggregate worth about $13.7 billion. Both crushed stone and sand and gravel are produced in virtually every State, although limited quantities are available in the Gulf Coastal Plain, the Colorado Plateau, the Wyoming Basin and the Great Plains. Prices vary depending on the product and location. Most aggregates are transported by road, and minor amounts by railroad, barge on navigable inland channels, and through the Great Lake ports. Imports and exports of aggregates are very minor. A major amount of crushed stone aggregates is consumed by public projects, mostly for highway and road construction and maintenance. A significant amount of sand and gravel is used for concrete aggregate. Recycled aggregates account for about 8% of total demand, although the amount recycled is thought to be increasing. Current issues facing the industry include the differences in quality specifications between States, adjusting to the increasing concern for the impact of aggregate mining on the environment, health issues from particulate matter and crystalline silica, and the complexity of obtaining permits for extraction. Reduction in the number of companies extracting aggregates is likely to occur through acquisitions. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Langer, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 964,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 1-86239-099-1 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL PY 2002 BP 9 EP 16 PG 8 WC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BU80K UT WOS:000177068100003 ER PT S AU Foley, NK Ayuso, RA Orris, G AF Foley, NK Ayuso, RA Orris, G BE Scott, PW Bristow, CM TI Developing lifecycle models for speciality clay deposits: applications of trace element geochemistry to kaolin deposits SO INDUSTRIAL MINERALS AND EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY GEOLOGY SE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals/11th Extractive Industry Geology Conference CY MAY 07-12, 2000 CL BATH, ENGLAND SP Foster Yeoman Ltd, Rio Tinto p/c, IMERYS, Hanson Quarry Product Europe, Lafarge Aggregates Ltd, Tarmac Ltd, Aggregate Ind Ltd, RMc Aggregates Ltd, Watts Blake Bearne & Co plc, Mineralog Soc, New Riverside Ochre Co Inc, Volvo Construct Equipment Ltd ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; SLATE BELT; MINERALIZATION; PIEDMONT; GOLD; ARC AB Geochemical processes controlling the fate of trace elements have been modelled using geological and environmental features to help design better mining and waste management practices for clay deposits. Geological characteristics and environmental behaviours of kaolin deposits vary according to precursor host rock and climatic setting. Extensive deposits of speciality kaolin clays being mined in the Eastern United States are hosted by regionally extensive volcanic rocks that contained ancient hot springs, although the clay deposits represent high-alumina alteration zones attributed to more recent weathering of crystal tuffs. Examples of such deposits occur at Haile and Brewer, South Carolina. Weathering of the volcanic rocks resulted in a relatively pure, high-quality, white clay (c.35% kaolin, c.45% quartz, c.20% sericite) with a distinctive trace element signature (e.g. <0.2-7 ppm Se, <0.6-22 ppm As). The clay rock contains remnants of hydrothermal sinter (thin beds of quartz and pyrite) and concretions 1-4cm in length (2-5% by area) consisting of goethite, hematite, lepidocrocite, and kaolin formed by weathering of sinter. The concretions are local sinks for trace metals (e.g. 60-230 ppm Se and 11-511 ppm As). Geochemical modelling based on empirical data indicates that surficial processes acted to form local point sources highly enriched in potentially toxic elements relative to the clay rocks and that as long as the pH of groundwater is neutral, the system is a relatively secure repository for the trace metals. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Foley, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 1-86239-099-1 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL PY 2002 BP 225 EP 234 PG 10 WC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BU80K UT WOS:000177068100031 ER PT S AU Arbogast, B AF Arbogast, B BE Scott, PW Bristow, CM TI An overview of reclamation law dealing with mineral resource development in the USA SO INDUSTRIAL MINERALS AND EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY GEOLOGY SE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals/11th Extractive Industry Geology Conference CY MAY 07-12, 2000 CL BATH, ENGLAND SP Foster Yeoman Ltd, Rio Tinto p/c, IMERYS, Hanson Quarry Product Europe, Lafarge Aggregates Ltd, Tarmac Ltd, Aggregate Ind Ltd, RMc Aggregates Ltd, Watts Blake Bearne & Co plc, Mineralog Soc, New Riverside Ochre Co Inc, Volvo Construct Equipment Ltd AB There is ongoing tension in the USA between people wanting federal legislation and national standards versus state rights and local control of mining and reclamation. The laws and legal policies made by this society result from public concern, industry, and environmental lobby groups. The dominance given to private ownership of surface rights and industrial use of public land has lessened over time with environmental considerations. The US Congress has passed significant regulations that impact the landscape. The National Environmental Policy Act of 1963 set the tone, followed by the Clean Water, Clean Air, Endangered Species, and National Historic Preservation Acts. The only nationwide programme to protect society and the environment from the adverse effects of surface mining operations is the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, but this pertains to coal operations only. Permitting and regulation of non-coal mining is frequently under the jurisdiction of state and local governments with thousands of zoning and land use regulations varying greatly from city to county. With so many local laws, this report focuses its examination of reclamation law to the broad federal statute standpoint and looks at regional differences by selecting states from different physiographic regions. Governmental reclamation efforts are criticized for interfering with free enterprise, or for not being well coordinated in resolving legal and environmental problems associated with mining. Some state mining laws have put teeth into reclamation with legislation for restoration, performance bonds, and penalties. The boundary between responsible government regulation and interference is not static and will continue to be argued, but there is little disagreement that the regulations governing mining and reclamation are no longer just economic; they include environmental and social values. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Arbogast, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 973,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 1-86239-099-1 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL PY 2002 BP 283 EP 293 PG 11 WC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BU80K UT WOS:000177068100039 ER PT S AU Elder, JF Goddard, GL Homant, PR AF Elder, JF Goddard, GL Homant, PR BE Williams, WD TI Phosphorus yields and retention in hydrologically distinct wetland systems in northern and southern Wisconsin (USA) SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 27, PT 7, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 1998 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol C1 US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. RP Elder, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54058-1 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2002 VL 27 BP 3996 EP 4000 PN 7 PG 5 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BU33C UT WOS:000175705300055 ER PT S AU Wilzbach, MA Cummins, KW Barnes, TK Trexler, JC AF Wilzbach, MA Cummins, KW Barnes, TK Trexler, JC BE Wetzel, RG TI Channel-floodplain coupling in the Kissimmee River, Florida (USA): invertebrate movement and fish feeding SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 28, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 2001 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol ID RESTORATION C1 Humboldt State Univ, USGS Calif Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Wilzbach, MA (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, USGS Calif Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54060-3 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2002 VL 28 BP 164 EP 172 PG 9 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BV10A UT WOS:000177817300025 ER PT S AU Duff, JH Hendricks, SP Jackman, AR Triska, FJ AF Duff, JH Hendricks, SP Jackman, AR Triska, FJ BE Wetzel, RG TI The effect of Elodea canadensis beds on porewater chemistry, microbial respiration, and nutrient retention in the Shingobee River, Minnesota, North America SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 28, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 2001 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol ID SURFACE-WATER; MACROPHYTE GROWTH; SEDIMENT REDOX; HYPORHEIC ZONE; GROUND-WATER; PATTERNS; STREAMS; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Duff, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 439, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54060-3 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2002 VL 28 BP 214 EP 222 PG 9 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BV10A UT WOS:000177817300033 ER PT S AU Triska, FJ Jackman, AP Duff, JH Avanzino, RJ AF Triska, FJ Jackman, AP Duff, JH Avanzino, RJ BE Wetzel, RG TI Nutrients contributed by 'old' and 'new' ground water to the Shingobee River MN, USA SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 28, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 2001 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol ID CHALK STREAM; TEMPERATURES; INDICATORS; PATTERNS; DROUGHT C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Triska, FJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54060-3 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2002 VL 28 BP 410 EP 416 PG 7 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BV10A UT WOS:000177817300072 ER PT S AU Jones, SB Jones, JR AF Jones, SB Jones, JR BE Wetzel, RG TI Seasonal variation in cyanobacterial toxin production in two Nepalese lakes SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 28, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 2001 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol ID ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; BLOOMS; PHYTOPLANKTON C1 USGS, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Jones, SB (reprint author), USGS, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54061-1 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2002 VL 28 BP 1017 EP 1022 PN 2 PG 6 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BW12R UT WOS:000180942800102 ER PT J AU Fritts, TH AF Fritts, TH TI Economic costs of electrical system instability and power outages caused by snakes on the Island of Guam SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE electrical outages; snakes; Guam; Boiga irregularis; brown tree snake; introduced species; economic costs AB The Brown Tree Snake, Boiga irregularis, is an introduced species on Guam where it causes frequent electrical power outages. The snake's high abundance, its propensity for climbing, and use of disturbed habitats all contribute to interruption of Guam's electrical service and the activities that depend on electrical power. Snakes have caused more than 1600 power outages in the 20-yr period of 1978-1997 and most recently nearly 200 outages per year. Single outages spanning the entire island and lasting 8 or more hours are estimated to cost in excess of $3,000,000 in lost productivity, but the costs of outages that involve only parts of the island or those of shorter durations are more difficult to quantify. Costs to the island's economy have exceeded $4.5 M per year over a 7-yr period without considering repair costs, damage to electrical equipment, and lost revenues. Snakes pose the greatest problem on high voltage transmission lines, on transformers, and inside electrical substations. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Fritts, TH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, 4512 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2-3 BP 93 EP 100 AR PII S0964-8305(01)00108-1 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00108-1 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 546TL UT WOS:000175290200003 ER PT J AU Stewart, WB Witmer, GW Koehler, GM Norton, M AF Stewart, WB Witmer, GW Koehler, GM Norton, M TI Incisor analysis technique to predict the gender of black bears damaging trees SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article AB Black bear (Ursus americanus) feeding on tree cambium is a forest management concern in the Pacific Northwest. Predicting the gender of bears foraging on cambium could provide valuable insight for damage management by focusing management on depredating bears. Equations were generated from dental impressions taken from live bears captured in western Washington State to classify the gender of bears that left incisor grooves on freshly damaged trees. Males had wider primary, 11, (0.55 cm +/- 0.01, P = 0.04) and secondary, 12, upper incisors (0.67 cm +/- 0.01, P = 0.001) than female bears (0.49 cm +/- 0.02 and 0.58 cm +/- 0.01, respectively). The widths of individual incisor grooves in the cambium of trees in western Washington were measured and compared to dental measurements from live bears, revealing that females damaged 90% (88 of 98 trees with 11 impressions; 66 of 73 trees with 12 impressions) of trees sampled during 1996. Damage management programs should target female bears rather than indiscriminately applied to all bear age-gender classes. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Long Isl Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Shirley, NY 11967 USA. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Snoqualmie, WA 98065 USA. RP Stewart, WB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Long Isl Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, POB 21, Shirley, NY 11967 USA. EM Bill_Stewart@fws.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 EI 1879-0208 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2-3 BP 209 EP 212 AR PII S0964-8305(01)00106-8 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00106-8 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 546TL UT WOS:000175290200022 ER PT J AU McLean, RG Ubico, SR Bourne, D Komar, N AF McLean, RG Ubico, SR Bourne, D Komar, N TI West Nile virus in livestock and wildlife SO JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS AND WEST NILE VIRUSES SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID NEW-YORK-CITY; HEMAGGLUTINATION-INHIBITING ANTIBODIES; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SPARROWS PASSER-DOMESTICUS; LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; SINDBIS VIRUSES C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. Univ London Royal Vet Coll, Wildlife Informat Network, London, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP McLean, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. NR 121 TC 83 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2002 VL 267 BP 271 EP 308 PG 38 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BU56U UT WOS:000176394500014 PM 12082994 ER PT J AU Cooch, EG Cam, E Link, W AF Cooch, EG Cam, E Link, W TI Occam's shadow: levels of analysis in evolutionary ecology - where to next? SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Review ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; NATURAL-SELECTION; HETEROGENEOUS POPULATIONS; CORRELATED CHARACTERS; GENETIC CORRELATIONS; SURVIVAL MODELS; MARKED ANIMALS; REACTION NORMS AB Evolutionary ecology is the study of evolutionary processes, and the ecological conditions that influence them. A fundamental paradigm underlying the study of evolution is natural selection. Although there are a variety of operational definitions for natural selection in the literature, perhaps the most general one is that which characterizes selection as the process whereby heritable variation in fitness associated with variation in one or more phenotypic traits leads to intergenerational change in the frequency distribution of those traits. The past 20 years have witnessed a marked increase in the precision and reliability of our ability to estimate one or more components of fitness and characterize natural selection in wild populations, owing particularly to significant advances in methods for analysis of data from marked individuals. In this paper, we focus on several issues that we believe are important considerations for the application and development of these methods in the context of addressing questions in evolutionary ecology. First, our traditional approach to estimation often rests upon analysis of aggregates of individuals, which in the wild may reflect increasingly non-random (selected) samples with respect to the trait(s) of interest. In some cases, analysis at the aggregate level, rather than the individual level, may obscure important patterns. While there are a growing number of analytical tools available to estimate parameters at the individual level, and which can cope (to varying degrees) with progressive selection of the sample, the advent of new methods does not reduce the need to consider carefully the appropriate level of analysis in the first place. Estimation should be motivated a priori by strong theoretical analysis. Doing so provides clear guidance, in terms of both (i) assisting in the identification of realistic and meaningful models to include in the candidate model set, and (ii) providing the appropriate context under which the results are interpreted. Second, while it is true that selection (as defined) operates at the level of the individual, the selection gradient is often (if not generally) conditional on the abundance of the population. As such, it may be important to consider estimating transition rates conditional on both the parameter values of the other individuals in the population (or at least their distribution), and population abundance. This will undoubtedly pose a considerable challenge, for both single-and multi-strata applications. It will also require renewed consideration of the estimation of abundance, especially for open populations. Thirdly, selection typically operates on dynamic, individually varying traits. Such estimation may require characterizing fitness in terms of individual plasticity in one or more state variables, constituting analysis of the norms of reaction of individuals to variable environments. This can be quit e complex, especially for traits that are under facultative control. Recent work has indicated that the pattern of selection on such traits is conditional on the relative rates of movement among and frequency of spatially heterogeneous habitats, suggesting analyses of evolution of life histories in open populations can be misleading in some cases. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Laurel, MD USA. RP Cooch, EG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 139 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 EI 1360-0532 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 19 EP 48 DI 10.1080/02664760120108421 PG 30 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 511CT UT WOS:000173247600002 ER PT J AU Nichols, JD AF Nichols, JD TI Discussion comments on: 'Occam's shadow: levels of analysis in evolutionary ecology - where to next?' by Cooch, Cam and Link SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 49 EP 52 DI 10.1080/02664760120108449 PG 4 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 511CT UT WOS:000173247600003 ER PT J AU Conroy, MJ Senar, JC Domenech, J AF Conroy, MJ Senar, JC Domenech, J TI Analysis of individual-and time-specific covariate effects on survival of Serinus serinus in north-eastern Spain SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article ID TIT PARUS-MONTANUS; FATTENING STRATEGIES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FLUCTUATIONS; PASSERINES; BRITAIN; FLOCKS; BIRDS; RATES; MARK AB We developed models for the analysis of recapture data for 2678 serins (Serinus serinus) ringed in north-eastern Spain since 1985. We investigated several time- and individual-specific factors as potential predictors of overall mortality and dispersal patterns, and of gender and age differences in these patterns. Time-specific covariates included minimum daily temperature, days below freezing, and abundance of a strong competitor, siskins (Carduelis spinus) during winter, and maximum temperature and rainfall during summer. Individual covariates included body mass (i.e. body condition), and wing length (i.e. flying ability), and interactions between body mass and environmental factors. We found little support of a predictive relationship between environmental factors and survival, but good evidence of relationships between body mass and survival, especially for juveniles. Juvenile survival appears to vary in a curvilinear manner with increasing mass, suggesting that there may exist an optimal mass beyond which increases are detrimental. The mass-survival relationship does seem to be influenced by at least one environmental factor, namely the abundance of wintering siskins. When siskins are abundant, increases in body mass appear to relate strongly to increasing survival. When siskin numbers are average or low the relationship is largely reversed, suggesting that the presence of strong competition mitigates the otherwise largely negative aspects of greater body mass. Wing length in juveniles also appears to be related positively to survival, perhaps largely due to the influence of a few unusually large juveniles with adult-like survival. Further work is needed to test these relationships, ideally under experimentation. C1 Univ Georgia, USGS, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Museu Zool, Barcelona, Spain. RP Conroy, MJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, USGS, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 125 EP 142 DI 10.1080/02664760120108674 PG 18 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 511CT UT WOS:000173247600010 ER PT J AU Cam, E Cadiou, B Hines, JE Monnat, JY AF Cam, E Cadiou, B Hines, JE Monnat, JY TI Influence of behavioural tactics on recruitment and reproductive trajectory in the kittiwake SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; REGRESSION-ANALYSIS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; QUEUING STRATEGIES; HABITAT SELECTION; SURVIVAL RATES; MIXED MODELS; HETEROGENEITY AB Many studies have provided evidence that, in birds, inexperienced breeders have a lower probability of breeding successfully. This is often explained by lack of skills and knowledge, and sometimes late laying dates in the first breeding attempt. There is growing evidence that in many species with defer red reproduction, some prebreeders attend breeding places, acquire territories and for m pairs. Several behavioural tactics assumed to be associated with territory acquisition have been described in different species. These tactics may influence the probability of recruiting in the breeding segment of the population, age of first breeding, and reproductive success in the first breeding attempt. Here we addressed the influence of behaviour ('squatting') during the prebreeding period on demographic parameters (survival and recruitment probability) in a long-lived colonial seabird species: the kittiwake. We also investigated the influence of behaviour on reproductive trajectory. Squatters have a higher survival and recruitment probability, and a higher probability of breeding successfully in the first breeding attempt in all age-classes where this category is represented. The influence of behaviour is mainly expressed in the first reproduction. However, there is a relationship between breeding success in the first occasion and subsequent occasions. The influence of breeding success in the first breeding attempt on the rest of the trajectory may indirectly reflect the influence of behaviour on breeding success in the first occasion. The shape of the reproductive trajectory is influenced by behaviour and age of first breeding. There is substantial individual variation from the mean reproductive trajectory, which is accounted for by heterogeneity in performance among individuals in the first attempt, but there is no evidence of individual heterogeneity in the rate of change over time in performance in subsequent breeding occasions. C1 Univ Bretagne Occidentale, Lab Biol Anim, F-29285 Brest, France. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. Bretagne Vivante Soc Etud & Protect Nat Bretagne, F-29276 Brest, France. Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR ECOBIO 6553, F-35042 Rennes, France. RP Cam, E (reprint author), Univ Bretagne Occidentale, Lab Biol Anim, F-29285 Brest, France. NR 66 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 163 EP 185 DI 10.1080/02664760120108502 PG 23 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 511CT UT WOS:000173247600012 ER PT J AU Link, WA Cooch, EG Cam, E AF Link, WA Cooch, EG Cam, E TI Model-based estimation of individual fitness SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article ID SELECTION AB Fitness is the currency of natural selection, a measure of the propagation rate of genotypes into future generations. Its various definitions have the common feature that they are functions of survival and fertility rates. At the individual level, the operative level for natural selection, these rates must be understood as latent features, genetically deter mined propensities existing at birth. This conception of rates requires that individual fitness be defined and estimated by consideration of the individual in a modelled relation to a g roup of similar individuals; the only alter native is to consider a sample of size one, unless a clone of identical individuals is available. We present hierarchical models describing individual heterogeneity in survival and fertility rates and allowing for associations between these rates at the individual level. We apply these models to an analysis of life histories of Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) observed at several colonies on the Brittany coast of France. We compare Bayesian estimation of the population distribution of individual fitness with estimation based on treating individual life histories in isolation, as samples of size one (e. g. McGraw & Caswell, 1996). C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Link, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 17 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 15 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 207 EP 224 PG 18 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 511CT UT WOS:000173247600014 ER PT J AU Burnham, KP White, GC AF Burnham, KP White, GC TI Evaluation of some random effects methodology applicable to bird ringing data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; EMPIRICAL BAYES METHODS; MARKED ANIMALS; POPULATION; SURVIVAL; SELECTION AB Existing models for ring recovery and recapture data analysis treat temporal variations in annual survival probability (S) as fixed e ects. Often there is no explainable structure to the temporal variation in S-1,..., S-k; random e ects can then be a useful model: S-i = E( S) + epsilon(i). Here, the temporal variation in survival probability is treated as random with average value E(epsilon(2)) sigma(2). This random e ects model can now be fit in program MARK. Resultant inferences include point and interval estimation for process variation, sigma(2), estimation of E(S) and var((E) over cap (S)) where the latter includes a component for sigma(2) as well as the traditional component for (v) over bar ar( (S) over cap\(S) over cap). Furthermore, the random e ects model leads to shrinkage estimates, (S) over tilde (i), as improved (in mean square error) estimators of S-i compared to the MLE, (S) over cap (i), from the unrestricted time-e ects model. Appropriate confidence intervals based on the (S) over tilde (i) are also provided. In addition, AIC has been generalized to random e ects models. This paper presents results of a Monte Carlo evaluation of inference performance under the simple random e ects model. Examined by simulation, under the simple one group Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) model, are issues such as bias of (sigma) over cap (2), confidence interval coverage on sigma(2), coverage and mean square error comparisons for inference about S-i based on shrinkage versus maximum likelihood estimators, and performance of AIC model selection over three models: S-i =S (no e ects), S-i = E(S) + epsilon(i) (random e ects), and S-1,...,S-k (fixed e ects). For the cases simulated, the random e ects methods performed well and were uniformly better than fixed e ects MLE for the S-i. C1 Colorado State Univ, USGS, BRD, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Burnham, KP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, USGS, BRD, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 201 Wagar Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 33 TC 117 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 EI 1360-0532 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 245 EP 264 DI 10.1080/02664760120108755 PG 20 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 511CT UT WOS:000173247600018 ER PT J AU Johnson, DH AF Johnson, DH TI Discussion comments on 'Evaluation of some random effects methodology applicable to bird ringing data' by Burnham & White SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USGS No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Johnson, DH (reprint author), USGS No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 265 EP 266 DI 10.1080/02664760120108728 PG 2 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 511CT UT WOS:000173247600019 ER PT J AU Royle, JA Link, WA AF Royle, JA Link, WA TI Random effects and shrinkage estimation in capture-recapture models SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article ID MIXED LINEAR-MODELS; RING-RECOVERY DATA; BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; PROBABILITIES; POPULATION; INFERENCE; SURVIVAL; ANIMALS AB We discuss the analysis of random e ects in capture-recapture models, and outline Bayesian and frequentists approaches to their analysis. Under a nor mal model, random e ects estimators derived from Bayesian or frequentist considerations have a common for m as shrinkage estimators. We discuss some of the difficulties of analysing random e ects using traditional methods, and argue that a Bayesian formulation provides a rigorous framework for dealing with these difficulties. In capture-recapture models, random e ects may provide a parsimonious compromise between constant and completely time-dependent models for the parameters (e. g. survival probability). We consider application of random e ects to band-recovery models, although the principles apply to more general situations, such as Cormack-Jolly-Seber models. We illustrate these ideas using a commonly analysed band recovery data set. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 329 EP 351 DI 10.1080/02664760120108746 PG 23 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 511CT UT WOS:000173247600024 ER PT J AU Spendelow, JA Nichols, JD Hines, JE Lebreton, JD Pradel, R AF Spendelow, JA Nichols, JD Hines, JE Lebreton, JD Pradel, R TI Modelling postfledging survival and age-specific c breeding probabilities in species with delayed maturity: a case study of Roseate Terns at Falkner Island, Connecticut SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; HERRING GULL LARUS; VERTEBRATE POPULATIONS; STERNA-DOUGALLII; ROBUST DESIGN; RATES; RECRUITMENT; RESIGHTINGS; ARGENTATUS; HYPOTHESES AB We modelled postfledging survival and age-specific breeding probabilities in endangered Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii) at Falkner Island, Connecticut, USA using capture-recapture data from 1988-1998 of birds ringed as chicks and as adults. While no individuals bred as 2-year-olds during this period, about three-quarters of the young that survived and returned as 3-year-olds nested, and virtually all surviving birds had begun breeding by the time they reached 5 years of age. We found no evidence of temporal variation age of first breeding of birds from di erent cohorts. There was significant temporal variation in the annual survival of adults and the survival over the typical 3-year maturation period of prebreeding birds, with extremely low values for both groups from the 1991 breeding season. The estimated overwinter survival rate (0.62) for adults from 1991-1992 was about three-quarters the usual rate of about 0.83, but the low survival of fledglings from 1991 resulted in less than 25% of the otherwise expected number of young from that cohort returning as breeding birds; this suggests that fledglings su ered a greater proportional decrease in survival than did adults. The survival estimates of young from 1989 and 1990 show that these cohorts were not negatively influenced by the events that decimated the young from 1991, and the young from 1992 and 1993 had above-average survival estimates. The apparent decrease since 1996 in development of fidelity of new recruits to this site is suspected to be due mainly to nocturnal disturbance and predation of chicks causing low productivity. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. CNRS, CEFE, F-75700 Paris, France. RP Spendelow, JA (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RI PRADEL, Roger/A-8666-2008 NR 62 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 9 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 385 EP 405 DI 10.1080/02664760120108764 PG 21 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 511CT UT WOS:000173247600028 ER PT J AU Senar, JC Conroy, MJ Borras, A AF Senar, JC Conroy, MJ Borras, A TI Asymmetric exchange between populations differing in habitat quality: a metapopulation study on the citril finch SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSAL; PYRENEES; BIOLOGY; SINKS; SEEDS; BIRDS AB The citril finch (Serinus citrinella) is a Cardueline finch restricted to the high mountains of western Europe. Since 1991 we have captured-recaptured about 6000 birds in two contrasting subpopulations located on the same mountain but separated by 5 km in distance. Citril finches, at the north-facing locality (La Vansa), rely more on Pine trees (Pinus uncinata) as their main food source, than birds at the south-facing locality (La Bofia), which rely more on herb seeds, which are of lower energetic content. Birds at La Vansa had higher body mass and fat score than those at La Bofia, suggesting that La Vansa was a site of higher-quality than La Bofia. By the use of a metapopulation approach and multistate models, we found that citril finches at the high-quality locality (La Vansa) showed higher survival rates than those at the low-quality one (La Bora) (Vansa adults: phi = 0.42 +/- 0.04, juveniles: phi = 0.34 +/- 0.05; Bofia adults: phi = 0.35 +/- 0.04, juveniles: phi = 0.28 +/- 0.05). Dispersal was also asymmetric and higher for juvenile birds, with movement rates for juvenile citril finches from the low-quality to the higher-quality locality (Bofia to Vansa: psi = 0.38 +/- 0.10) higher than the reverse (Vansa to Bofia: psi = 0.09 +/- 0.03). We also investigated time-specific factors (e.g. meteorological data and fructification rate of Pinus) as potential predictors of overall mortality and dispersal patterns. The results do not allow strong conclusions regarding the impact of these f actors on survival and movement rates. Patterns of movement found in the Citril Finch between localities document a new model for the dispersal of species from low to high quality habitats, which we label of 'sources and pools'. This contrasts with currently accepted models of 'sources and sinks', in which movement is from high to low quality habitats, and 'Ideal Free Distributions', in which there is a balanced dispersal between habitats of di erent quality. C1 Museum Zool, Barcelona 08003, Spain. Univ Georgia, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Senar, JC (reprint author), Museum Zool, P Picasso S-N,Parc Ciutadella, Barcelona 08003, Spain. EM jcsenar@intercom.es NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 EI 1360-0532 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 425 EP 441 DI 10.1080/02664760120108791 PG 17 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 511CT UT WOS:000173247600030 ER PT J AU Conroy, MJ AF Conroy, MJ TI Real and quasi-experiments in capture-recapture studies: suggestions for advancing the state of the art SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Georgia, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Conroy, MJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 475 EP 477 DI 10.1080/02664760120108520 PG 3 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 511CT UT WOS:000173247600033 ER PT J AU Otis, DL White, GC AF Otis, DL White, GC TI Re-analysis of a banding study to test the effects of an experimental increase in bag limits of mourning doves SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article ID ANNUAL SURVIVAL; RATES; POPULATIONS AB In 1966-1971, eastern US states with hunting seasons on mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) participated in a study designed to estimate the effects of bag limit increases on population survival rates. More than 400 000 adult and juvenile birds were banded and released during this period, and subsequent harvest and return of bands, together with total harvest estimates from mail and telephone surveys of hunters, provided the database for analysis. The original analysis used an ANOVA framework, and resulted in inferences of no effect of bag limit increase on population parameters (Hayne 1975). We used a logistic regression analysis to infer that the bag limit increase did not cause a biologically significant increase in harvest rate and thus the experiment could not provide any insight into the relationship between harvest and annual survival rates. Harvest rate estimates of breeding populations from geographical subregions were used as covariates in a Program MARK analysis and revealed an association between annual survival and harvest rates, although this relationship is potentially confounded by a latitudinal gradient in survival rates of dove populations. We discuss methodological problems encountered in the analysis of these data, and provide recommendations for future studies of the relationship between harvest and annual survival rates of mourning dove populations. C1 Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Otis, DL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 479 EP 495 DI 10.1080/02664760120108539 PG 17 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 511CT UT WOS:000173247600034 ER PT J AU Nichols, JD Hines, JE AF Nichols, JD Hines, JE TI Approaches for the direct estimation of lambda, and demographic contributions to lambda, using capture-recapture data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; TABLE RESPONSE EXPERIMENTS; POLLOCKS ROBUST DESIGN; ANNUAL SURVIVAL RATES; MARK-RECAPTURE; UNEQUAL CATCHABILITY; ANIMAL POPULATIONS; SAMPLING-VARIANCE; MAYFIELD METHOD; RECOVERY DATA AB We first consider the estimation of the finite rate of population increase or population growth rate, lambda(i), using capture-recapture data from open populations. We review estimation and modelling of lambda(i) under three main approaches to modelling open-population data: the classic approach of Jolly (1965) and Seber (1965), the super population approach of Crosbie & Manly (1985) and Schwarz & Arnason (1996), and the temporal symmetry approach of Pradel (1996). Next, we consider the contributions of different demographic components to lambda(i) using a probabilistic approach based on the composition of the population at time i + 1 (Nichols et al., 2000b). The parameters of interest are identical to the seniority parameters, gamma(i), of Pradel (1996). We review estimation of gamma(i) under the classic, superpopulation, and temporal symmetry approaches. We then compare these direct estimation approaches for lambda(i) and gamma(i) with analogues computed using projection matrix asymptotics. We also discuss various extensions of the estimation approaches to multistate applications and to joint likelihoods involving multiple data types. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 97 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 5 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 EI 1360-0532 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 539 EP 568 DI 10.1080/02664760120108809 PG 30 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 511CT UT WOS:000173247600038 ER PT J AU Hines, JE Nichols, JD AF Hines, JE Nichols, JD TI Investigations of potential bias in the estimation of lambda using Pradel's (1996) model for capture-recapture data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article ID UNEQUAL CATCHABILITY; POPULATION; SURVIVAL AB Pradel's (1996) temporal symmetry model permitting direct estimation and modelling of population growth rate, lambda(i), provides a potentially useful tool for the study of population dynamics using marked animals. Because of its recent publication date, the approach has not seen much use, and there have been virtually no investigations directed at robustness of the resulting estimators. Here we consider several potential sources of bias, all motivated by specific uses of this estimation approach. We consider sampling situations in which the study area expands with time and present an analytic expression for the bias in (λ) over cap (i) We next consider trap response in capture probabilities and heterogeneous capture probabilities and compute large-sample and simulation-based approximations of resulting bias in (λ) over cap (i). These approximations indicate that trap response is an especially important assumption violation that can produce substantial bias. Finally, we consider losses on capture and emphasize the importance of selecting the estimator for lambda(i) that is appropriate to the question being addressed. For studies based on only sighting and resighting data, Pradel's (1996) (λ) over cap (i) is the appropriate estimator. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Hines, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 18 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 11 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 573 EP 587 DI 10.1080/02664760120108872 PG 15 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 511CT UT WOS:000173247600040 ER PT J AU Dreitz, VJ Nichols, JD Hines, JE Bennetts, RE Kitchens, WM Deangelis, DL AF Dreitz, VJ Nichols, JD Hines, JE Bennetts, RE Kitchens, WM Deangelis, DL TI The use of resighting data to estimate the rate of population growth of the snail kite in Florida SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-MARK-RECAPTURE; SURVIVAL; DEMOGRAPHY; PATTERNS; ANIMALS; DESIGN; ROBUST; MODEL AB The rate of population growth (lambda) is an important demographic parameter used to assess the viability of a population and to develop management and conservation agendas. We examined the use of resighting data to estimate lambda for the snail kite population in Florida from 1997-2000. The analyses consisted of (1) a robust design approach that derives an estimate of lambda from estimates of population size and (2) the Pradel (1996) temporal symmetry (TSM) approach that directly estimates lambda using an open-population capture-recapture model. Besides resighting data, both approaches required information on the number of unmarked individuals that were sighted during the sampling periods. The point estimates of lambda differed between the robust design and TSM approaches, but the 95% confidence intervals overlapped substantially. We believe the differences may be the result of sparse data and do not indicate the inappropriateness of either modelling technique. We focused on the results of the robust design because this approach provided estimates for all study years. Variation among these estimates was smaller than levels of variation among ad hoc estimates based on previously reported index statistics. We recommend that lambda of snail kites be estimated using capture-resighting methods rather than ad hoc counts. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Stn Biol Tour Valat, F-13200 Arles, France. Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Dreitz, VJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM vdreitz@nrel.colostate.edu NR 47 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 EI 1360-0532 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 609 EP 623 DI 10.1080/02664760120108854 PG 15 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 511CT UT WOS:000173247600042 ER PT J AU Glazier, DS Eckert, SE AF Glazier, DS Eckert, SE TI Competitive ability, body size and geographical range size in small mammals SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE behavioural dominance; competition; congeneric species; geographical range size; mammals; meta-analysis ID INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; APODEMUS-FLAVICOLLIS; HABITAT SELECTION; BEHAVIORAL INTERACTIONS; ALTITUDINAL ZONATION; CHIPMUNKS EUTAMIAS; PREDICTIVE THEORY; LOCAL ABUNDANCE; COEXISTENCE; DISPERSAL AB Aim Why are some species widespread and abundant while others are restricted and rare? Darwin (1859) and others have claimed that some species have become widespread because they are competitively dominant over related, geographically restricted species. An alternative hypothesis is that wide-ranging species are ecological generalists that have been able to opportunistically colonize many kinds of new, disturbed and/or marginal habitats, whereas related narrow-ranging species are ecological specialists that competitively dominate specific kinds of relatively stable habitats/resources. We tested these opposing hypotheses using small mammals, for which considerable data on competitive interactions and geographical range sizes are available. Location North America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. Methods We analysed data for forty-three competitive interactions between congeneric species in twenty genera, seven families, and four orders of small mammals. Competitive dominance was identified from both field and laboratory experiments, which were lumped because they showed similar results. Results We found that (1) when all studies were analysed as individual data points, species with smaller geographical ranges tended to be dominant over congeneric species with larger geographical ranges, (2) lumping of interaction pairs sharing one or more of the same species yielded a similar result, (3) lumping all interactions involving the same genus also showed the same result, although it was not statistically significant, probably because of the small sample size resulting from this attempt to remove phylogenetic effects. Examination of the taxonomic relationships of the studied genera revealed no obvious phylogenetic effects on the relationship of competitive dominance with geographical range size. Furthermore, although body-size differences appeared to have played a role in the results observed, they cannot completely explain them. Main conclusions We tentatively conclude that Darwin's hypothesis is falsified for small mammals, while the alternative hypothesis that geographically restricted species are competitively dominant over related widespread species receives some support. C1 Juniata Coll, Brumbaugh Sci Ctr, Dept Biol, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Las Vegas Field Stn, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Glazier, DS (reprint author), Juniata Coll, Brumbaugh Sci Ctr, Dept Biol, 1700 Moore St, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. NR 127 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00646.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 522WJ UT WOS:000173919700007 ER PT J AU Bates, AL Orem, WH Harvey, JW Spiker, EC AF Bates, AL Orem, WH Harvey, JW Spiker, EC TI Tracing sources of sulfur in the Florida Everglades SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN EVERGLADES; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; TROPHIC GRADIENT; MERCURY; NUTRIENTS; SYSTEM; SOIL AB We examined concentrations and sulfur isotopic ratios (S-34/S-32, expressed as delta(34)S in parts per thousand [parts per thousand] units) of sulfate in surface water, ground water, and rain water from sites throughout the northern Everglades to establish the sources of sulfur to the ecosystem. The geochemistry of sulfur is of particular interest in the Everglades because of its link, through processes mediated by sulfate-reducing bacteria, to the production of toxic methylmercury in this wetland ecosystem. Methylmercury, a neurotoxin that is bioaccumulated, has been found in high concentrations in freshwater fish from the Everglades, and poses a potential threat to fish-eating wildlife and to human health through fish consumption. Results show that surface water in large portions of the Everglades is heavily contaminated with sulfate, with the highest concentrations observed in canals and marsh areas receiving canal discharge. Spatial patterns in the range of concentrations and delta(34)S values of sulfate in surface water indicate that the major source of sulfate in sulfur-contaminated marshes is water from canals draining the Everglades Agricultural Area. Shallow ground water underlying the Everglades and rain water samples had much lower sulfate concentrations and delta(34)S values distinct from those found in surface water. The delta(34)S results implicate agricultural fertilizer as a major contributor to the sulfate contaminating the Everglades, but ground water under the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) may also be a contributing source. The contamination of the northern Everglades with sulfate from canal discharge may be a key factor in controlling the distribution and extent of methylmercury production in the Everglades. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Bates, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 NR 41 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 31 IS 1 BP 287 EP 299 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 515FG UT WOS:000173484300033 PM 11837434 ER PT J AU Friedlander, AM Parrish, JD DeFelice, RC AF Friedlander, AM Parrish, JD DeFelice, RC TI Ecology of the introduced snapper Lutjanus kasmira (Forsskal) in the reef fish assemblage of a Hawaiian bay SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; distribution; Hanalei Bay; interactions; movement; tagging ID CORAL-REEF; COMMUNITIES; DYNAMICS; ISLANDS; GROWTH AB Since its first introduction in 1955, the snapper Lutjanus kasmira (taape) has developed large populations in shallow coastal waters of Hawaii. Visual abundance estimates and trap catches of taape were different between the main habitat types of the reef. Overall, taape was the second most abundant species by numbers and biomass over a hard substratum and was patchily distributed, even within habitat type. The largest individuals occurred singly or in small groups on shallow reef slopes; on the deep slopes and in spur-and-groove habitat, taape occurred in larger groups of smaller sized fish. Catches in fish traps showed a negative relationship with the complexity of the adjacent natural substratum, suggesting that traps are more productive where they offer additional cover in areas with less natural cover. In an areas in which traps were used, from fringing reef to open sand, the catch was dominated by taape. Tagging confirmed the theory that taape tend to maintain a limited range over long periods. Tagging results also indicated occasional long-range movements among major habitats and provided data confirming patterns of movement between reef habitat by day and sand habitat by night. Taape collected over open sand substratum by trap and by hook-and-line were smaller than those collected by the same means at the reef. Observations and collections suggested an ontogenetic trend in habitat use by taape from initial settlement in fringe areas toward ultimate residence on the main reef. Other common fish species in the reef assemblages were tested for statistical associations with taape. Although several positive species associations were found, multivariate analysis did not reveal patterns that indicated strong ecological relationships. C1 Ocean Inst, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. Univ Hawaii, US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Friedlander, AM (reprint author), Ocean Inst, Makapuu Point 41-202,Kalanianaole Highway, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 60 IS 1 BP 28 EP 48 DI 10.1006/jfbi.2001.1808 PG 21 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 519VC UT WOS:000173745300004 ER PT J AU Krause, AE Hayes, DB Bence, JR Madenjian, CP Stedman, RM AF Krause, AE Hayes, DB Bence, JR Madenjian, CP Stedman, RM TI Measurement error associated with surveys of fish abundance in Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE measurement error; measurement variability; fish surveys; bottom trawls; Lake Michigan ID ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; THERMAL HABITAT; STOCK; UNCERTAINTY; RECRUITMENT AB In fisheries, imprecise measurements in catch data from surveys add uncertainty to the results of fishery stock assessments. The USGS Great Lakes Science Center (GLSC) began to survey the fall fish community of Lake Michigan in 1962 with bottom trawls. The measurement error was evaluated at the level of individual tows for nine fish species collected in this survey by applying a measurement error regression model to replicated trawl data. It was found that the estimates of measurement-error variance ranged from 0.37 (deepwater sculpin, Myoxocephalus thompsoni) to 1.23 (alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus) on a logarithmic scale corresponding to a coefficient of variation = 66 to 156%. The estimates appeared to increase with the range of temperature occupied by the fish species. This association may be a result of the variability in the fall thermal structure of the lake. The estimates may also be influenced by other factors, such as pelagic behavior and schooling. Measurement error might be reduced by surveying the fish community during other seasons and/or by using additional technologies, such as acoustics. Measurement-error estimates should be considered when interpreting results of assessments that use abundance information from USGS-GLSC surveys of Lake Michigan and could be used if the survey design was altered. This study is the first to report estimates of measurement-error variance associated with this survey. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Krause, AE (reprint author), Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, 2100 Commonwealth Blvd,Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 1 BP 44 EP 51 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 534LG UT WOS:000174587400005 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA AF Stapanian, MA TI Interspecific interactions, habitat use, and management of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) in the laurentian Great Lakes: An introduction SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; PENOBSCOT RIVER; DIVING PATTERNS; PRODUCTIVITY; POPULATION; ESTUARY; ONTARIO; MAINE; DIET C1 US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 48 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 2 BP 119 EP 124 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 566JN UT WOS:000176424300002 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Bur, MT Tyson, JT Seamans, TW Blackwell, BF AF Stapanian, MA Bur, MT Tyson, JT Seamans, TW Blackwell, BF TI Foraging locations of double-crested cormorants on western Lake Erie: Site characteristics and spatial associations with prey fish densities SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Great-Lakes-Research (IAGLR 2001) CY JUN 12, 2001 CL LAURENTIAN, CANADA SP Int Assoc Great Lakes Res ID SHAGS PHALACROCORAX-ARISTOTELIS; MULTIVARIATE SKEWNESS; DIVING PATTERNS; GREAT-LAKES; SEABIRDS; AURITUS; PRODUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; POPULATION; KURTOSIS AB Radio-tagged double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) nesting on Middle Island, Ontario and unmarked cormorants in the western basin of Lake Erie were monitored in 1999. Radio-tagged cormorants were located by aircraft and by boat along regular survey routes. In addition, foraging flocks of radio-tagged and unmarked cormorants were located during the boat surveys. Approximately 79% of foraging radio-tagged individuals, and approximately 65% of all foraging flocks it,ere observed within 2.5 kin of shore. these percentages were greater than expected, based on the percentage of the area of water within 2.5 km of shore. All size classes of flocks examined were found more frequently than expected on water:5 10 in deep. Trawling data collected annually from 1988 to 1999 during the month of August were used to determine the historical distributions of the four fish species found to comprise the majority, of the diet of cormorants in the area. August corresponded to a period when there is maximal overlap in the diets of cormorants and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) in the area and when the number of foraging cormorants in the area is large. Flocks of cormorants of all size classes examined were not found proportionately more in regions that contained higher than the historical median annual catches of any of the four prey species. These results, coupled with previous bioenergetics studies, suggest that the impact of cormorants on the fishery, of the western basin of Lake Erie is localized with respect to depth and distance from shore. C1 US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. Ohio Div Wildlife, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. USDA, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 54 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 2 BP 155 EP 171 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 566JN UT WOS:000176424300005 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Bur, MT AF Stapanian, MA Bur, MT TI Overlap in offshore habitat use by double-crested cormorants and boaters in western Lake Erie SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Great-Lakes-Research (IAGLR 2001) CY JUN 12, 2001 CL LAURENTIAN, CANADA SP Int Assoc Great Lakes Res DE Phalacrocorax auritus; cormorant; Lake Erie; foraging locations; boat traffic ID SHAGS PHALACROCORAX-ARISTOTELIS; GREAT-LAKES; POPULATION; AURITUS; DIET AB Double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and boats of 2 length classes (less than or equal to 8 in and > 8 m) were counted from a boat along 31 established strip transects in western Lake Erie from 24 April to I September 2000. Each transect included only one of the following habitats: (1) offshore of a breeding island or roosting/loafing area for cormorants ("refuge"), (2) reefs or shoals, (3) open water, or (4) offshore of an island shoreline that had evidence of development by humans. Foraging cormorants were recorded most often offshore of refuges and least often on open water. There was no difference between the numbers of foraging cormorants/km(2) recorded offshore of developed shorelines and on reefs and shoals. More than half of all boats recorded were on transects that were within I kin of developed shorelines. Among those transects > I km from developed shorelines, there were no differences among the habitats for the number of boats of either length class. The respective ranks of the 31 transect means of the numbers of cormorants/km(2) and the numbers of boats/km(2) in either length class were uncorrelated. The results suggest that (1) cormorants select foraging habitats based mainly on shoreline type, distance from shoreline, and depth, and (2) the amount of boat traffic is influenced by proximity to port and trip objectives, including sport angling and recreational boating. Although there is overlap in habitat use by cormorants and humans, this overlap is not complete. The perception of cormorants as a threat to fish populations may in part be due to this overlap. C1 US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 2 BP 172 EP 181 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 566JN UT WOS:000176424300006 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH Ross, RM McCullough, RD AF Johnson, JH Ross, RM McCullough, RD TI Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario: A review of nine years of double-crested cormorant diet and fish consumption information SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Great-Lakes-Research (IAGLR 2001) CY JUN 12, 2001 CL LAURENTIAN, CANADA SP Int Assoc Great Lakes Res DE double-crested cormorants; Phalacrocorax auritus; diet; fish consumption; Lake Ontario; Little Galloo Island ID PELLETS; HABITS; PREY AB The diet of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) on Little Galloo Island (LGI) in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario has been quantified since 1992. Over the past nine years considerable information has been generated on cormorant feeding ecology, through the examination of approximately, 12,000 pellets collected on LGI, where three distinct cormorant feeding periods, pre-chick, chick, and post-chick, are delineated by, differences in diet composition and daily, fish consumption. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were the major prey during pre-chick and post-chick feeding periods. Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), which move inshore to spawn in mid-June, dominated (>60%) cormorant diets during the chick feeding period. Mean daily, fish consumption (14.6) during the pre-chick feeding period was significantly, greater than during the chick feeding (9.3) or post-chick feeding (8.0) periods. The proportion of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the diet increased over the season (0.8% to 7.2%), while the size of bass consumed declined (214 nun to 143 mm). Forage fish (mainly, alewife, three-spine sticklebacks [Gasterosteus aculeatus] and minnows) comprised 58% of the diet of LGI cormorants, followed by, panfish (37%) (yellow perch, pumpkinseed [Lepomis gibbosus], rock bass [Ambloplites rupestris]) and gamefish (5%) (mostly, smallmouth bass). On the average LGI cormorants consumed about 32.8 million fish annually,, weighing about 1.4 million kilograms. Cormorants from LGI consumed more biomass of smallmouth bass and yellow perch annually, than is taken by, sport (bass and bellow perch) and commercial (perch) fishermen. C1 US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Watertown, NY 13601 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. NR 41 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 2 BP 182 EP 192 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 566JN UT WOS:000176424300007 ER PT J AU Lantry, BF Eckert, TH Schneider, CP Chrisman, JR AF Lantry, BF Eckert, TH Schneider, CP Chrisman, JR TI The relationship between the abundance of smallmouth bass and double-crested cormorants in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Great-Lakes-Research (IAGLR 2001) CY JUN 12, 2001 CL LAURENTIAN, CANADA SP Int Assoc Great Lakes Res DE smallmouth bass; cormorants; piscivory; Lake Ontario; age-specific predation AB Available population and diet data on double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) and small mouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) numbers, demographics, and exploitation rates were synthesized to examine the relationship between cormorant and smallmouth bass abundance in the U.S. waters of the eastern basin of Lake Ontario. It was found that after the number of comorants nesting oil Little Galloo Island in New York exceeded 3,500 pairs in 1989, survival of young smallmouth bass, not yet of legal size for the sport harvest (< 305 mm), began to decline. Despite production of strong year classes in 1987 and 1988, abundance of smallmouth bass measured from gill net surveys declined to its lowest level by 1995 and remained there through 1998. Stable or increasing catch and harvest rates in other local fisheries along the U.S. shore suggested that declines in smallmouth bass abundance in the eastern basin were not related to water quality. Stable or increasing growth rates for smallmouth bass age 2 and older since the 1980s further indicated that food resource limitation was also not the cause for declines in abundance. Comparisons of estimates of Size and age-specific predation on smallmouth bass by comorants with projected smallmouth bass population size indicated that much of the increased mortality on young smallmouth bass, could be explained by cormorant predation. C1 NYSDEC, Cape Vincent Fisheries Stn, Cape Vincent, NY 13618 USA. RP Lantry, BF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. NR 20 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 2 BP 193 EP 201 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 566JN UT WOS:000176424300008 ER PT J AU Burnett, JAD Ringler, NH Lantry, BF Johnson, JH AF Burnett, JAD Ringler, NH Lantry, BF Johnson, JH TI Double-crested cormorant predation on yellow perch in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Great-Lakes-Research (IAGLR 2001) CY JUN 12, 2001 CL LAURENTIAN, CANADA SP Int Assoc Great Lakes Res DE yellow perch; double-crested cormorant; Lake Ontario; piscivory ID PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; FISH COMMUNITY; CONSUMPTION; PREY; OTOLITHS; EMPHASIS; HABITS AB Previous work indicated that the abundance of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario declined from 1976 to 1999 despite production of moderate to strong year classes each year during 1991 through 1995. Adult perch stock size failed to increase because of accelerated mortality after the first fall of life. Increases in mortality coincided with a number of ecosystem changes including increased abundance of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus). Otoliths obtained from cormorant pellets collected on Little Galloo Island were used to examine the size and age of perch consumed by cormorants during 1993 to 1994 and 1996 to 1999. Size and age specific diet composition, combined with existing estimates of yellow perch consumed annually by cormorants were compared to perch population projections to evaluate the potential for this new form of predation to induce observed population trends. Perch stock abundance was projected using a range of standing stock estimates front the literature partitioned with age composition data front the eastern basin population. The total length of perch consumed by cormorants ranged from 59 to 236 mm, the majority of which were age-1 (48%), age-2 (20%), and age-3 (20%). Comparisons of age structured predation by cormorants and perch population projections indicated that cormorant predation reduced age-3 perch abundance most. At a high estimate of 65 kg/ha, cormorants it,ere capable of consuming 29% of the age-3 perch stock. This analysis indicated that cormorant predation had the potential to play an important role in regulating perch population levels in the eastern basin during the 1990s. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Cape Vincent Fisheries Stn, Cape Vincent, NY 13618 USA. US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Burnett, JAD (reprint author), Lawler Matusky & Skelly Engineers LLP, 1 Blue Hill Plaza, Pearl River, NY 10965 USA. NR 42 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 2 BP 202 EP 211 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 566JN UT WOS:000176424300009 ER PT J AU Holtschlag, DJ Koschik, JA AF Holtschlag, DJ Koschik, JA TI Flow distribution in selected branches of St. Clair and Detroit rivers SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE connecting channel; discharge; ADCP; regression; Monte Carlo; St. Clair River; Detroit River AB St. Clair and Detroit rivers, which are connecting channels between Lake Huron and Lake Erie in the Great Lakes basin, form part of the boundary between the state of Michigan and the province of Ontario. In 13 reaches, this flow divides locally around islands and dikes to form 31 branches. This study develops a set of simple linear regression equations for computing expected flow proportions in branches, generally as a function of the total flow within the reach. The equations are based on 533 acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements of flow obtained between 1996 and 2000. Root-mean-square errors of these regressions range from 0.00323 to 0.0895. In seven upstream reaches where flow is known because of flow specifications at the boundaries of the waterway and continuity constraints, the uncertainties of the flow proportions can be used to directly infer the uncertainties of the corresponding flows. In six downstream reaches, the uncertainties of flows are determined by both the uncertainties of the flow proportions and the uncertainties of the total flow in the reach. For these reaches, Monte Carlo simulations quantify the ratios of total uncertainty to flow proportion uncertainty, which range from 1.0026 to 13.984. To facilitate routine calculation, polynomial regression equations are developed to approximate these ratios as a function of flow. Results provide a mechanism for computing the magnitudes and uncertainties of steady-state flows within selected branches of the connecting channels by specifying inflows at the headwaters of St. Clair River, seven intervening tributaries, and Lake St. Clair. C1 US Geol Survey, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Detroit Dist, Detroit, MI 48226 USA. RP Holtschlag, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6520 Mercantile Way,Suite 5, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 3 BP 379 EP 395 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 597ZM UT WOS:000178250700007 ER PT J AU Fitzsimons, JD Perkins, DL Krueger, CC AF Fitzsimons, JD Perkins, DL Krueger, CC TI Sculpins and crayfish in lake trout spawning areas in Lake Ontario: Estimates of abundance and egg predation on lake trout eggs SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lake trout; sculpins; crayfish; predation; Lake Ontario ID SWIM-UP SYNDROME; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; SLIMY SCULPIN; ORCONECTES-VIRILIS; COTTUS-COGNATUS; MOTTLED SCULPIN; REPRODUCTION; FRY; COMPETITION; DYNAMICS AB Crayfish (Orconectes spp.) and sculpins (Cottus spp.) were collected at eight lake trout spawning reefs in Lake Ontario to assess abundance and potential to consume lake trout eggs. Abundance of crayfish ranged from a high of 9.5/m(2) in eastern Lake Ontario to 0/m(2) in western Lake Ontario where the absence or near absence at four reefs sampled was attributed to cold water upwelling. Sculpin abundance ranged from 4.2 to 50.1/m(2). Mean daily egg consumption (eggs/stomach) for sculpins 50 to 75 mm in length, ranged from 0 to 0.9 but differences among reefs were not significant. At one reef significantly more eggs (2.5 eggs/stomach) were consumed by large sculpins (>75 mm) than by small (44-49 mm) sculpins (0.2 eggs/stomach). Estimated egg consumption (eggs/stomach/m(2)) for sculpins >43 mm for the eight reefs for the period between estimated date of peak lake trout spawning and a standardized 30-d period post spawning, ranged from 0 to 496 eggs/m(2) consumed or from 0 to 54% of estimated egg abundance. No lake trout eggs were found in crayfish stomachs, because of their mode of feeding. Estimated egg consumption by crayfish was indirectly estimated from a relationship developed between carapace length and egg consumption using published literature and experimental work. Using this procedure, estimated egg consumption by crayfish for a standardized 30-d period after the date of peak spawning ranged from 0 to 65 eggs/m(2) consumed, or from 0 to 82% of potential egg abundance for the eight reefs. At low egg abundance (<100/m(2)), the density of crayfish and sculpin observed in Lake Ontario could result in sufficient egg consumption to cause almost 100% mortality of lake trout eggs. At higher egg abundance, however, mortality due to crayfish and sculpins appears to be relatively low. Deposition was sufficiently low at 5 of 8 sites to suggest the possible importance of sculpin and crayfish predation on lake trout recruitment failure in Lake Ontario. C1 Bayfield Inst, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Fitzsimons, JD (reprint author), Bayfield Inst, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, POB 5050,867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM fitzsimonsj@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 45 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 3 BP 421 EP 436 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 597ZM UT WOS:000178250700010 ER PT J AU Lofgren, BM Quinn, FH Clites, AH Assel, RA Eberhardt, AJ Luukkonen, CL AF Lofgren, BM Quinn, FH Clites, AH Assel, RA Eberhardt, AJ Luukkonen, CL TI Evaluation of potential impacts on Great Lakes water resources based on climate scenarios of two GCMs SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE climate change; water resources; lake levels; ice cover; model ID GREENHOUSE-GAS; CHANGE SIMULATION; MODEL AB The results of general circulation model predictions of the effects of climate change from the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis (model CGCM1) and the United Kingdom Meteorological Office's Hadley Centre (model HadCM2) have been used to derive potential impacts on the water resources of the Great Lakes basin. These impacts can influence the levels of the Great Lakes and the volumes of channel flow among them, thus affecting their value for interests such as riparians, shippers, recreational boaters, and natural ecosystems. On one hand, a hydrological modeling suite using input data from the CGCM1 predicts large drops in lake levels, up to a maximum of 1.38 m on Lakes Michigan and Huron by 2090. This is due to a combination of a decrease in precipitation and an increase in air temperature that leads to an increase in evaporation. On the other hand, using input from HadCM2, rises in lake levels are predicted, up to a maximum of 0.35 m on Lakes Michigan and Huron by 2090, due to increased precipitation and a reduced increase in air temperature. An interest satisfaction model shows sharp decreases in the satisfaction of the interests of commercial navigation, recreational boating, riparians, and hydropower due to lake level decreases. Most interest satisfaction scores are also reduced by lake level increases. Drastic reductions in ice cover also result from the temperature increases such that under the CGCM1 predictions, most of Lake Erie has 96% of its winters ice-free by 2090. Assessment is also made of impacts on the groundwater-dependent region of Lansing, Michigan. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. USA Corps Engineers, Orchard Pk, NY 14127 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. RP Lofgren, BM (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. OI Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 NR 37 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 39 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 4 BP 537 EP 554 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 635QV UT WOS:000180411100005 ER PT J AU Lai, C Baltzer, RA Schaffranek, RW AF Lai, C Baltzer, RA Schaffranek, RW TI Conservation-form equations of unsteady open-channel flow SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The unsteady open-channel flow equations are typically expressed in a variety of forms due to the imposition of differing assumptions, use of varied dependent variables, and inclusion of different source/sink terms. Questions often arise as to whether a particular equation set is expressed in a form consistent with the conservation-law definition. The concept of conservation form is developed to clarify the meaning mathematically. Six sets of unsteady-flow equations typically used in engineering practice are presented and their conservation properties are identified and discussed. Results of the theoretical development and analysis of the equations are substantiated in a set of numerical experiments conducted using alternate equation forms. Findings of these analytical and numerical efforts demonstrate that the choice of dependent variable is the fundamental factor determining the nature of the conservation properties of any particular equation form. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS 430, Reston, VA USA. RP Lai, C (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Hydrotech Res Inst, Taipei, Taiwan. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI MADRID PA PASEO BAJO VIRGEN DEL PUERTO, 3, 28005 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2002 VL 40 IS 5 BP 567 EP 578 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 613VX UT WOS:000179153100003 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Dettinger, MD AF McCabe, GJ Dettinger, MD TI Primary modes and predictability of year-to-year snowpack variations in the western United States from teleconnections with Pacific Ocean climate SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; ENSO TELECONNECTIONS; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION; STREAMFLOW; OSCILLATION; ANOMALIES; PATTERNS AB Snowpack, as measured on 1 April, is the primary source of warm-season streamflow for most of the western United States and thus represents an important source of water supply. An understanding of climate factors that influence the variability of this water supply and thus its predictability is important for water resource management. In this study, principal component analysis is used to identify the primary modes of 1 April snowpack variability in the western United States. Two components account for 61% of the total snowpack variability in the western United States. Relations between these modes of variability and indices of Pacific Ocean climate [e.g., the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and Nino-3 sea surface temperatures (SSTs)] are examined. The first mode of snowpack variability is closely associated with the PDO, whereas the second mode varies in concert with both the PDO and Nino-3 SSTs. Because these atmospheric-oceanic conditions change slowly from season to season, the observed teleconnections between the Pacific Ocean climate and 1 April snowpack may be useful to forecast 1 April snowpack using data that describe the Pacific Ocean climate in the previous summer and autumn seasons, especially for the northwestern United States. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 29 TC 132 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PY 2002 VL 3 IS 1 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0013:PMAPOY>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514CB UT WOS:000173418100002 ER PT J AU Healy, B Fend, S AF Healy, B Fend, S TI The occurrence of Mesenchytraeus (Enchytraeidae : Oligochaeta) in riffle habitats of north-west American rivers, with description of a new species SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE Enchytraeidae; Mesenchytraeus; new species; north-west America; rivers; riffle habitats AB Mesenchytraeus species are widespread and often abundant in rivers of northwest USA where they are associated with cobble-gravel beds in fast-running water and particularly with riffle habitats. Mesenchyraeus rhithralis n. sp. was the most frequent and was often the dominant macroinvertebrate. The species is characterized by the presence of primary septal glands at 3/4-5/6, short, stout vasa deferentia, absence of atria, atrial glands or accessory glands surrounding the penial bulbs, and free, long spermathecae without diverticula. The description of M. pedatus Eisen is amended. Failure to record enchytraeids from riffle habitats in the past may be due to a lack of familiarity with the family and the absence of suitable keys for identification. C1 Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Zool, Dublin 4, Ireland. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Healy, B (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Zool, Dublin 4, Ireland. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 36 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1080/713833842 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 502EV UT WOS:000172731500002 ER PT J AU Chipps, SR Bennett, DH AF Chipps, SR Bennett, DH TI Evaluation of a Mysis bioenergetics model SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; LARGEMOUTH BASS; MIXTA CRUSTACEA; RELICTA; CONSUMPTION; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; MYSIDACEA; MICHIGAN; LAKE AB Direct approaches for estimating the feeding rate of the opossum shrimp Mysis relicta can be hampered by variable gut residence time (evacuation rate models) and non-linear functional responses (clearance rate models). Bioenergetics modeling provides an alternative method, but the reliability of this approach needs to be evaluated using independent measures of growth and food consumption. In this study, we measured growth and food consumption for M. relicta and compared experimental results with those predicted from a Mysis bioenergetics model. For Mysis reared at 10degreesC, model predictions were not significantly different from observed values. Moreover, decomposition of mean square error indicated that 70% of the variation between model predictions and observed values was attributable to random error. On average, model predictions were within 12% of observed values. A sensitivity analysis revealed that Mysis respiration and prey energy density were the most sensitive parameters affecting model output. By accounting for uncertainty (95% CLs) in Mysis respiration, we observed a significant improvement in the accuracy of model output (within 5% of observed values), illustrating the importance of sensitive input parameters for model performance. These findings help corroborate the Mysis bioenergetics model and demonstrate the usefulness of this approach for estimating Mysis feeding rate. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Chipps, SR (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 77 EP 82 DI 10.1093/plankt/24.1.77 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 517XF UT WOS:000173635200008 ER PT J AU Faulds, JE Olson, EL Harlan, SS McIntosh, WC AF Faulds, JE Olson, EL Harlan, SS McIntosh, WC TI Miocene extension and fault related folding in the Highland Range, southern Nevada: a three-dimensional perspective SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE extension; accommodation zone; basin and range province; folding; Nevada ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; ANGLE NORMAL FAULTS; PEACH SPRINGS TUFF; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; NORTHWESTERN ARIZONA; DETACHMENT FAULT; UNITED-STATES; STRATIGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT; TERTIARY ROCKS; TRANSFER ZONES AB The Highland Range of southern Nevada contains a major anticline and syncline that constitute the westernmost segments of the Black Mountains accommodation zone in the highly extended Colorado River extensional corridor. The folds are defined by thick tilted sections of Miocene volcanic and sedimentary strata that accumulated immediately prior to and during regional extension. The folds are generally symmetrical, with interlimb angles that exceed 90degrees, subhorizontal hingelines, and steeply inclined axial surfaces. East- and west-dipping normal faults dominate the west- and east-tilted limbs of the folds, respectively. The limbs of the folds are parts of major half grabens. Tilt fanning within these half grabens and 15 new Ar-40/Ar-39 dates bracket major extension between about 16.5 and 11 Ma. Tilting of the opposing fold limbs occurred simultaneously and was contemporaneous with extension. The anticline and syncline are therefore interpreted as fault-related extensional folds produced by the partial, along-strike overlap of oppositely dipping normal-fault systems and attendant tilt-block domains. The anticline developed between overlapping listric normal faults that dip toward one another, including the east-dipping McCullough Range and west-dipping Keyhole Canyon faults. Each limb of the anticline is a rollover fold developed in the hanging wall of the inwardly dipping listric normal faults. The syncline formed between overlapping outwardly dipping listric faults, as adjacent fault blocks were tilted toward one another. The dominant folding style was fault-bend folding, with drag-folding and displacement-gradient folding playing subsidiary roles. The anticline and syncline significantly affected depositional patterns, with synextensional units, including two major ash-flow tuffs, thinning toward the anticlinal hinge and thickening toward the synclinal hinge. The Black Mountains accommodation zone is largely composed of intersecting northwest-trending anticlines and northeast-trending synclines, both occurring at a variety of scales depending on the amount of overlap between the opposing normal-fault systems. This three-dimensional geometry contrasts with the typical style of folding in contractional settings and may characterize extensional accommodation zones that include the partial along-strike overlap of multiple, oppositely dipping normal faults. The folds in the Highland Range serve as well-exposed analogues of similar features in hydrocarbon-rich areas of submerged continental margins. (C) 2002 Elsevier science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Geol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Mines, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Faulds, JE (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 96 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PY 2002 VL 24 IS 4 BP 861 EP 886 AR PII S0191-8141(01)00116-X DI 10.1016/S0191-8141(01)00116-X PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 523XE UT WOS:000173982200017 ER PT J AU Creekmore, TE Rocke, TE Hurley, J AF Creekmore, TE Rocke, TE Hurley, J TI A baiting system for delivery of an oral plague vaccine to black-tailed prairie dogs SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bait consumption preference; biomarker efficiency; black-tailed prairie dog; Cynomys ludovicanus; fleas; Opisocrostis hirsutus; physiological markers ID RABIES VACCINE; WILD AB Laboratory and field studies were conducted between July and October 1999 to identify bait preference, biomarker efficacy, and bait acceptance rates for delivering an oral plague vaccine to black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Twenty juvenile captive prairie dogs were offered alfalfa baits containing either alfalfa, alfalfa and 5% molasses, or alfalfa, 5% molasses and 4% salt. Based on the results of these trials we selected a bait containing alfalfa, 7%, molasses, and 1% salt for field trials to determine bait acceptance rates by free-ranging animals. The biomarkers DuPont Blue dye, iophenoxic acid, and tetracycline hydrochloride were orally administered to captive prairie dogs to determine their efficacy. Only tetracycline proved effective as a biomarker. Two field trials were conducted at separate prairie clog colonies located at the Buffalo Gap National Grassland (Pennington County, South Dakota, USA). In Trial 1, three baits containing tetracycline were distributed around each active burrow entrance and an additional bait was placed inside the burrow (1,236 baits total). In Trial 2, baits were distributed at the same density per burrow as Trial 1, but along transects spaced 10 m apart (1,744 baits total). Trapping began 3 days after bait distribution, and 30 prairie clogs then were captured at each site to determine the percentage of animals marked. In Trial 1, 67% of the prairie dogs captured had tetracycline deposits indicative of bait consumption. In Trial 2, 83% of the prairie dogs had ingested a bait. Approximately 15% of the animals in both trials ate more than one bait. Fleas (Opisocrostis hirsutus) were found on 64 of 70 (91%) of the prairie dogs captured during this study. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Creekmore, TE (reprint author), Wyoming Dept Hlth, Wyoming State Vet Lab, 1174 Snowy Range Rd, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 32 EP 39 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 518VT UT WOS:000173689100005 PM 11838226 ER PT J AU Calle, PP Seagars, DJ McClave, C Senne, D House, C House, JA AF Calle, PP Seagars, DJ McClave, C Senne, D House, C House, JA TI Viral and bacterial serology of free-ranging Pacific walrus SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Brucella; calicivirus; influenza A virus; Leptospira interrogans; Odobenus rosmarus divergens; phocine distemper virus; serologic survey; walrus ID ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS-ROSMARUS; SEALS PHOCA-VITULINA; INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; HARBOR SEALS; MARINE MAMMALS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTION; BRUCELLA INFECTION; ATLANTIC WALRUS; ARCTIC CANADA AB Serum or heparinized plasma samples were obtained between 1994 and 1996 from 20 male and 20 female adult free-ranging Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) from St. Lawrence Island and Round island, Alaska. Samples were screened for antibodies to some potentially pathogenic bacteria and viruses. No sample had detectable antibody to Brucella spp. Three of 40 (8%) had low antibody titers to Leptospira interrogans scrovars. Phocine distemper virus antibodies were not detected, Serologic responses to one or more caliciviruses (San Miguel sea lion virus 12 or vesicular exanthema of swine serotypes E54, F55, G55, 1934B) were detected in 18% (seven of 40) walrus. Antibodies to one or more subtypes of influenza A virus (H10, N2, N3, N5, N6, N7) were detected in 21% (eight of 38). Periodic screening of free-ranging populations for exposure to infectious diseases has become an important component of bio-monitoring programs to facilitate understanding and detecting trends in marine mammal populations. C1 Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, New York Aquarium, Brooklyn, NY 11224 USA. Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, APHIS, VS,NVSL, Plum Isl, NY 11944 USA. RP Calle, PP (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 93 EP 100 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 518VT UT WOS:000173689100012 PM 11838234 ER PT J AU Rotstein, DS Schoeb, TR Davis, LM Glenn, TC Arnold, BS Gross, TS AF Rotstein, DS Schoeb, TR Davis, LM Glenn, TC Arnold, BS Gross, TS TI Detection by microsatellite analysis of early embryonic mortality in an alligator population in Florida SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE American alligator; Alligator mississippiensis; blastodisk; DNA; fertilization; genetics ID DNA AB In the 1980s, alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) of Lake Apopka (Florida USA) underwent a population decline associated with decreased egg viability, effects that have been associated with endocrine-disrupting, persistent organochlorine pesticides. It is currently unknown whether the decreased egg viability is due to fertilization failure or early embryonic death. Therefore, we conducted a preliminary study to evaluate file use of microsatellite DNA loci to determine the fertilization status of nonviable eggs. Using microsatellite analysis, we compared genotypes from blasto-disks and embryos with the genotypes from females trapped at the nest. Four of five nonviable egg samples tested yielded evidence of fertilization. No evidence of unfertilized eggs was obtained, but amplifiable DNA could not be obtained from one entirely nonviable clutch. Thus, we demonstrate that early embryonic mortality in alligators can be detected by microsatellite analysis, but also suggest substantial effort is needed to improve the recovery of DNA and amplification of alligator microsatellite loci. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Div Comparat Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Florida Caribbean Sci Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Gross, TS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES07375] NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 160 EP 165 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 518VT UT WOS:000173689100020 PM 11838207 ER PT J AU Thomas, NJ Bunikis, J Barbour, AG Wolcott, MJ AF Thomas, NJ Bunikis, J Barbour, AG Wolcott, MJ TI Fatal spirochetosis due to a relapsing fever-like Borrelia sp in a northern spotted owl SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian; bird; Borrelia hermsii; case report; disease; northern spotted owl; pathology; relapsing fever; spirochete; Strix occidentalis caurina ID BURGDORFERI; BIRDS; CALIFORNIA; INFECTION; RODENTS AB Acute septicemic spirochetosis was diagnosed in an adult male northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) found dead in Kittitas County, Washington, USA. Gross necropsy findings included marked enlargement of the liver and spleen and serofibrinous deposits on the serous membranes lining the body cavities and the pericardial and perihepatic sacs. Microscopic observations included macrophage infiltration in the liver and spleen with mild thrombosis and multifocal necrosis, as well as hemorrhage and acute inflammation in the choroid plexus of the brain. No viruses or pathogenic bacteria were isolated from brain. liver, or spleen, and no parasites were found in blood smears or impression smears of the liver. Chlamydial culture attempts were unsuccessful and no chlamydial antibodies were detected in serum. In silver-stained microscopic sections and by transmission electron microscopy of liver, numerous long, thin, spiral-shaped bacteria were seen in the liver, spleen, cerebral ventricles, and within blood vessels in many organs. The organism was identified as a member of the Borrelia genus by sequence analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene. the most closely related species is B. hermsii an agent of relapsing fever in humans in the western United States. This is the first report of a relapsing fever-related Borrelia in a wild bird. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Med, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Thomas, NJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RI Barbour, Alan/B-3160-2009 OI Barbour, Alan/0000-0002-0719-5248 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 187 EP 193 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 518VT UT WOS:000173689100026 PM 11838214 ER PT J AU Gelatt, TS Siniff, DB Estes, JA AF Gelatt, TS Siniff, DB Estes, JA TI Activity patterns and time budgets of the declining sea otter population at Amchitka Island, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE activity pattern; Alaska; Amchitka Island; behavior; Enhydra lutris; equilibrium; marine mammal; radiotelemetry; sea otter; time budget ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; CALIFORNIA; THERMOREGULATION; ECOSYSTEMS; AGE AB Time budgets of predators may reflect population status if time spent foraging varies with local prey abundance. We assumed that the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) population at Amchitka Island, Alaska, USA, had been at equilibrium since the early 1960s and collected time budgets of otters to be used to represent future conditions of currently expanding sea otter populations. We used radiotelemetry to monitor activity-time budgets of otters from August 1992 to March 1994. Sea otter activity was directly linked to sex, age, weather condition, season, and time of day. Sea otters differed in percent time foraging among cohorts but not within cohorts. Percent time foraging ranged from 21% for females with very young (53 weeks of age) dependent pups to 52% for females with old (greater than or equal to10 weeks of age) pups. Otters foraged more and hauled out more as local sea conditions worsened. Adult males spent less time foraging during winter and spring, consistent with seasonal changes in prey selection. Time spent foraging was similar to that reported for otters in California and an established population in Prince William Sound, Alaska, but greater than that of otters in recently established populations in Oregon and Alaska. Despite current evidence indicating that the population was in decline during our study, we were unable to recognize this change using time budgets. Our results illustrate the importance of stratifying analyses of activity patterns by age and sex cohorts and the complexity inherent in comparisons of behavioral data between different populations relying on distinct prey bases. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Gelatt, TS (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, 525 W 67th Ave, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. NR 49 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 29 EP 39 DI 10.2307/3802868 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 523CK UT WOS:000173934100003 ER PT J AU Taper, ML Gogan, PJP AF Taper, ML Gogan, PJP TI The Northern Yellowstone elk: Density dependence and climatic conditions SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cervus elaphus; density dependence; elk; Greater Yellowstone Area; information criteria; Montana; nonlinear population dynamics; population dynamics; Wyoming ID NATIONAL-PARK; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NATURAL REGULATION; MODEL SELECTION; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; DEMOGRAPHY; INFERENCE; STABILITY; RANGE AB We analyzed a time series of estimates of elk (Cervus elaphus) numbers on the northern Yellowstone winter range from 1964 to 1979 and 1986 to 1995 using a variety of discrete time stochastic population dynamic models. These models included adjustments for density, an increase in the area of winter range used by elk, lagged effects of the weather covariates of spring precipitation, snow depth and winter temperature, and the impacts of the 1988 drought and fires. An information-criteria-based model-selection process strongly supported evidence of density dependence. The best model, a Ricker model, distinguished between the 2 time periods. The bulk of the difference between the 2 periods is attributed to an increase in the amount of winter range used by elk. Inclusion of the covariates spring precipitation and spring precipitation squared greatly improved the model fit. We detected a short-lived increase in elk population growth rate following the 1988 drought and fires. Fertility and survivorship of adults appeared to have different density-dependent forms that together result in a biphasic relationship between population growth rate and density. This study confirms the presence of density-dependent regulation in the northern Yellowstone elk herd, and enhances our understanding of population dynamics of these ungulates. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Taper, ML (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 73 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 106 EP 122 DI 10.2307/3802877 PG 17 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 523CK UT WOS:000173934100012 ER PT J AU Fleskes, JP Jarvis, RL Gilmer, DS AF Fleskes, JP Jarvis, RL Gilmer, DS TI Distribution and movements of female northern pintails radiotagged in San Joaquin Valley, California SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas acula; California; Central Valley; distribution; movements; northern pintail; radiotelemetry.; San Joaquin Valley ID WATERFOWL; SURVIVAL; WINTER; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; POPULATION; AMERICA; DUCKS AB To improve understanding of northern pintail (Anas acuta) distribution in central California (CCA), we radiotagged 191 Hatch-Year (HY) and 228 After-Hatch-Year female northern pintails during late August-ear-IN, October, 1991-1993, in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) and studied their movements through March each year. Nearly all (94.3%) wintered in CCA, but 5.7% went to southern California, Mexico, Or unknown areas; all that that went south left before hunting season. Of the 395 radiotagged pintails that wintered in CCA, 83% flew from the SJV north to other CCA areas (i.e., Sacramento Valley [SACV], Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta [Delta], Suisun Marsh, San Francisco Bay) during September-January; most went during December. Movements coincided with Start of hunting seasons and were related to pintail age, mass, capture location, studs year, and weather. Among pintails with less than average mass, AHY individuals tended to leave the SJV earlier than HY individuals. Weekly distribution was similar among capture locations and years but a greater percentage of pintails radiotagged in Tulare Basin (south part of SJV) were known to have (10.3% vs. 0.9%) or probably (13.8% vs. 4.6%) wintered south of CCA than pintails radiotagged in northern SJV areas (i.e,, Grassland Ecological Area [EA] and Mendota Wildlife Area [WA]). Also, a greater percentage of SJV pintails went to other CCA areas before hunting season in the drought year of 1991-1992 than later years (10% vs. 3-5%). The percent of radiotagged pintails from Grassland EA known to have gone south of CCA also was greater during 1991-1992 than later years (2% m 0%), but both the known (19% vs. 4%) and probable (23% v. 12%) percent From Tulare Basin that went south was greatest during 1993-1994, when availability of flooded fields there was lowest. The probability of pintails leaving the SJV as 57% (95% Cl = 8-127%) greater on dabs with than without rain, and more movements per bird out of SJV occurred in years with more rain and fug but fewer days with southerly winds. Movements by pintails and changes in pintail distributions, direct recovery distributions, and harvest rates suggest the disproportionate decline of pintails in Tulare Basin was due to a lower percentage of pintails moving there in fall and a greater percentage or earlier movements north and south out of Tulare Basin. With fewer in Tulare Basin to replace Grasslands FA pintails going north in December, pintail abundance in the northern SJV declined during late winter. Changes in movement patterns correspond to habitat loss in Tulare Basin and increased habitats in SACV and western mainland Mexico. Habitat improvements, especially in Tulare Basin, that increase food, sanctuary, and winter survival would probably help restore pintails throughout the SJV. C1 Western Ecol Res Ctr, Biol Res Div, US Geol Survey, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Fleskes, JP (reprint author), Western Ecol Res Ctr, Biol Res Div, US Geol Survey, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. NR 55 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 138 EP 152 DI 10.2307/3802880 PG 15 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 523CK UT WOS:000173934100015 ER PT J AU Robb, JR AF Robb, JR TI Band recovery and recapture rates of american black ducks and mallards SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American black duck; Anas platyrhynchos; Anas rubripes; body weight; condition index; Lake Erie; mallard; Ohio; recapture rates; recovery rates; site fidelity; site tenacity; survival ID BODY-COMPOSITION; SURVIVAL; WINTER; VULNERABILITY; CANVASBACKS; ECOLOGY; ENERGY; MASS AB Data from band recoveries and recapture rates are essential for testing influences on key demographic parameters of avian populations. I used recaptures and recoveries of leg-banded birds to test the influence of condition on the probability of survival and to compare site fidelity of American black ducks (Anas rubripes) and mallards (A. platyrhynchos) to the wetlands of southwestern Lake Erie. I live-trapped and banded 996 black chicks and 1, 168 mallards from October through January during 3 annual staging periods (1990-1993) on Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in Ohio, USA. Ducks, were aged, sexed, and weighed; total body length, wring chord, culmen, and tarsus also were measured to compute condition indices. I used multiple-logistic regression models to test influences of condition, date of initial capture, and species on the probabilities of recapture and band recovery for each age-sex class, Black ducks were more likely to be recaptured than mallards in all age-sex classes within a season and during subsequent seasons. Body condition had a positive influence on recaptures during subsequent field seasons for adults. Analyses of within-season band recovery for adult males of both species indicated that birds with lower condition were more likely to be harvested. The opposite relationships between condition and the probability of recapture and direct recovery support the contention that poor body condition increased vulnerability to hunting for adult males. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Zool, Ohio Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Res Div,US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Robb, JR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1661 W JPG Niblo Rd, Madison, IN 47250 USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.2307/3802881 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 523CK UT WOS:000173934100016 ER PT J AU Saenz, D Baum, KA Conner, RN Rudolph, DC Costa, R AF Saenz, D Baum, KA Conner, RN Rudolph, DC Costa, R TI Large-scale translocation strategies for reintroducing red-cockaded woodpeckers SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Picoides borealis; red-cockaded woodpecker; reintroduction; simulation modeling; southeastern pine forests; translocation strategies ID FRAGMENTATION AB Translocation of wild birds is a potential conservation strategy for the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis). We developed and tested 8 large-scale translocation strategy models for a regional red cockaded woodpecker reintroduction program. The purpose of the reintroduction program is to increase the number of red-cockaded woodpeckers by moving subadult birds from large populations to smaller populations that are unlikely to increase on their own. A major problem in implementing the program is determining where birds will be moved because the larger donor populations cannot supply enough birds for all small recipient populations each year. Our goals were to develop translocation strategies and model which ones would (1) result in the most groups of wood peckers in a given amount of time, (2) most quickly reach the goal of at least 30 groups of woodpeckers in every population, and (3) result in the fewest population extinctions. We developed lump-sum strategies that moved all the translocated birds to 1 population each year, and partitioning strategies that divided the birds among several populations every year. In our simulations, the lump-sum strategies resulted in the most woodpeckers for the overall program and the highest number of population extinctions. Partitioning strategies had the lowest population extinction rate but produced the lowest rate of increase in the number of woodpecker groups. The model that partitioned birds to the 6 largest recipient populations with fewer than 30 groups was the best overall strategy for meeting our goals because it reached 30 groups in every population the fastest, produced many birds, and had only a moderate population extinction rate. We suggest that adhering to a single strategy that meets the goals of the participants should simplify the program and reduce its cost. C1 US Forest Serv, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, So Res Stn, USDA, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Saenz, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, So Res Stn, USDA, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 212 EP 221 DI 10.2307/3802887 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 523CK UT WOS:000173934100022 ER PT J AU Griffin, DW Kellogg, CA Peak, KK Shinn, EA AF Griffin, DW Kellogg, CA Peak, KK Shinn, EA TI A rapid and efficient assay for extracting DNA from fungi SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PCR; PATHOGENS; SAMPLES AB Aims: A method for the rapid extraction of fungal DNA from small quantities of tissue in a batch-processing format was investigated. Methods and Results: Tissue (< 3&BULL;0 mg) was scraped from freshly-grown fungal isolates. The tissue was suspended in buffer AP1 and subjected to seven rounds of freeze/thaw using a crushed dry ice/ethanol bath and a boiling water bath. After a 30 min boiling step, the tissue was quickly ground against the wall of the microfuge tube using a sterile pipette tip. The Qiagen DNeasy Plant Tissue Kit protocol was then used to purify the DNA for PCR/sequencing applications. Conclusions: The method allowed batch DNA extraction from multiple fungal isolates using a simple yet rapid and reliable assay. Significance and Impact of the Study: Use of this assay will allow researchers to obtain DNA from fungi quickly for use in molecular assays that previously required specialized instrumentation, was time-consuming or was not conducive to batch processing. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Reg Marine Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Griffin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Reg Marine Studies, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RI Kellogg, Christina/B-3257-2009 NR 12 TC 34 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2002 VL 34 IS 3 BP 210 EP 214 DI 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2002.01071.x PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 532FX UT WOS:000174464600011 PM 11874544 ER PT S AU Bellucci, G Brown, RH Formisano, V Baines, KH Bibring, JP Buratti, BJ Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Clark, RN Coradini, A Cruikshank, DP Drossart, P Jaumann, R Langevin, Y Matson, DL McCord, TB Mennella, V Miller, E Nelson, RM Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B Sotin, C AF Bellucci, G Brown, RH Formisano, V Baines, KH Bibring, JP Buratti, BJ Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Clark, RN Coradini, A Cruikshank, DP Drossart, P Jaumann, R Langevin, Y Matson, DL McCord, TB Mennella, V Miller, E Nelson, RM Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B Sotin, C BE Foing, BH Heather, DJ TI Cassini/VIMS observations of the moon SO LUNAR EXPLORATION 2000 SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT B0 2 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission B held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP European Space Agcy, Comm Space Res AB In this paper, we present preliminary scientific results obtained from the analysis of VIMS (Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) lunar images and spectra. These data were obtained during the Cassini Earth flyby in August 1999. Spectral ratios have been produced in order to derive lunar mineralogical maps. Some spectra observed at the north-east lunar limb, show few unusual absorption features located at 0.357, 0.430 and 0.452 mum, the origin of which is presently unknown. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CNR, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale, I-00133 Rome, Italy. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. DLR, Inst Weltraumsensor & Planetenerkundung, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, HIGP, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Osserv Astron Capodimonte, I-80131 Naples, Italy. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Nantes, F-44322 Nantes 3, France. RP Bellucci, G (reprint author), CNR, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. OI Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1889 EP 1894 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00484-2 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00484-2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV98N UT WOS:000180590600004 ER PT J AU Pine, RH Woodman, N Timm, RM AF Pine, RH Woodman, N Timm, RM TI Rediscovery of Enders's small-eared shrew, Cryptotis endersi (Insectivora : Soricidae), with a redescription of the species SO MAMMALIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Cryptotis; Soricidae; Insectivora; shrews; Panama C1 IMSA, Aurora, IL 60506 USA. USGS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Kansas, Museum Hist Nat, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Field Museum, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Pine, RH (reprint author), IMSA, 1500 W Sullivan Rd, Aurora, IL 60506 USA. EM pine@imsa.edu NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1616-5047 J9 MAMM BIOL JI Mamm. Biol. PY 2002 VL 67 IS 6 BP 372 EP 377 DI 10.1078/1616-5047-00052 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 637TF UT WOS:000180528900004 ER PT J AU Peterson, CH Holland-Bartels, L AF Peterson, CH Holland-Bartels, L TI Chronic impacts of oil pollution in the sea: risks to vertebrate predators SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article C1 Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Peterson, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM cpeters@email.unc.edu NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2002 VL 241 BP 235 EP 236 DI 10.3354/meps241235 PG 2 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 613RU UT WOS:000179145900021 ER PT J AU Bodkin, JL Ballachey, BE Dean, TA Fukuyama, AK Jewett, SC McDonald, L Monson, DH O'Clair, CE VanBlaricom, GR AF Bodkin, JL Ballachey, BE Dean, TA Fukuyama, AK Jewett, SC McDonald, L Monson, DH O'Clair, CE VanBlaricom, GR TI Sea otter population status and the process of recovery from the 1989 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE abundance; biomarker; Enhydra lutris; food; mortality; P450; reproduction; survival ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; MUSSEL BEDS; INTERTIDAL BIOTA; KODIAK ISLAND; RIVER OTTERS; CRUDE-OIL; ALASKA; MORTALITY; HYDROCARBONS AB Sea otter Enhydra lutris populations were severely affected by the 1989 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill in western Prince William Sound, AK, and had not fully recovered by 2000. Here we present results of population surveys and incorporate findings from related studies to identify current population status and factors affecting recovery. Between 1993 and 2000, the number of sea otters in the spill-area of Prince William Sound increased by about 600 to nearly 2700. However, at Knight Island, where oil exposure and sea otter mortality in 1989 was most severe, no increase has been observed. Sea otter reproduction was not impaired, and the age and sex composition of captured otters are consistent with both intrinsic reproduction and immigration contributing to recovery. However, low resighting rates of marked otters at Knight Island compared to an unoiled reference area, and high proportions of young otters in beach cast carcasses through 1998, suggest that the lack of recovery was caused by relatively poor survival or emigration of potential recruits. Significantly higher levels of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A), a biomarker of hydrocarbons, were found in sea otters at Knight Island from 1996 to 1998 compared to unoiled Montague Island, implicating oil effects in the lack of recovery at Knight Island. Delayed recovery does not appear to be directly related to food limitation. Although food availability was relatively low at both oiled and unoiled areas, we detected significant increases in sea otter abundance only at Montague Island, a finding inconsistent with food as a principal limiting factor. Persistent oil in habitats and prey provides a source of continued oil exposure and, combined with relatively low prey densities, suggests a potential interaction between oil and food. However, sea otters foraged more successfully at Knight Island and young females were in better condition than those at Montague Island. We conclude that progress toward recovery of sea otters in Prince William Sound is evident, but that in areas where initial oil effects were greatest, recovery may be constrained by residual spill effects, resulting from elevated mortality and emigration. It is evident that internal reproduction and immigration of juveniles has been the primary means of population recovery, as opposed to broad scale redistribution of adults from outside affected areas. The result is a recovery period protracted by long-term spill effects on survival and emigration and intrinsic limits to population growth. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Coastal Resources Associates, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Western Ecosyst Technol, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Bodkin, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM james_bodkin@usgs.gov RI Monson, Daniel/N-4469-2013 OI Monson, Daniel/0000-0002-4593-5673 NR 85 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 11 U2 58 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2002 VL 241 BP 237 EP 253 DI 10.3354/meps241237 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 613RU UT WOS:000179145900022 ER PT J AU Dean, TA Bodkin, JL Fukuyama, AK Jewett, SC Monson, DH O'Clair, CE VanBlaricom, GR AF Dean, TA Bodkin, JL Fukuyama, AK Jewett, SC Monson, DH O'Clair, CE VanBlaricom, GR TI Food limitation and the recovery of sea otters following the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Prince William Sound; Alaska; predator-prey interaction; prey availability; prey consumption rate; condition indices ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; POPULATION REGULATION; SHORELINE TREATMENTS; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; FERAL DONKEYS; WILD REINDEER; TIME BUDGETS; ALASKA; MORTALITY AB We examined the potential role of food limitation in constraining the recovery of sea otters Enhydra lutris in Prince William Sound, Alaska, following the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill. The spill resulted in the removal of a large number of sea otters in 1989, and as of 1998, the portion of the population in the heavily oiled northern Knight Island region had not fully recovered. Between 1996 and 1998, prey consumption rate was higher and the condition of sea otters was better at northern Knight Island than in an unoiled area of the sound (Montague Island). Estimates of prey energy available per unit mass of sea otter were about 4 times higher at Knight than Montague Island, albeit not significantly different between the 2 areas. Over this, same period, the number of sea otters remained constant at northern Knight Island but increased at Montague Island. These data suggest that food was at least as abundant at Knight than at Montague Island, and that recovery of sea otters via intrinsic population growth was limited by factors other than food. However, the availability of food, the prey consumption rate, and the condition of sea otters were all much lower at both Knight and Montague Islands than in areas newly occupied by sea otters where the population growth rate was near the theoretical maximum. It is possible that the relatively short supply of food (compared to areas where sea otter population growth rate was high) may have inhibited immigration or interacted with other factors (e.g. oil-induced mortality or predation) to restrict sea otter population growth. Nonetheless, these data suggest that impacts of anthropogenic disturbances on large, often food-limited vertebrate predators can persist in spite of the availability of food resources that are sufficient for intrinsic population growth. C1 Coastal Resources Associates, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Biol Res Div, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci,Biol Resource Div, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Dean, TA (reprint author), Coastal Resources Associates, 5674 El Camino Real,Suite M, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. EM coastal_resources@sbcglobal.net RI Monson, Daniel/N-4469-2013 OI Monson, Daniel/0000-0002-4593-5673 NR 81 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 28 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2002 VL 241 BP 255 EP 270 DI 10.3354/meps241255 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 613RU UT WOS:000179145900023 ER PT J AU Esler, D Bowman, TD Trust, KA Ballachey, BE Dean, TA Jewett, SC O'Clair, CE AF Esler, D Bowman, TD Trust, KA Ballachey, BE Dean, TA Jewett, SC O'Clair, CE TI Harlequin duck population recovery following the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill: progress, process and constraints SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE demography; 'Exxon Valdez'; harlequin duck; Histrionicus histrionicus; marine birds; oil contamination; population recovery ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; AMERICAN BLACK DUCKS; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; CYTOCHROME P4501A; WINTER PHILOPATRY; MUSSEL BEDS; CRUDE-OIL; SURVIVAL; ALASKA; IMPACTS AB Following the 1989 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, we studied the status of recovery of harlequin duck Histrionicus histrionicus populations during 1995 to 1998. We evaluated potential constraints on full recovery, including (1) exposure to residual oil; (2) food limitation; and (3) intrinsic demographic limitations on population growth rates. In this paper, we synthesize the findings from our work and incorporate information from other harlequin duck research and monitoring programs to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the response of this species to the 'Exxon Valdez' spill. We conclude that harlequin duck populations had not fully recovered by 1998. Furthermore, adverse effects continued as many as 9 yr after the oil spill, in contrast to the conventional paradigm that oil spill effects on bird populations are short-lived. These conclusions are based on the findings that (1) elevated cytochrome P450 (CYP1A) induction on oiled areas indicated continued exposure to oil in 1998; (2) adult female winter. survival was lower on oiled than unoiled areas during 1995 to 1998; (3) fall population surveys by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game indicated numerical declines in oiled areas during 1995 to 1997; and (4) densities on oiled areas in 1996 and 1997 were lower than expected using models that accounted for effects of habitat attributes. Based on hypothesized links between oil contamination and demography, we suggest that harlequin duck population recovery was constrained primarily by continued oil exposure. Full population recovery will also be delayed by the time necessary for intrinsic population growth to allow return to pre-spill numbers following cessation of residual oil spill effects. Although not all wildlife species were affected by the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill, and some others may have recovered quickly from any effects, harlequin duck life history characteristics and benthic, nearshore feeding habits make them susceptible to both initial and long-term oil spill effects. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Coastal Resources Associates Inc, Vista, CA 92083 USA. Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Esler, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM desler@sfu.ca NR 83 TC 68 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 33 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2002 VL 241 BP 271 EP 286 DI 10.3354/meps241271 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 613RU UT WOS:000179145900024 ER PT J AU Golet, GH Seiser, PE McGuire, AD Roby, DD Fischer, JB Kuletz, KJ Irons, DB Dean, TA Jewett, SC Newman, SH AF Golet, GH Seiser, PE McGuire, AD Roby, DD Fischer, JB Kuletz, KJ Irons, DB Dean, TA Jewett, SC Newman, SH TI Long-term direct and indirect effects of the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill on pigeon guillemots in Prince William Sound, Alaska SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Review DE 'Exxon Valdez'; oil spills; marine birds; Cepphus columba; pigeon guillemot; Prince William Sound; blood parameters; reproductive performance ID PACIFIC SAND LANCE; MARINE BIRD POPULATIONS; BAY CRUDE-OIL; AMMODYTES-HEXAPTERUS; CEPPHUS-COLUMBA; NORTHERN GULF; COMMON MURRES; CHICK GROWTH; SEA OTTERS; FRATERCULA-ARCTICA AB We conducted a study to determine mechanisms constraining population recovery of pigeon guillemots Cepphus columba following the 1989 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill. We asked whether recovery was limited by continuing exposure to residual oil, reduced prey availability, or other causes. Our approach was to compare demographic, physiological, and behavioral parameters between an oiled site pre- and post-spill, and between the oiled site and an unoiled site post-spill. Adult mass, body condition, and nestling survival were significantly lower at the oiled site post-spill compared to pre-spill. After the spill, guillemots increased in number at the unoiled site and chicks fledged at significantly heavier weights than at the oiled site, where populations remained depressed. Elevated hepatic cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activities detected in adult guillemots a decade after the spill at the oiled site suggest that continued exposure to residual oil may have limited population recovery, although reduced availability of sand lance, a preferred forage fish, may have also played a role. Previous studies conducted at the oiled site demonstrated that guillemot chick growth and reproductive success were positively related to the percentage of high-lipid forage fishes, such as sand lance, in the chick diet. Aspects of sand lance life history and the pattern of 'Exxon Valdez' oil deposition strongly suggest that sand lance were impacted by the spill, although we lack direct evidence of this, and reductions in this species' abundance may have also resulted from natural causes. Our study suggests that the recovery of a top-level generalist predator may be constrained by both direct effects (continued exposure to residual oil) and indirect effects (reduced availability of a key prey species) following a large-scale perturbation. Furthermore, it demonstrates that recovery following oil spills may take considerably longer for certain species than the few years that have been proposed as typical for marine birds. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Oregon State Univ, USGS, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Coastal Resources Associates, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. RP Golet, GH (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Sacramento River Project, Chico, CA 95928 USA. EM ggolet@tnc.org NR 109 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 9 U2 63 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2002 VL 241 BP 287 EP 304 DI 10.3354/meps241287 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 613RU UT WOS:000179145900025 ER PT J AU Griscom, SB Fisher, NS Luoma, SN AF Griscom, SB Fisher, NS Luoma, SN TI Kinetic modeling of Ag, Cd and Co bioaccumulation in the clam Macoma balthica: quantifying dietary and dissolved sources SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE metals; bioaccumulation; clams; deposit-feeders; modeling ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; BIVALVES POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; DEPOSIT-FEEDING POLYCHAETE; SEDIMENT-BOUND METALS; 2 MARINE BIVALVES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; OVERLYING WATER; HEAVY-METALS; PORE-WATER AB A biokinetic model was used to better understand Ag, Cd and Co concentrations in a population of the clam Macoma balthica in San Francisco Bay. Model parameters included laboratory-derived uptake- and loss-rate constants from food and water and field measurements of metal concentrations in food, overlying water and oxidized pore water. Parameters used in modeling were taken from recent studies of metal influx from dissolved sources and metal assimilation from ingested sediment, and from laboratory experiments and field measurements in this study. Assimilation efficiencies from surface sediments ranged from 12 to 22% for Ag, 6 to 13% for Cd and 8 to 20% for Co. Assimilation efficiencies from phytoplankton were higher than metal assimilation efficiencies from sediment, ranging from 36 to 42% for Ag, 47 to 55% for Cd and 27 to 33% for Co. Influx of dissolved metals from overlying water increased with increasing ambient concentration, with uptake-rate constants for Ag (0.34 1 g(-1) d(-1)) about an order of magnitude higher than for Cd and Co. Influx-rate constants for Ag and Cd from oxidized pore water were comparable to overlying water-rate constants, whereas the rate constant for Co influx from oxidized pore water was 3 times lower than that from overlying water. Efflux rates of all metals out of the clams ranged from 1 to 3% d(-1). To estimate the potentially bioavailable fraction of particle-bound metals, assumed to be the metal bound to particle surfaces, mean metal concentrations in shale were subtracted from metal concentrations in total sediment digestions. Metal accumulation was modeled for clams that were assumed to be surface deposit-feeding and those that were filter-feeding. By adding uptake from food (surface sediment or phytoplankton) and from dissolved sources (oxidized pore water or overlying water), the modelpredicted ranges of concentrations of Ag, Cd and Co in deposit-feeding clams are shown to be directly comparable to tissue concentrations in field-collected clams from San Francisco Bay. Thus, it appears that the parameters experimentally derived for M balthica are applicable to field conditions and that the model can account for the major processes governing metal concentrations in these clams. Further, through modeling, ingested sediment was shown to be a major source for Ag and Cd under all realistic environmental conditions, but Co accumulation was principally from the dissolved phase. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fisher, NS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM nfisher@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 84 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2002 VL 240 BP 127 EP 141 DI 10.3354/meps240127 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 601QF UT WOS:000178457600013 ER PT J AU Childs, CR Rabalais, NN Turner, RE Proctor, LM AF Childs, CR Rabalais, NN Turner, RE Proctor, LM TI Sediment denitrification in the Gulf of Mexico zone of hypoxia SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE sediment; denitrification; Gulf of Mexico; hypoxia ID MISSISSIPPI-RIVER PLUME; LOUISIANA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ENHANCED PRIMARY PRODUCTION; INTERMEDIATE SALINITIES; MARINE SEDIMENT; AMMONIUM; NITRIFICATION; RESPIRATION; NITRATE; WATER AB The largest zone of anthropogenic bottom water hypoxia in the Western Hemisphere occurs seasonally in the northern Gulf of Mexico between the Mississippi River delta and the coast of eastern Texas. This zone of hypoxia reaches its greatest extent in the summer months and is a consequence of seasonal stratification of the water column combined with the decomposition of organic matter derived from accelerated rates of primary production. This enhanced productivity is driven primarily by the input of inorganic nitrogen from the Mississippi River. There are 3 likely sinks for fixed nitrogen within this zone of hypoxia: sequestration in the sediment, dispersion and dilution into the Gulf of Mexico, and denitrification. We assessed potential denitrification rates at 7 stations in the zone of hypoxia during the summer of 1999. Those data are compared with bottom water nitrate, ammonium and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. No denitrification was observed in the water column. Denitrification potential rates in the surface sediments were unexpectedly low and ranged between 39.8 and 108.1 mumol m(-1) h(-1). The highest rates were observed at stations with bottom water DO concentrations between 1 and 3 mg l(-1). Denitrification activity was significantly lower at stations where DO was lower than 1 mg l(-1) or higher than 3 mg l(-1). Nutrient data for these stations demonstrate that as anoxia is approached, the dominant species of nitrogen shifts from nitrate to ammonium. The shift in nitrogen species suggests competition between microbial populations in the sediment community. The lower denitrification rates at stations with bottom water DO <1 mg l(-1) may be due to nitrate limitation or an increase in the competitive advantage of microorganisms capable of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). Suppression of denitrification at low DO by any mechanism will increase the residence time of bioavailable nitrogen. This trend could act as a positive feedback mechanism in the formation of hypoxic bottom waters. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Div Water Resources, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Proctor, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Div Water Resources, MS 430,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lmprocto@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 23 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2002 VL 240 BP 285 EP 290 DI 10.3354/meps240285 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 601QF UT WOS:000178457600026 ER PT J AU Suryan, RM Irons, DB Kaufman, M Benson, J Jodice, PGR Roby, DD Brown, ED AF Suryan, RM Irons, DB Kaufman, M Benson, J Jodice, PGR Roby, DD Brown, ED TI Short-term fluctuations in forage fish availability and the effect on prey selection and brood-rearing in the black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Rissa tridactyla; forage fish abundance; Clupea pallasi; Ammodytes hexapterus; prey selection; nestling provisioning rate; nestling development ID ANTARCTIC MARION ISLAND; SHEARWATER CALONECTRIS-DIOMEDEA; FULMARS FULMARUS-GLACIALIS; GUILLEMOTS URIA-AALGE; FEEDING FREQUENCY; MEAL SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; FOOD AVAILABILITY; NORTHERN GULF AB To better understand how fluctuations in prey abundance may impact seabird reproductive success, we studied short-term changes in prey populations and their effect on prey selection and brood-rearing in the black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla, a predator of near-surface-schooling forage fishes. Our fine-scale approach involved a weekly assessment of forage fish abundance and brood-rearing conditions during 4 consecutive years (1996 to 1999) at the Shoup Bay kittiwake colony in Prince William Sound, Alaska. We conducted forage fish surveys from a fixed-wing aircraft to determine weekly prey abundance throughout the known foraging range of breeding kittiwakes. Our results provide clear evidence that short-term fluctuations in prey availability are responsible for dramatic, within-season changes in the breeding conditions of black-legged kittiwakes. Adult kittiwakes often showed immediate response to changes in the prey base by altering prey selection; however, there were instances when kittiwakes selected prey species disproportionate to their availability (typically selecting for Pacific herring Clupea pallasi and against Pacific sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus). Changes in prey selection often resulted in striking differences in the amount of time required to obtain a load of food. The cascading effects of longer foraging trips was translated into reduced nestling growth and survival. Of the 3 components of energy provisioning to nestlings (meal delivery rate, meal size, and energy density), meal-delivery rate had the strongest and most consistent positive effect on nestling growth and survival. Overall, these results demonstrate that complex foraging conditions limit the reproductive success of a central place-foraging species relying on an ephemeral food source. Moreover, we demonstrated that feeding conditions during the first 2 wk of brood-rearing were most critical for survival of the brood. Given the potential for such marked within-season variation in breeding conditions, it is critical that investigators adequately sample throughout the brood-rearing period, or, alternatively, select that portion that is germane to their study. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. United States Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Suryan, RM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM rob.suryan@orst.edu NR 58 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2002 VL 236 BP 273 EP 287 DI 10.3354/meps236273 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 576LQ UT WOS:000177007100025 ER PT J AU Whitfield, PE Gardner, T Vives, SP Gilligan, MR Courtenay, WR Ray, GC Hare, JA AF Whitfield, PE Gardner, T Vives, SP Gilligan, MR Courtenay, WR Ray, GC Hare, JA TI Biological invasion of the Indo-Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans along the Atlantic coast of North America SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; nonindigenous species; marine fish; Scorpaenidae; marine introductions; lionfish; Pterois volitans; invasive species; Pteroinae ID CLAM POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; FRANCISCO BAY CALIFORNIA; REMARKABLE INVASION; POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX; MARINE ORGANISMS; FISH; BIGHT; COMMUNITIES; DISPERSAL; TRANSPORT AB The occurrence of lionfish Pterois volitans is reported from the western Atlantic Ocean. Adults were collected off the coasts of North Carolina, Georgia and Florida, and juveniles were collected along the shore of Long Island, New York. They have also been found around Bermuda. Lionfish are indigenous to tropical waters of the western Pacific and their occurrence along the east coast of the United States represents a human-induced introduction. Distribution of adults suggests lionfish are surviving in the western Atlantic and capture of juveniles provides putative evidence of reproduction. The most likely pathway of introduction is aquarium releases, but introduction via ballast water cannot be ruled out. The ecosystem of the southeastern United States continental shelf is already undergoing change: reef fish communities are becoming more tropical and many fish species are overfished, These ongoing changes, along with limited information regarding the biology of P. volitans, make predictions of long-term effects of the introduction difficult. This discovery represents the first, apparently successful introduction, of a marine fish from the western Pacific to Atlantic coastal waters of the United States. C1 NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Hofstra Univ, Dept Biol, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA. Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. Savannah State Univ, Marine Sci Programs, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Whitfield, PE (reprint author), NOAA, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM paula.whitfield@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 137 Z9 148 U1 35 U2 183 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2002 VL 235 BP 289 EP 297 DI 10.3354/meps235289 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 576DW UT WOS:000176988400027 ER PT J AU Nitschke, P Mather, M Juanes, F AF Nitschke, P Mather, M Juanes, F TI Evidence for density-dependent mortality in recruitment of a temperate reef fish, cunner Tautogolabrus adspersus, among similar reefs in the vicinity of an anthropogenic disturbance SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE settlement; recruitment; population regulation; density-dependent mortality; disturbance; habitat; temperature; visibility; cunner Tautogolabrus adspersus ID POSTSETTLEMENT SURVIVAL; POPULATION; HABITAT; SETTLEMENT; GROWTH; ASSEMBLAGES; LIMITATION; PREDATION; DYNAMICS; LABRIDAE AB Determining the factors that regulate recruitment of cunner Tautogolabrus adspersus, a temperate reef fish, can help assess the effect of an anthropogenic disturbance on population abundance. The relative abundance of cunner recruits was tracked over 1 reproductive season via visual counts on line transects across similar habitats at 4 sites across 3 boulder reefs in the vicinity of the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (PNPS) in Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA. Habitat characteristics including macroalgae structure, canopy height, rugosity (a measure of structure complexity), temperature, and visibility were measured at each site to assess the influence of these factors on recruit abundance. We assumed that immigration and emigration were not responsible for recruit abundance patterns through time due to the sedentary life history of cunner recruits, We observed differences in recruit abundance over the settlement period among reefs which were likely the result of differences in settlement. However recruitment at the end of the post-settlement period was similar across reefs. Recruit mortality rates among reefs differed in the post-settlement period, with the reef that had the highest density also having the highest mortality rate. Post-settlement mortality rates provided evidence for density-dependent mortality, since habitat and abiotic factors failed to explain the difference in mortality among reefs. Consequently, because of the existence of density-dependent processes in the post-settlement stages, entrainment mortality of the pre-settlement egg and larval stages by the PNPS will have a diminished effect on the local cunner population, An additional assessment of within-reef variability in recruitment also suggests recruitment success is sensitive to small changes in habitat structure which can occur over the recruitment season. C1 USGS BRD, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Nitschke, P (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM paul.nitschke@noaa.gov NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2002 VL 226 BP 165 EP 178 DI 10.3354/meps226165 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 527JR UT WOS:000174183400015 ER PT J AU Lee, MW AF Lee, MW TI Modified Biot-Gassmann theory for calculating elastic velocities for unconsolidated and consolidated sediments SO MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES LA English DT Article ID WAVE VELOCITY; ULTRASONIC VELOCITIES; SHEAR; ROCKS; SANDSTONES; SATURATION; POROSITY AB The classical Biot-Gassmann theory (BGT) generally overestimates shear-wave velocities of water-saturated sediments. To overcome this problem, a new theory is developed based on BGT and on the velocity ratio as a function of G(1-phi)(n), where f is porosity and n and G are constants. Based on laboratory data measured at ultrasonic frequencies, parameters for the new formulation are derived. This new theory is extended to include the effect of differential pressure and consolidation on the velocity ratio by making n a function of differential pressure and the rate of porosity reduction with respect to differential pressure. A scale G is introduced to compensate for discrepancies between measured and predicted velocities, mainly caused by the presence of clay in the matrix. As differential pressure increases and the rate of porosity reduction with respect to differential pressure decreases, the exponent n decreases and elastic velocities increase. Because velocity dispersion is not considered, this new formula is optimum for analyzing velocities measured at ultrasonic frequencies or for sediments having low dispersion characteristics such as clean sandstone with high permeability and lack of grain-scale local flow. The new formula is applied to predict velocities from porosity or from porosity and P-wave velocity and is in good agreement with laboratory and well log data. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Lee, MW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mlee@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3235 J9 MAR GEOPHYS RES JI Mar. Geophys. Res. PY 2002 VL 23 IS 5-6 BP 403 EP 412 DI 10.1023/B:MARI.0000018195.75858.12 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA 780FP UT WOS:000189361900002 ER PT S AU Harthill, M Robbins, EI AF Harthill, M Robbins, EI BE Khassanova, L Collery, P Maymard, I Khassanova, Z Etienne, JC TI Copper geoecology in the lake superior province, North America SO METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, VOL 7 SE METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine CY MAY 05-09, 2002 CL ST PETERSBURG UNIV, ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Bashkir State Pedag Univ, Publishing House, Alpha Color, Publishing House, Belaya Reka HO ST PETERSBURG UNIV ID MICHIGAN; RIFT; CU AB Fossil occurrences, dating from 2.6-2.75 billion years ago (Ga), within the Lake Superior Copper Province, initiated speculation on the historic role of Cu in biological systems and how that essential micronutrient is acquired from the geologic environment. Precambrian rocks, organic tissues, and mine pool water microbiology, electrochemistry, and isotopes were analyzed to attempt to trace copper pathways through time. Contemporary research by others indicates that Cu is bioavailable now, as presumably in the past. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Harthill, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT PI MONTROUGE PA 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE SN 1257-2535 BN 2-7420-0429-7 J9 METAL IONS BIOL MED PY 2002 VL 7 BP 647 EP 650 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BW97U UT WOS:000183835700135 ER PT J AU Grossman, JN Alexander, CMO Wang, JH Brearley, AJ AF Grossman, JN Alexander, CMO Wang, JH Brearley, AJ TI Zoned chondrules in Semarkona: Evidence for high- and low-temperature processing SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UNEQUILIBRATED ORDINARY CHONDRITES; TYPE-3 ORDINARY CHONDRITES; PARENT BODY ALTERATION; AQUEOUS ALTERATION; SOLAR NEBULA; CONDENSATION; RIMS; METAMORPHISM; COMPONENTS; ALLENDE AB At least 15% of the low-FeO chondrules in Semarkona (LL3.0) have mesostases that are concentrically zoned in Na, with enrichments near the outer margins. We have studied zoned chondrules using electron microprobe methods (x-ray mapping plus quantitative analysis), ion microprobe analysis for trace elements and hydrogen isotopes, cathodoluminescence imaging, and transmission electron microscopy in order to determine what these objects can tell us about the environment in which chondrules formed and evolved. Mesostases in these chondrules are strongly zoned in all moderately volatile elements and H (interpreted as water). Calcium is depleted in areas of volatile enrichment. Titanium and Cr generally decrease toward the chondrule surfaces, whereas Al and Si may either increase or decrease, generally in opposite directions to one another; Mn follows Na in some chondrules but not in others; Fe and Mg are unzoned. D/H ratios increase in the water-rich areas of zoned chondrules. Mesostasis shows cathodoluminescence zoning in most zoned chondrules, with the brightest yellow color near the outside. Mesostasis in zoned chondrules appears to be glassy, with no evidence for devitrification. Systematic variations in zoning patterns among pyroxene- and olivine-rich chondrules may indicate that fractionation of low- and high-Ca pyroxene played some role in Ti, Cr, Mn, Si, Al, and some Ca zoning. But direct condensation of elements into hot chondrules, secondary melting of late condensates into the outer portions of chondrules, and subsolidus diffusion of elements into warm chondrules cannot account for the sub-parallel zoning profiles of many elements, the presence of H2O, or elemental abundance patterns. Zoning of moderately volatile elements and Ca may have been produced by hydration of chondrule glass without devitrification during aqueous alteration on the parent asteroid. This could have induced structural changes in the glass allowing rapid diffusion and exchange of elements between altered glass and surrounding matrix and rim material. Calcium was mainly lost during this process, and other nonvolatile elements may have been mobile as well. Some unzoned, low-FeO chondrules appear to have fully altered mesostasis. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Grossman, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RI Alexander, Conel/N-7533-2013; Wang, Jianhua/D-6500-2011 OI Alexander, Conel/0000-0002-8558-1427; Wang, Jianhua/0000-0002-7671-2413 NR 57 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 7 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 37 IS 1 BP 49 EP 73 AR UNSP MS#4380 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 545XG UT WOS:000175242400005 ER PT J AU Bowker, MA Reed, SC Belnap, J Phillips, SL AF Bowker, MA Reed, SC Belnap, J Phillips, SL TI Temporal variation in community composition, pigmentation, and F-v/F-m of desert cyanobacterial soil crusts SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UV-ABSORBING COMPOUNDS; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; B RADIATION; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; MICROBIOTIC CRUSTS; COLORADO PLATEAU; SHEATH PIGMENT; NOSTOC-COMMUNE; PHYTOPLANKTON; CAROTENOIDS AB Summers on the Colorado Plateau (USA) are typified by harsh conditions such as high temperatures, brief soil hydration periods, and high UV and visible radiation. We investigated whether community composition, physiological status, and pigmentation might vary in biological soil crusts as a result of such conditions. Representative surface cores were sampled at the ENE, WSW, and top microaspects of 20 individual soil crust pedicels at a single site in Canyonlands National Park, Utah, in spring and fall of 1999. Frequency of cyanobacterial taxa, pigment concentrations, and dark adapted quantum yield (F-v/F-m) were measured for each core. The frequency of major cyanobacterial taxa was lower in the fall compared to spring. The less-pigmented cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus showed significant mortality when not in the presence of Nostoc spp. and Scytonema myochrous (Dillw.) Agardh. (both synthesizers of UV radiation-linked pigments) but had little or no mortality when these species were abundant. We hypothesize that the sunscreen pigments produced by Nostoc and Scytonema in the surface of crusts protect other, less-pigmented taxa. When fall and spring samples were compared, overall cyanobacterial frequency was lower in fall, while sunscreen pigment concentrations, chlorophyll a concentration, and F-v/F-m were higher in fall. The ratio of cyanobacterial frequency/chlorophyll a concentrations was 2-3 times lower in fall than spring. Because chlorophyll a is commonly used as a surrogate measure of soil cyanobacterial biomass, these results indicate that seasonality needs to be taken into consideration. In the fall sample, most pigments associated with UV radiation protection or repair were at their highest concentrations on pedicel tops and WSW microaspects, and at their lowest concentrations on ENE microaspects. We suggest that differential pigment concentrations between microaspects are induced by varying UV radiation dosage at the soil surface on these different microaspects. C1 USGS, BRD, Canyonlands Field Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Bowker, MA (reprint author), USGS, BRD, Canyonlands Field Stn, 2290 SW Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM jayne_belnap@usgs.gov NR 73 TC 98 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 1 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s00248-001-1013-9 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 539XA UT WOS:000174896300002 PM 11984625 ER PT J AU Vishnevskaya, VS Murchey, BL AF Vishnevskaya, VS Murchey, BL TI Climatic affinity and possible correlation of some Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous radiolarian assemblages from Russia and North America SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Meeting of the International Association of Radiolarian Paleontologists CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL BLAIRSDEN, CALIFORNIA SP Int Assoc Radiolarian Paleontologists ID COAST RANGE OPHIOLITE; PALEOGEOGRAPHIC ORIGINS; STANLEY MOUNTAIN; PALEOMAGNETISM; CALIFORNIA; TERRANES; PLATFORM; CHERT AB The recent distribution of ancient radiolarian faunas within the northern Pacific Rim does not reflect the initial location of paleoclimatic belts, and paleolatitudinal affinities are speculative. The correlation for typical Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous high-latitude boreal faunas of the Barents-Laptev-Upper Volga Basins with coeval eastern- and western-Pacific faunas is considered. The first appearance of typical Parvicingula Pessagno s.s. in the Bering-Okhotsk Region of Zone 7 and the abundance of Parvicingula in the lower Kimmeridgian ammonite Kitchini Zone (=Buchia concentrica Zone) of the Barents-Laptev-Volga Basin, as well as in Californian Subzone 2, where Buchia concentrica (Sowerby) was found in California and the ammonite Idoceras was collected in Mexico, presents opportunities to correlate these stratigraphic divisions. The first appearance of typical Parvicingula elegans Pessagno and Whalen (within the Buchia mosquensis Zone) in the Kimmeridgian of the Barents-Laptev-Volga Basin allows correlation of the top of Bering-Okhotsk Zone 7 with the top of the lower part of California Subzone 3. The middle Volgian Parvicingula haeckeli Zone (=Panderi Ammonite Zone) probably can be correlated with the upper part of Californian Subzone 3 due to the presence of Parvicingula jonesi Pessagno. The presence of Buchia piochii (Dabb) in the upper Volgian Subditus Zone of northern Russia, associated with Durangites in western North American strata, can be used to correlate the Pseudocrolanium planocephala - Sethocapsa devorata Assemblage-Zone with Californian Zone 4. The correlation of the Bering-Okhotsk and California radiolarian zonations is proposed. C1 RAN, Inst Lithosphere, Moscow 109180, Russia. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Vishnevskaya, VS (reprint author), RAN, Inst Lithosphere, Moscow 109180, Russia. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY 79TH ST AT CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0026-2803 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PY 2002 VL 48 SU 1 BP 89 EP 111 PG 23 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 566QA UT WOS:000176438700007 ER PT S AU Gontier, AM Ma, C Arias, EF Eubanks, TM Fey, AL Jacobs, CS Sovers, OJ Archinal, BA Charlot, P AF Gontier, AM Ma, C Arias, EF Eubanks, TM Fey, AL Jacobs, CS Sovers, OJ Archinal, BA Charlot, P BE Drewes, H Dow, JM TI Establishment of the ICRF SO NEW TRENDS IN SPACE GEODESY SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT B2 1-PSD1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission B held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Agenzia Spatiale Italiana, CNES, European Space Agcy, Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Geodesy ID REFERENCE FRAME SOURCES; ASTROMETRIC SUITABILITY; VLBA OBSERVATIONS; SYSTEM AB The International Celestial Reference Frame, is the basis for measurements from space geodesy and astrometry. It is defined by the positions of compact extragalactic radio sources measured by Very Long Baseline Interferometry and became the fundamental celestial reference frame as of 1 Jan 1998 after a lengthy, carefully conceived process of the International Astronomical Union. The construction of the International Celestial Reference Frame is discussed as well as its first extension issued in 1999. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RSA Syst, Florence, OR 97439 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Observ Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5804, F-33270 Floirac, France. RP Gontier, AM (reprint author), Observ Paris, 61 Ave Observ, F-75014 Paris, France. OI Eubanks, Thomas Marshall/0000-0001-9543-0414 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00283-1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV11T UT WOS:000177857000008 ER PT B AU McGarr, A Dubinski, J AF McGarr, A Dubinski, J BE Vouille, G Berest, P TI General report Theme 3: Rock dynamics and tectonophysics SO NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ROCK MECHANICS, VOL 3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Congress on Rock Mechanics CY AUG 25-28, 1999 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Bur Rech Geol & Min, Com Francais Mecan Sols, Com Francais Geol Ingn AB Issues of critical importance to the mining industry include underground safety and the economic extraction of coal and ore. Mining-induced seismicity, including coal bumps and rockbursts, is the result of interactions between underground operations and the ambient state of crustal stress. These seismic events pose a substantial threat to both underground safety and production. Additionally, the economic production of ore and coal, as well as attendant infrastructure development, involves optimizing techniques for either rock cutting or drilling and blasting. Similarly, improved understanding of rock-cutting principles can benefit hydrocarbon production by yielding better drilling bit designs that take account of microstructural rock properties. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McGarr, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-072-8 PY 2002 BP 1691 EP 1695 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BV52X UT WOS:000179255900017 ER PT B AU Leith, WS Kluchko, LJ Konovalov, VE AF Leith, WS Kluchko, LJ Konovalov, VE BE Vouille, G Berest, P TI Ongoing research experiments at the former Soviet nuclear test site in Eastern Kazakhstan SO NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ROCK MECHANICS, VOL 3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Congress on Rock Mechanics CY AUG 25-28, 1999 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Bur Rech Geol & Min, Com Francais Mecan Sols, Com Francais Geol Ingn AB Degelen mountain, located in Eastern Kazakhstan near the city of Semipalatinsk, was once the Soviets most active underground nuclear test site. Two hundred fifteen nuclear tests were conducted in 18 1 tunnels driven horizontally into its many ridges - almost twice the number of tests as at any other Soviet underground nuclear test site. It was also the site of the first Soviet underground nuclear test - a 1-kiloton device detonated on October 11, 1961. Until recently. the details of testing at Degelen were kept secret and have been the subject of considerable speculation. However, in 1991, the Semipalatinsk test site became part of the newly independent Republic of Kazakhstan; and in 1995, the Kazakhstan government concluded an agreement with the U.S. Department of Defense to eliminate the nuclear testing infrastructure in Kazakhstan. This agreement, which calls for the "demilitarization of the infrastructure directly associated with the nuclear weapons test tunnels," has been implemented as the "Degelen Mountain Tunnel Closure Program." The U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency, in partnership with the Department of Energy, has permitted the use of the tunnel closure project at the former nuclear test site as a foundation on which to support cost-effective, research-and-development-funded experiments. These experiments are principally designed to improve U.S. capabilities to monitor and verify the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), but have provided a new source of information on the effects of nuclear and chemical explosions on hard, fractured rock environments. These new data extends and confirms the results of recent Russian publications on the rock environment at the site and the mechanical effects of large-scale chemical and nuclear testing. In 1998, a large-scale tunnel closure experiment, Omega. 1, was conducted in Tunnel 2 14 at Degelen mountain. In this experiment, a 100-ton chemical explosive blast was used to test technologies for monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, and to calibrate a portion of the CTBT's International Monitoring System. This experiment has also provided important benchmark data on the mechanical behavior of hard, dense, fractured rock and has demonstrated the feasibility of fielding large-scale calibration explosions, which are specified as a "confidence-building measure" in the CTBT Protocol. Two other large-scale explosion experiments, Omega-2 and Omega-3, are planned for the summer of 1999 and 2000. Like the Tunnel 214 test, the 1999 experiment will include close-in monitoring of near-source effects, as well as contributing to the calibration of key seismic stations for the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. The Omega-3 test will examine the effect of multiple blasts on the fractured rock environment. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Leith, WS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-072-8 PY 2002 BP 1809 EP 1813 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BV52X UT WOS:000179255900025 ER PT J AU Whipple, MJ Gannam, AL Bartholomew, JL AF Whipple, MJ Gannam, AL Bartholomew, JL TI Inability to control ceratomyxosis in rainbow trout and steelhead with oral treatments of glucan immunostimulant or the fumagillin analog TNP-470 SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; MYXOSPOREAN PARASITE; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; SHASTA; DISEASE; EFFICACY; MYKISS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RESISTANCE; INFECTIONS AB Two oral treatments were tested for their ability to protect migratory hatchery salmonids against infection by the myxozoan parasite Ceratomyxa shasta. Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout) were fed a diet containing either the immunomodulatory compound MacroGard (a glucan from yeast) or the antiparasitic drug fumagillin (from Aspergillus fumigatus). MacroGard was administered in the feed at 2% and 4% of the diet. At the 2% level, the fish were either fed for 14 d before the exposure to the parasite or for 14 d before and after exposure; at the 4% level, the drug was administered for 14 d before the challenge. Fumagillin analog TNP-470 was top-coated on the feed to achieve a dose of 3 or 10 mg X kg fish (1) X d(-1). The lower dose was administered for 14 d before exposure or for 14 d before and after exposure; fish given the higher dose were fed the drug only prior to exposure. When administered at 2%, MacroGard significantly increased the mean time to death; however, the effect of treatment on survival rate was not significant. Fumagillin fed at either dose significantly decreased the percentage of fish that became infected in one trial, yet overall survival rate was not affected. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Bartholomew, JL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Nash Hall 220, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 64 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1577/1548-8454(2002)064<0001:ITCCIR>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 516XE UT WOS:000173581400001 ER PT J AU Jodun, WA Millard, MJ Mohler, J AF Jodun, WA Millard, MJ Mohler, J TI The effect of rearing density on growth, survival, and feed conversion of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID CULTURE AB We investigated the effect of rearing density on the growth and survival of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus using initial rearing densities ranging from 10 to 30 fish per tank or 3.6-10.9 kg/m(2) of substrate. The mean weight of fish at the start of the trial was 368.7 g. After 7 weeks of rearing, density ranged from 6.5 to 16.3 kg/m2 (14.7-36.6 g/L). Fish reared at the lowest density had significantly higher mean weight and length at the end of the trial. Growth over the 7-week experiment was modeled as a function of time, and growth rate was inversely proportional to density. The mean increase in total biomass was 63.14%, and the mean daily length gain was 0.23%. Overall survival was 99.7%, and calculated feed conversion rates ranged from 1.93 to 2.65. However. feed conversion rates were likely not at maximum levels due to the selection of a relatively high experimental feeding rate (2.5% of body weight per day). C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Jodun, WA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, POB 75, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 64 IS 1 BP 10 EP 15 DI 10.1577/1548-8454(2002)064<0010:TEORDO>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 516XE UT WOS:000173581400002 ER PT J AU Banks, JL LaMotte, EM AF Banks, JL LaMotte, EM TI Effects of four density levels on tule fall chinook salmon during hatchery rearing and after release SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID COHO SALMON; SURVIVAL; CULTURE; POND AB Tule fall chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were reared in a hatchery with a semiclosed water recycle and reconditioning system at a customary density of 364,000 fish per pond and at reduced densities of 273,000, 182,000, and 91,000 fish per pond. Fingerlings from four brood years were used to evaluate rearing density effects on growth and mortality during rearing and on smolt survival and adult contribution after release. During the rearing of each brood, about one-third of the original population in each pond was released by random removal in March and a second third was released in April. All remaining fish were released in May. An inverse relationship was apparent between rearing density and fingerling growth (R = -0.868). Rearing losses were low (<1.4%) in all test groups and were not affected by density. Decreased levels of rearing density produced only limited and inconsistent increases in smolt survival rate (from 0.18% to 0.27%) after release. This weakness in treatment effects was reflected in a nearly linear relationship (R = 0.985) between decreased rearing density and decreased adult contribution and return to the hatchery. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Banks, JL (reprint author), 2363 40th Ave,8, Longview, WA 98632 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 64 IS 1 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.1577/1548-8454(2002)064<0024:EOFDLO>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 516XE UT WOS:000173581400004 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AJ Goodwin, AE Salmon, MJ Brandt, TM AF Mitchell, AJ Goodwin, AE Salmon, MJ Brandt, TM TI Experimental infection of an exotic heterophyid trematode, Centrocestus formosanus, in four aquaculture fishes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID CYPRINUS-CARPIO; MEXICO; METACERCARIAE; NISHIGORI; DIGENEA AB Centrocestus formosanus, an exotic digenetic trematode that was recently found infecting wild fish in Texas, was evaluated to determine whether it could infect four propagated warmwater fish species. Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, sunshine bass (the hybrid of female white bass Morone chrysops and male striped bass Morone saxatilis), golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas, and fathead minnows Pimephales promelas were experimentally infected with cercariae of C. formosanus. The trematodes were embedded along the gill filament cartilage. Cyst production, cartilage displacement, and hyperplasia of the lamellar epithelium were observed in wet mounts of sunshine bass and fathead minnow gills. These pathological changes also occurred in golden shiners and channel catfish but appeared to be delayed and less pronounced. Histological examination showed that the parasites were encased in cartilage, and distorted areas were evident in the filament cartilage. Because this trematode has the ability to infect and produce lesions in these fish, it could pose problems for the producers of commercially raised baitfish and food fish. C1 ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Pine Bluff, AR USA. SW Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, Aquat Stn, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Mitchell, AJ (reprint author), ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, USDA, POB 860, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 64 IS 1 BP 55 EP 59 DI 10.1577/1548-8454(2002)064<0055:EIOAEH>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 516XE UT WOS:000173581400007 ER PT J AU King, K Farrell, P AF King, K Farrell, P TI Sensitivity of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon to three therapeutic chemicals used in aquaculture SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID OSMOREGULATION; WATER AB Static tests were performed to determine the acute toxicities of formalin. chloramine-T, and sodium chloride on juvenile Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus (average weight, 2.1 g) in oxygen-saturated dilution water (total hardness, 86.5 mg/L) at 17degreesC. The concentrations that were lethal to 50% of the test fish over a 96-h period (the 96-h LC50 values) were 31.00 muL/L for formalin, 7.73 mg/L for chloramine-T, and 9.735 g/L for sodium chloride. These findings indicate that the therapeutic concentrations and exposure times that are commonly employed in aquaculture would not be acutely toxic to Atlantic sturgeon. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP King, K (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 64 IS 1 BP 60 EP 65 DI 10.1577/1548-8454(2002)064<0060:SOJAST>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 516XE UT WOS:000173581400008 ER PT J AU Erwin, RM Conway, CJ Hadden, SW AF Erwin, RM Conway, CJ Hadden, SW TI Species occurrence of marsh birds at Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB We initiated an inventory and a field test of a protocol that could be used for monitoring marsh birds at the Cape Cod National Seashore in eastern Massachusetts during 1999 and 2000, as part of a more comprehensive national effort. Using cassette tapes during call broadcast surveys, we visited a total of 78 survey points at freshwater, brackish, and salt marsh sites three times on the ground or in canoes during the breeding season (May-June), fall migration (September to November), and twice during winter (December-January). Observer bias on our marsh bird surveys appeared negligible. Although both auditory and visual detection of most species was low (mean < 0.3 birds per replicate-survey point), we confirmed the presence of seven marsh species, including American Bittern (Botaurits lentiginosus), Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis), American Coot (Fulica americana), King Rail (Rallus elegans), Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), Sora (Porzana carolina), and Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola). We suspected breeding of Least Bitterns and Soras at Great Pond in Provincetown, and for Virginia Rails at Hatches Harbor, Provincetown. The most frequently detected species were Soras, Pied-billed Grebes, and Virginia Rails. We recommend using call broadcast surveys for these cryptic, species to enhance their probabilities of detection. C1 Univ Virginia, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. USGS Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Cape Cod Natl Seashore, Natl Pk Serv, Wellfleet, MA 02667 USA. RP Erwin, RM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 10 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 575HM UT WOS:000176940900001 ER PT J AU Riva-Murray, K Bode, RW Phillips, PJ Wall, GL AF Riva-Murray, K Bode, RW Phillips, PJ Wall, GL TI Impact source determination with biomonitoring data in New York State: Concordance with environmental data SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID RUNNING-WATER SITES; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; RAPID ASSESSMENT; BIOTIC INDEX; IDENTIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; PREDICTION; POLLUTION; HABITAT AB An Impact Source Determination method, used to identify point and nonpoint sources of impacts to stream water quality on the basis of benthic macroinvertebrates, was examined for concordance with impairment sources inferred from chemical and physical site characteristics, watershed characteristics, and biomonitoring results collected from 26 sites in the Hudson River Basin during 1993-94. Most classifications agreed with the resulting interpretations; site locations on Canonical Correspondence Analysis triplots corresponded with interpretation of environmental gradients as (1) overall pollution including organic enrichment and contaminants from point and nonpoint Sources, (2) nonpoint nutrients from both agricultural and urban sources, and (3) sediment and suspended organic carbon from agricultural runoff. High-level taxonomic resolution was important in identifying the environmental gradients, and may be necessary for impairment source identification. C1 US Geol Survey, Water Resources Div, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Stream Biomonitoring Unit, New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Water Resources Div, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM krmurray@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 10 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 127 EP 162 DI 10.2307/3858392 PG 36 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 569NT UT WOS:000176609000001 ER PT J AU Reid, JW Hudson, PL Bowen, CA AF Reid, JW Hudson, PL Bowen, CA TI Northwestward range extension for Diacyclops harryi (Crustacea : Copepoda) SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB A recent find of the groundwater-inhabiting copepod crustacean Diacyclops harryi extended the known range of this species far northwestward, to include northern Ohio and the drainage basin of the Laurentian Great Lakes. The species was previously collected in drainages of the Atlantic Slope from New York to North Carolina. Ostracodes tentatively identified as ?Nannocandona n. sp., and amphipods belonging to the subterranean species Bactrurus mucronatus were also found at the Ohio locality. C1 Virginia Museum Nat Hist, Martinsville, VA 24112 USA. United States Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Reid, JW (reprint author), Virginia Museum Nat Hist, 1100 Cherokee Court, Martinsville, VA 24112 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 243 EP 244 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 569NT UT WOS:000176609000010 ER PT J AU Able, KW Fahay, MP Heck, KL Roman, CT Lazzari, MA Kaiser, SC AF Able, KW Fahay, MP Heck, KL Roman, CT Lazzari, MA Kaiser, SC TI Seasonal distribution and abundance of fishes and decapod crustaceans in a Cape Cod estuary SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NEW-ENGLAND ESTUARY; SALT-MARSH; NEW-JERSEY; ATLANTIC SILVERSIDE; EELGRASS MEADOWS; MENIDIA-MENIDIA; HABITAT USE; PATTERNS; BIOMASS; MASSACHUSETTS AB Sampling in several habitat types (sand/mud, eelgrass, sand, gravel, macroalgae/mud) during all seasons with a variety of gears in Nauset Marsh, Massachusetts during 1985-1987 found a fauna consisting of 35 fish and 10 decapod crustacean species. Although most of the abundant species were found in several habitat types, species richness and habitat use appeared to be highest for vegetated habitats (eelgrass, macroalgae). The fishes and decapods were numerically dominated by cold-water taxa; however, numerous fish species, represented by rare individuals of predominantly southern forms, enriched the fauna. Species composition of Nauset Marsh could be distinguished from estuaries south of Cape Cod and even from the south shore of the cape. Both fishes and decapods were most abundant during the summer, apparently due to the contributions from spring and summer spawning in the estuary and the adjacent Atlantic Ocean. The location of Nauset Marsh and other estuaries on Cape Cod provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the importance of this region as a faunal boundary to estuarine species. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Marine Field Stn, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. Marine Environm Sci Consortium, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. Univ S Alabama, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Dept Marine Resources, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. RP Able, KW (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Marine Field Stn, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. EM able@imcs.rutgers.edu; mike.fahay@noaa.gov; kheck@jaguar1.usouthal.edu; charles_roman@usgs.gov; mark_lazzari@state.me.us NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2002 VL 9 IS 3 BP 285 EP 302 DI 10.2307/3858472 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 601WZ UT WOS:000178472900003 ER PT J AU Bowers, JE Turner, RM AF Bowers, JE Turner, RM TI The influence of climatic variability on local populations dynamics of Cercidium microphyllum (foothill paloverde) SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE age frequency distribution; mortality; regeneration; Sonoran Desert; survivorship ID SONORAN DESERT; VEGETATION CHANGE; ESTABLISHMENT; DEMOGRAPHY; SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; CACTI AB This study investigated correlations among climatic variability, population age structure, and seedling survival of a dominant Sonoran Desert tree, Cercidium microphyllum (foothill paloverde), at Tucson, Arizona, USA. A major goal was to determine whether wet years promote seedling establishment and thereby, determine population structure. Plant age was estimated from basal circumference for a sample of 980 living and dead trees in twelve 0.5-ha plots. Ages ranged from 1 to 181 years. Age frequency distribution showed that the population is in decline. Most (51.2%) of the 814 living trees were 40-80 years old; only 6.5% were younger than 20 years. The average age of the 166 dead trees was 78 years. Fifty-nine percent of dead trees were aged 60-100 years. Survival of newly emerged seedlings was monitored for 7 years in a 557-m(2) permanent plot. Mean survival in the 1st year of life was 1.7%. Only 2 of 1,008 seedlings lived longer than 1 year. Length of survival was not correlated with rainfall. Residual regeneration, an index of the difference between predicted arid observed cohort size, showed that regeneration was high during the first half of the twentieth century and poor after the mid-1950s. Trends in regeneration did not reflect interannual variation in seasonal temperature or rain before 1950, that is, in the years before urban warming. Taken together, the seedling study and the regeneration analysis suggest that local population dynamics reflect biotic factors to such an extent that population age structure might not always be a reliable clue to past climatic influences. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Bowers, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1675 W Anklam Rd, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JAN PY 2002 VL 130 IS 1 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1007/s004420100779 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 507MP UT WOS:000173032500012 ER PT J AU Kvenvolden, KA AF Kvenvolden, KA TI History of the recognition of organic geochemistry in geoscience SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The discipline of organic geochemistry is an outgrowth of the application of the principles and methods of organic chemistry to sedimentary geology. Its origin goes back to the last part of the nineteenth century and the first part of the twentieth century concurrent with the evolution of the applied discipline of petroleum geochemistry. In fact, organic geochemistry was strongly influenced by developments in petroleum geochemistry. Now, however, organic geochemistry is considered an umbrella geoscience discipline of which petroleum geochemistry is an important component. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kvenvolden, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 4 BP 517 EP 521 AR PII S0146-6380(01)00172-3 DI 10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00172-3 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 545BN UT WOS:000175196500010 ER PT J AU Lewan, MD Ruble, TE AF Lewan, MD Ruble, TE TI Comparison of petroleum generation kinetics by isothermal hydrous and nonisothermal open-system pyrolysis SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry CY SEP 10-14, 2001 CL NANCY, FRANCE ID SOURCE ROCKS; UINTA BASIN; OIL; TEMPERATURE; PARAMETERS; WATER; MICROPYROLYSIS; EVOLUTION; KEROGEN; SHALE AB This study compares kinetic parameters determined by open-system pyrolysis and hydrous pyrolysis using aliquots of source rocks containing different kerogen types. Kinetic parameters derived from these two pyrolysis methods not only differ in the conditions employed and products generated, but also in the derivation of the kinetic parameters (i.e., isothermal linear regression and non-isothermal nonlinear regression). Results of this comparative study show that there is no correlation between kinetic parameters derived from hydrous pyrolysis and open-system pyrolysis. Hydrous-pyrolysis kinetic parameters determine narrow oil windows that occur over a wide range of temperatures and depths depending in part on the organic-sulfur content of the original kerogen. Conversely, open-system kinetic parameters determine broad oil windows that show no significant differences with kerogen types or their organic-sulfur contents. Comparisons of the kinetic parameters in a hypothetical thermal-burial history (2.5 degreesC/my) show open-system kinetic parameters significantly underestimate the extent and timing of oil generation for Type-IIS kerogen and significantly overestimate the extent and timing of petroleum formation for Type-I kerogen compared to hydrous pyrolysis kinetic parameters. These hypothetical differences determined by the kinetic parameters are supported by natural thermal-burial histories for the Naokelekan source rock (Type-IIS kerogen) in the Zagros basin of Iraq and for the Green River Formation (Type-I kerogen) in the Uinta basin of Utah. Differences in extent and timing of oil generation determined by open-system pyrolysis and hydrous pyrolysis can be attributed to the former not adequately simulating natural oil generation conditions, products, and mechanisms. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Lewan, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 977, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 69 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 5 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1457 EP 1475 AR PII S0146-6380(02)00182-1 DI 10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00182-1 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 628AV UT WOS:000179970300013 ER PT J AU Franson, JC Hollmen, T Hario, M Kilpi, M Finley, DL AF Franson, JC Hollmen, T Hario, M Kilpi, M Finley, DL TI Lead and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in blood of Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima) from the Finnish archipelago SO ORNIS FENNICA LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; EXPOSURE; CANVASBACKS; INGESTION; SURVIVAL; FINLAND; SHOT C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Univ Helsinki, Fac Vet Med, Dept Vet Basic Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Finnish Game & Fisheries Res Inst, FIN-00721 Helsinki, Finland. Sydvast Polytech, ARONIA Ctr Environm Res, FIN-10600 Ekenas, Finland. Abo Acad Univ, FIN-10600 Ekenas, Finland. RP Franson, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU FINNISH ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI HELSINKI PA PO BOX 17 P RAUTATIEKATU 13,, FIN-00014 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0030-5685 J9 ORNIS FENNICA JI Ornis Fenn. PY 2002 VL 79 IS 2 BP 87 EP 91 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 576DU UT WOS:000176988200005 ER PT B AU Lins, HF Cohn, T AF Lins, HF Cohn, T BE Thorndycraft, VR Benito, G Barriendos, M Llasat, MC TI Floods in the greenhouse: Spinning the right tale SO PALAEOFLOODS, HISTORICAL DATA AND CLIMATIC VARIABILITY: APPLICATIONS IN FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT PHEFRA International Workshop CY OCT 16-19, 2002 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Spanish Commiss Sci & Technol, Gen Catalunya, Dept Environm, Gen Catalunya, Dept Interior, CSIC ID UNITED-STATES; STREAMFLOW; TRENDS; FREQUENCY AB An element of human-enhanced greenhouse theory is that the hydrological cycle will accelerate. This has led some to hypothesize that extreme events, such as floods and droughts, may increase in frequency and/or severity. Indeed, published studies indicate that precipitation has increased in recent decades, and some have characterized these increases as occurring in "extreme" precipitation. Significantly, however, recent empirical studies from North America and Europe find no evidence of an increase in flood frequency or magnitude during the Twentieth Century, although increases in low to moderate streamflows have been widely reported. What, then, are the likely effects of greenhouse warming on streamflow in general, and on floods in particular? We consider this question using data and the published literature with respect to two issues: What is known about the sensitivity of various return-period floods and annual precipitation? What is the real significance of a given percentage change in precipitation on a flow quantile (e.g., Q(100) versus Q(mean))? We find that the precipitation sensitivity of mean streamflow is much greater than that of peak streamflow, and that precipitation sensitivity decreases as flood return period increases. This leads us to conclude that human-induced greenhouse warming is more likely to produce noticeable and significant changes in the mean state Of hydrological regimes than in hydrological extremes. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 415, Reston, VA USA. RP Lins, HF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 415, Reston, VA USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CONSEJO SUPERIOR INVESTIGACIONES CIENT, CISC PI MADRID PA SERRANO 115 DPDO, 28006 MADRID, SPAIN BN 84-921958-2-7 PY 2002 BP 263 EP 268 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; History SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; History GA BY35D UT WOS:000189002600040 ER PT J AU Torchin, ME Lafferty, KD Kuris, AM AF Torchin, ME Lafferty, KD Kuris, AM TI Parasites and marine invasions SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE parasite; pathogen; disease; introduced species; biological invasion ID HETEROSACCUS-DOLLFUSI BOSCHMA; CHARYBDIS-LONGICOLLIS LEENE; LITTORINA-LITTOREA L; LARVAL DIGENEA; ILYANASSA-OBSOLETA; CARCINUS-MAENAS; UNITED-STATES; GREEN CRAB; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; ASTERIAS-AMURENSIS AB Introduced marine species are a major environmental and economic problem. The rate of these biological invasions has substantially increased in recent years due to the globalization of the world's economies. The damage caused by invasive species is often a result of the higher densities and larger sizes they attain compared to where they are native. A prominent hypothesis explaining the success of introduced species is that they are relatively free of the effects of natural enemies. Most notably, they may encounter fewer parasites in their introduced range compared to their native range. Parasites are ubiquitous and pervasive in marine systems, yet their role in marine invasions is relatively unexplored. Although data on parasites of marine organisms exist, the extent to which parasites can mediate marine invasions, or the extent to which invasive parasites and pathogens are responsible for infecting or potentially decimating native marine species have not been examined. In this review, we present a theoretical framework to model invasion success and examine the evidence for a relationship between parasite presence and the success of introduced marine species. For this, we compare the prevalence and species richness of parasites in several introduced populations of marine species with populations where they are native. We also discuss the potential impacts of introduced marine parasites on native ecosystems. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Torchin, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM torchin@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 158 TC 110 Z9 114 U1 4 U2 77 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 EI 1469-8161 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PY 2002 VL 124 SU S BP S137 EP S151 DI 10.1017/S0031182002001506 PG 15 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 607VD UT WOS:000178810700010 ER PT S AU Collett, TS AF Collett, TS BE Downey, MW Threet, JC Morgan, WA TI Natural-gas hydrates: Resource of the twenty-first century? SO PETROLEUM PROVINCES OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY SE AAPG MEMOIRS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Petroleum Provinces of the 21st Century CY JAN 12-15, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Assoc Petr Geologists Fdn ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; METHANE HYDRATE; RESERVOIR; SLOPE; AREA; SEA AB Although considerable uncertainty and disagreement prevail concerning the world's gashydrate resources, the estimated amount of gas in those gas-hydrate accumulations greatly exceeds the volume of known conventional gas reserves. However, the role that gas hydrates will play in contributing to the world's energy requirements will ultimately depend less on the volume of gas-hydrate resources than on the cost to extract them. Gas hydrates occur in sedimentary deposits under conditions of pressure and temperature present in permafrost regions and beneath the sea in outer continental margins. The combined information from arctic gas-hydrate studies shows that in permafrost regions, gas hydrates may exist at subsurface depths ranging from about 130 m to 2000 m. The presence of gas hydrates in offshore continental margins has been inferred mainly from anomalous seismic reflectors (known as bottom-simulating reflectors) that have been mapped at depths below the seafloor ranging from approximately 100 m to 1100 m. Current estimates of the amount of gas in the world's marine and permafrost gas-hydrate accumulations are in rough accord at about 20,000 trillion m(3). Gas hydrate as an energy commodity is often grouped with other unconventional hydrocarbon resources. In most cases, the evolution of a nonproducible unconventional resource to a producible energy resource has relied on significant capital investment and technology development. To evaluate the energy-resource potential of gas hydrates will also require the support of sustained research and development programs. Despite the fact that relatively little is known about the ultimate resource potential of gas hydrates, it is certain that they are a vast storehouse of natural gas, and significant technical challenges will need to be met before this enormous resource can be considered an economically producible reserve. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Collett, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101-0949 USA SN 0271-8529 BN 0-89181-355-1 J9 AAPG MEMOIR PY 2002 VL 74 BP 85 EP 108 PG 24 WC Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BU64R UT WOS:000176593600007 ER PT S AU Bird, KJ AF Bird, KJ BE Downey, MW Threet, JC Morgan, WA TI Alaska: A twenty-first-century petroleum province SO PETROLEUM PROVINCES OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY SE AAPG MEMOIRS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Petroleum Provinces of the 21st Century CY JAN 12-15, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Assoc Petr Geologists Fdn ID NORTHEASTERN BROOKS RANGE; NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE; NORTH SLOPE; CRUSTAL TRANSECT; CANADA BASIN; ARCTIC-OCEAN; PRUDHOE BAY; FIELD; RESERVOIR AB Alaska, the least explored of all United States regions, is estimated to contain approximately 40% of total U.S. undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and natural-gas resources, based on the most recent U.S. Department of the Interior (U.S. Geological Survey and Minerals Management Service) estimates. Northern Alaska, including the North Slope and adjacent Beaufort and Chukchi continental shelves, holds the lion's share of the total Alaskan endowment of more than 30 billion barrels (4.8 billion m(3)) of oil and natural-gas liquids plus nearly 200 trillion cubic feet (5.7 trillion m(3)) of natural gas. This geologically complex region includes prospective strata within passive-margin, rift, and foreland-basin sequences. Multiple source-rock zones have charged several regionally extensive petroleum systems. Extensional and compressional structures provide ample structural objectives. In addition, recent emphasis on stratigraphic traps has demonstrated significant resource potential in shelf and turbidite systems in Jurassic to Tertiary strata. Despite robust potential, northern Alaska remains a risky exploration frontier-a nexus of geologic complexity, harsh economic conditions, and volatile policy issues. Its role as a major petroleum province in this century will depend on continued technological innovations, not only in exploration and drilling operations, but also in development of huge, currently unmarketable natural-gas resources. Ultimately, policy decisions will determine whether exploration of arctic Alaska will proceed. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bird, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 113 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS PI TULSA PA PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101-0949 USA SN 0271-8529 BN 0-89181-355-1 J9 AAPG MEMOIR PY 2002 VL 74 BP 137 EP 165 PG 29 WC Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BU64R UT WOS:000176593600009 ER PT J AU Gesch, D Oimoen, M Greenlee, S Nelson, C Steuck, M Tyler, D AF Gesch, D Oimoen, M Greenlee, S Nelson, C Steuck, M Tyler, D TI The National Elevation Dataset SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. OI Gesch, Dean/0000-0002-8992-4933; Tyler, Dean/0000-0002-1542-7539 NR 9 TC 402 Z9 408 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 68 IS 1 BP 5 EP + PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 511QU UT WOS:000173277700001 ER PT J AU Smith, JH Wickham, JD Stehman, SV Yang, LM AF Smith, JH Wickham, JD Stehman, SV Yang, LM TI Impacts of patch size and land-cover heterogeneity on thematic image classification accuracy SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; DEFORESTATION AB Landscape characteristics such as small patch size and land-cover heterogeneity have been hypothesized to increase the likelihood of mis-classifying pixels during thematic image classification. However, there has been a lack of empirical evidence to support these hypotheses. This study utilizes data gathered as part of the accuracy assessment of the 1992 National Land Cover Data (NLCD) set to identify and quantify the impacts of land-cover heterogeneity and patch size on classification accuracy. Logistic regression is employed to assess the impacts of these variables, as well as the impact of land-cover class information. The results reveal that accuracy decreases as land-cover heterogeneity increases and as patch size decreases. These landscape variables remain significant factors in explaining classification accuracy even when adjusted for their confounding association with land-cover class information. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Characterizat Branch MD56, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US Geol Survey, Eros Data Ctr, Raytheon ITSS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Smith, JH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Characterizat Branch MD56, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 29 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 68 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 511QU UT WOS:000173277700007 ER PT J AU Moench, RH Aleinikoff, JN AF Moench, RH Aleinikoff, JN TI Stratigraphy, geochronology, and accretionary terrane settings of two Bronson Hill arc sequences, northern New England SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH LA English DT Review ID WESTERN NEW-ENGLAND; CHAIN LAKES MASSIF; PB ZIRCON AGES; QUEBEC APPALACHIANS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; TACONIAN OROGENY; CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS; AMMONOOSUC VOLCANICS; MAINE APPALACHIANS AB The Ammonoosuc Volcanics, Partridge Formation, and the Oliverian and Highlandcroft Plutonic Suites of the Bronson Hill anticlinorium (BHA) in axial New England are widely accepted as a single Middle to Late Ordovician magmatic arc that was active during closure of Iapetus. Mapping and U-Pb dating indicate, however, that the BHA contains two volcano-sedimentary-intrusive sequences of probable opposite subduction polarity, here termed the Ammonoosuc and Quimby sequences. The Ammonoosuc sequence is defined by the Middle Ordovician Ammonoosuc Volcanics near Littleton, N.H., the type area, northeast to Milan, N.H., and Oquossoc, Me.; it also includes black slate of the Partidge Formation (C bicornis zone graptolites, similar to457 Ma). Related metamorphosed intrusive are the tonalitic Joslin Turn pluton (469 2 Ma), the Cambridge Black granitic pluton (468 +/- 3 Ma), and gabbro, tonalite (467 +/- 4 Ma), and sheeted diabase of the Chickwolnepy instructions. These intrusives cut lowermost Ammonoosuc (therefore >469 Ma). Probable uppermost Ammonoosuc is dated at 465 +/- 6 and 461 +/- 8 Ma. Successively below the Ammonoosuc are the Dead River and Hurricane Mountain Formations (flysch and melange), and the Jim Pond Formation (484 5 Ma) and Boil Mountain Complex (both ophiolite), which are structurally underlain by the Neoproterozoic(?) Chain Lakes massif. The Quimby sequence is defined by the Lower Silurian(?) to Upper Ordovician Quimby Formation, composed of bimodal volcanics (443 +/- 4 Ma) and sulfidic shale and graywacke that lie conformably to unconformably above the Ammonoosuc Volcanics and Partridge Formation. Also in the Quimby sequence are several granitic to sparsely gabbroic plutons of the Highlandcroft (441452 Ma) and Oliverian (435-456 Ma) Plutonic Suites, which intrude the Dead River, Ammonoosuc and Partridge, but not the Quimby Formation. Based on faunal, paleolatitude, and isotropic data, the Ammonoosuc sequence and its correlative-and underlying sequences formed off the southern Laurentian margin, but northwest of the principal Iapetan suture, or Red Indian line (RIL). The Boil Mountain-Jim Pond-Hurricane Mountain sequence was ramped northwestward over the Chain Lakes massif at similar to475 Ma, on the basal Boil Mountain surface. This obduction probably occurred slightly before obduction on the Baie Verte-Brompton surface (BBL), farther NW, over the Laurentian margin, and was followed by Dead River flysch sedimentation, which ended with the abrupt onset of Ammonoosuc-sequence arc magmatism at similar to470 Ma. Ammonoosuc eruptions probably ended at similar to460 Ma, when Iapetus closed along the Red Indian line. During a following magmatic hiatus of similar to3-5 m.y., now represented by portions of the Partridge Formation that overlie the Ammonoosuc Volcanics, subduction polarity reversed, and subduction resumed below the northwest-dipping Brunswick subduction complex (BSC) of New Brunswick, Canada. Quimby-sequence magmatism (similar to456-435 Ma) on the the newly accreted Laurentian margin occurred above the BSC, whose footwall is now buried to the southeast by mainly Silurian clastic sediments of the Merrimack-Fredericton trough, deposited in the "Fredericton Sea". In Silurian to Early Devonian time, the NW-dipping BSC footwall was paired with a SE-dipping subduction zone that produced arc magmas of the Coastal Volcanic belt, built on the composite Avalon and adjacent peri-Avalonian terranes. Orogen-normal extension produced by rapid rollback of both subduction zones narrowed the Fredericton Sea, produced the Central Maine and Connecticut Valley-Gaspe basins, and culminated in the Acadian orogeny when the sea completely closed in Early Devonian time. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Moench, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 905, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 179 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1474-7065 J9 PHYS CHEM EARTH JI Phys. Chem. Earth PD JAN PY 2002 VL 27 IS 1-3 BP 47 EP 95 AR PII S1474-7065(01)00003-1 DI 10.1016/S1474-7065(01)00003-1 PG 49 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 646FY UT WOS:000181026000003 ER PT B AU Thomas, K Keeler-Wolf, T Franklin, J AF Thomas, K Keeler-Wolf, T Franklin, J BE Scott, JM Heglund, PJ Morrison, ML Haufler, JB Raphael, MG Wall, WA Samson, FB TI A comparison of fine- and coarse-resolution environmental variables toward predicting vegetation distribution in the Mojave Desert SO PREDICTING SPECIES OCCURRENCES: ISSUES OF ACCURACY AND SCALE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Predicting Species Occurrences CY OCT, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Thomas, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-787-0 PY 2002 BP 133 EP 139 PG 7 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Zoology GA BW49E UT WOS:000182160100010 ER PT B AU Hahn, DC O'Connor, RJ AF Hahn, DC O'Connor, RJ BE Scott, JM Heglund, PJ Morrison, ML Haufler, JB Raphael, MG Wall, WA Samson, FB TI Contrasting determinants of abundance in ancestral and colonized ranges of an invasive brood parasite SO PREDICTING SPECIES OCCURRENCES: ISSUES OF ACCURACY AND SCALE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Predicting Species Occurrences CY OCT, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT C1 USGS, Pautuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Hahn, DC (reprint author), USGS, Pautuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-787-0 PY 2002 BP 219 EP 228 PG 10 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Zoology GA BW49E UT WOS:000182160100017 ER PT B AU Johnson, DH Sargeant, GA AF Johnson, DH Sargeant, GA BE Scott, JM Heglund, PJ Morrison, ML Haufler, JB Raphael, MG Wall, WA Samson, FB TI Toward better atlases: Improving presence-absence information SO PREDICTING SPECIES OCCURRENCES: ISSUES OF ACCURACY AND SCALE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Predicting Species Occurrences CY OCT, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT C1 USGS No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Grasslands Ecosyst Initiat, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Johnson, DH (reprint author), USGS No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Grasslands Ecosyst Initiat, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-787-0 PY 2002 BP 391 EP 397 PG 7 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Zoology GA BW49E UT WOS:000182160100033 ER PT B AU van Manen, FT Clark, JD Schlarbaum, SE Johnson, K Taylor, G AF van Manen, FT Clark, JD Schlarbaum, SE Johnson, K Taylor, G BE Scott, JM Heglund, PJ Morrison, ML Haufler, JB Raphael, MG Wall, WA Samson, FB TI A model to predict the occurrence of surviving butternut trees in the southern Blue Ridge Mountains SO PREDICTING SPECIES OCCURRENCES: ISSUES OF ACCURACY AND SCALE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Predicting Species Occurrences CY OCT, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT C1 Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Field Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP van Manen, FT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Field Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-787-0 PY 2002 BP 491 EP 497 PG 7 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Zoology GA BW49E UT WOS:000182160100043 ER PT B AU Angermeier, PL Krueger, KL Dolloff, CA AF Angermeier, PL Krueger, KL Dolloff, CA BE Scott, JM Heglund, PJ Morrison, ML Haufler, JB Raphael, MG Wall, WA Samson, FB TI Discontinuity in stream-fish distributions: Implications for assessing and predicting species occurrence SO PREDICTING SPECIES OCCURRENCES: ISSUES OF ACCURACY AND SCALE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Predicting Species Occurrences CY OCT, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Angermeier, PL (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-787-0 PY 2002 BP 519 EP 527 PG 9 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Zoology GA BW49E UT WOS:000182160100046 ER PT B AU Dettmers, R Buehler, DA Bartlett, JB AF Dettmers, R Buehler, DA Bartlett, JB BE Scott, JM Heglund, PJ Morrison, ML Haufler, JB Raphael, MG Wall, WA Samson, FB TI A test and comparison of wildlife-habitat modeling techniques for predicting bird occurrence at a regional scale SO PREDICTING SPECIES OCCURRENCES: ISSUES OF ACCURACY AND SCALE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Predicting Species Occurrences CY OCT, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA. RP Dettmers, R (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-787-0 PY 2002 BP 607 EP 615 PG 9 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Zoology GA BW49E UT WOS:000182160100054 ER PT B AU Kuperman, BI Matey, VE Warburton, ML Fisher, RN AF Kuperman, BI Matey, VE Warburton, ML Fisher, RN GP MONDUZZI EDITORE MONDUZZI EDITORE MONDUZZI EDITORE TI Introduced parasites of freshwater fish in Southern California, USA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PARASITOLOGY-ICOPA X: SYMPOSIA, WORKSHOPS AND CONTRIBUTED PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress of Parasitology (ICOPA X) CY AUG 04-09, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Zool, Amer Soc Parasitol AB In 1999-2001, six species of native fish and eleven species of non-native fish (a total of 1,993 specimens) were collected in 14 coastal watersheds of Southern California and examined for parasites. Three species of introduced parasites, a cestode Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, a protozoan Ichthyophthrius multifilliis, and a crustacean Lernaea cyprinacea were widely distributed in the region. B. acheilognathi was found in 9 watersheds in two species of native and five species of non-native fish, L multifilliis in 4 watersheds in three native species, and L. cyprinacea in 4 watersheds in three native and four non-native species of fish. C1 San Diego State Univ, US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Kuperman, BI (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-2804-6 PY 2002 BP 407 EP 411 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA BV33N UT WOS:000178613200070 ER PT B AU Mazik, PM Simco, BA Parker, NC AF Mazik, PM Simco, BA Parker, NC BE Eversole, AG TI Influence of water hardness, salts, and MS-222 on survival of phase I striped bass during and after transport SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-SIXTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Conference of the Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY OCT 26-30, 2002 CL Baltimore, MD SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies ID STRESS AB Phase I striped bass hauled in varying levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) had significantly higher survival than fish hauled in varying levels of calcium chloride (CaCl2), regardless if the fish came from a hard water or soft water hatchery. The addition of MS-222 to the transport water did not have a beneficial effect on phase I striped bass survival. C1 W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Mazik, PM (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI TALLAHASSEE PA 8005 FRESHWATER FARMS RD, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32308 USA PY 2002 BP 75 EP 78 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BY52V UT WOS:000189400700008 ER PT B AU Runner, MS Floyd, T AF Runner, MS Floyd, T BE Creswell, RL TI Water quality monitoring and data collection in the Mississippi Sound SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL GULF AND CARIBBEAN FISHERIES INSTITUTE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Meeting of the Gulf-and-Caribbean-Fisheries-Institute CY NOV 06-10, 2000 CL UNIV SO MISSISSIPPI, INST MARINE SCI, BILOXI, MS SP Mississippi, Alabama Sea Grant Consortium HO UNIV SO MISSISSIPPI, INST MARINE SCI DE water quality; data collection AB The United States Geological Survey and the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources are collecting data on the quality of the water in the Mississippi Sound of the Gulf of Mexico, and streamflow data for its tributaries: The U.S. Geological Survey is collecting continuous water-level data, continuous and discrete water-temperature data, continuous and discrete specific-conductance. data, as well as chloride and salinity samples at two locations in the Mississippi Sound and three Corps of Engineers tidal gages. Continuous-discharge data are also being collected at two additional stations on tributaries.. The Mississippi-Department of Marine Resources collects water samples at 169 locations in the Gulf of Mexico. Between 1800 and 2000 samples are collected annually which are analyzed for turbidity and fecal coliform bacteria. T he continuous data are made available real-time through the internet and are being used in conjunction with streamflow data, weather data, and sampling data for the monitoring and management of the oyster reefs; the shrimp fishery and other marine species and their habitats. C1 US Geol Survey, Pearl, MS 39208 USA. RP Runner, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 308 S Airport Blvd, Pearl, MS 39208 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GULF CARIBBEAN FISHERIES INST GCFI PI FT PIERCE PA 56OO US HIGHWAY 1 N, FT PIERCE, FL 34946 USA PY 2002 BP 681 EP 688 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BW25C UT WOS:000181335800058 ER PT S AU Huang, C Yang, LM Homer, C Coan, M Rykhus, R Zhang, Z Wylie, B Hegge, K Zhu, ZL Lister, A Hoppus, M Tymcio, R DeBlander, L Cooke, W McRoberts, R Wendt, D Weyermann, D AF Huang, C Yang, LM Homer, C Coan, M Rykhus, R Zhang, Z Wylie, B Hegge, K Zhu, ZL Lister, A Hoppus, M Tymcio, R DeBlander, L Cooke, W McRoberts, R Wendt, D Weyermann, D BE McRobert, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC Moser, JW TI Synergistic use of FIA plot data and landsat 7 etm+ images for large area forest mapping SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/35th Midwest Mensurationists Meeting CY OCT 17-19, 2001 CL Traverse City, MI SP Forest Inventory Analy Program USDA Forest Serv, Midwest Forest Mensurationists ID LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; TREES AB FIA plot data were used to assist in classifying forest land cover from Landsat imagery and relevant ancillary data in two regions of the U.S.: one around the Chesapeake Bay area and the other around Utah. The overall accuracies for the forest/nonforest classification were over 90 percent and about 80 percent, respectively, in the two regions. The accuracies for deciduous/evergreen/mixed and forest type group classifications were around 80 percent and 65 percent, respectively, and were consistent in the two regions. These results suggest that use of FIA plot data together with satellite imagery and relevant ancillary data may substantially improve the efficiency, accuracy, and consistency of large area forest land cover mapping. C1 USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Huang, C (reprint author), USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 230 BP 50 EP 55 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Mathematics GA BAR94 UT WOS:000223329400008 ER PT S AU Edwards, TC Moisen, GG Frescino, TS Lawler, JJ AF Edwards, TC Moisen, GG Frescino, TS Lawler, JJ BE McRobert, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC Moser, JW TI Use of forest inventory and analysis information in wildlife habitat modeling: A process for linking multiple scales SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/35th Midwest Mensurationists Meeting CY OCT 17-19, 2001 CL Traverse City, MI SP Forest Inventory Analy Program USDA Forest Serv, Midwest Forest Mensurationists ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; ECOLOGY AB We describe our collective efforts to develop and apply methods for using FIA data to model forest resources and wildlife habitat. Our work demonstrates how flexible regression techniques, such as generalized additive models, can be linked with spatially explicit environmental information for the mapping of forest type and structure. We illustrate how these maps of forest structure can be used to model wildlife habitat, focusing on the prediction of suitable habitat for cavity-nesting birds in forest systems in the Intermountain West. C1 Utah State Univ, USGS BRD Utah Cooperat Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Edwards, TC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USGS BRD Utah Cooperat Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 230 BP 188 EP 194 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Mathematics GA BAR94 UT WOS:000223329400026 ER PT J AU Ryan, HF Noble, M AF Ryan, HF Noble, M TI Sea level response to ENSO along the central California coast: how the 1997-1998 event compares with the historic record SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on El Nino Along the West Coast of North America CY DEC 06-09, 1999 CL MOSS LANDING, CALIFORNIA DE El Nino phenomena; sea level; Kelvin waves; USA; California; San Francisco ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; 1982-1983 EL-NINO; WEST-COAST; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; WIND; OSCILLATION; AMERICA; COEFFICIENTS; DYNAMICS; OREGON AB Long-term monthly sea level and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies from central California show that during winter months, positive anomalies are associated with El Nino events and the negative ones with La Nina events. There is no significant impact on monthly mean anomalies associated with Pacific decadal oscillations, although there is a tendency for more extreme events and greater variance during positive decadal oscillations. The very strong 19971998 El Nino was analyzed with respect to the long-term historic record to assess the forcing mechanisms for sea level and SST. Beginning in the spring of 1997, we observed several long-period (> 30days) fluctuations in daily sea level with amplitudes of over 10 cm at San Francisco, California. Fluctuations of poleward long-period alongshore wind stress anomalies (AWSA) are coherent with the sea level anomalies. However, the wind stress cannot entirely account for the observed sea level signals. The sea level fluctuations are also correlated with sea level fluctuations observed further south at Los Angeles and Tumaco, Columbia, which showed a poleward phase propagation of the sea level signal. We suggest that the sea level fluctuations were, to a greater degree, forced by the passage of remotely generated and coastally trapped waves that were generated along the equator and propagated to the north along the west coast of North America. However, both local and remote AWSA can significantly modulate the sea level signals. The arrival of coastally trapped waves began in the spring of 1997, which is earlier than previous strong El Nino events such as the 1982-1983 event. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ryan, HF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 54 IS 1-4 BP 149 EP 169 AR PII S0079-6611(02)00047-2 DI 10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00047-2 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 598ZZ UT WOS:000178308900008 ER PT J AU Colman, SM Baucom, PC Bratton, JF Cronin, TM McGeehin, JP Willard, D Zimmerman, AR Vogt, PR AF Colman, SM Baucom, PC Bratton, JF Cronin, TM McGeehin, JP Willard, D Zimmerman, AR Vogt, PR TI Radiocarbon dating, chronologic framework, and changes in accumulation rates of Holocene estuarine sediments from Chesapeake Bay SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; estuaries; sediments; radiocarbon; Holocene ID AGE CALIBRATION; C-14 DATA; EUTROPHICATION; HISTORY; ANOXIA; PATTERNS; PB-210; WATER AB Rapidly accumulating Holocene sediments in estuaries commonly are difficult to sample and date. In Chesapeake Bay, we obtained sediment cores as much as 20 m in length and used numerous radiocarbon ages measured by accelerator mass spectrometry methods to provide the first detailed chronologies of Holocene sediment accumulation in the bay. Carbon in these sediments is a complex mixture of materials from a variety of sources. Analyses of different components of the sediments show that total organic carbon ages are largely unreliable, because much of the carbon (including coal) has been transported to the bay from upstream sources and is older than sediments in which it was deposited. Mollusk shells (clams, oysters) and foraminifera appear to give reliable results, although reworking and burrowing are potential problems. Analyses of museum specimens collected alive before atmospheric nuclear testing suggest that the standard reservoir correction for marine samples is appropriate for middle to lower Chesapeake Bay. The biogenic carbonate radiocarbon ages are compatible with (210)Pb and (137)Cs data and pollen stratigraphy from the same sites. Post-settlement changes in sediment transport and accumulation is an important environmental issue in many estuaries, including the Chesapeake. Our data show that large variations in sediment mass accumulation rates occur among sites. At shallow water sites, local factors seem to control changes in accumulation rates with time. Our two relatively deep-water sites in the axial channel of the bay have different long-term average accumulation rates, but the history of sediment accumulation at these sites appears to reflect overall conditions in the bay. Mass accumulation rates at the two deep-water sites rapidly increased by about fourfold coincident with widespread land clearance for agriculture in the Chesapeake watershed. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Colman, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM scolman@usgs.gov OI Colman, Steve/0000-0002-0564-9576; Zimmerman, Andrew/0000-0001-5137-4916; Bratton, John/0000-0003-0376-4981 NR 33 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1 BP 58 EP 70 DI 10.1006/qres.2001.2285 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 517WP UT WOS:000173633700008 ER PT B AU Davis, JA AF Davis, JA GP OECD OECD TI Molecular scale observations and models of sorption reactions SO RADIONUCLIDE RETENTION IN GEOLOGIC MEDIA, WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th GEOTRAP Workshop on Radionuclide Retention in Geologic Media CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL SWEDISH NUCL FUEL & WASTE MANAGEMENT CO, OSKARSHAMN, SWEDEN HO SWEDISH NUCL FUEL & WASTE MANAGEMENT CO ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE PRECIPITATION; MINERAL ASSEMBLAGES; COMPLEXES; ADSORPTION; SILICA; AL C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Davis, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jadavis@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-19695-1 PY 2002 BP 71 EP 79 PG 9 WC Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BU29F UT WOS:000175585100003 ER PT J AU Fry, B Silva, SR Kendall, C Anderson, RK AF Fry, B Silva, SR Kendall, C Anderson, RK TI Oxygen isotope corrections for online delta S-34 analysis SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE; MASS-SPECTROMETER AB Elemental analyzers have been successfully coupled to stable-isotope-ratio mass spectrometers for online measurements of the delta(34)S isotopic Composition of plants, animals and soils. We found that the online technology for automated delta(34)S isotopic determinations did not yield reproducible oxygen isotopic compositions in the SO2 produced, and as a result calculated delta(34)S values were often 1-3parts per thousand high versus their correct values, particularly for plant and animal samples with high C/S ratio. Here we provide empirical and analytical methods for correcting the S isotope values for oxygen isotope variations, and further detail a new SO2-SiO2 buffering method that minimizes detrimental oxygen isotope variations in SO2. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Coastal Sci Labs, Austin, TX 78735 USA. RP Fry, B (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, 1151 Punchbowl St,Room 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. NR 14 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 9 BP 854 EP 858 DI 10.1002/rcm.651 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 543WD UT WOS:000175123400005 PM 11948816 ER PT J AU Revesz, KM Landwehr, JM AF Revesz, KM Landwehr, JM TI delta C-13 and delta O-18 isotopic composition of CaCO3 measured by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry: statistical evaluation and verification by application to Devils Hole core DH-11 calcite SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID RECORD; NEVADA; VEIN AB A new method was developed to analyze the stable carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of small samples (400 +/- 20 mug) of calcium carbonate. This new method streamlines the classical phosphoric acid/calcium carbonate (H3PO4/CaCO3) reaction method by making use of a recently available Thermoquest-Finnigan GasBench II preparation device and a Delta Plus XL continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Conditions for which the H3PO4/CaCO3 reaction produced reproducible and accurate results with minimal error had to be determined. When the acid/carbonate reaction temperature was kept at 26degreesC and the reaction time was between 24 and 54 h, the precision of the carbon and oxygen isotope ratios for pooled samples from three reference standard materials was <0.1 and <0.2 per mill or parts per thousand, respectively, although later analysis showed that materials from one specific standard required reaction time between 34 and 54 h for a 180 to achieve this level of precision. Aliquot screening methods were shown to further minimize the total error. The accuracy and precision of the new method were analyzed and confirmed by statistical analysis. The utility of the method was verified by analyzing calcite from Devils Hole, Nevada, for which isotope-ratio values had previously been obtained by the classical method. Devils Hole core DH-11 recently had been re-cut and re-sampled, and isotope-ratio values were obtained using the new method. The results were comparable with those obtained by the classical method with correlation = +0.96 for both isotope ratios. The consistency of the isotopic results is such that an alignment offset could be identified in the re-sampled core material, and two cutting errors that occurred during re-sampling then were confirmed independently. This result indicates that the new method is a viable alternative to the classical reaction method. In particular, the new method requires less sample material permitting finer resolution and allows automation of some processes resulting in considerable time savings. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Revesz, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 10 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 22 BP 2102 EP 2114 DI 10.1002/rcm.833 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 615LE UT WOS:000179246000005 PM 12415543 ER PT J AU Curtis, PD Pooler, RL Richmond, ME Miller, LA Mattfeld, GF Quimby, FW AF Curtis, PD Pooler, RL Richmond, ME Miller, LA Mattfeld, GF Quimby, FW TI Comparative effects of GnRH and porcine zona pellucida (PZP) immunocontraceptive vaccines for controlling reproduction in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Fertility Control in Wildlife CY AUG, 2001 CL KRUGER NATL PK, SOUTH AFRICA ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; FERTILITY-CONTROL; IMMUNIZATION; PERFORMANCE; POPULATIONS; WILD AB Fawning rates and mating behaviour were compared between white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) treated with GnRH and porcine zona pellucida (PZP) immunocontraceptive vaccines from 1997 to 2000. Female deer from a herd of 102 deer at Seneca Army Depot, near Romulus, New York, were treated with prime and booster injections of PZP (n = 22) or GnRH vaccine (n = 32), or remained untreated as controls (n = 34). During the summers after booster treatment, observed fawning rates for adult female deer were similar for both PZP-treated (0.10-0.11 fawns per female) and GnRH-treated (0.13-0.22 fawns per female) female deer, and were significantly lower (t = -8.93 and t = -9.73 P less than or equal to 0.0005, respectively) than those observed for control female deer (1.22-1.38 fawns per female). During the second (0.36 fawns per female) and third summers (0.61 fawns per female) after the last booster injection, GnRH-treated female deer still produced significantly fewer fawns than did the controls (1.38 and 1.31 fawns per female, respectively). In one breeding season after treatment, five of 18 (28%) females vaccinated with PZP produced fawns, similar to the rate for GnRH-treated females (29%). In addition, females treated with GnRH had fewer oestrous cycles per female (0.06, P less than or equal to 0.05) than did either control (0.22 cycles per female) or PZP-treated deer (0.36 cycles per female). Initial PZP treatment followed by a booster dose 5-7 months later reduced fawn production and prolonged the breeding season as females repeatedly returned to oestrus, similar to results reported in other studies. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, USGS BRD, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY 12233 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Curtis, PD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC REPRODUCTION FERTILITY PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE CB5 8DT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PY 2002 SU 60 BP 131 EP 141 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 586EP UT WOS:000177571900015 ER PT J AU Naugle, RE Rutberg, AT Underwood, HB Turner, JW Liu, IKM AF Naugle, RE Rutberg, AT Underwood, HB Turner, JW Liu, IKM TI Field testing of immunocontraception on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on Fire Island National Seashore, New York, USA SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Fertility Control in Wildlife CY AUG, 2001 CL KRUGER NATL PK, SOUTH AFRICA ID REMOTELY-DELIVERED IMMUNOCONTRACEPTION; FERAL HORSES; REPRODUCTION; CONTRACEPTION; WILDLIFE; BEHAVIOR AB Application of contraception for the control of suburban populations of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has been much debated, but few data are available on field applications and even fewer on population effects. Between 1993 and 1997, 74-164 individually known female deer living on Fire Island, New York, USA, were treated remotely with an initial shot of 65 mug porcine zona pellucida (PZP) in Freund's complete adjuvant followed by booster injections of 65 mug PZP in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Starting in 1996, progressively increasing numbers of deer were treated with vaccinating/marking darts. Estimates of population density and composition, using distance sampling methods, began in 1995 in selected portions of the study area. Between 1993 and 1997, fawning rates among individually known, treated adult females decreased by 78.9% from pretreatment rates. Population density in the most heavily treated area increased by 11% per year from 1995 to March 1998 and then decreased at 23% per year to October 2000. In 1999-2000 surveys, fawns comprised 13-14% of the total population in the most heavily treated area, versus 16-33% in nearby untreated areas. These results show that PZP can be delivered effectively to sufficient deer to affect population density and composition in some environments, but that technical and logistical improvements are needed before contraception can be used widely to manage suburban deer populations. C1 Humane Soc United States, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Anim & Publ Policy, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Med Coll Ohio, Dept Physiol & Mol Med, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Rutberg, AT (reprint author), Humane Soc United States, 2100 L St NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC REPRODUCTION FERTILITY PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE CB5 8DT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PY 2002 SU 60 BP 143 EP 153 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 586EP UT WOS:000177571900016 ER PT J AU Shideler, SE Stoops, MA Gee, NA Howell, JA Lasley, BL AF Shideler, SE Stoops, MA Gee, NA Howell, JA Lasley, BL TI Use of porcine zona pellucida (PZP) vaccine as a contraceptive agent in free-ranging tule elk (Cervus elaphus nannodes) SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Fertility Control in Wildlife CY AUG, 2001 CL KRUGER NATL PK, SOUTH AFRICA AB The potential for the application of porcine zona pellucida (PZP) immunocontraception in wildlife population management has been tested over a 15 year period and promises to provide a useful wildlife management tool. These studies have provided evidence indicating that the use of PZP immunocontraception in wildlife: (i) is effective at both the physiological and population level (Liu et al., 1989; Kirkpatrick et al., 1996; Turner etal., this supplement); (ii) is deliverable by remote means (Kirkpatrick et al., 1990; Shideler, 2000); (iii) is safe in pregnant animals (Kirkpatrick and Turner, this supplement); (iv) is reversible (Kirkpatrick et al., 1991; Kirkpatrick and Turner, this supplement); (v) results in no long-term debilitating health problems (Kirkpatrick etal., 1995; Turner and Kirkpatrick, this supplement); (vi) has no implications for passage through the food chain (Harlow and Lane, 1988); and (vii) is reasonably inexpensive (J. F. Kirkpatrick, personal communication). This report presents the results of a 5 year study in tule elk (Cervus elaphus nannodes), 3 years of which were on the application of PZP immunocontraception to an expanding elk population living in a wilderness area of Point Reyes National Seashore in Marin County, CA, where hunting is not allowed and culling is not publicly acceptable. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Inst Toxicol & Environm Res, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95826 USA. RP Shideler, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Inst Toxicol & Environm Res, 1 Shields Ave,Old Davis Rd, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC REPRODUCTION FERTILITY PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE CB5 8DT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PY 2002 SU 60 BP 169 EP 176 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 586EP UT WOS:000177571900018 ER PT J AU Hendrickson, DA Perez, HE Findley, LT Forbes, W Tomelleri, JR Mayden, RL Nielsen, JL Jensen, B Campos, GR Romero, AV van der Heiden, A Camarena, F de Leon, FJG AF Hendrickson, DA Perez, HE Findley, LT Forbes, W Tomelleri, JR Mayden, RL Nielsen, JL Jensen, B Campos, GR Romero, AV van der Heiden, A Camarena, F de Leon, FJG TI Mexican native trouts: a review of their history and current systematic and conservation status SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 80th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Ichthyologists-and-Herpetologists/Society-for-the-St udy-of-Amphibians-and-Reptiles and Herpetologists-League CY JUN 14-20, 2000 CL Univ Autonoma Baja Calif Sur, La Paz, MEXICO SP Amer Soc Ichthyologists & Herpetologists, Soc Study Amphibians & Reptiles, Herpetologists League HO Univ Autonoma Baja Calif Sur DE conservation; history; Mexico; native trouts; Oncorhynchus; systematics ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS-NELSONI; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; LAMPREYS PETROMYZONTIDAE; SUBGENUS TETRAPLEURODON; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; RAINBOW-TROUT; ARIZONA; LAMPETRA; FISHES; SALMO AB While biologists have been aware of the existence of native Mexican trouts for over a century, they have received little study. The few early studies that did muchmore than mention their existence began in the 1930s and continued into the early 1960s, focusing primarily on distributional surveys and taxonomic analyses. Starting in the 1980s the Baja California rainbow trout became the subject of more detailed studies, but very little remains known of mainland trouts of the Sierra Madre Occidental. We review earlier studies and report on our own collections and observations made between 1975 and 2000. We present newly discovered historical evidence that leads us to conclude that a "lost" cutthroat trout, a lineage not previously known from Mexico, was collected more than a century ago from headwaters of the Rio Conchos ( a major tributary of the Rio Grande (= Rio Bravo)), a basin not previously considered to harbor a native trout. We review the last century of regional natural resource management and discuss our own observations of trout habitats. Impacts of logging, road building and overgrazing are widespread and expanding. Many streams suffer from heavy erosion, siltation and contamination, and though long-term hydrologic data are generally not available, there is evidence of decreased discharge in many streams. These problems appear related to region-wide land management practices as well as recent regional drought. Trout culture operations using exotic rainbow trout have rapidly proliferated throughout the region, threatening genetic introgression and/or competition with native forms and predation on them. Knowledge of distribution, abundance, relationships and taxonomy, not to mention ecology and population biology, of native trouts of the Sierra Madre Occidental remains inadequate. Vast areas of most mainland drainages are still unexplored by fish collectors, and even rudimentary information regarding basic biology, ecology and population structure of stocks remains lacking. Concentrated exploration, research and management of this long overlooked and undervalued resource are all urgently needed. The history of natural resources exploitation that placed so many native trouts of the western United States on threatened and endangered species lists is repeating itself in the Sierra Madre Occidental. Without concerted action and development of region-wide socio-economic solutions for current, largely non-sustainable resource management practices, native Mexican trout gene pools will soon be in grave danger of extinction. C1 Univ Texas, Texas Mem Museum, Texas Nat Hist Collect, Austin, TX 78758 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo AC, Unidad Guaymas, Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico. Univ N Texas, Environm Sci Program, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alchesay Williams Creek Natl Fish Hatchery, Whiteriver, AZ USA. Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Univ Sonora, DICTUS Dept Invest Cient & Tecnol, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo AC, Unidad Mazatlan, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico. Inst Tecnol Cd Victoria, Lab Biol Integrat, Cd Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico. RP Hendrickson, DA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Texas Mem Museum, Texas Nat Hist Collect, PRC 176-R4000,10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM deanhend@mail.utexas.edu NR 169 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 273 EP 316 DI 10.1023/A:1025062415188 PG 44 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 708XM UT WOS:000184595600014 ER PT J AU Koel, TM Sparks, RE AF Koel, TM Sparks, RE TI Historical patterns of river stage and fish communities as criteria for operations of dams on the Illinois River SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE connectivity; ecosystem management; fishes; floodplain; hydrology; large river; water level variability ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; FLOW REGIME; ECOLOGY; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; INTEGRITY; MODELS; HEALTH AB The hydrologic regime of the Illinois River has been altered over the past 100 years. Locks and dams regulate water surface elevations and flow, enabling commercial navigation to continue year round. This study relates changes in water surface elevation to fish abundance in the river, and establishes target criteria for operating locks and dams. Using longterm records of daily river stage, we identified ecologically meaningful hydrological parameters for eight gage locations along the Illinois River. Inter-annual variability of a long-term fisheries dataset beginning in 1957 was related to variability in stage, flood and recession duration, frequency, timing, and rate of change of water levels. Reversals in water surface elevation, maximum stage levels, and length of the spring flood were the most important parameters Influencing abundance of age-zero fishes in annual collections. Smallmouth buffalo (Ictiobus bubalus), black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus), freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunneins), and white bass (Morone chrysops) were most abundant in samples during years that approximated the natural water level regime. Of the 33 hydrologic parameters evaluated for the entire water year from an Illinois River gage site on La Grange Reach, all except average stage in January and Julian date (JD) of maximum stage had moderate or high hydrologic alteration based on the historical range of variation (RVA). The highest degree of hydrologic alteration was for minimum stage levels (1-day, 3-day, and 7-day), rate-of-rise, and rate-of-fall. Other parameters that have been severely altered were 30-day minimum stage, 90-day maximum stage, and the annual number of water level reversals. Operations of the La Grange and Peoria locks and dams could be modified so water level variability would approximate that of the late 1800s, when fish and wildlife resources were abundant. The water regime could be regulated to maintain navigation and improve conditions for native plants and animals without increasing flood damages. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Mississippi Monitoring Stn, Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Lake City, MN 55041 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Univ Illinois, Illinois Water Resources Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Koel, TM (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Ctr Resources, POB 168, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RI Sparks, Richard/B-6121-2015 NR 49 TC 60 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 35 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 3 EP 19 DI 10.1002/rra.630 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 537WM UT WOS:000174782700002 ER PT J AU Pegg, MA Pierce, CL AF Pegg, MA Pierce, CL TI Classification of reaches in the Missouri and lower Yellowstone rivers based on flow characteristics SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE human alteration; hydrology; multivariate analyses; river ecology ID HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; STREAM FISHES; VARIABILITY; PATTERNS; PREDICTABILITY; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; REGIME AB Several aspects of flow have been shown to be important determinants of biological community structure and function in streams, yet direct application of this approach to large rivers has been limited. Using a multivariate approach, we grouped flow gauges into hydrologically similar units in the Missouri and lower Yellowstone Rivers and developed a model based on flow variability parameters that could be used to test hypotheses about the role of flow in determining aquatic community structure. This model could also be used for future comparisons as the hydrological regime changes. A suite of hydrological parameters for the recent, post-impoundment period (I October 1966-30 September 1996) for each of 15 gauges along the Missouri and lower Yellowstone Rivers were initially used. Preliminary graphical exploration identified five variables for use in further multivariate analyses. Six hydrologically distinct units composed of gauges exhibiting similar flow characteristics were then identified using cluster analysis. Discriminant analyses identified the three most influential variables as flow per unit drainage area, coefficient of variation of mean annual flow, and flow constancy. One surprising result was the relative similarity of flow regimes between the two uppermost and three lowermost gauges, despite large differences in magnitude of flow and separation by roughly 3000 km. Our results synthesize, simplify and interpret the complex changes in flow occurring along the Missouri and lower Yellowstone Rivers, and provide an objective grouping for future tests of how these changes may affect biological communities. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife, Ames, IA USA. RP Pegg, MA (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Illinois River Biol Stn, 704 N Schrader, Havana, IL 62644 USA. NR 36 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1002/rra.635 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 537WM UT WOS:000174782700004 ER PT S AU Verstraeten, IM Heberer, T Scheytt, T AF Verstraeten, IM Heberer, T Scheytt, T BE Ray, C Melin, G Linsky, RB TI Occurrence, characteristics, transport, and fate of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, industrial products, and personal care products at riverbank filtration sites SO RIVERBANK FILTRATION: IMPROVING SOURCE-WATER QUALITY SE Water Science and Technology Library LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Riverbank Filtration Conference CY NOV, 1999 CL NATL WATER RES INST, LOUISVILLE, KY SP US EPA, Louisville Water Co, Cincinnati Water Works HO NATL WATER RES INST ID NEAR-SURFACE AQUIFERS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; IN-GROUND WATER; DRINKING-WATER; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; BIS(CHLOROPHENYL)ACETIC ACID C1 US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Verstraeten, IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 168 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-092X BN 1-4020-1133-4 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL LI PY 2002 VL 43 BP 175 EP 227 PG 53 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BW91U UT WOS:000183594500010 ER PT S AU Verstraeten, IM Heberer, T AF Verstraeten, IM Heberer, T BE Ray, C Melin, G Linsky, RB TI Organic chemical removal issues SO RIVERBANK FILTRATION: IMPROVING SOURCE-WATER QUALITY SE Water Science and Technology Library LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Riverbank Filtration Conference CY NOV, 1999 CL NATL WATER RES INST, LOUISVILLE, KY SP US EPA, Louisville Water Co, Cincinnati Water Works HO NATL WATER RES INST ID DRINKING-WATER; BERLIN SURFACE; AQUATIC SYSTEM; GROUND WATER; CONTAMINANTS; PESTICIDES C1 US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Verstraeten, IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-092X BN 1-4020-1133-4 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL LI PY 2002 VL 43 BP 321 EP 330 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BW91U UT WOS:000183594500018 ER PT J AU Brime, C Eberl, DA AF Brime, C Eberl, DA TI Growth mechanisms of low-grade illites based on shapes of crystal thickness distributions SO SCHWEIZERISCHE MINERALOGISCHE UND PETROGRAPHISCHE MITTEILUNGEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Diagenesis and Low-Grade Metamorphism CY APR, 2001 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE DE illite; growth mechanisms; crystal thickness distributions ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LATE-STAGE DIAGENESIS; WHITE MICA; REGIONAL METAMORPHISM; CANTABRIAN ZONE; NORTHWEST SPAIN; VARISCAN BELT; SIZE; XRD; TRANSITION AB Crystallite thickness distributions (CTDs) of fundamental illite particles have been determined for a set of pelitic samples from Palaeozoic rocks. Observed CTD shapes are of two main types, asymptotic and lognormal, and these shapes evolve systematically with increasing metamorphic grade. The shapes of the CTDs are explained by two growth stages; (1) an early stage of simultaneous nucleation and growth, during which the asymptotic profiles of CTDs were established, and (2) a later stage of surface-controlled growth without further nucleation, giving rise to the lognormal shapes. The transition from the diagenesis zone to the anchizone, as determined from the Kubler index, is marked by a change in CTD shape from asymptotic to lognormal. C1 Univ Oviedo, Dept Geol, E-33005 Oviedo, Spain. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Brime, C (reprint author), Univ Oviedo, Dept Geol, E-33005 Oviedo, Spain. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU STAUBLI VERLAG AG PI ZURICH PA POSTFACH 566, CH-8045 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0036-7699 J9 SCHWEIZ MINER PETROG JI Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. PY 2002 VL 82 IS 2 BP 203 EP 209 PG 7 WC Geology; Mineralogy SC Geology; Mineralogy GA 593BD UT WOS:000177970600005 ER PT J AU Lockaby, BG Keeland, BD Stanturf, JA Rice, MD Hodges, G Governo, RM AF Lockaby, BG Keeland, BD Stanturf, JA Rice, MD Hodges, G Governo, RM TI Arthropods in decomposing wood of the Atchafalaya River Basin SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID DEBRIS; FOREST; MICROARTHROPODS; DYNAMICS; LITTER AB Changes in arthropod populations (numbers of individuals identified to the family level in most cases) were studied during the decomposition of coarse woody debris (CWD) in the Atchafalaya River Basin of Louisiana. The arthropod study was linked with a CWD decomposition Study installed after disturbance by Hurricane Andrew. Arthropod numbers were compared between two canopy disturbance classes and between two spatial orientations of CWD (i.e., suspended above- and in contact with the soil). Results during 30 months in the field suggested little influence of canopy disturbance or spatial orientation of CWD on arthropod numbers. Counts were most frequently dominated by Collembola and Acarina and peaked after 18-24 months within larger debris. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. US Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Florida State Dept Agr, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Lockaby, BG (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2002 VL 1 IS 4 BP 339 EP 352 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2002)001[0339:AIDWOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 628PP UT WOS:000180005300003 ER PT J AU Johnson, SA AF Johnson, SA TI Life history of the striped newt at a north-central Florida breeding pond SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NOTOPHTHALMUS-VIRIDESCENS RAFINESQUE; SPOTTED NEWT; DORSALIS; DENSITY AB I studied the life history of Striped Newts (Notophthalmus perstriatus) at a breeding pond in north-central Florida. Newts were captured in pitfall traps at a drift-fence as they migrated into and Out of the pond basin. During the 2-year study, I recorded 10,290 captures (8,127 individuals) of newts at the drift-fence. Newts were active during each month of the Study, but there were four peak activity periods, each of which included immigration and emigration events. Immigration events were almost exclusively comprised of adults, whereas emigration events were comprised of adults and recently transformed larvae. I documented 5,296 recently transformed, immature larvae (efts) and 435 recently transformed mature larvae (paedomorphs) during four distinct periods of emigration. Efts matured in the uplands before returning to the pond to breed. In the uplands, male efts (n = 16) grew 0.0183 mm/day on average, whereas average female (n = 24) growth was 0.0167 mm/day. Immigrating adults of both sexes were significantly smaller than emigrating adults. Emigrating efts were smallest, followed by emigrating paedomorphs, immigrating adults, then emigrating adults. The overall adult sex ratio was 1:1.25 (m:f). Sex ratio of emigrating paedomorphs was highly skewed towards females, with one male for every 4.43 females. Newts tended to move during wetter periods, and captures were significantly correlated with rainfall. but rainfall was a poor predictor of the magnitude of newt movements. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & COnservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Johnson, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ctr Aquat Resources Studies, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2002 VL 1 IS 4 BP 381 EP 402 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2002)001[0381:LHOTSN]2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 628PP UT WOS:000180005300006 ER PT J AU Schilling, EM Williams, JD AF Schilling, EM Williams, JD TI Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia : Margaritiferidae and Unionidae) of the lower Duck River in middle Tennessee: A historic and recent review SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION AB Freshwater mussels were surveyed in the mainstream Duck River downstream of Centerville, Tennessee, during June and October 2000. A total of 32 species (I Margaritiferidae and 31 Unionidae) representing 23 genera was found. Comparisons with species reported in the literature revealed that three species, spectaclecase, Margaritinopsis monodonta (Say, 1829); Wabash pigtoe, Fusconaia flava (Rafinesque, 1820); and clubshell, Pleurobema clava (Lamarck, 18 19), were new records for the Duck River drainage. One of these, Pleurobema clava, is a federally listed endangered species. Our survey also documented downstream range extensions within the Duck River for six species, Tennessee pigtoe, Fusconaia barnesiana (Lea, 1838); wavyrayed lampmussel, Lampsilis fasciolo Rafinesque, 1820; slabside pearlymussel, Lexingtonia dolabelloides (Lea, 1840); Ohio pigtoe, Pleurobema cordatum (Rafinesque, 1820); rabbitsfoot, Quadrula cylindrica (Say, 18 17); and painted creekshell, Villosa taeniata (Conrad, 1834). The range extensions included one federally endangered candidate species, Lexingtonia dolabelloides, and the remaining five species are reported by the Tennessee Valley Authority, Natural Heritage Project, as listed or candidates for conservation status by one or more states within their range. The results from this limited survey indicate the presence of unusual mussel diversity and calls attention to the need for increased conservation activities on the Duck River. C1 US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Williams, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2002 VL 1 IS 4 BP 403 EP 414 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2002)001[0403:FMBMAU]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 628PP UT WOS:000180005300007 ER PT J AU Lunine, JI Soderblom, LA AF Lunine, JI Soderblom, LA TI Cassini-Huygens investigations of satellite surfaces and interiors SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID TITANS ATMOSPHERE AB The Saturnian system contains 18 known satellites ranging from 10 km to 2575 km in radius. In bulk properties and surface appearance these objects show less regularity than the sparser Jupiter system. The Galilean-sized moon Titan sports a dense atmosphere of nitrogen and methane which renders surface observations difficult, but also makes this moon intriguing from the standpoints of climate change and exobiology. The Cassini-Huygens mission will make extensive observations of the satellites over a range of wavelengths, as well as using in-situ sampling of satellite environments (and in the case of Titan, sampling of atmosphere and surface). The goals of these extensive investigations are to understand the bulk properties of the satellites, their surface compositions and evolution through time, as well as interactions with the magnetosphere and rings of Saturn. This knowledge in turn should provide a deeper understanding of the origin of the Saturnian system as a whole and underlying causes for the distinctive differences from the Jovian satellite system. C1 Univ Arizona, Huygens Interdisciplinary Scientist Lunar & Plane, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale, I-00133 Rome, Italy. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Univ Arizona, Huygens Interdisciplinary Scientist Lunar & Plane, 1629 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jlunine@lpl.arizona.edu NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1-4 BP 191 EP 208 DI 10.1023/A:1023601009802 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 675RW UT WOS:000182710100006 ER PT J AU Wasowski, J Del Gaudio, V Keefer, DK AF Wasowski, J Del Gaudio, V Keefer, DK TI Foreword to the Special Issue of the Symposia on Assessment and Mitigation of Collateral Seismic Hazards SO SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Politecn Bari, CNR, IRPI Sez Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Geol & Geofis, I-70125 Bari, Italy. US Geol Survey MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wasowski, J (reprint author), Politecn Bari, CNR, IRPI Sez Bari, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3298 J9 SURV GEOPHYS JI Surv. Geophys. PY 2002 VL 23 IS 6 SI SI BP 471 EP 472 DI 10.1023/A:1021222726770 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 619WA UT WOS:000179499400001 ER PT J AU Keefer, DK AF Keefer, DK TI Investigating landslides caused by earthquakes - A historical review SO SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposim on Assessment and Mitigation of Multiple Hazards CY 2002 CL NICE, FRANCE DE debris flows; earthquakes; ground failure; historical landslides; landslides; landslide inventories; lateral spreads; liquefaction; review; rock falls; seismic slope stability; slope failure ID MADRID SEISMIC ZONE; 1994 NORTHRIDGE; CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE AB Post-earthquake field investigations of landslide occurrence have provided a basis for understanding, evaluating, and mapping the hazard and risk associated with earthquake-induced landslides. This paper traces the historical development of knowledge derived from these investigations. Before 1783, historical accounts of the occurrence of landslides in earthquakes are typically so incomplete and vague that conclusions based on these accounts are of limited usefulness. For example, the number of landslides triggered by a given event is almost always greatly underestimated. The first formal, scientific post-earthquake investigation that included systematic documentation of the landslides was undertaken in the Calabria region of Italy after the 1783 earthquake swarm. From then until the mid-twentieth century, the best information on earthquake-induced landslides came from a succession of post-earthquake investigations largely carried out by formal commissions that undertook extensive ground-based field studies. Beginning in the mid-twentieth century, when the use of aerial photography became widespread, comprehensive inventories of landslide occurrence have been made for several earthquakes in the United States, Peru, Guatemala, Italy, El Salvador, Japan, and Taiwan. Techniques have also been developed for performing "retrospective" analyses years or decades after an earthquake that attempt to reconstruct the distribution of landslides triggered by the event. The additional use of Geographic Information System (GIS) processing and digital mapping since about 1989 has greatly facilitated the level of analysis that can applied to mapped distributions of landslides. Beginning in 1984, syntheses of worldwide and national data on earthquake-induced landslides have defined their general characteristics and relations between their occurrence and various geologic and seismic parameters. However, the number of comprehensive post-earthquake studies of landslides is still relatively small, and one of the most pressing needs in this area of research is for the complete documentation of landslides triggered by many more earthquakes in a wider variety of environments. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Keefer, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 107 TC 200 Z9 225 U1 10 U2 67 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3298 J9 SURV GEOPHYS JI Surv. Geophys. PY 2002 VL 23 IS 6 SI SI BP 473 EP 510 DI 10.1023/A:1021274710840 PG 38 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 619WA UT WOS:000179499400002 ER PT J AU Jibson, RW AF Jibson, RW TI A public health issue related to collateral seismic hazards: The valley fever outbreak triggered by the 1994 Northridge, California earthquake SO SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposim on Assessment and Mitigation of Multiple Hazards CY 2002 CL NICE, FRANCE DE coccidioidomycosis; collateral seismic hazards; earthquakes; landslides; valley fever ID COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS AB Following the 17 January 1994 Northridge, California earthquake (M = 6.7), Ventura County, California, experienced a major outbreak of coccidioidomycosis (CM), commonly known as valley fever, a respiratory disease contracted by inhaling airborne fungal spores. In the 8 weeks following the earthquake (24 January through 15 March), 203 outbreak-associated cases were reported, which is about an order of magnitude more than the expected number of cases, and three of these cases were fatal. Simi Valley, in easternmost Ventura County, had the highest attack rate in the county, and the attack rate decreased westward across the county. The temporal and spatial distribution of CM cases indicates that the outbreak resulted from inhalation of spore-contaminated dust generated by earthquake-triggered landslides. Canyons North East of Simi Valley produced many highly disrupted, dust-generating landslides during the earthquake and its aftershocks. Winds after the earthquake were from the North East, which transported dust into Simi Valley and beyond to communities to the West. The three fatalities from the CM epidemic accounted for 4 percent of the total earthquake-related fatalities. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Jibson, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3298 J9 SURV GEOPHYS JI Surv. Geophys. PY 2002 VL 23 IS 6 SI SI BP 511 EP 528 DI 10.1023/A:1021226827679 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 619WA UT WOS:000179499400003 ER PT S AU Dennehy, KF Litke, DW McMahon, PB AF Dennehy, KF Litke, DW McMahon, PB BE Hiscock, KM Rivett, MO Davison, RM TI The High Plains Aquifer, USA: Groundwater development and sustainability SO SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER DEVELOPMENT SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geoscience 2000 Conference CY APR, 2000 CL UNIV MANCHESTER, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND HO UNIV MANCHESTER ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; OGALLALA AQUIFER AB The High Plains Aquifer, located in the United States, is one of the largest freshwater aquifers in the world and is threatened by continued decline in water levels and deteriorating water quality. Understanding the physical and cultural features of this area is essential to assessing the factors that affect this groundwater resource. About 27% of the irrigated land in the United States overlies this aquifer, which yields about 30% of the nation's groundwater used for irrigation of crops including wheat, corn, sorghum, cotton and alfalfa. In addition, the aquifer provides drinking water to 82% of the 2.3 million people who live within the aquifer boundary. The High Plains Aquifer has been significantly impacted by human activities. Groundwater withdrawals from the aquifer exceed recharge in many areas, resulting in substantial declines in groundwater level. Residents once believed that the aquifer was an unlimited resource of high-quality water, but they now face the prospect that much of the water may be gone in the near future. Also, agricultural chemicals are affecting the groundwater quality. Increasing concentrations of nitrate and salinity can first impair the use of the water for public supply and then affect its suitability for irrigation. A variety of technical and institutional measures are currently being planned and implemented across the aquifer area in an attempt to sustain this groundwater resource for future generations. However, because groundwater withdrawals remain high and water quality impairments are becoming more commonplace, the sustainability of the High Plains Aquifer is uncertain. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Dennehy, KF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 28 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 1-86239-097-5 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL PY 2002 VL 193 BP 99 EP 119 DI 10.1144/GSL.SP.2002.193.01.09 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BU48H UT WOS:000176125100009 ER PT B AU Rideout, SG Ritter, JA AF Rideout, SG Ritter, JA BE Lynch, KD Jones, ML Taylor, WW TI Canadian and US Atlantic salmon institutions and politics: Where are the fish and who cares? SO SUSTAINING NORTH AMERICAN SALMON: PERSPECTIVES ACROSS REGIONS AND DISCIPLINES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sustaining North American Salmon held at the American-Fisheries-Society Meeting CY 1998 CL HARTFORD, CT SP Amer Fisheries Soc C1 USGS, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Rideout, SG (reprint author), USGS, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 1-888569-25-5 PY 2002 BP 93 EP 115 PG 23 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BV97H UT WOS:000180552700005 ER PT B AU Knudsen, EE AF Knudsen, EE BE Lynch, KD Jones, ML Taylor, WW TI Ecological perspectives on Pacific salmon: Can we sustain biodiversity and fisheries? SO SUSTAINING NORTH AMERICAN SALMON: PERSPECTIVES ACROSS REGIONS AND DISCIPLINES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sustaining North American Salmon held at the American-Fisheries-Society Meeting CY 1998 CL HARTFORD, CT SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID EVOLUTIONARILY SIGNIFICANT UNITS; LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; COLUMBIA-RIVER; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; WILD POPULATIONS; CHINOOK SALMON; ECOSYSTEM PERSPECTIVE C1 Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, USGS, Biol Resources Div, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Knudsen, EE (reprint author), Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, USGS, Biol Resources Div, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 156 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 1-888569-25-5 PY 2002 BP 277 EP 319 PG 43 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BV97H UT WOS:000180552700014 ER PT J AU Redman, RS Roossinck, MJ Maher, S Andrews, QC Schneider, WL Rodriguez, RJ AF Redman, RS Roossinck, MJ Maher, S Andrews, QC Schneider, WL Rodriguez, RJ TI Field performance of cucurbit and tomato plants colonized with a nonpathogenic, mutualistic mutant (path-1) of Colletotrichum magna (Teleomorph : Glomerella magna; Jenkins & Winstead) SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article DE mutualism; Colletotrichum; symbiosis; Cucurbitaceae; Solanaceae; endophytic growth; plant growth ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ENDOPHYTIC MUTUALIST; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; TALL FESCUE; PATHOGENS; ASSOCIATIONS; BIOCONTROL; CONVERSION; WATERMELON; CONDUCIVE AB Path-1 is a UV-induced non-pathogenic mutant of a virulent Colletotrichum magna isolate that establishes mutualistic symbioses with cucurbit and tomato species. Under laboratory conditions, this mutualism results in plant growth enhancement, drought tolerance, and disease protection against fungal pathogens. This study focuses on the efficacy of this symbiosis and the symbiotic lifestyle expressed by path-1 under field conditions in the absence of disease stress. The effects of colonization by path-1 on fruit yields and growth was measured in field plots with four cucurbit species including four watermelon cultivars, and two tomato cultivars, over four growing seasons. The persistence of the symbiosis, extent of colonization, and path-1 transmission were also assessed. Yields from path-1 infected plants were equivalent to or greater than yields from non-inoculated control plants and path-1 systemically colonized plants throughout each growing season. Path-1 also increased the growth rates of tomato plants and was not transmitted to uncolonized plants. The results indicate that there are no metabolic costs of this symbiosis and the symbiosis is maintained under field conditions. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Bot, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. USGS, BRD, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rodriguez, RJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Bot, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 2002 VL 32 IS 1 BP 55 EP 70 PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 529KK UT WOS:000174298500005 ER PT J AU Dunham, JB Cade, BS Terrell, JW AF Dunham, JB Cade, BS Terrell, JW TI Influences of spatial and temporal variation on fish-habitat relationships defined by regression quantiles SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; STREAM FISH; MODELS; VARIABILITY; COMMUNITIES; SALMONIDS; FEATURES; DENSITY; NEVADA; RIVER AB We used regression quantiles to model potentially limiting relationships between the standing crop of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki and measures of stream channel morphology. Regression quantile models indicated that variation in fish density was inversely related to the width:depth ratio of streams but not to stream width or depth alone. The spatial and temporal stability of model predictions were examined across years and streams, respectively. Variation in fish density with width:depth ratio (10th-90th regression quantiles) modeled for streams sampled in 1993-1997 predicted the variation observed in 1998-1999, indicating similar habitat relationships across years. Both linear and nonlinear models described the limiting relationships well, the latter performing slightly better. Although estimated relationships were transferable in time, results were strongly dependent on the influence of spatial variation in fish density among streams. Density changes with width:depth ratio in a single stream were responsible for the significant (P < 0.10) negative slopes estimated for the higher quantiles (>80th). This Suggests that stream-scale factors other than width:depth ratio play a more direct role in determining population density. Much of the variation in densities of cutthroat trout among streams was attributed to the occurrence of nonnative brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (a possible competitor) or connectivity to migratory habitats. Regression quantiles can be useful for estimating the effects of limiting factors when ecological responses are highly variable, but our results indicate that spatiotemporal variability in the data should be explicitly considered. In this study, data from individual streams and stream-specific characteristics (e.g., the occurrence of nonnative species and habitat connectivity) strongly affected our interpretation of the relationship between width:depth ratio and fish density. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Dunham, JB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 316 E Myrtle, Boise, ID 83702 USA. NR 48 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 131 IS 1 BP 86 EP 98 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0086:IOSATV>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 514AC UT WOS:000173412800007 ER PT J AU Webb, MAH Feist, GW Foster, EP Schreck, CB Fitzpatrick, MS AF Webb, MAH Feist, GW Foster, EP Schreck, CB Fitzpatrick, MS TI Potential classification of sex and stage of gonadal maturity of wild white sturgeon using blood plasma indicators SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOWER COLUMBIA-RIVER; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; COHO SALMON; ATLANTIC STURGEON; PROFILES; VITELLOGENIN; GONADOTROPIN; MATURATION; DYNAMICS AB Because white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus show no readily discernible external signs of gender, management agencies use surgical biopsies to determine the sex and stage of gonadal maturity of individuals. This procedure is highly invasive and can be difficult under field conditions. Therefore, gonadal tissue and blood were collected from white Sturgeon captured in tribal and commercial fisheries (fishery fish) and by fish and wildlife agencies (oversize fish) in the Columbia River basin to develop a method of determining sex and stage of maturity using the blood plasma indicators testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (KT), estradiol (E2), and calcium (Ca2+). The sex and stage of maturity was determined by histology or by visual examination in maturing fish. Plasma sex steroid levels were measured by radioimmunoassay, and plasma Ca2+ was measured spectrophotometrically. White sturgeon showed sex- and maturity-specific levels of steroids and Ca2+. Stepwise discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used to choose the best variable(s) for predicting sex and stage of maturity, and quadratic DFA was conducted to classify fish into two groups of sex or four groups of sex and stage Of maturity, In the classification of the fishery plus oversize fish, plasma T and E2 were the best predictors of sex and stage of maturity. Of the 151 females and 106 males, 85% of the females and 79% of the males were correctly classified; 88, 72, 98, and 96% of the immature females, immature males, maturing females, and maturing males, respectively, were correctly classified. The greatest error of misclassification occurred with immature males classified as immature females. In the analysis of immature Fishery fish only, plasma T and fork length led to the correct classification of 88% of the females and 86% of the males. In the analysis of oversize fish only, 100% of the females and 95% of the males were correctly classified using plasma T and E2; 93, 100, 98, arid 100%, of the immature females, immature males, maturing females, and maturing males, respectively, were correctly classified using these variables. The derived classification functions for the prediction of sex or sex and maturity may replace the need for surgical biopsies if the error associated with the misclassification of immature fish is acceptable. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Res Div,US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon Dept Environm Qual, Water Qual Div, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Webb, MAH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Res Div,US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 28 TC 56 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 131 IS 1 BP 132 EP 142 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0132:PCOSAS>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 514AC UT WOS:000173412800011 ER PT J AU Baldwin, CM Beauchamp, DA Gubala, CP AF Baldwin, CM Beauchamp, DA Gubala, CP TI Seasonal and diel distribution and movement of cutthroat trout from ultrasonic telemetry SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID KOKANEE ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; VERTICAL MOVEMENTS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS; PERCA-FLAVESCENS; LAKE WASHINGTON; FORAGING MODEL; YELLOW PERCH; FOOD-WEB; FISH AB Our objective was to track the diel movements and distribution of large Bear Lake cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki utah in relation to vertical environmental gradients and prey distribution in Strawberry Reservoir, Utah, during summer and autumn 1997. Implanted ultrasonic transmitters provided the depth and general location of the fish, while a differentially corrected Global Positioning System recorded boat positions that were then overlaid on a bathymetric map to determine temporal and spatial habitat use patterns. Tagged cutthroat trout used both nearshore and offshore habitats during both summer and autumn, but they were generally more pelagic during summer and used shallower nearshore zones more extensively in autumn. During early August, large cutthroat trout were restricted to the thermocline (metalimnion; 10-15 m deep) between a hypoxic hypolimnion and a warm epilimnion during all diel periods. When hypoxia affected the lower metalimnion in mid-August, the fish moved up into the upper metalimnion and warmer epilimnion. From mid-August through autumn, fish utilized a much broader range of depths, remaining more active and in deeper water during daylight and less active and near the surface at night, Fish depth and swimming speed varied by season and diel period but were consistently highest during daylight, intermediate during crepuscular periods, and lowest at night. At dawn, fish closely tracked the maximum light available in the water column until the level of illumination was well in excess of the threshold for maximum reaction distances to invertebrate and fish prey. The available light never restricted daylight foraging opportunities at the depths occupied by the fish. Widespread movements among habitats and depths by large, cannibalistic cutthroat trout allowed considerable spatial and temporal overlap with juvenile salmonids over most of the year, except when a temporary nearshore refuge for juvenile salmonids formed during the temperature-oxygen squeeze in early August. Cannibalism on stocked cutthroat trout could potentially be minimized by releasing juveniles in nearshore areas in early August, when adults are restricted to the thermocline in deeper waters further offshore. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Washington Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Inland Fish Invest Unit, Spokane, WA 99206 USA. Univ Toronto, Sci Assessment Technol Lab, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. RP Baldwin, CM (reprint author), Washington Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Inland Fish Invest Unit, 10905 E Montgomery,Suite 3, Spokane, WA 99206 USA. NR 47 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 131 IS 1 BP 143 EP 158 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0143:SADDAM>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 514AC UT WOS:000173412800012 ER PT J AU Honeyfield, DC Hinterkopf, JP Brown, SB AF Honeyfield, DC Hinterkopf, JP Brown, SB TI Isolation of thiaminase-positive bacteria from alewife SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-THIAMINOLYTICUS; NOM-REV AB Evidence pointing to thiamine deficiency as a primary factor in early mortality syndrome in feral salmonids from the Great Lakes and New York's Finger Lakes continues to mount. Such deficiency is believed to be the result of the consumption of nontraditional forage fish, such as alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, that contain thiaminase activity. The source of thiaminase within these forage fish has not been reported. In this study, we report finding thiaminase-positive Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus and other Paenibacillaceae that are closely related to P. thiaminolyticus in the viscera of frozen alewives. Thiaminase-positive bacteria associated with alewife viscera have not previously been reported. Because viable thiaminase-positive cultures were found in only 25% of the fish, bacteria should be considered as only one potential source of thiaminase in alewives. C1 US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. Environm Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Honeyfield, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Rural Route 4 Box 63, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 131 IS 1 BP 171 EP 175 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0171:IOTPBF>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 514AC UT WOS:000173412800014 ER PT S AU Williams, S AF Williams, S BE Rahm, J TI Address given by the director of the United States fish and wildlife service SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-SEVENTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 67th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY APR 03-07, 2002 CL DALLAS, TX SP USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Bur Reclamat, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA Forest Serv, US Bur Land Management, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Natl Shooting Sports Fdn, Wildlife Soc, Wilderness Soc, Boon & Crockett Club, Fed Cartridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Conservat Fund, Ducks Unlimited Inc C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Williams, S (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 TRANS N AM WILDL NAT JI Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. PY 2002 VL 67 BP 32 EP 39 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV83C UT WOS:000180136700003 ER PT S AU McLean, RG AF McLean, RG BE Rahm, J TI West Nile virus: A threat to north American avian species SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-SEVENTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 67th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY APR 03-07, 2002 CL DALLAS, TX SP USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Bur Reclamat, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA Forest Serv, US Bur Land Management, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Natl Shooting Sports Fdn, Wildlife Soc, Wilderness Soc, Boon & Crockett Club, Fed Cartridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Conservat Fund, Ducks Unlimited Inc ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK-CITY; ENCEPHALITIS; BIRDS; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; SYSTEM C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP McLean, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 TRANS N AM WILDL NAT JI Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. PY 2002 VL 67 BP 62 EP 74 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV83C UT WOS:000180136700006 ER PT S AU Henry, ME Higley, D AF Henry, ME Higley, D BE Rahm, J TI Overview of hydrocarbon production, consumption, reserves and potential, at world and local scales SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-SEVENTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 67th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY APR 03-07, 2002 CL DALLAS, TX SP USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Bur Reclamat, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA Forest Serv, US Bur Land Management, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Natl Shooting Sports Fdn, Wildlife Soc, Wilderness Soc, Boon & Crockett Club, Fed Cartridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Conservat Fund, Ducks Unlimited Inc C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Henry, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 TRANS N AM WILDL NAT JI Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. PY 2002 VL 67 BP 313 EP 316 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV83C UT WOS:000180136700025 ER PT S AU Schwartz, CW AF Schwartz, CW BE Rahm, J TI A northeast dairy perspective of farming and conservation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-SEVENTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 67th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY APR 03-07, 2002 CL DALLAS, TX SP USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Bur Reclamat, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA Forest Serv, US Bur Land Management, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Natl Shooting Sports Fdn, Wildlife Soc, Wilderness Soc, Boon & Crockett Club, Fed Cartridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Conservat Fund, Ducks Unlimited Inc C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Schwartz, CW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 TRANS N AM WILDL NAT JI Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. PY 2002 VL 67 BP 396 EP 399 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BV83C UT WOS:000180136700034 ER PT J AU Carr, MM Yoshizaki, J Van Manen, FT Pelton, MR Huygens, OC Hayashi, H Maekawa, M AF Carr, MM Yoshizaki, J Van Manen, FT Pelton, MR Huygens, OC Hayashi, H Maekawa, M TI A multi-scale assessment of habitat use by asiatic black bears in central Japan SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE agriculture; Asiatic black bear; forest management; habitat use; Japan; mast; national park; planted forest; Ursus thibetanus japonicus AB Japan may have >20% of the world's population of Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus), but local extinctions may result in decreasing populations of the Japanese subspecies (U. t. japonicus). Apparent decreases seem to be related toloss and fragmentation of habitat, a liberal permit system for depredation kills, and a lack of ecological data to develop management guidelines. From 1996to 1999, we studied bear habitat relationships at 2 spatial scales in the central mountain region of Japan. We used classification and regression tree analysis (CART) to determine the hierarchical structure of bear use of available habitats. The landscape analysis focused on Nagano Prefecture (approximately 13,585 km(2)), of which bears occupy 60%. Land-cover and land-use data were summarized and compared with the percent of occupied bear habitat within each of the 120 municipalities within the prefecture. The greatest distribution of bears occurred in municipalities with relatively little (<16%) agricultural land use. In areas with >16% agriculture, the presence of national park land and limited human development (<9%) characterized areas occupied by bears. At the local scale within Nagano Prefecture, we determined habitat preference with locations of 13 radiocollared bears. Bears used oak (Quercus spp.)dominated deciduous and planted, mixed forests in the montane zone (<1,460 in) more than expected. Habitat use at the local scale appeared related to the distribution of natural food resources, particularly hard mast, whereas our landscape analysis indicated that municipalities with abundant bear habitat were primarilyassociated with areas where agriculture was limited. Because of the complex topography in Nagano Prefecture, agricultural and developed areas often are directly adjacent to bear habitat. Recent patterns of human development have beenmore diffuse, which may negatively affect resource use on a local scale and bear distribution on a landscape scale. C1 Memphis Zoo, Memphis, TN 38112 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Applicachian Field Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Shinshu Univ, Dept Biol, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan. Nagano Nat Conservat Res Inst, Nagano, Japan. RP Carr, MM (reprint author), Memphis Zoo, 2000 Prentiss Pl, Memphis, TN 38112 USA. EM megan_m_carr@yahoo.com; jyoshiz@unity.ncsu.edu; vanmanen@utk.edu; mpelton@utk.edu; oscar@withoscar.com; peridin@gipac.shinshu-u.ac.jp; marchan@nacri.pref.nagano.jp NR 0 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT (IBA) PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2002 VL 13 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 937LN UT WOS:000229925700001 ER PT J AU Hightower, DA Wagner, RO Pace, RM AF Hightower, DA Wagner, RO Pace, RM TI Denning ecology of female American black bears in south central Louisiana SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE American black bear; denning; litter size; location constancy; Louisiana; reproduction; Ursus americanus luteolus AB We examined the denning ecology of female American black bears (Ursus americanus luteolus) in the upper (Inland) and lower (Coastal) Atchafalaya River Basinof south central Louisiana. We attempted 101 den visits of 35 female bears during February-March, 1992-2000. We found dens on 28 of 56 (50%) Coastal and 44of 45 (98%) Inland attempts. We determined reproductive status on 62 (61%) den visits, but our success differed between Coastal and Inland areas (43% and 84%, respectively). The distribution of litter sizes differed between areas. Wedid not detect any cub abandonment. Use distribution among den types (e.g., tree, snag, ground nest, slash, stump, log, and excavated) differed between areas. We found no evidence that the distribution of den security classes differed between parturient and barren females. Using the median location error of field trials with test transmitters (206 in) as our criterion, we classified bears as stationary during the denning season if the distances of 3 consecutive locations (a location set) from their centroid were each <206 in. Of 29 denned bears, 24 had >= 1 stationary location set (classified as denned), and 16 of 117 bear seasons outside of the denning period contained >= 1 stationary location set. We classified 10 of 23 Coastal females, 6 of 19 Coastal males, 2 of 4 Inland females, and 1 of 1 Inland males of previously unknown status as denned. Based on movement data, many Coastal bears, including adult females, remained active or only bedded for short periods during winter. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Hightower, DA (reprint author), Quantitat Ecol Serv Inc, 200 Willow Lake Lane, DeRidder, LA 70634 USA. EM dhightower@quanteco.com; rwagner@qunateco.com NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT (IBA) PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2002 VL 13 BP 11 EP 17 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 937LN UT WOS:000229925700002 ER PT J AU Podruzny, SR Cherry, S Schwartz, CC Landenburger, LA AF Podruzny, SR Cherry, S Schwartz, CC Landenburger, LA TI Grizzly bear denning and potential conflict areas in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE denning; geographic information system; GIS; Greater Yellowstone ecosystem; grizzly bear; Mahalanobis distance; model; Ursus arctos AB Increasing winter use of steep, high-elevation terrain by backcountry recreationists has elevated concern about disturbance of denning grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). To help identify areas where such conflicts might occur, we developed a spatially explicit model to predict potential denning areas in the GYE. Using a scan area of 630 in around each location, we assigned site attributes to 344 den locations of radio-tracked grizzly bears from 1975-99. Attributes identified as predictors for the analysis included elevation, slope, an index of solar radiation, and forest cover. We used the Mahalanobis distance statistic to model the similarity between sites used by denning bears and each cell in the data layers. We used the final Mahalanobis distance model to produce maps of the study area. Potential denning habitat, based upon the model, is abundant within the GYE. Our results can be used by land management agencies to identify potential conflict sites and minimize effects of regulated activities on denning grizzly bears. We illustrate how the Gallatin National Forest (GNF) used the model to examine the overlap between potential snowmobile use areas and potential denning habitat as part of a Biological Assessment submitted to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. C1 Montana State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study Team, US Geol Survey,No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Podruzny, SR (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study Team, US Geol Survey,No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM srp@montana.edu; cherry@math.montana.edu; chuck_schwartz@usgs.gov; lisa_landenburger@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 19 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT (IBA) PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2002 VL 13 BP 19 EP 28 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 937LN UT WOS:000229925700003 ER PT J AU Haroldson, MA Ternent, MA Gunther, KA Schwartz, CC AF Haroldson, MA Ternent, MA Gunther, KA Schwartz, CC TI Grizzly bear denning chronology and movements in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE climate; denning; elevation; grizzly bear; movements; Ursus arctos; Yellowstone AB Den entrance and emergence dates of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem are important to management agencies that wish to minimize impacts of human activities on bears. Current estimates for grizzly bear denning events use data that were collected from 1975-80. We update these estimates by including data obtained from 1981-99. We used aerial telemetry data to estimate week of den entry and emergence by determining the midpoint betweenthe last known active date and the first known date denned, as well as the last known date denned and the first known active date. We also investigated post emergence movement patterns relative to den locations. Mean earliest and latest week of den entry and emergence were also determined. Den entry for females began during the fourth week in September, with 90% denned by the fourth week of November. Earliest den entry for males occurred during the second week ofOctober, with 90% denned by the second week of December. Mean week of den entry for known pregnant females was earlier than males. Earliest week of den entry for known pregnant females was earlier than other females and males. Earliest den emergence for males occurred during the first week of February, with 90% of males out of dens by the fourth week of April. Earliest den emergence forfemales occurred during the third week of March; by the first week of May, 90% of females had emerged. Male bears emerged from dens earlier than females. Denning period differed among classes and averaged 171 days for females that emerged from dens with cubs, 151 days for other females, and 131 days for males.Known pregnant females tended to den at higher elevations and, following emergence, remained at higher elevation until late May. Females with cubs remainedrelatively close (<3 km) to den sites until the last 2 weeks in May. Timing of denning events was similar to previous estimates for this and other grizzly bear populations in the southern Rocky Mountains. C1 Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr,Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study, Forestry Sci Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Lander, WY 82520 USA. Bear Management Off, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RP Haroldson, MA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr,Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study, Forestry Sci Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM mark_haroldson@usgs.gov; kerry_gunther@nps.gov; chuck_schwartz@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 12 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT (IBA) PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2002 VL 13 BP 29 EP 37 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 937LN UT WOS:000229925700004 ER PT J AU Klenzendorf, SA Vaughan, MR Martin, DD AF Klenzendorf, SA Vaughan, MR Martin, DD TI Den-type use and fidelity of American black bears in western Virginia SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE American black bear; Cooperative Alleghany Bear Study; den; fidelity; hunting; management; Ursus americanus; Virginia AB During winters 1995-2001, Cooperative Alleghany Bear Study (CABS) personnel handled 119 individual adult American black bears (Ursus americanus) and 322 cubs in 198 dens on 2 study areas in western Virginia. Our objective was to determine den-type use and den-type fidelity of adult black bears and their offspring. We located 215 dens of radiocollared bears; 68% were in trees. Ground densused by bears included nests in laurel (Kalmia latifolia) thickets, excavations, brush piles, and rock cavities. Although the proportion of all bears usingtree dens did not differ between our 2 study areas, females used tree dens (65%, n = 127) more often than males on the northern study area. Sex and age were significant factors in determining the type of den a bear selected. Older bears denned in rock cavities more often than expected. Of 66 individual bears handled for 2-6 consecutive years, 38% consistently used tree dens, 12% were faithful to rock cavities, and only 6% regularly used ground dens for denning. Over the 6-year period, 42% switched den types, primarily from tree dens to rock cavities. Rock cavities seemed readily available, yet 68% of marked bears used trees. Bears are hunted by hounds in Virginia during December and January and may use tree dens to reduce the likelihood of detection during the hunting season. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resouce Div, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Verona, VA 22041 USA. RP Klenzendorf, SA (reprint author), World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th St,NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM sybille.klenzendorf@wwfus.org; mvaughan@vt.edu; dmartin@dgif.va.state.us NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT (IBA) PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2002 VL 13 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 937LN UT WOS:000229925700005 ER PT J AU Bertram, MR Vivion, MT AF Bertram, MR Vivion, MT TI Black bear monitoring in eastern interior Alaska SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE American black bear; denning ecology; interior Alaska; northern boreal forest; reproduction; survival rates; Ursus americanus AB American blackbears (Ursus americanus) are common predators of ungulates in interior Alaska, yet little research has described bear demographics. This studyexamines movement, denning, and reproductive characteristics of a black bear population in the Yukon Flats in eastern interior Alaska. To our knowledge, this location at 66-N latitude is the northernmost study of black bears. A totalof 29 ind ividual black bears were captured 53 times between 1995 and 1997. Capture rates were high with a mean annual rate of 2.3 black bears/10 trap days. A total of 900 telemetry locations was obtained from 23 radiocollared black bears. Mean annual home ranges for adult female and male black bears were 15.5and 182.5 km(2), respectively. The mean date of den entry was 26 September (range: 19 Sep-8 Oct, n = 42) and the mean date of den emergence was 2 May (range: 26 Apr-6 May, n = 3 1). Mean length of denning exceeded all previous reports at 220 days (range: 213-229 days, SD = 4, n = 3 1). Females excavated all dens in well drained terrain in forested areas. Mean litter size for 7 adult females was 2.1 (n = 10). The recruitment and reproductive intervals were 2.0 years (n = 2) and 1.6 years (n = 5), respectively. The survival rate forcubs weaned to I year was low (0.45). The mean annual survival rate for adultmales was 0.86. We report 2 likely instances where, during spring, grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) preyed on adult female black bears with young. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Flats Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Bertram, MR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Flats Natl Wildlife Refuge, 101 12th Ave, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM mark_bertram@fws.gov; michael_vivion@fws.gov NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT (IBA) PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2002 VL 13 BP 69 EP 77 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 937LN UT WOS:000229925700008 ER PT J AU Reynolds, PE Reynolds, HV Shideler, RT AF Reynolds, PE Reynolds, HV Shideler, RT TI Predation and multiple kills of muskoxen by grizzly bears SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE Alaska; grizzly bears; multiple kills; muskoxen; Ovibos moschatus; predation; scavenging; surplus kills; Ursus arctos AB A population of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus), successfully restored to northeastern Alaska in the 1970's, has become a source of food for grizzly bears (Ursus arctos). We tested whether grizzly bear predation on this population of muskoxen increased over time and described multiple kills of muskoxen by grizzly bears. We identified bear-muskox events from data collected between April 1982 and June 2001 during bear and muskox surveys and radiorelocation flights and from field notes, mortality records of radiocollared muskoxen, and other observations made by biologists, pilots, and local residents. Ninety-two bear-muskoxevents observed in 1982-2001 included 46 known kills, 37 possible kills or scavenging events, and 9 chases. Ten of 61 radiocollared muskoxen that died between 1982 and 2001 were killed by bears and 14 others were possibly killed or scavenged. The number of known kills and possible kills or scavenging increasedsignificantly over time. Multiple kills, where 2 or more muskoxen were killedfrom a group, contributed to the number of known kills. Twenty-eight of 46 muskoxen (61%) killed by bears died during multiple kills. Twenty-two of these deaths occurred in 1998-2001. Ten marked grizzly bears were implicated in single or multiple kills, suggesting that several bears in northeastern Alaska became proficient predators of muskoxen in spite of the group-defensive behavior and formidable horns of muskoxen. The low numbers of muskox calves observed in 2000 and 2001 (<5 calves/100 females >2 years of age) may be due in part to predation of neonatal calves by grizzly bears. The successful return of muskoxento northeastern Alaska has created a predictable source of large mammal protein for some grizzly bears. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arctic Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. RP Reynolds, PE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arctic Natl Wildlife Refuge, 101 12th Ave,Room 236, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM patricia_reynolds@fws.gov; harry_reynolds@fishgame.state.ak.us; dick_shideler@fishgame.state.ak.us NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT (IBA) PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2002 VL 13 BP 79 EP 84 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 937LN UT WOS:000229925700009 ER PT J AU Mattson, DJ Podruzny, SR Haroldson, MA AF Mattson, DJ Podruzny, SR Haroldson, MA TI Consumption of fungal sporocarps by Yellowstone grizzly bears SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE foraging behavior; fungi; grizzly bears; habitat selection; mushrooms; sporocarps; Ursus arctos; Yellowstone AB Sign of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) consuming fungal sporocarps (mushrooms and truffles) was observed on 68 occasions during a study of radiomarked bears in the Yellowstone region, 1977-96. Sporocarps also were detected in96 grizzly bear feces. Most fungi consumed by Yellowstone's grizzly bears were members of the Boletaceae (Suillus spp.), Russulaceae (Russula spp. and Lactarius sp.), Morchellaceae (Morchella elata), and Rhizopogonaceae. Consumption of false truffles (Rhizopogon spp.) was indicated by excavations that were deeper, on average (1.1 dm), than excavations for mushrooms (0.6 dm). Consumptionof sporocarps was most frequent during September (7% of all activity), although median numbers of sporocarps excavated at feeding sites peaked during both August and September (22-23 excavations/site). Almost all consumption (75%) occurred on edaphically harsh sites typically dominated by lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta). At broad scales, consumption of sporocarps was most likely where these types of lodgepole pine-dominated sites were extensive or where high-elevation sites supporting mature whitebark pine (P. albicaulis) were rare. The number of sporocarps excavated at a feeding site was greatest when cone crops ofwhitebark pine were small and in stands with abundant lodgepole pine. At finescales, consumption of fungi was positively associated with lodgepole pine basal area and negatively associated with total ground vegetation cover. Becauseof the strong association of sporocarp consumption with lodgepole pine and its disassociation at broad scales with availability of whitebark pine seeds, consumption of mushrooms and truffles by grizzly bears will likely increase in the Yellowstone ecosystem with global warming. Lodgepole pine is predicted to increase and whitebark pine to decline with global warming. C1 No Arizona Univ, Colorado Plateau Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey,No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interacy Grizzly Bear Study Team, Forestry Sci Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Mattson, DJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Colorado Plateau Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM David_Mattson@usgs.gov; Shannon_Prodruzny@usgs.gov; Mark_Haroldson@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT (IBA) PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2002 VL 13 BP 95 EP 103 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 937LN UT WOS:000229925700011 ER PT J AU Mattson, DJ French, MG French, SP AF Mattson, DJ French, MG French, SP TI Consumption of earthworms by Yellowstone grizzly bears SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE earthworms; foraging behavior; grizzly bears; habitat selection; Oligocheata; Ursus arctos; Yellowstone AB There are very few records, primarily from Eurasia, of bears consuming earthworms (class Oligocheata). Sign of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) eating earthworms was observed at 20 sites during a radiotelemetry study of the Yellowstone population, 1977-92, and on 14 additional occasions during direct observations, 1985-96. Relative frequency and intensity of earthworm consumption peaked during April and May and declined thereafter. No'consumption of earthworms was detected after June. In general, soils were wet to saturated from snowmelt at the time they were excavated by bears to consume earthworms. At fine scales, earthworm use was positively associated with nearness to a forest edge and with cover of bluegrasses (Poa spp.). Excavations tended to be larger in total size during months when regional precipitation was greater; depths averaged 0.9 din. These depths together With other site characteristics suggest thatthe bears consumed anecic species of earthworm, most likely non-natives of the family Lumbricidae. At two sites, we estimated that 120-170 earthworms m(-2) were available to the bears, totaling 4,000-7,900 for the entire feeding sites. This potentially amounted to 0.9-1.8 kg of worms, comprised of 60-70% protein (dry weight). Earthworms are a unique high-quality bear food that may have been overlooked in other areas. Given the continuing invasion of previously-glaciated boreal and montane regions in North America by non-native earthworms, consumption of worms by bears may become more widespread. C1 No Arizona Univ, Colorado Plateau Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Yellowstone Grizzly Fdn, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. RP Mattson, DJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Colorado Plateau Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM David_Mattson@usgs.gov; mfrench@wyoming.com; mfrench@wyoming.com NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT (IBA) PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2002 VL 13 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 937LN UT WOS:000229925700012 ER PT J AU Keating, KA Schwartz, CC Haroldson, MA Moody, D AF Keating, KA Schwartz, CC Haroldson, MA Moody, D TI Estimating numbers of females with cubs-of-the-year in the Yellowstone grizzlybear population SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem; grizzly bear; nonparametric statistics; population estimation; Ursus arctos horribilis; Yellowstone National Park AB For grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), minimum population size and allowable numbers of human-caused mortalities have been calculated as a function of the number of unique females with cubs-of-the-year (F-CUB) seen during a 3-year period. This approach underestimates the total number of F-CUB, thereby biasing estimates of population size and sustainable mortality. Also, it does not permit calculation of valid confidence bounds. Many statistical methods can resolve or mitigate these problems, but there is no universal best method. Instead, relative performances of different methods can vary with population size, sample size, and degree of heterogeneity among sighting probabilities. for individual animals. We compared 7 nonparametric estimators, using Monte Carlo techniques to assess performances over the range of sampling conditions deemed plausible for the Yellowstone population. Our goal was to estimate the number of F-CUB present in the population each year. Our evaluation differed from previous comparisons of such estimators by including sample coverage methods and by treating individual sightings, rather than sample periods, as the sample unit. Consequently, our conclusions also differ from earlier studies. Recommendations regarding estimators and necessary sample sizes are presented, together with estimates of annual numbers of F-CUB in the Yellowstone population with bootstrap confidence bounds. C1 Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Lander, WY 82520 USA. RP Keating, KA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM kkeating@montana.edu; chuck_schwartz@usgs.gov; mark_haroldson@usgs.gov; dmoody@missc.state.wy.us NR 0 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT (IBA) PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2002 VL 13 BP 161 EP 174 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 937LN UT WOS:000229925700017 ER PT J AU Cherry, S Haroldson, MA Robison-Cox, J Schwartz, CC AF Cherry, S Haroldson, MA Robison-Cox, J Schwartz, CC TI Estimating total human-caused mortality from reported mortality using data from radio-instrumented grizzly bears SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian statistics; grizzly bear; mortality; Ursus arctos; Yellowstone AB Tracking mortality of the Yellowstone grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) is an essential issue of the recovery process. Problem bears removed by agencies are well documented. Deaths of radiocollared bears are known or, in many cases, can be reliably inferred. Additionally, the public reports an unknown proportion of deaths of uncollared bears. Estimating the number of non-agency human-caused mortalities is a necessary element that must be factored into the total annual mortality. Here, we describe a method of estimating the number of such deaths from records of reported human-caused bear mortalities. We used a hierarchical Bayesian model with a non-informative prior distribution for the number of deaths. Estimates of reporting rates developed from deaths of radio-instrumented bears from 1983 to 2000 were used to develop beta prior probabilitydistributions that the public will report a death. Twenty-seven known deaths of radio-instrumented bears occurred during this period with 16 reported. Additionally, fates of 23 radio-instrumented bears were unknown and are consideredpossible unreported mortalities. We describe 3 ways of using this informationto specify prior distributions on the probability a death will be reported bythe public. We estimated total deaths of non-instrumented bears in running 3-year periods from 1993 to 2000. Thirty-nine known deaths of non-instrumented bears were reported during this period, ranging from 0 to 7/year. Seven possible mortalities were recorded. We applied the method to both sets of mortality data. Results from this method can be combined with agency removals and deaths of collared bears to produce defensible estimates of total mortality over relevant periods and to incorporate uncertainty when evaluating mortality limits established for the Yellowstone grizzly bear population. Assumptions and limitations of this procedure are discussed. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey,No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study Team, Forestry Sci Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Cherry, S (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM cherry@math.montana.edu; mark_haroldson@usgs.gov; jimrc@math.montana.edu; chuck_schwartz@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT (IBA) PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2002 VL 13 BP 175 EP 184 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 937LN UT WOS:000229925700018 ER PT J AU Schwartz, CC Haroldson, MA Gunther, KA Moody, D AF Schwartz, CC Haroldson, MA Gunther, KA Moody, D TI Distribution of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem, 1990-2000 SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE distribution; grizzly bear; kernel density; range analysis; Ursus arctos; Yellowstone ecosystem AB The Yellowstone grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) has been expanding its range during the past 2 decades and now occupies historic habitats that had been vacant. A current understanding of the distribution of grizzly bears withinthe ecosystem is useful in the recovery process and to help guide the state and federal land management agencies and state wildlife agencies of Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana as they prepare management plans. We used kernel estimators to develop distribution maps of occupied habitats based on initial sightings ofunduplicated females (n = 300) with cubs-of-the-year, information from radiomarked bears (n = 105), and locations of conflicts, confrontations, and mortalities (n = 1,235). Although each data set was constrained by potential samplingbias, together they provided insight into areas within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) currently occupied by grizzly bears. The current distribution (1990-2000) extends beyond the recovery zone identified in the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service (USFWS) Recovery Plan. Range expansion is particularly evident in the southern portion of the ecosystem in Wyoming. A comparison of our results from the 1990s to previously published distribution maps show an approximate increase in occupied habitat of 48% and 34% from the 1970s and 1980s, respectively. We discuss data biases and problems implicit to the analysis. C1 Montana State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr,Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Bear Management Off, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Trophy Game Sect, Lander, WY 82520 USA. RP Schwartz, CC (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr,Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM chuck_schwartz@usgs.gov; mark_haroldson@usgs.gov; kerry_gunther@nps.gov; dmoody@missc.state.wy.us NR 0 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT (IBA) PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2002 VL 13 BP 203 EP 212 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 937LN UT WOS:000229925700020 ER PT J AU Collins, GH Wielgus, RB Koehler, GM AF Collins, GH Wielgus, RB Koehler, GM TI Effects of sex and age of American black bear on conifer damage and control SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE American black bear; conifer damage; forestry; hunting; Ursus americanus; Washington State AB American black bear (Ursus americanus) feeding damage to conifer stands can result in substantial economic losses in the Pacific Northwest. However, little is known about which sex and age classes of bears cause the most damage and the effectiveness of current control methods. We examined the frequency, intensity, and total conifer damage by radio-monitoring 13 male and 9 female black bears from 1998 to 1999 to determine which sex and age classes caused the most damage. We also examined which sex and age classes were affected by control measures (hunting) to determine the efficacy of management actions. Females were associated with greater frequency (P = 0.078), intensity (P = 0.037), and total conifer damage (P = 0.015) than males. Adult females damaged more trees thanother sex and age classes combined (P = 0.092). Adult males comprised the majority of bears removed by hunting (66%) but caused only 11% of total damage. Current damage control measures do not seem to be as effective as they could be. We recommend that current hunting practices be reexamined as a mechanism fordamage control. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Large Carnivore Conservat Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Collins, GH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Togiak Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 270, Dillingham, AK 99576 USA. EM Gail_Collins@fws.gov; wielgus@wsu.edu; koehlgmk@dfw.wa.gov NR 0 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT (IBA) PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2002 VL 13 BP 231 EP 236 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 937LN UT WOS:000229925700023 ER PT J AU Smith, TS AF Smith, TS TI Effects of human activity on brown bear use of the Kulik River, Alaska SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE bear-human interactions; brown bear; human activity; Katmai National Park; Ursus arctos AB I systematically observed brown bear (Ursus arctos) and human activity on a sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stream in Katmai National Park during fail 1993 and 1995. More than 700 hours of observations were used to determine the temporal and spatial use patterns by people and bears as well as the frequency,nature, and outcome of bear-human interactions. Bears altered their temporal and spatial use of the river to accommodate human activity, seeking times and places where human use was lowest. Bear-human interactions were primarily the result of people. venturing into areas of concentrated bear activity, rather than bears entering areas heavily used by people. Approximately one-fourth of bears involved in bear-human interactions left the river, not to return for several hours. Bears acted differently in river zones dominated by people than inzones dominated by bears in that they spent less time on the river, less timeresting, and more time moving about in human-dominated zones. The data suggest that as long as there are areas where bears can avoid human activity, they will seek them to gain access to salmon. If, however, human use of the river continues to increase as it has the past decade, the day may come when there will be no more room for bears. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Smith, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM tom_smith@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT (IBA) PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2002 VL 13 BP 257 EP 267 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 937LN UT WOS:000229925700026 ER PT J AU Reagan, SR Ertel, JM Stinson, P Yakupzack, P Anderson, D AF Reagan, SR Ertel, JM Stinson, P Yakupzack, P Anderson, D TI A passively triggered foot snare design for American black bears to reduce disturbance by non-target animals SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE Aldrich foot snare; American black bear; animal safety; capture injury; culvert trap; non-target species; trap design; Ursus americanus AB American black bears (Ursus americanus) are commonly captured throughout theirrange for research or management purposes. However, with the most commonly used capture devices, capture of non-target animals and disturbance of traps cansubstantially reduce capture efficiency. Here, we describe a passively-triggered snare designed to capture black bears and reduce such trap disturbance. The passively triggered snare system was designed to secure the snare to the foot of the bear as it attempts to access bait in the bottom of a hole by hookinga screen on top of the bait with its claws, pulling a PVC tube upward and gently tightening the snare to its wrist. We qualitatively compared this design (143 trap-nights) with 2 conventional methods, spring-activated snares (574 trap-nights) and culvert traps (129 trap-nights). Passively-triggered snares captured bears 15 of 74 times (20%) the traps were disturbed, spring-activated snares 22 of 360 times (6%), and culvert traps 25 of 63 times (40%). Both the passively-triggered snares and culvert traps prevented lost trap-nights to non-target species, such as raccoon (Procyon lotor). Passively-triggered snares prevented bear cubs from being captured, although several were observed attemptingto take bait from the sets. Passively triggered snares, like culvert traps, require no concealment, but unlike culvert traps, are highly portable. The passively-triggered snare provides the same advantages as other snare designs, buthas the potential to increase capture efficiency when disturbance by non-target animals is common. The results of our study suggest further evaluation of this technique is warranted. Comparisons with other techniques should be based on equal number of trap-nights and a study design that incorporates different environmental conditions. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mandalay Natl Wildlife Refuge, Houma, LA 70360 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, MS USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Tallulah, LA USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Houma, LA USA. RP Reagan, SR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mandalay Natl Wildlife Refuge, 3599 Bayou Black Dr, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM Steve_Reagan@fws.gov; Janet_Ertel@fws.gov; Pat_Stinson@fws.gov; Paul_Yakupzack@fws.gov NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT (IBA) PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2002 VL 13 BP 317 EP 320 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 937LN UT WOS:000229925700032 ER PT J AU Clark, JD Huber, D Servheen, C AF Clark, JD Huber, D Servheen, C TI Bear reintroductions: Lessons and challenges SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE bear; reestablishment; reintroduction; restoration; translocation; Ursus americanus; Ursus arctos AB Reintroduction is defined as an attempt to establish a species in an area thatwas once part of its historical range, but from which it has been extirpated or become extinct. Historically, one of the most successful programs was the reintroduction of 254 American black bears (Ursus americanus) from Minnesota tothe Interior Highlands of Arkansas in the 1960s; that population has grown to>2,500 today. More recent efforts have involved fewer but better monitored animals and have sometimes employed techniques to improve site fidelity and survival. In Pennsylvania, for example, pregnant female American black bears were successfully translocated from winter dens, the premise being that the adult females would be less likely to return because of the presence of young cubs. That winter-release technique was compared to summer trapping and release in Tennessee; winter releases resulted in greater survival and reduced post-releasemovements. Homing has not been a problem for small numbers of brown bears (Ursus arctos) reintroduced to the Cabinet-Yaak ecosystem in Montana and Idaho and to the mountains of Austria and France. Reintroduction success appears to becorrelated with translocation distance and is greater for subadults and females. As with any small population, reintroduced bear populations are susceptible to environmental variation and stochastic demographic and genetic processes.Although managers have focused on these biological barriers, sociopolitical impediments to bear reintroduction are more difficult to overcome. Poor public acceptance and understanding of beats are the main reasons some reintroductionprograms have been derailed. Consequently, the public should be involved in the reintroduction process from the outset; overcoming negative public perceptions about bear reintroduction will be our greatest challenge. C1 Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Field Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Zagreb, Fac Vet, Dept Biol, Zagreb 1000, Croatia. Univ Montana, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Missoula, MT USA. RP Clark, JD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Field Lab, 274 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jclark1@utk.edu; duro.huber@zg.tel.hr; grizz@selway.umt.edu RI Huber, Djuro/P-3493-2016 NR 0 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 6 U2 50 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT (IBA) PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2002 VL 13 BP 335 EP 345 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 937LN UT WOS:000229925700034 ER PT S AU Lemeshewsky, GP AF Lemeshewsky, GP BE Rahman, ZU Schowengerdt, RA Reichenbach, SE TI Multispectral image sharpening using a shift-invariant wavelet transform and adaptive processing of multiresolution edges SO VISUAL INFORMATION PROCESSING XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Information Processing XI CY APR 04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE image sharpening; edge correlation; shift-invariant wavelet transform; NIR ID FUSION AB Enhanced false color images from mid-IR, near-IR (NIR), and visible bands of the Landsat thematic mapper (TM) are commonly used for visually interpreting land cover type. Described here is a technique for sharpening or fusion of NIR with higher resolution panchromatic (Pan) that uses a shift-invariant implementation of the discrete wavelet transform (SIDWT) and a reported pixel-based selection rule to combine transform coefficients. There can be contrast reversals (e.g., at soil-vegetation boundaries between NIR and visible band images) and consequently degraded sharpening and edge artifacts. To improve performance for these conditions, I used a local area-based correlation technique originally reported for comparing image-pyramid-derived edges for the adaptive processing of wavelet-derived edge data. Also, using the redundant data of the SIDWT improves edge data generation. There is additional improvement because sharpened subband imagery is used with the edge-correlation process. A reported technique for sharpening three-band spectral imagery used forward and inverse intensity, hue, and saturation transforms and wavelet-based sharpening of intensity. This technique had limitations with opposite contrast data, and in this study sharpening was applied to singleband multispectral-Pan image pairs. Sharpening used simulated 30-m NIR imagery produced by degrading the spatial resolution of a higher resolution reference. Performance, evaluated by comparison between sharpened and reference image, was improved when sharpened subband data were used with the edge correlation. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lemeshewsky, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4486-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4736 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1117/12.477580 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV20Q UT WOS:000178157800021 ER PT J AU Brumbaugh, WG Petty, JD Huckins, JN Manahan, SE AF Brumbaugh, WG Petty, JD Huckins, JN Manahan, SE TI Stabilized liquid membrane device (SLMD) for the passive, integrative sampling of labile metals in water SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE cadmium; cobalt; copper; labile metal ions; lead; nickel; passive integrative sampling; water sampling; zinc ID NATURAL-WATERS; TRACE-METALS; DIALYSIS; CU; CD AB A stabilized liquid membrane device (SLMD) is described for potential use as an in situ, passive, integrative sampler for cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in natural waters. The SLMD (patent pending) consists of a 2.5-cm-wide by 15-cm-long strip of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) layflat tubing containing 1 mL of an equal mixture (v/v) of oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic acid) and EMO-8Q (7-[4-ethyl-1-methyloctyl]-8-quinolinol). The reagent mixture continuously diffuses to the exterior surface of the LDPE membrane, and provides for sequestration of several divalent metals for up to several weeks. Depending on sampler configuration, concentration factors of several thousand can be realized for these metal ions after just a few days. In addition to in situ deployment, the SLMD may be useful for laboratory determination of labile metal species in grab samples. Methods for minimizing the effects of water flow on the sampling rate are currently under investigation. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Brumbaugh, WG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 133 IS 1-4 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.1023/A:1012923529742 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 496FJ UT WOS:000172385300007 ER PT J AU McKnight, DM Hornberger, GM Bencala, KE Boyer, EW AF McKnight, DM Hornberger, GM Bencala, KE Boyer, EW TI In-stream sorption of fulvic acid in an acidic stream: A stream-scale transport experiment SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fulvic acid; dissolved organic carbon; sorption; oxyhydroxides; stream; tracer ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; SUBSURFACE WATER EXCHANGE; MOUNTAIN-NATIONAL-PARK; TRANSIENT STORAGE; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; HYPORHEIC ZONE; CONSERVATIVE TRACER; SUMMIT-COUNTY; AMINO-ACIDS; LITHIUM LI+ AB [1] The variation of concentration and composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in stream waters cannot be explained solely on the basis of soil processes in contributing subcatchments. To investigate in-stream processes that control DOC, we injected DOC-enriched water into a reach of the Snake River (Summit County, Colorado) that has abundant iron oxyhydroxides coating the streambed. The injected water was obtained from the Suwannee River (Georgia), which is highly enriched in fulvic acid. The fulvic acid from this water is the standard reference for aquatic fulvic acid for the International Humic Substances Society and has been well characterized. During the experimental injection, significant removal of sorbable fulvic acid occurred within the first 141 m of stream reach. We coinjected a conservative tracer (lithium chloride) and analyzed the results with the one-dimensional transport with inflow and storage (OTIS) stream solute transport model to quantify the physical transport mechanisms. The downstream transport of fulvic acid as indicated by absorbance was then simulated using OTIS with a first-order kinetic sorption rate constant applied to the sorbable fulvic acid. The "sorbable" fraction of injected fulvic acid was irreversibly sorbed by streambed sediments at rates (kinetic rate constants) of the order of 10(-4)-10(-3) s(-1). In the injected Suwannee River water, sorbable and nonsorbable fulvic acid had distinct chemical characteristics identified in (13)C-NMR spectra. The (13)C-NMR spectra indicate that during the experiment, the sorbable "signal" of greater aromaticity and carboxyl content decreased downstream; that is, these components were preferentially removed. This study illustrates that interactions between the water and the reactive surfaces will modify significantly the concentration and composition of DOC observed in streams with abundant chemically reactive surfaces on the streambed and in the hyporheic zone. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP McKnight, DM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, INSTAAR, Campus Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mcknight@colorado.edu; gmh3k@virginia.edu; kbencala@usgs.gov RI Bencala, Kenneth/A-6650-2010; Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013 NR 58 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 AR 1005 DI 10.1029/2001WR000269 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 559RT UT WOS:000176039700006 ER PT J AU Burkart, MR Stoner, JD AF Burkart, MR Stoner, JD TI Nitrate in aquifers beneath agricultural systems SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Diffuse Pollution CY JUN 10-15, 2001 CL MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN DE agriculture; aquifers; groundwater; irrigation; nitrate; nitrogen ID UNITED-STATES; GROUND-WATER; NITROGEN; CONTAMINATION AB Research from several regions of the world provides spatially anecdotal evidence to hypothesize which hydrologic and agricultural factors contribute to groundwater vulnerability to nitrate contamination. Analysis of nationally consistent measurements from the U.S. Geological Survey's NAWQA program confirms these hypotheses for a substantial range of agricultural systems. Shallow unconfined aquifers are most susceptible to nitrate contamination associated with agricultural systems. Alluvial and other unconsolidated aquifers are the most vulnerable and shallow carbonate aquifers provide a substantial but smaller contamination risk. Where any of these aquifers are overlain by permeable soils the risk of contamination is larger. Irrigated systems can compound this vulnerability by increasing leaching facilitated by additional recharge and additional nutrient applications. The agricultural system of corn, soybeans, and hogs produced significantly larger concentrations of groundwater nitrate than all other agricultural systems, although mean nitrate concentrations in counties with dairy, poultry, cattle and grains, and horticulture systems were similar. If trends in the relation between increased fertilizer use and groundwater nitrate in the United States are repeated in other regions of the world, Asia may experience increasing problems because of recent increases in fertilizer use. Groundwater monitoring in Western and Eastern Europe as well as Russia over the next decade may provide data to determine if the trend in increased nitrate contamination can be reversed. If the concentrated livestock trend in the United States is global, it may be accompanied by increasing nitrogen contamination in groundwater. Concentrated livestock provide both point sources in the confinement area and intense non-point sources as fields close to facilities are used for manure disposal. Regions where irrigated cropland is expanding, such as in Asia, may experience the greatest impact of this practice. C1 USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USGS, Denver, CO USA. RP Burkart, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 36 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 10 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 45 IS 9 BP 19 EP 28 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 562WU UT WOS:000176222600003 PM 12079102 ER PT J AU Battaglin, W Fairchild, J AF Battaglin, W Fairchild, J TI Potential toxicity of pesticides measured in midwestern streams to aquatic organisms SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Diffuse Pollution CY JUN 10-15, 2001 CL MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN DE aquatic organisms; pesticides; streams; toxicity ID MISSISSIPPI-RIVER VALLEY; SURFACE-WATER; HERBICIDES; BASIN; ATMOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; ATRAZINE AB Society is becoming increasingly aware of the value of healthy aquatic ecosystems as well as the effects that man's activities have on those ecosystems. In recent years, many urban and industrial sources of contamination have been reduced or eliminated. The agricultural community also has worked towards reducing off-site movement of agricultural chemicals, but their use in farming is still growing: A small fraction, estimated at < 1 to 2% of the pesticides applied to crops are lost from fields and enter nearby streams during rainfall events. In many cases aquatic organisms are exposed to mixtures of chemicals, which may lead to greater non-target risk than that predicted based on traditional risk assessments for single chemicals. We evaluated the potential toxicity of environmental mixtures of 5 classes of pesticides using concentrations from water samples collected from similar to50 sites on midwestern streams during late spring or early summer runoff events in 1989 and 1998. Toxicity index values are calculated as the concentration of the compound in the sample divided by the EC50 or LC50 of an aquatic organism. These index values a e summed within a pesticide class and for all classes to determine additive pesticide class and total pesticide toxicity indices. Toxicity index values greater than 1.0 indicate probable toxicity of a class of pesticides measured in a water sample to aquatic organisms. Results indicate that some samples had probable toxicity to duckweed and green algae, but few are suspected of having significant toxicity to bluegill sunfish or chorus frogs. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Battaglin, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046 MS 406, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 39 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 12 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 45 IS 9 BP 95 EP 102 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 562WU UT WOS:000176222600012 PM 12079130 ER PT J AU Christensen, VG Rasmussen, PP Ziegler, AC AF Christensen, VG Rasmussen, PP Ziegler, AC TI Real-time water quality monitoring and regression analysis to estimate nutrient and bacteria concentrations in Kansas streams SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Diffuse Pollution CY JUN 10-15, 2001 CL MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN DE fecal coliform bacteria; nitrogen; phosphorus; real-time monitoring; regression analysis; water quality ID CONSTITUENT AB An innovative approach currently is underway in Kansas to estimate and monitor constituent concentrations in streams. Continuous in-stream water-quality monitors are installed at selected U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations to provide real-time measurement of specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and total chlorophyll. In addition, periodic water samples are collected manually and analyzed for nutrients, bacteria, and other constituents of concern. Regression equations then are developed from measurements made by the water-quality monitors and analytical results of manually collected samples. These regression equations are used to estimate nutrient, bacteria, and other constituent concentrations. Concentrations then are available to calculate loads and yields to further assess water quality in watersheds. The continuous and real-time nature of the data may be important when considering recreational use of a water body; developing and monitoring total maximum daily loads; adjusting water-treatment strategies; and determining high constituent concentrations in time to prevent adverse effects on fish or other aquatic life. C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Christensen, VG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 45 IS 9 BP 205 EP 211 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 562WU UT WOS:000176222600025 PM 12079104 ER PT J AU Parsons, KC Brown, SC Erwin, RM Czech, HA AF Parsons, KC Brown, SC Erwin, RM Czech, HA TI Managing wetlands for waterbirds: Integrated approaches SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Parsons, KC (reprint author), Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2002 VL 25 SU 2 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 629TV UT WOS:000180065700001 ER PT J AU Conant, B Hodges, JI Groves, DJ King, JG AF Conant, B Hodges, JI Groves, DJ King, JG TI Census of trumpeter swans on Alaskan nesting habitats, 1968-2000 SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Swan Symposium/18th Trumpeter-Swan-Society Conference CY FEB 13-18, 2001 CL WARRENTON, VIRGINIA SP Trumpeteer Swan Soc DE aerial survey; Alaska; Cygnus buccinator; population trend; summer population; Trumpeter Swan AB In Alaska, hundreds of hours were flown by many survey crews during late summer in seven years to conduct a census of all occupied Trumpeter Swan (Cygnus buccinator) habitat (range 46,729 km(2) in 1968 to 123,857 km(2) in 2000). The total number of adult Trumpeter Swans increased from 1,924 to 13,934 between 1968 and 2000, a 624% increase. Population trends varied among eleven distinct geographical areas. Swan numbers increased in both high quality core habitat as well as in peripheral habitat added during the survey period. Although the Trumpeter Swan population summering in Alaska continues to grow, a comprehensive Alaska Trumpeter Swan Management Plan is needed to ensure that swans remain well distributed and a complete census every five years is recommended at least until the Alaska summering population stabilizes. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Conant, B (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 3000 Vintage Blvd,Suite 206, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2002 VL 25 SU 1 BP 3 EP 7 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 631GQ UT WOS:000180160100002 ER PT J AU Erwin, RM AF Erwin, RM TI Integrated management of waterbirds: Beyond the conventional SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Wetlands for Waterbirds held at the 24th Annual Meeting of the Waterbird-Society CY 2000 CL PLYMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS SP Waterbird Soc DE impoundments; landscape scale; refuges; shorebirds; wading birds; wetland and waterbird management; waterfowl ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; MEDITERRANEAN REGION; WETLAND CONNECTIVITY; CONSERVATION; HABITAT; MOVEMENTS AB Integrated waterbird management over the past few decade has implicitly referred to methods for managing wetlands that usually attempt to enhance habitat for taxonomic groups such as shorebirds and wading birds, in addition to waterfowl, the traditional focus group. Here I describe five elements of integration in management: taxonomic, spatial, temporal, population and habitat, and multiple-use management objectives. Spatial integration Simply expands the Scale of management concern. Rather than emphasizing management on a very limited number of impoundments or wetlands in small refuges or wildlife management areas, the vision is beginning to shift to connectivity within larger landscapes on the order of many square kilometers as telemetry data on daily and seasonal movements for many species become available. Temporal integration refers to the potential for either simultaneous management for waterbirds and commercial "crops" (e.g., crawfish and rice) or for temporally-staggered management such as row crop production in spring-summer growing seasons and waterbird management on fallow fields in the non-growing (winter) season. Integrating population dynamics with habitats has become a major research focus over the past decade. Identifying which wetlands are "sources" or "sinks" for specific populations provides managers with critical information about effective management. Further, the applications of spatially explicit population models place heavy demands on researchers to identify use patterns for breeding and dispersing individuals by age, sex, and reproductive class. Population viability analysis models require much the same information. Finally, multiple-use management integration refers to trying to optimize the uses of wetlands, when only one (perhaps secondary) use may include waterbird management. Depending upon the ownership and primary land use of a particular parcel of land containing wetlands and,, or water bodies, managing for waterbirds may be an "easy sell" (e.g., public natural resource lands) or a very contentious one, where wetlands are created for industrial, aquaculture or urban uses. In the latter case, careful planning and implementation require broad stakeholder participation and education. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Erwin, RM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, CLark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 19 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2002 VL 25 SU 2 BP 5 EP 12 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 629TV UT WOS:000180065700002 ER PT J AU Collazo, JA O'Hara, DA Kelly, CA AF Collazo, JA O'Hara, DA Kelly, CA TI Accessible habitat for shorebirds: Factors influencing its availability and conservation implications SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Wetlands for Waterbirds held at the 24th Annual Meeting of the Waterbird-Society CY 2000 CL PLYMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS SP Waterbird Soc DE accessible habitat; Calidris alpina; Calidris pusilla; Florida; impoundments; managed wetlands; National Wildlife Refuges; North Carolina; shorebirds; water depth ID CAROLINA; WETLANDS AB We examined the relationship between water levels and accessible habitat, and how accessible habitat influenced Dunlin (Calidris alpina) and Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) numbers in managed wetlands at Pea Island (North Carolina) and Merritt Island (Florida) National Wildlife Refuges in 1998 and 1999. At Pea Island we experimentally manipulated water levels, which also allowed us to examine the effects of water level fluctuations on prey base. We examined these relationships because access to foraging habitat by shorebirds is positively related to the length of their tarsometatarsus, and in the southeastern United States, small calidrids are a numerically important component of the two million migrants using inland and managed wetlands. We confirmed the importance of shallow waters for Dunlin and Semipalmated Sandpiper-numbers increased with increasing availability of 0-4 cm habitat, At Merritt Island, Dunlin use was inversely related to variability in water depth of 0-4 cm. Minimizing the frequency and amplitude of water level fluctuations associated with single-capped culverts is necessary to improve habitat quality. After adjusting for accessibility, spring habitat requirements for Dunlin and Semipalmated Sandpiper at Pea Island were met under nearly all abundance scenarios. We identified water level targets that maximize accessible habitat at Pea Island. In contrast, winter habitat requirements for Dunlin at Merritt Island were not met except in one scenario. Seasonally low prey density contributed to the shortfall, suggesting that allocating more habitat is the primary management option. Manipulating water levels at Pea Island did not adversely affect the density of eight shorebird prey species. Estimates of accessible habitat and other parameters (e.g., turnover rates, prey biomass) are essential to set and implement realistic shorebird habitat conservation goals. C1 N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resouces Div, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Forest Serv, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Collazo, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resouces Div, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 8 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2002 VL 25 SU 2 BP 13 EP 24 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 629TV UT WOS:000180065700003 ER PT J AU Serie, JR Luszcz, D Rafrovich, RV AF Serie, JR Luszcz, D Rafrovich, RV TI Population trends, productivity, and harvest of eastern population Tundra Swans SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Swan Symposium/18th Trumpeter-Swan-Society Conference CY FEB 13-18, 2001 CL WARRENTON, VA SP Trumpeteer Swan Soc DE Cygnus columbianus columbianus; Eastern Population; harvest management; population trends; productivity; Tundra Swans; waterfowl AB Population indices from the Midwinter Waterfowl Survey show that the number of Eastern Population Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) has more than doubled since 1955 and currently exceeds 100,000. Numbers of swans wintering in Maryland, in the vicinity of Chesapeake Bay, continue to decline while numbers wintering further south along coastal North Carolina steadily increase. North Carolina winters an average of about 70% of the Eastern Population, while Maryland has 20%, Virginia 6%, NewJersey 3% and elsewhere 1%. No long term productivity trends are evident in the observed age-ratios and numbers of young per family. Currently, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Virginia issue up to a total of 9,600 swan hunting permits annually (one swan per permit). The percentage of the population harvested was lowered in 1996 from 10% to 5% to stimulate population growth. Presently, nearly 4,000 birds are taken by hunters annually (40% success rate). Although population growth has slowed since the initiation of hunting in 1984, the trend remains positive and appears to be increasing after lowering the harvest rate. Thus, at current population levels, we believe that the Eastern Population is capable of sustaining a limited harvest while still ensuring future growth, ecological integrity, and other recreational opportunities to benefit society. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. N Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Edenton, NC 27932 USA. RP Serie, JR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jerry_serie@fws.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2002 VL 25 SU 1 BP 32 EP 36 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 631GQ UT WOS:000180160100005 ER PT J AU Higgins, KF Naugle, DE Forman, KJ AF Higgins, KF Naugle, DE Forman, KJ TI A case study of changing land use practices in the Northern Great Plains, USA: An uncertain future for waterbird conservation SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Wetlands for Waterbirds held at the 24th Annual Meeting of the Waterbird-Society CY 2000 CL PLYMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS SP Waterbird Soc DE agriculture; cropland; grassland; land use; nesting cover; South Dakota; wetlands ID POPULATIONS; DAKOTA AB Wetland and grassland habitats of the northern Great Plains are a primary breeding ground for waterbirds in North America. Native mixed grass prairies that were historically used for cattle grazing have met with changing social and economic pressures that put the remaining 40% of this resource at high risk of tillage. In this paper, we describe the current state of our waning rural societies, characterize impacts of land use change on waterbird habitats, and discuss conservation actions to benefit waterbirds. Recent population statistics indicate that a record number of farmers facing low commodity prices are selling their farms and moving to urban centers for employment. Other farmers are shifting from diversified agriculture to monoculture grain farming to take advantage of farm programs that provide incentives to bring marginal land into production. Additional data indicate that concurrent changes in crop types have decreased quality of farmland wildlife habitat while bigger and faster farm equipment and genetically modified crops continue to make farming marginal land less risky. Legislators and administrators should be advised that waterbird habitat loss continues to expand westward. The last chance to sustain the unique grassland-wetland character of the northern Great Plains is to accelerate grassland conservation with short- and long-term stewardship programs and incentives to family ranches. This philosophy is of vital importance because it also protects wetland habitats that otherwise are vulnerable to drainage when native prairie is converted to cropland. Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, this would conserve our prairie heritage for future generations while preserving the private property rights of landowners. C1 S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Brookings Wildlife Habitat Off, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Higgins, KF (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 29 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 10 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2002 VL 25 SU 2 BP 42 EP 50 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 629TV UT WOS:000180065700005 ER PT J AU May, SM Naugle, DE Higgins, KF AF May, SM Naugle, DE Higgins, KF TI Effects of land use on nongame wetland birds in Western South Dakota stock ponds, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Wetlands for Waterbirds held at the 24th Annual Meeting of the Waterbird-Society CY 2000 CL PLYMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS SP Waterbird Soc DE croplands; grasslands; landscape; nongame birds; South Dakota; stock ponds; wetlands ID HABITAT; MANAGEMENT; DENSITY AB Tillage agriculture is expanding into western prairie landscapes without knowledge of the effects of land use change on habitats used by nongame wetland birds. In 1999-2000, we surveyed 196 stock ponds within grassland (>95% grass) and cropland (>75% tillage) landscapes to evaluate effects of land use on nongame wetland bird densities in western South Dakota. Land use and wetlands were delineated from Landsat TM imagery and National Wetlands Inventory maps. Sixteen nongame wetland bird species used stock ponds in western South Dakota. of which nine species were obligate wetland-nesting species. Although densities of seven nongame obligate wetland bird species were similar between landscape types, abundance of Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor) was greater in grassland study areas where cattle grazing limited growth of thick-stemmed emergent vegetation and reduced overall vegetative cover in stock ponds. In contrast, the Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) and Yellow-headed Blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) were more abundant in cropland landscapes where stock ponds provide abundant over-water nesting habitat (e.g., cattail). If grasslands continue to be converted to cropland, Wilson's Phalarope numbers will likely decrease as blackbird densities increase in stock ponds dominated by monotypic stands of cattail. To circumvent such changes, we recommend that resource managers conserve large tracts of grassland through aggressive easement programs in landscapes at highest risk of agricultural tillage. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Sch Forestry, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP May, SM (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2002 VL 25 SU 2 BP 51 EP 55 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 629TV UT WOS:000180065700006 ER PT J AU Huner, JV Jeske, CW Norling, W AF Huner, JV Jeske, CW Norling, W TI Managing agricultural wetlands for waterbirds in the coastal regions of Louisiana, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Wetlands for Waterbirds held at the 24th Annual Meeting of the Waterbird-Society CY 2000 CL PLYMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS SP Waterbird Soc DE agricultural wetlands; waterbirds; habitat; crawfish; rice; management ID UNITED-STATES; CRAWFISH; POPULATIONS; BIRDS AB Rice and/or crawfish are cultivated in over 225,000 ha of shallow earthen impoundments within 160 km of the Gulf of Mexico along the coast of Louisiana. The region includes both the Gulf Coastal Plain and Prairie and the Lower Mississippi River Valley. Annual loss of 4.475 ha of coastal wetlands in Louisiana due to subsidence, erosion, and rising sea level has significantly reduced desirable freshwater habitat in the region. The suite of resident, migrant, bleeding, and wintering waterbirds depending on this region includes grebes, pelicans, cormorants, anhingas, wading birds, waterfowl, coots, rails, gallinules, shorebirds, gulls, terns, and kingfishers. These taxa utilize the artificial freshwater wetland habitat provided by the agricultural wetlands. Numerous other birds utilize riparian areas associated with these artificial wetlands. Crawfish ponds are especially valuable cool season habitat for predaceous waterbirds because they provide shallow water systems rich in invertebrate and small vertebrate prey during the period from mid-autumn through mid-spring when most rice fields are drained. Because most crawfish ponds are not drained until late spring or early summer, predictable, food-rich, shallow water waterbird habitat is available throughout the region when rice fields are being cultivated for rice production. Incorporation of crawfish management into government-sponsored land conservation programs should encourage land owners to sustain standing water habitat outside of program mandated fill/drain requirements. Farmers could adjust the times when their impoundments are filled or drained to maximize benefits to many species, especially migrating shorebirds. C1 Univ Louisiana, Crawfish Res Ctr, St Martinville, LA 70582 USA. US Geol Serv, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Huner, JV (reprint author), Univ Louisiana, Crawfish Res Ctr, 1031 WJ Bernard Rd, St Martinville, LA 70582 USA. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 14 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2002 VL 25 SU 2 BP 66 EP 78 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 629TV UT WOS:000180065700008 ER PT J AU Warnock, N Page, GW Ruhlen, TD Nur, N Takekawa, JY Hanson, JT AF Warnock, N Page, GW Ruhlen, TD Nur, N Takekawa, JY Hanson, JT TI Management and conservation of San Francisco bay salt ponds: Effects of pond salinity, area, tide, and season on Pacific flyway waterbirds SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Wetlands for Waterbirds held at the 24th Annual Meeting of the Waterbird-Society CY 2000 CL PLYMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS SP Waterbird Soc DE salinas; solar ponds; waterfowl; shorebirds; waders; salinity ID WINTERING SHOREBIRDS; WESTERN SANDPIPERS; SNOWY PLOVER; ABUNDANCE; HABITAT; ESTUARY; WETLANDS; POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA; MUDFLATS AB Throughout the world, coastal salt ponds provide habitat for large numbers and diversities of waterbirds. San Francisco Bay contains the most important coastal salt pond complexes for waterbirds in the United States, supporting more than a million waterbirds through the year. As an initial step in attempting to understand how the anticipated conversion of salt ponds to tidal marsh might affect the Bay's bird populations, the number of birds using salt ponds on high and low tides was counted during the winter months of 1999/00 and 2000/01. Behavior and habitat use of birds in these ponds were assessed, and the effects of tide cycle, pond salinity, and pond area on bird use were examined. We recorded 75 species of waterbirds in surveys of salt ponds in the South Bay from September 1999 to February 2001 totaling over a million bird use days on high tide. Shorebirds and dabbling ducks were the most abundant groups of birds using the salt ponds. Waterbird numbers and diversity were significantly affected by the salinity of ponds in a non-linear fashion with lower numbers and diversity on the highest salinity ponds. With the exception of ducks and Eared Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis), tide height at the Bay significantly affected bird numbers in the salt ponds with ponds at high tides having higher numbers of birds than the same ponds on low tides, Considerable numbers of birds fed in the salt ponds on high and low tides, although this varied greatly by species. Habitat use varied by tide. Management recommendations include maintaining ponds of varying salinities and depths. Restoring salt ponds to tidal marsh should proceed with caution to avoid loss of waterbird diversity and numbers in San Francisco Bay. C1 Point Reyes Bird Observ, Stinson Beach, CA 94970 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. San Francisco Bay Bird Observ, Alviso, CA 95002 USA. RP Warnock, N (reprint author), Point Reyes Bird Observ, 4990 Shoreline Hwy, Stinson Beach, CA 94970 USA. NR 53 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 37 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2002 VL 25 SU 2 BP 79 EP 92 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 629TV UT WOS:000180065700009 ER PT J AU Takekawa, JY Warnock, N Martinelli, GM Miles, AK Tsao, DC AF Takekawa, JY Warnock, N Martinelli, GM Miles, AK Tsao, DC TI Waterbird use of Bayland Wetlands in the San Francisco Bay estuary: Movements of long-billed Dowitchers during the winter SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Wetlands for Waterbirds held at the 24th Annual Meeting of the Waterbird-Society CY 2000 CL PLYMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS SP Waterbird Soc DE long-billed Dowitcher; Limnodromus scolopaceus; radio telemetry; wintering ecology; San Francisco Bay ID WESTERN SANDPIPERS; PACIFIC COAST; HOME-RANGE; SHOREBIRDS; CALIFORNIA; PATTERNS; MIGRATION AB The San Francisco Bay estuary is a migration and wintering area for more than 1.5 million waterbirds on the west coast of North America. Because the estuary is located in a metropolitan area, development and diking of baylands (the region between the edge of the bay and the historical high tide line) have greatly altered the wetland landscape. Recently, conservation interests have promoted restoration of diked baylands to tidal salt marshes for the benefit of endangered native species. However, effects of tidal marsh conversion Oil the existing community of waterbirds in the baylands are largely unknown, especially, in muted tidal marshes with restricted inflows and in artificial salt evaporation ponds where high waterbird densities are found The first radio-marking study of the Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) was conducted in November-December 2000 to examine their use of baylands. We captured 32 birds by rocket netting in a muted tidal marsh on the North Bay and radio-marked them with 1.2 g transmitters affixed With glue. Individuals Were tracked for all average of 20.3 d (+/- 8.5 SD) and obtained 217 high tide and 195 low tide locations. Movements between tides ( x = 1.29 +/- 1.48 SD km) and home range sizes ((x) over bar = 17.7 +/- 16.0 SD km(2)) were highly variable. Long-billed Dowitchers preferred open habitats Such as muted tidal marshes during the high tide, but the majority (78.5%) also remained ill these wetlands during low tide rather than feeding at nearby Fund flats. Their avoidance of mud flats contrasted sharply with Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) but was similar to Black-necked Stilts (Himantopus mexicanus). Seven Long-billed Dowitchers flew 110 km inland to Central Valley wetlands in mid-December, a regional movement documented earlier for Dunlin (Calidris alpina) wintering on the coast. However, unlike Dunhill, their Movements were not in response to rainfall but may have been in response to a low pressure front or possibly predictable flooding of Fields in the Central Valley. Although the estuary is a major wintering area supporting large numbers of waterbuds, some birds such as Long-billed Dowitchers move inland to freshwater wetlands in the Central Valley. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Takekawa, JY (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, POB 2012, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 11 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2002 VL 25 SU 2 BP 93 EP 105 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 629TV UT WOS:000180065700010 ER PT J AU Andrew, JM Andres, BA AF Andrew, JM Andres, BA TI Towards integrated bird conservation in North America: A US Fish and Wildlife Service perspective SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Wetlands for Waterbirds held at the 24th Annual Meeting of the Waterbird-Society CY 2000 CL PLYMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS SP Waterbird Soc DE birds; conservation; integrated; land birds; management; North America; shorebirds; waterfowl; waterbirds AB Strategic efforts to conserve migratory and resident birds in North America have made unprecedented progress in the last 15 years. Integrated bird conservation is a process that maximizes effectiveness and efficiency of conservation delivery for all migratory and resident birds. Beginning with the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has a history of supporting geographic integration of management programs. Modern Northern American perspectives must broaden to include larger geographic scales, novel private-public partnerships, stronger inter-governmental relationships, greater development of a conservation culture, and consideration of all resident and migratory bird species. The North American Bird Conservation Initiative provides a mechanism for developing new resources and optimizing existing resources. Full integration of bird conservation efforts in North America, and beyond, is our best hope of achieving conservation of migratory bird resources in future decades. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Andrew, JM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, 1875 Century Blvd,Suite 420, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2002 VL 25 SU 2 BP 122 EP 127 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 629TV UT WOS:000180065700013 ER PT J AU Sladen, WL Lishman, WA Ellis, DH Shire, GG Rininger, DL AF Sladen, WL Lishman, WA Ellis, DH Shire, GG Rininger, DL TI Teaching migration routes to Canada Geese and Trumpeter Swans using ultralight aircraft, 1990-2001 SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Swan Symposium/18th Trumpeter-Swan-Society Conference CY FEB 13-18, 2001 CL WARRENTON, VA SP Trumpeteer Swan Soc DE ultralight; Trumpeter Swan; Cygnus buccinator; induced migration; restoration; Canada Goose; Branta canadensis AB This paper summarizes eleven years (1990-2001) of experiments to teach Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) and Trumpeter Swans (Cygnus buccinator) pre-selected migration routes using ultralight aircraft. When Canada Geese were trained to follow an ultralight aircraft for southward autumn migrations of 680 or 1,320 km, 81% (83/103) returned on their own in the next spring to near their place of training. In contrast, none returned of 21 similarly raised geese that were transported south in a closed truck over a route of 680 km. Trumpeter Swans have proven more difficult to train. However, in two experiments in which Trumpeter Swans followed an ultralight for the entire pre-selected route, one of three and two of four returned close to their training area. A stage-by-stage method, in which swans were transported in trucks between stops, flown in the vicinity and penned with a view of the night sky, has shown some promise. So far an established migration route (north and south twice) has been confirmed in only two geese. C1 Swan Res Program, Environm Studies Airlie, Warrenton, VA 20187 USA. Operat Migrat, Blackstock, ON L0B 1B0, Canada. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Amer Bird Conservancy, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Sladen, WL (reprint author), Swan Res Program, Environm Studies Airlie, 7078 Airlie Rd, Warrenton, VA 20187 USA. EM wjsladen@aol.com NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2002 VL 25 SU 1 BP 132 EP 137 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 631GQ UT WOS:000180160100018 ER PT J AU Thorson, EM Cooper, JA Nelson, E AF Thorson, EM Cooper, JA Nelson, E TI Tundra Swan use of the Upper Mississippi River during autumn migration SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Swan Symposium/18th Trumpeter-Swan-Society Conference CY FEB 13-18, 2001 CL WARRENTON, VA SP Trumpeteer Swan Soc DE aerial surveys; Cygnus columbianus columbianus; brood size; length of stay; migratory stopover site; percent young; radiotelemetry; Tundra Swan; Upper Mississippi River; videography ID HABITAT AB The Upper Mississippi River is an autumn stopover site for the Eastern Population of Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus columbianus). A total of 37 aerial surveys and ten video surveys were conducted along 180 km of this river in the autumn of 1998 and 1999 to estimate swan numbers, percentage of young and brood sizes. Numbers peaked during late November and swans were present on the river in substantial numbers (>5,000) for nearly two months. Calculations suggest that 52% of the Eastern Population cygnets and about 25% of all Eastern Population swans used the study area during autumn migration. Video surveys indicated that breeders arrived later than non-breeders in autumn migration and that average brood size was 1.9 in 1999. Based on 43 radio-marked swans tracked every two to three days, the average length of stay was 33.6 days. The turnover rate (swans using the study area/peak number recorded in the study area) was low, 1.29 in 1998 and 0.94 in 1999. These findings suggest that the Upper Mississippi River is an important autumn stopover site for the Eastern Population of Tundra Swans, and may be especially important for cygnets. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Mississippi River Natl Wildlife & Fish Refu, Winona, MN 55987 USA. RP Thorson, EM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, 200 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM erik.thorson@dnr.state.mn.us NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2002 VL 25 SU 1 BP 150 EP 156 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 631GQ UT WOS:000180160100021 ER PT J AU Babcock, CA Fowler, AC Ely, CR AF Babcock, CA Fowler, AC Ely, CR TI Nesting ecology of Tundra Swans on the coastal Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Swan Symposium/18th Trumpeter-Swan-Society Conference CY FEB 13-18, 2001 CL WARRENTON, VA SP Trumpeteer Swan Soc DE Tundra Swan; Cygnus columbianus; nesting ecology; clutch size; annual variation; Alaska AB Nesting ecology of Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) was studied along the Kashunuk River near Old Chevak (61degrees26'N, 165degrees27'W), on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta of western Alaska from 1988-2000. Annual variation in snow-melt chronology, nesting phenology, nesting density, clutch size and nest success was examined. The same area (approximately 23 km(2)) was searched each year and nests were found as early as possible in the laying period. Laying initiation dates ranged from 1-27 May and hatch dates from 12 June-4 July among pairs and years of study. The peak arrival of Tundra Swans and the phenology of nest initiation and hatch were highly correlated with the progression of ice and snow melt in spring. Nest density averaged 0.71 km(-2) and 89% of nesting pairs hatched at least one egg. Incubation period ranged from 26 to 33 days with a median of 30 days. Clutch size varied significantly among years, driven by a low mean value of 3.4 eggs in 1999. Clutch sizes were generally larger than found in previous investigations on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, and nearly one egg larger than reported for clutches from Alaska's North Slope (approximate to70degreesN). There was no indication of reduced clutch size in years of late spring snow melt, although nesting density tended to be lower. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USGS, BRD, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Babcock, CA (reprint author), POB 72713, Davis, CA 95617 USA. EM ftcab@aurora.uaf.edu NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2002 VL 25 SU 1 BP 236 EP 240 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 631GQ UT WOS:000180160100032 ER PT J AU Dau, CP Sarvis, JE AF Dau, CP Sarvis, JE TI Tundra swans of the Lower Alaska Peninsula: Differences in migratory behavior and productivity SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Swan Symposium/18th Trumpeter-Swan-Society Conference CY FEB 13-18, 2001 CL WARRENTON, VA SP Trumpeteer Swan Soc DE Alaska peninsula; Cygnus columbianus columbianus; dynamics; migratory behavior; productivity; Tundra Swan AB Migratory behavior and abundance of Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) were studied from 1977 to 1996 at two adjacent sites on the lower Alaska Peninsula. Winter re-sightings of swans captured and neck banded during molt revealed that swans from one site (Pavlof) were consistently migratory while those from the other (Izembek) were essentially resident during 17 of 20 years when they wintered at nearby Unimak Island. Large emigrations occurred from Izembek in three consecutive years to winter sites in the U.S. Pacific Northwest where swans from Pavlof and elsewhere also wintered. There was no indication of mixing between swans from Izembek and Pavlof on the breeding grounds or Alaskan wintering grounds. The average number of swans on Izembek and Pavlof breeding grounds was 212 +/- 34 (0.20 +/- 0.03 swans per km(2)) and 586 +/- 77 (0.31 +/- 0.05 swans per km(2)), respectively. Breeding habitats appeared similar, however, densities of total swans and breeding pairs were 35% and 48% higher at Pavlof. Emigrations from Izembek resulted in 37% and 94% declines in numbers of swans on the breeding grounds and Alaskan wintering grounds. The number of swans at Izembek recovered at 19% per year following emigrations to near normal numbers. At Pavlof, where swans were consistently migratory, densities did not show the same patterns of variation as those at Izembek. C1 Izembek NWR, Cold Bay, AK 99571 USA. RP Dau, CP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM christian_dau@fws.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2002 VL 25 SU 1 BP 241 EP 249 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 631GQ UT WOS:000180160100033 ER PT J AU Earnst, SL AF Earnst, SL TI Parental care in Tundra Swans during the pre-fledging period SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Swan Symposium/18th Trumpeter-Swan-Society Conference CY FEB 13-18, 2001 CL WARRENTON, VA SP Trumpeteer Swan Soc DE Alaska; breeding grounds; Cygnus columbianus; foraging; habitat use; parental care; Tundra Swan ID LESSER SNOW GOOSE; BROOD SIZE; CANADA GEESE; BRANTA-LEUCOPSIS; BARNACLE GOOSE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; ACTIVITY BUDGETS; GOSLING GROWTH; BLACK BRANT; HATCH DATE AB Among studies that have quantified the care of precocial young, few have investigated forms of parental care other than vigilance. During the pre-fledging period, Tundra Swan (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) parents provided simultaneous biparental care by foraging near each other and their cygnets, and cygnets spent more time foraging during bouts in which both parents were foraging nearby than when only one parent was foraging nearby. Parents spent nearly twice as much foraging time on land than did non-parents, a habitat in which cygnets foraged more intensely than parents (i.e., spent more time foraging during foraging bouts) and could graze on protein-rich sedges rather than use more difficult below-water foraging methods. Parents also spent more than twice as much time being vigilant and more than three times as much time defending their territory than non-parents, behaviors that presumably benefited cygnets by decreasing predation risk and indirect foraging competition, respectively. Parents therefore incurred the costs of foraging less intensely during foraging bouts, spending more time interacting, more time in vigilance, and less time sleeping/preening than non-parents. C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Earnst, SL (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM susan_earnst@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2002 VL 25 SU 1 BP 268 EP 277 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 631GQ UT WOS:000180160100036 ER PT J AU Bollinger, KS King, R AF Bollinger, KS King, R TI Activity budgets of nesting Trumpeter Swans in interior Alaska SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Swan Symposium/18th Trumpeter-Swan-Society Conference CY FEB 13-18, 2001 CL WARRENTON, VIRGINIA SP Trumpeteer Swan Soc DE activity budgets; Alaska; Cygnus buccinator; nesting behavior; Trumpeter Swan ID BEHAVIOR AB Activity budgets of wild Trumpeter Swans (Cygnus buccinator) nesting in interior Alaska were recorded in 1982 and 1983. Analysis of these time budgets were used to quantify and compare the behavior of females, mates and broods during incubation, hatching and brood-rearing. Male behavior changed little during the breeding season; however, they fed less and were alert more during hatching than during either incubation or brood-rearing. Females interrupted incubation sessions only to feed and occasionally to assist males in chasing intruding swans. Females initiated recesses during incubation usually when males were near the nest. Males attended nests during their mates' absence, but were never observed to sit on the eggs. During brood-rearing, behavior of females and males was similar, but cygnets spent more time feeding and resting, and less time preening and being alert, than did parents. Activity budgets are compared to those from other studies of wild Trumpeter Swans and Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) in Alaska. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Bollinger, KS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 11500 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2002 VL 25 SU 1 BP 285 EP 292 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 631GQ UT WOS:000180160100038 ER PT J AU Sojda, RS Cornely, JE Howe, AE AF Sojda, RS Cornely, JE Howe, AE TI Development of an expert system for assessing trumpeter swan breeding habitat in the northern Rocky Mountains SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Swan Symposium/18th Trumpeter-Swan-Society Conference CY FEB 13-18, 2001 CL WARRENTON, VIRGINIA SP Trumpeteer Swan Soc DE artificial intelligence; breeding habitat; Cygnus buccinator; decision support system; expert systems; knowledge engineering; Rocky Mountains; Trumpeter Swan AB A decision support system for the management of the Rocky Mountain Population of Trumpeter Swans (Cygnus buccinator) is being developed. As part of this, three expert systems are also in development: one for assessing the quality of Trumpeter Swan breeding habitat; one for making water level recommendations in montane, palustrine wetlands; and one for assessing the contribution a particular site can make towards meeting objectives from a flyway perspective. The focus of this paper is the development of the breeding habitat expert system, which currently consists of 157 rules. Our purpose is to provide decision support for issues that appear to be beyond the capability of single persons to conceptualize and solve. We propose that by involving multiple experts in the development and use of the system, management will be significantly improved. The knowledge base for the expert system has been developed using standard knowledge engineering techniques with a small team of ecological experts. Knowledge was then coded using production rules organized in decision trees using a commercial expert system development shell. The final system has been deployed on the world wide web. C1 Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Sojda, RS (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Dept Ecol, 212 AJM Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2002 VL 25 SU 1 BP 313 EP 318 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 631GQ UT WOS:000180160100042 ER PT J AU Wright, CK Sojda, R Goodman, D AF Wright, CK Sojda, R Goodman, D TI Bayesian time series analysis of segments of the Rocky Mountain Trumpeter Swan population SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Swan Symposium/18th Trumpeter-Swan-Society Conference CY FEB 13-18, 2001 CL WARRENTON, VIRGINIA SP Trumpeteer Swan Soc DE Bayesian analysis; Cygnus buccinator; dynamic linear model; Rocky Mountain population; Trumpeter Swans ID LAKE-MICHIGAN SALMONIDS AB A Bayesian time series analysis technique, the dynamic linear model, was used to analyze counts of Trumpeter Swans (Cygnus buccinator) summering in Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming from 1931 to 2000. For the Yellowstone National Park segment of white birds (sub-adults and adults combined) the estimated probability of a positive growth rate is 0.01. The estimated probability of achieving the Subcommittee on Rocky Mountain Trumpeter Swans 2002 population goal of 40 white birds for the Yellowstone segment is less than 0.01. Outside of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming white birds are estimated to have a 0.79 probability of a positive growth rate with a 0.05 probability of achieving the 2002 objective of 120 white birds. In the Centennial Valley in southwest Montana, results indicate a probability of 0.87 that the white bird population is growing at a positive rate with considerable uncertainty. The estimated probability of achieving the 2002 Centennial Valley objective of 160 white birds is 0.14 but under an alternative model falls to 0.04. The estimated probability that the Targhee National Forest segment of white birds has a positive growth rate is 0.03. In Idaho outside of the Targhee National Forest, white birds are estimated to have a 0.97 probability of a positive growth rate with a 0.18 probability of attaining the 2002 goal of 150 white birds. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Wright, CK (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2002 VL 25 SU 1 BP 319 EP 326 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 631GQ UT WOS:000180160100043 ER PT J AU Pelizza, CA Britten, HB AF Pelizza, CA Britten, HB TI Isozyme analysis reveals genetic differences between three trumpeter swan populations SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Swan Symposium/18th Trumpeter-Swan-Society Conference CY FEB 13-18, 2001 CL WARRENTON, VIRGINIA SP Trumpeteer Swan Soc DE bottleneck; Cygnus buccinator; founder effect; gene flow; isozymes; Trumpeter Swan AB Reintroduction efforts have established small, scattered flocks of Trumpeter Swans (Cygnus buccinator) in the Midwestern United States. Management of these flocks as distinct population units is debated among wildlife managers. The purpose of this study was to quantify generic differences among three recognized populations of Trumpeter Swans. Blood and tissue samples were collected during 1999 and 2000 and analyzed using horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis. Trumpeter Swans from the High Plains Flock and the Greater Yellowstone Population, from which the High Plains Flock was derived, were genetically indistinguishable. However, both flocks differed from the Pacific Coast Population in allele frequencies at the adenosine deaminase (ADA) locus. Founder effects may have influenced both the High Plains Flock and the Greater Yellowstone Population. Results also suggest unidirectional gene flow from the Pacific Coast Population into the other populations. The High Plains Flock may be a suitable source of individuals to increase the size of the Greater Yellowstone Population while maintaining similar allele frequencies. Additional higher resolution genetic surveys are warranted. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Calipatria, CA 92233 USA. Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. RP Pelizza, CA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 906 W Sinclair Rd, Calipatria, CA 92233 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2002 VL 25 SU 1 BP 355 EP 359 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 631GQ UT WOS:000180160100050 ER PT J AU Olsen, GH Rininger, DL Ets, MK Sladen, WL AF Olsen, GH Rininger, DL Ets, MK Sladen, WL TI Baseline Hematology and clinical chemistry results from captive-raised trumpeter swans SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Swan Symposium/18th Trumpeter-Swan-Society Conference CY FEB 13-18, 2001 CL WARRENTON, VIRGINIA SP Trumpeteer Swan Soc DE biochemistry; complete blood counts; Cygnus buccinator; hematology; migration; Trumpeter Swan; ultralight aircraft ID VALUES AB Results from hematology and clinical chemistry tests are presented for healthy captive-raised Trumpeter Swans (Cygnus buccinator) to help establish baseline data. Blood samples were obtained from 14 cygnets between the ages of three to four and seven to eight months that were the subjects of a study to teach migration routes to swans. Males and females differed significantly in asparatate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and total protein. Age categories differed significantly in hematocrit, white blood cell counts, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, cholesterol and uric acid. There were no significant differences among age categories in values of alanine aminotransferase, calcium, triglycerides and total protein. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Environm Studies Airlie, Swan Res Program, Warrenton, VA 20187 USA. Elanor Roosevelt High Sch, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Olsen, GH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, 12302 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2002 VL 25 SU 1 BP 375 EP 379 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 631GQ UT WOS:000180160100054 ER PT J AU Twedt, DJ Linz, GM AF Twedt, DJ Linz, GM TI Morphometric changes in Yellow-headed Blackbirds during summer in central North Dakota SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE mass; molt; morphology; North Dakota; trend analysis; Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus; yellow-headed blackbird ID GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; AGE AB Temporal stability of morphometric measurements is desirable when using avian morphology as a predictor of geographic origin, Therefore, to assess their temporal stability, we examined changes in morphology of Yellow-headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) from central North Dakota during summer. Measurements differed,among age classes and between sexes. As expected, due to growth and maturation, measurements on hatching-year birds increased over summer. Measurements of adult plumage fluctuated with prebasic molt and exhibited age-specific discontinuities. Body mass of adult birds increased over summer, whereas both culmen length and skull length decreased. Only body length and length of internal skeletal elements were temporally stable in adult Yellow-headed Blackbirds. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Twedt, DJ (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 2524 S Frontage Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JAN PY 2002 VL 62 IS 1 BP 39 EP 43 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 525FP UT WOS:000174058500005 ER PT J AU Scoppettone, GG Rissler, PH AF Scoppettone, GG Rissler, PH TI Status of the Preston White River springfish (Crenichthys baileyi albivallis) SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Crenichthys; Goodeidae; Empetrichthyidae; springfish; warm springs; White River; Colorado River; population estimate AB We determined die distribution and estimated population number of Preston White River springfish (Crenichthys baileyi albivallis) in summer 1998 and winter 1999. The total population was <5000 fish persisting in only 4 of 6 spring systems from which it had been previously captured. To improve its status, we recommend conservation measures. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Reno, NV 89502 USA. RP Scoppettone, GG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, 1340 Financial Blvd,Suite 161, Reno, NV 89502 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JAN PY 2002 VL 62 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 525FP UT WOS:000174058500009 ER PT J AU Karp, CA Mueller, G AF Karp, CA Mueller, G TI Razorback sucker movements and habitat use in the San Juan River inflow, Lake Powell, Utah, 1995-1997 SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE razorback sticker; Xyrauchen texanus; San Juan River inflow ID COLORADO SQUAWFISH; XYRAUCHEN-TEXANUS; GREEN RIVER; NEW-MEXICO AB Seventeen subadult, hatchery-reared razorback stickers (Xyrauchen texanus; ((x) over bar = 456 mm total length) were implanted with sonic transmitters and tracked for 23 months in the lower 89.6 km of die San Juan River (San Juan arm of Lake Powell, Utah). Fish were released at 2 sites, and 9 made extensive up- and downstream movements ((x) over bar similar or equal to 47.8 km; contact was lost with 4, and 4 others presumably died or lost their transmitters). The San Juan arm is primarily inundated canyon; however, most fish contacts occurred in shallow coves and shoreline with thick stands of flooded salt cedar in die upper inflow area. Eight fish frequented the Piute Farms river/lake mixing zone, and at least 4 moved upstream into the San Juan River. Seven fish were found in 2 aggregations in spring (3 fish in Neskahi Bay in 1996 and 4 fish just downstream of Piute Farms in 1997 and these may have been associated with spawning activity. Continued presence of razorback suckers in the Piute Farms area and lower San Juan River suggests the San Juan inflow to Lake Powell could be used as an alternate stocking site for reintroduction efforts. C1 US Bur Reclamat, Fisheries Applicat Res Grp, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Karp, CA (reprint author), US Bur Reclamat, Fisheries Applicat Res Grp, POB 25007, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JAN PY 2002 VL 62 IS 1 BP 106 EP 111 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 525FP UT WOS:000174058500012 ER PT B AU Lorah, MM Burris, DR Dyer, LJ AF Lorah, MM Burris, DR Dyer, LJ BE Nehring, KW Brauning, SE TI Efficiency of natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents in two freshwater wetlands SO WETLANDS AND REMEDIATION II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Wetlands and Remediation CY SEP 05-06, 2001 CL BURLINGTON, VT SP Battelle Mem Inst, Earth Tech, US Dept Def, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, USN, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc ID WATER TIDAL WETLAND; FIELD AB Natural attenuation caused by anaerobic biodegradation is being investigated for chlorinated solvent plumes discharging from aerobic sand aquifers to two different freshwater wetlands--a tidal marsh at Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG), Maryland, and a cedar swamp in the New Jersey Pinelands (Collier Mills Wildlife Management Area). At the APG marsh, concentrations of parent contaminants, including trichloroethene (TCE) and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (PCA), and anaerobic daughter compounds generally decrease to below detection levels before land surface is reached along upward groundwater flowpaths in the wetland and creek-bottom sediments. At the Collier Mills swamp, concentrations of TCE and the daughter compound cis-1,2-dichloroethene (c12DCE) remain high along upward flowpaths in the wetland porewater in some areas. Surface-water concentrations of TCE average about 20 mug/L where the center of the plume discharges. Although mixed iron-reducing and methanogenic conditions are predominant in the wetland sediments at both sites, TCE degradation in the Collier Mills wetland sediment seems to be limited to production of c12DCE. Anaerobic laboratory microcosms showed that TCE degraded to below the detection level in less than 25 days in the APG wetland sediment, whereas degradation was insignificant over a 35-day period in the Collier Mills wetland sediment. The less efficient chlorinated solvent degradation in the wetland sediments at the Collier Mills site can be attributed partly to differences in ground-water residence time, and partly to differences in microbial communities in the wetland sediments. C1 US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Lorah, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-122-1 PY 2002 BP 9 EP 16 PG 6 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA BU29H UT WOS:000175585500002 ER PT B AU Dyer, LJ Lorah, MM Burris, DR AF Dyer, LJ Lorah, MM Burris, DR BE Nehring, KW Brauning, SE TI Effect of sampling method on measured porewater concentrations in a wetland contaminated by chlorinated solvents SO WETLANDS AND REMEDIATION II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Wetlands and Remediation CY SEP 05-06, 2001 CL BURLINGTON, VT SP Battelle Mem Inst, Earth Tech, US Dept Def, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, USN, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc ID WATER TIDAL WETLAND; FIELD AB As part of a study on natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents discharging to a freshwater tidal wetland, wetland porewater concentrations were compared for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), iron, sulfide, and methane using four different sampling methods at comparable depths. The sampling devices included (1) drive-point piezometers with 15-cm-long screened intervals, (2) tubing samplers that have inverted screens at the bottom, (3) porous-membrane sampling devices (peepers) with sampling chambers spaced 3 cm to 5.5 cm apart, and (4) multi-level samplers that contain seven screened intervals in one borehole. Samples from the peepers generally had higher concentrations of iron, sulfide, and VOCs than samples from the other devices. At depths between 100 and 220 cm below land surface (below where the peepers reached), the tube wells and multi-level samplers generally had higher concentrations of most constituents than those detected by the drive-point piezometers. The results indicate that samples from drive-point piezometers, a common ground-water sampling device, must be interpreted with caution to accurately characterize porewater quality in anaerobic wetland sediments. Peepers (or similar passive-diffusion samplers) should be included as a sampling method to assess natural attenuation because they show more distinct trends in redox-sensitive species and in the distribution of intermediate degradation products of the chlorinated VOCs than other sampling devices. C1 US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Dyer, LJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-122-1 PY 2002 BP 33 EP 40 PG 4 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA BU29H UT WOS:000175585500005 ER PT S AU Hubert, WA Joyce, MP Gipson, R Zafft, D Money, D Hawk, D Taro, B AF Hubert, WA Joyce, MP Gipson, R Zafft, D Money, D Hawk, D Taro, B BE Bartholomew, JL Wilson, JC TI Whirling disease among snake river cutthroat trout in two spring streams in Wyoming SO WHIRLING DISEASE: REVIEWS AND CURRENT TOPICS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual Whirling Disease Symposium CY FEB 08-09, 2001 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS; COLORADO RIVER; RAINBOW-TROUT; WILD; SALMONIDS; MONTANA AB We assessed endemic age-0 cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki for evidence of pathology associated-with Myxobolus cerebralis in two streams formed by springs in western Wyoming. We hypothesized that the location of spawning sites in spring streams would affect the extent of exposure of cutthroat trout fry to M. cerebralis triactinomyxons (tams), occurrence of the parasite in their bodies, and clinical signs of whirling disease. The spring streams were warm relative to nearby streams flowing from the mountains or spawning and emergence of fry was early compared with fish in mountain streams. Tams were abundant early in the summer and clinical signs of whirling disease among age-0 fish were seen as early as mid-June in one stream. There were high densities of tams in one stream, and densities declined with upstream progression from May through July, whereas in the other stream, low densities of tams were observed in the downstream portion early in the summer, and they were not detected in July and August. Age-0 cutthroat trout were abundant; clinical signs of whirling disease were evident, and histological evidence of whirling disease was common in the stream where tams were abundant. Low densities of age-0 cutthroat trout and no clinical signs of whirling disease were observed in the stream where tams were not abundant. Among sentinel fish in the stream with abundant tams, we found extensive occurrence of M. cerebralis, with many fish showing clinical signs and histological evidence of pathology associated with M. cerebralis. The proportion of sentinel fish with clinical and histological signs of whirling disease decreased with upstream progression. In the stream with low tam, densities sentinel fish became infected with M. cerebralis, but there were essentially no clinical signs or histological indications of whirling disease. C1 Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-37-9 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2002 VL 29 BP 181 EP 193 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BU85Z UT WOS:000177216300016 ER PT S AU Staton, L Erdahl, D El-Matbouli, M AF Staton, L Erdahl, D El-Matbouli, M BE Bartholomew, JL Wilson, JC TI Efficacy of fumagillin and TNP-470 to prevent experimentally induced whirling disease in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss SO WHIRLING DISEASE: REVIEWS AND CURRENT TOPICS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual Whirling Disease Symposium CY FEB 08-09, 2001 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB Two potential therapeutants, fumagillin, an antibiotic derived from the fungus Aspergillus fumagatus, and TNP-470, a superactive analog of fumagillin, were tested for efficacy to prevent Myxobolus cerebralis infection in rainbow trout. The study was conducted at the Wild Trout Research Laboratory in Bozeman, Montana utilizing rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fry (similar to2.0 g). Treatment groups included negative controls (no treatment, no exposure), positive controls (no treatment, exposure), fumagillin top-dressed on feed, fumagillin incorporated in feed, and TNP-470 incorporated in feed. The exposure dose was 1000 triactinomyxons (TAMs) per fish for 2 h. Medicated feed treatment was initiated 24 h after exposure to TAMs. All treated groups received medicated feed for 10 d, with the exception of a single TNP-470 treatment group that was fed for 26 d. Five replicate tanks of fish were used for each treatment group. Presence and level of Myxobolus cerebralis infection were determined by histology, spore counts, and electron microscopy evaluation conducted 150 d postexposure. Hematology samples were also collected to evaluate potential toxic effects of treatment. Spore count and histological evaluation indicated that fumagillin and TNP-470 treatment was not efficacious in preventing or reducing Myxobolus cerebralis infection. Although fumagillin and TNP-470 administered for 10 d or 26 d did result in a reduction in spore numbers, results were not significantly different than observed in positive controls. Furthermore, histological scores were similar for all treatment groups and the positive controls. Although electron microscopy revealed spore deformation in both fumagillin and TNP-470 treated groups, no treatment group was effective in preventing Myxobolus cerebralis infection. Fumagillin treatment and TNP-470 fed for 10 d did not appear to negatively impact fish performance. However, toxicity was observed in fish fed TNP-470 for 26 d. These fish were observed to be lethargic 30 d pe, and blood samples revealed low hematocrits, severely decreased lymphocytes, and reduced numbers of blast cells. Histological evaluation revealed abnormal cytology in both the kidney, and thymus. Based on study results, fumagillin and TNP-470 did not appear to be effective therapeutants for use in the prevention or control of Myxobolus cerebralis infection in rainbow trout. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Hlth Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. RP Staton, L (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Hlth Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-37-9 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2002 VL 29 BP 239 EP 247 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BU85Z UT WOS:000177216300021 ER PT J AU Hunter, SA Bay, MS Martin, ML Hatfield, JS AF Hunter, SA Bay, MS Martin, ML Hatfield, JS TI Behavioral effects of environmental enrichment on harbor seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) and gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behavior; enrichment; phocids; seals ID TIME; ENERGY; PLAY AB Zoos and aquariums have been incorporating environmental enrichment into their animal care programs for the past 30 years to increase mental stimulation and promote natural behaviors. However, most attempts to document the effects of enrichment on animal behavior have focused on terrestrial mammals. Staff at the National Aquarium in Baltimore conducted an investigation of the behavioral effects of enrichment on the seven harbor seals and two gray seals housed in the aquarium's outdoor seal exhibit. We expected that enrichment would change the amount of time the animals spent engaged in specific behaviors. The behaviors recorded were: resting in water, resting hauled out, maintenance, breeding display, breeding behavior, aggression, pattern swimming, random swimming, exploration, and out of sight. Activity levels (random swimming and exploration) were expected to increase, while stereotypic behaviors (pattern swimming) were expected to decrease. The frequency and duration of behaviors were documented for 90 hr in both the control phase (without enrichment) and the experimental phase (with enrichment). Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in the time spent in pattern swimming, random swimming, exploration, and out of sight were observed between the two phases. With enrichment, pattern swimming and out of sight decreased, while random swimming and exploration behavior increased. These findings demonstrate that enrichment can promote behaviors (random swimming and exploration) that are likely to be normal for phocids in the wild, and that may contribute to the behavioral complexity of these seals in captivity. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Natl Aquarium, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Hunter, SA (reprint author), Natl Aquarium, Pier 3,501 E Pratt St, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 16 U2 63 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4 BP 375 EP 387 DI 10.1002/zoo.10042 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 579QG UT WOS:000177188900006 ER PT J AU Brown, KM Saffer, DM Bekins, BA AF Brown, KM Saffer, DM Bekins, BA TI Smectite diagenesis, pore-water freshening, and fluid flow at the toe of the Nankai wedge SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE smectite; illite; fluid dynamics; active margins; dehydration; ODP site 808 ID ACCRETIONARY COMPLEX; ILLITE TRANSFORMATION; DEHYDRATION; SEDIMENTS; KINETICS; PRISMS; COMPACTION; ISOTOPES; MODELS; BASIN AB The presence of low-chloride fluids in the lowermost sediments drilled at Ocean Drilling Program Site 808, at the Nankai accretionary wedge, has been considered as prime evidence for long-distance, lateral fluid flow from depth, Here, we re-evaluate the potential role of in situ reaction of smectite (S) to illite (I) in the genesis of this low chloride anomaly. This reaction is known to be occurring at Site 808, with both the S content and S to I ratio in the mixed layer clays decreasing substantially with depth. We show that the bulk of the chloride anomaly can generate by in situ clay dehydration, particularly if pre-reaction smectite abundances (A(i)) approach similar to 10-15% of the bulk sediment. The A(i) values, however, are not well constrained. At A(i) values < 10-15%, an additional source of low-Cl fluid centered close to the decollement could be required. Thus, there remains the important possibility that the observed low-Cl anomaly is a compound effect of both lateral flow and in situ smectite dehydration. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brown, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 43 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD DEC 30 PY 2001 VL 194 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00546-5 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 515KA UT WOS:000173493300008 ER PT J AU Rapalee, G Steyaert, LT Hall, FG AF Rapalee, G Steyaert, LT Hall, FG TI Moss and lichen cover mapping at local and regional scales in the boreal forest ecosystem of central Canada - art. no. 2001JD000509 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE TRANSFER SCHEME; ENERGY-BALANCE PROCESSES; PEATLAND COMPLEX; WESTERN CANADA; CARBON BALANCE; SPRUCE FOREST; CO2 EXCHANGE; NORTHERN; WATER; SENSITIVITY AB Mosses and lichens are important components of boreal landscapes [Vitt et al., 1994; Bubier et al., 1997]. They affect plant productivity and belowground carbon sequestration and alter the surface runoff and energy balance. We report the use of multiresolution satellite data to map moss and lichens over the BOREAS region at a 10 in, 30 in, and I km scales. Our moss and lichen classification at the 10 in scale is based on ground observations of associations among soil drainage classes, overstory composition, and cover type among four broad classes of ground cover (feather, sphagnum, and brown mosses and lichens). For our 30 in map, we used field observations of ground cover-overstory associations to map mosses and lichens in the BOREAS southern study area (SSA). To scale up to a I km (AVHRR) moss map of the BOREAS region, we used the TM SSA mosaics plus regional field data to identify AVHRR overstory-ground cover associations. We found that: 1) ground cover, overstory composition and density are highly correlated, permitting inference of moss and lichen cover from satellite-based land cover classifications; 2) our I m moss map reveals that mosses dominate the boreal landscape of central Canada, thereby a significant factor for water, energy, and carbon modeling; 3) TM and AVHRR moss cover maps are comparable; 4) satellite data resolution is important, particularly in detecting the smaller wetland features, lakes, and upland jack pine sites; and 5) distinct regional patterns of moss and lichen cover correspond to latitudinal and elevational gradients. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP 3056 Camels Hump Rd, N Duxbury, VT USA. EM steyaert@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov; fghall@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D24 BP 33551 EP 33563 DI 10.1029/2001JD000509 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 522DE UT WOS:000173879800014 ER PT J AU Amthor, JS Chen, JM Clein, JS Frolking, SE Goulden, ML Grant, RF Kimball, JS King, AW McGuire, AD Nikolov, NT Potter, CS Wang, S Wofsy, SC AF Amthor, JS Chen, JM Clein, JS Frolking, SE Goulden, ML Grant, RF Kimball, JS King, AW McGuire, AD Nikolov, NT Potter, CS Wang, S Wofsy, SC TI Boreal forest CO2 exchange and evapotranspiration predicted by nine ecosystem process models: Intermodel comparisons and relationships to field measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; JACK PINE FOREST; GENERAL-MODEL; REGIONAL APPLICATIONS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS MODEL; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SOIL AB Nine ecosystem process models were used to predict CO2 and water vapor exchanges by a 150-year-old black spruce forest in central Canada during 1994-1996 to evaluate and improve the models. Three models had hourly time steps, five had daily time steps, and one had monthly time steps. Model input included site ecosystem characteristics and meteorology. Model predictions were compared to eddy covariance (EC) measurements of whole-ecosystem CO2 exchange and evapotranspiration, to chamber measurements of nighttime moss-surface CO2 release, and to ground-based estimates of annual gross primary production, net primary production, net ecosystem production (NEP), plant respiration, and decomposition. Model-model differences were apparent for all variables. Model-measurement agreement was good in some cases but poor in others. Modeled annual NEP ranged from -11 g C m(-2) (weak CO2 source) to 85 g C m(-2) (moderate CO2 sink). The models generally predicted greater annual CO2 sink activity than measured by EC, a discrepancy consistent with the fact that model parameterizations represented the more productive fraction of the EC tower "footprint." At hourly to monthly timescales, predictions bracketed EC measurements so median predictions were similar to measurements, but there were quantitatively important model-measurement discrepancies found for all models at subannual timescales. For these models and input data, hourly time steps (and greater complexity) compared to daily time steps tended to improve model-measurement agreement for daily scale CO2 exchange and evapotranspiration (as judged by root-mean-squared error). Model time step and complexity played only small roles in monthly to annual predictions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A OY7, Canada. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ecosyst Sci & Technol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM amthor@aya.yale.edu RI Goulden, Michael/B-9934-2008; Amthor, Jeffrey/F-2696-2016; OI Amthor, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1410-6100; Wang, Shusen/0000-0003-1860-899X NR 74 TC 98 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D24 BP 33623 EP 33648 DI 10.1029/2000JD900850 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 522DE UT WOS:000173879800019 ER PT J AU Zhuang, Q Romanovsky, VE McGuire, AD AF Zhuang, Q Romanovsky, VE McGuire, AD TI Incorporation of a permafrost model into a large-scale ecosystem model: Evaluation of temporal and spatial scaling issues in simulating soil thermal dynamics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CARBON STORAGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOREAL FOREST; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE; AMAZONIAN ECOSYSTEMS; TUNDRA ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; AIR-TEMPERATURE; HIGH-LATITUDES; ARCTIC TUNDRA AB This study evaluated whether a model of permafrost dynamics with a 0.5-day resolution internal time step that is driven by monthly climate inputs is adequate for representing the soil thermal dynamics in a large-scale ecosystem model. An extant version of the Goodrich model was modified to develop a soil thermal model (STM) with the capability to operate with either 0.5-hour or 0.5-day internal time steps and to be driven with either daily or monthly input data. The choice of internal time step had little effect on the simulation of soil thermal dynamics of a black spruce site in Alaska. The use of monthly climate inputs to drive the model resulted in an error of less than 1degreesC in the upper organic soil layer and in an accurate simulation of seasonal active layer dynamics. Uncertainty analyses of the STM driven with monthly climate inputs identified that soil temperature estimates of the upper organic layer were most sensitive to variability in parameters that described snow thermal conductivity, moss thickness, and moss thermal conductivity. The STM was coupled to the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), and the performance of the coupled model was verified for the simulation of soil temperatures in applications to a black spruce site in Canada and to white spruce, aspen, and tundra sites in Alaska. A 1degreesC error in the temperature of the upper organic soil layer had little influence on the carbon dynamics simulated for the black spruce site in Canada. Application of the model across the range of black spruce ecosystems in North America demonstrated that the STM-TEM has the capability to operate over temporal and spatial domains that consider substantial variation in surface climate given that spatial variability in key structural characteristics and physical properties of the soil thermal regime are described. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, 211 Irving I Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ftqzl@uaf.edu RI Zhuang, Qianlai/A-5670-2009 NR 69 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D24 BP 33649 EP 33670 DI 10.1029/2001JD900151 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 522DE UT WOS:000173879800020 ER PT J AU Potter, CS Wang, SS Nikolov, NT McGuire, AD Liu, J King, AW Kimball, JS Grant, RF Frolking, SE Clein, JS Chen, JM Amthor, JS AF Potter, CS Wang, SS Nikolov, NT McGuire, AD Liu, J King, AW Kimball, JS Grant, RF Frolking, SE Clein, JS Chen, JM Amthor, JS TI Comparison of boreal ecosystem model sensitivity to variability in climate and forest site parameters SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LEAF-AREA INDEX; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; CONIFER STANDS; ELEVATED CO2; JACK PINE; PRODUCTIVITY; EXCHANGE AB Ecosystem models are useful tools for evaluating environmental controls on carbon and water cycles under past or future conditions. In this paper we compare annual carbon and water fluxes from nine boreal spruce forest ecosystem models in a series of sensitivity simulations. For each comparison, a single climate driver or forest site parameter was altered in a separate sensitivity run. Driver and parameter changes were prescribed principally to be large enough to identify and isolate any major differences in model responses, while also remaining within the range of variability that the boreal forest biome may be exposed to over a time period of several decades. The models simulated plant production, autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration, and evapotranspiration (ET) for a black spruce site in the boreal forest of central Canada (56degreesN). Results revealed that there were common model responses in gross primary production, plant respiration, and ET fluxes to prescribed changes in air temperature or surface irradiance and to decreased precipitation amounts. The models were also similar in their responses to variations in canopy leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, and surface organic layer thickness. The models had different sensitivities to certain parameters, namely the net primary production response to increased CO2 levels, and the response of soil microbial respiration to precipitation inputs and soil wetness. These differences can be explained by the type (or absence) of photosynthesis-CO2 response curves in the models and by response algorithms of litter and humus decomposition to drying effects in organic soils of the boreal spruce ecosystem. Differences in the couplings of photosynthesis and soil respiration to nitrogen availability may also explain divergent model responses. Sensitivity comparisons imply that past conditions of the ecosystem represented in the models' initial standing wood and soil carbon pools, including historical climate patterns and the time since the last major disturbance, can be as important as potential climatic changes to prediction of the annual ecosystem carbon balance in this boreal spruce forest. C1 Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK USA. Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A OY7, Canada. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Polson, MT 59860 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 242-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM cpotter@gaia.arc.nasa.gov RI Amthor, Jeffrey/F-2696-2016; OI Amthor, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1410-6100; Grant, Robert/0000-0002-8890-6231; Wang, Shusen/0000-0003-1860-899X NR 60 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D24 BP 33671 EP 33687 DI 10.1029/2000JD000224 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 522DE UT WOS:000173879800021 ER PT J AU Shepard, MK Campbell, BA Bulmer, MH Farr, TG Gaddis, LR Plaut, JJ AF Shepard, MK Campbell, BA Bulmer, MH Farr, TG Gaddis, LR Plaut, JJ TI The roughness of natural terrain: A planetary and remote sensing perspective SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID RADAR DATA; SURFACE; SCATTERING; TOPOGRAPHY; MAGELLAN; VENUS; SPECTRA; DESERT; FIELD AB We examine the various methods and parameters in common use for quantifying and reporting surface topographic "roughness." It is shown that scale-dependent roughness parameters are almost always required, though not widely used. We suggest a method of standardizing the parameters that are computed and reported so that topographic data gathered by different workers using different field techniques can be directly and easily intercompared. We illustrate the proposed method by analyzing topographic data from 60 different surfaces gathered by five different groups and examine the information for common features. We briefly discuss the implications of our analysis for studies of planetary surface roughness, lander safety, and radar remote sensing modeling and analysis. C1 Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Dept Geog & Geosci, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Shepard, MK (reprint author), Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Dept Geog & Geosci, 400 E 2nd St, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. OI Farr, Thomas/0000-0001-5406-2096 NR 31 TC 123 Z9 131 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 25 PY 2001 VL 106 IS E12 BP 32777 EP 32795 DI 10.1029/2000JE001429 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 515GX UT WOS:000173488000001 ER PT J AU Dohm, JM Ferris, JC Baker, VR Anderson, RC Hare, TM Strom, RG Barlow, NG Tanaka, KL Klemaszewski, JE Scott, DH AF Dohm, JM Ferris, JC Baker, VR Anderson, RC Hare, TM Strom, RG Barlow, NG Tanaka, KL Klemaszewski, JE Scott, DH TI Ancient drainage basin of the Tharsis region, Mars: Potential source for outflow channel systems and putative oceans or paleolakes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID VALLES MARINERIS; THAUMASIA REGION; TECTONIC HISTORY; NORTHERN PLAINS; GROUND ICE; EVOLUTION; PROVINCE; GEOLOGY; CONSTRAINTS; PLATEAU AB Paleotopographic reconstructions based on a synthesis of published geologic information and high-resolution topography, including topographic profiles, reveal the potential existence of an enormous drainage basin/aquifer system in the eastern part of the Tharsis region during the Noachian Period. Large topographic highs formed the margin of the gigantic drainage basin. Subsequently, lavas, sediments, and volatiles partly infilled the basin, resulting in an enormous and productive regional aquifer. The stacked sequences of water-bearing strata were then deformed locally and, in places, exposed by magmatic-driven uplifts, tectonic deformation, and erosion. This basin model provides a potential source of water necessary to carve the large outflow channel systems of the Tharsis and surrounding regions and to contribute to the formation of putative northern-plains ocean(s) and/or paleolakes. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Robinson Observ, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Dohm, JM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jmd@hwr.arizona.edu RI Dohm, James/A-3831-2014; OI Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X NR 69 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 25 PY 2001 VL 106 IS E12 BP 32943 EP 32958 DI 10.1029/2000JE001468 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 515GX UT WOS:000173488000014 ER EF