FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Roach, JC Glusman, G Rowen, L Kaur, A Purcell, MK Smith, KD Hood, LE Aderem, A AF Roach, JC Glusman, G Rowen, L Kaur, A Purcell, MK Smith, KD Hood, LE Aderem, A TI The evolution of vertebrate Toll-like receptors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE coincidental evolution; multigene family; concerted evolution ID INNATE IMMUNITY; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; FUGU-RUBRIPES; GENE FAMILY; DANIO-RERIO; ZEBRAFISH; SYSTEM; GENOME; RECOGNITION; EXPRESSION AB The complete sequences of Takifugu Toll-like receptor (TLR) loci and gene predictions from many draft genomes enable comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis. Strong selective pressure for recognition of and response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns has maintained a largely unchanging TLR recognition in all vertebrates. There are six major families of vertebrate TLRs. This repertoire is distinct from that of invertebrates. TLRs within a family recognize a general class of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Most vertebrates have exactly one gene ortholog for each TLR family. The family including TLR1 has more species-specific adaptations than other families. A major family including TLR11 is represented in humans only by a pseudogene. Coincidental evolution plays a minor role in TLR evolution. The sequencing phase of this study produced finished genomic sequences for the 12 Takifugu rubripes TLRs. In addition, we have produced > 70 gene models, including sequences from the opossum, chicken, frog, dog, sea urchin, and sea squirt. C1 Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pathol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Roach, JC (reprint author), Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM jroach@systemsbiology.org OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433; Glusman, Gustavo/0000-0001-8060-5955 FU NIAID NIH HHS [5K08AI056092, K08 AI056092] NR 38 TC 604 Z9 636 U1 22 U2 89 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 5 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 27 BP 9577 EP 9582 DI 10.1073/pnas.0502272102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 944DN UT WOS:000230406000026 PM 15976025 ER PT J AU Williams, RA Simpson, RW Jachens, RC Stephenson, WJ Odum, JK Ponce, DA AF Williams, RA Simpson, RW Jachens, RC Stephenson, WJ Odum, JK Ponce, DA TI Seismic reflection evidence for a northeast-dipping Hayward fault near Fremont, California: Implications for seismic hazard SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FRANCISCO BAY-REGION; EARTHQUAKE AB A 1.6-km-long seismic reflection profile across the creeping trace of the southern Hayward fault near Fremont, California, images the fault to a depth of 650 m. Reflector truncations define a fault dip of about 70 degrees east in the 100 to 650 m depth range that projects upward to the creeping surface trace, and is inconsistent with a nearly vertical fault in this vicinity as previously believed. This fault projects to the Mission seismicity trend located at 4 - 10 km depth about 2 km east of the surface trace and suggests that the southern end of the fault is as seismically active as the part north of San Leandro. The seismic hazard implication is that the Hayward fault may have a more direct connection at depth with the Calaveras fault, affecting estimates of potential event magnitudes that could occur on the combined fault surfaces, thus affecting hazard assessments for the south San Francisco Bay region. C1 US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Williams, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS966,Box 25046, Golden, CO 80225 USA. EM rawilliams@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 13 AR L13301 DI 10.1029/2005GL023113 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 945CU UT WOS:000230480200006 ER PT J AU Espinar, JL Garcia, LV Clemente, L AF Espinar, JL Garcia, LV Clemente, L TI Seed storage conditions change the germination pattern of clonal growth plants in Mediterranean salt marshes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Donana; dormancy control; environmental stress; helophyte; Juncus; Mediterranean; Seirpus species ronation ID SALINITY; ESTABLISHMENT; COMMUNITIES; ZONATION; RECRUITMENT; COMPETITION; ANNUALS AB The effect of salinity level and extended exposure to different Salinity and flooding conditions on germination patterns of three salt-marsh clonal growth plants (Juncus subulatus, Scirpus litoralis, and S, maritimus) was studied. Seed exposure to extended flooding and saline conditions significantly affected the outcome of the germination process in a different, though predictable, way for cacti species, after favorable conditions for germination were restored. Tolerance of the germination process was related to the average salinity level measured during the growth/germination season at sites, where established individuals of each Species dominated the species cover. No relationship was found between salinity tolerance of the germination process and seed response to extended exposure to flooding and salinity conditions. The salinity response was significantly related to the conditions prevailing in the habitats of the respective species during the unfavorable (nongrowth/nongermination) season. Our results indicate that changes in salinity and hydrology while seeds are dormant affect the outcome of the seed-bank response. even when conditions it germination are identical. Because these environmental-history-dependent responses differentially affect seed germination, seedling density. and probably sexual recruitment in the studied and related species, these influences should be considered for wetland restoration and management. C1 CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol, Dept Geoecol, E-41080 Seville, Spain. RP Espinar, JL (reprint author), USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM jlespinar@irnase.csic.es OI Garcia, Luis V./0000-0002-5514-2941 NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 92 IS 7 BP 1094 EP 1101 DI 10.3732/ajb.92.7.1094 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 942CP UT WOS:000230260800006 PM 21646131 ER PT J AU Pearl, CA Hayes, MP Haycock, R Engler, JD Bowerman, J AF Pearl, CA Hayes, MP Haycock, R Engler, JD Bowerman, J TI Observations of interspecific amplexus between western North American ranid frogs and the introduced American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and an hypothesis concerning breeding interference SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID RED-LEGGED FROGS; SOUTHWESTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; AURORA-AURORA; SPOTTED FROG; PRETIOSA-PRETIOSA; BEHAVIOR; ANURA; PERSISTENCE; MECHANISMS; STRATEGIES AB Introduced American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) come in contact with native amphibians on four continents and are well established in lowlands of western North America. To date, research on the effects of introduced bullfrogs on native frogs has focused on competition and predation, and is based largely on larval interactions. We present observations of interspecific amplexus between bullfrogs and two native ranid frogs (R. aurora and R pretiosa) from six sites across the Pacific Northwest that imply that this interaction is more widespread than currently recognized. Our observations indicate that R. catesbeiana juveniles and subadults in this region are of appropriate size to elicit marked amplectic responses from males of both native species. Our literature review suggests that greater opportunity may exist for pairings between R. catesbeiana and native R. aurora or R. pretiosa than among syntopic native ranids in western North America. We hypothesize that interspecific amplexus with introduced R. catesbeiana could result in reproductive interference with negative demographic consequences in native ranid populations that have been reduced or altered by other stressors. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. Hyla Environm Serv Ltd, Port Moody, BC V3H 5A5, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ridgefield Natl Wildlife Reguge Complex, Ridgefield, WA 98642 USA. Sunriver Nat Ctr, Sunriver, OR 97707 USA. RP Pearl, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM christopher_pearl@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 154 IS 1 BP 126 EP 134 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2005)154[0126:OOIABW]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944EB UT WOS:000230407600011 ER PT J AU Clark, JE Hellgren, EC Jorgensen, EE Leslie, DM AF Clark, JE Hellgren, EC Jorgensen, EE Leslie, DM TI Population dynamics of harvest mice (Reithrodontomys fulvescens and R. montanus) across a nitrogen-amended old field SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID VOLE MICROTUS-PENNSYLVANICUS; SIGMODON-HISPIDUS; SPECIES REMOVAL; COMMUNITIES; RODENTS; CONSEQUENCES; GRASSLANDS; SUCCESSION; GRADIENTS; ECOSYSTEM AB We conducted a mark-recapture experiment to examine population dynamics of the fulvous harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys fulvescens) and plains harvest mouse (R. montanus) in response to low-level nitrogen amendments (16.4 kg N/ha/y) in an old-field grassland. The experimental design consisted of 16, 0.16-ha plots with four replicates of each treatment combination (fenced, nitrogen amendment; unfenced, nitrogen amendment; fenced, control; unfenced, control). We predicted that densities, survival, and transition probabilities would be greater for both species on nitrogen-amended plots because of greater aboveground biomass (i.e., enhanced concealment from predators). We observed no distinct patterns in survival or transition probabilities of R fulvescens or R. montanus with regard to treatments. Although population densities of R. fulvescens did not exhibit any distinct patterns with regard to treatments, densities of R. montanus tended to be highest on nitrogen plots, but lowest on nitrogen-fenced plots during winter 1999-2000. As low-level nitrogen amendments continue to be applied, we predict survival and densities of R. montanus and R. fulvescens on control plots, especially fenced plots with no nitrogen amendment, will eventually exceed those on nitrogen-amended plots as a result of higher plant species diversity, food availability and better quality cover. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Clark, JE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, 274 Ellington Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jclark43@utk.edu OI Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 154 IS 1 BP 240 EP 252 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2005)154[0240:PDOHMR]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944EB UT WOS:000230407600022 ER PT J AU Chavez, AS Gese, EM AF Chavez, AS Gese, EM TI Food habits of wolves in relation to livestock depredations in northwestern Minnesota SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CANIS-LUPUS-SIGNATUS; WOLF POPULATION; CENTRAL ONTARIO; NATIONAL-PARK; DIET; COYOTE; NORTH; DEER AB Wolves (Canis lupus) have recolonized many areas of the Midwestern United States, prompting concern over the possible risk wolves may pose to livestock producers. To better understand the risks wolves may pose to livestock, we initiated a 3-y study examining the food habits of wolves in an agricultural area of northwestern Minnesota and their relation to depredation records of livestock losses in the same area. We collected 533 wolf feces during the non-winter seasons from 1997-1999. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was the most abundant food item (39.2%) of all prey items for all 3 y combined. The deer component comprised both adult deer (26.9%) and fawns (12.3%). Muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) were the second highest food item at 16.6%. Moose (Alces alces), both adults (13.0%) and calves (0.6%), comprised 13.6% of the diet of wolves, followed by cattle (10.3%), domestic pig (4.4%), lagomorphs (3.6%) and beaver (Castor canadensis, 2.1%). During our 3-y study, eight head of livestock were officially reported as wolf depredations in the agricultural lands within the study area. The confirmed losses included one sheep, one injured cow, one blind cow and five calves. Even with very low deer and moose densities in the study area and a high preponderance of cattle in the area (> 1000 head), the wolves in the area preyed mostly on native prey species. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, USDA, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Chavez, AS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 6010 Hidden Valley Rd, Carlsbad, CA 92009 USA. RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 38 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 154 IS 1 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2005)154[0253:FHOWIR]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944EB UT WOS:000230407600023 ER PT J AU Brumbaugh, WG Schmitt, CJ May, TW AF Brumbaugh, WG Schmitt, CJ May, TW TI Concentrations of cadmium, lead, and zinc in fish from mining-influenced waters of northeastern Oklahoma: Sampling of blood, carcass, and liver for aquatic biomonitoring SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID DEHYDRATASE ACTIVITY; COEUR-DALENE RIVER; MISSOURI STREAMS; HARMFUL EXPOSURE; INORGANIC LEAD; WESTERN ALASKA; RAINBOW-TROUT; MINE TAILINGS; COMMON CARP; SELENIUM AB The Tri-States Mining District (TSMD) of Missouri ( MO), Kansas (KS), and Oklahoma ( OK), USA, was mined for lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) for more than a century. Mining ceased more than 30 years ago, but wastes remain widely distributed in the region, and there is evidence of surface- and groundwater contamination in the Spring River-Neosho River (SR-NR) system of northeastern OK. In October 2001, we collected a total of 74 fish from six locations in the SR-NR system that included common carp ( Cyprinus carpio), channel-and flathead catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus and Pylodictis olivaris), largemouth- and spotted bass ( Micropterus salmoides and Micropterus punctulatus), and white crappie (Pomoxis annularis). We obtained additional fish from locations in MO that included three reference sites and one site that served as a "positive control'' ( heavily contaminated by Pb). Blood, carcass ( headed, eviscerated, and scaled) and liver ( carp only) samples were analyzed for cadmium (Cd), Pb, and Zn. Our objectives were to assess the degree to which fish from the OK portion of the SR-NR system are contaminated by these elements and to evaluate fish blood sampling for biomonitoring. Concentrations of Cd and Pb in carp and catfish from OK sites were elevated and Pb concentrations of some approached those of the highly contaminated site in MO, but concentrations in bass and crappie were relatively low. For Zn, correlations were weak among concentrations in the three tissues and none of the samples appeared to reflect site contamination. Variability was high for Cd in all three tissues of carp; differences between sites were statistically significant ( p < 0.05) only for blood even though mean liver concentrations were at least 100-fold greater than those in blood. Blood concentrations of Cd and Pb were positively correlated (r(2) = 0.49 to 0.84) with the concentration of the same element in carp and catfish carcasses or in carp livers, and the corresponding multiple regression models were highly significant ( p <= 0.001). Our data indicate that potentially nonlethal blood sampling can be useful for monitoring of selected metals in carp, catfish, and perhaps other fishes. C1 US Geol Survey, CERC, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Brumbaugh, WG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, CERC, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 49 IS 1 BP 76 EP 88 DI 10.1007/s00244-004-0172-3 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 946IG UT WOS:000230565000010 PM 15981034 ER PT J AU Rocque, DA Winker, K AF Rocque, DA Winker, K TI Use of bird collections in contaminant and stable-isotope studies. SO AUK LA English DT Editorial Material ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; MERCURY CONTENT; SEABIRD FEATHERS; CARBON; NITROGEN; NORTH; ECOLOGY; MOLT; CALL; PREY C1 Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Rocque, DA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM Deborah_Rocque@fws.gov RI Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014 OI Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2005 VL 122 IS 3 BP 990 EP 994 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0990:UOBCIC]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 952EG UT WOS:000230984600025 ER PT J AU Farnsworth, GL Simons, TR AF Farnsworth, GL Simons, TR TI Relationship between Mayfield nest-survival estimates and seasonal fecundity: A cautionary reply. SO AUK LA English DT Letter C1 Xavier Univ, Dept Biol, Cincinnati, OH 45207 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USGS, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Farnsworth, GL (reprint author), Xavier Univ, Dept Biol, Cincinnati, OH 45207 USA. EM farnsworth@xavier.edu NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2005 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1000 EP 1001 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[1000:RBMNEA]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 952EG UT WOS:000230984600027 ER PT J AU Banks, RC Cicero, C Dunn, JL Kratter, AW Rasmussen, PC Remsen, JV Rising, JD Stotz, DF AF Banks, RC Cicero, C Dunn, JL Kratter, AW Rasmussen, PC Remsen, JV Rising, JD Stotz, DF TI Forty-sixth supplement to the American ornithologists' union check-list of North American Birds SO AUK LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; DARWINS FINCHES C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Michigan State Univ Museum, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Zool, Ramsay Wright Zool Labs, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. Field Museum Nat Hist, Environm Program, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Field Museum Nat Hist, Conservat Program, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. RP Banks, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC-111,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM banksr@si.edu NR 40 TC 15 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2005 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1026 EP 1031 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[1026:FSTTAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 952EG UT WOS:000230984600036 ER PT J AU Karczmarski, L Wursig, B Gailey, G Larson, KW Vanderlip, C AF Karczmarski, L Wursig, B Gailey, G Larson, KW Vanderlip, C TI Spinner dolphins in a remote Hawaiian atoll: social grouping and population structure SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE geographic insularity/connectivity; group dynamics; Hawaii; Midway Atoll; social evolution; social structure; Spinner dolphin Stenella longirostris ID STENELLA-LONGIROSTRIS; SOUSA-CHINENSIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; GROUP-SIZE; ALGOA BAY; PHOTOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION; SOCIOECOLOGICAL FACTORS; ASSOCIATION PATTERNS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; PAN-PANISCUS AB Spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) commonly use inshore island and atoll habitats for daytime rest and social interactions and forage over deep waters at night. In Hawaii, they occur throughout the archipelago. We applied photoidentification mark-recapture techniques to study the population structure of spinner dolphins associated with remote Midway Atoll, far-western Hawaii. At Midway, spinner dolphins live in stable bisexual]), bonded societies of long-term associates, with strong geographic fidelity, no obvious fission-fusion, and limited contacts with other populations. Their large cohesive groups change little over time and are behaviorally/socially discrete front other spinner dolphin groups. This social pattern differs considerably from the fluid fission-fusion model proposed previously for spinner dolphins associated with a large island habitat in the main Hawaiian Archipelago. These differences correspond to geographic separation and habitat variation. While in the main islands there are several daytime resting places available at each island habitat; in far-western Hawaii, areas of suitable habitat are limited and separated by large stretches of open pelagic waters with potentially high risk of shark predation. We hypothesize that with deepwater food resources in close proximity and other atolls relatively far away for easy (day-to-day) access, it is energetically more beneficial in the remote Hawaiian atolls to remain "at home" than to travel to other atolls, so there is stability instead of variability: there is no fission-fusion effect. Thus, the geographic isolation and small size of remote atolls trigger a process in which the fluidity of the fission-fusion spinner dolphin society is replaced with long-term group fidelity and social stability. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Marine Mammal Res Program, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. Ocean Soc, Ft Mason Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94123 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Midway Atoll Natl Wildlife Refuge, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Karczmarski, L (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Marine Life Sci, 4700 Ave U,Bldg 303, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM karczmal@tamug.edu RI Larson, Keith/G-5585-2010 OI Larson, Keith/0000-0001-7089-524X NR 80 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 16 IS 4 BP 675 EP 685 DI 10.1093/beheco/ari028 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 936LG UT WOS:000229856900001 ER PT J AU Russell, KN Ikerd, H Droege, S AF Russell, KN Ikerd, H Droege, S TI The potential conservation value of unmowed powerline strips for native bees SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE native bees; powerline corridors; rights-of-way; vegetation management; species richness; nesting habitat ID RIGHT-OF-WAY; SPECIES RICHNESS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; POLLINATOR GUILDS; EAST TENNESSEE; SMALL MAMMALS; FOREST; CONSEQUENCES; COMMUNITIES; HYMENOPTERA AB The land area covered by powerline easements in the United States exceeds the area of almost all national parks, including Yellowstone. In parts of Europe and the US, electric companies have altered their land management practices from periodic mowing to extraction of tall vegetation combined with the use of selective herbicides. To investigate whether this alternate management practice might produce higher quality habitat for native bees, we compared the bee fauna collected in unmowed powerline corridors and in nearby mowed grassy fields at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (MD). Powerline sites had more spatially and numerically rare species and a richer bee community than the grassy fields, although the difference was less pronounced than we expected. Powerline sites also had more parasitic species and more cavity-nesting bees. Bee communities changed progressively through the season, but differences between the site types were persistent. The surrounding, non-grassland landscape likely has a strong influence on the bee species collected at the grassland sites, as some bees may be foraging in the grasslands but nesting elsewhere. Improving habitat for native bees will help ameliorate the loss of pollination services caused by the collapse of wild and managed honeybee populations. This study suggests that powerline strips have the potential to provide five million acres of bee-friendly habitat in the US if utilities more generally adopt appropriate management practices. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, New York, NY 10024 USA. Utah State Univ, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Russell, KN (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Cent Pk W,79th St, New York, NY 10024 USA. EM krussell@amnh.org NR 67 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 9 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 124 IS 1 BP 133 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.01.022 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 916ZX UT WOS:000228426700012 ER PT J AU Torchin, ME Hechinger, RF Huspeni, TC Whitney, KL Lafferty, KD AF Torchin, ME Hechinger, RF Huspeni, TC Whitney, KL Lafferty, KD TI The introduced ribbed mussel (Geukensia demissa) in Estero de Punta Banda, Mexico: interactions with the native cord grass, Spartina foliosa SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Baja California; biomass; bivalve; clapper rail; Estero de Punta Banda; Geukensia demissa; introduced species; Mexico ID ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SHORE LEVEL; RECRUITMENT; DILLWYN AB Introduced populations of Guekensia demissa occur on the west coast of North America. They have been reported in San Francisco Bay, four southern California wetlands, and in Estero de Punta Banda (EPB), Baja California Norte, Mexico. We randomly sampled benthic invertebrates in four habitat types within EPB: marsh, channel, mudflat and pan. Geukensia demissa was the most abundant bivalve in the wetland at EPB. It was significantly associated with the native cordgrass, Spartina foliosa, and occurred at higher average densities in vegetated marsh sites (24/m(2)) and Spartina-dominated tidal channels (35/m(2)), compared to mudflat (0/m(2)), and pan (0/m(2)) sites. We estimated that the total biomass of this invader was over four times that of the next most abundant bivalve, Tagelus spp., in EPB. We examined G. demissa for parasites and found that only a few native parasites colonized this introduced host at very low prevalences and intensities. We performed bird surveys to determine the habitat overlap and potential impact of this mussel on the EPB population of light-footed clapper rails (Rallus longirostrus levipes), an endangered species in the United States. The high abundance of G. demissa in EPB, its presence in clapper rail habitat, and its known effects on salt marsh habitat in it's native range, warrant further investigations of the impact of this invader in EPB and elsewhere. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Torchin, ME (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM torchinm@si.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; Hechinger, Ryan/F-6754-2010 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUL PY 2005 VL 7 IS 4 BP 607 EP 614 DI 10.1007/s10530-004-5851-5 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 963KZ UT WOS:000231804500006 ER PT J AU Friedman, JM Auble, GT Shafroth, PB Scott, ML Merigliano, MF Preehling, MD Griffin, EK AF Friedman, JM Auble, GT Shafroth, PB Scott, ML Merigliano, MF Preehling, MD Griffin, EK TI Dominance of non-native riparian trees in western USA SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE dominance; Elaeagnus angustifolia; frequency; non-native species; riparian trees; Tamarix ramosissima ID NORTH-AMERICA; SALTCEDAR; ECOLOGY; BIOLOGY; RANGE AB Concern about spread of non-native riparian trees in the western USA has led to Congressional proposals to accelerate control efforts. Debate over these proposals is frustrated by limited knowledge of non-native species distribution and abundance. We measured abundance of 44 riparian woody plants at 475 randomly selected stream gaging stations in 17 western states. Our sample indicates that Tamarix ramosissima and Elaeagnus angustifolia are already the third and fourth most frequently occurring woody riparian plants in the region. Although many species of Tamarix have been reported in the region, T. ramosissima (here including T. chinensis and hybrids) is by far the most abundant. The frequency of occurrence of T. ramosissima has a strong positive relation with the mean annual minimum temperature, which is consistent with hypothesized frost sensitivity. In contrast the frequency of occurrence of E. angustifolia decreases with increasing minimum temperatures. Based on mean normalized cover, T. ramosissima and E. angustifolia are the second and fifth most dominant woody riparian species in the western USA. The dominance of T. ramosissima has been suspected for decades; the regional ascendance of E. angustifolia, however, has not previously been reported. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Friedman, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jonathan_friedman@usgs.gov OI Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-1329-0663 NR 17 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 5 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUL PY 2005 VL 7 IS 4 BP 747 EP 751 DI 10.1007/s10530-004-5849-z PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 963KZ UT WOS:000231804500018 ER PT J AU Soule, ME Estes, JA AF Soule, ME Estes, JA TI Strongly interacting nonindigenous species - Reply SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Hotchkiss, CO 81419 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Soule, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, POB 2010, Hotchkiss, CO 81419 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUL PY 2005 VL 55 IS 7 BP 548 EP 548 PG 1 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 942CH UT WOS:000230260000003 ER PT J AU Ely, CR Fox, AD Alisauskas, RT Andreev, A Bromley, RG Degtyarev, AG Ebbinge, B Gurtovaya, EN Kerbes, R Kondratyev, AV Kostin, I Krechmar, AV Litvin, KE Miyabayashi, Y Moou, JH Oates, RM Orthmeyer, DL Sabano, Y Simpson, SG Solovieva, DV Spindler, MA Syroechkovsky, YV Takekawa, JY Walsh, A AF Ely, CR Fox, AD Alisauskas, RT Andreev, A Bromley, RG Degtyarev, AG Ebbinge, B Gurtovaya, EN Kerbes, R Kondratyev, AV Kostin, I Krechmar, AV Litvin, KE Miyabayashi, Y Moou, JH Oates, RM Orthmeyer, DL Sabano, Y Simpson, SG Solovieva, DV Spindler, MA Syroechkovsky, YV Takekawa, JY Walsh, A TI Circumpolar variation in morphological characteristics of Greater White-Fronted Geese Anser albifrons SO BIRD STUDY LA English DT Review ID QUEEN-CHARLOTTE-ISLANDS; BODY-SIZE VARIATION; LESSER SNOW GEESE; CANADA GEESE; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; BARNACLE GOOSE; SITE FIDELITY; CLUTCH SIZE; BLACK BRANT AB Capsule Greater White-fronted Geese show significant variation in body size from sampling locations throughout their circumpolar breeding range. Aims To determine the degree of geographical variation in body size of Greater White-fronted Geese and identify factors contributing to any apparent patterns in variation. Methods Structural measures of > 3000 geese from 16 breeding areas throughout the Holarctic breeding range of the species were compared statistically. Results Palearctic forms varied clinally, and increased in size from the smallest forms on the Kanin and Taimyr peninsulas in western Eurasia to the largest forms breeding in the Anadyr Lowlands of eastern Chukotka. Clinal variation was less apparent in the Nearctic, as both the smallest form in the Nearctic and the largest form overall (the Tule Goose) were from different breeding areas in Alaska. The Tule Goose was 25% larger than the smallest form. Birds from Greenland (A. a. flavirostris) were the second largest, although only slightly larger than geese from several North American populations. Body size was not correlated with breeding latitude but was positively correlated with temperature on the breeding grounds, breeding habitat, and migration distance. Body mass of Greater White-fronted Geese from all populations remained relatively constant during the period of wing moult. Morphological distinctness of eastern and western Palearctic forms concurs with earlier findings of complete range disjunction. Conclusions Patterns of morphological variation in Greater White-fronted Geese across the Holarctic can be generally attributed to adaptation to variable breeding environments, migration requirements, and phylo-geographical histories. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Biodivers, DK-8410 Ronde, Denmark. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol Problems N, Magadan, Russia. Dept Biol Resources, Yakutsk 677891, Russia. Int Nat Management Ctr Ecosyst Studies, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Bird Ringing Ctr, Moscow 119313, Russia. St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Biol, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. Cent Res Lab Game Management & Nat Resources, Moscow 12437, Russia. Japanese Accos Wild Geese Protect, Wakayanagi 9895502, Japan. Biol Stn Kreis Wesel, D-46483 Wesel, Germany. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Calif Waterfowl Assoc, Sacramento, CA 95834 USA. Japanese Assoc Wild Geese Protect, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Wrangel Isl State Reserve, Chukotka, Russia. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Koyukuk NWR, Galena, AK 99741 USA. US Geol Survey, San Francisco Bay Est, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. Natl Pks & Wildlife Serv, Wildfown Reserve, Dept Environm Heritage & Local Govt, N Slobland, Wexford, Ireland. RP Ely, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1101 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM craig_ely@usgs.gov RI Kondratyev, Alexander/J-8301-2012; Fox, Anthony/I-7465-2013 OI Kondratyev, Alexander/0000-0002-4657-3336; NR 102 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU BRITISH TRUST ORNITHOLOGY PI THETFORD NORFOLK PA NUNNERY, NUNNERY PLACE, THETFORD NORFOLK IP24 2PU, ENGLAND SN 0006-3657 J9 BIRD STUDY JI Bird Stud. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 52 BP 104 EP 119 PN 2 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 941FO UT WOS:000230200900002 ER PT J AU Burgisser, A AF Burgisser, A TI Physical volcanology of the 2,050 BP caldera-forming eruption of Okmok volcano, Alaska SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBAQUEOUS PYROCLASTIC FLOWS; MOUNT ST-HELENS; DENSITY CURRENTS; LESSER ANTILLES; TEPHRA FALL; ASH; IGNIMBRITE; TRANSPORT; SEA; EMPLACEMENT AB In the Aleutian volcanic chain ( USA), the 2,050+/-50 bp collapse of Okmok caldera generated pyroclasts that spread over 1,000 km(2) on Umnak Island. After expelling up to 0.25 km(3) DRE of rhyodacitic Plinian air fall and 0.35 km(3) DRE of andesitic phreatomagmatic tephra, the caldera collapsed and produced the 29 km(3) DRE Okmok II scoria deposit, which is composed of valleyponding, poorly sorted, massive facies and over- bank, stratified facies with planar and cross bedding. Geological and sedimentological data suggest that a single density current produced the Okmok II deposits by segregating into a highly concentrated base and an overriding dilute cloud. The dense base deposited massive facies, whereas the dilute cloud sedimented preferentially on hills as stratified deposits. The pyroclastic current spread around Okmok in an axisymmetric fashion, encountering topographic barriers on the southwest, reaching Unalaska Island across an 8-km strait on the east, and reaching the shoreline of Umnak in the other directions. A kinematic model ( Burgisser and Bergantz, Earth Planet Sci Lett 202: 405 - 418, 2002) was used to show how decoupling of the pyroclastic current was triggered by both sea entrance and interaction with the topography. In the former case, the dense part of the current and the lithics transported by the dilute cloud went underwater. In the latter case, topographical barriers noticeably decelerated both parts of the decoupled current and favored sedimentation by partial or complete blocking. The resulting unloading of the dilute current drastically reduced the runout distance by triggering an early buoyant lift-off. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Burgisser, A (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM alain@gi.alaska.edu NR 50 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 67 IS 6 BP 497 EP 525 DI 10.1007/s00445-004-0391-5 PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 945GQ UT WOS:000230491400001 ER PT J AU Bromaghin, JF Crane, PA AF Bromaghin, JF Crane, PA TI A method to bin alleles of genetic loci that maintains population heterogeneity SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STOCK IDENTIFICATION; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; MICROSATELLITE DNA; MOLECULAR MARKERS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHUM SALMON; DIFFERENTIATION; INDIVIDUALS; STATISTICS AB Fishery resources are often studied when individuals from multiple stocks are aggregated. For that reason, mixed-stock analysis (MSA), i.e., estimation of the stock composition of a mixture of individuals, is an important component of many research programs. Although many characteristics can be used in MSA, DNA loci, particularly microsatellites, have become extremely common. Microsatellite loci usually have a greater number of potential expressions, or alleles, than other marker types. A high degree of polymorphism can enhance the power of MSA, but allele proportions are estimated less precisely and rare alleles are absent or observed in very small numbers in typically sized samples. The reduced precision and presence of rare alleles can degrade the performance of some analytic methods. Although the effect can be reduced by binning alleles, which is common, an objective method of doing so has not been available previously. We present a method for binning alleles that reduces the number of rare alleles, largely preserves the genetic relationships observed among stocks, and modestly improves the performance of mixed-stock and individual-assignment analyses. The method is illustrated with data from Yukon River chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and western Alaska Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma). C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Fisheries & Habitat Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Bromaghin, JF (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Fisheries & Habitat Conservat, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM Jeffrey_Bromaghin@fws.gov RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009 OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500 NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 62 IS 7 BP 1570 EP 1579 DI 10.1139/F05-093 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 960NB UT WOS:000231599300008 ER PT J AU Gunzburger, MS Travis, J AF Gunzburger, MS Travis, J TI Effects of multiple predator species on green treefrog (Hyla cinerea) tadpoles SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS; ANURAN LARVAE; PREY; CONSEQUENCES; RESPONSES; GRADIENT; SPIDERS; FISH AB Prey species that occur across a range of habitats may be exposed to variable communities of multiple predator species across habitats. Predicting the combined effects of multiple predators can be complex. Many experiments evaluating the effects of multiple predators on prey confound either variation in predator density with predator identity or variation in relative predator frequency with overall predation rates. We develop a new experimental design of factorial predator combinations that maintains a constant expected predation rate, under the null hypothesis of additive predator effects. We implement this design to evaluate the combined effects of three predator species (bass, aeshnid and libellulid odonate naiads) on mortality rate of a prey species, Hyla cinerea (Schneider, 1799) tadpoles, that occurs across a range of aquatic habitats. Two predator treatments (libellulid and aeshnid + libellulid) resulted in lower tadpole mortality than any of the other predator treatments. Variation in tadpole mortality across treatments was not related to coarse variation in microhabitat use, but was likely due to intraguild predation, which occurred in all predator treatments. Hyla cinerea tadpoles have constant, low survival values when exposed to many different combinations of predator species, and predation rate probably increases linearly with predator density. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Gunzburger, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 7920 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM margaret_gunzburger@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 83 IS 7 BP 996 EP 1002 DI 10.1139/Z05-093 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 965YC UT WOS:000231985800013 ER PT J AU Rees, CB McCormick, SD Li, WM AF Rees, CB McCormick, SD Li, WM TI A non-lethal method to estimate CYP1A expression in laboratory and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; CYP1A; gill biopsies; quantitative PCR; Salmo solar; PCBs; biomarkers; environmental assessment ID CYTOCHROME-P4501A CYP1A; MESSENGER-RNA; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; ATPASE ACTIVITY; INDUCTION; FISH; 4-NONYLPHENOL; PESTICIDE; PROTEIN; BIOPSY AB Expression of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) has been used as a biomarker for possible exposure to contaminants such as PCBs and dioxins in teleost fish. Using a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR) and a non-lethal gill biopsy, we estimated levels of CYP1A mRNA expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Groups of ten Atlantic salmon juveniles (48 - 76 g) received an intraperitoneal injection of 50 mu g g(-1) beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) or vehicle. Their gill tissues were repeatedly sampled by non-lethal biopsies on day 0, 1, 2 and 7. Control fish expressed basal levels of CYP1A over the duration of sampling. BNF-treated salmon demonstrated similar levels of CYP1A to control fish at day 0 and higher levels over the course of each additional sampling point. Gill biopsies from wild salmon sampled from Millers River (South Royalston, Worcester County, MA, USA), known to contain PCBs, showed significantly higher CYP1A levels over an uncontaminated reference stream, Fourmile Brook (Northfield,, Franklin County, MA, USA). We conclude that gill biopsies coupled with Q-RT-PCR analysis is a valuable tool in environmental assessment of wild Atlantic salmon populations and has the potential to be applied to other populations of fish as well. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USGS, Biol Resources Div, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Li, WM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM liweim@msu.edu RI li, weiming /E-4652-2011; Li, Weiming /D-9615-2013 OI Li, Weiming /0000-0001-5437-1518 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 141 IS 3 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2005.04.010 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 964QK UT WOS:000231895400001 PM 16051526 ER PT J AU Friesen, VL Birt, TP Piatt, JF Golightly, RT Newman, SH Hebert, PN Congdon, BC Gissing, G AF Friesen, VL Birt, TP Piatt, JF Golightly, RT Newman, SH Hebert, PN Congdon, BC Gissing, G TI Population genetic structure and conservation of marbled murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE conservation genetics; intron; management unit; marbled murrelet ID MITOCHONDRIAL CONTROL REGION; PHENOTYPIC ASSOCIATIONS; EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; URIA-AALGE; DNA; PATTERNS; SEQUENCE; DIFFERENTIATION; HAPLOTYPES AB Marbled murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) are coastal seabirds that nest from California to the Aleutian Islands. They are declining and considered threatened in several regions. We compared variation in the mitochondrial control region, four nuclear introns and three microsatellite loci among194 murrelets from throughout their range except Washington and Oregon. Significant population genetic structure was found: nine private control region haplotypes and three private intron alleles occurred at high frequency in the Aleutians and California; global estimates of F-ST or Phi(ST) and most pairwise estimates involving the Aleutians and/or California were significant; and marked isolation-by-distance was found. Given the available samples, murrelets appear to comprise five genetic management units: (1) western Aleutian Islands, (2) central Aleutian Islands, (3) mainland Alaska and British Columbia, (4) northern California, and (5) central California. C1 Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Wildlife Trust, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Trop Biol, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. RP Friesen, VL (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM friesenv@biology.queensu.ca RI Congdon, Bradley/J-9181-2012 NR 48 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 6 IS 4 BP 607 EP 614 DI 10.1007/s10592-005-9012-x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 000FH UT WOS:000234445800011 ER PT J AU Breckel, EJ Emerson, S Balistrieri, LS AF Breckel, EJ Emerson, S Balistrieri, LS TI Authigenesis of trace metals in energetic tropical shelf environments SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE authigenesis; tropical continental shelves; resuspended sediments; trace metals; cadmium; molybdenum; uranium ID AMAZON CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; RIVER SYSTEM; URANIUM GEOCHEMISTRY; ACCUMULATION RATES; TRANSITION-METALS; RADIUM ISOTOPES; MASS-BALANCE; SEDIMENTS; GULF AB We evaluated authigenic changes of Fe, Mn, V, U, Mo, Cd and Re in suboxic, periodically remobilized, tropical shelf sediments from the Amazon continental shelf and the Gulf of Papua. The Cd/Al, Mo/Al, and U/Al ratios in Amazon shelf sediments were 82%, 37%, and 16% less than those in Amazon River suspended sediments, respectively. Very large depletions of U previously reported in this environment were not observed. The Cd/Al ratios in Gulf of Papua sediments were 76% lower than measurements made on several Papua New Guinea rivers, whereas U/Al ratios in the shelf sediments were enriched by approximately 20%. Other metal/Al ratios in the Papua New Guinea river Suspended sediments and continental shelf sediments were not distinguishably different. Comparison of rnetal/Al ratios to grain size distributions in Gulf of Papua samples indicates that out, observations cannot be attributed to differences in grain size between the river Suspended sediments and continental shelf sediments. These two shelves constitute a source of dissolved Cd to the world ocean equal to 29-100%, of the dissolved Cd input from rivers, but only 3% of the dissolved Mo input and 4% of the dissolved U input. Release of Cd, Mo, and U in tropical shelf sediments is likely a result of intense Fe and Mn oxide reduction in pore waters and resuspension of the sediments. Since we do not observe depletions of particulate Fe and Mn in the shelf sediments most of these dissolved metals must reoxidize in the overlying waters and reprecipitate. As Cd exhibits the largest losses on these tropical shelves, we examined the ability of newly formed Fe and Mn oxides to adsorb dissolved Cd using a geochemical diffuse double-layer surface complexation model and found the oxide surfaces are relatively ineffective at readsorbing Cd in seawater due to surface-site competition by Mg and Ca. If the remobilization and reoxiclation of Fe and Mn Occurs frequently enough before sediment is buried significant amounts of Cd may be removed from the oxide surfaces. Because a much greater percentage of Mn than Fe becomes remobilized in these shelf sediments, metals closely associated with Mn oxides (like Cd) are more likely to show losses during deposition. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Breckel, EJ (reprint author), Hart Crowser Inc, 1910 Fairview Ave E, Seattle, WA 98102 USA. EM ebreckel@hotmail.com NR 58 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1321 EP 1337 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2005.02.001 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 935MK UT WOS:000229786200002 ER PT J AU Jones, TA Nielson, DC Caicco, SL Fenchel, GA Young, SA AF Jones, TA Nielson, DC Caicco, SL Fenchel, GA Young, SA TI Registration of Star Lake Indian ricegrass germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEED C1 Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV 89502 USA. USDA, NRCS, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. Utah State Univ, Utah Crop Improvement Assoc, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tomjones@cc.usu.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1666 EP 1667 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0469 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700075 ER PT J AU Krushelnycky, PD Joe, SM Medeiros, AC Daehler, CC Loope, LL AF Krushelnycky, PD Joe, SM Medeiros, AC Daehler, CC Loope, LL TI The role of abiotic conditions in shaping the long-term patterns of a high-elevation Argentine ant invasion SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; invasive species; Linepithema humile; range limits; rate of spread ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA HYMENOPTERA; HALEAKALA-NATIONAL-PARK; IRIDOMYRMEX-HUMILIS; RANGE EXPANSION; FIRE ANT; FORMICIDAE; CALIFORNIA; TEMPERATURE; PREFERENCE; SUCCESS AB Analysis of long-term patterns of invasion can reveal the importance of abiotic factors in influencing invasion dynamics, and can help predict future patterns of spread. In the case of the invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile), most prior studies have investigated this species' limitations in hot and dry climates. However, spatial and temporal patterns of spread involving two ant populations over the course of 30 years at a high elevation site in Hawaii suggest that cold and wet conditions have influenced both the ant's distribution and its rate of invasion. In Haleakala National Park on Maui, we found that a population invading at lower elevation is limited by increasing rainfall and presumably by associated decreasing temperatures. A second, higher elevation population has spread outward in all directions, but rates of spread in different directions appear to have been strongly influenced by differences in elevation and temperature. Patterns of foraging activity were strongly tied to soil temperatures, supporting the hypothesis that variation in temperature can influence rates of spread. Based on past patterns of spread, we predicted a total potential range that covers nearly 50% of the park and 75% of the park's subalpine habitats. We compared this rough estimate with point predictions derived from a degree-day model for Argentine ant colony reproduction, and found that the two independent predictions match closely when soil temperatures are used in the model. The cold, wet conditions that have influenced Argentine ant invasion at this site are likely to be influential at other locations in this species' current and future worldwide distribution. C1 USGS Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Haleakala Field Stn, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Krushelnycky, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 137 Mulford Hall 3114, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM krusheln@hotmail.com NR 46 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 319 EP 331 DI 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00151.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 949KI UT WOS:000230784400006 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE Rundel, PW AF Keeley, JE Rundel, PW TI Fire and the Miocene expansion of C-4 grasslands SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE grasslands; Miocene; paleosols; photosynthesis; savannas; woodlands ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; GLOBAL CHANGE; GREAT-PLAINS; C4 PLANTS; SAVANNA; ECOSYSTEMS AB C-4 photosynthesis had a mid-Tertiary origin that was tied to declining atmospheric CO2, but C-4-dominated grasslands did not appear until late Tertiary. According to the 'CO2-threshold' model, these C-4 grasslands owe their origin to a further late Miocene decline in CO2 that gave C-4 grasses a photosynthetic advantage. This model is most appropriate for explaining replacement of C-3 grasslands by C-4 grasslands, however, fossil evidence shows C-4 grasslands replaced woodlands. An additional weakness in the threshold model is that recent estimates do not support a late Miocene drop in pCO(2). We hypothesize that late Miocene climate changes created a fire climate capable of replacing woodlands with C-4 grasslands. Critical elements were seasonality that sustained high biomass production part of year, followed by a dry season that greatly reduced fuel moisture, coupled with a monsoon climate that generated abundant lightning-igniting fires. As woodlands became more open from burning, the high light conditions favoured C-4 grasses over C-3 grasses, and in a feedback process, the elevated productivity of C-4 grasses increased highly combustible fuel loads that further increased fire activity. This hypothesis is supported by paleosol data that indicate the late Miocene expansion of C-4 grasslands was the result of grassland expansion into more mesic environments and by charcoal sediment profiles that parallel the late Miocene expansion of C-4 grasslands. Many contemporary C-4 grasslands are fire dependent and are invaded by woodlands upon cessation of burning. Thus, we maintain that the factors driving the late Miocene expansion of C-4 were the same as those responsible for maintenance of C-4 grasslands today. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Embedded Networked Sensing, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov NR 73 TC 138 Z9 147 U1 8 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 8 IS 7 BP 683 EP 690 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00767.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 932UU UT WOS:000229580300002 ER PT J AU Hunt, G Cronin, TM Roy, K AF Hunt, G Cronin, TM Roy, K TI Species-energy relationship in the deep sea: a test using the Quaternary fossil record SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE deep sea; foraminifera; Quaternary; species-energy ID BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; GLOBAL PATTERNS; DIVERSITY; RICHNESS; CLIMATE; BIODIVERSITY; TEMPERATURE AB Little is known about the processes regulating species richness in deep-sea communities. Here we take advantage of natural experiments involving climate change to test whether predictions of the species-energy hypothesis hold in the deep sea. In addition, we test for the relationship between temperature and species richness predicted by a recent model based on biochemical kinetics of metabolism. Using the deep-sea fossil record of benthic foraminifera and statistical meta-analyses of temperature-richness and productivity-richness relationships in 10 deep-sea cores, we show that temperature but not productivity is a significant predictor of species richness over the past c. 130 000 years. Our results not only show that the temperature-richness relationship in the deep-sea is remarkably similar to that found in terrestrial and shallow marine habitats, but also that species richness tracks temperature change over geological time, at least on scales of c. 100 000 years. Thus, predicting biotic response to global climate change in the deep sea would require better understanding of how temperature regulates the occurrences and geographical ranges of species. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Sect Ecol Behav & Evolut, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Roy, K (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Sect Ecol Behav & Evolut, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kroy@ucsd.edu RI Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010 OI Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020 NR 53 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 8 IS 7 BP 739 EP 747 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00778.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 932UU UT WOS:000229580300009 ER PT J AU Hamilton, SJ AF Hamilton, SJ TI Commentary: selenium study on endangered razorback sucker is flawed SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Review DE selenium; endangered fish; Colorado river; razorback sucker ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; COLORADO RIVER BASIN; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; BRACHIONUS-PLICATILIS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; FOOD-CHAIN; XYRAUCHEN-TEXANUS; DIETARY SELENIUM; CHINOOK SALMON AB The razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) is listed as federally endangered throughout its range. A massive recovery effort by the Recovery Implementation Program for Endangered Fish Species in the Upper Colorado River Basin has focused its efforts in the upper Colorado River. The upper Colorado River basin also has two locations that have been identified by the National Irrigation Water Quality Program as having substantial selenium contamination. Selenium is toxic to fishes, affecting reproductive success. Thus, there is concern about potential effects of selenium on the endangered razorback sucker. Two sets of studies have investigated the effects of selenium on razorback suckers, but study results are conflicting. This commentary evaluates studies that claim selenium is not a problem for razorback sucker. We find that study bias was so pervasive that purported conclusions were unwarranted. Contaminated control water, older life stages of fish tested, lack of methodology for analysis of selenium in water, diet, or fish, use of rotifer food, low feeding rates, low growth rates of fish, and improper storage of site waters resulted in an apparent erroneous linkage of high selenium in whole-body residues with no adverse effects. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Environm Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Field Res Stn, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. RP Hamilton, SJ (reprint author), Columbia Environm Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Field Res Stn, 31247 436th Ave, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. EM steve_hamilton@usgs.gov NR 116 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 61 IS 3 BP 313 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.11.010 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 936IT UT WOS:000229849400002 PM 15922797 ER PT J AU Reid, SE Marion, JL AF Reid, SE Marion, JL TI A comparison of campfire impacts and policies in seven protected areas SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE campfire impacts; camping impacts; recreation impacts; recreation ecology ID WILDERNESS CAMPSITES; ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS; NATIONAL-PARK; MANAGEMENT; STANDARDS AB Using resource-monitoring data from seven protected areas, the effectiveness of three campfire policies-campfire ban, designated campfires, and unregulated campfires-were assessed based on the number of fire sites and the amount of tree damage, Results indicate that unregulated campfire policies permitted substantial numbers of fire sites and tree damage in campsites, although fire bans did not eliminate or even substantially decrease these problems. A designated campfire policy was effective in decreasing number of fire sites, but little difference was found among policies regarding tree damage, Given the importance of campfires to visitor experiences, campfire prohibitions could be viewed as unnecessarily restrictive based on their limited success in preventing resource damage. Conclusions encourage protected-area managers to consider designated campfire policies and prohibitions on axes, hatchets, and saws to better meet resource protection and visitor experience mandates. C1 US Geol Survey, Virginia Tech Field Unit, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA USA. Summit Cty Open Space, Trails Resource Specialist, Frisco, CO USA. RP Marion, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Virginia Tech Field Unit, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA USA. EM jmarion@vt.edu NR 40 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 36 IS 1 BP 48 EP 58 DI 10.1007/S00267-003-0215-y PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 953QB UT WOS:000231093100004 PM 16132449 ER PT J AU Li, H Sheng, GY Chiou, CT Xu, OY AF Li, H Sheng, GY Chiou, CT Xu, OY TI Relation of organic contaminant equilibrium sorption and kinetic uptake in plants SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-IONIZED CHEMICALS; HYBRID POPLAR TREES; ROOT UPTAKE; BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; XYLEM TRANSLOCATION; TNT METABOLISM; WATER-SYSTEMS; SOIL; VEGETATION AB Plant uptake is one of the environmental processes that influence contaminant fate. Understanding the magnitude and rate of plant uptake is critical to assessing potential crop contamination and the development of phytoremediation technologies. We determined (1) the partition-dominated equilibrium sorption of lindane (LDN) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) by roots and shoots of wheat seedlings, (2) the kinetic uptake of LDN and HCB by roots and shoots of wheat seedlings, (3) the kinetic uptake of HCB, tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and trichloroethylene (TCE) by roots and shoots of ryegrass seedlings, and (4) the lipid, carbohydrate, and water contents of the plants. Although the determined sorption and the plant composition together suggest the predominant role of plant lipids for the sorption of LDN and HCB, the predicted partition with lipids of LDN and HCB using the octanol-water partition coefficients is notably lower than the measured sorption, due presumably to underestimation of the plant lipid contents and to the fact that octanol is less effective as a partition medium than plant lipids. The equilibrium sorption or the estimated partition can be viewed as the kinetic uptake limits. The uptakes of LDN, PCE, and TCE from water at fixed concentrations increased with exposure time in approach to steady states. The uptake of HCB did not reach a plateau within the tested time because of its exceptionally high partition coefficient. In all of the cases, the observed uptakes were lower than their respective limits, due presumably to contaminant dissipation in and limited water transpiration by the plants. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Environm Sci & Policy Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Nanjing Univ, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Sch Environm, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. RP Sheng, GY (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM gsheng@uark.edu RI Li, Hui/G-4055-2010; Chiou, Cary/C-3203-2013 OI Li, Hui/0000-0003-3298-5265; NR 43 TC 81 Z9 95 U1 11 U2 75 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 13 BP 4864 EP 4870 DI 10.1021/es050424z PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941WS UT WOS:000230245500035 PM 16053085 ER PT J AU Chernyak, SIM Rice, CP Quintal, RT Begnoche, LJ Hickey, JP Vinyard, BT AF Chernyak, SIM Rice, CP Quintal, RT Begnoche, LJ Hickey, JP Vinyard, BT TI Time trends (1983-1999) for organochlorines and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) from Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Superior, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE rainbow smelt; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; polychlorinated biphenyls; toxaphene; time trends ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; GREAT-LAKES; TEMPORAL TRENDS; CONTAMINANT TRENDS; TOXAPHENE; FISHES; TRACKING AB The U.S. Geological Service Great Lakes Science Center has archived rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) collected from the early 1980s to the present. These fish were collected to provide time- and site-dependent contaminant residue data needed by researchers and managers to fill critical data gaps regarding trends and behavior of persistent organic contaminants in the Great Lakes ecosystem. In the present study, data are presented for concentrations of several organochlorine (OC) contaminants in the archived smelt, including DDT, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), toxaphene, and chlordanes in Lakes Michigan and Huron (ML USA) and in Lake Superior (MN, USA). The trends for all the OCs were declining as a first-order decay over the sampled time series (1983/1985-1993/1999) with the exception of toxaphene in Lake Superior and PCBs at the Charlevoix/Little Traverse Bay site in Lake Michigan. Concentration of the emerging contaminant, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), also was traced from its apparent entry into this ecosystem in approximately 1980 until 1999. Time trends for the PBDEs were increasing exponentially at all sites, with concentration-doubling times varying from 1.58 to 2.94 years. C1 US Geol Serv, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. USDA, ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rice, CP (reprint author), US Geol Serv, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM ricec@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 10 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1632 EP 1641 DI 10.1897/04-390R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 937XU UT WOS:000229960700008 PM 16050579 ER PT J AU Buck, JA Anthony, RG Schuler, CA Isaacs, FB Tillitt, DE AF Buck, JA Anthony, RG Schuler, CA Isaacs, FB Tillitt, DE TI Changes in productivity and contaminants in bald eagles nesting along the lower Columbia River, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Haliaeetus leucocephalus; p,p '-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; polychlorinated biphenyls; dioxins; toxic equivalents ID HEPATOMA-CELL BIOASSAY; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; GREAT-LAKES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; EGGS; ESTUARY; RESIDUES; MERCURY; PCDDS; PCBS AB Previous studies documented poor productivity of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in the lower Columbia River (LCR). USA, and elevated p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, and furans in eagle eggs. From 1994 to 1995, we collected partially incubated eggs at 19 of 43 occupied territories along the LCR and compared productivity and egg contaminants to values obtained in the mid-1980s. We found higher productivity at new nesting sites along the river. yet productivity at 23 older breeding territories remained low and was not different (p = 0.713) between studies. Eggshell thickness at older territories had not improved (p = 0.404), and eggshells averaged 11% thinner than shells measured before dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane use. Decreases in DDE (p = 0.022) and total PCBs (p = 0.0004) in eggs from older breeding areas occurred between study periods. Productivity was not correlated to contaminants, but DDE, PCBs, and dioxin-like chemicals exceeded estimated no-effect values. Some dioxin-like contaminants in eggs were correlated to nest location, with highest concentrations occurring toward the river's mouth where productivity was lowest. Although total productivity increased due to the success of new nesting pairs in the region, egg contaminants remain high enough to impair reproduction at older territories and, over time, may alter productivity of new pairs nesting near the river's mouth. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oregon Fish & Wildlife Off, Portland, OR 97266 USA. Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Buck, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oregon Fish & Wildlife Off, 2600 SE 98th Ave,Suite 100, Portland, OR 97266 USA. EM jeremy_buck@fws.gov NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1779 EP 1792 DI 10.1897/03-621.1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 937XU UT WOS:000229960700026 PM 16050597 ER PT J AU Besser, JM Brumbaugh, WG Brunson, EL Ingersoll, CG AF Besser, JM Brumbaugh, WG Brunson, EL Ingersoll, CG TI Acute and chronic toxicity of lead in water and diet to the amphipod Hyalella azteca SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lead; toxicity; dietary toxicity; amphipod; water-quality criteria ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; METAL-CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; COEUR-DALENE RIVER; CLARK-FORK RIVER; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; COPPER; BIOACCUMULATION; CADMIUM; KINETICS AB We evaluated the influence of waterborne and dietary lead (Pb) exposure on the acute and chronic toxicity of Pb to the amiphipod Hyidella azteca. Test solutions were generated by a modified diluter with an extended (24-h) equilibration period. Acute (96-h) toxicity of Pb varied with water hardness in the range of 71 to 275 mg/L as CaCO3, despite similar dissolved Pb concentrations. Acute toxicity was greatest in soft test water, with less than 50% survival at the lowest dissolved Pb concentration (151 mu g/L). Survival also was significantly reduced in medium-hardness water but not in hard test water. In chronic (42-d) studies, amphipods were exposed to waterborne Ph and fed either a control diet or a diet equilibrated with waterborne Ph levels. For animals fed the control diet. the median lethal concentration (LC50) for Ph was 24 mu g/L (as dissolved Pb), and significant reductions in Survival occurred at 16 mu g/L. Exposure to Pb-treated diets significantly increased toxicity across a wide range of dissolved Ph concentrations, with a LC50 of 16 mu g/L and significant reductions in growth and reproduction at 3.5 mu g/L. Significant effects oil growth and reproduction Occurred at dissolved Pb concentrations close to the current U.S. chronic water-quality criterion. Our results Suggest that both aqueous- and dietary-exposure pathways contribute significantly to chronic Ph exposure and toxic effects in aquatic biota. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Besser, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jbesser@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 28 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1807 EP 1815 DI 10.1897/04-480R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 937XU UT WOS:000229960700029 PM 16050600 ER PT J AU Duffy, EJ Beauchamp, DA Buckley, RM AF Duffy, EJ Beauchamp, DA Buckley, RM TI Early marine life history of juvenile Pacific salmon in two regions of Puget Sound SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE juvenile salmon; nearshore use; timing; size structure; hatchery; Puget Sound ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; CHINOOK SALMON; PINK SALMON; GROWTH-RATE; SMOLT SIZE; SURVIVAL; RIVER; MORTALITY; ESTUARY AB Puget Sound could differentially represent either a simple migration corridor or an important rearing environment during the potentially critical early marine residence period for different species of Pacific salmon. Recent declines in various stocks of Puget Sound salmon could reflect degraded rearing conditions or changes in temporal-spatial utilization patterns by juvenile salmon in Puget Sound, and these patterns could vary between habitats and regions of Puget Sound in response to different environmental conditions or hatchery practices. In April-September 2001 and 2002, we evaluated spatial and temporal differences in distribution and size structure among juvenile chum, pink, coho, and chinook salmon at delta and nearshore habitats in a northern and southern region of Puget Sound, Washington. Water was consistently warmer (8-18.8 degrees C) and less saline (0.0-27.7) in the northern (N) than in the southern region (S: 9.5-14.6 degrees C, 13.0-30.4). Salinities were lower and water temperatures more variable in delta sites than exposed nearshore marine sites. Peak densities of juvenile salmon coincided at delta and nearshore sites within sampling regions but differed between regions. Nearshore densities were highest during April-June with pink and chum salmon generally preceding chinook and coho salmon, and peak catch rates of most species occurred in May. A second, late pulse of chinook salmon also occurred during July at northern sites. Juvenile chinook salmon were predominantly of hatchery origin in the southern region (98%), and of mixed origin in the northern region (44% marked hatchery fish) during 2002. The lengths of chinook and chum salmon in nearshore regions increased steadily through time, whereas pink and coho salmon varied inconsistently. Mean sizes of juvenile salmon were slightly but consistently smaller at delta than nearshore sites and at northern versus southern sites. Hatchery chinook salmon were slightly larger than their unmarked counterparts. Extended nearshore residence times (their seasonal duration in the catches) and significant increases in size suggested that nearshore environments may be particularly important rearing areas for juvenile chinook salmon in the northern region, and chum salmon in the southern region. Regional differences in the magnitude and timing of hatchery inputs, salinity, and water temperature likely affect the timing, nearshore use, size, and growth potential for juvenile salmon entering different regions of Puget Sound and could differentially influence subsequent marine survival. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Duffy, EJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM ejduffy@u.washington.edu; davebea@u.washington.edu; bucklrmb@drw.wa.gov NR 51 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 64 IS 1 BP 94 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2005.02.009 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 942QN UT WOS:000230297000009 ER PT J AU McCormick, SD O'Dea, MF Moeckel, AM Lerner, DT Bjornsson, BT AF McCormick, SD O'Dea, MF Moeckel, AM Lerner, DT Bjornsson, BT TI Endocrine disruption of parr-smolt transformation and seawater tolerance of Atlantic salmon by 4-nonylphenol and 17 beta-estradiol SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endocrine disrupter; osmoregulation; Parr-smolt transformation; insulin-like growth factor I; growth hormone; thyroid hormone; cortisol; gill Na,K-ATPase; estradiol; nonylphenol; salinity tolerance ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GONADAL-STEROID HORMONES; RAINBOW-TROUT; GENE-EXPRESSION; K+-ATPASE; GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; DOWNSTREAM MIGRATION; RECEPTOR GENE; SALAR SMOLTS AB Sex steroids are known to interfere with the parr-smolt transformation of anadromous salmonids, and environmental estrogens such as nonylphenol have recently been implicated in reduced returns of Atlantic salmon in the wild. To determine the endocrine pathways by which estrogenic compounds affect smolt development and seawater tolerance, groups of juvenile Atlantic salmon were injected with one of five doses (0.5, 2, 10, 40 or 150 mu g g(-1)) of branched 4-nonylphenol (NP), 2 mu g g(-1) of 17 beta-estradiol (E-2), or vehicle, during the parr-smolt transformation in April, and the treatment was repeated 4, 8, and 11 days after the first injection. Plasma was obtained for biochemical analysis 7 and 14 days after initiation of treatment. After 14 days of treatment, additional fish from each treatment group were exposed to seawater for 24 h to assess salinity tolerance. The E, treatment and the highest NP dose resulted in lower salinity tolerance and decreased plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels, along with elevated levels of plasma vitellogenin and total calcium. Plasma growth hormone levels were elevated at intermediate NP doses only, and not affected by E-2. After 7 days, plasma thyroxine (T-4) levels decreased in a strong, dose-dependent manner in response to nonylphenol, but after 14 days, this suppressive effect of T-4 occurred at the highest NP dose only. Similarly, E-2 decreased plasma T-4 levels at 7, but not 14 days. Plasma 3,3',5-triodo-L-thyronine was reduced by E-2 and the highest NP dose after 7 and 14 days of treatment. Plasma cortisol levels were not affected by any of the treatments. The results indicate that the parr-smolt transformation and salinity tolerance can be compromised by exposure to estrogenic compounds. Suppression of plasma IGF-I levels is a likely endocrine pathway for the effects of estrogenic compounds on hypo-osmoregulatory capacity, and the detrimental effects of E2 and NP on thyroid hormone levels are also likely to compromise the normal parr-smolt transformation of Atlantic salmon. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Zoophysiol, Fish Endocrinol Lab, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP McCormick, SD (reprint author), USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. EM stephen_mccormick@usgs.gov RI Bjornsson, Bjorn/B-9161-2008; Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Bjornsson, Bjorn/0000-0002-1310-9756; Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 50 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 142 IS 3 BP 280 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.01.015 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 935WA UT WOS:000229812900004 PM 15935154 ER PT J AU Gaeuman, D Symanzik, J Schmidt, JC AF Gaeuman, D Symanzik, J Schmidt, JC TI A map overlay error model based on boundary geometry SO GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID ACCURACY; VARIANCE AB An error model for quantifying the magnitudes and variability of errors generated in the areas of polygons during spatial overlay of vector geographic information system layers is presented. Numerical simulation of polygon boundary displacements was used to propagate coordinate errors to spatial overlays. The model departs from most previous error models in that it incorporates spatial dependence of coordinate errors at the scale of the boundary segment. It can be readily adapted to match the scale of error-boundary interactions responsible for error generation on a given overlay. The area of error generated by overlay depends on the sinuosity of polygon boundaries, as well as the magnitude of the coordinate errors on the input layers. Asymmetry in boundary shape has relatively little effect on error generation. Overlay errors are affected by real differences in boundary positions on the input layers, as well as errors in the boundary positions. Real differences between input layers tend to compensate for much of the error generated by coordinate errors. Thus, the area of change measured on an overlay layer produced by the XOR overlay operation will be more accurate if the area of real change depicted on the overlay is large. The model presented here considers these interactions, making it especially useful for estimating errors studies of landscape change over time. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Natl Res Council Assoc, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Gaeuman, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Natl Res Council Assoc, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM dgaeuman@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-7363 J9 GEOGR ANAL JI Geogr. Anal. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3 BP 350 EP 369 DI 10.1111/j.1538-4632.2005.00585.x PG 20 WC Geography SC Geography GA 944JD UT WOS:000230422600005 ER PT J AU Clift, PD Draut, AE Kelemen, PB Blusztajn, J Greene, A AF Clift, PD Draut, AE Kelemen, PB Blusztajn, J Greene, A TI Stratigraphic and geochemical evolution of an oceanic arc upper crustal section: The Jurassic Talkeetna Volcanic Formation, south-central Alaska SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE sedimentology; arc volcanism; subduction; geochemistry; isotope geology ID RANGES FAULT SYSTEM; ISLAND-ARC; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; CHUGACH MOUNTAINS; NORTHERN PAKISTAN; LADAKH-HIMALAYA; MARIANA TROUGH; KOHISTAN ARC; TEMPORAL EVOLUTION; MAGMATIC EVOLUTION AB The Early Jurassic Talkeetna Volcanic Formation forms the upper stratigraphic level of an oceanic volcanic are complex within the Peninsular Terrane of south-central Alaska. The section comprises a series of lavas, tuffs, and volcaniclastic debris-flow and turbidite deposits, showing significant lateral facies variability. There is a general trend toward more volcaniclastic sediment at the top of the section and more lavas and tuff breccias toward the base. Evidence for dominant submarine, mostly mid-bathyal or deeper (> 500 m) emplacement is seen throughout the section, which totals similar to 7 km in thickness, similar to modern western Pacific arcs, and far more than any other known exposed section. Subaerial sedimentation was rare but occurred over short intervals in the middle of the section. The Talkeetna Volcanic Formation is dominantly calc-alkaline and shows no clear trend to increasing SiO2 up-section. An oceanic subduction petrogenesis is shown by trace element and Nd isotope data. Rocks at the base of the section show no relative enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREEs) versus heavy rare earth elements (RFEs) or in meltincompatible versus compatible high field strength elements (HFSEs). Relative enrichment of LREEs and HFSEs increases slightly up-section. The Talkeetna Volcanic Formation is typically more REE depleted than average continental crust, although small volumes of light REE-enriched and heavy REE-depleted mafic lavas are recognized low in the stratigraphy. The Talkeetna Volcanic Formation was formed in an intraoceanic arc above a north-dipping subduction zone and contains no preserved record of its subsequent collisions with Wrangellia or North America. C1 Univ Aberdeen, Dept Geol & Petr Geol, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. RP Clift, PD (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Dept Geol & Petr Geol, Meston Bldg, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. EM p.clift@abdn.ac.uk RI Kelemen, Peter/D-6813-2013; OI Kelemen, Peter/0000-0003-4757-0855; East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460 NR 122 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 12 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 117 IS 7-8 BP 902 EP 925 DI 10.1130/B25638.1 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 938HS UT WOS:000229991100006 ER PT J AU Kelsey, HM Nelson, AR Hemphill-Haley, E Witter, RC AF Kelsey, HM Nelson, AR Hemphill-Haley, E Witter, RC TI Tsunami history of an Oregon coastal lake reveals a 4600 yr record of great earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction zone SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE tsunami; Cascadia subduction zone; paleoseismology; plate boundaries; subduction zone ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION; TECTONIC DEFORMATION; LAMINATED SEDIMENTS; DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES; NORTHERN OREGON; RIVER ESTUARY; WASHINGTON; SUBSIDENCE AB Bradley Lake, on the southern Oregon coastal plain, records local tsunamis and seismic shaking on the Cascadia subduction zone over the last 7000 yr. Thirteen marine incursions delivered landward-thinning sheets of sand to the lake from nearshore, beach, and dune environments to the west. Following each incursion, a slug of marine water near the bottom of the freshwater take instigated a few-year-to-several-decade period of a brackish (<= 4 parts per thousand salinity) lake. Four additional disturbances without marine incursions destabilized sideslopes and bottom sediment, producing a suspension deposit that blanketed the lake bottom. Considering the magnitude and duration of the disturbances necessary to produce Bradley Lake's marine incursions, a local tsunami generated by a great earthquake on the Cascadia subduction zone is the only accountable mechanism. Extreme ocean levels must have been at least 5-8 m above sea level, and the cumulative duration of each marine incursion must have been at least 10 min. Disturbances without marine incursions require seismic shaking as well. Over the 4600 yr period when Bradley Lake was an optimum tsunami recorder, tsunamis from Cascadia plate-boundary earthquakes came in clusters. Between 4600 and 2800 cal yr B.P., tsunamis occurred at the average frequency of similar to 3-4 every 1000 yr. Then, starting similar to 2800 cal yr B.P., there was a 930-1260 yr interval with no tsunamis. That gap was followed by a similar to 1000 yr period with 4 tsunamis. In the last millennium, a 670-750 yr gap preceded the A.D. 1700 earthquake and tsunami. The A.D. 1700 earthquake may be the first of a new cluster of plate-boundary earthquakes and accompanying tsunamis. Local tsunamis entered Bradley Lake an average of every 390 yr, whereas the portion of the Cascadia plate boundary that underlies Bradley Lake ruptured in a great earthquake less frequently, about once every 500 yr. Therefore, the entire length of the subduction zone does not rupture in every earthquake, and Bradley Lake has recorded earthquakes caused by rupture along the entire length of the Cascadia plate boundary as well as earthquakes caused by rupture of shorter segments of the boundary. The tsunami record from Bradley Lake indicates that at times, most recently similar to 1700 yr B.P., overlapping or adjoining segments of the Cascadia plate boundary ruptured within decades of each other. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. William Lettis & Assoc Inc, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. RP Kelsey, HM (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM hmk1@humboldt.edu NR 73 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 4 U2 38 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 117 IS 7-8 BP 1009 EP 1032 DI 10.1130/B25452.1 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 938HS UT WOS:000229991100013 ER PT J AU Reheis, MC Reynolds, RL Goldstein, H Roberts, HM Yount, JC Axford, Y Cummings, LS Shearin, N AF Reheis, MC Reynolds, RL Goldstein, H Roberts, HM Yount, JC Axford, Y Cummings, LS Shearin, N TI Late Quaternary eolian and alluvial response to paleoclimate, Canyonlands, southeastern Utah SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Colorado Plateau; dunes; eolian dust; paleoclimate; paleosols; soil nutrients ID SOUTHERN COLORADO PLATEAU; SAN-JUAN MOUNTAINS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; DESERT SOILS; DUST; AGE; LUMINESCENCE; DEPOSITION; CALIFORNIA AB In upland areas of Canyonlands National Park, Utah, thin deposits and paleosols show late Quaternary episodes of eolian sedimentation, pedogenesis, and climate change. Interpretation of the stratigraphy and optically stimulated luminescence ages of eolian and nearby alluvial deposits, their pollen, and intercalated paleosols yields the following history: (1) Eolian deposition at ca. 46 ka, followed by several episodes of alluviation from some time before ca. 40 ka until after 16 ka (calibrated). (2) Eolian deposition from ca. 17 ka to 12 ka, interrupted by periods of pedogenesis, coinciding with late Pleistocene alluviation as local climate became warmer and wetter. (3) A wetter period from 12 to 8.5 ka corresponding to the peak of summer monsoon influence, during which soils formed relatively quickly by infiltration of eolian silt and clay, and trees and grasses were more abundant. (4) A drier period between ca. 8.5 and 6 ka during which sheetwash deposits accumulated and more desertlike vegetation was dominant; some dunes were reactivated at ca. 8 ka. (5) Episodic eolian and fluvial deposition during a wetter, cooler period that began at ca. 6 ka and ended by ca. 3-2 ka, followed by a shift to drier modern conditions; localized mobilization of dune sand has persisted to the present. These interpretations are similar to those of studies at the Chaco dune field, New Mexico, and the Tusayan dune field, Arizona, and are consistent with paleoclimate interpretations of pollen and packrat middens in the region. A period of rapid deposition and infiltration of eolian dust derived from distant igneous source terranes occurred between ca. 12 and 8 ka. Before ca. 17 ka, and apparently back to at least 45 ka, paleosols contain little or no such infiltrated dust. After ca. 8 ka, either the supply of dust was reduced or the more and climate inhibited translocation of dust into the soils. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Coll Wales, Inst Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, Dyfed, Wales. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Paleo Res Inst, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Bur Land Management, Monticello Field Off, Monticello, UT 84535 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS-980,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mreheis@usgs.gov RI Roberts, Helen/I-1041-2012; Axford, Yarrow/N-4151-2014; OI Roberts, Helen/0000-0001-9649-2377; Axford, Yarrow/0000-0002-8033-358X; Goldstein, Harland/0000-0002-6092-8818 NR 69 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 117 IS 7-8 BP 1051 EP 1069 DI 10.1130/B25631.1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 938HS UT WOS:000229991100015 ER PT J AU Fierstein, J Wilson, CJN AF Fierstein, J Wilson, CJN TI Assembling an ignimbrite: Compositionally defined eruptive packages in the 1912 Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes ignimbrite, Alaska SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Novarupta 1912 eruption; ignimbrite; Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes; Katmai; rhyolite; dacite; andesite ID KATMAI-NATIONAL-PARK; PLINIAN ERUPTIONS; MOUNT KATMAI; BISHOP TUFF; NOVARUPTA; STRATIGRAPHY; DEPOSITION; FLOW AB The 1912 Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS) ignimbrite was constructed from 9 compositionally distinct, sequentially emplaced packages, each with distinct proportions of rhyolite (R), dacite (D), and andesite (A) pumices that permit us to map package boundaries and flow paths from vent to distal extents. Changing pumice proportions and interbedding relationships link ignimbrite formation to coeval fall deposition during the first similar to 16 h (Episode 1) of the eruption. Pumice compositional proportions in the ignimbrite were estimated by counts on >= 100 lapilli at multiple levels in vertical sections wherever accessible and more widely over most of the ignimbrite surface in the VTTS. The initial, 100% rhyolite ignimbrite package (equivalent to regional fall Layer A and occupying similar to 3.5 h) was followed by packages with increasing proportions of andesite, then dacite, emplaced over similar to 12.5 h and equivalent to regional fall Layers B-1-B-3. Coeval fall deposits are locally intercalated with the ignimbrite and show parallel changes in R:D (rhyolite:dacite) proportions, but lack significant amounts of andesite. Andesite was thus dominantly a low-fountaining component in the eruption column and is preferentially represented in packages filling the VTTS north of the vent. The most extensive packages (3 and 4) occur in B, and early B 2 times where flow mobility and volume were optimized; earlier all-rhyolite flows (Package 1) were highly energetic but less voluminous, while later packages (5-9) were both less voluminous and emplaced at lower velocities. Package boundaries are expressed as one or more of the following: sharp color changes corresponding to compositional variations; persistent finer-grained basal parts of flow units; compaction swales tilled by later packages; erosional channels cut by the flows that fill them; lobate accumulations of one package; and (mostly south of the vent) intercalated fall deposit layers. Clear flow-unit boundaries are best developed between ignimbrite of non-successive packages, indicating time breaks of tens of minutes to hours. Less well-defined stratification may represent rapidly emplaced successive flow units but often changes over short distances and indicates variations in localized depositional conditions. C1 US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Inst Geol & Nucl Sci, Lower Hutt 6315, New Zealand. RP Fierstein, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jfierstn@usgs.gov RI Wilson, Colin/E-9457-2011 OI Wilson, Colin/0000-0001-7565-0743 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 117 IS 7-8 BP 1094 EP 1107 DI 10.1130/B25621.1 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 938HS UT WOS:000229991100018 ER PT J AU Burr, D AF Burr, D TI Clustered streamlined forms in Athabasca Valles, Mars: Evidence for sediment deposition during floodwater ponding SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mars; floods; bed forms; deposits; sedimentation ID CHANNELIZED WATER FLOWS; GLACIAL LAKE MISSOULA; CERBERUS FOSSAE; ALTAY MOUNTAINS; GROUNDWATER; ELYSIUM; FLOODS; LAVA; WASHINGTON; VOLCANISM AB A unique clustering of layered streamlined forms in Athabasca Valles is hypothesized to reflect a significant hydraulic event. The forms, interpreted as sedimentary, are attributed to extensive sediment deposition during ponding and then streamlining of this sediment behind flow obstacles during ponded water outflow. These streamlined forms are analogous to those found in depositional basins and other loci of ponding in terrestrial catastrophic flood landscapes. These terrestrial streamlined forms can provide the best opportunity for reconstructing the history of the terrestrial flooding. Likewise, the streamlined forms in Athabasca Valles may provide the best opportunity to reconstruct the recent geologic history of this young Martian outflow channel. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Burr, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dmburr@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUL PY 2005 VL 69 IS 1-4 BP 242 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.01.009 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 951FX UT WOS:000230915900016 ER PT J AU Wang, GC Zhang, ZC Wang, M Cravotta, CA Liu, CL AF Wang, GC Zhang, ZC Wang, M Cravotta, CA Liu, CL TI Implications of ground water chemistry and flow patterns for earthquake studies SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID PINGDINGSHAN COALFIELD; PROPAGATION AB Ground water can facilitate earthquake development and respond physically and chemically to tectonism. Thus, an understanding of ground water circulation in seismically active regions is important for earthquake prediction. To investigate the roles of ground water in the development and prediction of earthquakes, geological and hydrogeological monitoring was conducted in a seisinocyenic area in the Yanhuai Basin, China. This study used isotopic and hydrogeochemical methods to characterize ground water samples from six hot springs and two cold springs. The hydrochemical data and associated geological and geophysical data were used to identify possible relations between ground water circulation and seismically active structural features. The data for delta O-18, delta D, tritium, and C-14 indicate ground water from hot springs is of meteoric origin with subsurface residence times of 50 to 30,320 years. The reservoir temperature and circulation depths of the hot ground water are 57 degrees C to 160 degrees C and 1600 to 5000 m, respectively, as estimated by quartz and chalcedony geothermometers and the geothermal gradient.Various possible origins of noble gases dissolved in the ground water also were evaluated, indicating mantle and deep crust sources consistent with tectonically active segments. A hard intercalated stratum, where small to moderate earthquakes frequently originate, is present between a deep (10 to 20 km), high-electrical conductivity layer and the zone of active ground water circulation. The ground water anomalies are closely related to the structural peculiarity of each monitoring point. These results could have implications for ground water and seismic studies in other seismogenic areas. C1 China Seismol Bur, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. China Geol Survey, Beijing 100035, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Wang, GC (reprint author), China Seismol Bur, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM wanggc@pku.edu.cn NR 30 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 478 EP 484 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 943DB UT WOS:000230331200005 ER PT J AU Izbicki, JA Christensen, AH Newhouse, MV Smith, GA Hanson, RT AF Izbicki, JA Christensen, AH Newhouse, MV Smith, GA Hanson, RT TI Temporal changes in the vertical distribution of flow and chloride in deep wells SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID FLOWMETER; AQUIFER; LOGS; CONDUCTIVITY; TESTS; WATER AB The combination of flowmeter and depth-dependent water-quality data was used to evaluate the quantity and source of high-chloride water yielded from different depths to eight production wells in the Pleasant Valley area of southern California. The wells were screened from 117 to 437 m below land surface, and in most cases, flow from the aquifer into the wells was not uniformly distributed throughout the well screen. Wells having as little as 6 m of screen in the overlying upper aquifer system yielded as, much as 50% of their water from the upper system during drought periods, while the deeper parts of the well screens yielded 15% or less of the total yield of the wells. Mixing of water within wells during pumping degraded higher-quality water with poorer-quality water from deeper depths, and in some cases with poorer-quality water from the overlying upper aquifer system. Changes in the mixture of water within a well, resulting from changes in the distribution of flow into the well, changed the quality of water from the surface discharge of wells over time. The combination of flowmeter and depth-dependent water quality data yielded information about sources of high-chloride water to wells that was not available on the basis of samples collected from nearby observation wells. Changing well design to eliminate small quantities of poor-quality water from deeper parts of the well may improve the quality of water from some wells without greatly reducing well yield. C1 US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Izbicki, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5735 Kearny Villa Rd,Suite 0, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM jaizbick@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 531 EP 544 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0032.x PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 943DB UT WOS:000230331200011 PM 16029179 ER PT J AU Burow, KR Constantz, J Fujii, R AF Burow, KR Constantz, J Fujii, R TI Heat as a tracer to estimate dissolved organic carbon flux from a restored wetland SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING GROUNDWATER EXCHANGE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE PROFILES; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; STABLE-ISOTOPES; TIME-SERIES; WATER; PEAT AB Heat was used as a natural tracer to characterize shallow ground water flow beneath a complex wetland system. Hydrogeologic data were combined with measured vertical temperature profiles to constrain a series of two-dimensional, transient simulations of ground water flow and heat transport using the model code SUTRA (Voss 1990). The measured seasonal temperature signal reached depths of 2.7 m beneath the pond. Hydraulic conductivity was varied in each of the layers in the model in a systematic manual calibration of the two-dimensional.model to obtain the best fit to the measured temperature and hydraulic head. Results of a series of representative best-fit simulations represent a range in hydraulic conductivity values that had the best agreement between simulated and observed temperatures and that resulted in simulated pond seepage values within 1 order of magnitude of pond seepage estimated from the water budget. Resulting estimates of ground water discharge to an adjacent agricultural drainage ditch were used to estimate potential dissolved organic carbon (DOC) loads resulting from the restored wetland. Estimated DOC loads ranged from 45 to 1340 g C/(m(2) year), which is higher than estimated DOC loads from surface water. In spite of the complexity in characterizing ground water flow in peat soils, using heat as a tracer provided a constrained estimate of subsurface flow from the pond to the agricultural drainage ditch. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Burow, KR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM krburow@usgs.gov NR 66 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 545 EP 556 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0055.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 943DB UT WOS:000230331200012 PM 16029180 ER PT J AU Sterling, SN Parker, BL Cherry, JA Williams, JH Lane, JW Haeni, FP AF Sterling, SN Parker, BL Cherry, JA Williams, JH Lane, JW Haeni, FP TI Vertical cross contamination of trichloroethylene in a borehole in fractured sandstone SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID GEOLOGIC MEDIA; SOIL SAMPLES; FLOW; GC AB Boreholes drilled through contaminated zones in fractured rock create the potential for vertical movement of contaminated ground water between fractures. The usual assumption is that purging eliminates cross contamination; however, the results of a field study conducted in a trichloroethylene (TCE) plume in fractured sandstone with a mean matrix porosity of 13% demonstrates that matrix-diffusion effects can be strong and persistent. A deep borehole was drilled to 110 m below ground surface (mbgs) near a shallow bedrock well containing high TCE concentrations. The borehole was cored continuously to collect closely spaced samples of rock for analysis of TCE concentrations. Geophysical logging and flowmetering were conducted in the open borehole, and a removable multilevel monitoring system was installed to provide hydraulic-head and ground water samples from discrete fracture zones. The borehole was later reamed to complete a well screened from 89 to 100 mbgs; persistent TCE concentrations at this depth ranged from 2100 to 33,000 mu g/L. Rock-core analyses, combined with the other types of borehole information, show that nearly all of this deep contamination was due to the lingering effects of the downward flow of dissolved TCE from shallower depths during the few days of open-hole conditions that existed prior to installation of the multilevel system. This study demonstrates that transfer of contaminant mass to the matrix by diffusion can cause severe cross contamination effects in sedimentary rocks, but these effects generally are not identified from information normally obtained in fractured-rock investigations, resulting in potential misinterpretation of site conditions. C1 USGS, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USGS, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USGS, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Parker, BL (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, 200 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM blparker@uwaterloo.ca NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 557 EP 573 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0087.x PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 943DB UT WOS:000230331200013 PM 16029181 ER PT J AU Moran, MJ Zogorski, JS Squillace, PJ AF Moran, MJ Zogorski, JS Squillace, PJ TI MTBE and gasoline hydrocarbons in ground water of the United States SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Review ID TERTIARY-BUTYL-ETHER; HEATING OIL; RATS AB The occurrence of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and gasoline hydrocarbons was examined in three types of studies of ground water conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey: major aquifer surveys, urban land-use studies, and agricultural land-use studies. The detection frequency of MTBE was dependent on the study type, with the highest detection frequency in urban land-use studies. Only 13 ground water samples from all study types, or 0.3%, had concentrations of MTBE that exceeded the lower limit of the U.S. EPA's Drinking-Water Advisory. The detection frequency of MTBE was highest in monitoring wells located in urban areas and in public supply wells. The detection frequency of any gasoline hydrocarbon also was dependent on study type and generally was less than the detection frequency of MTBE. The probability of detecting MTBE in ground water was strongly associated with population density, use of MTBE in gasoline, and recharge. Ground water in areas with high population density, in areas where MTBE is used as a gasoline oxygenate, and in areas with high recharge rates had a greater probability of MTBE occurrence. Also, ground water from public supply wells and shallow ground water underlying urban land-use areas had a greater probability of MTBE occurrence compared to ground water from domestic wells and ground water underlying rural land-use areas. The probability of detecting MTBE in ground water was weakly associated with the density of leaking underground storage tanks, soil permeability, and aquifer consolidation, and only concentrations of MTBE > 0.5 mu g/L were associated with dissolved oxygen. C1 US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Moran, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1608 Mt View Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM mjmoran@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 615 EP 627 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0113.x PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 943DB UT WOS:000230331200019 PM 16029187 ER PT J AU Katzner, TE Bragin, EA Knick, ST Smith, AT AF Katzner, TE Bragin, EA Knick, ST Smith, AT TI Relationship between demographics and diet specificity of Imperial Eagles Aquila heliaca in Kazakhstan SO IBIS LA English DT Article ID HABITAT HETEROGENEITY; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; DEPENDENT REGULATION; GOLDEN EAGLES; PREY REMAINS; CLUTCH SIZE; FOOD-HABITS; DENSITY; POPULATION; SPECIALIZATION AB The demographic consequences of within-population variability in predator foraging are not well understood. We assessed the relationship between the degree of diet specialization and two demographic parameters, population density and reproductive output, within a single population of Imperial Eagles Aquila heliaca at a nature reserve in north-central Kazakhstan. Nearest-neighbour distances between eagle nests throughout the reserve, and thus population density, were correlated with the degree to which diets were specialized. Diet diversity showed an extensive regional variability that was linked to prey distributions, but within-year analyses of reproductive output did not show similar linkages. However, multi-year analyses of breeding performance showed inter-regional differences in nesting success that were paralleled, and probably driven by, similar trends in diet diversity. In contrast, brood size at fledging was not linked to diet diversity and was more probably driven by reserve-wide influences such as weather. Finally, the decision to initiate breeding was associated neither with diet diversity nor with environmental variability. Our results indicate that the degree of dietary specialization is linked to the demographics of Imperial Eagle populations. For these and other raptor populations, it is possible that management could be used separately to increase or decrease nesting success, brood size at fledging, and the likelihood that a pair will initiate breeding. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Naurzum Natl Nat Reserve, Dept Sci, Dokuchaevka 459730, Kustanay Oblast, Kazakhstan. USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Katzner, TE (reprint author), Natl Aviary, Conservat & Field Res Program, Allegheny Commons W, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA. EM todd.katzner@aviary.org OI Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 NR 52 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JUL PY 2005 VL 147 IS 3 BP 576 EP 586 DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2005.00443.x PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 942OQ UT WOS:000230292100014 ER PT J AU Van-Afferden, M Hansen, A Fuller, CH AF Van-Afferden, M Hansen, A Fuller, CH TI Reconstruction of historical atmospheric deposition of DDT in the Zempoala Lagoon, in the center of Mexico. SO INGENIERIA HIDRAULICA EN MEXICO LA Spanish DT Article DE DDT; sediment core; deposition; dating; Cs-137; Pb-210 ID PB-210; CS-137; CHRONOLOGY AB Historical trend in deposition of DDT and its metabolites has been reconstructed by analyzing sediment cores of the Zernpoala Lagoon, in the center of Mexico. The small watershed of this mountain lagoon is closed, and it is located between 2.800 and 3.700 mast. It is neither affected by agriculture nor by permanent populations. The Zempoala Lagoon has an average depth of 3,9 m and a maximum depth of 8.8 m. Sediments were extracted with a core sampler and analyzed by Isotope methods (Cs-137 and Pb-210) for dating. Average sedimentation rate was determined in 0.129 g cm(-2) yr(-1), corresponding to a maximum age of the 44 cm core of approximately 60 years. The first presence of total-DDT occurs in a depth between 28 and 32 cm of the sediment profile, corresponding to the 1960's, with a concentration of 5.3 mu g kg(-1). The maximum concentration of total-DDT (13.0 mu g kg(-1)) occurs in sediment layers representing the late 1970's and beginning 1980's. More recently the concentration decreases towards the present concentration of 1.6 mu g kg(-1). This concentration is below most DDT levels reported in recent sediment studies in the USA. The results indicate that the Zempoala Lagoon represents a natural recipient for studies of the reconstruction of historical trends of atmospheric contaminant deposition in this region. The limitations of the methodology applied, due to the influence of biodegradation on the definition of correct historical concentrations of DDT depositions, are demonstrated. C1 Inst Mexicano Tecnol Agua, Jiutepec 62550, Morelos, Mexico. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Van-Afferden, M (reprint author), Inst Mexicano Tecnol Agua, Paseo Cuauhnahuac 8532,Colonia Progreso, Jiutepec 62550, Morelos, Mexico. EM afferden@tlaloc.imta.mx; anisen@tlaloc.imta.mx; ccfuller@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU INSTITUTO MEXICANO TECHNOLOGIAAGUA PI MORELOS PA APARTADO POSTAL 202, MORELOS 62550 CIVAC, MEXICO SN 0186-4076 J9 ING HIDRAUL MEX JI Ing. Hidraul. Mex. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 71 EP 83 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 952AL UT WOS:000230973400007 ER PT J AU Winger, PV Lasier, PJ Augspurger, T AF Winger, Parley V. Lasier, Peter J. Augspurger, Tom TI Potential Impact of Dare County Landfills on Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Sediment; Porewater; Bioaccumulation; Toxicity; Landfill leachate AB Runoff of leachate from East Lake and Dare County Construction and Demolition Debris landfills has the potential to impact wildlife resources at Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, Dare and Hyde Counties, North Carolina. Sediment quality of samples collected in August 2000 at 14 locations down-gradient from the landfills was assessed by measuring metal and organic contaminants in the sediments, chronic toxicity of solid-phase sediment (28-d static-renewal exposures; survival and growth as test endpoints) and acute toxicity of sediment porewater (96-h static exposures) to Hyalella azteca (Crustacea: Amphipoda). In addition, contaminant bioaccumulation from 4 sediments was determined using 28-d exposures of Lumbriculus variegatus (freshwater oligochaete). Although survival was not impaired, length of H. azteca was significantly reduced in sediments from 5 locations. Pore water from 4 locations was acutely toxic to H. azteca. Metals and a few polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were bioaccumulated by L. variegatus from the sediments. Several metals and PAHs exceeded sediment quality guidelines, and metals in porewater from several sites exceeded water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic wildlife. Runoff of leachate from the landfills has reduced sediment quality and has the potential to adversely affect wildlife resources at Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge. C1 [Winger, Parley V.; Lasier, Peter J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Augspurger, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Winger, PV (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM parley_winger@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [41630-0-N082]; Division of Environmental Quality [200040002.1] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under Intra-Agency Agreement Number 41630-0-N082 and Division of Environmental Quality Study Identifier 200040002.1. The authors wish to acknowledge Charles Mathis who assisted with sample collection. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 1 IS 3 BP 267 EP 282 DI 10.1897/2004-004R.1 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WQ UT WOS:000209711900007 PM 16639888 ER PT J AU Savarie, PJ Wood, WS Rodda, GH Bruggers, RL Engeman, RM AF Savarie, PJ Wood, WS Rodda, GH Bruggers, RL Engeman, RM TI Effectiveness of methyl bromide as a cargo fumigant for brown treesnakes SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Boiga irregularis; brown treesnake; fumigation; Guam; integrated pest management; invasive species; methyl bromide; snake control; quarantine ID SNAKE BOIGA-IRREGULARIS; GUAM AB The effectiveness of methyl bromide as a fumigant for brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) management was evaluated on Guam. Eighteen snakes in secured cloth bags were randomly positioned in a 47.7-m(3) tarpaulin-covered cargo container for each fumigation treatment. Methyl bromide treatments tested were: 24 g m(-3) and and 12 g m(-3), both for 2-h and 1-h exposures. All treatments, except for 12 g m(-3) for 1 h, resulted in 100% mortality. Two-hour exposures to methyl bromide at 24 and 12 g m(-3) appear to be effective in killing brown treesnakes within reasonable time-frames for shippers under Guam field conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USGS, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Savarie, PJ (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM peter.j.savarie@aphis.usda.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 56 IS 1 BP 40 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.ibiod.2005.04.001 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 956QX UT WOS:000231316000006 ER PT J AU Reynolds, AC Betancourt, JL Quade, J Patchett, PJ Dean, JS Stein, J AF Reynolds, AC Betancourt, JL Quade, J Patchett, PJ Dean, JS Stein, J TI Sr-87/Sr-86 sourcing of ponderosa pine used in Anasazi great house construction at Chaco Canyon, New Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE provenance; botanical; strontium isotopes; architectural timber; Chaco Canyon; San Juan Basin; Southwestern USA ID SOUTHWEST UNITED-STATES; STRONTIUM ISOTOPES; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; CALCIUM; RATIOS; TREES; TRANSPORT; IMPACT; SOILS; DUST AB Previous analysis of Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios shows that 10th through 12th century Chaco Canyon was provisioned with plant materials that came from more than 75 kin away. This includes (1) corn (Zea mays) grownon the eastern flanks of the Chuska Mountains and floodplain of the San Juan River to the west and north, and (2) spruce (Picea sp.) and fir (Abies sp.) beams from the crest of the Chuska and San Mateo Mountains to the west and south. Here, we extend Sr-87/Sr-86 analysis to ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) prevalent in the architectural timber at three of the Chacoan great houses (Pueblo Bonito, Chetro Ketl, Pueblo del Arroyo). Like the architectural spruce and fir, much of the ponderosa matches the Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios of living trees in the Chuska Mountains. Many of the architectural ponderosa, however, have similar ratios to living trees in the La Plata and San Juan Mountains to the north and Lobo Mesa/Hosta Butte to the south. There are no systematic patterns in spruce/fir or ponderosa provenance by great house or time, suggesting the use of stockpiles from a few preferred sources. The multiple and distant sources for food and timber, now based on hundreds of isotopic values from modern and archeological samples, confirm conventional wisdom about the geographic scope of the larger Chacoan system. The complexity of this procurement warns against simple generalizations based on just one species, a single class of botanical artifact, or a few isotopic values. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Chaco Protect Site Program, Navajo Nation, Gallup, NM 87301 USA. RP Reynolds, AC (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM reynolds@geo.arizona.edu NR 37 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1061 EP 1075 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2005.01.016 PG 15 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 936UC UT WOS:000229879900010 ER PT J AU Elko, NA Holman, RA Gelfenbaum, G AF Elko, NA Holman, RA Gelfenbaum, G TI Quantifying the rapid evolution of a nourishment project with video imagery SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE beach erosion; longshore transport; planform spreading; Upham Beach; Florida; El Nino ID BEACH-NOURISHMENT; MODELS AB Spatially and temporally high-resolution video imagery was combined with traditional surveyed beach profiles to investigate the evolution of a rapidly eroding beach nourishment project. Upham Beach is a 0.6-km beach located downdrift of a structured inlet on the west coast of Florida. The beach was stabilized in seaward advanced position during the 1960s and has been nourished every 4-5 years since 1975. During the 1996 nourishment project, 193,000 m(3) of sediment advanced the shoreline as much as 175 in. Video images were collected concurrent with traditional surveys during the 1996 nourishment project to test video imaging as a nourishment monitoring technique. Video imagery illustrated morphologic changes that were unapparent in survey data. Increased storminess during the second (El Nino) winter after the 1996 project resulted in increased erosion rates of 0.4 m/d (135.0 m/y) as compared with 0.2 m/d (69.4 m/y) during the first winter. The measured half-life, the time at which 50% of the nourished material remains, of the nourishment project was 0.94 years. A simple analytical equation indicates reasonable agreement with the measured values, suggesting that project evolution follows a predictable pattern of exponential decay. Long-shore planform equilibration does not occur on Upham Beach, rather sediment diffuses downdrift until 100% of the nourished material erodes. The wide nourished beach erodes rapidly due to the lack of sediment bypassing from the north and the stabilized headland at Upham Beach that is exposed to wave energy. C1 Pinellas Cty Dept Environm Management, Clearwater, FL 33756 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Elko, NA (reprint author), Pinellas Cty Dept Environm Management, 512 S Ft Harrison Ave, Clearwater, FL 33756 USA. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 633 EP 645 DI 10.2112/04-0280.1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 950HS UT WOS:000230848800001 ER PT J AU Morton, RA Miller, T Moore, L AF Morton, RA Miller, T Moore, L TI Historical shoreline changes along the US Gulf of Mexico: A summary of recent shoreline comparisons and analyses SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coastal erosion; shoreline change rates; beach nourishment; mean high water line AB The US Geological Survey is systematically analyzing historical shoreline changes along open-ocean sandy shores of the United States. This National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project is developing standard repeatable methods for mapping and analyzing shoreline movement so that internally consistent updates can periodically be made to record coastal erosion and land loss along US shores. Recently, shoreline change maps and a report were published for states bordering the Gulf of Mexico. Long-term and short-term average rates of change were calculated by comparing three historical shorelines (1800s, 1930s, 1970s) with an operational mean high water shoreline derived from lidar (light detection and ranging) surveys (post-1998). The rates of change, statistical uncertainties, original shorelines, and complementary geographic information system layers, such as areas of beach nourishment, are available on an Internet Map Server (IMS). For the Gulf of Mexico region, rates of erosion are generally highest in Louisiana along barrier island and headland shores associated with the Mississippi delta. Erosion also is rapid along some barrier islands and headlands in Texas, whereas barrier islands in Mississippi are migrating laterally. Highest rates of erosion in Florida are generally localized around tidal inlets. The most stable Gulf beaches generally are along the west coast of Florida, where low wave energy and frequent beach nourishment minimize erosion. Some long beach segments in Texas have accreted as a result of net longshore drift convergence and around tidal inlets that have been stabilized by long jetties. Individuals and some communities have attempted to mitigate the effects of erosion by emplacement of coastal structures, but those efforts largely have been abandoned in favor of periodic beach nourishment. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. ETI Profess Inc, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Oberlin Coll, Dept Geol, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. RP Morton, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Coastal & Watershed Studies, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM rmorton@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 16 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 704 EP 709 DI 10.2112/04-0230.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 950HS UT WOS:000230848800007 ER PT J AU Uncles, RJ Smith, RE AF Uncles, RJ Smith, RE TI A note on the comparative turbidity of some estuaries of the Americas SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the Regional Estuarine and Coastal Systems of the Americas (RECSA) CY 2001 CL Mar del Plata, ARGENTINA SP Int Assoc Phys Sci Oceans, Int Assoc Biol Oceanog DE estuarine turbidity; suspended sediment concentrations; suspended particulate matter; turbidity maximum; estuarine sedimentation; sediment movement; estuarine classification; North America; South America ID FRASER-RIVER; CANADA AB Field data from 27 estuaries of the Americas are used to show that, in broad terms, there is a large difference in turbidity between the analyzed east and west-coast estuaries and that tidal range and tidal length have an important influence on that turbidity. Generic, numerical sediment-tran sport modeling is used to illustrate this influence, which exists over a range of space scales from, e.g, the Rogue River Estuary (few km, few mg l(-1)) to the Bay of Fundy (hundreds of km, few g l(-1)). The difference in Pacific and Atlantic seaboard estuarine turbidity for the analyzed estuaries is ultimately related to the broad-scale geomorphology of the two continents. C1 Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. US Geol Survey, Water Resources Dept, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Uncles, RJ (reprint author), Plymouth Marine Lab, Prospect Pl, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 845 EP 852 DI 10.2112/016-NIS.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 950HS UT WOS:000230848800021 ER PT J AU Wildhaber, ML Papoulias, DM DeLonay, AJ Tillitt, DE Bryan, JL Annis, ML Allert, JA AF Wildhaber, ML Papoulias, DM DeLonay, AJ Tillitt, DE Bryan, JL Annis, ML Allert, JA TI Gender identification of shovelnose sturgeon using ultrasonic and endoscopic imagery and the application of the method to the pallid sturgeon SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endoscope; Missouri River; pallid; reproductive stage; shovelnose; sturgeon; ultrasound ID THREATENED FISHES; DETERMINE SEX; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; MATURITY AB Monthly sampling of shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, a biological surrogate for the endangered pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus, was conducted to develop a multiseasonal profile of reproductive stages. Data collected included histological characteristics of gonads from wild caught fish and laboratory and field ultrasonic and endoscopic images. These data were used to compare effectiveness of ultrasonic and endoscopic techniques at identifying gender of adult shovelnose sturgeon at different reproductive stages. The least invasive method (i.e. ultrasound) was least effective while the most invasive (i.e. endoscope through an abdominal incision) was the most effective at identifying shovelnose sturgeon gender. In most cases, success rate for identifying males was greater than females. with success at identifying both genders greater in more advanced reproductive stages. Concomitantly, for most months average reproductive stage was more advanced for males than females. April and May were the months with the most advanced reproductive stage, and were the months when ultrasound was most effective. Methods were also applied in the Upper Missouri River to validate their use on pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus albus. Ultrasound was successful at identifying pallid sturgeon gender, however, endoscopic examination through the urogenital duct was only successful at identifying pallid sturgeon gender when the urogenital duct was not opaque. (c) 2005 The Fisheries Society of the British Isies (No claim to original US government works) C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Wildhaber, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM mwildhaber@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 67 IS 1 BP 114 EP 132 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2005.00719.x PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 946OL UT WOS:000230581700008 ER PT J AU Yin, ZY Ren, H Zhang, QM Peng, SL Guo, QF Zhou, GY AF Yin, ZY Ren, H Zhang, QM Peng, SL Guo, QF Zhou, GY TI Species abundance in a forest community in south China: A case of poisson lognormal distribution SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve; forest community; maximum likelihood estimate (MLE); reverse J-shaped curve; species abundance distribution (SAD); value-trying method; zero-truncated Poisson lognormal (PLN) distribution ID NEUTRAL THEORY; AREA RELATIONS; CANONICAL DISTRIBUTION; PLANT COMMUNITIES; TROPICAL FORESTS; DIVERSITY; MODELS; BIODIVERSITY; DISTURBANCE; ECOLOGY AB Case studies on Poisson lognormal distribution of species abundance have been rare, especially in forest communities. We propose a numerical method to fit the Poisson lognormal to the species abundance data at an evergreen mixed forest in the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, South China. Plants in the tree, shrub and herb layers in 25 quadrats of 20 mx 20 m, 5 mx 5 m, and 1 mx 1 m were surveyed. Results indicated that: (i) for each layer, the observed species abundance with a similarly small median, mode, and a variance larger than the mean was reverse J-shaped and followed well the zero-truncated Poisson lognormal; (ii) the coefficient of variation, skewness and kurtosis of abundance, and two Poisson lognormal parameters (sigma and mu) for shrub layer were closer to those for the herb layer than those for the tree layer; and (iii) from the tree to the shrub to the herb layer, the sigma and the coefficient of variation decreased, whereas diversity increased. We suggest that: (i) the species abundance distributions in the three layers reflects the overall community characteristics; (ii) the Poisson lognormal can describe the species abundance distribution in diverse communities with a few abundant species but many rare species; and (iii) 1/sigma should be an alternative measure of diversity. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. Guangdong Forest Res Inst, Guangzhou 510520, Guangdong, Peoples R China. Zhongshan Univ, Sch Life Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. EM renhai@scib.ac.cn RI Guo, Qinfeng/A-8034-2009 NR 62 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1672-9072 EI 1744-7909 J9 J INTEGR PLANT BIOL JI J. Integr. Plant Biol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 47 IS 7 BP 801 EP 810 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2005.00095.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 942OA UT WOS:000230290500004 ER PT J AU Jittinandana, S Kenney, PB Mazik, PM Danley, M Nelson, CD Kiser, RA Hankins, JA AF Jittinandana, S Kenney, PB Mazik, PM Danley, M Nelson, CD Kiser, RA Hankins, JA TI Transport and stunning affect quality of arctic char fillets SO JOURNAL OF MUSCLE FOODS LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; RIGOR-MORTIS; RAINBOW-TROUT; HANDLING STRESS; CROWDING STRESS; WHITE MUSCLE; MEAT QUALITY; FISH; SLAUGHTER AB Arctic char transport was conducted using AQUI-S, gas carbon dioxide (CO2), ice slurry or water for 5.5 h followed by CO2 or by percussive stunning. The treatment without transport represented the control. At harvest and at 24-h postmortem,, transport in an ice slurry followed by percussive stunning resulted in the highest muscle pH; CO2 stunning reduced muscle pH regardless of transport treatment. At 24-h postmortem, the control treatment resulted in the firmest cooked products, while other transport conditions did not affect texture. Stunning with CO2 produced a firmer texture compared with percussive stunning for cooked products derived from 24-h and 4-day postmortem refrigerated fillets. The transport treatment and the stunning method did not affect the muscle pH after a 4-day storage at 3C. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, BRD, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Conservat Fund, Inst Freshwater, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Kenney, PB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM bkenney@wvu.edu NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1046-0756 J9 J MUSCLE FOODS JI J. Muscle Foods PD JUL PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 BP 274 EP 288 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4573.2005.09304.x PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 945GC UT WOS:000230490000008 ER PT J AU Cohen, AS Palacios-Fest, MR McGill, J Swarzenski, PW Verschuren, D Sinyinza, R Songori, T Kakagozo, B Syampila, M O'Reilly, CM Alin, SR AF Cohen, AS Palacios-Fest, MR McGill, J Swarzenski, PW Verschuren, D Sinyinza, R Songori, T Kakagozo, B Syampila, M O'Reilly, CM Alin, SR TI Paleolimnological investigations of anthropogenic environmental change in Lake Tanganyika: I. An introduction to the project SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deforestation; East Africa; Lake Tanganyika; Late Holocene; soil erosion; sediment pollution ID EAST-AFRICA; SUBFOSSIL CHIRONOMIDAE; SEDIMENT LOADS; LAND-USE; VEGETATION; HISTORY; IMPACT; BASIN; BIODIVERSITY; PALEOECOLOGY AB We investigated paleolimnological records from a series of river deltas around the northeastern rim of Lake Tanganyika, East Africa (Tanzania and Burundi) in order to understand the history of anthropogenic activity in the lake's catchment over the last several centuries, and to determine the impact of these activities on the biodiversity of littoral and sublittoral lake communities. Sediment pollution caused by increased rates of soil erosion in deforested watersheds has caused significant changes in aquatic communities along much of the lake's shoreline. We analyzed the effects of sediment discharge on biodiversity around six deltas or delta complexes on the east coast of Lake Tanganyika: the Lubulungu River delta, Kabesi River delta, Nyasanga/Kahama River deltas, and Mwamgongo River delta in Tanzania; and the Nyamuseni River delta and Karonge/Kirasa River deltas in Burundi. Collectively, these deltas and their associated rivers were chosen to represent a spectrum of drainage-basin sizes and disturbance levels. By comparing deltas that are similar in watershed attributes (other than disturbance levels), our goal was to explore a series of historical "experiments" at the watershed scale, with which we could more clearly evaluate hypotheses of land use or other effects on nearshore ecosystems. Here we discuss these deltas, their geologic and physiographic characteristics, and the field procedures used for coring and sampling the deltas, and various indicators of anthropogenic impact. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Terra Nostra, Tucson, AZ 85741 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. State Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Res Grp Limnol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Dept Fisheries, Mpulungu, Zambia. Minist Geol & Mines, Bujumbura, Burundi. Ctr Rech Hydrol, Bujumbura, Burundi. Vassar Coll, Dept Biol, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cohen, AS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM acohen@geo.arizona.edu NR 49 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s10933-005-2392-6 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 931SC UT WOS:000229504500001 ER PT J AU Maldonado, A Betancourt, JL Latorre, C Villagran, C AF Maldonado, A Betancourt, JL Latorre, C Villagran, C TI Pollen analyses from a 50 000-yr rodent midden series in the southern Atacama Desert (25 degrees 30 ' S) SO JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Current Advances in Annual Band Studies and to Share Approaches and Techniques Applied to the Different Archives CY JAN, 2004 CL Univ Wales, Bangor, WALES HO Univ Wales DE fossil rodent middens; pollen; southern westerlies; tropical easterlies; absolute desert; Atacama Desert; northern Chile ID CHILEAN LAKE DISTRICT; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; LATE QUATERNARY VEGETATION; SALAR-DE-ATACAMA; NORTHERN CHILE; BOLIVIAN ALTIPLANO; ISLA GRANDE; LAT 22-DEGREES-24-DEGREES-S; LLANQUIHUE GLACIATION; LATE PLEISTOCENE AB Precipitation in northern Chile is controlled by two great wind belts-the southern westerlies over the southern Atacama and points south (>24 degrees S) and the tropical easterlies over the northern and central Atacama Desert (16-24 degrees S). At the intersection of these summer and winter rainfall regimes, respectively, is a Mars-like landscape consisting of expansive surfaces devoid of vegetation (i.e. absolute desert) except in canyons that originate high enough to experience runoff once every few years. Pollen assemblages from 39 fossil rodent middens in one of these canyons, Quebrada del Chaco (25 degrees 30' S), were used to infer the history of vegetation and precipitation at three elevations (2670-2800 m; 3100-3200 m; 3450-3500 m) over the past 50 000 years. When compared to modern conditions and fossil records to the north and south, the pollen evidence indicates more winter precipitation at >52, 40-33, 24-17 k cal. yr BP, more precipitation in both seasons at 1714 k cal. yr BP, and more summer precipitation from 14-11 k cal. yr BP. Younger middens are scarce at Quebrada del Chaco, and the few Holocene samples indicate hyperarid conditions comparable to today. The only exception is a pollen assemblage that indicates a brief but significant interlude of increased winter precipitation in the last millennium. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. Univ La Serena, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol, CEAZA, La Serena, Chile. Catholic Univ Chile, CASEB Dept Ecol, Santiago, Chile. Univ Chile, Dept Ciencias Ecol, Lab Sistemat & Ecol Vegetal, Santiago, Chile. RP Betancourt, JL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, 1675 W Anklam Rd, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. EM jlbetanc@usgs.gov RI Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/E-6805-2012; Maldonado, Antonio/D-7568-2013 OI Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/0000-0003-4708-7599; NR 66 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 23 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0267-8179 J9 J QUATERNARY SCI JI J. Quat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 20 IS 5 BP 493 EP 507 DI 10.1002/jqs.936 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 952RP UT WOS:000231023500009 ER PT J AU Macquaker, JHS Keller, MA AF Macquaker, JHS Keller, MA TI Mudstone sedimentation at high latitudes: Ice as a transport medium for mud and supplier of nutrients SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOTTOM WATER PRODUCTION; SEA-ICE; ARCTIC-OCEAN; BARENTS-SEA; MARINE SEDIMENTATION; LAMINATED SEDIMENTS; PARTICULATE MATTER; KIMMERIDGE CLAY; BEAUFORT SEA; PACK ICE AB Controls on mudstone deposition at high latitudes are poorly known relative to low latitudes. In recent sediments deposited in these environments, ice significantly influences sediment transport and primary productivity. The products of ice transport are relatively well known in glacimarine settings, but are less well known from below melting sea ice. This latter setting is significant as today it is associated with high primary organic productivity. The aim of this study is to assess how sea ice might have controlled lithofacies variability and organic-matter distribution and preservation in an ancient marine, siliciclastic mudstone-dominated succession deposited at high latitudes. Combined sedimentary logging, optical and electron optical (back-scattered electron imagery), geochemical, and isotopic methods were used to determine sample variability in forty-five samples collected from the Lower Cretaceous succession in the Mikkelsen Bay State #1 borehole (North Slope, Alaska). The succession overall fines upward and contains muddy sandstones and sand- and silt-bearing, clay-rich mudstones towards its base in contrast to clay-rich and clay-dominated mudstones towards its top. Some of the mudstone units exhibit thin (< 5 mm), relic-beds that fine upward weakly. In some units small (0.5 mm), bed-parallel silt-filled microburrows disrupt depositional laminae whereas in others pervasive burrowing completely obliterates original depositional textures. Many of the units are pelleted. These mudstones are unusual in that they contain minor but very striking outsize grains, composed of subrounded to rounded sand and granule-size material. In addition, they are good petroleum source rocks, with between 2.8 and 5.9 wt % total organic carbon, of predominantly Type II kerogen. The organic matter has an isotopic signature ranging from -25.4 parts per thousand delta(13)C to -28.1 parts per thousand delta(13)C. Thin tuffs (< 20 mm) and carbonate-cemented units are also present. Given the absence of significant polar ice in the Early Cretaceous the outsized grains are interpreted to have been deposited from a combination of melting, dirty anchor, and fast ice. The mud fraction, which forms the bulk of the sediment, is interpreted to have been deposited from melting, sediment-laden frazil ice, and fast ice. After deposition sediments were partially reworked by bottom currents generated by brine rejection during sea ice formation. Sympagic organisms, grazing on algae and bacteria both within and below the ice, pelleted the sediment. Bioturbation, which varies through the succession, indicates that sedimentation probably occurred beneath a predominantly oxic or dysoxic water column. In this setting productivity was fueled by nutrients released from melting sea ice in the marginal ice zone. The good petroleum source potential of these mudstones is attributed to high organic productivity coupled to episodic and rapid sedimentation rather than existence of bottom-water anoxia linked to upwelling. Because sea-ice rafting was probably the dominant sediment transport mechanism it is not appropriate to use sequence stratigraphic methodology to predict lithofacies variability in this environment. C1 Univ Manchester, Dept Earth Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Macquaker, JHS (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Dept Earth Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. NR 87 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 75 IS 4 BP 696 EP 709 DI 10.2110/jsr.2005.056 PG 14 WC Geology SC Geology GA 942CX UT WOS:000230261600014 ER PT J AU Brittan-Powell, EF Lohr, B Hahn, DC Dooling, RJ AF Brittan-Powell, EF Lohr, B Hahn, DC Dooling, RJ TI Auditory brainstem responses in the Eastern Screech Owl: An estimate of auditory thresholds SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BUDGERIGARS MELOPSITTACUS-UNDULATUS; MALLARD DUCK EMBRYOS; EVOKED RESPONSE; HEARING THRESHOLDS; BENGALESE FINCHES; STIMULUS RATE; POTENTIALS; POLYMORPHISM; SENSITIVITY; HATCHLINGS AB The auditory brainstem response (ABR), a measure of neural synchrony, was used to estimate auditory sensitivity in the eastern screech owl (Megascops asio). The typical screech owl ABR waveform showed two to three prominent peaks occurring within 5 ms of stimulus onset. As sound pressure levels increased, the ABR peak amplitude increased and latency decreased. With an increasing stimulus presentation rate, ABR peak amplitude decreased and latency increased. Generally, changes in the ABR waveform to stimulus intensity and repetition rate are consistent with the pattern found in several avian families. The ABR audiogram shows that screech owls hear best between 1.5 and 6.4 kHz with the most acute sensitivity between 4-5.7 kHz. The shape of the average screech owl ABR audiogram is similar to the shape of the behaviorally measured audiogram of the barn owl, except at the highest frequencies. Our data also show differences in overall auditory sensitivity between the color morphs of screech owls. (c) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bbrittanpowell@psyc.umd.edu OI Brittan-Powell, Elizabeth/0000-0001-8293-5798 FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC001372, DC04762, DC04664, DC00198] NR 51 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 118 IS 1 BP 314 EP 321 DI 10.1121/1.1928767 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 943LU UT WOS:000230356200026 PM 16119351 ER PT J AU Bowers, JE AF Bowers, JE TI Effects of drought on shrub survival and longevity in the northern Sonoran Desert SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MICROPHYLLUM FOOTHILL PALOVERDE; MOJAVE DESERT; CLIMATIC VARIABILITY; VEGETATION CHANGE; PERENNIAL PLANTS; DYNAMICS; COMPONENTS; DEMOGRAPHY; MORTALITY; PATTERNS AB BOWERS, J. E. (U.S. Geological Survey, 1675 West Anklam Road, Tucson, AZ 85745). Effects of drought on shrub survival and longevity in the northern Sonoran Desert. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 132: 421-431. 2005.-Permanent vegetation plots in the northern Sonoran Desert, USA, provided an opportunity to assess the effects of recent drought on desert shrubs and to examine survival in relation to rainfall variability during the past 76 years. Survival and maximum longevity of six species were determined for eight intercensus periods between 1928 and 2004. Average annual survival was Ambrosia deltoidea, 0.9167 +/- 0.0415; Encelia farinosa, 0.7952 +/- 0.0926; Janusia gracilis, 0.9334 +/- 0.0247; Krameria grayi, 0.9702 +/- 0.0270; Larrea tridentata, 0.9861 +/- 0.0174; and Lycium berlandieri, 0.9910 +/- 0.0077. The longest-lived species were Larrea, Lycium, and Krameria, with average maximum life spans of 330, 211, and 184 years. Janusia, Ambrosia, and Encelia were much shorter lived, with average maximum longevity of 53, 40, and 16 years. Winter rain equalled or exceeded 90% of the long-term average accumulation except during 1948 to 1959 (65% of average) and from 2001 to 2003 (49% of average). Summer rain did not drop below 90% of the average accumulation in any period. The 1950s drought caused modest declines in survival of Ambrosia, Encelia, Janusia, Krameria, and Lycium. The effects of the recent drought were much more pronounced, resulting in sharp declines in survival and maximum longevity of Ambrosia, Encelia, Krameria, and Larrea, and modest declines for Lycium. Despite heightened mortality during the recent severe drought, 72% of the deaths observed between 1928 and 2004 occurred during periods of average or better-than-average rain, providing support for the idea that demography of shrubs in and regions is influenced by continuous as well as episodic processes. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Bowers, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1675 W Anklam Rd, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. EM jebowers@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 13 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0040-9618 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 132 IS 3 BP 421 EP 431 DI 10.3159/1095-5674(2005)132[421:EODOSS]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 989RZ UT WOS:000233692800005 ER PT J AU Mumford, S Patterson, C Evered, J Brunson, R Levine, J Winton, J AF Mumford, S Patterson, C Evered, J Brunson, R Levine, J Winton, J TI Comparison of individual and pooled sampling methods for detecting bacterial pathogens of fish SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE bacteria; disease; fish; pooling; sampling; trout; Yersinia ID SALMONELLA AB Examination of finfish populations for viral and bacterial pathogens is an important component of fish disease control programs worldwide. Two methods are commonly used for collecting tissue samples for bacteriological culture, the currently accepted standards for detection of bacterial fish pathogens. The method specified in the Office International des Epizooties Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals permits combining renal and splenic tissues from as many as 5 fish into pooled samples. The American Fisheries Society (AFS) Blue Book/US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Inspection Manual specifies the use of a bacteriological loop for collecting samples from the kidney of individual fish. An alternative would be to more fully utilize the pooled samples taken for virology. If implemented, this approach would provide substantial savings in labor and materials. To compare the relative performance of the AFS/USFWS method and this alternative approach, cultures of Yersinia ruckeri were used to establish low-level infections in groups of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that were sampled by both methods. Yersinia ruckeri was cultured from 22 of 37 groups by at least I method. The loop method yielded 18 positive groups, with I group positive in the loop samples but negative in the pooled samples. The pooled samples produced 21 positive groups, with 4 groups positive in the pooled samples but negative in the loop samples. There was statistically significant agreement (Spearman coefficient 0.80, P < 0.001) in the relative ability of the 2 sampling methods to permit detection of low-level bacterial infections of rainbow trout. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Olympia Fish Hlth Ctr, Olympia, WA 98506 USA. N Carolina State Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27706 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Mumford, S (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Olympia Fish Hlth Ctr, 3859 Martin E Way,Suite 101, Olympia, WA 98506 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 17 IS 4 BP 305 EP 310 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 945UM UT WOS:000230527700001 PM 16130986 ER PT J AU Reichard, EG Johnson, TA AF Reichard, EG Johnson, TA TI Assessment of regional management strategies for controlling seawater intrusion SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID COASTAL AQUIFERS; SURFACE-WATER; OPTIMIZATION; MODEL AB Simulation-optimization methods, applied with adequate senstivitivity tests, can provide useful quantitative guidance for controlling seawater intrusion. This is demonstrated in an application to the West Coast Basin of coastal Los Angeles that considers two management options for improving hydraulic control of seawater intrusion: increased injection into barrier wells and in lieu delivery of surface water to replace current pumpage. For the base-case optimization analysis, assuming constant groundwater demand, in lieu delivery was determined to be most cost effective. Reduced-cost information from the optimization provided guidance for prioritizing locations for in lieu delivery. Model sensitivity to a suite of hydrologic, economic, and policy factors was tested. Raising the imposed average water-level constraint at the hydraulic-control locations resulted in nonlinear increases in cost. Systematic varying of the relative costs of injection and in lieu water yielded a trade-off curve between relative costs and injection/in lieu amounts. Changing the assumed future scenario to one of increasing pumpage in the adjacent Central Basin caused a small increase in the computed costs of seawater intrusion control. Changing the assumed boundary condition representing interaction with an adjacent basin did not affect the optimization results. Reducing the assumed hydraulic conductivity of the main productive aquifer resulted in a large increase in the model-computed cost. C1 US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Water Replenishment Dis So Calif, Cerritos, CA 90703 USA. RP Reichard, EG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5735 Kearny Villa Rd,Suite O, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM egreich@usgs.gov; tjohnson@wrd.org NR 24 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 20 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 131 IS 4 BP 280 EP 291 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2005)131:4(280) PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 940DK UT WOS:000230123700004 ER PT J AU Samuel, MD Shadduck, DJ Goldberg, DR AF Samuel, MD Shadduck, DJ Goldberg, DR TI Avian cholera exposure and carriers in greater white-fronted geese breeding in Alaska, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Anser albifrons frontalis; avian cholera; carriers; greater white-fronted geese; Pasteurella multocida; serology ID PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA; LESSER SNOW; WATERFOWL AB We conducted a 3-yr study (2001-03) on greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) breeding in Alaska, USA, to determine the exposure of this population to Pasteurella multocida and the potential role of these birds as disease carriers. We tested sera from nearly 600 adult geese for antibodies to P. multocida, serotype 1. We found a low prevalence (< 5%) of positive antibodies in adult geese, and based on the short duration of detectable antibodies, these findings indicate recent infection with P. multocida. Prevalence was similar to serologic results from both breeding and wintering lesser snow geese. We also collected oral (n=1,035), nasal (n=102), and cloacal (n=90) swab samples to determine the presence of avian cholera carriers in this population. We were unable to isolate P. multocida serotype 1 from any of the birds sampled. Based on comparison with other waterfowl species, we concluded that these geese may be exposed to avian cholera during the winter or spring migration but are unlikely to play a significant role as carriers of the bacterium causing avian cholera. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Samuel, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Russell Lab 204, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdsamuel@wisc.edu OI Goldberg, Diana/0000-0001-8540-8512 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 498 EP 502 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 980KH UT WOS:000233016900004 PM 16244059 ER PT J AU Boyce, WM Weisenberger, ME AF Boyce, WM Weisenberger, ME TI The rise and fall of psoroptic scabies in bighorn sheep in the San Andres Mountains, New Mexico SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bighorn sheep; deer; Ovis canadensis; Psoroptes; scabies ID OVIS-CANADENSIS; MITES; ACARI AB Between 1978 and 1997, a combination of psoroptic scabies (Psoroptes spp.), mountain lion (Puma concolor) predation, and periodic drought reduced a population of native desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in the San Andres Mountains (SAM), New Mexico, from > 200 individuals to a single ewe. In 1999, this ewe was captured, ensured to be Psoroptes-free, and released back into the SAM. Eleven radiocollared rains were translocated from the Red Rock Wildlife Area (RRWA) in New Mexico into the SAM range and monitored through 2002 to determine whether Psoroptes spp. mites were still in the environment. None of these sentinel rams acquired scabies during this period, and no additional native sheep were found to be present in the range. In 2002, 51 desert bighorn sheep were translocated into the SAM from the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge in Arizona (n=20) and the RRWA in New Mexico (n=31). Twenty-one bighorn sheep have died in the SAM since that time, but Psoroptes spp. mites have not been detected on any of these animals, nor have they been found on mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) sampled since 2000. We conclude that psoroptic scabies is no longer present in the San Andres bighorn sheep population and that psoroptic scabies poses a minimal to nonexistent threat to the persistence of this population at this time. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Andres Natl Wildlife Refuge, Las Cruces, NM 88004 USA. RP Boyce, WM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM wmboyce@ucdavis.edu NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 525 EP 531 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 980KH UT WOS:000233016900007 PM 16244062 ER PT J AU Stanley, TR Royle, JA AF Stanley, TR Royle, JA TI Estimating site occupancy and abundance using indirect detection indices SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE occupancy models; indirect detection indices; population estimation ID ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; COUNTS; DENSITY; MARK; SCATS; SNOW AB Knowledge of factors influencing animal distribution and abundance is essential in many areas of ecological research, management, and policy-making. Because common methods for modeling and estimating abundance (e.g., capture-recapture, distance sampling) are sometimes not practical for large areas or elusive species, indices are sometimes used as surrogate measures of abundance. We present an extension of the Royle and Nichols (2003) generalization of the MacKenzie et al. (2002) site-occupancy model that incorporates length of the sampling interval into the, model for detection probability. As a result, we obtain a modeling framework that shows how useful information can be extracted from a class of index methods we call indirect detection indices (IDIs). Examples of IDIs include scent station, tracking tube, snow track, tracking plate, and hair snare surveys. Our model is maximum likelihood, and it can be used to estimate site occupancy and model factors influencing patterns of occupancy and abundance in space. Under certain circumstances, it can also be used to estimate abundance. We evaluated model properties using Monte Carlo simulations and illustrate the method with tracking tube and scent station data. We believe this model will be a useful tool for determining factors that influence animal distribution and abundance. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Stanley, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tom_stanley@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 38 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 55 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 874 EP 883 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0874:ESOAAU]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 985NX UT WOS:000233385900005 ER PT J AU Ball, LC Doherty, PF McDonald, MW AF Ball, LC Doherty, PF McDonald, MW TI An occupancy modeling approach to evaluating a Palm Springs ground squirrel habitat model SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE California; Coachella Valley; habitat conservation plan; habitat model; Palm Springs ground squirrel; patch occupancy; Spermophilus ID NEOTOMA-LEPIDA; RAT AB Conservation efforts often use habitat models as surrogates for empirical data on the distribution or,population size of target species as well as to predict the efficacy of proposed conservation and management actions. Such a model was used to evaluate preserves for the Palm Springs ground squirrel (Spermophilus tereticaudus chlorus) under a proposed Habitat Conservation Plan in the Sonoran Desert of southern California. The habitat model was developed from expert opinion and data from nonprobability-based sample surveys for ground squirrels. We evaluated the model and tested the underlying assumptions about the ground squirrel's habitat affinities, estimated the occupancy rates and detection probabilities of ground squirrels in modeled habitat, quantified the total area of the proposed preserves occupied by ground squirrels, and tested a priori hypotheses about how occupancy differed among vegetation and substrate types. Occupancy rate varied with vegetation and substrate types and, by repeatedly visiting survey points, we found that detection probability was -0.22 (SE = 0.05). We found ground squirrels were more likely to occupy mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa variety torreyana) on dunes/hummocks (0.99 +/- 0.01) than creosote (Lamea tridentata) on dunes/hummocks (0.33 +/- 0.09) or other vegetation/substrate types (<= 0.08). Our results suggest that this and comparable habitat models should be refined to incorporate detection probabilities and variation in ground squirrel affinity for different vegetation and substrates. In contrast to the existing habitat model, our data suggested that ground squirrel occupancy rate differed by vegetation/substrate types. We suggest that conservation efforts focus on protecting and enhancing the mesquite hummock/dune system that has largely disappeared over the last 50 years due to agricultural and urban development and a lowering of water tables. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. RP Ball, LC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 6010 Hidden Valley Rd, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. EM Lianne_Ball@fws.gov NR 32 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 894 EP 904 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0894:AOMATE]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 985NX UT WOS:000233385900007 ER PT J AU Forsyth, DM Link, WA Webster, R Nugent, G Warburton, B AF Forsyth, DM Link, WA Webster, R Nugent, G Warburton, B TI Nonlinearity and seasonal bias in an index of brushtail possum abundance SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; Bayesian analysis; brushtail possum; BUGS; New Zealand; North Island; trapping; Trichosurus vulpecula ID WILDLIFE RESEARCH; POPULATION AB Introduced brushtail possums (T?ichosurys vulpecula) are a widespread pest of conservation and agriculture in New Zealand, and considerable effort has been expended controlling populations to low densities. A national protocol for monitoring the abundance of possums, termed trap catch index (TCI), was adopted in 1996. The TCI requires that lines of leghold traps set at 20-m spacing are randomly located in a management area. The traps are set for 3 fine nights and checked daily, and possums are killed and traps reset. The TCI is the mean percentage of trap nights that possums were caught, corrected for sprung traps and nontarget captures, with trap line as the sampling unit. We studied I forest and I farmland area in the North Island, New Zealand, to address concerns that TCI estimates may not be readily comparable because of seasonal changes in the capture probability of possums. We located blocks of 6 trap lines at each area and randomly trapped I line in each block in 3 seasons (summer, winter, and spring) in 2000 and 2001. We developed a model to allow for variation in local population size and nightly capture probability, and fitted the model using the Bayesian analysis software BUGS. Capture probability declined with increasing abundance of possums, generating a nonlinear TCI. Capture probability in farmland was lower during spring relative to winter and summer, and to forest during summer. In the absence of a proven and cost-effective alternative, our results support the continued use of the TCI for monitoring the abundance of possums in New Zealand. Seasonal biases in the TCI should be minimized by conducting repeat sampling in the same season. C1 Landcare Res, Lincoln 8152, New Zealand. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Landcare Res, Lincoln 8152, New Zealand. RP Forsyth, DM (reprint author), Landcare Res, POB 69, Lincoln 8152, New Zealand. EM dave.forsyth@dse.vic.gov.au OI Forsyth, David/0000-0001-5356-9573 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 976 EP 984 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0976:NASBIA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 985NX UT WOS:000233385900013 ER PT J AU Waller, JS Servheen, C AF Waller, JS Servheen, C TI Effects of transportation infrastructure on grizzly bears in northwestern Montana SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE connectivity; Global Positioning System; GPS; grizzly bear; highways; Montana; railroads; roads; transportation; Ursus arctos ID BROWN BEARS; POPULATION-DENSITY; SWAN MOUNTAINS; HABITAT; CONSERVATION; DISPERSAL; ROADS; DEMOGRAPHY; LANDSCAPE; CORRIDORS AB Highways and railroads have come under increasing scrutiny as potential agents of population and habitat fragmentation for many mammalian species, including grizzly bears (Ursus arctos). Using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology and aerial Very High Frequency (VHF) telemetry, we evaluated the nature and extent of trans-highway movements of 42 grizzly bears along the U.S. Highway 2 (US-2) corridor in northwest Montana, USA, 1998-2001, and we, related them to highway and railroad traffic volumes and other corridor attributes. We employed highway and railroad traffic counters to continuously monitor traffic volumes. We found that 52% of the sampled population crossed highways at least once during the study but that crossing frequency was negatively exponentially related to highway traffic volume. We found that grizzly bears strongly avoided areas within 500 in of the highway and that highway crossing locations were clustered at a spatial scale of 1.5 km. Most highway crossings occurred at night when highway traffic volume was lowest but when railroad traffic,,vas highest. Highway crossing locations were flatter, closer to cover in open habitat types, and within grassland or deciduous forest vegetation types. Nighttime traffic volumes were low, averaging about 10 vehicles/hr, allowing bears to cross. However, we project that US-2 may become a significant barrier to bear movement in -30 years if the observed trend of increasing traffic volume continues. C1 Univ Montana, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Grizzly Bear Recovery Coordinators Off, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Waller, JS (reprint author), Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM john_waller@nps.gov NR 59 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 49 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 985 EP 1000 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0985:EOTIOG]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 985NX UT WOS:000233385900014 ER PT J AU Hatten, JR Averill-Murray, A van Pelt, WE AF Hatten, JR Averill-Murray, A van Pelt, WE TI A spatial model of potential jaguar habitat in Arizona SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arizona; Panthera onca; conservation; Geographic Information System; GIS; habitat selection; landscape; neighborhood analysis; predictive modeling; jaguar ID PANTHERA-ONCA AB The jaguar (Panthera onca) is an endangered species that occasionally visits the southwestern United States from Mexico. The number of jaguar sightings per decade has declined over the last 100 years in Arizona, USA, raising conservation concerns for the species at a local and national level. In 1997, state, federal, and local governments with land-management responsibilities agreed to characterize and identify potential jaguar habitat in Arizona and New Mexico. Specifically, the objectives of our analysis were 2-fold: (1) characterize potential jaguar habitat in Arizona from historic sighting records and (2) create a statewide habitat suitability map. We used a Geographic Information System (GIS) to characterize potential jaguar habitat by overlaying historic jaguar sightings (25) on landscape and habitat features believed important (e.g., vegetation bionnes and series, elevation, terrain ruggedness, proximity to perennial or intermittent water sources, human density). The amount of Arizona (%) identified as potential jaguar habitat ranged from 21 % to 30% depending on the input variables. Most jaguar sightings were in scrub grasslands between 1,220 and 1,829-m elevation in southeastern Arizona, in intermediately to extremely rugged terrain, and within 10 km of a water source. Conservation efforts should focus on protecting the most suitable jaguar habitat in southeastern Arizona (i.e., Santa Cruz, Pima, Cochise, Pinal, Graham counties), travel corridors within and outside Arizona, andjaguar habitat in the Sierra Madres of Sonora, Mexico. C1 Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Wildlife Management Div, Nongame Branch, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Reg V, Field Operat Div, Tucson, AZ 85710 USA. RP Hatten, JR (reprint author), USGS, 5501 A Cook,Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jhatten@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 8 U2 38 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 1024 EP 1033 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[1024:ASMOPJ]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 985NX UT WOS:000233385900017 ER PT J AU Hinkes, MT Collins, GH Van Daele, LJ Kovach, SD Aderman, AR Woolington, JD Seavoy, RJ AF Hinkes, MT Collins, GH Van Daele, LJ Kovach, SD Aderman, AR Woolington, JD Seavoy, RJ TI Influence of population growth on caribou herd identity, calving ground fidelity, and behavior SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; ecotype; Kilbuck; metapopulation; Mulchatna; population dynamics; radiotelemetry; range shift; sedentary ID RANGIFER-TARANDUS; DYNAMICS; ALASKA; NORTH AB A large barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) population (the Bering Seacoast Herd) historically ranged across southwest Alaska. The size of this herd peaked in the earl), 1860s but declined by the late 1880s. Caribou numbers remained low in southwest Alaska for the next 100 years. Biologists have argued that periodic dispersal has been an important factor in caribou population dynamics. However, others conclude there was no credible evidence that significant interchange between herds has ever occurred in Alaska. Since 1981, we monitored 318 radiocollared caribou and documented dramatic population growth, erratic movements, shifts from traditional ranges, and changes in migratory behavior. We also documented shifts in calving distribution that may contrast with conventional concepts of calving tradition and herd identity. Some biologists have concluded caribou herds can be considered closed populations for management purposes because the number of dispersing caribou is so small that it has no influence on population dynamics. We propose that the current definition of a herd may be appropriate for short-term management; however, over long time frames and large spatial scales, metapopulations may better describe caribou ecology and be more useful in long-term caribou conservation. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Togiak Natl Wildlife Refuge, Dillingham, AK 99576 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Dept Wildlife Conservat, Dillingham, AK 99576 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Dept Wildlife Conservat, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Dept Wildlife Conservat, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. RP Hinkes, MT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Togiak Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 270, Dillingham, AK 99576 USA. EM Michael_Hinkes@fws.gov NR 86 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 6 U2 30 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 1147 EP 1162 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[1147:IOPGOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 985NX UT WOS:000233385900029 ER PT J AU Nicolai, CA Flint, PL Wege, ML AF Nicolai, CA Flint, PL Wege, ML TI Annual survival and site fidelity of northern pintails banded on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Anas acuta; banding; fidelity rates; northern pintails; recovery rates; reporting rates; annual survival rates; Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; BREEDING POPULATIONS; MARKED ANIMALS; CALIFORNIA; AMERICA; PHILOPATRY; MALLARDS; DROUGHT; DUCKS AB We banded northern pintails (Anas acuta; n = 13,645) at a single site on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD), Alaska, USA, from 1990 to 2001. We used recaptures from our site in combination with hunter recoveries to model annual survival, recovery rates, and fidelity to our capture location. Most recoveries (> 90%) occurred in the Pacific Flyway with 64% reported from California's Central Valley. Our top candidate models allowed survival to vary by sex but not by age or year. Estimated annual survival was 77.6% (95% Cl: 73.9-81.0%) for males and 60.2% (95% CL 53.2-67.0%) for females. Reporting rates varied by age, sex, and year; estimates for adult males exceeded those for adult females by 3.5 times. Within sexes, reporting rates of hatch-year pintails exceeded those of adults. Estimated recovery rates were considerably lower than those estimated during the 1950s-1970s for winter banded pintails (Hestbeck 1993b), but there were no differences in survival rates. This suggests that changes in harvest regulations may not have influenced annual survival in this population. The propensity of banded pintails to return to our capture site (fidelity rate) varied between sexes and was positively correlated with water conditions in prairie Canada. Our estimates of fidelity rates varied from 77.4% to 87.2% for males and 89.8% to 94.3% for females. Our fidelity estimates suggest that some level of subpopulation structuring may exist for northern pintails. Additionally, our estimates of fidelity support previous observations of northern pintails overflying poor wetland habitat conditions on the Canadian prairies. C1 Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Nicolai, CA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Range Wildlife & Forestry, 100 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM nicolai@unr.nevada.edu OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 1202 EP 1210 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[1202:ASASFO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 985NX UT WOS:000233385900034 ER PT J AU Roberson, AM Andersen, DE Kennedy, PL AF Roberson, AM Andersen, DE Kennedy, PL TI Do breeding phase and detection distance influence the effective area surveyed for northern goshawks? SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Accipiter gentilis; broadcast survey; courtship; effective area surveyed; information-theoretic approach; Minnesota; northern goshawk ID BROADCAST SURVEYS; ACCIPITER-GENTILIS; CONSPECIFIC CALLS; POPULATION TRENDS; NEST SITES; VOCALIZATIONS; FOOD; EFFICACY; DAWN AB Broadcast surveys using conspecific calls are currently the most effective method for detecting northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) during the breeding season. These surveys typically use alarm calls during the nestling phase and juvenile food-begging calls during the fledgling-dependency phase. Because goshawks are most vocal during the courtship phase, we hypothesized that this phase would be an effective time to detect goshawks. Our objective was to improve current survey methodology by evaluating the probability of detecting goshawks at active nests in northern Minnesota in 3 breeding phases and at 4 broadcast distances and to determine the effective area surveyed per broadcast station. Unlike previous studies, we broadcast calls at only I distance per trial. This approach better quantifies (I) the relationship between distance and probability of detection, and (2) the effective area surveyed (EAS) per broadcast station. We conducted 99 broadcast trials at 14 active breeding areas. When pooled over all distances, detection rates were highest during the courtship (70%) and fledgling-dependency phases (68%). Detection rates were lowest during the nestling phase (28%), when there appeared to be higher variation in likelihood of detecting individuals. EAS per broadcast station was 39.8 ha during courtship and 24.8 ha during fledgling-dependency. Consequently, in northern Minnesota, broadcast stations may be spaced 712 in and 562 in apart when conducting systematic surveys during courtship and fledgling-dependency, respectively. We could not calculate EAS for the nestling phase because probability of detection was not a simple function of distance from nest. Calculation of EAS could be applied to other areas where the probability of detection is a known function of distance. C1 Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Roberson, AM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2105 Osuna Rd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. EM Aimee_Roberson@fws.gov RI Kennedy, Patricia/I-4902-2015 OI Kennedy, Patricia/0000-0002-2090-1821 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 1240 EP 1250 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[1240:DBPADD]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 985NX UT WOS:000233385900038 ER PT J AU Harding, AMA Piatt, JF Byrd, GV Hatch, SA Konyukhov, NB Golubova, EU Williams, JC AF Harding, AMA Piatt, JF Byrd, GV Hatch, SA Konyukhov, NB Golubova, EU Williams, JC TI Variability in colony attendance of crevice-nesting horned puffins: Implications for population monitoring SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE colony attendance; crevice-nesting; Fratercula corniculata; horned puffin; North Pacific; population monitoring; power analysis; seabirds; survey; variability ID ST-LAWRENCE ISLAND; FRATERCULA-ARCTICA; PARAKEET AUKLETS; URIA-LOMVIA; NUMBERS; ALASKA; PATTERNS; TRENDS; LEAST; GUILLEMOTS AB It is difficult to survey crevice-nesting seabirds because nest-sites are hard to identify and count, and the number of adult birds attending a colony call be extremely variable within and between days. There is no standardized method for surveying crevice-nesting horned puffins (Fratercula corniculata), and consequently little is known about abundance or changes in their numbers. We examined the variability in colony attendance of horned puffins at 5 breeding colonies ill the North Pacific to assess whether variation in count data call be reduced to a level that would allow its to detect changes in the number of birds attending a colony We used within-year measures of variation in attendance to examine the power to detect a change in numbers between 2 years, and we used measures of among-year variation to examine the power to detect trends over multiple years. Diurnal patterns of attendance differed among colonies, and among-day variation in attendance was generally lowest from mid- to late-incubation to early chick rearing. Within-year variation in water counts was lower than in land counts, and variation was lower using a daily index based on 5 counts per day than it was using I Count per day. Measures of among-year variation in attendance also were higher for land-based than water-based counts, and they were higher when we used a 10-day survey period than when we used a 30-day period. The use of either I or 5 Counts a day during the colony-specific diurnal peak of attendance had little influence oil levels of among-year variation. Over-all, Our study suggests that variation in count data may be reduced to a level that allows detection of trends in numbers. However, more studies of interannual variability in horned puffin attendance are needed. Further, the relationship between count data and breeding population size needs more study before the number of birds present at the colony can be used with confidence as all index of population trend. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Anim Evolut Morphol & Ecol, Moscow 117071, Russia. RAN, IBPN DVO, Ornithol Lab, Magadan 85000, Russia. RP Harding, AMA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM Ann_Harding@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 1279 EP 1296 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[1279:VICAOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 985NX UT WOS:000233385900042 ER PT J AU Mazerolle, MJ AF Mazerolle, MJ TI Drainage ditches facilitate frog movements in a hostile landscape SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibians; corridor; habitat loss; movement; peat mining; peatland; survival rate; trench ID STREAM AMPHIBIANS; HABITAT CORRIDORS; SPECIES RICHNESS; MARKED ANIMALS; BUFO-BUFO; CONNECTIVITY; POPULATIONS; DISPERSAL; SURVIVAL; CONSERVATION AB Ditches are common in landscapes influenced by agricultural, forestry, and peat mining activities, and their value as corridors remains unassessed. Pond-breeding amphibians can encounter hostile environments when moving between breeding, summering, or hibernation sites, and are likely to benefit from the presence of ditches in the landscape. Within a system consisting of ditch networks in bogs mined for peat in eastern New Brunswick, Canada, I quantified the breeding, survival, and movements of green frogs (Rana clamitans melanota) in drainage ditches and also surveyed peat fields. Frogs rarely ventured on peat fields and most individuals frequented drainage ditches containing water, particularly in late summer. Though frogs did not breed in ditches, their survival rate in ditches was high (88%). Ditches did not hinder frog movements, as frogs moved independently of the current. Results indicate that drainage ditches containing water enable some movements between habitats isolated by peat mining, in contrast to peat surfaces, and suggest they function as amphibian movement corridors. Thus, such drainage ditches may mitigate the effects of peat extraction on amphibian populations. At the very least, these structures provide an alternative to hostile peat surfaces. This study highlights that small-scale corridors are potentially valuable in population dynamics. C1 Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Biol Forestiere, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. RP Mazerolle, MJ (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beach Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mmazerolle@usgs.gov OI Mazerolle, Marc/0000-0002-0486-0310 NR 76 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 20 IS 5 BP 579 EP 590 DI 10.1007/s10980-004-3977-6 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 969AK UT WOS:000232205600007 ER PT J AU Brooks, WE Willett, JC Kent, JD Vasquez, V Rosales, T AF Brooks, WE Willett, JC Kent, JD Vasquez, V Rosales, T TI The Muralla Pircada - an ancient Andean debris flow retention dam, Santa Rita B archaeological site, Chao Valley, Northern Peru SO LANDSLIDES LA English DT Article DE debris flow dam; mitigation; natural hazards; ancient Andean; Peru ID EL-NINO AB Debris flows caused by El Nino events, earthquakes, and glacial releases have affected northern Peru for centuries. The Muralla Pircada, a northeast-trending, 2.5 km long stone wall east of the Santa Rita B archaeological site (Moche-Chimu) in the Chao Valley, is field evidence that ancient Andeans recognized and, more importantly, attempted to mitigate the effects of debris flows. The Muralla is upstream from the site and is perpendicular to local drainages. It is 1-2 m high, up to 5 m wide, and is comprised of intentionally-placed, well-sorted, well-rounded, 20-30 cm cobbles and boulders from nearby streams. Long axes of the stones are gently inclined and parallel local drainage. Case-and-fill construction was used with smaller cobbles and pebbles used as fill. Pre-Muralla debris flows are indicated by meter-sized, angular boulders that were incorporated in-place into construction of the dam and are now exposed in breeches in the dam. Post-Muralla debris flows in the Chao Valley are indicated by meter-sized, angular boulders that now abut the retention dam. C1 George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Metropolitan State Coll, Denver, CO 80204 USA. Univ Nacl Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru. RP Brooks, WE (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM webgeology@aol.com NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-510X J9 LANDSLIDES JI Landslides PD JUL PY 2005 VL 2 IS 2 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1007/s.10346-005-0051-7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 952VT UT WOS:000231034500004 ER PT J AU Oremland, RS Capone, DG Stolz, JF Fuhrman, JA AF Oremland, RS Capone, DG Stolz, JF Fuhrman, JA TI Whither or wither geomicrobiology in the era of 'community metagenomics' SO NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION; METHYLOCYSTIS STRAIN SC2; METHANE OXIDATION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; UNCULTURED MICROORGANISMS; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; PLANKTONIC ARCHAEA; SOIL BACTERIA AB Molecular techniques are valuable tools that can improve our understanding of the structure of microbial communities. They provide the ability to probe for life in all niches of the biosphere, perhaps even supplanting the need to cultivate microorganisms or to conduct ecophysiological investigations. However, an overemphasis and strict dependence on such large information-driven endeavours as environmental metagenomics could overwhelm the field, to the detriment of microbial ecology. We now call for more balanced, hypothesis-driven research efforts that couple metagenomics with classic approaches. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,M-S 480, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM roremlan@usgs.gov RI Fuhrman, Jed/C-6461-2013 NR 80 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1740-1526 J9 NAT REV MICROBIOL JI Nat. Rev. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 3 IS 7 BP 572 EP 578 DI 10.1038/nrmicro1182 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 943XS UT WOS:000230389800016 PM 15953928 ER PT J AU Jones, JW Mair, RA Neves, RJ AF Jones, JW Mair, RA Neves, RJ TI Factors affecting survival and growth of juvenile freshwater mussels cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID UTTERBACKIA-IMBECILLIS BIVALVIA; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; BROODSTOCK MANAGEMENT; LARVAL SURVIVAL; UNITED-STATES; LIFE-HISTORY; VILLOSA-IRIS; UNIONIDAE; CONSERVATION; FOOD AB Seasonal differences in glochidial maturity, substrate, and diet were studied to determine how these factors affect the survival and growth of juvenile freshwater mussels. Comparisons were made between juveniles produced in the fall and spring of the year; cultured in sediment, sand, or without substrate; and fed either of two species of small (5-10-mu m) green algae. The survival and growth of endangered juveniles of oyster mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis were compared with those of a common, seemingly more robust species, the rainbow mussel Villosa iris. The growth of rainbow mussel juveniles was significantly greater than that of oyster mussel juveniles (P < 0.001). The survival and growth of oyster mussel juveniles were significantly greater when propagated in the spring, that is. when glochidia were mature and would normally be released. than in fall (P < 0.001). Survival and growth of juveniles of both species were significantly greater when they were cultured in a sediment substratum rather than sand or no substratum (P < 0.001). No differences (P > 0.05) were observed in survival and growth of juveniles fed algal species Neochloris oleoabundans or Nannochloropsis oculata. In the spring of the year, juvenile oyster mussels achieved a survival of 29.6% and mean length of 664 mu m at 60 d of age, whereas at the same age rainbow mussel juveniles exhibited a survival of 25.1% and a mean length of 1,447 mu m. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildilife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Jones, JW (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jess-jones@fws.gov NR 39 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 67 IS 3 BP 210 EP 220 DI 10.1577/A04-055.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 949GG UT WOS:000230772500007 ER PT J AU Bryan, JL Wildhaber, ML Noltie, DB AF Bryan, JL Wildhaber, ML Noltie, DB TI Examining neosho madtom reproductive biology using ultrasound and artificial photothermal cycles SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID NOTURUS-PLACIDUS; HABITAT USE; SEX; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; ICTALURIDAE; CULTURE; CHUB AB We examined whether extended laboratory simulation of natural photothermal conditions could stimulate reproduction in the Neosho madtom Noturus placidus, a federally threatened species. For 3 years, a captive population of Neosho madtoms was maintained under simulated natural conditions and monitored routinely with ultrasound for reproductive condition. Female Neosho madtoms cycled in and out of spawning condition, producing and absorbing oocytes annually. Internal measurements made by means of ultrasound indicated the summer mean oocyte size remained consistent over the years, although estimated fecundity increased with increasing fish length. In the summer of 2001, after 3 years in the simulated natural environment, 13 out of 41 fish participated in 10 spawnings. Simulation of the natural photothermal environment, coupled with within-day temperature fluctuations during the spring rise, seemed important for the spawning of captive Neosho madtoms. The use of ultrasound to assess the reproductive status in Neosho madtoms was effective and resulted in negligible stress or injury to the fish. These procedures may facilitate future culture of this species and other madtoms Noturus spp., especially when species are rare, threatened, or endangered. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Johnson Controls World Serv, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bryan, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Johnson Controls World Serv, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jbryan@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 67 IS 3 BP 221 EP 230 DI 10.1577/A04-020.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 949GG UT WOS:000230772500008 ER PT J AU Clark, JE Hellgren, EC Parsons, JL Jorgensen, EE Engle, DM Leslie, DM AF Clark, JE Hellgren, EC Parsons, JL Jorgensen, EE Engle, DM Leslie, DM TI Nitrogen outputs from fecal and urine deposition of small mammals: implications for nitrogen cycling SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE dietary nitrogen; fecal nitrogen; nitrogen flux; urinary nitrogen ID RATS SIGMODON-HISPIDUS; SMALL-SCALE HETEROGENEITY; NORTH-AMERICAN GRASSLAND; ARCTIC SALT-MARSH; PEROMYSCUS RODENTIA; BOREAL FORESTS; NATIONAL-PARK; PLANT-GROWTH; DYNAMICS; HERBIVORES AB The contribution of small mammals to nitrogen cycling could have repercussions for the producer community in the maintaining or perhaps magnifying of nitrogen availability. Our objective was to model nitrogen outputs (deposition of feces and urine) of small mammals in an old-field ecosystem and estimate the amount of fecal and urinary nitrogen deposited annually. To address this objective, we used models from laboratory studies and combined these with data from field studies to estimate dietary nitrogen and monthly and annual nitrogen outputs from fecal and urine deposition of five rodent species. The models accounted for monthly fluctuations in density and biomass of small-mammal populations. We estimated that the minimal amount, of nitrogen deposited by rodents was 1.0 (0.9-1.1) and 2.7 (2.6-2.9) kg Nha(-1) year(-1) from feces and urine, respectively, for a total contribution of 3.7 (3.5-4.0) kg Nha(-1) year(-1). Hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) accounted for >75% of the total nitrogen output by small mammals. Our estimates of annual fecal and urinary nitrogen deposited by rodents were comparable to nitrogen deposits by larger herbivores and other nitrogen fluxes in grassland ecosystems and should be considered when assessing the potential effects of herbivory on terrestrial nitrogen cycles. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Clark, JE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries Ellington Plan, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X NR 58 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUL PY 2005 VL 144 IS 3 BP 447 EP 455 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0004-9 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 955SL UT WOS:000231247800012 PM 15942760 ER PT J AU Braga, JC Webster, JM Clague, DA Moore, JG Spalding, H AF Braga, J. C. Webster, J. M. Clague, D. A. Moore, J. G. Spalding, H. TI VERY DEEP WATER CORALLINE ALGAE (CORALLINALES, RHODOPHYTA) OFF HAWAII SO PHYCOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Braga, J. C.] Univ Granada, Dept Estratigrafia & Paleontol, Granada 18002, Spain. [Webster, J. M.; Clague, D. A.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Moore, J. G.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Spalding, H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jbraga@ugr.es NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA NEW BUSINESS OFFICE, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0031-8884 J9 PHYCOLOGIA JI Phycologia PD JUL PY 2005 VL 44 IS 4 MA 29 BP 12 EP 13 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V81JZ UT WOS:000205501500030 ER PT J AU Owen, LA Finkel, RC Barnard, PL Ma, HZ Asahi, K Caffee, MW Derbyshire, E AF Owen, LA Finkel, RC Barnard, PL Ma, HZ Asahi, K Caffee, MW Derbyshire, E TI Climatic and topographic controls on the style and timing of Late Quaternary glaciation throughout Tibet and the Himalaya defined by Be-10 cosmogenic radionuclide surface exposure dating SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-SUMMER MONSOON; EURASIAN SNOW COVER; NORTHERN PAKISTAN; LATE PLEISTOCENE; MOUNT EVEREST; ICE CORE; PLATEAU; GLACIERS; HOLOCENE; VALLEY AB Temporal and spatial changes in glacier cover throughout the Late Quaternary in Tibet and the bordering mountains are poorly defined because of the inaccessibility and vastness of the region, and the lack of numerical dating. To help reconstruct the timing and extent of glaciation throughout Tibet and the bordering mountains, we use geomorphic mapping and Be-10 cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) surface dating in study areas in southeastern (Gonga Shan), southern (Karola Pass) and central (Western Nyainqentanggulha Shan and Tanggula Shan) Tibet, and we compare these with recently determined numerical chronologies in other parts of the plateau and its borderlands. Each of the study regions receives its precipitation mainly during the south Asian summer monsoon when it falls as snow at high altitudes. Gonga Shan receives the most precipitation (> 2000 mm a(-1)) while, near the margins of monsoon influence, the Karola Pass receives moderate amounts of precipitation (500-600 mm a(-1)) and, in the interior of the plateau, little precipitation falls on the western Nyainqentanggulha Shan (similar to 300 mm a(-1)) and the Tanggula Shan (400-700 mm a(-1)). The higher precipitation values for the Tanggula Shan are due to strong orographic effects. In each region, at least three sets of moraines and associated landforms are preserved, providing evidence for multiple glaciations. The Be-10 CRN surface exposure dating shows that the formation of moraines in Gonga. Shan occurred during the early-mid Holocene, Neoglacial and Little Ice Age, on the Karola Pass during the Lateglacial, Early Holocene and Neoglacial, in the Nyainqentanggulha Shan date during the early part of the last glacial cycle, global Last Glacial Maximum and Lateglacial, and on the Tanggula Shan during the penultimate glacial cycle and the early part of the last glacial cycle. The oldest moraine succession in each of these regions varies from the early Holocene (Gonga Shan), Lateglacial (Karola Pass), early Last Glacial (western Nyainqentanggulha Shan), and penultimate glacial cycle (Tanggula Shan). We believe that the regional patterns and timing of glaciation reflect temporal and spatial variability in the south Asian monsoon and, in particular, in regional precipitation gradients. In zones of greater aridity, the extent of glaciation has become increasingly restricted throughout the Late Quaternary leading to the preservation of old (> 100 ka) glacial landforms. In contrast, in regions that are very strongly influenced by the monsoon (> 1600 mm a(-1)), the preservation potential of pre-Lateglacial moraine successions is generally extremely poor. This is possibly because Lateglacial and Holocene glacial advances may have been more extensive than early glaciations and hence may have destroyed any landform or sedimentary evidence of earlier glaciations. Furthermore, the intense denudation, mainly by fluvial and mass movement processes, which characterize these wetter environments, results in rapid erosion and re-sedimentation of glacial and associated landforms, which also contributes to their poor preservation potential. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Saline Lakes, Xining, Qinghai, Peoples R China. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Geog, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, PRIME Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ London, Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Dept Geog, Quaternary Res Ctr, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. RP Owen, LA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM lewis.owen@uc.edu RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 75 TC 163 Z9 191 U1 6 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 24 IS 12-13 BP 1391 EP 1411 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.014 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 933PZ UT WOS:000229646700006 ER PT J AU Frankel, A AF Frankel, A TI Reply to "Comment on 'How can seismic hazard around the New Madrid seismic zone be similar to that in California?' by Arthur Frankel", by Zhenming Wang, Baoping Shi, and John D. Kiefer SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNCERTAINTY C1 US Geol Survey, DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Frankel, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, DFC, MS 966,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM afrankel@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 76 IS 4 BP 472 EP 475 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 947BH UT WOS:000230616700009 ER PT J AU Tuttle, MP Schweig, ES Campbell, J Thomas, PM Sims, JD Lafferty, RH AF Tuttle, MP Schweig, ES Campbell, J Thomas, PM Sims, JD Lafferty, RH TI Evidence for New Madrid earthquakes in AD 300 and 2350 BC SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; SEISMIC ZONE; PREHISTORIC EARTHQUAKES AB Six episodes of earthquake-induced liquefaction are associated with soil horizons containing artifacts of the Late Archaic (3000-500 B.C.) and Early to Middle Woodland (500 B.C.-A.D. 400) cultural periods at the Burkett archaeological site in the northern part of the New Madrid seismic zone, where little information about prehistoric earthquakes has been available. Radiocarbon dating of organic material and analysis of artifacts are used to estimate the ages of the liquefaction features and times of the causative earthquakes. The most recent episode of liquefaction occurred after A.D. 1670, produced small sand dikes, and is probably related to the 1895 Charleston, Missouri earthquake. The preceding episode struck the area in A.D. 300 200 years and generated a sand blow that contains Late Woodland artifacts and buries an Early to Middle Woodland cultural horizon. Four older episodes of liquefaction occurred in 2350 B.C. 200 years and may have been produced by a sequence of closely timed earthquakes. The four earlier episodes produced graben structures, sand dikes, and associated sand blows on which a cultural mound was constructed. The Burkett liquefaction features that formed about 2350 B.C. and A.D. 300 are relatively large and similar in age to other liquefaction features in northeastern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri, respectively. If the prehistoric features at the Burkett site and those of similar age elsewhere in the region are the result of the same earthquakes, then this suggests that they were similar in size to the three largest (M 7-8) 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes. A New Madrid-type earthquake in A.D. 300 200 years would support an average recurrence time of 500 years. Although this study extends the earthquake chronology back to 2500 B.C., it is uncertain that the record of New Madrid events is complete for the period between 2350 B.C. and A.D. 300. As demonstrated by this study, information about other prehistoric earthquakes may be buried beneath fluvial deposits of the Mississippi River Valley. C1 M Tuttle & Associates, Georgetown, ME 04548 USA. US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Memphis State Univ, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Prentice Thomas & Associates, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32549 USA. John Sims & Associates, Harpers Ferry, WV 25425 USA. Mid Continental Res Associates, Springdale, AR 72765 USA. RP Tuttle, MP (reprint author), M Tuttle & Associates, 128 Tibbetts Lane, Georgetown, ME 04548 USA. EM mptuttle@earthlink.net NR 20 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 76 IS 4 BP 489 EP 501 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 947BH UT WOS:000230616700010 ER PT J AU Baumsteiger, J Hankin, D Loudenslager, EJ AF Baumsteiger, J Hankin, D Loudenslager, EJ TI Genetic analyses of juvenile steelhead, coastal cutthroat trout, and their hybrids differ substantially from field identifications SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CYTONUCLEAR DISEQUILIBRIA; CLARKI-CLARKI; HYBRIDIZATION; POPULATIONS; INTROGRESSION; NUCLEAR; MARKERS AB Because of their similar appearance and frequent hybridization, juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus tnykiss and coastal cutthroat trout O.clarkii clarkii are difficult to distinguish visually. Nevertheless, field biologists often use Visual methods to classify juvenile individuals. This study investigated hybridization between these species and determined the accuracy of field identification where hybridization occurred. Using a five-point classification system, two evaluators identified 500 fish collected from three watersheds in Humboldt County, California. Individuals were then genotyped at seven single-copy nuclear DNA genes and one mitochondrial gene, all assunied to be diagnostic for each species. Sin.-le-locus Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, pairwise genotypic disequilibrium, and cytonuclear disequilibrium calculations revealed that subpopulations of these species were mating assortatively. Presumptive F, hybrid individuals were rare, whereas introgressed individuals were more common. These presumptive later-generation backcross hybrids were produced with both parental species but were more frequently produced with coastal cutthroat trout. Interspecific matings appeared to be bidirectional. Conditional classification probabilities between evaluator identifications and genotypes showed that both evaluators had moderate to substantial success identifying individuals less than 85 turn total length, whereas individuals 85 nim and larger were identified less successfully. Evaluators Successfully identified coastal cutthroat trout but had moderate difficulty identifying steelhead (sometimes misidentified as hybrids) and always misidentified hybrids as coastal cutthroat trout. Although visual identifications are not without error, approxiinately unbiased estimates of the percentage of hybrids may be generated front a combination of visual assignments and supplementary genetic analyses. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Baumsteiger, J (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM jason_baumsteiger@fws.gov NR 38 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 134 IS 4 BP 829 EP 840 DI 10.1577/T04-114.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 944FK UT WOS:000230411700004 ER PT J AU Mogen, JT Kaeding, LR AF Mogen, JT Kaeding, LR TI Identification and characterization of migratory and nonmigratory bull trout populations in the St. Mary River drainage, Montana SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; LAKE AB Populations of migratory and nonmigratory bull trout Salvelinus confluentus were identified in the St. Mary River drainage, Montana. Migratory fish were most conspicuous because they were caught in traps operated near creek mouths or moved between creeks. Capture of postspawning bull trout in traps during four consecutive years suggested that most migratory fish had spawned by late September. Migratory bull trout reached maturity mainly as age-5 fish that were typically 300 nm or larger in total length. Estimates based on the recapture of tagged fish in traps indicated that Populations of migratory adult bull trout were significantly larger than the mean values from annual catches of trapped fish. Juvenile migratory bull trout departed natal creeks mainly as age-2 or age-3 fish. The scat-city of age-4 bull trout in trap samples indicated that most migratory age-4 fish were immature and inhabited either the downstream lakes or main-stem river. Conversely, the abundance of age-4 bull trout in electrofishing samples was primary evidence of nonmigratory populations in creeks. The occurrence of age-0 bull trout in electrofishing samples indicated recent spawning and reproduction in five creeks, and annual reproduction was indicated by multiple age-classes of young bull trout. Bull trout had growth rates similar to those of bull trout elsewhere, including marked growth of age-4 fish that ostensibly resulted from their transition to a largely piscivorous diet. Migratory bull trout in the St. Mary River drainage are more common than previously believed and may be more common than in many other regions of the species' natural range. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Montana Fish & Wildlife Management Assistance Off, Branch Natice Fishes Management, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Kaeding, LR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Montana Fish & Wildlife Management Assistance Off, Branch Natice Fishes Management, 4052 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM lynn_kaeding@fws.gov NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 134 IS 4 BP 841 EP 852 DI 10.1577/T04-143.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 944FK UT WOS:000230411700005 ER PT J AU Brouder, MJ AF Brouder, MJ TI Age and growth of roundtail chub in the upper Verde River, Arizona SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UPPER COLORADO-RIVER; DINOSAUR NATIONAL MONUMENT; ASIAN FISH TAPEWORM; GILA-ROBUSTA; NEW-MEXICO; BOTHRIOCEPHALUS-ACHEILOGNATHI; SOUTHWESTERN FISHES; HUMPBACK CHUB; SEEING WELL; GENUS GILA AB Estimates of the age and growth of round-tail chub Gila robusta were made by analyzing thin cross sections of sagittal otoliths from 280 specimens collected in the upper Verde River, Arizona, from January 1997 to December 1999. Marginal increment analysis indicated that a single annulus completed formation between January and May. The use of otoliths to age round-tail chub was further validated using otoliths of knownage, hatchery-reared fish for which (upon examination) the number of annuli agreed 100% of the time with the true age of the fish. In addition, daily increments were observed on sagittal otoliths of age-0 roundtail chub and, when counted, agreed with the true age of fish 70% of the time: daily ring counts were within 1 and 2 d of the true age 80% and 90% of the time, respectively. Ages assigned to wild-caught fish by three independent readers resulted in a coefficient of variation (100 X SD/ mean) of 8.2. Ages of roundtail chub varied from I to 7, the largest fish being a 427-mm total length (TL), 836-g total weight (TW). age-7 female. The largest m ale was 413 turn TL, 629 g TW, and age 6. The growth of age-1-7 roundtail chub (both sexes combined) was greatest during the first year and was best described by the equation L-t = 499.30 [1 - e(-0.23(t-0.147))], where L-t is length at time t. C1 Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Res Branch, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. RP Brouder, MJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arizona Fishery Resources Off, POB 39, Pinetop, AZ 85935 USA. EM mark_brouder@fws.gov NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 134 IS 4 BP 866 EP 871 DI 10.1577/T04-096.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 944FK UT WOS:000230411700007 ER PT J AU Page, KS AF Page, KS TI Genetic evaluation of a Great Lakes lake trout hatchery program SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ATLANTIC SALMON; FISHERY MANAGEMENT; RESTORATION; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; SUPERIOR; MARKERS AB Efforts over several decades to restore lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in U.S. waters of the upper Great Lakes have emphasized the stocking of juveniles from each of six hatchery broodstocks. Retention of genetic diversity across all offspring life history stages throughout the hatchery system has been an important component of the restoration hatchery and stocking program. Different stages of the lake trout hatchery program were examined to determine how effective hatchery practices have been in minimizing the loss of genetic diversity in broodstock adults and in progeny stocked. Microsatellite loci were used to estimate allele frequencies, measures of genetic diversity, and relatedness for wild source populations, hatchery broodstocks, and juveniles. We also estimated the effective number of breeders for each broodstock. Hatchery records were used to track destinations of fertilized eggs from all spawning dates to determine whether adult contributions to stocking programs were proportional to reproductive effort. Overall, management goals of maintaining genetic diversity were met across all stages of the hatchery program; however, we identified key areas where changes in mating regimes and in the distribution of fertilized gametes and juveniles could be improved. Estimates of effective breeding population size (N-b) were 9-41% of the total number of adults spawned. Low estimates of Nb were primarily attributed to spawning practices, including the pooling of gametes from multiple males and females and the reuse of males. Nonrandom selection and distribution of fertilized eggs before stocking accentuated declines in effective breeding population size and increased levels of relatedness of juveniles distributed to different rearing facilities and stocking locales. Adoption of guidelines that decrease adult reproductive variance and promote more equitable reproductive contributions of broodstock adults to juveniles would further enhance management goals of maintaining genetic diversity and minimize probabilities of consanguineous matings among stocked individuals when sexually mature. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Iron River Natl Fish Hatchery, Iron River, WI 54847 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Page, KS (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Res Unit, 1601 Minnesota Dr, Brainard, MN 56401 USA. EM kevin.page@dnr.state.mn.us NR 68 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 134 IS 4 BP 872 EP 891 DI 10.1577/T04-074.1 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 944FK UT WOS:000230411700008 ER PT J AU Tiffan, KF Rondorf, DW Skalicky, JJ AF Tiffan, KF Rondorf, DW Skalicky, JJ TI Diel spawning behavior of chum salmon in the Columbia River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION SONAR; CHINOOK SALMON AB We conducted a study during 2003 in a side channel of the Columbia River downstream of Bonneville Dam to describe the diel spawning behavior of wild chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta. We collected observational data on 14 pairs of chum salmon using a dual-frequency identification sonar. Spawners of both genders were observed chasing intruders during nighttime and daytime as nests were constructed. Regardless of diet period, females were engaged in digging to both construct nests and cover eggs, and courting males exhibited the prespawning behavior of tail-crossing. We observed a total of 13 spawning events, of which 9 occurred at night and 4 occurred during the day. Once chum salmon begin nest construction, visual cues are apparently not required for courtship, nest defense, and spawning. To enhance successful spawning, flows from Bonneville Dam during the spawning season were reduced during the day but were sometimes increased at night to pass water and meet power demand (i.e., reverse loading), the assumption being that chum salmon are inactive at night. Our findings show that this assumption was violated. Therefore, reverse loading may disrupt the complex prespawning behavior that occurs both during the day and at night, as well as attract spawners to areas that were dewatered during the day. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Tiffan, KF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM ken_tiffan@usgs.gov OI Tiffan, Kenneth/0000-0002-5831-2846 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 134 IS 4 BP 892 EP 900 DI 10.1577/T04-150.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 944FK UT WOS:000230411700009 ER PT J AU Pine, WE Kwak, TJ Waters, DS Rice, JA AF Pine, WE Kwak, TJ Waters, DS Rice, JA TI Diet selectivity of introduced flathead catfish in coastal rivers SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PREDATION; FISH AB In two coastal North Carolina rivers (Contentnea Creek and the Northeast Cape Fear River), we found the food habits of introduced flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris to be primarily piscivorous, which could restructure or suppress native fish communities through direct predation. Fish or crayfish contributed more than 50% of the stomach contents by percent occurrence, percent by number, and percent by weight in both rivers during each of 2 years. Significant differences in diet composition (percent by number) were found between rivers and between years in the Northeast Cape Fear River but not between years within Contentnea Creek. Chesson's selectivity index values and trends in relative abundances of fish availability relative to those occurring in the diet suggest that flathead catfish feeding is generally random, indicating that these introduced flathead catfish do not selectively feed on prey species with which they did not coevolve. Our research represents the first assessment of prey selectivity by an introduced ictalurid population and provides evidence of the potential impact on native fish communities through their piscivorous food habits. C1 N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pine, WE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, 7922 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM bill_pine@mote.org NR 26 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 134 IS 4 BP 901 EP 909 DI 10.1577/T04-166.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 944FK UT WOS:000230411700010 ER PT J AU Bringolf, RB Kwak, TJ Cope, WG Larimore, MS AF Bringolf, RB Kwak, TJ Cope, WG Larimore, MS TI Salinity tolerance of flathead catfish: Implications for dispersal of introduced populations SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; CHANNEL; WATER; RIVER; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; FISHES; BLUE AB The flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris is a large predatory fish that has been introduced widely beyond its indigenous range to the detriment of many native fish communities. It disperses rapidly within and among river systems, but its potential to use saltwater or brackish waters for migration and exploitation of marine prey resources is unknown. We evaluated the salinity tolerance of juvenile flathead catfish exposed to NaCl and synthetic seawater (0-34%) in direct-transfer acute toxicity tests. The 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) for fish exposed to NaCl at 18 degrees C was a salinity of 10.0 parts per thousand with a 95% confidence interval (Cl) of 9.0-11.1 parts per thousand, whereas the 96-h LC50 for fish in synthetic seawater (Instant Ocean) at 18 degrees C was 14.5 parts per thousand (95% CI, 13.7-15.5 parts per thousand). To determine whether fish could survive the transition from freshwater to brackish water and then back to freshwater, fish were transferred from freshwater at 18 degrees C to water with a salinity of 8, 11, or 14%c for 24 h and then returned to freshwater for 48 h. Fish exposed to synthetic seawater with a salinity of 8 or I 1%c for 24 h had more than 95% survival for 48 h after transfer to freshwater; however, no fish transferred directly to synthetic seawater with a salinity of 14 parts per thousand survived the 24h exposure period. Additional acclimation tests with fish that were exposed to synthetic seawater in which salinity was increased daily by 4 parts per thousand yielded an LC50 of 15.8 parts per thousand. Our results provide evidence that flathead catfish could tolerate exposure to many brackish waters along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the United States and that the dispersal of introduced flathead catfish populations among rivers may not be limited by estuarine salinities. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Zool, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Kentucky Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Peter W Pfeiffer Fish Hatchery, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Bringolf, RB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM robert_bringolf@ncsu.edu NR 44 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 134 IS 4 BP 927 EP 936 DI 10.1577/T04-195.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 944FK UT WOS:000230411700012 ER PT J AU Modde, T Bowen, ZH Kitcheyan, DC AF Modde, T Bowen, ZH Kitcheyan, DC TI Spatial and temporal use of a spawning site in the middle Green River by wild and hatchery-reared razorback suckers SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID XYRAUCHEN-TEXANUS; MANAGEMENT; COLORADO; FISHES; UTAH AB The population of endangered razorback suckers Xyrauchen texanus in the middle Green River (upper Colorado River basin) has declined during the last 40 years. The apparent cause for this decline is a lack of successful recruitment. This study used radiotelemetry to evaluate the ability of hatchery-reared razorback suckers to locate spawning areas where wild fish congregate during the ascending hydrographic limb of the snowmelt runoff. Hatchery-reared razorback suckers appeared to show similar reproductive behavior to wild fish. Both wild and hatchery-reared fish were found near the middle Green River spawning area between 1 and 25 May 2000. Hatchery fish occupied the same areas on the spawning site as wild fish, and remained on the spawning site during both nocturnal and diurnal hours. Mates were more abundant on the spawning area than females, but the few females captured tended to stage away from the primary spawning area. The results from this study suggest hatchery-reared fish are capable of responding to natural cues that prompt spawning aggregations and are successful in locating existing spawning aggregations of wild fish. Given attention to stocking criteria, including genetic diversity and the size and time of stocking, the challenges of recovering razorback suckers will center on those factors that led to the population declines, particularly the survival of early life stages in off-channel habitats. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Modde, T (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1380 S 2350 W, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. EM tim_modde@fws.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 134 IS 4 BP 937 EP 944 DI 10.1577/T04-097.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 944FK UT WOS:000230411700013 ER PT J AU Petersen, JH Paukert, CP AF Petersen, JH Paukert, CP TI Development of a bioenergetics model for humpback chub and evaluation of water temperature changes in the Grand Canyon, Colorado River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TAPEWORM BOTHRIOCEPHALUS-ACHEILOGNATHI; PHOXINUS-PHOXINUS L; RUTILUS-RUTILUS L; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; PTYCHOCHEILUS-OREGONENSIS; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; COLUMBIA RIVER; NATIVE FISHES; ENERGY BUDGET AB The construction of Glen Canyon Dam above the Grand Canyon (Arizona) has reduced the water temperature in the Colorado River and altered the growth rate and feeding patterns of the federally endangered humpback chub Gila cypha. A bioenergetics model for humpback chub was developed and used to examine how warmer water temperatures in the lower Colorado River (achieved through a temperature control device [TCD] at Glen Canyon Dam) might influence their growth rate and food requirements. Parameter values for humpback chub were developed by Monte Carlo filtering and fitting to laboratory growth. Parameter bounds were established from the literature for Gila species, random parameter sets were selected within these bounds, and the growth of modeled humpback chub was compared with criteria from a laboratory growth experiment at 24 degrees C. This method of parameter estimation could be applied to other imperiled fishes where physiological studies are impractical. Final parameter values were corroborated by comparison with the growth rates of humpback chub from independent field and laboratory studies. Simulations indicated that increasing water temperatures from approximately 9 degrees C to 16 degrees C during summer and fall, the change expected from the TCD, may have a minimal effect on humpback chub growth rate unless food availability also increases with temperature. To evaluate the effects of increased temperatures on humpback chub in the lower Colorado River, it will be essential to monitor their growth rate, the invertebrate community, and the predators of humpback chub, which are also influenced by temperature changes. Bioenergetics models for humpback chub and their predators should be helpful tools for identifying potential scenarios and evaluating the complex interactions resulting from a TCD. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Petersen, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jim-petersen@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 134 IS 4 BP 960 EP 974 DI 10.1577/T04-090.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 944FK UT WOS:000230411700015 ER PT J AU Davis, MW Schreck, CB AF Davis, MW Schreck, CB TI Responses by pacific halibut to air exposure: Lack of correspondence among plasma constituents and mortality SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L; DISCARD MORTALITY; SEAWATER TEMPERATURE; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SEVERE EXERCISE; STRESS REACTION; FRESH-WATER; COHO SALMON; SABLEFISH AB Age-1 and age-2 Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis were exposed to a range of times in air (0-60 min) and air temperatures (10 degrees C or 16 degrees C) that simulated conditions on deck after capture to test for correspondence among responses in plasma constituents and mortality. Pacific halibut mortality generally did not correspond with cortisol, glucose, sodium, and potassium since the maximum observed plasma concentrations were reached after exposure to 30 min in air, while significant mortality occurred only after exposure to 40 min in air for age-1 fish and 60 min in air for age-2 fish. Predicting mortality in discarded Pacific halibut using these plasma constituents does not appear to be feasible. Lactate concentrations corresponded with mortality in age-1 fish exposed to 16 degrees C and may be useful predictors of discard mortality under a limited set of fishing conditions. C1 Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Alasak Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlifev Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Davis, MW (reprint author), Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Alasak Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM michael.w.davis@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 134 IS 4 BP 991 EP 998 DI 10.1577/T04-209.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 944FK UT WOS:000230411700017 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE AF Miranda, LE TI Catch rates relative to angler party size with implications for monitoring angler success SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Angler catch rates often are used to monitor angler success, assess the need for additional management actions, and evaluate the effectiveness of management practices. Potential linkages between catch rate and angler party size were examined to assess how party size might affect the use of catch rate as an index of angler success in recreational fisheries. Data representing 22,355 completed interviews conducted at access points in lakes and reservoirs throughout Mississippi during 1987-2003 were analyzed. Total party catch was not proportional to total party effort; thus, catch rate decreased as party size increased. Depending on the taxa targeted, the average catch rate per angler decreased 40-50% between parties of one and parties of two, although subsequent decreases were less substantial. Because party size accounted for a considerable portion of the variability in catch rate over time and space, failure to remove this variability weakens the manager's ability to detect differences or changes in catch rates. Therefore, the use of catch rates to monitor fisheries may be inappropriate unless party size is taken into account. Party size may influence the angler's ability to catch fish through a variety of processes, including partitioning a limited number of catchable fish among members of a party and party composition. When catch rates are used to estimate total catch rather than to index angler success, party size is not a concern. C1 US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 134 IS 4 BP 1005 EP 1010 DI 10.1577/T04-171.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 944FK UT WOS:000230411700019 ER PT J AU Bond, WJ Keeley, JE AF Bond, WJ Keeley, JE TI Fire as a global 'herbivore': the ecology and evolution of flammable ecosystems SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID WOODY-PLANTS; RAIN-FOREST; NICHE CONSTRUCTION; SEED-GERMINATION; TROPICAL FORESTS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SURFACE FIRES; SAVANNA; AUSTRALIA AB It is difficult to find references to fire in general textbooks on ecology, conservation biology or biogeography, in spite of the fact that large parts of the world burn on a regular basis, and that there is a considerable literature on the ecology of fire and its use for managing ecosystems. Fire has been burning ecosystems for hundreds of millions of years, helping to shape global biome distribution and to maintain the structure and function of fire-prone communities. Fire is also a significant evolutionary force, and is one of the first tools that humans used to re-shape their world. Here, we review the recent literature, drawing parallels between fire and herbivores as alternative consumers of vegetation. We point to the common questions, and some surprisingly different answers, that emerge from viewing fire as a globally significant consumer that is analogous to herbivory. C1 Univ Cape Town, Dept Bot, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Bond, WJ (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Dept Bot, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. EM bond@botzoo.uct.ac.za NR 67 TC 650 Z9 679 U1 64 U2 584 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 20 IS 7 BP 387 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2005.04.025 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 945LR UT WOS:000230504500010 PM 16701401 ER PT J AU Piatek, KB Mitchell, MJ Silva, SR Kendall, C AF Piatek, KB Mitchell, MJ Silva, SR Kendall, C TI Sources of nitrate in snowmelt discharge: Evidence from water chemistry and stable isotopes of nitrate SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE natural abundance isotopes; nitrate pulses; nitrate sources; northern hardwood forest; N-saturation; snowmelt ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK-STATE; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; NITROGEN SATURATION; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; MIXING MODEL; ECOSYSTEMS AB To determine whether NO3- concentration pulses in surface water in early spring snowmelt discharge are due to atmospheric NO3-, we analyzed stream delta(15)N-NO3- and delta(18)O-NO3- values between February and June of 2001 and 2002 and compared them to those of throughfall, bulk precipitation, snow, and groundwater. Stream total A1, DOC and Si concentrations were used to indicate preferential water flow through the forest floor, mineral soil, and ground water. The study was conducted in a 135-ha subcatchment of the Arbutus Watershed in the Huntington Wildlife Forest in the Adirondack Region of New York State, U. S. A. Stream discharge in 2001 increased from 0.6 before to 32.4mm day(-1) during snowmelt, and element concentrations increased from 33 to 71 mu mol L-1 for NO3-, 3 to 9 mu mol L-1 for total A1, and 330 to 570 mu mol L-1 for DOC. Discharge in 2002 was variable, with a maximum of 30mm day(-1) during snowmelt. The highest NO3-, A1, and DOC concentrations were 52, 10, and 630 mu mol L-1, respectively, and dissolved Si decreased from 148 mu mol L-1 before to 96 mu mol L-1 during snowmelt. Values of delta(15)N and delta(18)O of NO3- in stream water were similar in both years. Stream water, atmospherically-derived solutions, and groundwaters had overlapping delta(15)N-NO3- values. In stream and groundwater, delta(18)O-NO3- values ranged from +5.9 to +12.9% and were significantly lower than the +58.3 to +78.7% values in atmospheric solutions. Values of delta(18)O-NO3- indicating nitrification, increase in A1 and DOC, and decrease in dissolved Si concentrations indicating water flow through the soil suggested a dilution of groundwater NO3- by increasing contributions of forest floor and mineral soil NO3- during snowmelt. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Piatek, KB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM kathryn.piatek@mail.wvu.edu NR 66 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 165 IS 1-4 BP 13 EP 35 DI 10.1007/s11270-005-4641-8 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 954LM UT WOS:000231156600003 ER PT J AU Wall, GR Ingleston, HH Litten, S AF Wall, GR Ingleston, HH Litten, S TI Calculating mercury loading to the tidal Hudson River, New York, using rating curve and surrogate methodologies SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Hudson River; load; mercury; Mohawk River; rating curve; surrogate; suspended-sediment concentration; yield ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; TRANSPORT; METHYLMERCURY AB Total mercury (THg) load in rivers is often calculated from a site-specific "rating-curve" based on the relation between THg concentration and river discharge along with a continuous record of river discharge. However, there is no physical explanation as to why river discharge should consistently predict THg or any other suspended analyte. THg loads calculated by the rating-curve method were compared with those calculated by a "continuous surrogate concentration" (CSC) method in which a relation between THg concentration and suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) is constructed; THg loads then can be calculated from the continuous record of SSC and river discharge. The rating-curve and CSC methods, respectively, indicated annual THg loads of 46.4 and 75.1 kg for the Mohawk River, and 52.9 and 33.1 kg for the upper Hudson River. Differences between the results of the two methods are attributed to the inability of the rating-curve method to adequately characterize atypical high flows such as an ice-dam release, or to account for hysteresis, which typically degrades the strength of the relation between stream discharge and concentration of material in suspension. C1 US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY 12233 USA. RP Wall, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM grwall@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 165 IS 1-4 BP 233 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s11270-005-5146-1 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 954LM UT WOS:000231156600015 ER PT J AU Smith, JT Flake, LD Higgins, KF Kobriger, GD Homer, CG AF Smith, JT Flake, LD Higgins, KF Kobriger, GD Homer, CG TI Evaluating lek occupancy of Greater Sage-Grouse in relation to landscape cultivation in the Dakotas SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Greater Sage-Grouse; lek; North Dakota; satellite imagery; South Dakota ID SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; HABITAT; PREDATION; CLASSIFICATION; MOVEMENTS; TREES; NESTS AB Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have been declining in many states and provinces of North America, and North and South Dakota hold no exception to these declines. We studied effects of cultivated land on Greater Sage-Grouse lek abandonment in North and South Dakota. Landscape-level data were assessed using satellite imagery within a geographic information system. Comparisons were made of 1972-1976 and 1999-2000 pet-cent cultivated and noncultivated land. These comparisons were made between land uses surrounding active leks versus inactive leks, active leks versus random locations, and abandoned regions versus active regions. The 1999-2000 imagery illustrated that percent Cultivated land was greater near abandoned leks (4-km buffers) than near active leks in North Dakota or random sites, but this did not hold true in South Dakota. Comparison of an extensive region of abandoned leks with a region of active leks in North Dakota illustrated a similar increase as well as dispersion of cultivation within the abandoned region. However, 1972-1976 imagery revealed that this relationship between percentage of cultivated land and lek activity in North Dakota has been static over the last 30 years. Thus, if the decline of Greater Sage-Grouse is the result of cultivated land infringements, it occurred prior to 1972 in North Dakota. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota State Univ, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. N Dakota Game & Fish Dept, Dickinson, ND 58601 USA. Earth Resources Observat Syst Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Smith, JT (reprint author), Box 212, Lawton, IA 51030 USA. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JUL PY 2005 VL 65 IS 3 BP 310 EP 320 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 953TA UT WOS:000231102200002 ER PT J AU Bender, LC Cook, JG AF Bender, LC Cook, JG TI Nutritional condition of elk in Rocky Mountain National Park SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Cervus elaphus; condition; ecological carrying capacity; elk; nutrition ID SURVIVAL; PREGNANCY; DYNAMICS; COLORADO; FOREST AB We tested the hypothesis that elk in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) were at ecological carrying capacity by determining herd-specific levels of nutritional condition and fecundity. Ingesta-free body fat levels in adult cows that were lactating were 10.6% (s = 1.7; range = 6.2-15.4) and 7.7% (s = 0.5; range = 5.9-10.1) in November 2001 for the Horseshoe and Moraine Park herds, respectively. Cows that were not lactating were able to accrue significantly more body fat: 14.0% (s = 1.1; range = 7.7-19.3) and 11.5% (s = 0.8; range = 8.6-15.1) for the Horseshoe and Moraine Park herds, respectively. Cow elk lost most of their body fat over winter (April 2002 levels were 3.9% [s = 0.4] and 2.9% [s = 0.4] for the Horseshoe and Moraine Park herds, respectively). Nutritional condition indicated that both Horseshoe Park and Moraine Park elk were well below condition levels elk can achieve on very good-excellent nutrition (i.e., > 15% body fat; Cook et al. 2004) and were comparable to other free-ranging elk populations. However, condition levels were higher than those expected at a "food-limited" carrying capacity, and a proportion of elk in each herd were able to achieve condition levels indicative of very good-excellent nutrition. Elk in RMNP are likely regulated and/or limited by a complex combination of density-independent (including significant heterogeneity in forage conditions across RMNP's landscape) and density-dependent processes, as condition levels contradict a simple density-dependent model of a population at ecological carrying capacity. C1 US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Forage & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Bender, LC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 30003 MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JUL PY 2005 VL 65 IS 3 BP 329 EP 334 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 953TA UT WOS:000231102200004 ER PT J AU Beever, EA Pyke, DA Chambers, JC Landau, F Smith, SD AF Beever, EA Pyke, DA Chambers, JC Landau, F Smith, SD TI Monitoring temporal change in riparian vegetation of Great Basin National Park SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE riparian ecosystems; monitoring; woody vegetation; Great Basin National Park; livestock removal; disturbance ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; LOTIC ECOSYSTEMS; NORTH-AMERICA; RECOVERY; STREAM; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS; RIVER AB Disturbance in riparian areas of semiarid ecosystems involves complex interactions of pulsed hydrologic flows, herbivory, fire, climatic effects, and anthropogenic influences. We resampled riparian vegetation within ten 10-m x 100-m plots that were initially sampled in 1992 in 4 watersheds of the Snake Range, east central Nevada. Our finding of significantly lower coverage of grasses, forbs, and shrubs within plots in 2001 compared with 1992 was not consistent with the management decision to remove livestock grazing from the watersheds in 1999. Change over time in cover of life-forms or bare ground was not predicted by seat counts within plots in 2001. Cover results were also not well explained by variability between the 2 sampling periods in either density of native herbivores or annual precipitation. In contrast, Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) exhibited reduced abundance at all but the highest-elevation plot in which it occurred in 1992, and the magnitude of change in abundance was strongly predicted by plot elevation. Abundance of white fir (Abies concolor) individuals increased while aspen (Populus tremuloides) individuals decreased at 4 of 5 sites where they were sympatric, and changes in abundance in the 2 species were negatively correlated across those sites. Utility of monitoring data to detect change over time and contribute to adaptive management will van, with sample size, observer bias, use of repeatable or published methods, and precision of measurements, among other factors. C1 USGS BRD Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Intermt Res Stn, Reno, NV USA. Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Beever, EA (reprint author), NPS Great Lakes Network, 2800 Lake Shore Dr E,Suite D, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. NR 71 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JUL PY 2005 VL 65 IS 3 BP 382 EP 402 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 953TA UT WOS:000231102200010 ER PT J AU Geluso, K Mollhagen, TR Tigner, JM Bogan, MA AF Geluso, K Mollhagen, TR Tigner, JM Bogan, MA TI Westward expansion of the eastern pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus) in the United States, including new records from New Mexico, South Dakota, and Texas SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Pipistrellus subflavus; eastern pipistrelle; westward expansion; distribution; New Mexico; South Dakota; Texas ID VESPERTILIONIDAE; NEBRASKA; BATS C1 Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Arid Lands Field Stn, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Batworks, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Geluso, K (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Arid Lands Field Stn, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JUL PY 2005 VL 65 IS 3 BP 405 EP 409 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 953TA UT WOS:000231102200012 ER PT J AU Scoppettone, GG Salgado, JA Nielsen, MB AF Scoppettone, GG Salgado, JA Nielsen, MB TI Blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) predation on fishes in the Muddy River system, Clark County, Nevada SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE blue tilapia; predation; Muddy River; Moapa dace; Moapa White River springfish ID FEEDING-HABITS; MOAPA-CORIACEA C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Reno, NV 89502 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV 89502 USA. RP Scoppettone, GG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, 1340 Financial Blvd,Suite 161, Reno, NV 89502 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JUL PY 2005 VL 65 IS 3 BP 410 EP 414 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 953TA UT WOS:000231102200013 ER PT J AU Gustafson, LL Stoskopf, MK Bogan, AE Showers, W Kwak, TJ Hanlon, S Levine, JF AF Gustafson, LL Stoskopf, MK Bogan, AE Showers, W Kwak, TJ Hanlon, S Levine, JF TI Evaluation of a nonlethal technique for hemolymph collection in Elliptio complanata, a freshwater bivalve (Mollusca : Unionidae) SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE unionidae; freshwater mussels; hemolymph; nonlethal sampling ID MUSSELS DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; ANODONTA-ANATINA; BODY-FLUIDS; GLUCOSE-CONCENTRATIONS; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; APALACHICOLA BAY; AMBLEMA-PLICATA; EASTERN OYSTERS; GROWTH; CLAMS AB Hemolymph, the circulatory fluid of bivalves, transports nutrients, respiratory gases, enzymes, metabolic wastes, and toxicants throughout the body. Hemolymph can provide information pertinent to health assessment of animals or populations, but is not commonly used in freshwater bivalves partly because of the lack of tested, practical techniques for its nonlethal collection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hemolymph collection on the growth and survival of Elliptio complanata, a freshwater bivalve (Unionidae). We describe a simple technique for the collection of hemolymph from the anterior adductor muscle sinus of E. complanata. To evaluate the effect of hemolymph sampling on mussel survival and growth, 30 mussels sampled using the technique and 30 unsampled controls were followed for 3 mo post collection. Nine animals were sampled 3 times over 7 mo to monitor effects of repeated sampling. No negative impacts on survival or growth were observed in either the singly or repeatedly sampled animals. We also compared the composition of hemolymph collected from the adductor muscle sinus with that collected from the ventricle of the heart. Calcium levels and cell count of hemolymph obtained from the adductor sinus and ventricle were significantly different. There was no significant difference between collection sites for magnesium, phosphorus, ammonia, protein, sodium, potassium, or chloride. We conclude that collection of hemolymph from the adductor sinus is safe for sampled E. complanata and should be explored as a relatively non-invasive, and potentially useful, approach to the evaluation of freshwater mussel health. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Museum Nat Sci, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Phys & Math Sci, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Levine, JF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Box 8401, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM jay_levine@ncsu.edu RI Bogan, Arthur/G-7658-2016 OI Bogan, Arthur/0000-0003-4042-7706 NR 29 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 65 IS 2 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.3354/dao065159 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 966CJ UT WOS:000231996900009 PM 16060269 ER PT J AU Gustafson, LL Stoskopf, MK Showers, W Cope, G Eads, C Linnehan, R Kwak, TJ Andersen, B Levine, JF AF Gustafson, LL Stoskopf, MK Showers, W Cope, G Eads, C Linnehan, R Kwak, TJ Andersen, B Levine, JF TI Reference ranges for hemolymph chemistries from Elliptio complanata of North Carolina SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Elliptio complanata; hemolymph; hematology; reference ranges ID FRESH-WATER BIVALVE; ANODONTA-ANATINA; ACID-BASE; GLUCOSE-CONCENTRATIONS; GLYCOGEN-CONTENT; BODY-FLUIDS; UNIONIDAE; STRESS; PARAMETERS; RECOVERY AB Hemolymph chemistries may be useful nonlethal measures of bivalve health. The prognostic value of hemolymph, however, depends on a comparison of chemistry results to reference ranges from healthy individuals. Currently, knowledge of expected hemolymph values in healthy and unhealthy freshwater mussels is extremely limited. The purpose of this study was to develop a set of reference ranges for clinical evaluation of hemolymph from a freshwater mussel species common to southeastern USA. We collected hemolymph from 380 Elliptio complanata from 19 apparently healthy populations from northwest of Raleigh, North Carolina, during May through July 2001. We present reference ranges for hemolymph parameters ammonia, glucose, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bicarbonate, protein and cell count, and for tissue glycogen. We compare the subpopulations of mussels from regions with an agricultural riparian buffer to those surrounded predominantly by forested lands. We further present correlations noted between hemolymph chemistries and physical or physiologic parameters. The only statistically significant differences between populations contiguous to agricultural and forested lands were in hemolymph calcium and glucose concentrations. Other statistically significant correlations identified were between gravidity and hemolymph protein concentration and tissue glycogen content, as well as between gravidity and parasite burden, and between shell length and hemolymph glucose, AST, calcium and bicarbonate concentrations. The results of this study will aid the interpretation of health measures from populations of E. complanata of similar geographic and seasonal origin. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Phys & Math Sci, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Levine, JF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Box 8401, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM jay_levine@ncsu.edu NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 65 IS 2 BP 167 EP 176 DI 10.3354/dao065167 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 966CJ UT WOS:000231996900010 PM 16060270 ER PT J AU Lacy, JR Sherwood, CR Wilson, DJ Chisholm, TA Gelfenbaum, GR AF Lacy, JR Sherwood, CR Wilson, DJ Chisholm, TA Gelfenbaum, GR TI Estimating hydrodynamic roughness in a wave-dominated environment with a high-resolution acoustic Doppler profiler SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID BOTTOM BOUNDARY-LAYER; BED ROUGHNESS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; GENERATED RIPPLES; INNER SHELF; SEDIMENT; GEOMETRY; FLOW; PREDICTIONS; TURBULENCE AB Hydrodynamic roughness is a critical parameter for characterizing bottom drag in boundary layers, and it varies both spatially and temporally due to variation in grain size, bedforms, and saltating sediment. In this paper we investigate temporal variability in hydrodynamic roughness using velocity profiles in the bottom boundary layer measured with a high-resolution acoustic Doppler profiler (PCADP). The data were collected on the ebb-tidal delta off Grays Harbor, Washington, in a mean water depth of 9 m. Significant wave height ranged from 0.5 to 3 m. Bottom roughness has rarely been determined from hydrodynamic measurements under conditions such as these, where energetic waves and medium-to-fine sand produce small bedforms. Friction velocity due to current u* c and apparent bottom roughness z0a were determined from the PCADP burst mean velocity profiles using the law of the wall. Bottom roughness k(B) was estimated by applying the Grant-Madsen model for wave-current interaction iteratively until the model u(*) (c) converged with values determined from the data. The resulting k(B) values ranged over 3 orders of magnitude (10(-1) to 10(-4) m) and varied inversely with wave orbital diameter. This range of k(B) influences predicted bottom shear stress considerably, suggesting that the use of time-varying bottom roughness could significantly improve the accuracy of sediment transport models. Bedform height was estimated from k(B) and is consistent with both ripple heights predicted by empirical models and bedforms in sonar images collected during the experiment. C1 US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 94060 USA. Oregon Grad Inst, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Imagenex Technol Corp, Port Coquitlam, BC V3C 4Z1, Canada. RP Lacy, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 94060 USA. EM jlacy@usgs.gov; csherwood@usgs.gov; dougw@ese.ogi.edu; chisholm@ese.ogi.edu; ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C6 AR C06014 DI 10.1029/2003JC001814 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 945DO UT WOS:000230482200001 ER PT J AU Stolper, D List, JH Thieler, ER AF Stolper, D List, JH Thieler, ER TI Simulating the evolution of coastal morphology and stratigraphy with a new morphological-behaviour model (GEOMBEST) SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coastal evolution model; sea level rise; barrier island; outer banks; Columbia River; Missoula floods ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SHOREFACE PROFILE; NORTH-CAROLINA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SEDIMENT; EQUILIBRIUM; SYSTEM; BEACH; WASHINGTON; DYNAMICS AB A new morphological-behaviour model is used to simulate evolution of coastal morphology associated with cross-shore translations of the shoreface, barrier, and estuary. The model encapsulates qualitative principles drawn from established geological concepts that are parameterized to provide quantitative predictions of morphological change on geological time scales (order 10(3) years), as well as shorter time scales applicable for long-term coastal management (order 10(1) to 10(2) years). Changes in sea level, and sediment volume within the shoreface, barrier, and estuary, drive the model behaviour. Further parameters, defirring substrate credibility, sediment composition, and time-dependent shoreface response, constrain the evolution of the shoreface towards an equilibrium profile. Results from numerical experiments are presented for the low-gradient autochthonous setting of North Carolina and the steep allochthonous setting of the Washington shelf. Simulations in the Currituck region of North Carolina examined the influence of sediment supply, substrate composition, and substrate erodibility on barrier transgression. Results demonstrate that the presence of a lithified substrate reduces the rate of barrier transgession compared to scenarios where an erodible, sand-rich substrate exists. Simulations of the Washington coast, 20 km north of the Columbia River, confirmed that the model can reproduce complex stratigraphy involving regressive and transgressive phases of coastal evolution. Results suggest that the first major addition of sediment to the shelf occurred around 12 900 years ago and resulted from the rapid addition of sediment volume from the Columbia River attributed to the Missoula floods. This was followed by a period where little or no sediment was added (12400-9100 BP) and a third period when most sediment was added to the shelf (9100 BP to present) from the Columbia River. Comparing results from each setting demonstrates an indirect control that substrate slope has on shoreface transgression rates. Shoreface transgression is shown to be sensitive to the rate of estuarine sedimentation, with the sensitivity increasing as substrate slope decreases. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Field Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP List, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Field Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jlist@usgs.gov OI thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717 NR 59 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 218 IS 1-4 BP 17 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2005.02.019 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 942IA UT WOS:000230274900002 ER PT J AU Nelson, R Keller, C Ratnaswamy, M AF Nelson, R Keller, C Ratnaswamy, M TI Locating and estimating the extent of Delmarva fox squirrel habitat using an airborne LiDAR profiler SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE habitat mapping; profiling LiDAR; airborne laser ID LASER SCANNER DATA; PATCH ISOLATION METRICS; QUANTILE ESTIMATORS; FOREST INVENTORY; TREE HEIGHT; ALTIMETER; BIOMASS; LANDSCAPES; VEGETATION; SYSTEM AB Two thousand five hundred thirty-nine kilometers of airborne laser profiling and videography data were acquired over the state of Delaware during the summer of 2000. The laser ranging measurements and video from approximately one-half of that data set (1304 km) were analyzed to identify and locate forested sites that might potentially support populations of Delmarva fox squirrel (DFS, Sciurus niger cinereus). The DFS is an endangered species previously endemic to tall, dense, mature forests with open understories on the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay. The airborne LiDAR employed in this study can measure forest canopy height and canopy closure, but cannot measure or infer understory canopy conditions. This airborne LiDAR profiler, then, must be viewed as a tool that identifies and locates potential, not actual, habitat. Fifty-three potentially suitable DFS sites were identified in the 1304 km of flight transect data. Each of the 53 sites met the following criteria according to the LiDAR and video record: (1) at least 120 in of contiguous forest;, (2) an average canopy height > 20 m; (3) an average canopy closure of > 80%; and (4) no roofs, impervious surface (e.g., asphalt, concrete), and/or open water anywhere along the 120 m length of the laser segment. Thirty-two of the 53 sites were visited on the ground and measurements taken for a DFS habitat suitability model. Seventy-eight percent of the sites (25 of 32) were judged by the model to be suited to supporting a DFS population. All of the LiDAR flight data, 2539 km, were analyzed to estimate county and statewide forest area in different height/canopy closure classes. Approximately 3.3% of Delaware (17,137 ha) supports forest over 20 in tall with crown closures exceeding 80%; the corresponding county percentages are Newcastle County-6.1% (6823 ha), Kent County-2.2% (3431 ha), and Sussex County-2.7% (6883 ha). Estimates of average within-patch crossing distance and average between-patch distances are reported, by county, and for the state. Study results indicate that: 1) systematic airborne LiDAR data can be used to screen extensive areas to locate potential DFS habitat; 2) 78% of sites meeting certain minimum length, height, and canopy closure criteria will support DFS populations, according to a habitat suitability model; 3) airborne LiDAR can be used to calculate county and state acreage estimates of potential habitat, and 4) the linear transect data can be used to calculate patch statistics. The authors suggest that the systematic county and state flight lines can be revisited at intervals to monitor changes to the areal extent of potential habitat over time. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Threatened & Endangered Species Program, Chesapeake Bay Fiel Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Nelson, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Code 614-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Ross.F.Nelson@nasa.gov; Cherry_Keller@fws.gov; Mary_Ratnaswamy@fws.gov RI Nelson, Ross/H-8266-2014 NR 42 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 96 IS 3-4 BP 292 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.02.012 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 948NG UT WOS:000230722000002 ER PT J AU Petersen, MJ Parker, CR Bernard, E AF Petersen, MJ Parker, CR Bernard, E TI The crane flies (Diptera : Tipuloidea) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE ATBI; Ptychopteridae; Tipuloidea; Trichoceridae; Great Smoky Mountains ID TIPULIDAE AB The list of crane flies ( Diptera: Ptychopteridae, Tipuloidea, Trichoceridae) known from Great Smoky Mountains National Park is updated. Sampling in association with the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory of Great Smoky Mountains National Park resulted in the addition of 107 new Park records, bringing the current list to 250 species. This species assemblage is much richer than those of surrounding areas, although similar in composition. Total richness is estimated to be between 450 and 500 species for Great Smoky Mountains National Park. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Petersen, MJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, 3211 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM mp13@iastate.edu; Chuck_Parker@usgs.gov; ebernard@utk.edu NR 35 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 30 PY 2005 IS 1013 BP 1 EP 18 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 940WO UT WOS:000230176800001 ER PT J AU Hubert, TD Bernardy, JA Vue, C Dawson, VK Boogaard, MA Schreier, TM Gingerich, WH AF Hubert, TD Bernardy, JA Vue, C Dawson, VK Boogaard, MA Schreier, TM Gingerich, WH TI Residues of the lampricides 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol and Niclosamide in muscle tissue of rainbow trout SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE TFM; TFM-glucuronide; niclosamide; niclosamide-glucuronide; niclosamide-sulfate; iampricide residues; rainbow trout; muscle ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; IN-VIVO METABOLISM; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ROUTINE TREATMENT; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAPID LOSS; FISH; DISPOSITION; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; IDENTIFICATION AB Rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) were exposed to the C-14-labeled lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) (2.1 mg/L) or niclosamide (0.055 mg/L) in an aerated static water bath for 24 h. Fish were sacrificed immediately after exposure. Subsamples of skin-on muscle tissue were analyzed for residues of the lampricides. The primary residues in muscle tissue from fish exposed to TFM were parent TFM (1.08 +/- 0.82 nmol/g) and TFM-glucuronide (0.44 +/- 0.24 nmol/g). Muscle tissue from fish exposed to niclosamide contained niclosamide (1.42 +/- 0.51 nmol/g), niclosamide-glucuronicle (0.0644 +/- 0.0276 nmol/g), and a metabolite not previously reported, niclosamide sulfate ester (1.12 +/- 0.33 nmol/g). C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Hubert, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM thubert@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 29 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 13 BP 5342 EP 5346 DI 10.1021/jf050156o PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 938ZB UT WOS:000230040800043 PM 15969516 ER PT J AU Albuja, L Gardner, AL AF Albuja, L Gardner, AL TI A new species of Lonchophylla Thomas (Chiroptera : Phyllostomidae) from Ecuador SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID BATS AB We describe Lonchopkylla orcesi, sp. nov., from the Choco, a region of high biotic diversity, endemism, and rainfall along the western Andean slopes and Pacific lowlands of Colombia and Ecuador. One of the largest known Lonchophylla, it occurs sympatrically with at least two other species of Lonchophylla including the similar, but somewhat smaller L. robusta. We also recognize L. concava as a Middle American Province species distinct from L. mordax of Brazil and Bolivia on the basis of cranial and dental features. C1 Escuela Politec Nacl, Dept Ciencias Biol, Quito, Ecuador. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Albuja, L (reprint author), Escuela Politec Nacl, Dept Ciencias Biol, Apartado 17-01-2759, Quito, Ecuador. EM lalbuja@server.epn.edu.ecu; gardnera@si.edu NR 21 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUN 29 PY 2005 VL 118 IS 2 BP 442 EP 449 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2005)118[442:ANSOLT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 941OF UT WOS:000230223400017 ER PT J AU Smith, JA Sturdevant-Rees, P Baeck, ML Larsen, MC AF Smith, JA Sturdevant-Rees, P Baeck, ML Larsen, MC TI Tropical cyclones and the flood hydrology of Puerto Rico SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CATASTROPHIC RAINFALL; CENTRAL APPALACHIANS; UNITED-STATES; HURRICANES; BASIN; REFLECTIVITY; LANDSLIDES; INTENSITY; EVOLUTION; DISCHARGE AB Some of the largest unit discharge flood peaks in the stream gaging records of the U. S. Geological Survey ( USGS) have occurred in Puerto Rico. Many of these flood peaks are associated with tropical cyclones. Hurricane Georges, which passed directly over the island on 21-22 September 1998, produced record flood peaks at numerous USGS stations in Puerto Rico. The hydrology and hydrometeorology of extreme flood response in Puerto Rico are examined through analyses of rainfall, based on Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler ( WSR-88D) radar reflectivity observations and USGS rain gage observations and discharge from USGS stream gaging stations. Peak rainfall accumulations of more than 700 mm occurred in the central mountain region of the island. The largest unit discharge flood peaks, however, were located in the eastern portion of the island in areas with smaller storm total rainfall accumulations but markedly larger rainfall rates at 5-60 min timescale. Orographic precipitation mechanisms played an important role in rainfall distribution over the island of Puerto Rico. Amplification of rainfall accumulations was associated with areas of upslope motion. Elevated low-level cloud water content in regions of upslope motion played an important role in the maximum rainfall accumulations in the central mountain region of Puerto Rico. The largest unit discharge flood peaks, however, were produced by a decaying eye wall mesovortex, which resulted in a 30-45 min period of extreme rainfall rates over the eastern portion of the island. This storm element was responsible for the record flood peak of the Rio Grande de Loiza. The role of terrain in development and evolution of the eye wall mesovortex is unclear but is of fundamental importance for assessing extreme flood response from the storm. Hydrologic response is examined through analyses of rainfall and discharge from five pairs of drainage basins, extending from east to west over the island. These analyses point to the importance of short-term rainfall rates for extreme flood response. The hydrologic response of Puerto Rico is compared with two other extreme flood environments, the central Appalachians and Edwards Plateau of Texas. These analyses suggest that the high rainfall environment of Puerto Rico is linked to the development of a hydraulically efficient drainage system. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Smith, JA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jsmith@princeton.edu NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN 29 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 6 AR W06020 DI 10.1029/2004WR003530 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 945EE UT WOS:000230484100003 ER PT J AU Monsch, KA Fierstine, HL Weems, RE AF Monsch, KA Fierstine, HL Weems, RE TI Taxonomic revision and stratigraphic provenance of 'Histiophorus rotundus' Woodward 1901 (teleostei, perciformes) SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Until recently, dagger Histiophorlis rotundits Woodward 1901, was known from a single, poorly preserved rostrum from the Tertiary phosphate beds near Charleston, South Carolina, an area from which many fossils have been described. The specimen is relatively featureless externally; its internal anatomy is unknown and the documentation of its geological provenance was poor. In an earlier revision the species was transferred to the fossil billfish genus dagger Xiphiorhynchits Van Beneden, 1871. Here we confirm this designation, supported by new morphological studies of the holotype, recently found specimens of dagger Xiphiorhynchits rotundus (Woodward, 1901), and the stratigraphic record of dagger Xiphiorhynchits. The systematic paleontology we present is a contribution to the taxonomic revision of billfishes world-wide. Because the holotype is heavily phosphatized and the type locality was vaguely described, we discuss the geology of the phosphate mining districts of the Charleston region. Based on our studies, we can narrow the possible age of the holotype to late Oligocene or early Miocene. We suggest dagger X. rotundus was extinct by the Burdigalian. C1 Univ Wroclaw, Inst Zool, Dept Vertebrate Zool, PL-50335 Wroclaw, Poland. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. US Geol Survey, MS Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Monsch, KA (reprint author), Univ Wroclaw, Inst Zool, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Ul H Sienkiewicza 21, PL-50335 Wroclaw, Poland. EM kmonsch@biol.uni.wroc.pl NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD JUN 27 PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 274 EP 279 DI 10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0274:TRASPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 941MS UT WOS:000230219500002 ER PT J AU De Angelis, S McNutt, SR AF De Angelis, S McNutt, SR TI Degassing and hydrothermal activity at Mt. Spurr, Alaska during the summer of 2004 inferred from the complex frequencies of long-period events SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LINEAR DYNAMIC-SYSTEM; FLUID-DRIVEN CRACK; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; SOURCE MECHANISM; VOLCANIC TREMOR; HARMONIC TREMOR; EARTHQUAKES; RESONANCE; ERUPTION; MODEL AB [ 1] Results of analyses of unusual long-period earthquakes, recorded between July and September 2004 at Mt. Spurr, Alaska, are presented. The waveforms of these events are characterized by quasi-sinusoidal signatures of long duration ( up to 40 sec) with slowly decaying amplitudes; bandwidths of 0.5-4.0 Hz are typical; amplitude spectra are marked by strong and sharp peaks, reflecting the quasi-monochromatic nature of the signal. The temporal variations of the complex frequencies are investigated by use of the Sompi method; the dominant mode is resolved and its Q factor estimated for each available event. Dominant frequencies are found in the band 0.8-2.2 Hz with Q varying between 25 and 100. The variations of the complex frequencies show an overall decline with time. The dynamic response of a shallow fracture filled with bubbly water to the flux of hot gases from depth, is proposed as a possible mechanism for the generation of the observed waveforms. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP De Angelis, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr,POB 757320, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM silvio@giseis.alaska.edu; steve@giseis.alaska.edu OI De Angelis, Silvio/0000-0003-2636-3056 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 25 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 12 AR L12312 DI 10.1029/2005GL022618 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 940UB UT WOS:000230169900001 ER PT J AU Iverson, RM AF Iverson, RM TI Regulation of landslide motion by dilatancy and pore pressure feedback SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID GRANULAR-MATERIALS; FLOW SLIDES; ROCK MASSES; MOVEMENT; MODEL; SHEAR; SOIL; GROUNDWATER; GENERATION; EQUATION AB [ 1] A new mathematical model clarifies how diverse styles and rates of landslide motion can result from regulation of Coulomb friction by dilation or contraction of water-saturated basal shear zones. Normalization of the model equations shows that feedback due to coupling between landslide motion, shear zone volume change, and pore pressure change depends on a single dimensionless parameter alpha, which, in turn, depends on the dilatancy angle psi and the intrinsic timescales for pore pressure generation and dissipation. If shear zone soil contracts during slope failure, then alpha < 0, and positive pore pressure feedback and runaway acceleration are inevitable. If the shear zone dilates, then alpha > 0, and negative feedback permits slow, steady landslide motion to occur while positive pore pressure is supplied by rain infiltration. Steady state slip velocities nu(0) obey nu(0) = -( K/psi) p(*e), where K is the hydraulic conductivity and p(*e) is the normalized ( dimensionless) negative pore pressure generated by dilation. If rain infiltration and attendant pore pressure growth continue unabated, however, their influence ultimately overwhelms the stabilizing influence of negative p(e)(*). Then, unbounded landslide acceleration occurs, accentuated by an instability that develops if y diminishes as landslide motion proceeds. Nonetheless, numerical solutions of the model equations show that slow, nearly steady motion of a clay-rich landslide may persist for many months as a result of negative pore pressure feedback that regulates basal Coulomb friction. Similarly stabilized motion is less likely to occur in sand-rich landslides that are characterized by weaker negative feedback. C1 US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Iverson, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Court 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM riverson@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JUN 25 PY 2005 VL 110 IS F2 AR F02015 DI 10.1029/2004JF000268 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 940UH UT WOS:000230170500003 ER PT J AU Guo, QF AF Guo, QF TI Plant communities - Ecosystem maturity and performance SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID STABILITY; FORESTS C1 US Geol Survey, NPWRC, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Guo, QF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, NPWRC, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM qguo@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 23 PY 2005 VL 435 IS 7045 BP E6 EP E6 DI 10.1038/nature03583 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 937ZT UT WOS:000229970400036 PM 15973361 ER PT J AU ten Brink, U AF ten Brink, U TI Vertical motions of the Puerto Rico Trench and Puerto Rico and their cause SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SUBDUCTION ZONE; VIRGIN-ISLANDS; NEW-ZEALAND; EARTHQUAKE RELOCATION; CARBONATE PLATFORMS; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; GPS MEASUREMENTS; CHALLENGER DEEP; DYNAMIC-MODELS; NORTH COAST AB [ 1] The Puerto Rico trench exhibits great water depth, an extremely low gravity anomaly, and a tilted carbonate platform between ( reconstructed) elevations of +1300 m and -4000 m. I argue that these features are manifestations of large vertical movements of a segment of the Puerto Rico trench, its forearc, and the island of Puerto Rico that took place 3.3 m. y. ago over a time period as short as 14-40 kyr. I explain these vertical movements by a sudden increase in the slab's descent angle that caused the trench to subside and the island to rise. The increased dip could have been caused by shearing or even by a complete tear of the descending North American slab, although the exact nature of this deformation is unknown. The rapid ( 14-40 kyr) and uniform tilt along a 250 km long section of the trench is compatible with scales of mantle flow and plate bending. The proposed shear zone or tear is inferred from seismic, morphological, and gravity observations to start at the trench at 64.5 degrees W and trend southwestwardly toward eastern Puerto Rico. The tensile stresses necessary to deform or tear the slab could have been generated by increased curvature of the trench following a counterclockwise rotation of the upper plate and by the subduction of a large seamount. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP ten Brink, U (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM utenbrink@usgs.gov RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 NR 66 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 22 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B6 AR B06404 DI 10.1029/2004JB003459 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 940UN UT WOS:000230171200001 ER PT J AU Branfireun, BA Krabbenhoft, DP Hintelmann, H Hunt, RJ Hurley, JP Rudd, JWM AF Branfireun, BA Krabbenhoft, DP Hintelmann, H Hunt, RJ Hurley, JP Rudd, JWM TI Speciation and transport of newly deposited mercury in a boreal forest wetland: A stable mercury isotope approach SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID METHYL MERCURY; METHYLMERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; SULFATE STIMULATION; ACID-RAIN; WATER; LAKE; ECOSYSTEMS; CONTAMINATION; EVERGLADES AB [ 1] As part of the Mercury Experiment to Assess Atmospheric Loadings in Canada and the United States ( METAALICUS) the fate and transport of contemporary mercury ( Hg) deposition in a boreal wetland was investigated using an experimentally applied stable mercury isotope. We applied high purity ( 99.2% +/- 0.1) (202) Hg( II) to a wetland plot to determine if ( 1) the Hg-202 was detectable above the pool of native Hg, ( 2) the Hg-202 migrated vertically and/or horizontally in peat and pore waters, and ( 3) the (202) Hg was converted to methylmercury ( MeHg) in situ. The Hg-202 was easily detected by ICP/MS in both solid peat and pore waters. Over 3 months, the Hg-202 migrated vertically downward in excess of 15 cm below the water table and traveled several meters horizontally beyond the experimental plot to the lake margin along the dominant vector of groundwater flow. Importantly, at one location, 6% of aqueous Hg-202 was detected as Me Hg-202 after only 1 day. These results indicate that new inorganic Hg in atmospheric deposition can be readily methylated and transported lakeward by shallow groundwater flow, confirming the important role of wetlands as contributors of Hg to aquatic ecosystems. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Rudd & Kelly Res Inc, Salt Spring Isl, BC V8K 2J3, Canada. RP Branfireun, BA (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. EM brian.branfireun@utoronto.ca; dpkrabbe@usgs.gov; hhintelmann@trentu.ca; rjhunt@usgs.gov; hurley@aqua.wisc.edu; john_rudd@gulfislandswireless.com RI Hurley, James/A-9216-2010 NR 35 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN 21 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 6 AR W06016 DI 10.1029/2004WR003219 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 940UV UT WOS:000230172200001 ER PT J AU Wallace, CSA Marsh, SE AF Wallace, CSA Marsh, SE TI Characterizing the spatial structure of endangered species habitat using geostatistical analysis of IKONOS imagery SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID STATISTICS; VARIOGRAMS; ANTELOPE; MONTANA AB Our study used geostatistics to extract measures that characterize the spatial structure of vegetated landscapes from satellite imagery for mapping endangered Sonoran pronghorn habitat. Fine spatial resolution IKONOS data provided information at the scale of individual trees or shrubs that permitted analysis of vegetation structure and pattern. We derived images of landscape structure by calculating local estimates of the nugget, sill, and range variogram parameters within 25 x 25-m image windows. These variogram parameters, which describe the spatial autocorrelation of the 1-m image pixels, are shown in previous studies to discriminate between different species-specific vegetation associations. We constructed two independent models of pronghorn landscape preference by coupling the derived measures with Sonoran pronghorn sighting data: a distribution-based model and a cluster-based model. The distribution-based model used the descriptive statistics for variograin measures at pronghorn sightings, whereas the cluster-based model used the distribution of pronghorn sightings within clusters of an unsupervised classification of derived images. Both models define similar landscapes, and validation results confirm they effectively predict the locations of an independent set of pronghorn sightings. Such information, although not a substitute for field-based knowledge of the landscape and associated ecological processes, can provide valuable reconnaissance information to guide natural resource management efforts. C1 US Geol Survey, SW Geog Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Off Arid Lands Studies, Arizona Remote Sensing Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Wallace, CSA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Geog Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM cwallace@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JUN 20 PY 2005 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2607 EP 2629 DI 10.1080/01431160500099394 PG 23 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 948QX UT WOS:000230731900008 ER PT J AU Nakano, M Kumagai, H AF Nakano, M Kumagai, H TI Waveform inversion of volcano-seismic signals assuming possible source geometries SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LONG-PERIOD EVENTS; TREMOR; EXCITATION; JAPAN; CRACK; MODEL AB We propose an approach to quantify the source of volcano-seismic signals assuming possible source geometries. Such an assumption reduces the number of free parameters in a waveform inversion, so we can quantify the source of these signals observed by a small number of seismic stations. We test this method by using the synthesized waveforms radiated by a fluid-filled crack and with seismic data observed at Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano. We find that waveform data from 2 to 3 three-component seismic stations surrounding the source enable us to estimate the source mechanism and location in the present approach. C1 Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Prevent, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050006, Japan. RP Nakano, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mnakano@usgs.gov; kumagai@bosai.go.jp NR 14 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 17 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 12 AR L12302 DI 10.1029/2005GL022666 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 938FZ UT WOS:000229986600005 ER PT J AU Banerjee, P Pollitz, FF Burgmann, R AF Banerjee, P Pollitz, FF Burgmann, R TI The size and duration of the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from far-field static offsets SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION AB The 26 December 2004 Sumatra earthquake produced static offsets at continuously operating GPS stations at distances of up to 4500 kilometers from the epicenter. We used these displacements to model the earthquake and include consideration of the Earth's shape and depth-varying rigidity. The results imply that the average slip was >5 meters along the full length of the rupture, including the similar to 650-kilometer-long Andaman segment. Comparison of the source derived from the far-field static offsets with seismically derived estimates suggests that 25 to 35% of the total moment release occurred at periods greater than 1 hour. Taking into consideration the strong dip dependence of moment estimates, the magnitude of the earthquake did not exceed M-w = 9.2. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Wadia Inst Himalayan Geol, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Burgmann, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM burgmann@seismo.berkeley.edu NR 8 TC 141 Z9 149 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 17 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5729 BP 1769 EP 1772 DI 10.1126/science.1113746 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 937LY UT WOS:000229926800049 PM 15905364 ER PT J AU d'Alessio, MA Johanson, IA Burgmann, R Schmidt, DA Murray, MH AF d'Alessio, MA Johanson, IA Burgmann, R Schmidt, DA Murray, MH TI Slicing up the San Francisco Bay Area: block kinematics and fault slip rates from GPS-derived surface velocities SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID AMERICA PLATE BOUNDARY; LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; HAYWARD FAULT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; RANGE PROVINCE; COAST RANGES; DEFORMATION AB Observations of surface deformation allow us to determine the kinematics of faults in the San Francisco Bay Area. We present the Bay Area velocity unification (B (A) over barV (U) over bar, "bay view"), a compilation of over 200 horizontal surface velocities computed from campaign-style and continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) observations from 1993 to 2003. We interpret this interseismic velocity field using a three-dimensional block model to determine the relative contributions of block motion, elastic strain accumulation, and shallow aseismic creep. The total relative motion between the Pacific plate and the rigid Sierra Nevada/Great Valley (SNGV) microplate is 37.9 +/- 0.6 mm yr(-1) directed toward N30.4 degrees W +/- 0.8 degrees at San Francisco (+/- 2 sigma). Fault slip rates from our preferred model are typically within the error bounds of geologic estimates but provide a better fit to geodetic data ( notable right-lateral slip rates in mm yr(-1): San Gregorio fault, 2.4 +/- 1.0; West Napa fault, 4.0 +/- 3.0; zone of faulting along the eastern margin of the Coast Range, 5.4 +/- 1.0; and Mount Diablo thrust, 3.9 +/- 1.0 of reverse slip and 4.0 +/- 0.2 of right-lateral strike slip). Slip on the northern Calaveras is partitioned between both the West Napa and Concord/Green Valley fault systems. The total convergence across the Bay Area is negligible. Poles of rotation for Bay Area blocks progress systematically from the North America-Pacific to North America-SNGV poles. The resulting present-day relative motion cannot explain the strike of most Bay Area faults, but fault strike does loosely correlate with inferred plate motions at the time each fault initiated. C1 Berkeley Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP d'Alessio, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dalessio@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 16 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B6 AR B06403 DI 10.1029/2004JB003496 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 938IL UT WOS:000229993000001 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JAP Sasaki, S Dohm, JM Tanaka, KL Strom, B Kargel, J Kuzmin, R Miyamoto, H Spray, JG Fairen, AG Komatsu, G Kurita, K Baker, V AF Rodriguez, JAP Sasaki, S Dohm, JM Tanaka, KL Strom, B Kargel, J Kuzmin, R Miyamoto, H Spray, JG Fairen, AG Komatsu, G Kurita, K Baker, V TI Control of impact crater fracture systems on subsurface hydrology, ground subsidence, and collapse, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARTIAN GEOLOGIC RECORD; GAS-DRIVEN ERUPTIONS; THARSIS REGION; EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATIONS; NORTHERN PLAINS; CLOSED DEPRESSIONS; ICE; WATER; SURFACE; ORIGIN AB Noachian layered materials are pervasively exposed throughout the highlands of Mars. The layered deposits, in places many kilometers thick, exhibit impact craters of diverse morphologic characteristics, ranging from highly degraded to pristine, most of which formed during the period of heavy bombardment. In addition, exhumed impact craters, ancient channels, and fluvial and alluvial fans are visible in the layered deposits through MOC imagery. These features are more abundant in Noachian terrains, which indicates relatively high erosion rates during ancient Mars that competed with heavy meteoritic bombardment. The Noachian layered materials are thus expected to contain numerous buried impact craters in various states of preservation. Here, we propose that impact craters ( buried and exposed) and associated fracture systems dominate the basement structural fabric of the ancient highlands and that they have significantly influenced the hydrogeology. Diversity in the occurrence of high and low densities of impact craters and associated fracture systems controls the magnitude of the local effects of magmatic-driven hydrothermal activity. In and surrounding the Tharsis region, for example, the formation of chaotic terrains ( the source regions of the circum-Chryse outflow channel system) and a large diversity of collapse structures, including impact crater moats and pit chains, appear to be the result of enhanced hydrothermal activity. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Vernadsky Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. Univ New Brunswick, Dept Geol, Planetary & Space Sci Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. Univ Autonoma Madrid, CSIC, Ctr Biol Mol, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, I-65127 Pescara, Italy. Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. RP Rodriguez, JAP (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, San Go Kan,502 Shitsu, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM alexis1709@yahoo.com RI Miyamoto, Hideaki/E-3381-2012; Dohm, James/A-3831-2014; Komatsu, Goro/I-7822-2012 OI Komatsu, Goro/0000-0003-4155-108X NR 88 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 110 IS E6 AR E06003 DI 10.1029/2004JE002365 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 938IA UT WOS:000229991900001 ER PT J AU Barringer, JL Szabo, Z Kauffman, LJ Barringer, TH Stackelberg, PE Ivahnenko, T Rajagopalan, S Krabbenhoft, DP AF Barringer, JL Szabo, Z Kauffman, LJ Barringer, TH Stackelberg, PE Ivahnenko, T Rajagopalan, S Krabbenhoft, DP TI Mercury concentrations in water from an unconfined aquifer system, New Jersey coastal plain SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE mercury (Hg); ground water; land use; chloride (Cl); nitrate (NO3) ID SOUTHERN NEW-JERSEY; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; DETECTION LIMIT; GROUNDWATER; METHYLMERCURY; SAMPLES; PHASE AB Concentrations of total mercury (Hg) from 2 mu g/L (the USEPA maximum contaminant level) to 72 mu g/L in water from about 600 domestic wells in residential parts of eight counties in southern New Jersey have been reported by State and county agencies. The wells draw water from the areally extensive (7770 km(2)) unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, in which background concentrations of Hg are about 0.01 mu g/L or less. Hg is present in most aquifer materials at concentrations < 50 mu g/kg, but is at 100-150 mu g/kg in undisturbed surficial soils. No point sources of contamination to the affected areas have been conclusively identified. To determine whether high levels of Hg in ground water are related to a particular land use and (or) water chemistry, water samples from 105 wells that tap the aquifer system were collected by the United States Geological Survey. These included randomly selected domestic wells, domestic and observation wells in selected land uses, and sets of clustered observation wells-including two sets that are downgradient from residential areas with Hg-contaminated ground water. Hg concentrations in filtered samples (Hg-f) were at or near background levels in water from most wells, but ranged from 0.1 to 3.8 mu g/L in water from nearly 20% of wells. Hg-f concentrations from 0.0001 to 0.1 mu g/L correlated significantly and positively with concentrations of other constituents associated with anthropogenic inputs (Ca, Cl, Na, and NO3) and with dissolved organic carbon. Hgf concentrations > 0.1 mu g/L did not correlate significantly with concentrations of the inorganic constituents. Hgf concentrations near or exceeding 2 mu g/L were found only in water from wells in areas with residential land use, but concentrations were at background levels in most water samples from undeveloped land. The spatial distribution of Hg-contaminated ground water appears to be locally and regionally heterogeneous; no extensive plumes of Hg contamination have yet been identified. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Barringer, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Tavern Rd, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM jbarring@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 346 IS 1-3 BP 169 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.11.013 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 951DY UT WOS:000230910500015 PM 15993692 ER PT J AU Wilson, DS McCrory, PA Stanley, RG AF Wilson, DS McCrory, PA Stanley, RG TI Implications of volcanism in coastal California for the Neogene deformation history of western North America SO TECTONICS LA English DT Review ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; NORTHWESTWARDLY YOUNGER AGE; CENOZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION; SOUTHWEST INDIAN RIDGE; PACIFIC PLATE BOUNDARY; OCEANIC-CRUST BENEATH; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; TRANSVERSE RANGES AB The geologic record of coastal California includes evidence of numerous volcanic centers younger than 30 Ma that do not appear to have erupted in an arc setting. By correlating these volcanic centers with specific slab windows predicted from analysis of magnetic anomalies on the Pacific plate, we add new constraints to tectonic reconstructions since 30 Ma. Our correlations, such as erupting the Morro Rock Islay Hill complex south of the Pioneer fracture zone and the Iversen Basalt south of the Mendocino fracture zone, require larger displacements within western North America than advocated by most previous authors. Specifically, we infer at least 315 km of motion between the Sierra Nevada and rigid North America at an azimuth of about N60 degrees W and at least 515 km between Baja California and rigid North America in a similar direction. A consequence of inferring a large displacement of Baja California is that the Pacific-North American plate boundary must have developed most of its current form prior to 10 Ma. We interpret a slab window developing between Cocos and Monterey plates after 19 Ma that reconstructs under nearly all of the southern California volcanic centers dated at 18-14 Ma. Most of the sedimentary basins associated with volcanic rocks show brief periods of rapid subsidence synchronous with volcanism, followed by slow subsidence of variable but often extended duration, consistent with rapid extension of cold lithosphere over recently introduced hot asthenosphere. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wilson, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, 1006 Webb Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM dwilson@geol.ucsb.edu NR 143 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 EI 1944-9194 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 AR TC3008 DI 10.1029/2003TC001621 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 938IY UT WOS:000229994400001 ER PT J AU Wiegand, BA Chadwick, OA Vitousek, PM Wooden, JL AF Wiegand, BA Chadwick, OA Vitousek, PM Wooden, JL TI Ca cycling and isotopic fluxes in forested ecosystems in Hawaii SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM ISOTOPES; CHANGING SOURCES; VOLCANIC SOILS; CHRONOSEQUENCE; DEPOSITION; STRONTIUM; CHANNELS; ALUMINUM AB Biogeochemical processes fractionate Ca isotopes in plants and soils along a 4 million year developmental sequence in the Hawaiian Islands. We observed that plants preferentially take up (40)Ca relative to (44)Ca, and that biological fractionation and changes in the relative contributions from volcanic and marine sources produce a significant increase in (44)Ca in soil exchangeable pools. Our results imply moderate fluxes enriched in (44)Ca from strongly nutrient-depleted old soils, in contrast with high (40)Ca fluxes in young and little weathered environments. In addition, biological fractionation controls divergent geochemical pathways of Ca and Sr in the plant-soil system. While Ca depletes progressively with increasing soil age, Sr/Ca ratios increase systematically. Sr isotope ratios provide a valuable tracer for provenance studies of alkaline earth elements in forested ecosystems, but its usefulness is limited when deciphering biogeochemical processes involved in the terrestrial Ca cycle. Ca isotopes in combination with Sr/Ca ratios reveal more complex processes involved in the biogeochemistry of Ca and Sr. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wiegand, BA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM bwiegand@pangea.stanford.edu NR 25 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 14 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 11 AR L11404 DI 10.1029/2005GL022746 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 938FR UT WOS:000229985800003 ER PT J AU Mitchell, SE Caldwell, CA Gonzales, G Gould, WR Arimoto, R AF Mitchell, SE Caldwell, CA Gonzales, G Gould, WR Arimoto, R TI Effects of depleted uranium on survival, growth, and metamorphosis in the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 26-30, 2004 CL West Chester, OH SP Tri -Serv Toxicol, US Environm Protect Agency, Nat Ctr Environm Assessment, Agency Toxic Substances Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Nat Inst Occupational Safety Hlth ID FETAX PROCEDURE; TERATOGENICITY; CHLORIDE; NI2+ AB Embryos (stage 8-47, Nieuwkoop and Faber) of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) were subjected to water-borne depleted uranium (DU) concentrations that ranged from 4.8 to 77,7 mg/L using an acute 96-h frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX). In a chronic 64-d assay, X. laevis (from embryo through metamorphosis; stages 8-66) were subjected to concentrations of DU that ranged from 6.2 to 54.3 mg/L. Our results indicate DU is a non teratogenic metal. No effects on mortality, malformations, or growth were observed in the 96-h FEIAX with concentrations of DU that ranged from 4.8 to 77.7 mg/L. From stage 8 to stage 47, X. laevis tadpoles do not actively feed and the gills are not well developed. Thus, uptake of DU was reduced despite exposure to elevated concentrations. The 64-d assay resulted in no concentration response for either mortality or malformations; however, a delay in metamorphosis was observed in tadpoles subjected to elevated DU concentrations (from 13.1 to 54.3 mg/L) compared to tadpoles in both the well-water control and reference. The delay in metamorphosis was likely due to increasing body burden of DU that ranged from 0.98 to 2.82 mg/kg. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39566 USA. New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS Biol Resources, Las Cruces, NM USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Carlsbad Environm Monitoring & Res Ctr, Carlsbad, NM USA. RP Mitchell, SE (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, POB 7000, Ocean Springs, MS 39566 USA. EM Sarah.mitchell@usm.edu NR 38 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11-12 BP 951 EP 965 DI 10.1080/15287390590912595 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 946OP UT WOS:000230582100008 PM 16020186 ER PT J AU Gray, BR AF Gray, BR TI Selecting a distributional assumption for modelling relative densities of benthic macroinvertebrates SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Hexagenia; hurdle models; LTRMP; mayflies; negative binomial distribution; two-stage models; zero-inflated count models ID INFLATED POISSON REGRESSION; ABUNDANCE; POPULATION; SCALE; RATES AB The selection of a distributional assumption suitable for modelling macroinvertebrate density data is typically challenging. Macroinvertebrate data often exhibit substantially larger variances than expected under a standard count assumption, that of the Poisson distribution. Such overdispersion may derive from multiple sources, including heterogeneity of habitat (historically and spatially), differing life histories for organisms collected within a single collection in space and time, and autocorrelation. Taken to extreme, heterogeneity of habitat may be argued to explain the frequent large proportions of zero observations in macroinvertebrate data. Sampling locations may consist of habitats defined qualitatively as either suitable or unsuitable. The former category may yield random or stochastic zeroes and the latter structural zeroes. Heterogeneity among counts may be accommodated by treating the count mean itself as a random variable, while extra zeroes may be accommodated using zero-modified count assumptions, including zero-inflated and two-stage (or hurdle) approaches. These and linear assumptions (following log- and square root-transformations) were evaluated using 9 years of mayfly density data from a 52km, ninth-order reach of the Upper Mississippi River (n=959). The data exhibited substantial overdispersion relative to that expected under a Poisson assumption (i.e. variance:mean ratio= 23 >> 1), and 43% of the sampling locations yielded zero mayflies. Based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), count models were improved most by treating the count mean as a random variable (via a Poisson-gamma distributional assumption) and secondarily by zero modification (i.e. improvements in AIC values = 9184 units and 47-48 units, respectively). Zeroes were underestimated by the Poisson, log-transform and square root-transform models, slightly by the standard negative binomial model but not by the zero-modified models (61%, 24%, 32%, 7%, and 0%, respectively). However, the zero-modified Poisson models underestimated small counts (1 <= y <= 4) and overestimated intermediate counts (7 <= y <= 23). Counts greater than zero were estimated well by zero-modified negative binomial models, while counts greater than one were also estimated well by the standard negative binomial model. Based on AIC and percent zero estimation criteria, the two-stage and zero-inflated models performed similarly. The above inferences were largely confirmed when the models were used to predict values from a separate, evaluation data set (n = 110). An exception was that, using the evaluation data set, the standard negative binomial model appeared superior to its zero-modified counterparts using the AIC (but not percent zero criteria). This and other evidence suggest that a negative binomial distributional assumption should be routinely considered when modelling benthic macroinvertebrate data from low flow environments. Whether negative binomial models should themselves be routinely examined for extra zeroes requires, from a statistical perspective, more investigation. However, this question may best be answered by ecological arguments that may be specific to the sampled species and locations. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Mid W Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Gray, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Mid W Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM brgray@usgs.gov OI Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 NR 44 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 185 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.11.006 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 928LM UT WOS:000229273100001 ER PT J AU Dowsett, HJ Chandler, MA Cronin, TM Dwyer, GS AF Dowsett, HJ Chandler, MA Cronin, TM Dwyer, GS TI Middle Pliocene sea surface temperature variability SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; JOINT INVESTIGATIONS; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; HEAT-TRANSPORT; COASTAL-PLAIN; CLIMATE; LEVEL; RECONSTRUCTIONS; CALIBRATION; CHRONOLOGY AB [1] Estimates of sea surface temperature (SST) based upon foraminifer, diatom, and ostracod assemblages from ocean cores reveal a warm phase of the Pliocene between about 3.3 and 3.0 Ma. Pollen records and plant megafossils, although not as well dated, show evidence for a warmer climate at about the same time. Increased greenhouse forcing and altered ocean heat transport are the leading candidates for the underlying cause of Pliocene global warmth. Despite being a period of global warmth, this interval encompasses considerable variability. Two new SST reconstructions are presented that are designed to provide a climatological error bar for warm peak phases of the Pliocene and to document the spatial distribution and magnitude of SST variability within the mid-Pliocene warm period. These data suggest long-term stability of low-latitude SST and document greater variability in regions of maximum warming. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Dowsett, HJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM hdowsett@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 AR PA2014 DI 10.1029/2005PA001133 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 937ZG UT WOS:000229966700001 ER PT J AU Liu, PLF Lynett, P Fernando, H Jaffe, BE Fritz, H Higman, B Morton, R Goff, J Synolakis, C AF Liu, PLF Lynett, P Fernando, H Jaffe, BE Fritz, H Higman, B Morton, R Goff, J Synolakis, C TI Observations by the International Tsunami Survey Team in Sri Lanka SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WAVES C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Savannah, GA 31407 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Lyttelton, New Zealand. Univ So Calif, Dept Civil Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Lynett, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM plynett@tamu.edu RI Synolakis, Costas/B-3197-2008; Lynett, Patrick/A-1458-2011; Liu, Philip/E-3619-2013; Fritz, Hermann/H-5618-2013; Lynett, Patrick/B-5932-2014; Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012 OI Synolakis, Costas/0000-0003-0140-5379; Fritz, Hermann/0000-0002-6798-5401; Lynett, Patrick/0000-0002-2856-9405; Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920 NR 2 TC 145 Z9 147 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5728 BP 1595 EP 1595 DI 10.1126/science.1110730 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 936BH UT WOS:000229827000046 PM 15947179 ER PT J AU Sotin, C Jaumann, R Buratti, BJ Brown, RH Clark, RN Soderblom, LA Baines, KH Bellucci, G Bibring, JP Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Combes, M Coradini, A Cruikshank, DP Drossart, P Formisano, V Langevin, Y Matson, DL McCord, TB Nelson, RM Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B LeMouelic, S Rodriguez, S Stephan, K Scholz, CK AF Sotin, C Jaumann, R Buratti, BJ Brown, RH Clark, RN Soderblom, LA Baines, KH Bellucci, G Bibring, JP Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Combes, M Coradini, A Cruikshank, DP Drossart, P Formisano, V Langevin, Y Matson, DL McCord, TB Nelson, RM Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B LeMouelic, S Rodriguez, S Stephan, K Scholz, CK TI Release of volatiles from a possible cryovolcano from near-infrared imaging of Titan SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; OCEAN AB Titan is the only satellite in our Solar System with a dense atmosphere. The surface pressure is 1.5 bar ( ref. 1) and, similar to the Earth, N-2 is the main component of the atmosphere. Methane is the second most important component(2), but it is photodissociated on a timescale of 10(7) years ( ref. 3). This short timescale has led to the suggestion that Titan may possess a surface or subsurface reservoir of hydrocarbons(4,5) to replenish the atmosphere. Here we report near-infrared images of Titan obtained on 26 October 2004 by the Cassini spacecraft. The images show that a widespread methane ocean does not exist; subtle albedo variations instead suggest topographical variations, as would be expected for a more solid ( perhaps icy) surface. We also find a circular structure similar to 30 km in diameter that does not resemble any features seen on other icy satellites. We propose that the structure is a dome formed by upwelling icy plumes that release methane into Titan's atmosphere. C1 Univ Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6112, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, F-44100 Nantes, France. DLR, Inst Planetary Explorat, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Stewart Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. CNR, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosmica, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Sotin, C (reprint author), Univ Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6112, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, F-44100 Nantes, France. EM Christophe.Sotin@univ-nantes.fr RI Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016; OI Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641; Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314 NR 11 TC 130 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 9 PY 2005 VL 435 IS 7043 BP 786 EP 789 DI 10.1038/nature03596 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 933NK UT WOS:000229638700043 PM 15944697 ER PT J AU Niswonger, RG Prudic, DE Pohll, G Constantz, J AF Niswonger, RG Prudic, DE Pohll, G Constantz, J TI Incorporating seepage losses into the unsteady streamflow equations for simulating intermittent flow along mountain front streams SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DESERT SOILS; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; WATER; INFILTRATION; BASIN; PROFILES; MOVEMENT; MOISTURE; BENEATH; FLUXES AB [1] Seepage losses along numerous mountain front streams that discharge intermittently onto alluvial fans and piedmont alluvial plains are an important source of groundwater in the Basin and Range Province of the Western United States. Determining the distribution of seepage loss along mountain front streams is important when assessing groundwater resources of the region. Seepage loss along a mountain front stream in northern Nevada was evaluated using a one-dimensional unsteady streamflow model. Seepage loss was incorporated into the spatial derivatives of the streamflow equations. Because seepage loss from streams is dependent on stream depth, wetted perimeter, and streambed properties, a two-dimensional variably saturated flow model was used to develop a series of relations between seepage loss and stream depth for each reach. This method works when streams are separated from groundwater by variably saturated sediment. Two periods of intermittent flow were simulated to evaluate the modeling approach. The model reproduced measured flow and seepage losses along the channel. Seepage loss in the spring of 2000 was limited to the upper reaches on the alluvial plain and totaled 196,000 m 3, whereas 64% of the seepage loss in the spring of 2004 occurred at the base of the alluvial plain and totaled 273,000 m(3). A greater seepage loss at the base of the piedmont alluvial plain is attributed to increased streambed hydraulic conductivity caused by less armoring of the channel. The modeling approach provides a method for quantifying and distributing seepage loss along mountain front streams that cross alluvial fans or piedmont alluvial plains. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Niswonger, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 333 W Nye Lane, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. EM rniswon@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN 9 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 6 AR W06006 DI 10.1029/2004WR003677 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 937ZN UT WOS:000229967400001 ER PT J AU Potter, NJ Zhang, L Milly, PCD McMahon, TA Jakeman, AJ AF Potter, NJ Zhang, L Milly, PCD McMahon, TA Jakeman, AJ TI Effects of rainfall seasonality and soil moisture capacity on mean annual water balance for Australian catchments SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANNUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CLIMATE; VEGETATION; STORAGE; SCALE; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS AB [1] An important factor controlling catchment-scale water balance is the seasonal variation of climate. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the seasonal distributions of water and energy, and their interactions with the soil moisture store, on mean annual water balance in Australia at catchment scales using a stochastic model of soil moisture balance with seasonally varying forcing. The rainfall regime at 262 catchments around Australia was modeled as a Poisson process with the mean storm arrival rate and the mean storm depth varying throughout the year as cosine curves with annual periods. The soil moisture dynamics were represented by use of a single, finite water store having infinite infiltration capacity, and the potential evapotranspiration rate was modeled as an annual cosine curve. The mean annual water budget was calculated numerically using a Monte Carlo simulation. The model predicted that for a given level of climatic aridity the ratio of mean annual evapotranspiration to rainfall was larger where the potential evapotranspiration and rainfall were in phase, that is, in summer-dominant rainfall catchments, than where they were out of phase. The observed mean annual evapotranspiration ratios have opposite results. As a result, estimates of mean annual evapotranspiration from the model compared poorly with observational data. Because the inclusion of seasonally varying forcing alone was not sufficient to explain variability in the mean annual water balance, other catchment properties may play a role. Further analysis showed that the water balance was highly sensitive to the catchment-scale soil moisture capacity. Calibrations of this parameter indicated that infiltration-excess runoff might be an important process, especially for the summer-dominant rainfall catchments; most similar studies have shown that modeling of infiltration-excess runoff is not required at the mean annual timescale. C1 CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Cooperat Res Ctr Catchment Hydrol, Clayton, Vic, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Integrated Catchment Assessment & Management Ctr, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Ctr Resource & Environm Studies, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Potter, NJ (reprint author), CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM nicholas.potter@csiro.au RI Potter, Nicholas/B-9548-2008; Zhang, Lu /B-8863-2009; Jakeman, Anthony/P-6786-2014 OI Potter, Nicholas/0000-0001-5378-1099; Jakeman, Anthony/0000-0001-5282-2215 NR 25 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN 9 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 6 AR W06007 DI 10.1029/2004WR003697 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 937ZN UT WOS:000229967400002 ER PT J AU Halford, WP Halford, KJ Pierce, AT AF Halford, WP Halford, KJ Pierce, AT TI Mathematical analysis demonstrates that interferons-beta and -gamma interact in a multiplicative manner to disrupt herpes simplex virus replication SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE interferon; synergy; multiplicative interaction; herpesvirus; latent infection ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HUMAN CORNEAL FIBROBLASTS; HEPATITIS-B-VIRUS; IFN-GAMMA; TRIGEMINAL GANGLION; TYPE-1 REACTIVATION; SYNERGISTIC ACTION; DRUG-INTERACTIONS; SENSORY NEURONS AB Several studies suggest that the innate interferons (IFNs), IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, can act in concert with IFN-gamma to synergistically inhibit the replication of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The significance of this observation is not yet agreed upon in large part because the nature and magnitude of the interaction between IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-gamma is not well defined. In the current study, we resolve this issue by demonstrating three points. First, the hyperbolic tangent function, tanh (x), can be used to describe the individual effects of IFN-beta or IFN-gamma on HSV-1 replication over a 320,000-fold range of IFN concentration. Second, pharmacological methods prove that IFN-beta and IFN-gamma interact in a greater-than-additive manner to inhibit HSV-1 replication. Finally, the potency with which combinations of IFN-beta and IFN-gamma inhibit HSV-1 replication is accurately predicted by multiplying the individual inhibitory effects of each cytokine. Thus, IFN-beta and IFN-gamma interact in a multiplicative manner. We infer that a primary antiviral function of IFN-gamma lies in its capacity to multiply the potency with which IFN-alpha/beta restricts HSV-1 replication in vivo. This hypothesis has important ramifications for understanding how T lymphocyte-secreted cytokines such as IFN-gamma can force herpesviruses into a latent state without destroying the neurons or leukocytes that continue to harbor these viral infections for the lifetime of the host. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. US Geol Survey, Dept Water Resources, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. RP Halford, WP (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Mol Vet Biol, 960 Technol Blvd, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. EM halford@montana.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI051414-03, AI 51414] NR 55 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD JUN 7 PY 2005 VL 234 IS 3 BP 439 EP 454 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.12.007 PG 16 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 914IP UT WOS:000228221400012 PM 15784277 ER PT J AU Du Preez, LH Solomon, KR Carr, JA Giesy, JP Gross, TS Kendall, RJ Smith, EE Van der Kraak, GL Weldon, C AF Du Preez, LH Solomon, KR Carr, JA Giesy, JP Gross, TS Kendall, RJ Smith, EE Van der Kraak, GL Weldon, C TI Population structure of the African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis) in maize-growing areas with atrazine application versus non-maize-growing areas in South Africa SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Xenopus laevis; African Clawed Frog; population characterization; atrazine ID SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; RANA-PIPIENS; GROWTH; LARVAE; METAMORPHOSIS; EXPOSURE; ANURANS AB The herbicide atrazine has been suggested to cause gonadal deformities in frogs and could possibly impact on reproduction. Since the early 1960s, atrazine has been used in large amounts in maize production areas of South Africa. These areas overlap with populations of the African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis) that has a wide distribution in southern Africa and is found in most water-bodies including those where atrazine residues are detected. The aim of this study was to compare various attributes of individual- and population-level responses of X. laevis from maize-growing and non-maize-growing areas. Xenopus laevis were studied in three reference and five maize-growing sites. Sex ratio, snout-vent length, body-mass and age profiles were found to be similar for populations in maize-growing and non-maize-growing areas. Our mark-recapture data indicated that all sites had robust populations. There were no significant relationships between exposure to atrazine and any of the parameters investigated in populations of X. laevis. C1 NW Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Dev, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. Univ Guelph, Ctr Toxicol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79416 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Inst Environm, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USGS, BRD, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Zool, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Du Preez, LH (reprint author), NW Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Dev, Potchefstroom Campus,Private Bag X6001, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. EM drklhdp@puk.ac.za; ksolomon@tox.uogeulph.ca; james.carr@ttu.edu; jgiesy@aol.com; Tim_S_ross@usgs.gov; esmith@ttu.edu; gvanderk@uoguelph.ca NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 17 U2 29 PU HERPETOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF AFRICA PI JOHANNESBURG PA ANIMAL PLANT & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, UNIV WITWATERSRAND, PRIVATE BAG 3, JOHANNESBURG, WITS 2050, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0441-6651 J9 AFR J HERPETOL JI Afr. J. Herpetol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 54 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 943GN UT WOS:000230341600007 ER PT J AU Smith, EE Du Preez, LH Gentles, A Solomon, KR Tandler, B Carr, JA Van der Kraak, GL Kendall, RJ Giesy, JP Gross, TS AF Smith, EE Du Preez, LH Gentles, A Solomon, KR Tandler, B Carr, JA Van der Kraak, GL Kendall, RJ Giesy, JP Gross, TS TI Assessment of laryngeal muscle and testicular cell types in Xenopus laevis (Anura Pipidae) inhabiting maize and non-maize growing areas of South Africa SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Xenopus laevis; stereology; spermatogenesis; atrazine; laryngeal muscle; reproduction ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; ATRAZINE; FROGS; METAMORPHOSIS; MORPHOLOGY; HERBICIDES; ANDROGEN; GROWTH; SEX AB We tested the hypothesis that adult African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) inhabiting water bodies in maize-growing areas (MGA) of South Africa would exhibit differences in testicular structure compared to frogs from water bodies in non-maize-growing areas (NMGA) in the same locale. Adults of both sexes were collected during the autumn of 2002 in South Africa, and stereological analytical techniques were used to quantify the distribution of testicular cell types. In addition, total laryngeal mass was used as a gauge of secondary sex differences in animals from MGA and NMGA study sites. Evaluation of the total laryngeal mass revealed that there were no statistically significant differences between X. laevis of the same sex from the NMGA and MGA sites. Mean percent fractional-volume values for seminiferous tubule distribution of testicular cell types of mature X. laevis, ranged from 34% for spermatogonia, 26-28% for spermatocytes, 54-57% for spermatozoa, and 14-15% for other cells types. The mean percent volume for blood vessels ranged from 0.3-0.4%. These values did not differ significantly between frogs from NMGA and MGA areas. Collectively, these data demonstrated no differences in gonadal and laryngeal development in X. laevis collected in South Africa from MGA and NMGA areas and that there is little evidence for an effect of agricultural chemicals used in maize production functioning as endocrine disrupters in this species. Screening of X. laevis testes revealed a small incidence of Stage I testicular oocytes in adult male frogs collected from the NMGA (3%) and MGA (2%). C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79416 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79416 USA. NW Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Dev, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Guelph, Ctr Toxicol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Dent Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Zool, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Inst Environm Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USGS, BRD, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Smith, EE (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79416 USA. EM ernest.smith@tiehh.ttu.edu NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU HERPETOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF AFRICA PI JOHANNESBURG PA ANIMAL PLANT & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, UNIV WITWATERSRAND, PRIVATE BAG 3, JOHANNESBURG, WITS 2050, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0441-6651 J9 AFR J HERPETOL JI Afr. J. Herpetol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 54 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 943GN UT WOS:000230341600008 ER PT J AU Sowers, AD Gatlin, DM Young, SP Isely, JJ Browdy, CL Tomasso, JR AF Sowers, AD Gatlin, DM Young, SP Isely, JJ Browdy, CL Tomasso, JR TI Responses of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) in water containing low concentrations of total dissolved solids SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LOW-SALINITY; PENAEUS-VANNAMEI; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; POSTLARVAE; SHRIMP C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC USA. S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC USA. RP Sowers, AD (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Long Hall 132, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM asowers@clemson.edu NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 36 IS 8 BP 819 EP 823 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01270.x PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 929TM UT WOS:000229369300012 ER PT J AU Gard, MF AF Gard, MF TI Ontogenetic microhabitat shifts in Sacramento pikeminnow, Ptychocheilus grandis: reducing intraspecific predation SO AQUATIC ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cannibalism; ecological segregation; factor analysis; stream fishes ID HABITAT USE; STREAM FISHES; ARTIFICIAL STREAMS; CALIFORNIA STREAM; EGG CANNIBALISM; SMALLMOUTH BASS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SIZE CLASSES; BROWN TROUT; MATE CHOICE AB The Sacramento pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus grandis) is a piscivore that will prey on its own young in streams. Microhabitat use by two size classes of juvenile pikeminnow in stream pools with and without adults present was examined in the South Yuba River, California. Juvenile pikeminnow were generally found in shallower and slower conditions than adult pikeminnow, but shifted to even slower and shallower conditions with more cover in the presence of large adults. Microhabitats selected were related to fish size, suggesting that intraspecific predation was the dominant factor affecting local distribution. Patterns of microhabitat use were consistent with ecological segregation of species and size classes observed in other California streams with more diverse fish faunas. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gard, MF (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2800 Cottage Way, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. EM mark_gard@fws.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-2588 J9 AQUAT ECOL JI Aquat. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 2 BP 229 EP 235 DI 10.1007/s10452-004-1912-1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 934YI UT WOS:000229745100010 ER PT J AU Simpson, JJ Hufford, GL Daly, C Berg, JS Fleming, MD AF Simpson, JJ Hufford, GL Daly, C Berg, JS Fleming, MD TI Comparing maps of mean monthly surface temperature and precipitation for Alaska and adjacent areas of Canada produced by two different methods SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Arctic hydrology; surface temperature; precipitation; Arctic; climographs; boreal forest; coastal rain forest; Alaska ID CLIMATE; GAUGE; ACCURACY; PATTERNS; SNOWFALL; MODEL AB Maps of mean monthly surface temperature and precipitation for Alaska and adjacent areas of Canada, produced by Oregon State University's Spatial Climate Analysis Service (SCAS) and the Alaska Geospatial Data Clearinghouse (AGDC), were analyzed. Because both sets of maps are generally available and in use by the community, there is a need to document differences between the processes and input data sets used by the two groups to produce their respective set of maps and to identify similarities and differences between the two sets of maps and possible reasons for the differences. These differences do not affect the observed large-scale patterns of seasonal and annual variability. Alaska is divided into interior and coastal zones, with consistent but different variability, separated by a transition region. The transition region has high interannual variability but low long-term mean variability. Both data sets support the four major ecosystems and ecosystem transition zone identified in our earlier work. Differences between the two sets of maps do occur, however, on the regional scale; they reflect differences in physiographic domains and in the treatment of these domains by the two groups (AGDC, SCAS). These differences also provide guidance for an improved observational network for Alaska. On the basis of validation with independent in situ data, we conclude that the data set produced by SCAS provides the best spatial coverage of Alaskan long-term mean monthly surface temperature and precipitation currently available. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Digital Image Anal Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Natl Weather Serv, Anchorage, AK 99513 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Spat Climate Anal Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USGS, EROS, Field Off, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Simpson, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Digital Image Anal Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jsimpson@ucsd.edu NR 38 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD JUN PY 2005 VL 58 IS 2 BP 137 EP 161 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 938XE UT WOS:000230035900004 ER PT J AU Jay, CV Hills, S AF Jay, CV Hills, S TI Movements of walruses radio-tagged in Bristol Bay, Alaska SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE walrus; Odobenus rosmarus; haul-out; fidelity; Bristol Bay; foraging; seasonal; distribution; transmitters ID ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS-ROSMARUS; PACIFIC WALRUSES; HAUL-OUT; GREENLAND; SVALBARD AB Satellite radio-location data from 57 adult male Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) were used to estimate haul-out fidelity, broadly describe seasonal foraging distributions, and determine the approximate timing of autumn migration from Bristol Bay, Alaska. Data were collected intermittently during 1987-91 and 1995-2000, primarily during the period from May to October. Transmitter longevity ranged from less than I day to 560 days (median 75 d). The four tagging sites were the only haul-outs that were commonly used in the bay from spring through autumn. Mean fidelity, defined as the chance that an animal will return to an area where it previously hauled out, was 0.56 (SE = 0.09). However, small sample sizes precluded comparisons of fidelity among years and among haul-outs by season. No tagged animals migrated out of the bay between spring and early autumn. Combined monthly locations suggest that foraging occurred primarily in the southern and eastern areas of the bay in spring and gradually shifted towards northwestern areas in late autumn and winter. Ninety-eight percent of the in-water locations were in waters under 60 m deep, which account for 76% of the study area. Some animals migrated out of the bay in late autumn and winter; others remained within the bay throughout the year. Those making long-range migrations departed the bay during November and December. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Jay, CV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4230 Univ Dr,Suite 201, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM chad_jay@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD JUN PY 2005 VL 58 IS 2 BP 192 EP 202 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 938XE UT WOS:000230035900007 ER PT J AU Kieffer, HH Stone, TC AF Kieffer, HH Stone, TC TI The spectral irradiance of the moon SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods : miscellaneous; Moon; techniques : photometric ID ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION; ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION; LUNAR-SURFACE; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; OPPOSITION SURGE; CLEMENTINE; INSTRUMENTS; BACKSCATTER; PHOTOMETRY; MICRONS AB Images of the Moon at 32 wavelengths from 350 to 2450 nm have been obtained from a dedicated observatory during the bright half of each month over a period of several years. The ultimate goal is to develop a spectral radiance model of the Moon with an angular resolution and radiometric accuracy appropriate for calibration of Earth-orbiting spacecraft. An empirical model of irradiance has been developed that treats phase and libration explicitly, with absolute scale founded on the spectra of the star Vega and returned Apollo samples. A selected set of 190 standard stars are observed regularly to provide nightly extinction correction and long-term calibration of the observations. The extinction model is wavelength-coupled and based on the absorption coefficients of a number of gases and aerosols. The empirical irradiance model has the same form at each wavelength, with 18 coefficients, eight of which are constant across wavelength, for a total of 328 coefficients. Over 1000 lunar observations are fitted at each wavelength; the average residual is less than 1%. The irradiance model is actively being used in lunar calibration of several spacecraft instruments and can track sensor response changes at the 0.1% level. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Kieffer, HH (reprint author), Celestial Reasonings, 2256 Christmas Tree Lane, Carson City, NV 89703 USA. NR 51 TC 152 Z9 155 U1 3 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 129 IS 6 BP 2887 EP 2901 DI 10.1086/430185 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 931FY UT WOS:000229472400032 ER PT J AU Stepanauskas, R Moran, MA Bergamasch, BA Hollibaugh, JT AF Stepanauskas, R Moran, MA Bergamasch, BA Hollibaugh, JT TI Sources, bioavailabitity, and photoreactivity of dissolved organic carbon in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bacterioplankton; dissolved organic carbon; DOC bioavailability; photodegradation; Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta; San Francisco Bay; solar radiation ID BACTERIAL-GROWTH; FRANCISCO BAY; MARINE BACTERIOPLANKTON; UV-RADIATION; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; SEA-WATER; MATTER; SYSTEM; TRANSFORMATION; CONSUMPTION AB We analyzed bioavailability, photoreactivity, fluorescence, and isotopic composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) collected at 13 stations in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta during various seasons to estimate the persistence of DOC from diverse shallow water habitat sources. Prospective large-scale wetland restorations in the Delta may change the amount of DOC available to the food web as well as change the quality of Delta water exported for municipal use. Our study indicates that DOC contributed by Delta sources is relatively refractory and likely mostly the dissolved remnants of vascular plant material from degrading soils and tidal marshes rather than phytoplankton production. Therefore, the prospective conversion of agricultural land into submerged, phytoplankton-dominated habitats may reduce the undesired export of DOC from the Delta to municipal users. A median of 10% of Delta DOC was rapidly utilizable by bacterioplankton. A moderate dose of simulated solar radiation (286 W m(-2) for 4 h) decreased the DOC bioavailability by an average of 40%, with a larger relative decrease in samples with higher initial DOC bioavailability. Potentially, a DOC-based microbial food web could support <= 0.6 x 10(9) g C of protist production in the Delta annually, compared to approximate to 17 x 10(9) g C phytoplankton primary production. Thus, DOC utilization via the microbial food web is unlikely to play an important role in the nutrition of Delta zooplankton and fish, and the possible decrease in DOC concentration due to wetland restoration is unlikely to have a direct effect on Delta fish productivity. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Stepanauskas, R (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM ramunas@uga.edu RI Moran, Mary Ann/B-6939-2012; OI Stepanauskas, Ramunas/0000-0003-4458-3108 NR 44 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JUN PY 2005 VL 74 IS 2 BP 131 EP 149 DI 10.1007/s10533-004-3361-2 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 964UU UT WOS:000231907300001 ER PT J AU Smith, KG AF Smith, KG TI Effects of nonindigenous tadpoles on native tadpoles in Florida: evidence of competition SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE interspecific competition; invasive species; aquatic ecology; Osteopilus septentrionalis; Bufo marinus ID TOAD BUFO-MARINUS; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; RANA-SYLVATICA; AQUATIC PREDATORS; WOOD FROG; LARVAL; ANURA; METAMORPHOSIS; BUFONIDAE; TOXICITY AB The impacts of nonindigenous species on native ecosystems can be severe, sometimes leading to the extinction of native taxa. Interspecific competition is a potential mechanism of negative impact of invasive species, but few studies have conclusively demonstrated competition between native and nonindigenous taxa. In this study I used experimental manipulations to examine the competitive effects of the larvae of two widely introduced anurans, the cane toad, Bufo marinus, and the Cuban treefrog, Osteopilus septentrionalis, on the growth and development of the larvae of two native anurans (the southern toad, Bufo terrestris, and the green treefrog, Hyla cinerea). The presence of O. septentrionalis larvae consistently impacted growth and development of native larvae, resulting in reduced growth rates and delayed metamorphosis of both native species and smaller mass at metamorphosis of B. terrestris. Hyla cinerea larvae transformed at greater body masses when reared with the rapidly transforming nonindigenous species as a result of competitive release. The negative effects of O. septentrionalis on native larvae were generally significant whether native tadpoles were exposed to O. septentrionalis alone or in combination with B. marinus. In contrast, B. marinus tadpoles did not significantly impact the growth or development of either native species. Neither nonindigenous species significantly decreased the survivorship of native larvae, although a trend toward decreased survivorship was evident for H. cinerea. These results suggest that nonindigenous larval anurans may adversely impact native tadpole communities as a result of interspecific competition. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Smith, KG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM kgs@utk.edu RI Smith, Kevin/A-5044-2010 NR 60 TC 42 Z9 56 U1 8 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 123 IS 4 BP 433 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.01.005 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910UV UT WOS:000227958600003 ER PT J AU Plentovich, S Morton, JM Bart, J Camp, RJ Lusk, M Johnson, N Vanderwerf, E AF Plentovich, S Morton, JM Bart, J Camp, RJ Lusk, M Johnson, N Vanderwerf, E TI Population trends of Mariana Crow Corvus kubaryi on rota, commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID GUAM; AVIFAUNA AB Endemic to the islands of Guam and Rota in the Mariana islands, Mariana Crow Corvus kubaryi is the only corvid in Micronesia. Currently, it survives on Guam only because of translocation of individuals from Rota (1999-2003). island-wide surveys in 1982 and 1995 on Rota yielded population estimates Of 1,348 and 592 respectively, indicating a 56% decrease in only 13 years. A sharp decline in the only viable Mariana Crow Population has serious implications for conservation efforts on Rota and for efforts to re-establish the Guam population. However, the validity of the apparent decline has been debated among scientists and government management agencies. We augmented the 1982 and 1995 island-wide VCP surveys with (1) an additional island-wide survey conducted in 1998, and (2) roadside surveys conducted during 1991-1993 and again during 1999-2002. We also outline historical changes in Rota's limestone forest based on aerial photographs and historical information. Data from all surveys indicate a significant decline in the Mariana Crow population. Declines occurred especially along the north-central coast and in the area east of the airport known as As Dodo in the 1990s, but the data indicate an island-wide decline over the entire span of the surveys. Introduced predators, human persecution, and habitat loss and degradation by anthropogenic and natural causes have all contributed to the decline. Long-term preservation of this species will require effective brown treesnake Boiga irregularis control, habitat protection, continued monitoring and research, and increased public education and awareness of Rota's rare and endangered species. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Univ Hawaii, US Geol Survey, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cabeza Prieta Natl Wildlife Refuge, Ajo, AZ 85321 USA. RP Plentovich, S (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Edmondson Hall 152,2538 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM plentovi@hawaii.edu OI Camp, Richard/0000-0001-7008-923X NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0959-2709 J9 BIRD CONSERV INT JI Bird Conserv. Int. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 211 EP 224 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 952JC UT WOS:000230998800008 ER PT J AU Ueda, N Partridge, C Bolland, J Hemming, J Sherman, T Boettcher, A AF Ueda, N Partridge, C Bolland, J Hemming, J Sherman, T Boettcher, A TI Effects of an environmental estrogen on male gulf pipefish, Syngnathus scovelli (Evermann and Kendall), a male brooding teleost SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER EFFLUENT; PHYTOESTROGENS; VITELLOGENESIS; BIOMARKER; SYSTEM C1 Univ S Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. RP Boettcher, A (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, LSCB 124 Mobile, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1207 EP 1212 DI 10.1007/s00128-005-0709-9 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 942VT UT WOS:000230311700029 PM 16158862 ER PT J AU Smith, DE Aagaard, BT Heaton, TH AF Smith, DE Aagaard, BT Heaton, TH TI Teleseismic body waves from dynamically rupturing shallow thrust faults: Are they opaque for surface-reflected phases? SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC ENERGY; SLIP HISTORY; HALF-SPACE; EARTHQUAKE; SHEAR; CALIFORNIA; STRESS; ZONE; COMPLEXITY; INTERFACE AB We investigate whether a shallow-dipping thrust fault is prone to wave-slip interactions via surface-reflected waves affecting the dynamic slip. If so, can these interactions create faults that are opaque to radiated energy? Furthermore, in this case of a shallow-dipping thrust fault, can incorrectly assuming a transparent fault while using dislocation theory lead to underestimates of seismic moment? Slip time histories are generated in three-dimensional dynamic rupture simulations while allowing for varying degrees of wave-slip interaction controlled by fault-friction models. Based on the slip time histories, P and SH seismograms are calculated for stations at teleseismic distances. The overburdening pressure caused by gravity eliminates mode I opening except at the tip of the fault near the surface; hence, mode I opening has no effect on the teleseismic signal. Normalizing by a Haskell-like traditional kinematic rupture, we find teleseismic peak-to-peak displacement amplitudes are approximately 1.0 for both P and SH waves, except for the unrealistic case of zero sliding friction. Zero sliding friction has peak-to-peak amplitudes of 1.6 for P and 2.0 for SH waves; the fault slip oscillates about its equilibrium value, resulting in a large nonzero (0.08 Hz) spectral peak not seen in other ruptures. These results indicate wave-slip interactions associated with surface-reflected phases in real earthquakes should have little to no effect on teleseismic motions. Thus, Haskell-like kinematic dislocation theory (transparent fault conditions) can be safely used to simulate teleseismic waveforms in the Earth. C1 CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Smith, DE (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, MS 252-21, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 BP 800 EP 817 DI 10.1785/0120030171 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 938PX UT WOS:000230016400002 ER PT J AU Bufe, CG Perkins, DM AF Bufe, CG Perkins, DM TI Evidence for a global seismic-moment release sequence SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GREAT EARTHQUAKES; CHILEAN EARTHQUAKES; TENSOR SOLUTIONS; DEFORMATION; FREQUENCY; REGIONS; SCALE AB Temporal clustering of the larger earthquakes (foreshock-mainshock-aftershock) followed by relative quiescence (stress shadow) are characteristic of seismic cycles along plate boundaries. A global seismic-moment release history, based on a little more than 100 years of instrumental earthquake data in an extended version of the catalog of Pacheco and Sykes (1992), illustrates similar behavior for Earth as a whole. Although the largest earthquakes have occurred in the circum-Pacific region, an analysis of moment release in the hemisphere antipodal to the Pacific plate shows a very similar pattern. Monte Carlo simulations confirm that the global temporal clustering of great shallow earthquakes during 1952-1964 at M >= 9.0 is highly significant (4% random probability) as is the clustering of the events of M >= 8.6 (0.2% random probability) during 1950-1965. We have extended the Pacheco and Sykes (1992) catalog from 1989 through 2001 using Harvard moment centroid data. Immediately after the 1950-1965 cluster, significant quiescence at and above M 8.4 begins and continues until 2001 (0.5% random probability). In alternative catalogs derived by correcting for possible random errors in magnitude estimates in the extended Pacheco-Sykes catalog, the clustering of M >= 9 persists at a significant level. These observations indicate that, for great earthquakes, Earth behaves as a coherent seismotectonic system. A very-large-scale mechanism for global earthquake triggering and/or stress transfer is implied. There are several candidates, but so far only viscoelastic relaxation has been modeled on a global scale. C1 US Geol Survey, Cent REg Geol Hazards Team, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Cent REg Geol Hazards Team, POB 25046,MS966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM cbufe@usgs.gov; perkins@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 BP 833 EP 843 DI 10.1785/0120040110 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 938PX UT WOS:000230016400004 ER PT J AU Hecker, S Pantosti, D Schwartz, DP Hamilton, JC Reidy, LM Powers, TJ AF Hecker, S Pantosti, D Schwartz, DP Hamilton, JC Reidy, LM Powers, TJ TI The most recent large earthquake on the Rodgers Creek fault, San Francisco Bay area SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PAST 500 YEARS; ANDREAS FAULT; RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION; HAYWARD FAULT; CALIFORNIA; MAGNITUDE; PROGRAM; HISTORY; ZONE AB The Rodgers Creek fault (RCF) is a principal component of the San Andreas fault system north of San Francisco. No evidence appears in the historical record of a large earthquake on the RCF, implying that the most recent earthquake (MRE) occurred before 1824, when a Franciscan mission was built near the fault at Sonoma, and probably before 1776, when a mission and presidio were built in San Francisco. The first appearance of nonnative pollen in the stratigraphic record at the Triangle G Ranch study site on the south-central reach of the RCF confirms that the MRE occurred before local settlement and the beginning of livestock grazing. Chronological modeling of earthquake age using radiocarbon-dated charcoal from near the top of a faulted alluvial sequence at the site indicates that the MRE occurred no earlier than A.D. 1690 and most likely occurred after A.D. 1715. With these age constraints, we know that the elapsed time since the MIZE on the RCF is more than 181 years and less than 315 years and is probably between 229 and 290 years. This elapsed time is similar to published recurrence-interval estimates of 131 to 370 years (preferred value of 230 years) and 136 to 345 years (mean of 205 years), calculated from geologic data and a regional earthquake model, respectively. Importantly, then, the elapsed time may have reached or exceeded the average recurrence time for the fault. The age of the MRE on the RCF is similar to the age of prehistoric surface rupture on the northern and southern sections of the Hayward fault to the south. This suggests possible rupture scenarios that involve simultaneous rupture of the Rodgers Creek and Hayward faults. A buried channel is offset 2.2 ( + 1.2, - 0.8) m along one side of a pressure ridge at the Triangle G Ranch site. This provides a minimum estimate of right-lateral slip during the MRE at this location. Total slip at the site may be similar to, but is probably greater than, the 2 ( + 0.3, - 0.2) m measured previously at the nearby Beebe Ranch site. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Sismol & Tettonofis, I-00143 Rome, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM shecker@usgs.gov OI Pantosti, daniela/0000-0001-7308-9104 NR 44 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 BP 844 EP 860 DI 10.1785/0120040134 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 938PX UT WOS:000230016400005 ER PT J AU Mai, PM Spudich, P Boatwright, J AF Mai, PM Spudich, P Boatwright, J TI Hypocenter locations in finite-source rupture models SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 1979 IMPERIAL-VALLEY; LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; STRONG GROUND-MOTION; 1984 MORGAN-HILL; NEAR-SOURCE; CALAVERAS FAULT; 1994 NORTHRIDGE; CALIFORNIA; SLIP; INVERSION AB We use a database of more than 80 finite-source rupture models for more than 50 earthquakes (M-w 4.1-8.1) with different faulting styles occurring in both tectonic and subduction environments to analyze the location of the hypocenter within the fault and to consider the correlation between hypocenter location and regions of large slip. Rupture in strike-slip and crustal dip-slip earthquakes tends to nucleate in the deeper sections of the fault; subduction earthquakes do not show this tendency. Ratios of the hypocentral slip to either the average or the maximum slip show that rupture can nucleate at locations with any level of relative displacement. Rupture nucleates in regions of very large slip (D >= 2/3 D-max) in only 16% of the events, in regions of large slip (1/3 D-max < D < 2/3 D-max) in 35% of the events, and in regions of low slip (D <= 1/3 D-max) in 48% of the events. These percentages significantly exceed the percentages of fault area with very large (similar to 7%) and large (similar to 28%) slip. Ruptures that nucleate in regions of low slip, however, tend to nucleate close to regions of large slip and encounter a zone of very large slip within half the total rupture length. Applying several statistical tests we conclude that hypocenters are not randomly located on a fault but are located either within or close to regions of large slip. C1 ETH Honggerberg, Inst Geophys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mai, PM (reprint author), ETH Honggerberg, Inst Geophys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM mai@sed.ethz.ch RI Mai, Paul Martin/C-3252-2014 OI Mai, Paul Martin/0000-0002-9744-4964 NR 51 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 BP 965 EP 980 DI 10.1785/0120040111 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 938PX UT WOS:000230016400014 ER PT J AU Spudich, P Boore, DM AF Spudich, P Boore, DM TI SEA99: A revised ground-motion prediction relation for use in extensional tectonic regimes (vol 89, pg 1156, 1999) SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Correction C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Spudich, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 BP 1209 EP 1209 DI 10.1785/0120050026 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 938PX UT WOS:000230016400031 ER PT J AU Patrick, MR Smellie, JL Harris, AJL Wright, R Dean, K Izbekov, P Garbeil, H Pilger, E AF Patrick, MR Smellie, JL Harris, AJL Wright, R Dean, K Izbekov, P Garbeil, H Pilger, E TI First recorded eruption of Mount Belinda volcano (Montagu Island), South Sandwich Islands SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mount Belinda volcano; Montagu Island; Mount Michael; Saunders Island; South Sandwich Islands; satellite monitoring; ASTER ID SPACE; MODIS AB The MODVOLC satellite monitoring system has revealed the first recorded eruption of Mount Belinda volcano, on Montagu Island in the remote South Sandwich Islands. Here we present some initial qualitative observations gleaned from a collection of satellite imagery covering the eruption, including MODIS, Landsat 7 ETM+, ASTER, and RADARSAT-1 data. MODVOLC thermal alerts indicate that the eruption started sometime between 12 September and 20 October 2001, with low-intensity subaerial explosive activity from the islands summit peak, Mount Belinda. By January 2002 a small lava flow had been emplaced near the summit, and activity subsequently increased to some of the highest observed levels in August 2002. Observations from passing ships in February and March 2003 provided the first visual confirmation of the eruption. ASTER images obtained in August 2003 show that the eruption at Mount Belinda entered a new phase around this time, with fresh lava effusion into the surrounding icefield. MODIS radiance trends also suggest that the overall activity level increased significantly after July 2003. Thermal anomalies continued to be observed in MODIS imagery in early 2004, indicating a prolonged low-intensity eruption and the likely establishment of a persistent summit lava lake, similar to that observed on neighboring Saunders Island in 2001. Our new observations also indicate that lava lake activity continues on Saunders Island. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Patrick, MR (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM patrick@higp.hawaii.edu RI Izbekov, Pavel/B-5110-2010; OI Patrick, Matthew/0000-0002-8042-6639 NR 23 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 67 IS 5 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1007/s00445-004-0382-6 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 934MI UT WOS:000229712500002 ER PT J AU Saiki, MK Martin, BA Alpers, CN AF Saiki, MK Martin, BA Alpers, CN TI Total mercury concentrations in fillets of bluegill, redear sunfish, largemouth bass, and other fishes from Lake Natoma, Sacramento County, California SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; WATER CHEMISTRY; METHYLMERCURY; ACCUMULATION AB This study was conducted during September-October 2002 to verify preliminary findings of elevated total mercury concentrations in skinless fillets of sportfishes inhabiting Lake Natoma. Although we measured total mercury concentrations, most mercury in fish flesh occurs in the methylated form. In August 2000, other investigators collected a small number of fish containing mercury concentrations that exceeded 0.30 mu g/g wet weight, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA) tissue residue criterion derived from a reference dose for methylmercury that may cause undesirable neurological abnormalities in human infants exposed in utero when pregnant women consume mercury-contaminated foods. During our study, skinless fillets of bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus, contained as much as 0.19 mu g Hg/g wet weight (1.06 mu g Hg/g dry weight); redear sunfish, L. microlophus, contained as much as 0.39 mu g Hg/g wet weight (1.99 mu g Hg/ g dry weight); and largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, contained as much as 0.86 mu g Hg/g wet weight (3.85 mu g Hg/g dry weight). Maximum concentrations of mercury in other fish species varied from 0.097 mu g/g wet weight (0.537 mu g/g dry weight) in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, to 0.56 mu g/g wet weight (3.07 mu g/g dry weight) in white catfish, Ameiurus catus. Altogether, 1 of 20 redear sunfish, 14 of 61 largemouth bass, I of 1 brown bullhead, A. nebulosus, 2 of 3 spotted bass, M. punctulatus, and 1 of 1 white catfish exceeded the USEPA fish tissue methylmercury residue criterion. Only bluegill and largemouth bass exhibited significant correlations between fish total length (TL), weight, and age, and total mercury concentration in fillets. Judging from a best-fit power-curve equation, largemouth bass measuring 273 mm TL (roughly 292 g) or larger are estimated to contain total mercury concentrations in their fillets that exceed the USEPA fish tissue methylmercury criterion. These results confirmed that some fish species inhabiting Lake Natoma are contaminated with undesirably high concentrations of mercury in their skinless fillets. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dixon Duty Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbua Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Saiki, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dixon Duty Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM michael_saiki@usgs.gov OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SUM PY 2005 VL 91 IS 3 BP 193 EP 206 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 945BI UT WOS:000230475200003 ER PT J AU Fleskes, JP Perry, WM Petrik, KL Spell, R Reid, F AF Fleskes, JP Perry, WM Petrik, KL Spell, R Reid, F TI Change in area of winter-flooded and dry rice in the Northern Central Valley of California determined by satellite imagery SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID FIELDS; WATERBIRDS; WATERFOWL; PINTAILS AB To understand possible factors impacting distribution of wintering waterfowl, we analyzed satellite imagery to estimate area of winter-flooded (flooded and saturated soil) and winter-dry harvested rice in Butte, Colusa, American, Sutter, Yolo, and Delta basins in the northern Central Valley of California. We compared our results for the 1999-00 winter with estimates that Spell et al. (1995) reported using identical methods for 1988-89 and 1993-94. Area of winter-flooded rice in the northern Central Valley in 1999-00 (78,841 ha) was 37% greater than in 1993-94 (57,702 ha) and 46% greater than in 1988-89 (53,816 ha). Winter-flooded rice increased an average of 3,253 ha per year between 1993-94 and 1999-00 compared to 777 ha per year between 1988-89 and 1993-94. The increase in flooded rice area was due to both an increase in total rice area (201,512 ha in 199900 vs. 171,918 ha in 1993-94 and 163,586 ha in 1988-89) and an increase in percentage of rice area that was flooded (39% in 1999-00 vs. 34% in 1993-94 and 33% in 1988-89). Change in winter-flooded rice area varied among basins. These results will help understand changes in distribution of wintering waterfowl among Central Valley basins during 1988-2000. The challenge for wildlife managers is to develop strategies that incorporate impacts of the increase in rice area in the northern Central Valley while recognizing that various factors could reduce rice area in the future. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. Ducks Unltd Inc, Western Reg Off, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. RP Fleskes, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM joe_fleskes@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 11 PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SUM PY 2005 VL 91 IS 3 BP 207 EP 215 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 945BI UT WOS:000230475200004 ER PT J AU Riley, SC Tatara, CP Scheurer, JA AF Riley, SC Tatara, CP Scheurer, JA TI Aggression and feeding of hatchery-reared and naturally reared steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry in a laboratory flume and a comparison with observations in natural streams SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; PREDATION RISK; BROWN TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; PRIOR RESIDENCE; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; DOMINANCE HIERARCHIES AB We quantified the aggression and feeding of naturally reared steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry stocked into a laboratory flume with naturally reared fry or hatchery-reared fry from conventional and enriched rearing environments at three densities in the presence and absence of predators, and compared the aggression and feeding observed in the flume to that observed in two streams. Steelhead fry attack rate increased with density and was reduced in the presence of predators, but was not affected by rearing treatment. Threat rate appeared to increase with density and was significantly affected by rearing treatment combination, but was not significantly affected by predator presence. Feeding rate was not affected by density or rearing treatment, but was reduced in the presence of predators. The rate of aggression by steelhead fry in two streams was lower than that observed in the laboratory and did not increase with density. Rates of aggression and feeding of hatchery-reared and wild steelhead fry were not significantly different in the streams. Overall, we found no evidence that hatchery rearing environments caused higher aggression in steelhead fry. Laboratory observations of salmonid aggression, particularly at high density, may not reflect aggression levels in the wild. C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Riley, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM sriley@usgs.gov NR 68 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1400 EP 1409 DI 10.1139/F05-076 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 945KC UT WOS:000230500400017 ER PT J AU Dobiesz, NE McLeish, DA Eshenroder, RL Bence, JR Mohr, LC Ebener, MP Nalepa, TF Woldt, AP Johnson, JE Argyle, RL Makarewicz, JC AF Dobiesz, NE McLeish, DA Eshenroder, RL Bence, JR Mohr, LC Ebener, MP Nalepa, TF Woldt, AP Johnson, JE Argyle, RL Makarewicz, JC TI Ecology of the Lake Huron fish community, 1970-1999 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; ST-MARYS RIVER; FOOD-WEB; CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON; ZEBRA MUSSEL; SEA LAMPREY; MYSIS-RELICTA; SAGINAW BAY AB We review the status of the Lake Huron fish community between 1970 and 1999 and explore the effects of key stressors. Offshore waters changed little in terms of nutrient enrichment, while phosphorus levels declined in inner Saginaw Bay. Introduced mussels (Dreissena spp.) proliferated and may have caused a decline in Diporeia spp. This introduction could have caused a decline in lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) growth and condition, with serious repercussions for commercial fisheries. Bythotrephes, an exotic predatory cladoceran, and other new exotics may be influencing the fish community. Sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) remained prevalent, but intensive control efforts on the St. Mary's River may reduce their predation on salmonines. Overfishing was less of a problem than in the past, although fishing continued to reduce the amount of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) spawning biomass resulting from hatchery-reared fish planted to rehabilitate this species. Massive stocking programs have increased the abundance of top predators, but lake trout were rehabilitated in only one area. Successful lake trout rehabilitation may require lower densities of introduced pelagic prey fish than were seen in the 1990s, along with continued stocking of hatchery-reared lake trout and control of sea lamprey. Such reductions in prey fish could limit Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) fisheries. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Upper Great Lakes Management Unit, Owen Sound, ON N4K 2Z1, Canada. Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Intertribal Fisheries & Assessment Program, Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Alpena Great Lakes Fisheries Res Stn, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. SUNY Coll Brockport, Dept Biol Sci, Brockport, NY 14420 USA. RP Dobiesz, NE (reprint author), Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Huron Management Unit, 1450 7th Ave E, Owen Sound, ON N4K 2Z1, Canada. EM dobieszn@zoo.utoronto.ca RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X NR 102 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 39 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1432 EP 1451 DI 10.1139/F05-061 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 945KC UT WOS:000230500400020 ER PT J AU Roberts, AC Gault, RA Paar, WH Cooper, MA Hawthorne, FC Burns, PC Cisneros, S Foord, EE AF Roberts, AC Gault, RA Paar, WH Cooper, MA Hawthorne, FC Burns, PC Cisneros, S Foord, EE TI Terlinguacreekite, Hg32+O2Cl2, a new mineral species from the Perry pit, Mariposa mine, Terlingua mining district, Brewster County, Texas, USA SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE terlinguacreekite; new mineral species; mercury oxychloride; X-ray data; electron-microprobe data; reflectance data; Perry pit; Mariposa mine; Terlingua mining district; Brewster County; Texas; McDermitt mine; Humboldt County; Nevada ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HG3O2CL2 AB Terlinguacreekite, ideally Hg32+O2Cl2, has a very pronounced subcell that is orthorhombic, space-group choices Imam, Imcm, Ima2 and I2cm, with unit-cell parameters refined from powder data: a 6.737(3), b 25.528(10), c 5.533(2) angstrom, V 951.6(6) angstrom(3), a:b:c 0.2639:1:0.2167, Z = 8. The true symmetry, supercell unit-cell parameters, and details regarding the crystal structure are unknown. The strongest nine lines of the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in angstrom (I)(subcell hkl)] are: 5.413(30)(011), 4.063(80)(121), 3.201(50)(080), 3.023(50)(161), 2.983(60)(240), 2.858(30)(211), 2.765(50)(002), 2.518(100b)(091, 251) and 2.026(30)(242). The mineral is found in an isolated area measuring approximately I X 0.5 m in the lower level of the Perry pit, Mariposa mine, Terlingua mining district, Brewster County, Texas (type locality), as mm-sized anhedral dark orange to reddish orange crusts of variable thickness on calcite, and rarely as 0.5 mm-sized aggregates of crystals of the same color. It has also been identified at the McDermitt mine, Humboldt County, Nevada, U.S.A., where it occurs with kleinite and calomel in silicified volcanic rocks and sediments. Terlinguacreekite is a secondary phase, most probably formed from the alteration of primary cinnabar or native mercury. At Terlingua, most crusts are thin, almost cryptocrystalline, with no discernable forms, and are resinous and translucent to opaque. Crystals are up to 0.2 mm in length, subhedral, acicular to prismatic, elongation [001], with a maximum length-to-width ratio of 4:1. They are vitreous, transparent, and some crystals have brightly reflecting faces, which may be (010) and (110). The streak is yellow, and the mineral is brittle with an uneven fracture, no observable cleavage, and is soft, nonfluorescent under both long- and short-wave ultraviolet light. D (calc.) is 9.899 g/cm(3) (empirical formula). Material from the McDermitt mine is reversibly photosensitive, and turns from vivid orange to black in strong light. In reflected plane-polarized light, it is bluish grey, with very weak (in air) to distinct (in oil) bireflectance, nonpleochroic, and distinctly anisotropic, with colors masked by ubiquitous yellowish orange to orange internal reflections. Measured values of reflectance obtained in air and in oil are tabulated. Averaged results of electron-microprobe analysis give HgO 92.03, Cl 9.54, Br 1.22, sum 102.79, less O = Cl + Br 2.28. total 100.51 wt.%. The empirical formula is Hg3.002+O2.00(Cl1.90Br0.11)(Sigma 2.01), based on 0 + Cl + Br = 4 atoms per formula unit. The mineral name recalls the creek that flows through the Terlingua mining district and into the Rio Grande River. C1 Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. Canadian Museum Nat, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada. Salzburg Univ, Dept Geog Geol & Mineral, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. Univ Manitoba, Dept Geol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Mineral Res Co, San Jose, CA 95127 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Roberts, AC (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. EM aroberts@nrcan.gc.ca RI Hawthorne, Frank/F-6864-2011; Burns, Peter/J-3359-2013 OI Hawthorne, Frank/0000-0001-6405-9931; NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 78087, MERILINE POSTAL OUTLET, 1460 MERIVALE RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2E 1B1, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 43 BP 1055 EP 1060 DI 10.2113/gscanmin.43.3.1055 PN 3 PG 6 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 957WA UT WOS:000231402800015 ER PT J AU Kile, DE AF Kile, DE TI Mineralogy and provenance of clays in miarolitic cavities of the Pikes Peak batholith, Colorado SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE smectite; illite; kaolinite; miarolitic cavity; crystallite-thickness distribution; crystallite-thickness variance; granitic pegmatite; clay minerals; Pikes Peak batbolith; Colorado ID GROWTH MECHANISMS; GRANITIC PEGMATITES; CALIFORNIA; EVOLUTION; COMPLEX; MICAS AB Clay samples from 105 cavities within miarolitic granitic pegmatites throughout the Pikes Peak batholith, in Colorado, were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Smectite (beidellite), illite, and kaolinite were found within the cavities. Calculation of crystallite-thickness distribution (CTD), mean thickness of the crystallites, and variance in crystallite thickness, as deduced from XRD patterns, allowed a determination of provenance and mode of formation for illite and smectite. Authigenic miarolitic-cavity illite and smectite show lognormal CTDs and larger mean thicknesses of crystallites than do their soil-derived counterparts; non-lognormal illite in a cavity results from mixing of cavity and soil illite. Analysis of mean thickness and thickness variance shows that crystal growth of illite is initiated by a nucleation event of short duration, followed by surface-controlled kinetics. Crystallization of the miarolitic cavity clays is presumed to occur by neoformation from hydrothermal fluids. The assessment of provenance allows a determination of regional and local distributions of clay minerals in miarolitic cavities within the Pikes Peak batholith. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Kile, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM dkile4@comcast.net NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 78087, MERILINE POSTAL OUTLET, 1460 MERIVALE RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2E 1B1, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 43 BP 1093 EP 1105 DI 10.2113/gscanmin.43.3.1093 PN 3 PG 13 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 957WA UT WOS:000231402800019 ER PT J AU Liu, JX Chen, JM Price, DT Liu, SG AF Liu, JX Chen, JM Price, DT Liu, SG TI NCWin - A component object model (COM) for processing and visualizing NetCDF data SO CARTOGRAPHIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE NetCDF; COM; model reuse; visualization; data processing ID CARBON BALANCE AB NetCDF (Network Common Data Form) is a data sharing protocol and library that is commonly used in large-scale atmospheric and environmental data archiving and modeling. The NetCDF tool described here, named NCWin and coded with Borland C+ + Builder, was built as a standard executable as well as a COM (component object model) for the Microsoft Windows environment. COM is a powerful technology that enhances the reuse of applications (as components). Environmental model developers from different modeling environments, such as Python, JAVA, VISUAL FORTRAN, VISUAL BASIC, VISUAL C+ +, and DELPHI, can reuse NCWin in their models to read, write and visualize NetCDF data. Some Windows applications, such as ArcGIS and Microsoft PowerPoint, can also call NCWin within the application. NCWin has three major components: 1) The data conversion part is designed to convert binary raw data to and from NetCDF data. It can process six data types (unsigned char, signed char, short, int, float, double) and three spatial data formats (BIP, BIL, BSQ); 2) The visualization part is designed for displaying grid map series (playing forward or backward) with simple map legend, and displaying temporal trend curves for data on individual map pixels; and 3) The modeling interface is designed for environmental model development by which a set of integrated NetCDF functions is provided for processing NetCDF data. To demonstrate that the NCWin can easily extend the functions of some current GIS software and the Office applications, examples of calling NCWin within ArcGIS and MS PowerPoint for showing NetCDF map animations are given. C1 USGS, EROS Data Ctr, Res Associateship Programs, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Univ Toronto, Program Planning, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. RP Liu, JX (reprint author), USGS, EROS Data Ctr, Res Associateship Programs, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM jxliu@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0008-7041 J9 CARTOGR J JI Cartogr. J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1179/000870405X57301 PG 9 WC Geography SC Geography GA 953XK UT WOS:000231118500008 ER PT J AU Moniz, L Nichols, J Trickey, S Seaver, M Pecora, D Pecora, L AF Moniz, L Nichols, J Trickey, S Seaver, M Pecora, D Pecora, L TI Using chaotic forcing to detect damage in a structure SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; SYNCHRONIZATION AB In this work we develop a numerical test for Holder continuity and apply it and another test for continuity to the difficult problem of detecting damage in structures. We subject a thin metal plate with incremental damage to the plate changes, its filtering properties, and therefore the phase space trajectories of the response chaotic excitation of various bandwidths. Damage to the plate changes its filtering properties and therefore the phase space of the response. Because the data are multivariate (the plate is instrumented with multiple sensors) we use a singular value decomposition of the set of the output time series to reduce the embedding dimension of the response time series. We use two geometric tests to compare an attractor reconstructed from data from an undamaged structure to that reconstructed from data from a damaged structure. These two tests translate to testing for both generalized and differentiable synchronization between responses. We show loss of synchronization of responses with damage to the structure. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Moniz, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM lmoniz@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 AR 023106 DI 10.1063/1.1903203 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 937HJ UT WOS:000229914900006 PM 16035882 ER PT J AU Epler, JH Ray, DH Thom, TA AF Epler, JH Ray, DH Thom, TA TI New distribution records for water beetles (Coleoptera : Elmidae, Gyrinidae) in Florida SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Florida Dept Environm Protect, Pensacola, FL 32502 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Eglin AFB, Niceville, FL 32578 USA. RP Epler, JH (reprint author), 461 Tiger Hammock Rd, Crawfordsville, FL 32327 USA. EM johnepler@earthlink.net NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI NATCHEZ PA PO BOX 767, NATCHEZ, MS 39121 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 59 IS 2 BP 270 EP 271 DI 10.1649/800 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 953AL UT WOS:000231047700015 ER PT J AU Pritchett, K Corrow, D Stockwell, J Smith, A AF Pritchett, K Corrow, D Stockwell, J Smith, A TI Euthanasia of neonatal mice with carbon dioxide SO COMPARATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ONE-MINUTE INHALATION; CO2 NARCOSIS; LABORATORY-ANIMALS; BRAIN; RESISTANCE; ACIDOSIS; HYPOXIA; ADULT; MOUSE; SWINE AB Exposure to carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most prevalent method used to euthanize rodents in biomedical research. The purpose of this study was to determine the time of CO 2 exposure required to euthanize neonatal mice (0 to 10 days old). Multiple groups of mice were exposed to 100% CO2 for time periods between 5 and 60 min. Mice were placed in room air for 10 or 20 min after CO2 exposure, to allow for the chance of recovery. If mice recovered at one time point, a longer exposure was examined. Inbred and outbred mice were compared. Results of the study indicated that time to death varied with the age of the animals and could be as long as 50 min on the day of birth and differed between inbred and outbred mice. Institutions euthanizing neonatal mice with CO2 may wish to adjust their CO2 exposure time periods according to the age of the mice and their genetic background. C1 Charles River Labs, Anim Serv, Wilmington, MA 01887 USA. Jackson Lab, Lab Anim Hlth Serv, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. Univ Penn, Univ Lab Resources, Sch Vet Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Pathobiol, Sch Vet Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Pritchett, K (reprint author), Charles River Labs, Anim Serv, Wilmington, MA 01887 USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1532-0820 J9 COMPARATIVE MED JI Comparative Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 55 IS 3 BP 275 EP 281 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 042RM UT WOS:000237546700010 PM 16089177 ER PT J AU Peterson, MN Lopez, RR Laurent, EJ Frank, PA Silvy, NJ Liu, JG AF Peterson, MN Lopez, RR Laurent, EJ Frank, PA Silvy, NJ Liu, JG TI Wildlife loss through domestication: The case of endangered key deer SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endangered species; Florida; Odocoileus virginianus clavium; urban wildlife ID FRAGMENTATION; BIODIVERSITY; URBANIZATION; DYNAMICS; COYOTES AB Wildlife extinction represents the ultimate failure of wildlife conservation. It has many causes, some of them natural, but is increasingly tied to anthropogenic factors. Wildlife loss via domestication, however, is sorely considered. We evaluated the potential for inadvertent domestication of wildlife by determining the effect of feeding and watering on Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) density, group size, and distribution. Key deer sightings were significantly higher in areas (42 ha) surrounding the households that provided food and water (0.18 deer/m; n= 8) than in randomly selected areas (0.03 deer/m; t = 3.82, 14 df, p = 0.002). Average distance to a household providing food and water decreased logistically as group size increased, and large groups (>2 individuals each) were observed more frequently in areas where food and water were provided (27.5%) than in the randomly selected areas (7.5%). The incidence of large groups outside feeding areas (7.5%), however; was similar to the incidence of large groups during early urbanization (5.1%; 1968-1973). Our results suggest illegal feeding caused changes in density, group size, and distribution indicative of domestication. Because fresh water and food were primary selective pressures for Key deer before illegal feeding and watering genetic changes may occur in the future. For those who value "wildness" in wildlife, domestication of wildlife species is a serious problem that must be addressed. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA. RP Peterson, MN (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM peter529@msu.edu RI Liu, Jianguo/G-5211-2015 OI Liu, Jianguo/0000-0001-6344-0087 NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 939 EP 944 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00069.x PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 930WP UT WOS:000229448100045 ER PT J AU Rogers, CS Sutherland, KP Porter, JW AF Rogers, CS Sutherland, KP Porter, JW TI Has white pox disease been affecting Acropora palmata for over 30 years? SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Editorial Material ID BAND DISEASE; REEFS; CORAL C1 US Geol Survey, Caribbean Field Stn, St Johns, VI 00830 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Rogers, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Caribbean Field Stn, 1300 Cruz Bay Creek, St Johns, VI 00830 USA. EM caroline_rogers@usgs.gov OI Patterson Sutherland, Kathryn/0000-0002-8192-1500 NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 194 EP 194 DI 10.1007/s00338-004-0470-2 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 936RI UT WOS:000229872700004 ER PT J AU Cobban, WA Dyman, TS Porter, KW AF Cobban, WA Dyman, TS Porter, KW TI Paleontology and stratigraphy of upper Coniacian - middle Santonian ammonite zones and application to erosion surfaces and marine transgressive strata in Montana and Alberta SO CRETACEOUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Coniacian; Santonian; Cretaceous; MacGowan Concretionary Bed; western interior; unconformities ID BAD HEART FORMATION; RIVER ARCH AREA; CARDIUM FORMATION; CANADA; DEPOSITION; FOOTHILLS AB Erosional surfaces are present in middle and upper Coniacian rocks in Montana and Alberta, and probably at the base of the middle Santonian in the Western Interior of Canada. These erosional surfaces are biostratigraphically constrained using inoceramid bivalves and ammonites, which are used to define lower, middle, and upper substages of both the Coniacian and Santonian stages of the Upper Cretaceous in this region. The most detailed biostratigraphy associated with these erosional surfaces concerns the MacGowan Concretionary Bed in the Kevin Member of the Marias River Shale in Montana, where the bed lies disconformably on middle or lowermost upper Coniacian strata, and is overlain by upper Coniacian beds. Surface and subsurface investigations in west-central Alberta reveal that the Bad Heart Formation, bounded by unconformities, is about the age of the MacGowan Concretionary Bed. Coniacian and Santonian strata are present elsewhere in Alberta and adjoining areas, but little has been published concerning the Santonian megafossils. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Montana Bur Mines & Geol, Butte, MT 59701 USA. RP Dyman, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM dyman@usgs.gov NR 98 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6671 J9 CRETACEOUS RES JI Cretac. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 3 BP 429 EP 449 DI 10.1016/j.cretes.2005.01.007 PG 21 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 950OQ UT WOS:000230867200003 ER PT J AU Kessler, C AF Kessler, C TI Observation of a coconut crab, Birgus Latro (Linnaeus, 1767) predation on a Polynesian rat, Rattus exulans (Peale, 1848) SO CRUSTACEANA LA English DT Article C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Kessler, C (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Room 3-122,Box 50088,300 Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM curt_kessler@fws.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0011-216X J9 CRUSTACEANA JI Crustaceana PD JUN PY 2005 VL 78 BP 761 EP 762 DI 10.1163/156854005774353485 PN 6 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 972XB UT WOS:000232485500012 ER PT J AU Baines, KH Momary, TW Buratti, BJ Matson, DL Nelson, RM Drossart, P Sicardy, B Formisano, V Bellucci, G Coradini, A Griffith, C Brown, RH Bibring, JP Langevin, Y Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Clark, RN Combes, M Cruikshank, DP Jaumann, R Mccord, TB Mennella, V Nicholson, PD Sotin, C AF Baines, KH Momary, TW Buratti, BJ Matson, DL Nelson, RM Drossart, P Sicardy, B Formisano, V Bellucci, G Coradini, A Griffith, C Brown, RH Bibring, JP Langevin, Y Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Clark, RN Combes, M Cruikshank, DP Jaumann, R Mccord, TB Mennella, V Nicholson, PD Sotin, C TI The atmospheres of Saturn and Titan in the near-infrared: First results of Cassini/VIMS SO EARTH MOON AND PLANETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Saturn Universe Workshop CY OCT, 2004 CL Capri, ITALY ID TEMPERATURES; ABSORPTION; EMISSION; METHANE; SYSTEM; WINDS; SPOTS; MODEL AB The wide spectral coverage and extensive spatial, temporal, and phase-angle mapping capabilities of the Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) onboard the Cassini-Huygens Orbiter are producing fundamental new insights into the nature of the atmospheres of Saturn and Titan. For both bodies, VIMS maps over time and solar phase angles provide information for a multitude of atmospheric constituents and aerosol layers, providing new insights into atmospheric structure and dynamical and chemical processes. For Saturn, salient early results include evidence for phosphine depletion in relatively dark and less cloudy belts at temperate and mid-latitudes compared to the relatively bright and cloudier Equatorial Region, consistent with traditional theories of belts being regions of relative downwelling. Additional Saturn results include (1) the mapping of enhanced trace gas absorptions at the south pole, and (2) the first high phase-angle, high-spatial-resolution imagery of CH4 fluorescence. An additional fundamental new result is the first nighttime near-infrared mapping of Saturn, clearly showing discrete meteorological features relatively deep in the atmosphere beneath the planet's sunlit haze and cloud layers, thus revealing a new dynamical regime at depth where vertical dynamics is relatively more important than zonal dynamics in determining cloud morphology. Zonal wind measurements at deeper levels than previously available are achieved by tracking these features over multiple days, thereby providing measurements of zonal wind shears within Saturn's troposphere when compared to cloudtop movements measured in reflected sunlight. For Titan, initial results include (1) the first detection and mapping of thermal emission spectra of CO, CO2, and CH3D on Titan's nightside limb, (2) the mapping of CH4 fluorescence over the dayside bright limb, extending to similar to 750 km altitude, (3) wind measurements of similar to 0.5 ms(-1), favoring prograde, from the movement of a persistent (multiple months) south polar cloud near 88 degrees S latitude, and (4) the imaging of two transient mid-southern-latitude cloud features. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Observ Paris, Meudon, France. CNR, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Paris, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-75252 Paris, France. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Rome, Italy. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. CNRS, Dept Rech Spatial, Meudon, France. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. DLR, Inst Planetary Explorat, Cologne, Germany. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF, Catania, Italy. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodinam, Nantes, France. RP Baines, KH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kbaines@aloha.jpl.nasa.gov OI Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314 NR 28 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9295 J9 EARTH MOON PLANETS JI Earth Moon Planets PD JUN PY 2005 VL 96 IS 3-4 BP 119 EP 147 DI 10.1007/s11038-005-9058-2 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 038VG UT WOS:000237257000004 ER PT J AU Hapke, CJ AF Hapke, CJ TI Estimation of regional material yield from coastal landslides based on historical digital terrain modelling SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE coastal landslides; material yield; digital terrain models; photogrammetry; Big Sur; marine sanctuary; rock strength ID ANALYTICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY; ELEVATION MODELS; ROCK AB High-resolution historical (1942) and recent (1994) digital terrain models were derived from aerial photographs along the Big Sur coastline in central California to measure the long-term volume of material that enters the nearshore environment. During the 52-year measurement time period, an average of 21000 3100 m(3) km(-1) a(-1) of material was eroded from nine study sections distributed along the coast, with a low yield of 1000 +/- 240 m(3) km(-1) a(-1) and a high of 46 700 7300 m(3) km(-1) a(-1). The results compare well with known volumes from several deep-seated landslides in the area and suggest that the processes by which material is delivered to the coast are episodic in nature. In addition, a number of parameters are investigated to determine what influences the substantial variation in yield along the coast. It is found that the magnitude of regional coastal landslide sediment yield is primarily related to the physical strength of the slope-forming material. Coastal Highway I runs along the lower portion of the slope along this stretch of coastline, and winter storms frequently damage the highway. The California Department of Transportation is responsible for maintaining this scenic highway while minimizing the impacts to the coastal ecosystems that are part of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. This study provides environmental managers with critical background data on the volumes of material that historically enter the nearshore from landslides, as well as demonstrating the application of deriving historical digital terrain data to model landscape evolution. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Hapke, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM chapke@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 6 BP 679 EP 697 DI 10.1002/esp.1168 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 938EC UT WOS:000229981700003 ER PT J AU Mazerolle, MJ Desrochers, A Rochefort, L AF Mazerolle, MJ Desrochers, A Rochefort, L TI Landscape characteristics influence pond occupancy by frogs after accounting for detectability SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE amphibian; detection; field surveys; habitat disturbance; landscape; logistic regression; New Brunswick; Canada; patch; peatland; Rana clamitans; site-occupancy model ID AMPHIBIAN SPECIES RICHNESS; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; LARVAL AMPHIBIANS; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; ISOLATED WETLANDS; TEMPORARY PONDS; FOREST CANOPY; LAND-USE AB Many investigators have hypothesized that landscape attributes such as the amount and proximity of habitat are important for amphibian spatial patterns. This has produced a number of studies focusing on the effects of landscape characteristics on amphibian patterns of occurrence in patches or ponds, most of which conclude that the landscape is important. We identified two concerns associated with these studies: one deals with their applicability to other landscape types, as most have been conducted in agricultural landscapes; the other highlights the need to account for the probability of detection. We tested the hypothesis that landscape characteristics influence spatial patterns of amphibian occurrence at ponds after accounting for the probability of detection in little-studied peatland landscapes undergoing peat mining. We also illustrated the costs of not accounting for the probability of detection by comparing our results to conventional logistic regression analyses. Results indicate that frog occurrence increased with the percent cover of ponds within 100, 250, and 1000 m, as well as the amount of forest cover within 1000 m. However, forest cover at 250 m had a negative influence on frog presence at ponds. Not accounting for the probability of detection resulted in underestimating the influence of most variables on frog occurrence, whereas a few were overestimated. Regardless, we show that conventional logistic regression can lead to different conclusions than analyses accounting for detectability. Our study is consistent with the hypothesis that landscape characteristics are important in determining the spatial patterns of frog occurrence at ponds. We strongly recommend estimating the probability of detection in field surveys, as this will increase the quality and conservation potential of models derived from such data. C1 Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Biol Forestiere, Fac Foresterie & Geomat, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ Laval, Dept Phytol, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. RP Mazerolle, MJ (reprint author), Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mmazerolle@usgs.gov RI Desrochers, Andre/B-6248-2008; OI Desrochers, Andre/0000-0002-5676-964X; Mazerolle, Marc/0000-0002-0486-0310 NR 95 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 37 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 824 EP 834 DI 10.1890/04-0502 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 934QN UT WOS:000229723400005 ER PT J AU Katz, GL Friedman, JM Beatty, SW AF Katz, GL Friedman, JM Beatty, SW TI Delayed effects of flood control on a flood-dependent riparian forest SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE channel narrowing; dam effects; Elaeagnus; Populus; riparian vegetation; Salix; streamflow regulation ID COTTONWOOD SEEDLING RECRUITMENT; UPPER MISSOURI RIVER; GREAT-PLAINS; GREEN RIVER; CHANNEL CHANGE; RUSSIAN OLIVE; PLATTE RIVER; VEGETATION; DOWNSTREAM; PATTERNS AB The downstream effects of dams on riparian forests are strongly mediated by the character and magnitude of adjustment of the fluvial-geomorphic system. To examine the effects of flow regulation on sand-bed streams in eastern Colorado, we studied the riparian forest on three river segments, the dam-regulated South Fork Republican River downstream of Bonny Dam, the unregulated South Fork Republican River upstream of Bonny Dam, and the unregulated Arikaree River. Although Bonny Dam significantly reduced peak and mean discharge downstream since 1951, there was little difference in forest structure between the regulated and unregulated segments. On all river segments, the riparian forest was dominated by the native pioneer tree, Populus deltoides, which became established during a period of channel narrowing beginning after the 1935 flood of record and ending by 1965. The normative Elaeagnus angustifolia was present on all river segments, with recruitment ongoing. The lack of contrast in forest structure between regulated and unregulated reaches resulted primarily from the fact that no large floods occurred on any of the study segments since dam construction. Most of the riparian forest in the study area was located on the broad narrowing terrace, which was rarely inundated on the unregulated segments, resulting in little contrast with the regulated segment. A minor dam effect occurred on the small modern floodplain, which was actively disturbed on the unregulated segments, but not on the regulated segments. Although Bonny Dam had the potential to significantly influence downstream riparian ecosystems, this influence had not been expressed, and may never be if a large flood does not occur within the lifetime of the dam. Minor dam effects to riparian systems can be expected downstream of large dams in some settings, including the present example in which there was insufficient time for the dam effects to by fully expressed. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Katz, GL (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, ASU Box 32066, Boone, NC 28608 USA. OI Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-1329-0663 NR 68 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 14 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 1019 EP 1035 DI 10.1890/04-0076 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 934QN UT WOS:000229723400019 ER PT J AU Yin, ZY Peng, SL Ren, H Guo, QF Chen, ZH AF Yin, ZY Peng, SL Ren, H Guo, QF Chen, ZH TI LogCauchy, log-sech and lognormal distributions of species abundances in forest communities SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE species-abundance distribution (SAD); left-truncation; logCauchy (LC); log-sech (LS); lognormal (LN); sequential distribution set ID RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; TROPICAL FORESTS; NEUTRAL THEORY; DIVERSITY; POPULATION; MODELS; DISTURBANCE; PATTERNS; INVERTEBRATES; BIODIVERSITY AB Species-abundance (SA) pattern is one of the most fundamental aspects of biological community structure, providing important information regarding species richness, species-area relation and succession. To better describe the SA distribution (SAD) in a community, based on the widely used lognormal (LN) distribution model with exp(-x(2)) roll-off on Preston's octave scale, this study proposed two additional models, logCauchy (LC) and log-sech (LS), respectively with roll-offs of simple x(-2) and e(-x). The estimation of the theoretical total number of species in the whole community, S(*), including very rare species not yet collected in sample, was derived from the left-truncation of each distribution. We fitted these three models by Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear regression and measured the model fit to the data using coefficient of determination of regression, parameters, t-test and distribution's Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test. Examining the SA data from six forest communities (five in lower subtropics and one in tropics), we found that: (1) on a log scale, all three models that are bell-shaped and left-truncated statistically adequately fitted the observed SADs, and the LC and LS did better than the LN; (2) from each model and for each community the S(*) values estimated by the integral and summation methods were almost equal, allowing us to estimate S(*) using a simple integral formula and to estimate its asymptotic confidence internals by regression of a transformed model containing it; (3) following the order of LC, LS, and LN, the fitted distributions became lower in the peak, less concave in the side, and shorter in the tail, and overall the LC tended to overestimate, the LN tended to underestimate, while the LS was intermediate but slightly tended to underestimate, the observed SADs (particularly the number of common species in the right tail); (4) the six communities had some similar structural properties such as following similar distribution models, having a common modal octave and a similar proportion of common species. We suggested that what follows the LN distribution should follow (or better follow) the LC and LS, and that the LC, LS and LN distributions represent a "sequential distribution set" in which one can find a best fit to the observed SAD. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, S China Inst Bot, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. Guangdong Forest Res Inst, Guangzhou 510520, Guangdong, Peoples R China. Zhongshan Univ, Sch Life Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. S China Normal Univ, Guangzhou 510631, Peoples R China. RP Yin, ZY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Inst Bot, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM yinzuoyun@yahoo.com.cn RI Guo, Qinfeng/A-8034-2009 NR 59 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 184 IS 2-4 BP 329 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.10.011 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 928LK UT WOS:000229272900012 ER PT J AU Cross, PC Lloyd-Smith, JO Johnson, PLF Getz, WM AF Cross, PC Lloyd-Smith, JO Johnson, PLF Getz, WM TI Duelling timescales of host movement and disease recovery determine invasion of disease in structured populations SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE disease invasion; metapopulation; dispersal; epidemiological modelling ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; SPATIAL STRUCTURE; SPECIES RICHNESS; SIR EPIDEMICS; MODELS; TRANSMISSION; PERSISTENCE; THRESHOLDS AB The epidemic potential of a disease is traditionally assessed using the basic reproductive number, R-0. However, in populations with social or spatial structure a chronic disease is more likely to invade than an acute disease with the same R-0, because it persists longer within each group and allows for more host movement between groups. Acute diseases 'perceive' a more structured host population, and it is more important to consider host population structure in analyses of these diseases. The probability of a pandemic does not arise independently from characteristics of either the host or disease, but rather from the interaction of host movement and disease recovery timescales. The R-* statistic, a group-level equivalent of R-0, is a better indicator of disease invasion in structured populations than the individual-level R-0. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USGS, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, Mammal Res Inst, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Cross, PC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pcross@nature.berkeley.edu RI Lloyd-Smith, James/K-4080-2012; OI Lloyd-Smith, James/0000-0001-7941-502X; Getz, Wayne/0000-0001-8784-9354; Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 NR 44 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 5 U2 35 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 6 BP 587 EP 595 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00760.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 930AZ UT WOS:000229389500002 ER PT J AU Hamilton, SJ Holley, KM Buhl, KJ Bullard, FA AF Hamilton, SJ Holley, KM Buhl, KJ Bullard, FA TI Selenium impacts on razorback sucker, Colorado: Colorado River III. Larvae SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Review DE razorback sucker; Colorado River; endangered fish; selenium; trace elements; survival; arsenic ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; BLUEGILLS LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; DIETARY SELENIUM; TRACE-ELEMENTS; STRIPED BASS; FOOD-CHAIN; EGG SIZE AB Razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) larvae from adults exposed to selenium at three sites near Grand Junction, Colorado, for 9 months were used in a 30-day waterborne and dietary selenium study. Selenium concentrations in water averaged < 1.6 mu g/L from 24-Road, 0.9 mu g/L from Horsethief, 5.5 mu g/L from Adobe Creek, and 10.7 mu g/L from the North Pond. Selenium in dietary items averaged 2.7 mu g/g in brine shrimp, 5.6 mu g/g in zooplankton from Horsethief east wetland, 20 mu g/g in zooplankton from Adobe Creek, and 39 mu g/g in zooplankton from North Pond. The lowest survival occurred in larvae fed zooplankton rather than brine shrimp. Survival of larvae at Adobe Creek and North Pond was lower in site water than in reference water. Survival of brood stock larvae was higher than Horsethief larvae even though they received the same water and dietary treatments. Arsenic concentrations in brine shrimp may have resulted in an antagonistic interaction with selenium and reduced adverse effects in larvae. Deformities in larvae from North Pond were similar to those reported for selenium-induced teratogenic deformities in other fish species. Selenium concentrations of >= 4.6 mu g/g in food resulted in rapid mortality of larvae from Horsethief, Adobe Creek, and North Pond, and suggested that selenium toxicity in the Colorado River could limit recovery of this endangered fish. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Field Res Stn, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA. RP Buhl, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Field Res Stn, 31247 436th Ave, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. EM kevin_buhl@usgs.gov NR 124 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 61 IS 2 BP 168 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.07.004 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 929ZQ UT WOS:000229385800004 PM 15883090 ER PT J AU Hamilton, SJ Buhl, KJ Bullard, FA McDonald, SF AF Hamilton, SJ Buhl, KJ Bullard, FA McDonald, SF TI Reduced growth and survival of larval razorback sucker fed selenium-laden zooplankton SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE selenium; razorback sucker; Green River; diet exposure ID XYRAUCHEN-TEXANUS; GREEN-RIVER; FATHEAD MINNOW; COLORADO-RIVER; RAINBOW-TROUT; FOOD-CHAIN; TOXICITY; WATER; FISH; UTAH AB Four groups of larval razorback sucker, an endangered fish, were exposed to selenium-laden zooplankton and survival, growth, and whole-body residues were measured. Studies were conducted with 5, 10, 24, and 28-day-old larvae fed zooplankton collected from six sites adjacent to the Green River, Utah. Water where zooplankton were collected had selenium concentrations ranging from < 0.4 to 78 mu g/L, and concentrations in zooplankton ranged from 2.3 to 91 mu g/g dry weight. Static renewal tests were conducted for 20 to 25 days using reference water with selenium concentrations of < 1.1 mu g/L. In all studies, 80-100% mortality occurred in 15-20 days. In the 28-day-old larvae, fish weight was significantly reduced 25% in larvae fed zooplankton containing 12 mu g/g selenium. Whole-body concentrations of selenium ranged from 3.7 to 14.3 mu g/g in fish fed zooplankton from the reference site (Sheppard Bottom pond 1) up to 94 mu g/g in fish fed zooplankton from North Roadside Pond. Limited information prior to the studies suggested that the Sheppard pond I site was relatively clean and suitable as a reference treatment; however, the nearly complete mortality of larvae and elevated concentrations of selenium in larvae and selenium and other elements in zooplankton indicated that this site was contaminated with selenium and other elements. Selenium concentrations in whole-body larvae and in zooplankton from all sites were close to or greater than toxic thresholds where adverse effects occur in fish. Delayed mortality occurred in larvae fed the two highest selenium concentrations in zooplankton and was thought due to an interaction with other elements. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Field Res Ctr, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. RP Hamilton, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Field Res Ctr, 31247 436th Ave, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. EM steve_hamilton@usgs.gov NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 61 IS 2 BP 190 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.11.009 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 929ZQ UT WOS:000229385800005 PM 15883091 ER PT J AU Royle, JA Wikle, CK AF Royle, JA Wikle, CK TI Efficient statistical mapping of avian count data SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE breeding bird survey; mapping count data; poisson model; random effects; spatial prediction; spatial modeling; spatial statistics ID DESIGN; OCEAN; BIRDS AB We develop a spatial modeling framework for count data that is efficient to implement in high-dimensional prediction problems. We consider spectral parameterizations for the spatially varying mean of a Poisson model. The spectral parameterization of the spatial process is very computationally efficient, enabling effective estimation and prediction in large problems using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. We apply this model to creating avian relative abundance maps from North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Variation in the ability of observers to count birds is modeled as spatially independent noise, resulting in over-dispersion relative to the Poisson assumption. This approach represents an improvement over existing approaches used for spatial modeling of BBS data which are either inefficient for continental scale modeling and prediction or fail to accommodate important distributional features of count data thus leading to inaccurate accounting of prediction uncertainty. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 37 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 2 BP 225 EP 243 DI 10.1007/s10651-005-1043-4 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 927YU UT WOS:000229239100007 ER PT J AU Wetherbee, GA Latysh, NE Gordon, JD AF Wetherbee, GA Latysh, NE Gordon, JD TI Spatial and temporal variability of the overall error of National Atmospheric Deposition Program measurements determined by the USGS collocated-sampler program, water years 1989-2001 SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NADP Technical Committee Meeting/Ammonia Workshop CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP NADP DE NADP; precipitation; quality assurance; variability ID PRECIPITATION AB Data from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collocated-sampler program for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) are used to estimate the overall error of NADP/NTN measurements. Absolute errors are estimated by comparison of paired measurements from collocated instruments. Spatial and temporal differences in absolute error were identified and are consistent with longitudinal distributions of NADP/NTN measurements and spatial differences in precipitation characteristics. The magnitude of error for calcium, magnesium, ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate concentrations, specific conductance, and sample volume is of minor environmental significance to data users. Data collected after a 1994 sample-handling protocol change are prone to less absolute error than data collected prior to 1994. Absolute errors are smaller during nonwinter months than during winter months for selected constituents at sites where frozen precipitation is common. Minimum resolvable differences are estimated for different regions of the USA to aid spatial and temporal watershed analyses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Water Resources Discipline, Off Water Qual,Branch Qual Syst, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Water Resources Discipline, Colorado Dist, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wetherbee, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Water Resources Discipline, Off Water Qual,Branch Qual Syst, Box 25046,MS 401, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM wetherbe@usgs.gov; nlatysh@usgs.gov; jgordon@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 135 IS 3 BP 407 EP 418 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.11.014 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910OO UT WOS:000227941400008 PM 15749539 ER PT J AU Schmitt, CJ Whyte, JJ Brumbaugh, WG Tillitt, DE AF Schmitt, CJ Whyte, JJ Brumbaugh, WG Tillitt, DE TI Biochemical effects of lead, zinc, and cadmium from mining on fish in the Tri-States District of northeastern Oklahoma, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE metals; mining; iron; delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity; hemoglobin ID AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID DEHYDRATASE; ALA-D ACTIVITY; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; COEUR-DALENE RIVER; BLOOD COMPOSITION; HARMFUL EXPOSURE; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; INORGANIC LEAD; RAINBOW-TROUT; MINE TAILINGS AB We assessed the exposure of fish from the Spring and Neosho Rivers in northeast Oklahoma, USA, to lead, zinc, and cadmium from historical mining in the Tri-States Mining District (TSMD). Fish (n = 74) representing six species were collected in October 2001 from six sites on the Spring and Neosho Rivers influenced to differing degrees by mining. Additional samples were obtained from the Big River, a heavily contaminated stream in eastern Missouri, USA, and from reference sites. Blood from each fish was analyzed for Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe, and hemoglobin (Hb). Blood also was analyzed for δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratuse (ALA-D) activity. The activity of ALA-D, an enzyme involved in heme synthesis, is inhibited by Pb. Concentrations of Fe and Hb were highly correlated (r = 0.89, p < 0.01) across all species and locations and typically were greater in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) than in other taxa. Concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd typically were greatest in fish from sites most heavily affected by mining and lowest in reference samples. The activity of ALA-D, but not concentrations of Hb or Fe, also differed significantly (p < 0.01) among sites and species. Enzyme activity was lowest in fish from mining-contaminated sites and greatest in reference fish, and was correlated negatively with Pb in most species. Statistically significant (p < 0.01) linear regression models that included negative terms for blood Pb explained as much as 68% of the total variation in ALA-D activity, but differences among taxa were highly evident. Positive correlations with Zn were documented in the combined data for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris), as has been reported for other taxa, but not in bass (Micropterus spp.) or carp. In channel catfish, ALA-D activity appeared to be more sensitive to blood Pb than in the other species investigated (i.e., threshold concentrations for inhibition were lower). Such among-species differences are consistent with previous studies. Enzyme activity was inhibited by more than 50% relative to reference sites in channel catfish from several TSMD sites. Collectively, our results indicate that Pb is both bioavailable and active biochemically in the Spring-Neosho River system. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, ASci Corp, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Schmitt, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, ASci Corp, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM cjschmitt@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1483 EP 1495 DI 10.1897/04-332R.1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 926RN UT WOS:000229140400023 PM 16117126 ER PT J AU Birchmeier, KL Smith, KA Passino-Reader, DR Sweet, LI Chernyak, SM Adams, JV Omann, GM AF Birchmeier, KL Smith, KA Passino-Reader, DR Sweet, LI Chernyak, SM Adams, JV Omann, GM TI Effects of selected polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants on lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) thymocyte viability, apoptosis, and necrosis SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lake trout; thymocytes; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; apoptosis; immunotoxicity ID THYROID-HORMONE; GREAT-LAKES; WILD SALMON; PBDES; MICE; CONTAMINANTS; EXPOSURE; SWEDEN; FISHES; DE-71 AB Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame-retardants have been identified as an emergent contaminants issue in many parts of the world. In vitro analyses were conducted to test the hypothesis that selected PBDEs congeners affect viability, apoptosis, and necrosis of thymocytes from laboratory-reared lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). At current environmental levels (< 1 mg/L), effects of the tested PBDEs on thymocytes were negligible. However, at 100 mg/L, major effects were seen for congener brominated diphenyl ether 47 (BDE-47) and minor effects were seen for congener BDE-99. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. VA Med Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Omann, GM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM gmomann@starband.net NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1518 EP 1522 DI 10.1897/04-347R.1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 926RN UT WOS:000229140400028 PM 16117131 ER PT J AU Allen, YC Wilson, CA Roberts, DH Supan, J AF Allen, YC Wilson, CA Roberts, DH Supan, J TI High resolution mapping and classification of oyster habitats in nearshore Louisiana using sidescan sonar SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; REEF HABITAT; TECHNOLOGIES; ACCURACY; ESTUARY; SYSTEM AB Sidescan sonar holds great promise as a tool to quantitatively depict the distribution and extent of benthic habitats in Louisiana's turbid estuaries. In this study, we describe an effective protocol for acoustic sampling in this environment. We also compared three methods of classification in detail: mean-based thresholding, supervised, and unsupervised techniques to classify sidescan imagery into categories of mud and shell. Classification results were compared to ground truth results using quadrat and dredge sampling. Supervised classification gave the best overall result (kappa = 75%) when compared to quadrat results. Classification accuracy was less robust when compared to all dredge samples (kappa = 21-56%), but increased greatly (90-100%) when only dredge samples taken from acoustically homogeneous areas were considered. Sidescan sonar when combined with ground truth sampling at an appropriate scale can be effectively used to establish an accurate substrate base map for both research applications and shellfish management. The sidescan imagery presented here also provides, for the first time, a detailed presentation of oyster habitat patchiness and scale in a productive oyster growing area. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Fisheries Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Sea Grant Coll, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Allen, YC (reprint author), NWRC, USGS, BRD, Gulf Breeze Project Off, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM allenyc@lsu.edu NR 27 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 3 BP 435 EP 446 DI 10.1007/BF02693925 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 950SI UT WOS:000230877300011 ER PT J AU Mercer, JL Zhao, MX Colman, SM AF Mercer, JL Zhao, MX Colman, SM TI Seasonal variations of alkenones and U-37(K) in the Chesapeake Bay water column SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alkenones; ketones; U-37(K); water temperature; nutrients; estuaries; Chesapeake Bay ID LONG-CHAIN ALKENONES; NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS; MOLECULAR STRATIGRAPHY; TEMPERATURE; PHYTOPLANKTON; OCEAN; SEDIMENT; ATLANTIC; SEA AB Alkenone Unsaturation indices (U-37(K) and (K)(37) have long been used as proxies for surface water temperature in the open ocean. Recent studies have suggested that in other marine environments, variables other than temperature may affect both the production of alkenones and the values of the indices. Here, we present the results of a reconnaissance field study in which alkenones were extracted from particulate matter filtered from the water column in Chesapeake Bay during 2000 and 2001. A multivariate analysis shows a strong positive correlation between U-37(K) (and U-37(K)) values and temperature, and a significant negative correlation between U-37(K) (and U-37(K) values and nitrate concentrations. However, temperature and nitrate concentrations also co-vary significantly. The vs. U-37(K) (U-37(K) =0.018 (T)-0.162 R-2 = 0.84, U-37(K) =0.013 (T)-0.04, R-2 =0.80) have lower slopes than the open-ocean equations of Prahl et al. [1988. Further evaluation of long-chain alkenones as indicators of paleoceanographic conditions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 52, 2303-2310] and Muller et al. [1998. Calibration of the alkenone UK paleotemperature index 37 based on core-tops from the eastern South Atlantic and the global ocean (60 degrees N-60 degrees S). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62, 1757-1772], but are similar to the relationships found in controlled studies with elevated nutrient levels and higher nitrate:phosphate (N:P) ratios. This implies that high nutrient levels in Chesapeake Bay have either lowered the U-37(K) VS, UK temperature slope, or nutrient levels are the main controller of the index. In addition, particularly high abundance, (> 5% of total C-37 alkenones) of the tetra-unsaturated ketone, C-37(K) were found when water temperatures reached 25 degrees C or higher, thus posing further questions about the controls on alkenone production as well as the biochemical roles of alkenones. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Mercer, JL (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Dept 3038,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM mercer@uwyo.edu OI Colman, Steve/0000-0002-0564-9576 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 63 IS 4 BP 675 EP 682 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2005.01.011 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 935UW UT WOS:000229809900017 ER PT J AU May, BE Kaeding, LR AF May, BE Kaeding, LR TI Moving forward from recovery under the US Endangered Species Act to long-term conservation of inland cutthroat trout SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Bozeman, MT USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Montana Fish & Wildlife Management Assistance Off, Branch Nat Fishes Management, Bozeman, MT USA. EM Lynn_Kaeding@fws.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 6 BP 30 EP 33 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 933XI UT WOS:000229665800008 ER PT J AU Thompson, JA Alam, SK AF Thompson, JA Alam, SK TI Analysis of customs trade data to characterize importation of live bait SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ECONOMIC-GROWTH; CONSERVATION C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD USA. US Dept Interior, Off Secretary, Off Environm Policy & Compliance, Washington, DC 20240 USA. RP Thompson, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD USA. EM Julie_thompson@fws.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 6 BP 36 EP 39 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 933XI UT WOS:000229665800010 ER PT J AU Blakely, RJ Brocher, TM Wells, RE AF Blakely, RJ Brocher, TM Wells, RE TI Subduction-zone magnetic anomalies and implications for hydrated forearc mantle SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cascadia convergent margin; magnetic anomalies; gravity anomalies; hydrated mantle; serpentinization; earthquakes ID AEROMAGNETIC PERSPECTIVE; CONVERGENT MARGIN; NORTHEAST JAPAN; CASCADIA; ALASKA; BENEATH; SERPENTINIZATION; WASHINGTON; PLATE; ROCKS AB Continental mantle in subduction zones is hydrated by release of water from the underlying oceanic plate. Magnetite is a significant byproduct of mantle hydration, and forearc mantle, cooled by subduction, should contribute to long-wavelength magnetic anomalies above subduction zones. We test this hypothesis with a quantitative model of the Cascadia convergent margin, based on gravity and aeromagnetic anomalies and constrained by seismic velocities, and find that hydrated mantle explains an important disparity in potential-field anomalies of Cascadia. A comparison with aeromagnetic data, thermal models, and earthquakes of Cascadia, Japan, and southern Alaska suggests that magnetic mantle may be common in forearc settings and thus magnetic anomalies may be useful in mapping hydrated mantle in convergent margins worldwide. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Blakely, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X NR 33 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 17 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 6 BP 445 EP 448 DI 10.1130/G21447.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 930ZE UT WOS:000229454800004 ER PT J AU Graymer, RW Ponce, DA Jachens, RC Simpson, RW Phelps, GA Wentworth, CM AF Graymer, RW Ponce, DA Jachens, RC Simpson, RW Phelps, GA Wentworth, CM TI Three-dimensional geologic map of the Hayward fault, northern California: Correlation of rock units with variations in seismicity, creep rate, and fault dip SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hayward fault; three-dimensional model; geologic map; faults; faulting; creep; relocated hypocenters ID ZONE AB In order to better understand mechanisms of active faults, we studied relationships between fault behavior and rock units along the Hayward fault using a three-dimensional geologic map. The three-dimensional map-constructed from hypocenters, potential field data, and surface map data-provided a geologic map of each fault surface, showing rock units on either side of the fault truncated by the fault. The two fault-surface maps were superimposed to create a rock-rock juxtaposition map. The three maps were compared with seismicity, including aseismic patches, surface creep, and fault dip along the fault, by using visualization software to explore three-dimensional relationships. Fault behavior appears to be correlated to the fault-surface maps, but not to the rock-rock juxtaposition map, suggesting that properties of individual wall-rock units, including rock strength, play an important role in fault behavior. Although preliminary, these results suggest that any attempt to understand the detailed distribution of earthquakes or creep along a fault should include consideration of the rock types that abut the fault surface, including the incorporation of observations of physical properties of the rock bodies that intersect the fault at depth. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Graymer, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 6 BP 521 EP 524 DI 10.1130/G21435.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 930ZE UT WOS:000229454800023 ER PT J AU Curtis, JA Flint, LE Alpers, CN Yarnell, SM AF Curtis, JA Flint, LE Alpers, CN Yarnell, SM TI Conceptual model of sediment processes in the upper Yuba River watershed, Sierra Nevada, CA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Yuba River; conceptual model; Hillslope erosion; sediment storage; hydraulic mining ID CALIFORNIA; CREEK; TRANSPORT; CHANNEL; BUDGET AB This study examines the development of a conceptual model of sediment processes in the upper Yuba River watershed; and we hypothesize how components of the conceptual model may be spatially distributed using a geographical information system (GIS). The conceptual model illustrates key processes controlling sediment dynamics in the upper Yuba River watershed and was tested and revised using field measurements, aerial photography, and low elevation videography. Field reconnaissance included mass wasting and channel storage inventories, assessment of annual channel change in upland tributaries, and evaluation of the relative importance of sediment sources and transport processes. Hillslope erosion rates throughout the study area are relatively low when compared to more rapidly eroding landscapes such as the Pacific Northwest and notable hillslope sediment sources include highly erodible andesitic mudflows, serpentinized ultrarnafics, and unvegetated hydraulic mine pits. Mass wasting dominates surface erosion on the hillslopes; however, erosion of stored channel sediment is the primary contributor to annual sediment yield. We used GIs to spatially distribute the components of the conceptual model and created hillslope erosion potential and channel storage models. The GIS models exemplify the conceptual model in that landscapes with low potential evapotranspiration, sparse vegetation, steep slopes, erodible geology and soils, and high road densities display the greatest hillslope erosion potential and channel storage increases with increasing stream order. In-channel storage in upland tributaries impacted by hydraulic mining is an exception. Reworking of stored hydraulic mining sediment in low-order tributaries continues to elevate upper Yuba River sediment yields. Finally, we propose that spatially distributing the components of a conceptual model in a GIs framework provides a guide for developing more detailed sediment budgets or numerical models making it an inexpensive way to develop a roadmap for understanding sediment dynamics at a watershed scale. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Hydrol Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Curtis, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM jacurtis@usgs.gov OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 3-4 BP 149 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.11.019 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 948TO UT WOS:000230738800001 ER PT J AU Schulte, SM Mooney, WD AF Schulte, SM Mooney, WD TI An updated global earthquake catalogue for stable continental regions: reassessing the correlation with ancient rifts SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE intraplate seismicity; rifts; stable continental ID MADRID SEISMIC ZONE; INTRAPLATE EARTHQUAKES; STRESS; MAGNITUDES; BOUNDARIES; TECTONISM; CANADA; MODEL AB We present an updated global earthquake catalogue for stable continental regions (SCRs; i.e. intraplate earthquakes) that is available on the Internet. Our database contains information on location, magnitude, seismic moment and focal mechanisms for over 1300 M (moment magnitude) >= 4.5 historic and instrumentally recorded crustal events. Using this updated earthquake database in combination with a recently published global catalogue of rifts, we assess the correlation of intraplate seismicity with ancient rifts on a global scale. Each tectonic event is put into one of five categories based on location: (i) interior rifts/taphrogens, (ii) rifted continental margins, (iii) non-rifted crust, (iv) possible interior rifts and (v) possible rifted margins. We find that approximately 27 per cent of all events are classified as interior rifts (i), 25 per cent are rifted continental margins (ii), 36 per cent are within non-rifted crust (iii) and 12 per cent (iv and v) remain uncertain. Thus, over half (52 per cent) of all events are associated with rifted crust, although within the continental interiors (i.e. away from continental margins), non-rifted crust has experienced more earthquakes than interior rifts. No major change in distribution is found if only large (M >= 6.0) earthquakes are considered. The largest events (M >= 7.0) however, have occurred predominantly within rifts (50 per cent) and continental margins (43 per cent). Intraplate seismicity is not distributed evenly. Instead several zones of concentrated seismicity seem to exist. This is especially true for interior rifts/taphrogens, where a total of only 12 regions are responsible for 74 per cent of all events and as much as 98 per cent of all seismic moment released in that category. Of the four rifts/taphrogens that have experienced the largest earthquakes, seismicity within the Kutch rift, India, and the East China rift system, may be controlled by diffuse plate boundary deformation more than by the presence of the ancient rifts themselves. The St. Lawrence depression, Canada, besides being an ancient rift, is also the site of a major collisional suture. Thus only at the Reelfoot rift (New Madrid seismic zone, NMSZ, USA), is the presence of features associated with rifting itself the sole candidate for causing seismicity. Our results suggest that on a global scale, the correlation of seismicity within SCRs and ancient rifts has been overestimated in the past. Because the majority of models used to explain intraplate seismicity have focused on seismicity within rifts, we conclude that a shift in attention more towards non-rifted as well as rifted crust is in order. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mooney@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 161 IS 3 BP 707 EP 721 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02554.x PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 935OX UT WOS:000229792700010 ER PT J AU Lowenstern, J AF Lowenstern, J TI Truth, fiction and everything in between at Yellowstone SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Yellowstone Volcano Observ, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lowenstern, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Yellowstone Volcano Observ, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD JUN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 6 BP 18 EP 23 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 931VH UT WOS:000229513100017 ER PT J AU Ward, DH Reed, A Sedinger, JS Black, JM Derksen, DV Castelli, PM AF Ward, DH Reed, A Sedinger, JS Black, JM Derksen, DV Castelli, PM TI North American Brant: effects of changes in habitat and climate on population dynamics SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brant; Branta bernicla hrota; Branta bernicla nigricans; breeding; climate change; migration; molting; North America; winter ID BLACK BRANT; EELGRASS ABUNDANCE; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; ZOSTERA-MARINA; SITE FIDELITY; GROWTH; BERNICLA; ALASKA; SATELLITE; PACIFIC AB We describe the importance of key habitats used by four nesting populations of nearctic brant (Branta bernicla) and discuss the potential relationship between changes in these habitats and population dynamics of brant. Nearctic brant, in contrast to most geese, rely on marine habitats and native intertidal plants during the non-breeding season, particularly the seagrass, Zostera, and the macroalgae, Ulva. Atlantic and Eastern High Arctic brant have experienced the greatest degradation of their winter habitats ( northeastern United States and Ireland, respectively) and have also shown the most plasticity in feeding behavior. Black and Western High Arctic brant of the Pacific Flyway are the most dependent on Zostera, and are undergoing a shift in winter distribution that is likely related to climate change and its associated effects on Zostera dynamics. Variation in breeding propensity of Black Brant associated with winter location and climate strongly suggests that food abundance on the wintering grounds directly affects reproductive performance in these geese. In summer, salt marshes, especially those containing Carex and Puccinellia, are key habitats for raising young, while lake shorelines with fine freshwater grasses and sedges are important for molting birds. Availability and abundance of salt marshes has a direct effect on growth and recruitment of goslings and ultimately, plays an important role in regulating size of local brant populations. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4H5, Canada. Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Nacote Creek Res Stn, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. RP Ward, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM david.ward@usgs.gov NR 69 TC 44 Z9 53 U1 8 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 869 EP 880 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00942.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 930PE UT WOS:000229427600003 ER PT J AU Mead, LS Clayton, DR Nauman, RS Olson, DH Pfrender, ME AF Mead, LS Clayton, DR Nauman, RS Olson, DH Pfrender, ME TI Newly discovered populations of salamanders from Siskiyou County California represent a species distinct from Plethodon storami SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE California; mitochondrial DNA; morphological variation; new species; Plethodontidae; Plethodon asupak; Plethodon elongatus; Plethodon stormi; Siskiyou County ID MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; ENSATINA-ESCHSCHOLTZII; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; COMPLEX; DNA AB Plethodon stormi and Plethodon elongatus are two closely related species of plethodontid salamanders that are restricted to the Klamath Province of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon. Discovery of three localities south of the Klamath River, in the Scott River drainage, not assignable to either P. elongatus or P. stormi, motivated closer examination of this complex. We describe molecular (mitochondrial DNA) and morphological variation among specimens collected from the three newly discovered populations and compare these to populations of P. elongatus and P. stormi from Siskiyou County, California and Jackson and Josephine Counties, Oregon. Analyses of mitochondrial sequence data from the ATPase 6 and cytochrome b genes recovered clades corresponding to P. elongatus, P. stormi and the Scott River populations. Multivariate analyses indicate that Scott River drainage animals are morphologically distinct from P. elongatus and P. stormi. Because both genetic and morphological data indicate that the Scott River populations are distinctive, we provide a description of a new species, Plethodon asupak, to reflect the evolutionary history of this group and facilitate species management. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Roseburg Field Off, Roseburg, OR 97470 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Mead, LS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sect Ecol & Evolut, 2320 Storer Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lmead@ucdavis.edu NR 43 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD JUN PY 2005 VL 61 IS 2 BP 158 EP 177 DI 10.1655/03-86 PG 20 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 926CI UT WOS:000229100000009 ER PT J AU Tadesse, T Brown, JF Hayes, MJ AF Tadesse, T Brown, JF Hayes, MJ TI A new approach for predicting drought-related vegetation stress: Integrating satellite, climate, and biophysical data over the US central plains SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment CY NOV, 2003 CL Honolulu, HI DE drought; data mining; vegetation stress; satellite metrics; prediction; NDVI ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; AVHRR DATA; DATA SET; INDEX; NDVI; NORTHERN; IMAGERY AB Droughts are normal climate episodes, yet they are among the most expensive natural disasters in the world. Knowledge about the timing, severity, and pattern of droughts on the landscape can be incorporated into effective planning and decision-making. In this study, we present a data mining approach to modeling vegetation stress due to drought and mapping its spatial extent during the growing season. Rule-based regression tree models were generated that identify relationships between satellite-derived vegetation conditions, climatic drought indices, and biophysical data, including land-cover type, available soil water capacity, percent of irrigated farm land, and ecological type. The data mining method builds numerical rule-based models that find relationships among the input variables. Because the models can be applied iteratively with input data from previous time periods, the method enables to provide predictions of vegetation conditions farther into the growing season based on earlier conditions. Visualizing the model outputs as mapped information (called VegPredict) provides a means to evaluate the model. We present prototype maps for the 2002 drought year for Nebraska and South Dakota and discuss potential uses for these maps. (c) 2005 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. SAIC, USGS, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Tadesse, T (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM ttadesse2@uni.edu RI Brown, Jesslyn/C-9888-2010; Tadesse, Tsegaye/O-7792-2015; OI Tadesse, Tsegaye/0000-0002-4102-1137; Brown, Jesslyn/0000-0002-9976-1998 NR 34 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 59 IS 4 BP 244 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2005.02.003 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 939CS UT WOS:000230050500007 ER PT J AU Jackson, ST Betancourt, JL Lyford, ME Gray, ST Rylander, KA AF Jackson, ST Betancourt, JL Lyford, ME Gray, ST Rylander, KA TI A 40,000-year woodrat-midden record of vegetational and biogeographical dynamics in north-eastern Utah, USA SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE extinctions; glacial; Holocene; invasions; macrofossils; phylogeography; plant distributions; pollen; woodrat middens ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; LATE QUATERNARY VEGETATION; FIR PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; SPRUCE PICEA PUNGENS; CENTRAL NEW-MEXICO; YOUNGER-DRYAS; GREAT-BASIN; CLIMATIC OSCILLATION; HOLOCENE VEGETATION; SOUTHEASTERN UTAH AB Aim A conspicuous climatic and biogeographical transition occurs at 40-45 degrees N in western North America. This pivot point marks a north-south opposition of wet and dry conditions at interannual and decadal time-scales, as well as the northern and southern limits of many dominant western plant species. Palaeoecologists have yet to focus on past climatic and biotic shifts along this transition, in part because it requires comparisons across dissimilar records [i.e. pollen from lacustrine sediments to the north and plant macrofossils from woodrat (Neotoma) middens to the south]. To overcome these limitations, we are extending the woodrat-midden record northward into the lowlands of the central Rocky Mountains. Location Woodrat middens were collected from crevices and rock shelters on south-facing slopes of Dutch John Mountain (2000-2200 m, 40 degrees 57' N, 109 degrees 25' W), situated on the eastern flanks of the Uinta Mountains in north-eastern Utah. The site is near the regional limits for Pinus ponderosa, P. edulis, P. contorta, Cercocarpus ledifolius var. intricatus, Abies concolor, Ephedra viridis and other important western species. Methods We analysed pollen and plant macrofossils from the 40,000-year midden sequence. The middens represent brief, depositional episodes (mostly years to decades). Four middens represent the early to full-glacial period (40,000-18,000 cal-yr BP), eight middens are from the late-glacial/early Holocene transition (13,500-9000 cal yr BP), and 33 middens span the mid-to-late Holocene (last 7500 years). Temporal density of our Holocene middens (one every c. 210 years) is comparable with typical Holocene pollen sequences from lake sediments. Results Early to full-glacial assemblages are characterized by low diversity and occurrence of montane conifers (Picea pungens, Pseudotsuga menziesii, P. flexilis, Juniperus communis) absent from the site today. Diversity increases in the late-glacial samples with the addition of J. scopulorum, J. horizontalis, C. montanus, C. ledifolius var. intricatus and mesic understory species. The coniferous trees and J. communis declined and J. osteosperma appeared during the late-glacial/Holocene transition. Juniperus osteosperma populations have occupied the site throughout the Holocene. Pinus ponderosa was established by 7500 cal-yr BP, and has occurred at least locally ever since. Montane conifers and J. horizontalis persisted until c. 5500 cal-yr BP. The signature events of the late Holocene were the invasions of P. edulis and Ephedra viridis and establishment of pinyon-juniper woodland in the last 800 years. Main conclusions The Dutch John Mountain midden record adds to an emerging picture in which mid-elevation conifers (P. flexilis, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Picea pungens, J. scopulorum, J. communis) dominated vegetation over a wide area of the Colorado Plateau and adjacent Rocky Mountains. Rather than being fragmented, as often assumed in phylogeographical studies, these species had broader and more-connected distributions than they do in the region today. Paradoxically, subalpine conifers (Picea engelmannii, A. lasiocarpa) occurred at higher elevations to the south, possibly representing declining precipitation from south to north owing to southward displacement of the polar jet stream. The Dutch John Mountain record displays a series of extinction and invasion events. Most of the extinctions were local in scale; nearly all constituents of fossil midden assemblages occur within a few kilometres of Dutch John Mountain, and some occur at least locally on its slopes. The sole exception is J. horizontalis, which is regionally extinct. In contrast to extinctions, Holocene invasions were regional in scale; J. osteosperma, P. ponderosa, P. edulis and Ephedra viridis immigrated from glacial-age source populations far to the south. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. Montana State Univ, Big Sky Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Jackson, ST (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jackson@uwyo.edu NR 114 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1085 EP 1106 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01251.x PG 22 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 927EB UT WOS:000229174100013 ER PT J AU Romero, LM Smith, TJ Fourqurean, JW AF Romero, LM Smith, TJ Fourqurean, JW TI Changes in mass and nutrient content of wood during decomposition in a south Florida mangrove forest SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avicennia germinans; decomposition; disturbance; Everglades National Park; hurricane effects; Laguncularia racemosa; mangroves; nutrients; Rhizophora mangle; wood ID HARDWOOD LEAF LITTER; ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROGEN IMMOBILIZATION; RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; DEAD WOOD; DYNAMICS; DEBRIS; PATTERNS; LEAVES; ACCUMULATION AB 1 Large pools of dead wood in mangrove forests following disturbances such as hurricanes may influence nutrient fluxes. We hypothesized that decomposition of wood of mangroves from Florida, USA (Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa and Rhizophora mangle), and the consequent nutrient dynamics, would depend on species, location in the forest relative to freshwater and marine influences and whether the wood was standing, lying on the sediment surface or buried. 2 Wood disks (8-10 cm diameter, 1 cm thick) from each species were set to decompose at sites along the Shark River, either buried in the sediment, on the soil surface or in the air (above both the soil surface and high tide elevation). 3 A simple exponential model described the decay of wood in the air, and neither species nor site had any effect on the decay coefficient during the first 13 months of decomposition. 4 Over 28 months of decomposition, buried and surface disks decomposed following a two-component model, with labile and refractory components. Avicennia germinans had the largest labile component (18 +/- 2% of dry weight), while Laguncularia racemosa had the lowest (10 +/- 2%). Labile components decayed at rates of 0.37-23.71% month(-1), while refractory components decayed at rates of 0.001-0.033% month(-1). Disks decomposing on the soil surface had higher decay rates than buried disks, but both were higher than disks in the air. All species had similar decay rates of the labile and refractory components, but A. germinans exhibited faster overall decay because of a higher proportion of labile components. 5 Nitrogen content generally increased in buried and surface disks, but there was little change in N content of disks in the air over the 2-year study. Between 17% and 68% of total phosphorus in wood leached out during the first 2 months of decomposition, with buried disks having the greater losses, P remaining constant or increasing slightly thereafter. 6 Newly deposited wood from living trees was a short-term source of N for the ecosystem but, by the end of 2 years, had become a net sink. Wood, however, remained a source of P for the ecosystem. 7 As in other forested ecosystems, coarse woody debris can have a significant impact on carbon and nutrient dynamics in mangrove forests. The prevalence of disturbances, such as hurricanes, that can deposit large amounts of wood on the forest floor accentuates the importance of downed wood in these forests. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Fourqurean, JW (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM jim.fourqurean@fiu.edu RI Fourqurean, James/B-4606-2008 OI Fourqurean, James/0000-0002-0811-8500 NR 47 TC 38 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 47 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 93 IS 3 BP 618 EP 631 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.00970.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 928PC UT WOS:000229283000015 ER PT J AU Hiroi, J McCormick, SD Ohtani-Kaneko, R Kaneko, T AF Hiroi, J McCormick, SD Ohtani-Kaneko, R Kaneko, T TI Functional classification of mitochondrion-rich cells in euryhaline Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) embryos, by means of triple immunofluorescence staining for Na/K+-ATPase, Na+/K+/2Cl(-) cotransporter and CFTR anion channel SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mitochondrion-rich cell; chloride cell; Na+/K+-ATPase; Na+/K+/2Cl(-) cotransporter; cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; tilapia; Oreochromis mossambicus ID K-CL COTRANSPORTER; YOLK-SAC MEMBRANE; KILLIFISH FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; AMBIENT CHLORIDE LEVELS; ACID-BASE REGULATION; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; FRESH-WATER; BRANCHIAL EPITHELIUM; TRANSPORT PROCESSES; GILL EPITHELIUM AB Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus embryos were transferred from freshwater to seawater and vice versa, and short-term changes in the localization of three major ion transport proteins, Na+/K+-ATPase, Na+/K+/2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) were examined within mitochondrion-rich cells (MRCs) in the embryonic yolk-sac membrane. Triple-color immunofluorescence staining allowed us to classify MRCs into four types: type I, showing only basolateral Na+/K+-ATPase staining; type II, basolateral Na+/K+-ATPase and apical NKCC; type III, basolateral Na+/K+-ATPase and basolateral NKCC; type IV, basolateral Na+/K+-ATPase, basolateral NKCC and apical CFTR. In freshwater, type-I, type-II and type-III cells were observed. Following transfer from freshwater to seawater, type-IV cells appeared at 12 h and showed a remarkable increase in number between 24 h and 48 h, whereas type-III cells disappeared. When transferred from seawater back to freshwater, type-IV cells decreased and disappeared at 48 h, type-III cells increased, and type-II cells, which were not found in seawater, appeared at 12 h and increased in number thereafter. Type-I cells existed consistently irrespective of salinity changes. These results suggest that type I is an immature MRC, type II is a freshwater-type ion absorptive cell, type III is a dormant type-IV cell and/or an ion absorptive cell (with a different mechanism from type II), and type IV is a seawater-type ion secretory cell. The intracellular localization of the three ion transport proteins in type-IV cells is completely consistent with a widely accepted model for ion secretion by MRCs. A new model for ion absorption is proposed based on type-II cells possessing apical NKCC. C1 St Marianna Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat, Miyamae Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2168511, Japan. USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Dept Aquat Biosci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. RP Hiroi, J (reprint author), St Marianna Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat, Miyamae Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2168511, Japan. EM j-hiroi@marianna-u.ac.jp RI Hiroi, Junya/E-5620-2011 OI Hiroi, Junya/0000-0002-8416-7136 NR 46 TC 118 Z9 126 U1 2 U2 17 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 208 IS 11 BP 2023 EP 2036 DI 10.1242/jeb.01611 PG 14 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 938QA UT WOS:000230016700011 PM 15914646 ER PT J AU Powell, LA Lang, JD Krementz, DG Conroy, MJ AF Powell, LA Lang, JD Krementz, DG Conroy, MJ TI Use of radio-telemetry to reduce bias in nest searching SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bias; Hylocichla mustelina; nest monitoring; nest survival; radio-telemetry; Wood Thrush ID RADIO TRANSMITTERS; FOREST MANAGEMENT; WOOD THRUSHES; SURVIVAL; SUCCESS; RATES AB We used traditional searching, as well as radio-telementry, to find 125 Wood Thrush (Hylbcichla mustelina) nests during 1994-1996 at the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge in Georgia, USA. We compared daily nest survival rates for 66 nests of radio-marked birds with 59 nests of birds found through systematic searching. By using radio-telemetry, we found Wood Thrush nests in higher elevation pine habitats, in addition to the more usual hardwood forests with moist soils. We found nests of radio-marked birds farther from streams than nests found by systematic searching. Thirty-two percent of radio-marked birds' nests were found at the tops of slopes, compared to 15% of the nests found by traditional searching. In addition, radio-marked birds generally moved upslope for re-nesting attempts. Although the distribution of nests found with telemetry and searching varied, daily nest survival did not vary between the two groups. Radio-telemetry provided new information about Wood Thrush nesting habitats. We believe radio-telemetry can be a valuable addition to traditional searching techniques; it has the potential to provide a sample of nests free from a priori habitat biases. C1 Univ Georgia, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Powell, LA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, 202 Nat Resources Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM lpowel13@unl.edu RI Powell, Larkin/G-4570-2010 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 EI 1557-9263 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 76 IS 3 BP 274 EP 278 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 028WU UT WOS:000236520300010 ER PT J AU Sabine, JB Meyers, JM Schweitzer, SH AF Sabine, JB Meyers, JM Schweitzer, SH TI A simple, inexpensive video camera setup for the study of avian nest activity SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American Oystercarcher; Georgia; Haematopus palliatus; nesting behavior; nest failure; predator identification; video surveillance ID AMERICAN OYSTERCATCHER; IDENTIFYING PREDATORS; SONGBIRD NESTS; NEW-ZEALAND; FOREST; BIRDS; FIELD AB Time-lapse video photography has become a valuable tool for collecting data on avian nest activity and depredition; however, commercially available systems are expensive (> USA $4000/unit). We designed an inexpensive system to identify causes of nest failure of American Oystercatchers (Haenzatopus palliatus) and assessed its utility at Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia. We Successfully identified raccoon (Procyon lotor), bobcat (Lynx rufus), American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), and ghost crab (Orypode quadrata) predation on oystercatcher nests. Other detected causes of nest failure included tidal overwash, horse trampling, abandonment, and human destruction. System failure races were comparable with commercially available units. Our system's efficacy and low cost (<$800) provided useful data for the management and conservation of the American Oystercatcher. C1 Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Sabine, JB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM johnsabine3@hotmail.com NR 12 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 76 IS 3 BP 293 EP 297 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 028WU UT WOS:000236520300013 ER PT J AU Hubert, WA Joyce, MP AF Hubert, WA Joyce, MP TI Habitat associations of age-0 cutthroat trout in a spring stream improved for adult salmonids SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGY; GROWTH AB Native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) in the Snake River watershed use streams formed by large springs for spawning and nursery habitat. Several spring streams have been modified to enhance abundance of adult salmonids, but the habitat associations of age-0 cutthroat trout in these systems are undescribed. We assessed the frequency of collection of age-0 cutthroat trout in riffles, riffle margins, pool margins, and backwaters from late June to the middle of August 2000 in a spring stream with such modifications. The proportion of sites in which age-0 cutthroat trout were collected increased up to the middle of July and then decreased. We found substantially lower frequencies of collection of age-0 cutthroat trout in riffles compared to the three stream-margin habitat types. Age-0 cutthroat trout appeared to select shallow, low-velocity, stream-margin habitat with cover that provided protection from piscivorous adult salmonids and avian predators. Our observations suggest that modification of spring streams for production of cutthroat trout should include efforts to manage stream margins so they provide cover in the form of aquatic macrophytes or overhanging vegetation for age-0 fish. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM whubert@uwyo.edu; mjoyce@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 277 EP 286 DI 10.1080/02705060.2005.9664967 PG 10 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 925VU UT WOS:000229082200008 ER PT J AU Bateman, DS Gresswell, RE Torgersen, CE AF Bateman, DS Gresswell, RE Torgersen, CE TI Evaluating single-pass catch as a tool for identifying spatial pattern in fish distribution SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SMALL STREAMS; HABITAT; POPULATION; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY AB We evaluate the efficacy of single-pass electrofishing without blocknets as a tool for collecting spatially continuous fish distribution data in headwater streams. We compare spatial patterns in abundance, sampling effort, and length-frequency distributions from single-pass sampling of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) to data obtained from a more precise multiple-pass removal electrofishing method in two mid-sized (500-1000 ha) forested watersheds in western Oregon. Abundance estimates from single- and multiple-pass removal electrofishing were positively correlated in both watersheds, r = 0.99 and 0.86. There were no significant trends in capture probabilities at the watershed scale (P > 0.05). Moreover, among-sample variation in fish abundance was higher than within-sample error in both streams indicating that increased precision of unit-scale abundance estimates would provide less information on patterns of abundance than increasing the fraction of habitat units sampled. In the two watersheds, respectively, single-pass electrofishing captured 78 and 74% of the estimated population of cutthroat trout with 7 and 10% of the effort. At the scale of intermediate-sized watersheds, single-pass electrofishing exhibited a sufficient level of precision to be effective in detecting spatial patterns of cutthroat trout abundance and may be a useful tool for providing the context for investigating fish-habitat relationships at multiple scales. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mtn Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bateman, DS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM doug_bateman@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 14 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 335 EP 345 DI 10.1080/02705060.2005.9664974 PG 11 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 925VU UT WOS:000229082200015 ER PT J AU Adams, LG AF Adams, LG TI Effects of maternal characteristics and climatic variation on birth masses of Alaskan caribou SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE birth mass; caribou; intergenerational effects; lactation; life-history strategy; maternal nutrition; Rangifer tarandus; reproductive investment; weather ID DEER CERVUS-ELAPHUS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; RED DEER; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; CALF MORTALITY; FALLOW DEER; ENERGY EXPENDITURES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BODY-COMPOSITION; COHORT VARIATION AB Understanding factors that influence birth mass of mammals provides insights to nutritional trade-offs made by females to optimize their reproduction, growth, and survival. I evaluated variation in birth mass of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in central Alaska relative to maternal characteristics (age, body mass, cohort, and nutritional condition as influenced by winter severity) during 11 years with substantial variation in winter snowfall. Snowfall during gestation was the predominant factor explaining variation in birth masses, influencing birth mass inversely and through interactions with maternal age and lactation status. Maternal age effects were noted for females <= 5 years old, declining in magnitude with each successive age class. Birth mass as a proportion of autumn maternal mass was inversely related to winter snowfall, even though there was no decrease in masses of adult females in late winter associated with severe winters. I found no evidence of a hypothesized intergenerational effect of lower birth masses for offspring of females born after severe winters. Caribou produce relatively small offspring but provide exceptional lactation support for those that survive. Conservative maternal investment before parturition may represent an optimal reproductive strategy given that caribou experience stochastic variation in winter severity during gestation, uncertainty of environmental conditions surrounding the birth season, and intense predation on neonates. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Adams, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM layne_adams@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 25 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 86 IS 3 BP 506 EP 513 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[506:EOMCAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 934PH UT WOS:000229720200006 ER PT J AU Long, ES Diefenbach, DR Rosenberry, CS Wallingford, BD Grund, MRD AF Long, ES Diefenbach, DR Rosenberry, CS Wallingford, BD Grund, MRD TI Forest cover influences dispersal distance of white-tailed deer SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE dispersal distance; dispersal rate; emigration; forest cover; fragmentation; landscape; Odocoileus virginianus; transfer; white-tailed deer ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; HOME-RANGE SIZE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; INBREEDING AVOIDANCE; NATAL DISPERSAL; NEW-ZEALAND; MAMMALS; BIRDS; SURVIVAL; COMPETITION AB Animal dispersal patterns influence gene flow, disease spread, population dynamics, spread of invasive species, and establishment of rare or endangered species. Although differences in dispersal distances among taxa have been reported, few studies have described plasticity of dispersal distance among populations of a single species. In 2002-2003, we radiomarked 308 juvenile (7- to 10-month-old), male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in 2 study areas in Pennsylvania. By using a meta-analysis approach, we compared dispersal rates and distances from these populations together with published reports of 10 other nonmigratory populations of white-tailed deer. Population density did not influence dispersal rate or dispersal distance, nor did forest cover influence dispersal rate. However, average (r(2) = 0.94, P < 0.001, d.f. = 9) and maximum (r(2) = 0.86, P = 0.001, d.f. = 7) dispersal distances of juvenile male deer were greater in habitats with less forest cover. Hence, dispersal behavior of this habitat generalist varies, and use of landscape data to predict population-specific dispersal distances may aid efforts to model population spread, gene flow, or disease transmission. C1 Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Bur Wildlife Management, Penn Game Comm, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Long, ES (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM es1140@psu.edu NR 64 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 7 U2 35 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 86 IS 3 BP 623 EP 629 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[623:FCIDDO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 934PH UT WOS:000229720200021 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD Hechinger, RF Lorda, J Soler, L AF Lafferty, KD Hechinger, RF Lorda, J Soler, L TI Trematodes associated with mangrove habitat in Puerto Rican salt marshes SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUDSNAIL HYDROBIA-VENTROSA; HETEROGENEITY; POPULATION; COMMUNITY; HOSTS AB Batillaria minima is a common snail in the coastal estuaries of Puerto Rico. This snail is host to a variety of trematodes, the most common being Cercaria caribbea XXXI, a microphallid species that uses crabs as second intermediate hosts. The prevalence of infection was higher (7.1 %) near mangroves than on mudflats away from mangroves (1.4%). Similarly, there was a significant positive association between the proportion of a site covered with mangroves and the prevalence of the microphallid. The association between mangroves and higher trematode prevalence is most likely because birds use mangroves as perch sites and this results in local transmission to snails. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US Geol Survey, Puerto Rico 00965, Spain. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM Lafferty@lifesci.UCSB.edu RI Lorda, Julio/A-3951-2009; Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; Hechinger, Ryan/F-6754-2010 OI Lorda, Julio/0000-0002-4293-7518; Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 91 IS 3 BP 697 EP 699 DI 10.1645/GE-427R PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 941LU UT WOS:000230217100040 PM 16108572 ER PT J AU Bennett, JR Bloom, PH AF Bennett, JR Bloom, PH TI Home range and habitat use by Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus) in southern California SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Great Horned Owl; Bubo virginianus; home range; habitat use; southern California ID MESOPREDATOR RELEASE; ESTIMATORS; SELECTION; DENSITY; SIZE; PREY AB Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus) are a common, widespread species that can be found in a variety of habitats across most of North America, but little is known about their space and habitat requirements. Using rachotelemetry, location data were collected on nine male and five female Great Horned Owls to determine home range and habitat use in southern California. Owls were tracked between January 1997 and September 1998 for periods ranging from 5-17 mo. Seven owls were also followed during 13 all-night observation periods. The mean 95% adaptive kernel home-range size for females was 180 ha (range = 88-282, SE = 36) and that for males was 425 ha (range = 147-1115 ha, SE = 105). Core areas estimated by the 50% adaptive kernel averaged 27 ha (range = 7-44, SE = 7) for females and 61 ha (range = 15-187, SE = 18) for males. Owls were located in areas with varying degrees of human disturbance ranging from almost entirely urban to native oak (Quercus agrifolia) woodland. Oak/sycamore (Quercus agrifolia/Platanus racemosa) woodland and ruderal grassland (Bromus spp., Avena spp., and various other non-native invasives), were used more often than expected based on availability, but we found no correlation between home-range size and any single habitat type or habitat groups. C1 Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Western Fdn Vertebrate Zool, Camarillo, CA 93010 USA. RP Bennett, JR (reprint author), USGS BRD, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM j_bob_bennett@yahoo.com NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 25 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 2 BP 119 EP 126 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 964DA UT WOS:000231857700002 ER PT J AU Dorazio, RM Royle, JA AF Dorazio, RM Royle, JA TI Estimating size and composition of biological communities by modeling the occurrence of species SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; breeding bird survey; conservation; detection heterogeneity; occurrence heterogeneity; site occupancy models; species composition; species richness ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; POPULATION-SIZE; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; CANONICAL DISTRIBUTION; COVARIANCE MATRICES; COUNT DATA; HETEROGENEITY; RICHNESS; BIRDS; RATES AB We develop a model that uses repeated observations of a biological community to estimate the number and composition of species in the community. Estimators of community-level attributes are constructed from model-based estimators of occurrence of individual species that incorporate imperfect detection of individuals. Data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey are analyzed to illustrate the variety of ecologically important quantities that are easily constructed and estimated using our model-based estimators of species occurrence. In particular, we compute site-specific estimates of species richness that honor classical notions of species-area relationships. We suggest extensions of our model to estimate maps of occurrence of individual species and to compute inferences related to the temporal and spatial dynamics of biological communities. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Dorazio, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM bdorazio@usgs.gov; arofle@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 46 TC 134 Z9 136 U1 11 U2 81 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 100 IS 470 BP 389 EP 398 DI 10.1198/016214505000000015 PG 10 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 984NJ UT WOS:000233311300004 ER PT J AU Hanson, RT Dettinger, MD AF Hanson, RT Dettinger, MD TI Ground water/surface water responses to global climate simulations, Santa Clara-Calleguas Basin, Ventura, California SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE ground water hydrology; surface water hydrology; climate change; climate cycles; modeling; water management ID NORTH PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION; FORECASTS; AMERICA; PROJECT; WEATHER; MODELS; ENSO AB Climate variations can play an important, if not; always crucial, role in successful conjunctive management of ground water and surface water resources. This will require accurate accounting of the links between variations in climate, recharge, and withdrawal from the resource systems, accurate projection or predictions of the climate variations, and accurate simulation of the responses of the resource systems. To assess linkages and predictability of climate influences on conjunctive management, global climate model (GCM) simulated precipitation rates were used to estimate inflows and outflows from a regional ground water model (RGWM) of the coastal aquifers of the Santa Clara-Calleguas Basin at Ventura, California, for 1950 to 1993. Interannual to interdecadal time scales of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) climate variations are imparted to simulated precipitation variations in the Southern California area and are realistically imparted to the simulated ground water level variations through the climate-driven recharge (and discharge) variations. For example, the simulated average ground water level response at a key observation well in the basin to ENSO variations of tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures is 1.2 m/degrees C, compared to 0.9 m/degrees C in observations. This close agreement shows that the GCM-RGWM combination can translate global scale climate variations into realistic local ground water responses. Probability distributions of simulated ground water level excursions above a local water level threshold for potential seawater intrusion compare well to the corresponding distributions from observations and historical RGWM simulations, demonstrating the combination's potential usefulness for water management and planning. Thus the GCM-RGWM combination could be used for planning purposes and - when the GCM forecast skills are adequate - for near term predictions. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, US Geol Survey, Climate Res Grp, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Hanson, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Calif Dist,5735 Kearney Villa Rd,Suite O, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM rthanson@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 517 EP 536 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03752.x PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 941QT UT WOS:000230230000002 ER PT J AU Mills, PC Kolpin, DW Scribner, EA Thurman, EM AF Mills, PC Kolpin, DW Scribner, EA Thurman, EM TI Herbicides and degradates in shallow aquifers of Illinois: Spatial and temporal trends SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE herbicides; degradates; ground water; fate and transport; monitoring; nonpoint source pollution; temporal analysis ID IN-GROUND WATER; NEAR-SURFACE AQUIFERS; UNITED-STATES; TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS; AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS; PESTICIDES; ATRAZINE; ALACHLOR; EXPOSURE; SOIL AB During the fall of 2000, the occurrence was examined of 16 herbicides and 13 herbicide degradates in samples from 55 wells in shallow aquifers underlying grain producing regions of Illinois. Herbicide compounds with concentrations above 0.05 mu g/L were detected in 56 percent of the samples. No concentrations exceeded regulatory drinking water standards. The six most frequently detected compounds were degradates. Water age was an important factor in determining vulnerability of ground water to transport of herbicide compounds. Unconsolidated aquifers, which were indicated to generally contain younger ground water than bedrock aquifers, had a higher occurrence of herbicides (73 percent of samples) than bedrock aquifers (22 percent). Temporal analysis to determine if changes in concentrations of selected herbicides and degradates could be observed over a near decadal period indicated a decrease in detection frequency (25 to 18 percent) between samplings in 1991 and 2000. Over this period, significant differences in concentrations were observed for atrazine (decrease) and total acetochlor (increase). The increase in acetochlor compound concentrations corresponds to an increase in acetochlor use during the study period, while the decrease in atrazine concentrations corresponds to relatively consistent use of atrazine. Changes in frequency of herbicide detection and concentration do not appear related to changes in land use near sampled wells. C1 US Geol Survey, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. Univ Almeria, Dept Hydrogeol & Analyt Chem, Almeria 04120, Spain. RP Mills, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1201 W Univ Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM pcmills@usgs.gov RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011 NR 50 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 537 EP 547 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03753.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 941QT UT WOS:000230230000003 ER PT J AU Villella, RF Smith, DR AF Villella, RF Smith, DR TI Two-phase sampling to estimate river-wide populations of freshwater mussels SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussels; 2-phase sampling; optimal allocation; distribution and abundance; river-wide estimation ID DENSITY; SIZE AB Two-phase sampling provides a statistical framework for combining data from qualitative and quantitative sampling methods. It is a useful approach when the survey objective is a drainage-wide estimate of mussel density and the cost of qualitative sampling is small relative to the cost of quantitative sampling. This survey design has several advantages including: 1) no need for a priori classification of stream reaches into sampling strata, 2) allocation of sampling effort so that more time is spent sampling where mussels are at higher density and less time is spent sampling where mussels are not present, 3) the ability to evaluate the relationship between qualitative and quantitative estimates of density and 4) efficient allocation of effort so that more stream reaches can be surveyed compared to quantitative-only sampling designs with similar effort. The survey design consists of sampling as many sites as possible during a qualitative 1(st) phase and sampling far fewer sites during a quantitative 2(nd) phase. In 1995, we used a 2-phase sampling design to estimate the distribution and abundance of freshwater mussels in riffle habitat in the Cacapon River, West Virginia. Our estimate of river-wide surface density of freshwater mussels in riffles was 0.59/m(2) (SE = 0.14). We used resampling simulation based on our data and determined that the most effective 2(nd)-phase sampling strategy was to sample a low to moderate proportion of low-density sites and a high proportion of high-density sites. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Villella, RF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM rvillella@usgs.gov; drsmith@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 357 EP 368 DI 10.1899/04-085.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 928ZE UT WOS:000229309800011 ER PT J AU Walker, DA Raynolds, MK Daniels, FJA Einarsson, E Elvebakk, A Gould, WA Katenin, AE Kholod, SS Markon, CJ Melnikov, ES Moskalenko, NG Talbot, SS Yurtsev, BA AF Walker, DA Raynolds, MK Daniels, FJA Einarsson, E Elvebakk, A Gould, WA Katenin, AE Kholod, SS Markon, CJ Melnikov, ES Moskalenko, NG Talbot, SS Yurtsev, BA CA CAVM Team TI The Circumpolar Arctic vegetation map SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AVHRR; bioclimate zone; geographic information system; plant functional type; radiometer; tundra ID NORTHERN ALASKA; SOIL-PH; CLIMATE; CANADA; TUNDRA AB Question: What are the major vegetation units in the Arctic, what is their composition, and how are they distributed among major bioclimate subzones and countries? Location: The Arctic tundra region, north of the tree line. Methods: A photo-interpretive approach was used to delineate the vegetation onto an Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) base image. Mapping experts within nine Arctic regions prepared draft maps using geographic information technology (ArcInfo) of their portion of the Arctic, and these were later synthesized to make the final map. Area analysis of the map was done according to bioclimate subzones, and country. The integrated mapping procedures resulted in other maps of vegetation, topography, soils, landscapes, lake cover, substrate pH, and above-ground biomass. Results: The final map was published at 1:7 500 000 scale map. Within the Arctic (total area = 7.11 x 106 km(2)), about 5.05 x 10(6) km(2) is vegetated. The remainder is ice covered. The map legend generally portrays the zonal vegetation within each map polygon. About 26% of the vegetated area is erect shrublands, 13% peaty graminoid tundras, 13% mountain complexes, 12% barrens, 11% mineral graminoid tundras, 11% prostrate-shrub tundras, and 7% wetlands. Canada has by far the most terrain in the High Arctic mostly associated with abundant barren types and prostrate dwarf-shrub tundra, whereas Russia has the largest area in the Low Arctic, predominantly low-shrub tundra. Conclusions: The CAVM is the first vegetation map of an entire global biome at a comparable resolution. The consistent treatment of the vegetation across the circumpolar Arctic, abundant ancillary material, and digital database should promote the application to numerous land-use, and climate-change applications and will make updating the map relatively easy. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Geobot Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Munster, Inst Bot & Bot Garten, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Iceland Museum Nat Hist, Reykjavik, Iceland. Univ Tromso, Inst Biol & Geol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. USDA Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00927 USA. RAS, VL Komarov Bot Inst, Dept Far N Vegetat, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. USGS Alaska Geog Sci Off, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RAS, SB, Earth Cryosphere Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Geobot Ctr, 311 Irving,POB 757000, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffdaw@uaf.edu; daniels@uni-muenster.de; eythor@ni.is; Arve@ibg.uit.no; wgould@fs.fed.us; katenin@ik6026.spb.edu; dryas@peterstar.ru; markon@usgs.gov; emelnikov@mtu-net.ru; nat-moskalenko@yandex.ru; stephen_talbot@fws.gov RI Maier, Hilmar/A-9000-2010; OI Maier, Hilmar/0000-0002-8442-0701; Gould, William/0000-0002-3720-9735 NR 50 TC 344 Z9 354 U1 13 U2 154 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1100-9233 EI 1654-1103 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 BP 267 EP 282 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02365.x PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 959GQ UT WOS:000231506600002 ER PT J AU Orange, DL Garcia-Garcia, A McConnell, D Lorenson, T Fortier, G Trincardi, F Can, E AF Orange, DL Garcia-Garcia, A McConnell, D Lorenson, T Fortier, G Trincardi, F Can, E TI High-resolution surveys for geohazards and shallow gas: NW Adriatic (Italy) and Iskenderun Bay (Turkey) SO MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES LA English DT Article DE shallow gas; geohazards; acoustic properties; Adriatic; Po Delta; Iskenderun Bay; southern Turkey ID MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; SEEPS; COMPLEX; BASINS; ADANA AB The need for quantifying and understanding the distribution of shallow gas is both of academic interest and of relevance to offshore facilities. The combination of seafloor mapping, subbottom profiling, and multi-channel seismic data can provide information on regions of possible shallow gas, where the gas impacts the acoustic properties of the host material and the seafloor. In this paper, we present two case studies - one academic and one industry - that evaluate the distribution of shallow gas in two field areas in the Mediterranean. In the first case study, geophysical data from Iskenderun Bay, southeastern Turkey, indicate the presence and distribution of shallow gas. Pockmarks on the seafloor are associated with acoustic wipeout in the shallow subbottom data. Although deeper seismic data do not show bright spots or other indicators of possible gas, instantaneous frequency analysis clearly shows laterally restricted anomalies indicating gas-rich zones. The interpretation of possible shallow gas resulted in moving a proposed drilling location to a nearby area characterized by fewer (but still present) shallow gas signatures. In the second case study, cores acquired in the Po Delta, Adriatic Sea, provide quantitative ground-truthing of shallow gas - as suggested by geophysical data - and provide minimum estimates of the percentage of gas in the subsurface. Cores targeted on anomalous subbottom data yielded up to 41,000 ppm methane; cores with anomalous gas content are associated with thick recent flood deposits which may effectively isolate reactive terrigenous organic matter from biologic and physical re-working. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. AOA Geophys Inc, Marine Geosci Div, Houston, TX 77042 USA. US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Paso Prod, Houston, TX 77046 USA. CNR, ISMAR, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Turkish Petr Corp, TPAO, TR-06520 Ankara, Turkey. RP Orange, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM Dan_Orange@AOAGeophysics.com RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Trincardi, Fabio/0000-0002-8476-8804 NR 41 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3235 J9 MAR GEOPHYS RES JI Mar. Geophys. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2-4 BP 247 EP 266 DI 10.1007/s11001-005-3722-9 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA 992IB UT WOS:000233876500015 ER PT J AU Perry, GML King, TL St-Cyr, J Valcourt, M AF Perry, GML King, TL St-Cyr, J Valcourt, M TI Isolation and cross-familial amplification of 41 microsatellites for the brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE brook charr; Clupeaformis; microsatellites; Oncorhynchus; Salmo coregonus; Salvelinus fontinalis ID ARCTIC CHARR; IDENTIFICATION; ALPINUS; LOCI AB The brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis; Osteichthyes: Salmonidae) is a phenotypically diverse fish species inhabiting much of North America. But relatively few genetic diagnostic resources are available for this fish species. We isolated 41 microsatellites from S. fontinalis polymorphic in one or more species of salmonid fish. Thirty-seven were polymorphic in brook charr, 15 in the congener Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and 14 in the lake charr (Salvelinus namaycush). Polymorphism was also relatively high in Oncorhynchus, where 21 loci were polymorphic in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and 16 in cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) but only seven and four microsatellite loci were polymorphic in the more distantly related lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), respectively. One duplicated locus (Sfo228Lav)was polymorphic at both duplicates in S. fontinalis. C1 Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Biol Res Div, Leetwon Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Perry, GML (reprint author), Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. EM guy.perry@giroq.ulaval.ca NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 346 EP 351 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.00922.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 934FC UT WOS:000229691300046 ER PT J AU Oyler-McCance, SJ St John, J Parker, JM Anderson, SH AF Oyler-McCance, SJ St John, J Parker, JM Anderson, SH TI Characterization of microsatellite loci isolated in midget faded rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis concolor) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Crotalus viridis concolor; microsatellite; midget faded rattlesnake; SSR AB Primers for five polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for the midget faded rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis concolor), a rare subspecies of western rattlesnake (Crotalus viridus) found only in parts of Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah. Five polymorphic microsatellites were isolated, four of which had relatively high levels of diversity (eight to nine alleles). We found only two departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and they occurred in different loci, so null alleles are likely not a problem. Moreover, we found that no two loci were linked. These loci will be applicable for population genetic analysis and perhaps analysis of paternity and mating systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Rocky Mt Ctr Conservat Genet & Systemat, Denver, CO 80208 USA. Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 452 EP 453 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.00961.x PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 934FC UT WOS:000229691300080 ER PT J AU Collett, TS AF Collett, TS TI Results at Mallik highlight progress in gas hydrate energy resource research and development SO PETROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gas hydrates; natural gas; production testing C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Collett, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-939, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM tcollett@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOCEITY PETROPHYSICISTS & WELL LOG ANALYSTS-SPWLA PI HOUSTON PA 8866 GULF FREEWAY, STE 320, HOUSTON, TX 77017 USA SN 1529-9074 J9 PETROPHYSICS JI Petrophysics PD JUN PY 2005 VL 46 IS 3 BP 237 EP 243 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Petroleum SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA 040NC UT WOS:000237384600010 ER PT J AU Scoppettone, GG Rissler, PH Gourley, C Martinez, C AF Scoppettone, GG Rissler, PH Gourley, C Martinez, C TI Habitat restoration as a means of controlling non-native fish in a Mojave Desert oasis SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ash Meadows; Cyprinodon nevadensis; habitat manipulation; Mojave Desert; non-native fish control; Rhinichthys osculus nevadensis; thermo springs ID CYPRINODON-N-NEVADENSIS; NATURAL FLOW REGIME; SAN-JUAN RIVER; CALIFORNIA STREAM; PUPFISH; ASSEMBLAGE; NEVADA; UTAH AB Non-native fish generally cause native fish decline, and once non-natives are established, control or elimination is usually problematic. Because non-native fish colonization has been greatest in anthropogenically altered habitats, restoring habitat similar to predisturbance conditions may offer a viable means of non-native fish control. In this investigation we identified habitats favoring native over non-native fish in a Mojave Desert oasis (Ash Meadows) and used this information to restore one of its major warm water spring systems (Kings Pool Spring). Prior to restoration, native fishes predominated in warm water (25-32 degrees C) stream and spring-pool habitat, whereas non-natives predominated in cool water (<= 23 degrees C) spring-pool and marsh/slack water habitat. Native Amargosa pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis) and Ash Meadows speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus nevadensis) inhabited significantly faster mean water column velocities (MWCV) and greater total depth (TD) than non-native Sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna) and Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) in warm water stream habitat, and Ash Meadows speckled dace inhabited significantly faster water than non-natives in cool water stream habitat. Modification of the outflow of Kings Pool Spring from marsh to warm water stream, with MWCV, TD, and temperature favoring native fish, changed the fish composition from predominantly non-native Sailfin molly and Mosquitofish to predominantly Ash Meadows pupfish. This result supports the hypothesis that restoring spring systems to a semblance of predisturbance conditions would promote recolonization of native fishes and deter non-native fish invasion and proliferation. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Reno, NV 89502 USA. Otis Bay Inc, Reno, NV USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Las Vegas, NV 89130 USA. RP Scoppettone, GG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, 1340 Financial Blvd,Suite 161, Reno, NV 89502 USA. EM gary_scoppettone@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 13 IS 2 BP 247 EP 256 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00032.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 927GN UT WOS:000229180600003 ER PT J AU Huber-Sannwald, E Pyke, DA AF Huber-Sannwald, E Pyke, DA TI Establishing native grasses in a big sagebrush-dominated site: An intermediate restoration step SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agropyron desertorum; Artemisia tridentata; degraded rangelands; native and introduced grass species; Pseudoroegneria spicata; restoration; shoot and root interference; survival ID ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; HYDRAULIC LIFT; TUSSOCK GRASSES; WATER EFFLUX; PLANT; COMPETITION; COMMUNITIES; PATTERNS; ROOT; GRASSLAND AB Many semiarid rangelands in the Great Basin, U.S.A., are shifting dominance to woody species as a consequence of land degradation including intense livestock grazing and fire suppression. Whereas past rehabilitation efforts in Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) steppes removed the shrub and added introduced forage grasses to successfully shift communities from shrublands to grasslands, current consensus is that native species should be included in restoration projects and that retention of some woody plants is desirable. We examined the potential for interseeding grasses into dense shrub communities as a precursor to thinning shrubs and releasing grasses from shrub interference. We compared seedling establishment of the native grass, Bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata), with that of the Eurasia grass, Crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum), in dense Ar. tridentata stands. Shrubs may play an important role as nurse plants for seedling establishment (reduced solar radiation, "island of fertility" effect) but result in highly contrasting light environments and root interference for seedlings. In experimental plots, we examined effects of Ar. tridentata shade levels (0, 40, 70, and 90% reduction of solar radiation) and initial root exclusion (present/absent) on the establishment and growth of P. spicata and Ag. desertorum seedlings. With this design we evaluated the interference effects of Ar. tridentata on the two grasses and identified the most beneficial microsites for grass restoration in Ar. tridentata-dominated communities. We predicted seedling survival and growth to be greater under moderate shade (40% reduction) and limited root competition than under no or strong shade conditions (0 and 90%) and unrestricted root interactions. Fifty to 85% of the P. spicata and Ag. desertorum seedlings survived the dry summer months of 1995 and 1996 and the intervening winter. Neither shading nor root exclusion from Ar. tridentata affected final seedling survival of either species. Seedling biomass of both grass species was negatively affected by initial root interactions with Ar. tridentata. However, the analysis of seedling biomass variability (coefficient of variation) indicated that in all shade and root-exclusion treatments, some seedlings of both species developed to large individuals to survive in Ar. tridentata-dominated rangelands. Thus, the use of interseeding techniques shows promise for restoring herbaceous species in dense Ar. tridentata stands and should be given further consideration when shrub retention is an important consideration. C1 Utah State Univ, Rangeland Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Inst Potosino Invest Cient & Tecnol, San Luis Potosi 78216, SLP, Mexico. RP Huber-Sannwald, E (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Rangeland Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM ehs@ipicyt.edu.mx RI Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth/D-2507-2009 NR 48 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 39 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 13 IS 2 BP 292 EP 301 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00037.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 927GN UT WOS:000229180600008 ER PT J AU White, MA Schmidt, JC Topping, DJ AF White, MA Schmidt, JC Topping, DJ TI Application of wavelet analysis for monitoring the hydrologic effects of dam operation: Glen Canyon Dam and the Colorado River at Lees Ferry, Arizona SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Grand Canyon; wavelets; dams; discharge; Lees Ferry; Colorado River; Glen Canyon Dam ID GRAND-CANYON; UNITED-STATES; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; GEOMORPHIC CHANGE; FLOW REGULATION; GREEN RIVER; STREAMFLOW; VARIABILITY; REGIMES; RESTORATION AB Wavelet analysis is a powerful tool with which to analyse the hydrologic effects of dam construction and operation on river systems. Using continuous records of instantaneous discharge from the Lees Ferry gauging station and records of daily mean discharge from upstream tributaries, we conducted wavelet analyses of the hydrologic structure of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. The wavelet power spectrum (WPS) of daily mean discharge provided a highly compressed and integrative picture of the post-dam elimination of pronounced annual and sub-annual flow features. The WPS of the continuous record showed the influence of diurnal and weekly power generation cycles, shifts in discharge management, and the 1996 experimental flood in the post-dam period. Normalization of the WPS by local wavelet spectra revealed the fine structure of modulation in discharge scale and amplitude and provides an extremely efficient tool with which to assess the relationships among hydrologic cycles and ecological and geomorphic systems. We extended our analysis to sections of the Snake River and showed how wavelet analysis can be used as a data mining technique. The wavelet approach is an especially promising tool with which to assess dam operation in less well-studied regions and to evaluate management attempts to reconstruct desired flow characteristics. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP White, MA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM mikew@cc.usu.edu OI White, Michael/0000-0002-0238-8913 NR 55 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 551 EP 565 DI 10.1002/rra.827 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 941LF UT WOS:000230215600007 ER PT J AU Ugarte, CA Rice, KG Donnelly, MA AF Ugarte, CA Rice, KG Donnelly, MA TI Variation of total mercury concentrations in pig frogs (Rana grylio) across the Florida Everglades, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Rana; pig frogs; frog legs; total mercury; Everglades; spatial distribution ID SIZE; EXPOSURE; CHLORIDE; WATER; RIVER; BODY; AGE AB The Pig Frog (Rana grylio) is an aquatic frog that is an abundant component of the Everglades ecosystem. South Floridians recreationally and commercially hunt pig frogs in marshes throughout Water Conservation Areas (WCA) and Big Cypress National Preserve (BCNP) in South Florida. Most of these areas are under fish consumption advisories because of high levels of methylmercury present in game fish tissues. It is important to understand how mercury is distributed throughout Pig Frog populations because their consumption from certain areas may present a risk to human health. We sampled 88 pig frogs along a north-south transect through the Florida Everglades. There were substantial differences in total mercury (THg) concentrations from leg muscle tissue among sites. Total mercury in frog leg tissue was highest from areas protected from harvest in Everglades National Park (ENP), with a maximum concentration of 2051 ng/g wet mass. The THg levels in R. grylio leg tissue from most harvested areas are below Federal advisory limits. However, many pig frogs collected near Frog City, and one from WCA 3B and 3AN, harvested sites, had THg levels above the USEPA 0.3 mg/kg Fish Tissue Residue Criterion. Spatial patterns in the mercury found among pig frogs were similar to those of other wildlife species from the Everglades. We found frogs to have high THg levels in areas where alligators and mosquito fish also have high THg. THg in ENP frogs had an exponential relationship to SVL, we found no other relationship in frogs from other sites. Our data suggests that pig frogs should not be harvested or consumed from sites that exceed federal limits. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Florida Int Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ctr Water & Restorat Studies, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Ugarte, CA (reprint author), Everglades Natl Pk Field Stn, 40001 State Rd 9336, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. EM caugarte@ifas.ufl.edu NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 345 IS 1-3 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.10.015 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 942BO UT WOS:000230258100006 PM 15919527 ER PT J AU Polgari, M Szabo, Z Szabo-Drubina, M Hein, JR Yeh, HW AF Polgari, M Szabo, Z Szabo-Drubina, M Hein, JR Yeh, HW TI A porous silica rock ("tripoli") in the footwall of the Jurassic Urkut manganese deposit, Hungary: Composition, and origin through carbonate dissolution SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tripoli; Mn-oxide ore; Jurassic; central Europe; oxygen isotope AB The mineralogical, chemical, and isotopic compositions were determined for a white tripoli from the footwall of the Jurassic Urkut Mn-oxide ore deposit in the Balcony Mountains, Hungary. The tripoli consists of quartz and chalcedony, with SiO2 contents up to 100 wt.%; consequently, trace-element contents are very low. Oxygen isotopes and quartz crystallinity indicate a low-temperature diagenetic origin for this deposit. The tripoli was formed by dissolution of the carbonate portion of the siliceous (sponge spicules) lsztimer Limestone. Dissolution of the carbonate was promoted by inorganic and organic acids generated during diagensis and left a framework composed of diagenetic silica that preserved the original volume of the limestone layer. The relative enrichment of silica and high porosity is the result of that carbonate dissolution. The silty texture of this highly friable rock is due to the structurally weak silica framework. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, Lab Geochem Res, Res Ctr Earth Sci, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Mangan Ltd, Urkut, Hungary. RP Hungarian Acad Sci, Lab Geochem Res, Res Ctr Earth Sci, Budaorsi Str 45, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary. EM polgari@geochem.hu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 EI 1879-0968 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 177 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.02.002 PG 10 WC Geology SC Geology GA 943RZ UT WOS:000230373300005 ER PT J AU Ellison, LE Everette, AL Bogan, MA AF Ellison, LE Everette, AL Bogan, MA TI Examining patterns of bat activity in Bandelier National Monument, New Mexico, by using walking point transects SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID HABITAT USE; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; BOREAL FOREST; ECHOLOCATION CALLS; PREY SELECTION; WESTERN OREGON; ARIZONA; ASSUMPTIONS; QUEENSLAND; DETECTORS AB We conducted a preliminary study using small field crews, a single Anabat II detector coupled with a laptop computer, and point transects to examine patterns of bat activity at a scale of interest to local resource managers. The study was conducted during summers of 1996-1998 in Bandelier National Monument in the jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico, a landscape with distinct vegetation zones and high species richness of bats..We developed simple models that described general patterns of acoustic activity within 4 vegetation zones based primarily on nightly variation and a qualitative index of habitat complexity. Bat acoustic activity (number of bat passes/ point) did not vary dramatically among a limited sample of transects within a vegetation zone during 1996. In 1997 and 1998, single transects within each vegetation zone were established, and bat activity did not vary annually within these zones. Acoustic activity differed among the 4 vegetation zones of interest, with the greatest activity occurring in riparian canyon bottomland, intermediate activity in coniferous forest and a 1977 burned zone, and lowest activity in pinon-jumper woodlands. We identified 68.5% of 2,529 bat passes recorded during point-transect surveys to species using an echolocation call reference library we established for the area and qualitative characteristics of bat calls. Bat species richness and composition differed among vegetation zones. Results of these efforts were consistent with general knowledge of where different bat species typically forage and with the natural history of bats of New Mexico, suggesting such a method might have value for drawing inferences about bat activity in different vegetation zones. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Ellison, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Laura_Ellison@usgs.gov NR 55 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 21 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 2 BP 197 EP 208 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2005)050[0197:EPOBAI]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940NG UT WOS:000230150600008 ER PT J AU Geluso, K Hoffman, JD Ashe, VA White, JA Bogan, MA AF Geluso, K Hoffman, JD Ashe, VA White, JA Bogan, MA TI Westward expansion of the tawny-bellied cotton rat (Sigmodon fulviventer) in west-central New Mexico SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES AB In New Mexico, the tawny-bellied cotton rat (Sigmodon fulviventer) previously was known only from central and southwestern parts of the state. In central New Mexico, most records were from areas of tall grass and marshes associated with the middle Rio Grande valley. In 2003, we discovered S. fulviventer in grassy and marshy habitats > 100 km west of the Rio Grande in west-central New Mexico. Because past surveys in this region did not report captures of Sigmodon, we suspect our distributional records represent recent westward expansion of S.fulviventer in the state. C1 Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Arid Lands Field Stn, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ft Hays State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Hays, KS 67601 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Geluso, K (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Arid Lands Field Stn, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM kgeluso@unm.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 2 BP 273 EP 277 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2005)050[0273:WEOTTC]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940NG UT WOS:000230150600020 ER PT J AU Ward, MP Ramsay, BH Gallo, K AF Ward, MP Ramsay, BH Gallo, K TI Rural cases of equine West Nile virus encephalomyelitis and the normalized difference vegetation index SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus encephalomyelitis; equine; spatial; GIS; NDVI; Indiana ID NEW-YORK; VETERINARY EPIDEMIOLOGY; HORSES; INFECTION; SURVEILLANCE; MOSQUITOS; OUTBREAK; SPACE; BIRDS; TIME AB Data from an outbreak (August to October, 2002) of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalomyelitis in a population of horses located in northern Indiana was scanned for clusters in time and space. One significant (p = 0.04) cluster of case premises was detected, occurring between September 4 and 10 in the south-west part of the study area (85.70 degrees N, 45.50 degrees W). It included 10 case premises (3.67 case premises expected) within a radius of 2264 m. Image data were acquired by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor onboard a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration polar-orbiting satellite. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated from visible and near-infrared data of daily observations, which were composited to produce a weekly-1km(2) resolution raster image product. During the epidemic, a significant (p < 0.01) decrease (0.025 per week) in estimated NDVI was observed at all case and control premise sites. The median estimated NDVI (0.659) for case premises within the cluster identified was significantly (p < 0.01) greater than the median estimated NDVI for other case (0.571) and control (0.596) premises during the same period. The difference in median estimated NDVI for case premises within this cluster, compared to cases not included in this cluster, was greatest (5.3% and 5.1%, respectively) at 1 and 5 weeks preceding occurrence of the cluster. The NDVI may be useful for identifying foci of WNV transmission. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, W Lafayette, IN USA. Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Camp Springs, MD USA. United State Geol Survey Earth Resources Observat, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Ward, MP (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mward@cvm.tamu.edu RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010; Ward, Michael/C-5758-2009 NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1089/vbz.2005.5.181 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 947IX UT WOS:000230637900013 PM 16011435 ER PT J AU Mast, MA Campbell, DH Krabbenhoft, DP Taylor, HE AF Mast, MA Campbell, DH Krabbenhoft, DP Taylor, HE TI Mercury transport in a high-elevation watershed in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE alpine; atmospheric deposition; dissolved organic carbon; mercury; methylmercury; snowmelt; subalpine; watershed budget ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; ADIRONDACK LAKES; METHYL MERCURY; FRONT RANGE; DEPOSITION; METHYLMERCURY; CATCHMENT; UPLAND; CHEMISTRY AB Mercury (Hg) was measured in stream water and precipitation in the Loch Vale watershed in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, during 2001-2002 to investigate processes controlling Hg transport in high-elevation ecosystems. Total Hg concentrations in precipitation ranged from 2.6 to 36.2 ng/L and showed a strong seasonal pattern with concentrations that were 3 to 4 times higher during summer months. Annual bulk deposition of Hg was 8.3 to 12.4 mu g/m(2) and was similar to deposition rates in the Midwestern and Northeastern U.S. Total Hg concentrations in streams ranged from 0.8 to 13.5 ng/L and were highest in mid-May on the rising limb of the snowmelt hydrograph. Stream-water Hg was positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon suggesting organically complexed Hg was flushed into streams from near-surface soil horizons during the early stages of snowmelt. Methylmercury (MeHg) in stream water peaked at 0.048 ng/L just prior to peak snowmelt but was at or below detection (< 0.040 ng/L) for the remainder of the snowmelt season. Annual export of total Hg in Loch Vale streams ranged from 1.2 to 2.3 mu g/m(2), which was less than 20% of wet deposition, indicating the terrestrial environment is a net sink of atmospheric Hg. Concentrations of MeHg in stream water and corresponding watershed fluxes were low, indicating low methylation rates or high demethylation rates or both. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Madison, WI 53562 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Mast, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mamast@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 164 IS 1-4 BP 21 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s11270-005-1657-z PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 951LY UT WOS:000230933100002 ER PT J AU Simon, NS Bricker, OP Newell, W McCoy, J Morawe, R AF Simon, NS Bricker, OP Newell, W McCoy, J Morawe, R TI The distribution of phosphorus in Popes Creek, VA, and in the Pocomoke River, MD: Two watersheds with different land management practices in the Chesapeake Bay Basin SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE estuary; iron; land-use; phosphorus; sediment; watershed ID SEDIMENTS; EUTROPHICATION; LITTER; FORMS AB This paper compares phosphorus (P) concentrations in sediments from two watersheds, one with, and one without, intensive animal agriculture. The watersheds are in the coastal plain of the Chesapeake Bay and have similar physiographic characteristics. Agriculture in the Pocomoke River, MD, watershed supplied 2.7 percent of all broiler chickens produced in the USA in 1997. Poultry litter is an abundant, local source of manure for crops. Broiler chickens are not produced in the Popes Creek, VA, watershed and poultry manure is, therefore, not a major source of fertilizer. The largest concentrations of P in sediment samples are found in floodplain and main-stem bottom sediment in both watersheds. Concentrations of total P and P extracted with 1N HCl are significantly larger in main-stem bottom sediments from the Pocomoke River than in main-stem bottom sediments from Popes Creek. Larger concentrations of P are associated with what are potentially redox sensitive iron oxyhydroxides in sediment samples from the Pocomoke River watershed than are associated with what are potentially redox sensitive iron oxyhydroxides in sediment samples from the Popes Creek watershed. Data for P and iron (Fe) concentrations in sediments from the Popes Creek watershed provide a numerical framework (baseline) with which to compare P and Fe concentrations in sediment from the Pocomoke River watershed. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. DNR, Chesapeake Coastal Watershed Serv, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Natl Pk Serv, George Washington Birthp, VA 22443 USA. RP Simon, NS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM nssimon@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 164 IS 1-4 BP 189 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s11270-005-3024-5 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 951LY UT WOS:000230933100012 ER PT J AU Blanford, WJ Brusseau, ML Yeh, TCJ Gerba, CP Harvey, R AF Blanford, WJ Brusseau, ML Yeh, TCJ Gerba, CP Harvey, R TI Influence of water chemistry and travel distance on bacteriophage PRD-1 transport in a sandy aquifer SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE virus; transport; groundwater ID GRADIENT TRACER TEST; POROUS-MEDIA; VIRUS ADSORPTION; CAPE-COD; CHEMICAL PERTURBATIONS; PRD1; BACTERIA; INACTIVATION; GRAVEL; SOILS AB Experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of groundwater chemistry and travel distance on the transport and fate behavior of PRD-1, a bacteriophage employed as a surrogate tracer for pathogenic enteric viruses. The experiments were conducted in the unconfined aquifer at the United States Geological Survey Cape Cod Toxic-Substances Hydrology Research Site in Falmouth, Massachusetts. The transport behavior of bromide (Br-) and PRD-1 were evaluated in a sewage-effluent contaminated zone and a shallower uncontaminated zone at this site. Several multilevel sampling devices located along a 13-m transect were used to collect vertically discrete samples to examine longitudinal and vertical variability of PRD-1 retardation and attenuation. The concentration of viable bacteriophage in the aqueous phase decreased greatly during the first few meters of transport. This decrease is attributed to a combination of colloid filtration (attachment) and inactivation. The removal was greater (10(-12) relative recovery) and occurred within the first meter for the uncontaminated zone, whereas it was lesser (10(-9) relative recovery) and occurred over 4 m in the contaminated zone. The lesser removal observed for the contaminated zone is attributed to the influence of sorbed and dissolved organic matter, phosphate, and other anions, which are present in higher concentrations in the contaminated zone, on PRD-1 attachment. After the initial decrease, the aqueous PRD-1 concentrations remained essentially constant in both zones for the remainder of the tests (total travel distances of 13 m), irrespective of variations in geochemical properties within and between the two zones. The viable, mobile PRD-1 particles traveled at nearly the rate of bromide, which was used as a non-reactive tracer. The results of this study indicate that a small fraction of viable virus particles may persist in the aqueous phase and travel significant distances in the subsurface environment. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Soil Water & Environm Sci Dept, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Brusseau, ML (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM brusseau@ag.arizona.edu RI Blanford, William/D-4676-2013 OI Blanford, William/0000-0001-7487-362X NR 36 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2345 EP 2357 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.04.009 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 946RV UT WOS:000230590800017 PM 15927229 ER PT J AU Bryan, AL Snodgrass, JW Robinette, JR Hopkins, LB AF Bryan, AL Snodgrass, JW Robinette, JR Hopkins, LB TI Parental activities of nesting wood storks relative to time of day, tide level and breeding stage SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE attenclance; coastal; feeding; foraging behavior; Mycterica americana; parental activities; tide; time of day; Wood Storks ID COASTAL GEORGIA; HABITAT USE AB In 1995, parental activities of Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) were monitored in three coastal colonies during a series of 24-h long observation periods to document attendance, foraging, and other activities in relation to time of day, tide level, and breeding stage. During 5,400 nest-hours of observations, nest attendance declined and feeding rates increased with nestling developmental stage. Although some feeding arrivals occurred during darkness, the great majority of arrivals (including feeding) occurred during daylight periods. Mean times of return from feeding trips varied significantly among colonies and nestling developmental stages. Feeding arrivals were linked to tides, suggesting that most foraging occurred during the preceding low tide period. Inter-colony variation in foraging arrival times and interactions with tides were likely associated with differences in proximity to foraging sites and availability of both tidal and non-tidal (freshwater) foraging habitats. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Towson Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Towson, MD 21252 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Savannah Coastal Refuges, Savannah, GA 31405 USA. RP Bryan, AL (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM bryan@srel.edu RI Snodgrass, Joel/C-5288-2016 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 139 EP 145 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0139:PAONWS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 934WF UT WOS:000229739200002 ER PT J AU McGowan, CP Simons, TR Golder, W Cordes, J AF McGowan, CP Simons, TR Golder, W Cordes, J TI A comparison of American Oystercatcher reproductive success on barrier beach and river island habitats in coastal North Carolina SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; Haematopus palliatus; ecological trap; habitat selection; non-traditional habitat; range expansion; reproductive success ID HAEMATOPUS-OSTRALEGUS; BREEDING SUCCESS; INDICATOR; QUALITY; ECOLOGY; DENSITY AB American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) numbers along the east coast of the United States are declining in some areas and expanding in others. Researchers have suggested that movement from traditional barrier beach habitats to novel inland habitats and coastal marshes may explain some of these changes, but few studies have documented oystercatcher reproductive success in non-traditional habitats. This study compares the reproductive success of the American Oystercatcher on three river islands in the lower Cape Fear River of North Carolina with that of birds nesting on barrier island beach habitat of Cape Lookout National Seashore. There were 17.6 times more oystercatcher breeding pairs per kilometer on the river island habitat than barrier beach habitat. The Mar field estimate of daily nest content survival was 0.97 (S.E. +/- 0.0039) on river islands, significantly higher than 0.92 (S.E. +/- 0.0059) on barrier islands. The primary identifiable cause of nest failure on the river islands was flooding while the main cause of nest failure on the barrier islands was mammalian predation. Fledging success was equally low at both study sites. Only 0.19 chicks fledged per pair in 2002, and 0.21 chicks fledged per pair in 2003 on the river islands and 0.14 chicks fledged per pair in 2002 and 0.20 chicks fledged per pair in 2003 on the barrier islands. Many questions are still unanswered and more research is needed to fully understand the causes of chick mortality and the functional significance of non-traditional nesting habitats for the American Oystercatcher in the eastern United States. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, N Carolina Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina Coast Off, Natl Audubon Soc, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. Cape Lookout Natl Seashore, Harkers Isl, NC 28531 USA. RP Simons, TR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, N Carolina Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tsimons@ncsu.edu NR 31 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 14 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 150 EP 155 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0150:ACOAOR]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 934WF UT WOS:000229739200004 ER PT J AU Gilbert, AT Servello, F AF Gilbert, AT Servello, F TI Water level dynamics in wetlands and nesting success of Black Terns in Maine SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Black Tern; Chlidonias niger; flooding; nest success; wetlands ID ECOSYSTEMS; RIVER AB The Black Tern (Chlidonias niger) nests in freshwater wetlands that are prone to water level fluctuations, and nest losses to flooding are common. We examined temporal patterns in water levels at six sites with Black Tern colonies in Maine and determined probabilities of flood events and associated nest loss at Douglas Pond, the location of the largest breeding colony. Daily precipitation data from weather stations and water flow data from a flow gauge below Douglas Pond were obtained for 1960-1999. Information on nest losses from three floods at Douglas Pond in 1997-1999 were used to characterize small (6% nest loss), medium (56% nest loss) and large (94% nest loss) flood events, and we calculated probabilities of these three levels of flooding occurring at Douglas Pond using historic water levels data. Water levels generally decreased gradually during the nesting season at colony sites, except at Douglas Pond where water levels fluctuated substantially in response to rain events. Annual probabilities of small, medium, and large flood events were 68%, 35%, and 13% for nests initiated during 23 May-12 July, with similar probabilities for early (23 May-12 June) and late (13 June-12 July) periods. An index of potential nest loss indicated that medium floods at Douglas Pond had the greatest potential effect on nest success because they occurred relatively frequently and inundated large proportions of nests. Nest losses at other colonies were estimated to be approximately 30% of those at Douglas Pond. Nest losses to flooding appear to be common for the Black Tern in Maine and related to spring precipitation patterns, but ultimate effects on breeding productivity are uncertain. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Gilbert, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM agilbert@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 181 EP 187 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0181:WLDIWA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 934WF UT WOS:000229739200009 ER PT J AU Skerratt, LF Franson, JC Meteyer, CU Hollmen, TE AF Skerratt, LF Franson, JC Meteyer, CU Hollmen, TE TI Causes of mortality in sea ducks (Mergini) necropsied at the USGS-National Wildlife Health Center SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Review DE sea ducks; Mergini; mortality; disease; Pasteurella multocida; Clostridium botulinum; starvation; lead toxicity; firearm; petroleum ID EIDERS SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; COMMON EIDERS; SPECTACLED EIDERS; AVIAN CHOLERA; PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA; GULL PREDATION; BODY-MASS AB A number of factors were identified as causes of mortality in 254 (59%) of 431 sea ducks Submitted for necropsy at the USGS-National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin from 1975 until 2003. Bacteria causing large outbreaks of mortality were Pasteurella multocida and Clostridium botulinum Type E. Starvation was responsible for large mortality events as well as sporadic deaths of individuals. Lead toxicity, gunshot and exposure to petroleum were important anthropogenic factors. Other factors that caused mortality were avian pox virus, bacteria (Clostridium botulinum Type C, Riemerella analipestifer and Clostridium perfringens), fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus and an unidentified fungus), protozoans (unidentified coccidia), nematodes (Eustrongylides spp.), trematodes (Sphaoidiotrema globulus and Schistosoma spp.), acanthocephalans (Polymorphus spp.), predation, cyanide and trauma (probably due to collisions). There were also a number of novel infectious organisms in free-living sea ducks in North America, which were incidental to the death, including avipoxvirus and reovirus, bacteria Alycobacterium avium, protozoans Sarcocystis sp. and nematodes Streptocara sp. Apart from anthropogenic factors, the other important mortality factors listed here have not been studied as possible causes for the decline of sea ducks in North America. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Surg Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Seward, AK 99664 USA. RP Skerratt, LF (reprint author), James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Vet & Biomed Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM lee.skerratt@jcu.edu.au RI Skerratt, Lee/L-2797-2013; OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238 NR 112 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 23 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 193 EP 207 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0193:COMISD]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 934WF UT WOS:000229739200011 ER PT J AU Meckstroth, AM Miles, AK AF Meckstroth, AM Miles, AK TI Predator removal and nesting waterbird success at San Francisco Bay, California SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE California; nest success; predation; predator control; San Francisco bay; striped skunk; Mephitis mephitis; urban; waterbirds ID SIMULATED WATERFOWL NESTS; BIRDS; POPULATIONS; EGGS; MANAGEMENT; REDUCTION; DENSITY; HABITAT AB The efficacy of long-term predator removal in urbanized areas is poorly understood. The impact of predation on ground-nesting waterbirds, as well as predator abundance and composition in predator removal versus non-removal or reference sites were examined at South San Francisco Bay. The success of natural nests and predator activity was monitored using track plates, trip cameras, wire haircatchers and simulated nests. Removal sites had higher nest densities, but lower hatching success than reference sites. Predator composition and abundance were not different at the removal and reference sites for any predator other than feral Cat (Felis domesticus). Striped Skunk (Mephilis mephitis) comprised the majority (84%) of predators removed, yet remained the most abundant predators in removal and reference sites. Urban environments provide supplemental food that may influence skunks and other nest predators to immigrate into vacancies created by predator removal. Based on the findings from this study, predator removal should be applied intensively over a larger geographic area in order to be a viable management strategy for some mammalian species in urbanized areas. Received 3 June 2004, accepted 26 January 2005. C1 Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Meckstroth, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn 1,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ameckstroth@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 19 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 250 EP 255 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0250:PRANWS]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 934WF UT WOS:000229739200018 ER PT J AU Adamowicz, SC Roman, CT AF Adamowicz, SC Roman, CT TI New England salt marsh pools: A quantitative analysis of geomorphic and geographic features SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE marsh pools; ditching; salt marsh; New England ID NEW-JERSEY; MANAGEMENT; HABITATS AB New England salt marsh pools provide important wildlife habitat and are the object of on-going salt marsh restoration projects; however, they have not been quantified in terms of their basic geomorphic and geographic traits. An examination of 32 ditched and unditched salt marshes from the Connecticut shore of Long Island Sound to southern Maine, USA, revealed that pools from ditched and unditched marshes had similar average sizes of about 200 m(2), averaged 29 cm in depth, and were located about 11 m from the nearest tidal flow. Unditched marshes had 3 times the density (13 pools/ha), 2.5 times the pool coverage (83 m pool/km transect), and 4 times the total pool surface area per hectare (913 m(2) pool/ha salt marsh) of ditched sites. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that an increasing density of ditches (m ditch/ha salt marsh) was negatively correlated with pool density and total pool surface area per hectare. Creek density was positively correlated with these variables. Thus, it was not the mere presence of drainage channels that were associated with low numbers of pools, but their type (ditch versus creek) and abundance. Tidal range was not correlated with pool density or total pool surface area, while marsh latitude had only a weak relationship to total pool surface area per hectare. Pools should be incorporated into salt marsh restoration planning, and the parameters quantified here may be used as initial design targets. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Adamowicz, SC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 321 Port Rd, Wells, ME 04090 USA. EM susan_adamowicz@fws.gov NR 24 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 279 EP 288 DI 10.1672/4 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940OD UT WOS:000230152900004 ER PT J AU Woodcock, T Longcore, J McAuley, D Mingo, T Bennatti, CR Stromborg, K AF Woodcock, T Longcore, J McAuley, D Mingo, T Bennatti, CR Stromborg, K TI The role of pH in structuring communities of maine wetland macrophytes and chironomid larvae (Diptera) SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE community structure; water chemistry; wetlands; macrophytes; Chironomidae ID SOUTHEASTERN CANADA; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; LAKE; WATER; INVERTEBRATES; ABUNDANCE; RECOVERY; ECOLOGY; STREAM; PONDS AB Aquatic vascular plants, or macrophytes, are an important habitat component for many wetland organisms, and larvae of chironomid midges are ubiquitous components of wetland fauna. Many chironomids are primary consumers of algae and detritus and form an essential energetic link between allochthonous and autochthonous primary production and higher trophic levels, while others are predators and feed on smaller invertebrates. Live macrophytes serve mostly as habitat, whereas plant detritus serves as both habitat and as a food source. Assemblages of macrophytes and chironomid larvae were surveyed in ten Maine wetlands, five with low pH (< 5.0) and five with high pH (> 5.5), and explained in terms of physical and chemical habitat variables. Macrophyte richness was significantly greater, and richness of chironomid larvae was lower, in low pH wetlands. There was no difference in chironomid abundance related to pH. However, community structure was related to pH, suggesting that competitive dominance of a few taxa was responsible for lower richness in low pH wetlands, whereas competition was weaker in high pH wetlands, making coexistence of more chironomid taxa possible. An examination of individual chironomid taxa by stepwise multiple regression showed that distribution of most taxa was controlled by water chemistry variables and macrophyte habit (i.e., floating, submergent). C1 SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Lake Champlain Res Inst, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Entomol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. RP Woodcock, T (reprint author), SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Lake Champlain Res Inst, 102 Hudson Hall, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. EM woodcot@plattsburgh.edu NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 306 EP 316 DI 10.1672/7 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940OD UT WOS:000230152900007 ER PT J AU Proffitt, CE Travis, SE AF Proffitt, CE Travis, SE TI Albino mutation rates in red mangroves (Rhizophora mangle L.) as a bioassay of contamination history in Tampa Bay, Florida; USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Rhizophora mangle; albino mutation; breeding system; contamination bioassay ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; ENVIRONMENTS; MUTAGENS; GENETICS; PLANTS AB We assessed the sensitivity of a viviparous estuarine tree species, Rhizophora mangle, to historic sublethal mutagenic stress across a fine spatial scale by comparing the frequency of trees producing albino propagules in historically contaminated (n=4) and uncontaminated (n=11) forests in Tampa Bay, Florida, USA. Data from uncontaminated forests were used to provide estimates of background mutation rates. We also determined whether other fitness parameters were negatively correlated with mutagenic stress (e.g., degree of outcrossing and numbers of reproducing trees km(-1)). Contaminated sites in Tampa Bay had significantly higher frequencies of trees that were heterozygous for albinism per 1000 total reproducing trees (FHT) than uncontaminated forests (mean +/- SE: 11.4 +/- 4.3 vs 4.3 +/- 0.73, P < 0.022). Two sites that were contaminated by oil failed to show elevated FHT, although in the first instance, the mutagenic effects of the oil may have been reduced by several weeks of weathering in open water before coming ashore, and in the second > 25 yrs of subsequent recruitment and tree replacement may have allowed an initial elevation in the FHT to decay. Patterns of FHT were not explained by distance from the bay mouth or the degree of urbanization. However, there was a significant positive relationship between tree size and FHT (r=0.83, P < 0.018), which suggests that forests with older or larger trees provide a more lasting record of cumulative mutagenic stress. No other fitness parameters correlated with FHT. There was a difference in FHT between two latitudes, as determined by comparing Tampa Bay with literature values for Puerto Rico. The sensitivity of this bioassay for the effects of mutagens will facilitate future monitoring of contamination events and comparisons of bay-wide recovery in future decades. Development of a database of FHT values for a range of subtropical and tropical estuaries is underway that will provide a baseline against which to compare mutational consequences of global change. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Proffitt, CE (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Charles E Schmidt Coll Sci, 777 Glades Rd,POB 3091, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM cproffit@fau.edu NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 326 EP 334 DI 10.1672/9 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940OD UT WOS:000230152900009 ER PT J AU Neff, KP Baldwin, AH AF Neff, KP Baldwin, AH TI Seed dispersal into wetlands: Techniques and results for a restored tidal freshwater marsh SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE anemochory; avichory; hydrochory; natural restoration; rarefaction analysis; seed dispersal; species richness estimation; tidal freshwater marsh; water dispersal; wetland restoration; wind dispersal ID ESTIMATING SPECIES RICHNESS; BANK COMPOSITION; POPULATION-SIZE; SALT MARSHES; SELF-DESIGN; VEGETATION; DISTURBANCE; COMMUNITIES; HYDROCHORY; DYNAMICS AB Although seed dispersal is assumed to be a major factor determining plant community development in restored wetlands, little research exists on density and species richness of seed available through dispersal in these systems. We measured composition and seed dispersal rates at a restored tidal freshwater marsh in Washington, DC, USA by collecting seed dispersing through water and wind. Seed dispersal by water was measured using two methods of seed collection: (1) stationary traps composed of coconut fiber mat along an elevation gradient bracketing the tidal range and (2) a floating surface trawl net attached to a boat. To estimate wind dispersal rates, we collected seed from stationary traps composed of coconut fiber mat positioned above marsh vegetation. We also collected a small number of samples of debris deposited along high tide lines (drift lines) and feces of Canada Goose to explore their seed content. We used the seedling emergence method to determine seed density in all samples, which involved placing the fiber mats or sample material on top of potting soil in a greenhouse misting room and enumerating emerging seedlings. Seedlings from a total of 125 plant species emerged during this study (including 82 in river trawls, 89 in stationary water traps, 21 in drift lines, 39 in wind traps, and 10 in goose feces). The most abundant taxa included Bidens frondosa, Boehmeria cylindrica, Cyperus spp., Eclipta prostrata, and Ludwigia palustris. Total seedling density was significantly greater for the stationary water traps (212 +/- 30.6 seeds/m(2)/month) than the equal-sized stationary wind traps (18 +/- 6.0 seeds/m(2)/month). Lower-bound estimates of total species richness based on the non-parametric Chao 2 asymptotic estimators were greater for seeds in water (106 +/- 1.4 for stationary water traps and 104 +/- 5.5 for trawl samples) than for wind (54 +/- 6.4). Our results indicate that water is the primary source of seeds dispersing to the site and that a species-rich pool of dispersing propagules is present, an interesting result given the urbanized nature of the surrounding landscape. However, species composition of dispersing seeds differed from vegetation of restored and natural tidal freshwater marshes, indicating that planting is necessary for certain species. At other restoration sites, information on densities of dispersing seeds can support decisions on which species to plant. C1 Univ Maryland, Marine Estuarine Environm Sci Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Resources Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Baldwin, AH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Marine Estuarine Environm Sci Program, Bldg 142, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM baldwin@umd.edu RI Baldwin, Andrew/C-8759-2014 NR 69 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 46 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 392 EP 404 DI 10.1672/14 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940OD UT WOS:000230152900014 ER PT J AU Tiner, RW AF Tiner, RW TI Assessing cumulative loss of wetland functions in the Nanticoke River watershed using enhanced National Wetlands Inventory data SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE cumulative wetland impacts; historic wetlands; Nanticoke River watershed; National Wetlands Inventory; wetland classification; wetland functional assessment; wetland trends AB The coterminous U.S. has lost more than 50% of its wetlands since colonial times. Today, wetlands are highly valued for many functions including temporary storage of surface water, streamflow maintenance, nutrient transformation, sediment retention, shoreline stabilization, and provision of fish and wildlife habitat. Government agencies and other organizations are actively developing plans to help protect, conserve, and restore wetlands in watersheds. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wetlands Inventory Program (NWI) has produced wetland maps, digital geospatial data, and wetland trends data to aid these and other conservation efforts. Most recently, the NWI has developed procedures to expand the amount of information contained within its digital databases to characterize wetlands better. It has also developed techniques to use these data to predict wetland functions at the watershed level. Working with the states of Delaware and Maryland, the NWI applied these techniques to the Nanticoke River watershed to aid those states in developing a watershed-wide wetland conservation strategy. Wetland databases for pre-settlement and contemporary conditions were prepared. An assessment of wetland functions was conducted for both time periods and comparisons made. Before European settlement, the Nanticoke watershed had an estimated 93,000 ha of wetlands covering 45% of the watershed. By 1998, the wetland area had been reduced to 62% of its original extent. Sea-level rise and wetland conversion to farmland were the principal causes of wetland loss. From the functional standpoint, the watershed lost over 60% of its original capacity for streamflow maintenance and over 35% for four other functions (surface-water detention, nutrient transformation, sediment and particulate retention, and provision of other wildlife habitat). This study demonstrated the value of enhanced NWI data and its use for providing watershed-level information on wetland functions and for assessing the cumulative impacts to wetlands. It provides natural resource managers and planners with a toot that can be applied consistently to watersheds and large geographic areas to show the extent of wetland change and its projected effect on wetland functions. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Reg, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. RP Tiner, RW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Reg, 300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. EM ralph_tiner@fws.gov NR 31 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 23 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 405 EP 419 DI 10.1672/15 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940OD UT WOS:000230152900015 ER PT J AU Grant, EHC AF Grant, EHC TI Correlates of vernal pool occurrence in the Massachusetts, USA landscape SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE land use; landform; predictive model; surficial geology; topography; vernal pool ID ISOLATED WETLANDS; RANA-SYLVATICA; WOOD FROG; AMPHIBIANS; PONDS; HYDROLOGY; TEMPORARY; COLONIZATION; HYDROPERIOD; SALAMANDERS AB Vernal pool wetlands are at risk of destruction across the northeast United States, due in part to their diminutive size and short hydroperiods. These characteristics make it difficult to locate vernal pool habitats in the landscape during much of the year, and no efficient method exists for predicting their occurrence. A logistic regression procedure was used to identify large-scale variables that influence the presence of a potential vernal pool, including surficial geology, land use and land cover, soil classification, topography, precipitation, and surficial hydrologic features. The model was validated with locations of field-verified vernal pools. The model demonstrated that the probability of potential vernal pool occurrence is positively related to slope, negatively related to till/bedrock surficial geology, and negatively related to the proportion of cropland, urban/commercial, and high density residential development in the landscape. The relationship between vernal pool occurrence and large-scale variables suggests that these habitats do not occur at random in the landscape, and thus, protection in situ should be considered. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Grant, EHC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM ehgrant@usgs.gov RI Grant, Evan/N-5160-2014 OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496 NR 43 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 480 EP 487 DI 10.1672/22 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940OD UT WOS:000230152900022 ER PT J AU Jones, SG Gordon, DH Phillips, GM Richardson, BRD AF Jones, SG Gordon, DH Phillips, GM Richardson, BRD TI Avian community response to a golf-course landscape unit gradient SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE avian; birds; coastal; community; GIS; golf course; landscape; Neotropical; regression; spatial; South Carolina ID BIRD COMMUNITIES; SPECIES RICHNESS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; HABITAT; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; URBANIZATION; FRAGMENTS; ABUNDANCE AB Although golf course construction significantly alters natural wildlife habitat, the resulting remnant, disturbed, and introduced landscape patches may provide valuable habitat for birds. Considering the current rate of new course construction, the effects of land consumption and habitat alteration on breeding bird communities in coastal South Carolina are of immediate concern. During summer 2000 and 2001, we sampled 24 golf-course landscape units (GCLU) to assess their value to the breeding bird community. We defined a GCLU as the legally owned parcel of land where a golf course was sited, including the course and all associated development (e.g., residential housing). Sample units (n=24) were selected to represent a gradient of GCLUs ranging from low to high landscape alteration and were subjectively classified a priori into I of 3 alteration groups (G1 [low], G2 [medium] or G3 [high]). We conducted Analysis of Variance procedures to determine whether estimations of species richness, Neotropical migrant richness, and degree of conservation concern differed across the gradient. We explored relative strengths of associations between landscape structure (landscape composition and spatial configuration) and avian community parameters at 2 spatial scales using stepwise multiple regression techniques. We used simple linear regression to assess the relationship between percent forested area of the GCLU and avian community parameters. Total number of species and number of Neotropical migrant species, as well as degree of conservation concern of the species present, were higher in less-altered GCLUs (F-2,F-21<14, P<0.05), and were significantly influenced by percent forested area (adj. R-2 = 0.9-0-57). The majority of birds associated with less-developed landscapes were woodland and scrub-shrub breeding species, while urban-breeding species were found primarily in the more-altered landscapes chi(2)=440.3, df=6, n=4757, P<0.001). The area of forest and disturbance patches, size variability in managed turfgrass patches, and measures of spatial complexity proved most useful in explaining variability of response variables due to landscape structure (adj. R-2=0.57-0.90). C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, S Carolina Coast Coastal Program, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Aquaculture Fisheries & Wildlife, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Inst Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, Georgetown, SC 29440 USA. RP Jones, SG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, S Carolina Coast Coastal Program, 176 Croghan Spur Rd, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. EM stephen_jones@fws.gov RI Richardson, Brian/B-9822-2013 NR 39 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 422 EP 434 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[422:ACRTAG]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 974FV UT WOS:000232577600004 ER PT J AU Merola-Zwartjes, M DeLong, JP AF Merola-Zwartjes, M DeLong, JP TI Avian species assemblages on on New Mexico golf courses: surrogate riparian habitat for birds? SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE avian diversity; avian species assemblage; avian species richness; bird community composition; bird diversity; golf course; riparian birds; riparian habitat; southwestern bird communities; urbanization ID RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; URBANIZATION; DIVERSITY; ARIZONA; LANDSCAPE; RICHNESS; FINLAND; TUCSON AB The goal of our study was to determine how golf courses in the desert environment impact the indigenous bird community and, particularly, to see whether golf courses may serve as surrogate riparian habitats for southwestern birds. We compared the avian communities on 5 golf courses in the Albuquerque, New Mexico area (4 traditional and 1 "naturalistic") to those of 5 paired natural areas that served as reference sites. We surveyed birds using breeding-season point counts over 2 years and measured several habitat characteristics of each site. In agreement with most other studies of urbanization effects, we found that bird abundance was greater on 4 out of 5 golf courses. In contrast to many studies of urban birds, we found that both total species richness and species diversity was higher on the golf courses in 3 out of 5 cases, and indigenous species richness was higher on all 5 of the golf courses. Of the bird species unique to the golf-course communities, 74% were riparian associates. Although they had high numbers of indigenous species, most of the individuals on golf courses were relatively common generalist species. The naturalistic golf course that was dominated by native vegetation had greater indigenous bird species richness, diversity, and abundance when compared to its reference site and all of the other courses. We conclude that golf courses do have the potential to support riparian bird communities but that their conservation potential can be enhanced through the addition of habitat complexity and structure. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Merola-Zwartjes, M (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Endangered Species Recovery Div, Reg 1,911 NE 11th Ave, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM michele_zwartjes@fws.gov NR 46 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 435 EP 447 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[435:ASAONM]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 974FV UT WOS:000232577600005 ER PT J AU Smith, MD Conway, CJ Ellis, LA AF Smith, MD Conway, CJ Ellis, LA TI Burrowing owl nesting productivity: a comparison between artificial and natural burrows on and off golf courses SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE artificial nest; Athene cunicularia; burrowing owl; golf courses; nest-site selection; south-central Washington ID RELOCATION AB Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia) populations are declining in many portions of their range, and lack of suitable nesting burrows is thought to be one reason for observed declines. Burrowing owls are attracted to golf courses because the birds generally nest and forage in short-grass, open areas, yet golf courses seldom have suitable nesting burrows. We examined the efficacy of installing artificial nesting burrows on golf courses as a way to help restore local burrowing owl populations. From 2001-2004 we monitored over 175 natural burrows off golf courses, 14 natural burrows on golf courses, 86 artificial burrows off golf courses, and 130 artificial burrows on golf courses. Owls located and used 8 of the 130 artificial burrows installed on golf courses (4 were used as nests). Owls selected burrows that were closer to existing natural burrows, farther from maintained areas (areas receiving turf maintenance by golf course staff), and farther from sprinkler heads. All 4 of the artificial burrows used as nests successfully fledged young, and annual site fidelity for owls nesting on golf courses was higher than for owls nesting off golf courses. However, annual fecundity of owls nesting on golf courses was lower than that of owls nesting off golf courses. If golf courses have sufficiently large nonmaintained areas and there are nesting owls nearby, course managers potentially can help in restoring local burrowing owl populations by installing artificial nesting burrows on the periphery of the course. However, the low fecundity on golf courses reported here should be more thoroughly examined before artificial burrows are used to attract owls to golf courses. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Smith, MD (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM Mdsmith@zoo.ufl.edu NR 17 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 19 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 454 EP 462 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[454:BONPAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 974FV UT WOS:000232577600007 ER PT J AU Porter, EE Bulluck, J Blair, RB AF Porter, EE Bulluck, J Blair, RB TI Multiple spatial-scale assessment of the conservation value of golf courses for breeding birds southwestern Ohio SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE birds; conservation; golf courses; spatial scale; species diversity; urban gradients ID CYPRESS FOX SQUIRRELS; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; URBAN-POPULATION; LAND-USE; GRASSLAND; HABITAT; DIET; COMMUNITIES; LANDSCAPES; DIVERSITY AB Previous work on gradients of human-altered landscapes has identified golf courses as potentially valuable areas for wildlife conservation. We assessed 6 golf courses in and around Oxford, Ohio that were surrounded by varying degrees of land-use intensity and studied bird communities within these courses to identify factors that promote diverse bird assemblages. We used a Geographic Information System (GIS) and aerial photography to estimate percentages of different land-cover types surrounding each course using buffers at scales of 100-1,000 m. We also measured onsite vegetation characteristics within 50 m of the same points used for bird sampling. We used simple linear regressions between each environmental variable and bird community statistics (abundance, species richness, Shannon diversity, and evenness) to determine which variables had the most influence on bird communities. We found that landscapes surrounding golf courses were the most important determinants of bird diversity and on-site variables were relatively unimportant. Specifically, natural land-cover buffers (forests, riparian areas, and open water) promote bird diversity and residential cover reduces diversity, especially in small buffers immediately surrounding courses. Results were similar when we limited the bird data set to Neotropical migrants or to birds with declining population trends. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Porter, EE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Off, 6010 Hidden Valley Rd, Carlsbad, CA 92009 USA. EM jbulluck@arcadis-us.com; blairrb@umn.edu NR 36 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 494 EP 506 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[494:MSAOTC]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 974FV UT WOS:000232577600011 ER PT J AU Chavez, AS Gese, EM Krannich, RS AF Chavez, AS Gese, EM Krannich, RS TI Attitudes of rural landowners toward wolves in northwestern Minnesota SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE attitudes; Canis lupus; livestock; northwest Minnesota; perceived risk; wolves ID WOLF; YELLOWSTONE; PARK AB The natural recolonization of gray wolves (Canis lupus) into parts of their former range in the upper Midwest of the United States has led to wolves establishing territories in semiagricultural areas containing livestock. As part of a study on wolf-livestock relationships in a northwestern Minnesota agricultural area, we surveyed rural landowners within and outside of wolf range to assess perceptions regarding the risks wolves pose to livestock (mainly cattle). The mean response score for rural landowners to the statement I think wolves should be allowed to exist in northwest Minnesota" was between neutral and disagree. There was no difference in mean response scores between rural residents living within wolf range and residents living adjacent to but outside of wolf range. The rural residents' mean response score to the statement "Wolves are causing unacceptable levels of damage to northwest Minnesota's livestock industry" was between neutral and agree. Although there was a statistical difference in mean response scores of residents living within wolf range and residents living outside of wolf range, the scores were not substantially different from each other. While landowners felt wolves were a threat to their livelihood, other factors (market fluctuations, laws and government, diseases, extreme weather, flooding) were ranked as greater threats to the agricultural community. Rural residents both within and outside of wolf range harbored similar negative attitudes toward wolves, even though residents outside of wolf range have not had a population of wolves in their area for >100 years, indicating little change in cultural attitudes toward wolves. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Dept Forest Range & Wildlif, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Sociol Social Work & Anthropol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Chavez, AS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 6010 Hidden Valley Rd, Carlsbad, CA 92009 USA. EM egese@cc.usu.edu RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 35 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 517 EP 527 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[517:AORLTW]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 974FV UT WOS:000232577600013 ER PT J AU Troy, AR Strong, AM Bosworth, SC Donovan, TM Buckley, NJ Wilson, JL AF Troy, AR Strong, AM Bosworth, SC Donovan, TM Buckley, NJ Wilson, JL TI Attitudes of Vermont dairy farmers regarding adoption of management practices for grassland songbirds SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE agricultural management practices; attitudinal surveys; Champlain Valley; dairy farms; forage crops; grassland songbirds; hayfields ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; MISSOURI; PROFITABILITY; INTENTIONS; WILDLIFE AB In the northeastern United States, most populations of grassland songbirds occur on private lands. However, little information exists about the attitudes of farmers toward habitat management for this guild. To address this information gap, we surveyed 131 dairy farmers in Vermont's Champlain Valley to assess current hayfield management practices and farmers' willingness to adopt more "bird-friendly" practices. Our results showed a clear trend toward earlier and more frequent hayfield cuts. Farmers indicated they have little flexibility to alter the timing of their cuts on most of their land. However, many farmers (49%) indicated a willingness to adopt alternative management practices on at least a small portion of their land. Combined with the fact that many farmers characterized parts of their land as "wasteland," or economically unproductive land, this result suggests that some leeway exists for increasing songbird habitat quality on at least portions of dairy farms. Although significant differences existed in the amount of land for which farmers were willing to adopt alternative management based on herd size, acreage, and experience, the directionality of these relationships could not be established except tentatively for herd size, in which case it appeared that farmers with smaller herds were more likely to dedicate a greater percentage of their land to alternative management. The results of this study likely have relevance to dairy farms throughout the northern-tier dairy states. Given the increasing trend for agricultural land to be converted into housing, we recommend that extension and education efforts target farmers with large hayfield acreages, encouraging the maintenance of high-quality habitat for grassland songbirds. C1 Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. RP Troy, AR (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM austin.troy@uvm.edu NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 528 EP 538 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[528:AOVDFR]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 974FV UT WOS:000232577600014 ER PT J AU Taylor, JP Smith, LM AF Taylor, JP Smith, LM TI Migratory bird use of belowground foods in moist-soil managed wetlands in the Middle Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE aboveground standing crop; belowground standing crop; carrying capacity; chufa; Cyperus esculentus; migratory birds; moist-soil management; New Mexico; wetlands ID SANDHILL CRANES; NORTHERN PINTAILS; PLAYA WETLANDS; HABITAT; WINTER; FALL AB Natural wetland plant foods meet energetic requirements for waterfowl and sandhill cranes (Crus canadensis) if production surpasses foraging efficiency thresholds. Although knowledge of aboveground plant production and migratory bird use are available to estimate carrying capacity on intensively managed moist-soil wetlands, data are lacking regarding production and use of underground plant foods in managed areas. In 1996 and 1997, we determined use of underground foods by mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and sandhill cranes on moist-soil managed wetlands where mowing, discing, and sustained flooding treatments were tested to enhance chufa (Cyperus esculentus) production. Although there were no differences among treatments in use of belowground foods, with in-treatment analyses showed that avian foraging reduced chufa tubers from 17-27% except in the 1996 sustained flooding treatment. Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) rhizomes were reduced only in the 1997 mowed and sustained flooding treatments, whereas field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) rhizomes were consumed only in the 1997 mowed treatment. Based on use levels, a threshold level of about 500 kg/ha of underground foods should be produced before use occurs. However, use of underground foods also may have been related to the amount of aboveground seed available in each treatment. Mallards initially may have been attracted to flooded wetlands with high aboveground seed production leading to subsequent use of underground foods. By ignoring underground wetland foods, carrying capacity for migratory birds using moist-soil managed wetlands may be underestimated. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Inst, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM L.M.Smith@ttu.edu NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 574 EP 582 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[574:MBUOBF]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 974FV UT WOS:000232577600018 ER PT J AU Casazza, ML Yee, JL Miller, MR Orthmeyer, DL Yparraguirre, DR Jarvis, RL Overton, CT AF Casazza, ML Yee, JL Miller, MR Orthmeyer, DL Yparraguirre, DR Jarvis, RL Overton, CT TI Evaluation of current population indices for band-tailed pigeons SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE band-tailed pigeon; Breeding Bird Survey; mineral sites; Patagioenas fasciata; population index; power analysis; route regression; statistical power ID SUPPLEMENT; COUNT AB There is no formal population survey specifically designed to index population abundance of band-tailed pigeons (Patagioenas fasciata) throughout their range. Data from the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS), Washington and Oregon Mineral-Site (WAORMS) surveys, and Washington Call Count (WACC) survey offer evidence of long-term population decline. We investigated the potential to augment BBS, WACC, and WAORMS surveys to provide more precise population indices for the Pacific Coast band-tailed pigeon (P f. monilis) and augment the BBS to index the Interior or "Four Corners" population (P. f. fasciata). We calculated statistical power, the probability of detecting population change given that a change exists, and analyzed survey data to investigate the effect of route length, survey repetition, and sample size. Sample sizes of 50 sites or routes yielded corresponding powers of 99% for WAORMS, 54% for WACC, and 30% for Pacific BBS, to detect a 10% annual change over a 5-year period (a = 0.10). Route length and repetition of surveys had little impact on power. Mineral-site surveys provide the greatest potential to monitor breeding populations and detect short-term trends in the Pacific Coast population. New survey techniques are needed for the Interior band-tailed pigeon. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95826 USA. Calif Waterfowl Assoc, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Waterfowl & Upland Game Div, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Casazza, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM mike_casazza@usgs.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 606 EP 615 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[606:EOCPIF]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 974FV UT WOS:000232577600022 ER PT J AU Naugle, DE Aldridge, CL Walker, BL Doherty, KE Matchett, MR McIntosh, J Cornish, TE Boyce, MS AF Naugle, DE Aldridge, CL Walker, BL Doherty, KE Matchett, MR McIntosh, J Cornish, TE Boyce, MS TI West Nile virus and sage-grouse: What more have we learned? SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; emerging infectious disease; monitoring; population decline; sage-grouse; survival; West Nile virus ID CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; NEW-YORK; POPULATION; CONSERVATION; CANADA; BIRDS; GUIDELINES; INFECTION; MOSQUITOS; HABITATS AB West Nile virus (WNv) has emerged as a new issue in the conservation of native avifauna in North America. Mortality associated with WNv infection decreased survival of female greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) by 25% across 4 populations in Wyoming and Montana, USA, and Alberta, Canada, in 2003. In 2004 WNv spread to populations in Colorado and California, and female survival in late summer was 10% lower at 4 sites with confirmed WNv mortalities (86% survival) than at 8 sites without (96%). We still have no evidence that sage-grouse show resistance to the virus. The 2004 WNv season was not the catastrophe that many had predicted, and the decrease in prevalence of infection and mortality in sage-grouse, humans, and horses (except in California) has left many wondering if the worst has past. Evidence suggests that risk of infection was low in 2004 because unseasonably cool summer temperatures delayed or reduced mosquito production. Moreover, mortalities occurred 2-3 weeks later in 2004 than in 2003, and the shift to later timing was consistent between years at sites where WNv reduced survival both years. Mosquito surveillance data indicated a sharp decline in prevalence and infection rate of adult C. tarsalis in southeast Alberta, the most northern latitude where WNv reduced survival, in 2003 but not in 2004. A full understanding of the implications of WNv for sage-grouse requires a long-term, coordinated monitoring strategy among researchers and a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the role of WNv in population viability. Epidemiological research examining the prevalence and ecology of the virus among reservoir hosts is crucial. C1 Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Coll Forestry & Conervat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Charles M Russell Natl Wildlife Refuge, Lewistown, MT 59457 USA. Alberta Environm, Edmonton, AB T5K 2J6, Canada. Univ Wyoming, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Dept Vet Sci, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Naugle, DE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Coll Forestry & Conervat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM dnaugle@forestry.umt.edu RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011; Boyce, Mark/A-2620-2014 OI Boyce, Mark/0000-0001-5811-325X NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 616 EP 623 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[616:WNVASW]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 974FV UT WOS:000232577600023 ER PT J AU White, TH Abreu-Gonzalez, W Toledo-Gonzalez, M Torres-Baez, P AF White, TH Abreu-Gonzalez, W Toledo-Gonzalez, M Torres-Baez, P TI From the Field: Artificial nest cavities for Amazona parrots SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material DE Amazona; artificial nests; nesting; parrot; polyvinyl chloride; Puerto Rico ID SUCCESS C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. RP White, TH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Box 1600, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. EM Thomas_White@fws.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 756 EP 760 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[756:FTFANC]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 974FV UT WOS:000232577600041 ER PT J AU Stanley, TR Richard, JD AF Stanley, TR Richard, JD TI Software Review: A program for testing capture-recapture data for closure SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Software Review DE capture-recapture; chi-square test; CloseTest; closure test; population estimation; software ID ESTIMATING ANIMAL ABUNDANCE; MARKED ANIMALS; SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS AB Capture-recapture methods are widely used to estimate population parameters of free-ranging animals. Closed-population capture-recapture models, which assume there are no additions to or losses from the population over the period of study (i.e., the closure assumption), are preferred for population estimation over the open-population models, which do not assume closure, because heterogeneity in detection probabilities can be accounted for and this improves estimates. In this paper we introduce CloseTest, a new Microsoft (R) Windows-based program that computes the Otis et al. (1978) and Stanley and Burnham (1999) closure tests for capture-recapture data sets. Information on CloseTest features and where to obtain the program are provided. C1 United State Geol Survey, Fr Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP United State Geol Survey, Fr Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tom_stanley@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 782 EP 785 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[782:SRAPFT]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 974FV UT WOS:000232577600044 ER PT J AU Dreitz, VJ Wunder, MB Knopf, FL AF Dreitz, VJ Wunder, MB Knopf, FL TI Movements and home ranges of Mountain Plovers raising broods in three Colorado landscapes SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CHARADRIUS-MONTANUS; HABITAT; POPULATION; ESTIMATORS; SURVIVAL; FOREST AB We report movements and home-range sizes of adult Mountain Plovers (Charadrius montanus) with broods on rangeland, agricultural fields, and prairie dog habitats in eastern Colorado. Estimates of home range size (95% fixed kernel) were similar across the three habitats: rangeland (146.1 ha +/- 101.5), agricultural fields (131.6 ha +/- 74.4), and prairie dog towns (243.3 ha +/- 366.3). Our minimum convex polygon estimates of home-range size were comparable to those on rangeland reported by Knopf and Rupert (1996). In addition, movements-defined as the distance between consecutive locations of adults with broods-were equivalent across habitats. However, our findings on prairie dog habitat suggest that home-range size for brood rearing may be related to whether the prairie dog habitat is in a complex of towns or in an isolated town. C1 Colorado State Univ, Colorado Nat Hertiage Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Dreitz, VJ (reprint author), Colorado Div Wildlife, 317 W Prospect St, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Victoria.Dreitz@state.co.us NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 117 IS 2 BP 128 EP 132 DI 10.1676/03-116 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 939ES UT WOS:000230055800002 ER PT J AU Hogeweg, N Keith, TEC Colvard, EM Ingebritsen, SE AF Hogeweg, N Keith, TEC Colvard, EM Ingebritsen, SE TI Ongoing hydrothermal heat loss from the 1912 ash-flow sheet, Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes; heat loss; ash-flow ID KATMAI-NATIONAL-PARK; TEN-THOUSAND-SMOKES; ERUPTION AB The June 1912 eruption of Novarupta filled nearby glacial valleys on the Alaska Peninsula with ash-flow tuff (ignimbrite), and post-eruption observations of thousands of steaming fumaroles led to the name `Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes' (VTTS). By the late 1980s most fumarolic activity had ceased, but the discovery of thermal springs in mid-valley in 1987 suggested continued cooling of the ash-flow sheet. Data collected at the mid-valley springs between 1987 and 2001 show a statistically significant correlation between maximum observed chloride (Cl) concentration and temperature. These data also show a statistically significant decline in the maximum Cl concentration. The observed variation in stream chemistry across the sheet strongly implies that most solutes, including Cl, originate within the area of the VTTS occupied by the 1912 deposits. Numerous measurements of Cl flux in the Ukak River just below the ash-flow sheet suggest an ongoing heat loss of similar to 250 MW. This represents one of the largest hydrothermal heat discharges in North America. Other hydrothermal discharges of comparable magnitude are related to heat obtained from silicic magma bodies at depth, and are quasi-steady on a multidecadal time scale. However, the VTTS hydrothermal flux is not obviously related to a magma body and is clearly declining. Available data provide reasonable boundary and initial conditions for simple transient modeling. Both an analytical, conduction-only model and a numerical model predict large rates of heat loss from the sheet 90 years after deposition. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Utrecht, Fac Earth Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Ingebritsen, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM seingebr@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 143 IS 4 BP 279 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.003 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 941PT UT WOS:000230227400003 ER PT J AU Harris, A Pirie, D Horton, K Garbeil, H Pilger, E Ramm, H Hoblitt, R Thornber, C Ripepe, M Marchetti, E Poggi, P AF Harris, A Pirie, D Horton, K Garbeil, H Pilger, E Ramm, H Hoblitt, R Thornber, C Ripepe, M Marchetti, E Poggi, P TI DUCKS: Low cost thermal monitoring units for near-vent deployment SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE volcano thermal monitoring; instrumentation; Kilauea; Stromboli AB During 1999 we designed and tested a thermal monitoring system to provide a cheap, robust, modular, real-time system capable of surviving the hostile conditions encountered proximal to active volcanic vents. In November 2000 the first system was deployed at Pu'u 'O'o (Kilauea, Hawaii) to target persistently active vents. Aside from some minor problems, such as sensor damage due to tampering, this system remained operational until January 2004. The success of the prototype system led us to use the blueprint for a second installation at Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, Italy). This was deployed, dug into a bomb-proof bunker, during May 2002 and survived the April 2003 paroxysmal eruption despite being located just 250 m from the vent. In both cases, careful waterproofing of connectors and selection of suitable protection has prevented water damage and corrosion in the harsh atmosphere encountered at the crater rim. The Pu'u 'O'o system cost similar to US$10,000 and comprises four modules: sensors, transmission and power hub, repeater station and reception site. The sensor component consists of three thermal infrared thermometers housed in Pelican (TM) cases fitted with Germanium-Arsenide-Selenium windows. Two 1 field of view (FOV) sensors allow specific vents to be targeted and a 60 FOV sensor provides a crater floor overview. A hard wire connection links to a Pelican (TM) -case-housed microprocessor, modem and power module. From here data are transmitted, via a repeater site, to a dedicated PC at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. Here data are displayed with a delay of similar to 3s between acquisition and display. The modular design allows for great flexibility. At Stromboli, 1 and 15 FOV sensor modules can be switched depending changes in activity style and crater geometry. In addition a direct line of site to the Stromboli reception center negates the repeater site requirement, reducing the cost to US$5500 for a single sensor system. We have also constructed self-contained units with internal data loggers for US$1500/unit. These have been tested at Kilauea, Stromboli, Etna, Masaya, Santiaguito, Fuego, Pacaya, Poas, Soufriere Hills, Villarrica and Erta Ale. These instruments have proved capable of detecting thermal signals associated with: (1) gas emission; (2) gas jetting events; (3) crater floor collapse; (4) lava effusion; (5) lava flow in tubes; (6) lava lake activity; (7) lava dome activity; and (8) crater lake skin temperature. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, HIGP SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-50121 Florence, Italy. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Harris, A (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, HIGP SOEST, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM harris@higp.hawaii.edu RI Marchetti, Emanuele/P-8916-2014; OI Thornber, Carl/0000-0002-6382-4408; Ripepe, Maurizio/0000-0002-1787-5618 NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 143 IS 4 BP 335 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.007 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 941PT UT WOS:000230227400006 ER PT J AU Mallinson, D Riggs, S Thieler, ER Culver, S Farrell, K Foster, DS Corbett, DR Horton, B Wehmiller, JF AF Mallinson, D Riggs, S Thieler, ER Culver, S Farrell, K Foster, DS Corbett, DR Horton, B Wehmiller, JF TI Late Neogene and Quaternary evolution of the northern Albemarle Embayment (mid-Atlantic continental margin, USA) SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE seismic stratigraphy; Albemarle embayment; coastal evolution; incised valley-fill; estuary ID SEA-LEVEL RECORD; GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK; AGE CALIBRATION; ESTUARY; CAROLINA; SHELF; SEDIMENTATION; SHOREFACE; VIRGINIA; HISTORY AB Seismic surveys in the eastern Albemarle Sound, adjacent tributaries and the inner continental shelf define the regional geologic framework and provide insight into the sedimentary evolution of the northern North Carolina coastal system. Litho- and chronostratigraphic data are derived from eight drill sites on the Outer Banks barrier islands, and the Mobil #1 well in eastern Albemarle Sound. Within the study area, parallel-bedded, gently dipping Miocene beds occur at 95 to > 160 m below sea level (m bsl), and are overlain by a southward-thickening Pliocene unit characterized by steeply inclined, southward-prograding beds. The lower Pliocene unit consists of three seismic sequences. The 55-60 m thick Quaternary section unconformably overlies the Pliocene unit, and consists of 18 seismic sequences exhibiting numerous incised channel-fill facies. Shallow stratigraphy (< 40 m bsl) is dominated by complex fill patterns within the incised paleo-Roanoke River valley. Radiocarbon and amino-acid racemization (AAR) ages indicate that the valley-fill is latest Pleistocene to Holocene in age. At least six distinct valley-fill units are identified in the seismic data. Cores in the valley-fill contain a 3-6 m thick basal fluvial channel deposit that is overlain by a 15 m thick unit of interlaminated muds and sands of brackish water origin that exhibit increasing marine influence upwards. Organic materials within the interlaminated deposits have ages of 13-11 cal. ka. The interlaminated deposits within the valley are overlain by several units that comprise shallow marine sediments (bay-mouth and shoreface environments) that consist of silty, fine- to medium-grained sands containing open neritic foraminifera, suggesting that this area lacked a fronting barrier island system and was an open embayment from -10 ka to -4.5 ka. Seismic data show that initial infilling of the paleo-Roanoke River valley occurred from the north and west during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. Later infilling occurred from the south and east and is characterized by a large shoal body (Colington Island and Shoals) and adjacent inlet fill. Establishment of a continuous barrier island system across the bay-mouth resulted in deposition of the latest phase of valley-fill, characterized by estuarine organic-rich muds. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. N Carolina Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Sea Level Res Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Geol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Mallinson, D (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM mallinsond@mail.ecu.du OI thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717 NR 39 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 217 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2005.02.030 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 931PD UT WOS:000229496400005 ER PT J AU Xu, GP Frey, FA Clague, DA Weis, D Beeson, MH AF Xu, GP Frey, FA Clague, DA Weis, D Beeson, MH TI East Molokai and other Kea-trend volcanoes: Magmatic processes and sources as they migrate away from the Hawaiian hot spot SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE East Molokai; Hawaii plume; postshield stage; rejuvenated stage; Sr, Nd, Pb isotope; trace elements; geochemistry : magma genesis and partial melting; geochemistry : mantle processes; geochemistry : composition of the mantle; geochemistry : major and trace element geochemistry; geochemistry : radiogenic isotope geochemistry ID SCIENTIFIC DRILLING PROJECT; TRACE-ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY; PB ISOTOPE EVOLUTION; POTASSIUM-ARGON AGES; HALEAKALA VOLCANO; KILAUEA VOLCANO; KOHALA VOLCANO; KOOLAU VOLCANO; MAJOR-ELEMENT; NORTH ARCH AB There are geochemical differences between shield lavas from the two parallel trends, Kea and Loa, defined by young Hawaiian volcanoes. The shield of East Molokai volcano, at greater than 1.5 Ma, is the oldest volcano on the Kea trend. Sequences of older tholeiitic to younger alkalic basalt that erupted as this volcano evolved from the shield to postshield stage of volcanism are well exposed. Much younger, similar to 0.34-0.57 Ma, alkalic basalt and basanite erupted during rejuvenated stage volcanism. Like rejuvenated stage lavas erupted at other Hawaiian volcanoes, rejuvenated stage East Molokai lavas have relatively low (87)Sr/(86)Sr and high (143)Nd/(144)Nd. Such ratios reflect a source component with a long-term depletion in abundance of incompatible elements. On the basis of positive correlations of (87)Sr/(86)Sr versus (206)Pb/(204)Pb and negative correlations of these isotopic ratios with Nb/Zr, a smaller proportion of this depleted component also contributed to the late shield/postshield lavas erupted at East Molokai and the other Kea-trend volcanoes, Haleakala and Mauna Kea. At each of these Kea-trend volcanoes, as the volcano moved away from the hot spot, the extent of melting and magma supply from the mantle decreased, the depth of melt segregation increased, and there was an increasing role for a component with long-term relative depletion in incompatible elements. This depleted component has Kea-trend Pb isotopic characteristics and relatively low (208)Pb/(204)Pb at a given (206)Pb/(204)Pb, and it is probably not related to oceanic lithosphere or the source of mid-ocean ridge basalt. The overlap in Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope ratios of recent Kilauea shield lavas and 550 ka Mauna Kea shield lavas has been used to argue that Kea-trend shield volcanism samples a vertically continuous, geochemically distinct stripe which persisted in the hot spot source for 550 kyr (Eisele et al., 2003; Abouchami et al., 2005). As Kea-trend volcanoes migrate away from the hot spot and evolve from the shield to postshield stage, there are systematic changes in Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope ratios. However, the overlap of Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope ratios in late shield/postshield lavas from Mauna Kea (<350 ka) and East Molokai (similar to 1.5 Ma) show that the periphery of the hot spot sampled by Kea-trend postshield lavas also had long-term geochemical homogeneity. C1 MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Univ British Columbia, Pacific Ctr Isotop & Geochem Res, Dept Earth Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Xu, GP (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Room 54-1226, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM gpxu@mit.edu RI Xu, Guangping/A-5251-2009; Weis, Dominique/Q-7658-2016 OI Weis, Dominique/0000-0002-6638-5543 NR 92 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD MAY 28 PY 2005 VL 6 AR Q05008 DI 10.1029/2004GC000830 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 935IL UT WOS:000229774300001 ER PT J AU Ma, KF Chan, CH Stein, RS AF Ma, KF Chan, CH Stein, RS TI Response of seismicity to Coulomb stress triggers and shadows of the 1999 M-w=7.6 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL EARTHQUAKES; SOURCE PARAMETERS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; JANUARY-DECEMBER; FAULT; PROBABILITIES; AFTERSHOCKS; MAGNITUDE; SEQUENCES; JAPAN AB The correlation between static Coulomb stress increases and aftershocks has thus far provided the strongest evidence that stress changes promote seismicity, a correlation that the Chi-Chi earthquake well exhibits. Several studies have deepened the argument by resolving stress changes on aftershock focal mechanisms, which removes the assumption that the aftershocks are optimally oriented for failure. Here one compares the percentage of planes on which failure is promoted after the main shock relative to the percentage beforehand. For Chi-Chi we find a 28% increase for thrust and an 18% increase for strike-slip mechanisms, commensurate with increases reported for other large main shocks. However, perhaps the chief criticism of static stress triggering is the difficulty in observing predicted seismicity rate decreases in the stress shadows, or sites of Coulomb stress decrease. Detection of sustained drops in seismicity rate demands a long catalog with a low magnitude of completeness and a high seismicity rate, conditions that are met at Chi-Chi. We find four lobes with statistically significant seismicity rate declines of 40-90% for 50 months, and they coincide with the stress shadows calculated for strike-slip faults, the dominant faulting mechanism. The rate drops are evident in uniform cell calculations, 100-month time series, and by visual inspection of the M >= 3 seismicity. An additional reason why detection of such declines has proven so rare emerges from this study: there is a widespread increase in seismicity rate during the first 3 months after Chi-Chi, and perhaps many other main shocks, that might be associated with a different mechanism. C1 Natl Cent Univ, Inst Geophys, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ma, KF (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Inst Geophys, 100 Chung Da Rd, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. EM fong@earth.ncu.edu.tw; rstein@usgs.gov RI Ma, Kuo-Fong/H-1445-2012 NR 44 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 28 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B5 AR B05S19 DI 10.1029/2004JB003389 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 935JJ UT WOS:000229777100002 ER PT J AU Oremland, RS Kulp, TR Blum, JS Hoeft, SE Baesman, S Miller, LG Stolz, JF AF Oremland, RS Kulp, TR Blum, JS Hoeft, SE Baesman, S Miller, LG Stolz, JF TI A microbial arsenic cycle in a salt-saturated, extreme environment SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MONO LAKE WATER; DEAD-SEA; CALIFORNIA; REDUCTION; SEDIMENTS; BACTERIA; SULFATE; ECOLOGY AB Searles Lake is a salt-saturated, alkaline brine unusually rich in the toxic element arsenic. Arsenic speciation changed from arsenate [As(V)] to arsenite (As(III)) with sediment depth. Incubated anoxic sediment slurries displayed dissimilatory As(V)-reductase activity that was markedly stimulated by H-2 or sulfide, whereas aerobic slurries had rapid As(III)-oxidase activity. An anaerobic, extremely haloalkaliphilic bacterium was isolated from the sediment that grew via As(V) respiration, using either lactate or sulfide as its electron donor. Hence, a full biogeochemical cycle of arsenic occurs in Searles Lake, driven in part by inorganic electron donors. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 480,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM roremlan@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 95 Z9 103 U1 9 U2 57 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 27 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5726 BP 1305 EP 1308 DI 10.1126/science.1110832 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 931JT UT WOS:000229482300046 PM 15919992 ER PT J AU Hough, SE Bilham, R Ambraseys, N Feldl, N AF Hough, SE Bilham, R Ambraseys, N Feldl, N TI Revisiting the 1897 Shillong and 1905 Kangra earthquakes in northern India: Site response, Moho reflections and a triggered earthquake SO CURRENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GROUND MOTIONS; ASSAM EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; HIMALAYA; LANDERS AB Re-evaluated intensity distributions for the 1897 M-w 8.0 Shillong and the 1905 M-w 7.8 Kangra earthquakes, combined with geodetic constraints on rupture geometries, allow us to compare observed distributions of intensity with theoretically predicted shaking. The difference between predicted and observed shaking is interpreted in terms of the site response of the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins. These comparisons identify regions of enhanced shaking along main rivers, revealing amplifications of 1-2 intensity units, roughly an amplification of 2-4 in acceleration. We also rind two unexpected results in our analysis of the Kangra earthquake: (i) The epicentral region is surrounded by a halo of enhanced intensity at 150-200 km radius and (ii) The Dehra Dun region was the locus of a broad region of anomalously high intensities. We interpret the former result as the signal from post-critical Moho reflections and the latter observation as a probable second large earthquake (M > 7) at 30-50 km depth triggered within minutes of the 1905 main shock. These results have important consequences from future earthquakes in the Himalaya. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earthquake Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@usgs.gov OI Bilham, Roger/0000-0002-5547-4102 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU CURRENT SCIENCE ASSN PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, PO BOX 8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0011-3891 J9 CURR SCI INDIA JI Curr. Sci. PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 88 IS 10 BP 1632 EP 1638 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 934TG UT WOS:000229730700026 ER PT J AU Mooney, WD Rao, VV Reddy, PR Chulick, GS Detweiler, ST AF Mooney, WD Rao, VV Reddy, PR Chulick, GS Detweiler, ST TI Comparison of the deep crustal structure and seismicity of North America with the Indian subcontinent SO CURRENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DELHI-FOLD BELT; NORTHWESTERN INDIA; SHIELD; MANTLE; REFLECTION; EVOLUTION; CANADA; COLLISION; BENEATH AB We summarize geophysical information from North America and India, and find many similarities in the deep crustal structure of the two continents. From this, we infer that similar processes have operated, particularly in the accretion and stabilization of the cratonic regions. Seismic images and other data suggest that plate tectonic processes have been active, both in the North American and Indian shields, since the late Archean. Precambrian orogens and high-pressure granulite terrains of both regions have developed nearly identically through time since about 2500 Ma. Such similarities invite direct comparisons of deep crustal structure. Here we present results from work in North America including: maps of crustal thickness, maps of average P-wave velocity of the crystalline crust, maps of average P-n (sub-Moho) velocity, and statistical analysis of crustal properties. C1 Natl Geophys Res Inst, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA. RP Rao, VV (reprint author), Natl Geophys Res Inst, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM vijayraov@yahoo.co.in NR 44 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CURRENT SCIENCE ASSN PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, PO BOX 8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0011-3891 J9 CURR SCI INDIA JI Curr. Sci. PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 88 IS 10 BP 1639 EP 1651 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 934TG UT WOS:000229730700027 ER PT J AU Toda, S Stein, RS Richards-Dinger, K Bozkurt, SB AF Toda, S Stein, RS Richards-Dinger, K Bozkurt, SB TI Forecasting the evolution of seismicity in southern California: Animations built on earthquake stress transfer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID HECTOR MINE EARTHQUAKE; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; 1992 LANDERS; M-W; POSTSEISMIC DEFORMATION; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; FOCAL MECHANISMS; PORE-PRESSURE; MOJAVE DESERT; AFTERSHOCKS AB [1] We develop a forecast model to reproduce the distribution of main shocks, aftershocks and surrounding seismicity observed during 1986 - 2003 in a 300 x 310 km area centered on the 1992 M = 7.3 Landers earthquake. To parse the catalog into frames with equal numbers of aftershocks, we animate seismicity in log time increments that lengthen after each main shock; this reveals aftershock zone migration, expansion, and densification. We implement a rate/state algorithm that incorporates the static stress transferred by each M >= 6 shock and then evolves. Coulomb stress changes amplify the background seismicity, so small stress changes produce large changes in seismicity rate in areas of high background seismicity. Similarly, seismicity rate declines in the stress shadows are evident only in areas with previously high seismicity rates. Thus a key constituent of the model is the background seismicity rate, which we smooth from 1981 to 1986 seismicity. The mean correlation coefficient between observed and predicted M >= 1.4 shocks ( the minimum magnitude of completeness) is 0.52 for 1986 - 2003 and 0.63 for 1992 - 2003; a control standard aftershock model yields 0.54 and 0.52 for the same periods. Four M >= 6.0 shocks struck during the test period; three are located at sites where the expected seismicity rate falls above the 92 percentile, and one is located above the 75 percentile. The model thus reproduces much, but certainly not all, of the observed spatial and temporal seismicity, from which we infer that the decaying effect of stress transferred by successive main shocks influences seismicity for decades. Finally, we offer a M >= 5 earthquake forecast for 2005 - 2015, assigning probabilities to 324 10 x 10 km cells. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Act Fault Res Ctr, Geol Survey Japan, Agcy Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 2058567, Japan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USN, Geothermal Program Off, Air Weap Stn, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Toda, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Act Fault Res Ctr, Geol Survey Japan, Agcy Ind Sci & Technol, Site 7,1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 2058567, Japan. EM rstein@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 261 Z9 277 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B5 AR B05S16 DI 10.1029/2004JB003415 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 935JH UT WOS:000229776800003 ER PT J AU Magirl, CS Webb, RH Griffiths, PG AF Magirl, CS Webb, RH Griffiths, PG TI Changes in the water surface profile of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona, between 1923 and 2000 SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB [1] In 1923, a U. S. Geological Survey expedition surveyed the water surface profile of the Colorado River through Grand Canyon with theodolite and stadia rod. In 2000, lidar overflights collected topographic data centered on the river corridor, allowing construction of a new water surface profile and detection of change in the profile since 1923. By registering the surveys with respect to each other on the basis of 11 locations that were independently determined to have been unchanged between 1923 and 2000, 80 rapids were directly compared for change between 1923 and 2000. The average change for all measured rapids was + 0.26 m, indicating net aggradation of the coarse-grained alluvium forming the rapids throughout Grand Canyon. In addition, comparison of the two water surface profiles showed enhanced pool-and-rapid morphology. While 50% of the total drop of the river occurred in just 9% of the river distance in 1923, that value increased to 66% by 2000. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Magirl, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1675 W Anklam Rd, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. EM magirl@usgs.gov; rhwebb@usgs.gov; pggriffi@usgs.gov OI Magirl, Christopher/0000-0002-9922-6549 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 24 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 AR W05021 DI 10.1029/2003WR002519 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 935KA UT WOS:000229779000001 ER PT J AU Hechinger, RF Lafferty, KD AF Hechinger, RF Lafferty, KD TI Host diversity begets parasite diversity: bird final hosts and trematodes in snail intermediate hosts SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE diversity; community structure; spatial heterogeneity; recruitment; parasites; Cerithidea californica ID MUDSNAIL HYDROBIA-VENTROSA; CERITHIDEA-CALIFORNICA; LARVAL TREMATODES; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; INTERTIDAL GASTROPODS; DEFINITIVE HOSTS; MARINE SNAIL; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; PROSOBRANCHIA AB An unappreciated facet of biodiversity is that rich communities and high abundance may foster parasitism. For parasites that sequentially use different host species throughout complex life cycles, parasite diversity and abundance in 'downstream' hosts should logically increase with the diversity and abundance of,upstream' hosts (which carry the preceding stages of parasites). Surprisingly, this logical assumption has little empirical support, especially regarding metazoan parasites. Few studies have attempted direct tests of this idea and most have lacked the appropriate scale of investigation. In two different studies, we used time-lapse videography to quantify birds at fine spatial scales, and then related bird communities to larval trematode communities in snail populations sampled at the same small spatial scales. Species richness, species heterogeneity and abundance of final host birds were positively correlated with species richness, species heterogeneity and abundance of trematodes in host snails. Such community-level interactions have rarely been demonstrated and have implications for community theory, epidemiological theory and ecosystem management. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Marine Sci Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Hechinger, RF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Marine Sci Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM hechinge@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; Hechinger, Ryan/F-6754-2010 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; NR 51 TC 162 Z9 169 U1 10 U2 76 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAY 22 PY 2005 VL 272 IS 1567 BP 1059 EP 1066 DI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3070 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 941GS UT WOS:000230203900011 PM 16024365 ER PT J AU Thompson, BD Young, RP Lockner, DA AF Thompson, BD Young, RP Lockner, DA TI Observations of premonitory acoustic emission and slip nucleation during a stick slip experiment in smooth faulted Westerly granite SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOMENT TENSOR; RUPTURE; DEFORMATION; CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKE; INVERSION; SEQUENCE AB To investigate laboratory earthquakes, stick-slip events were induced on a saw-cut Westerly granite sample by triaxial loading at 150 MPa confining pressure. Acoustic emissions (AE) were monitored using an innovative continuous waveform recorder. The first motion of each stick slip was recorded as a large-amplitude AE signal. These events source locate onto the saw-cut fault plane, implying that they represent the nucleation sites of the dynamic failure stick-slip events. The precise location of nucleation varied between events and was probably controlled by heterogeneity of stress or surface conditions on the fault. The initial nucleation diameter of each dynamic instability was inferred to be less than 3 mm. A small number of AE were recorded prior to each macro slip event. For the second and third slip events, premonitory AE source mechanisms mimic the large scale fault plane geometry. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Liverpool L69 3GP, Merseyside, England. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Toronto, Lassonde Inst, Toronto, ON M5S 3E3, Canada. RP Thompson, BD (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, 4 Brownlow St, Liverpool L69 3GP, Merseyside, England. EM b.thompson@liv.ac.uk NR 16 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 10 AR L10304 DI 10.1029/2005GL022750 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 932WI UT WOS:000229584800006 ER PT J AU Lay, T Kanamori, H Ammon, CJ Nettles, M Ward, SN Aster, RC Beck, SL Bilek, SL Brudzinski, MR Butler, R DeShon, HR Ekstrom, G Satake, K Sipkin, S AF Lay, T Kanamori, H Ammon, CJ Nettles, M Ward, SN Aster, RC Beck, SL Bilek, SL Brudzinski, MR Butler, R DeShon, HR Ekstrom, G Satake, K Sipkin, S TI The great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 26 December 2004 SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUBDUCTION ZONES; SOURCE MECHANISM; RUPTURE PROCESS; ARC; RADIATION; INDONESIA; MOTION AB The two largest earthquakes of the past 40 years ruptured a 1600-kitometer-long portion of the fault boundary between the Indo-Australian and southeastern Eurasian plates on 26 December 2004 [seismic moment magnitude (M(W)) = 9.1 to 9.3] and 28 March 2005 (M(W) = 8.6). The first event generated a tsunami that caused more than 283,000 deaths. Fault slip of up to 15 meters occurred near Banda Aceh, Sumatra, but to the north, along the Nicobar and Andaman Islands, rapid slip was much smaller. Tsunami and geodetic observations indicate that additional slow slip occurred in the north over a time scale of 50 minutes or longer. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Geophys Res Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. IRIS Consortium, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lay, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM thorne@pmc.ucsc.edu RI Brudzinski, Michael/A-8301-2011; Satake, Kenji/E-2312-2011; Nettles, Meredith/A-8638-2012; Ekstrom, Goran/C-9771-2012; Aster, Richard/E-5067-2013 OI Satake, Kenji/0000-0002-3368-3085; Ekstrom, Goran/0000-0001-6410-275X; Aster, Richard/0000-0002-0821-4906 NR 34 TC 554 Z9 583 U1 32 U2 253 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5725 BP 1127 EP 1133 DI 10.1126/science.1112250 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 928TA UT WOS:000229293400033 PM 15905392 ER PT J AU Ammon, CJ Ji, C Thio, HK Robinson, D Ni, SD Hjorleifsdottir, V Kanamori, H Lay, T Das, S Helmberger, D Ichinose, G Polet, J Wald, D AF Ammon, CJ Ji, C Thio, HK Robinson, D Ni, SD Hjorleifsdottir, V Kanamori, H Lay, T Das, S Helmberger, D Ichinose, G Polet, J Wald, D TI Rupture process of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 1999 HECTOR MINE; BODY-WAVES; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; CALIFORNIA; INVERSION; LANDERS; MODEL; DECONVOLUTION; DIRECTIVITY; DIVERSITY AB The 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake initiated slowly, with small slip and a slow rupture speed for the first 40 to 60 seconds. Then the rupture expanded at a speed of about 2.5 kilometers per second toward the north northwest, extending 1200 to 1300 kilometers along the Andaman trough. Peak displacements reached &SIM; 15 meters along a 600-kilometer segment of the plate boundary offshore of northwestern Sumatra and the southern Nicobar islands. Slip was less in the northern 400 to 500 kilometers of the aftershock zone, and at least some slip in that region may have occurred on a time scale beyond the seismic band. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. URS Corp, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. Univ Sci & Technol China, Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Crust Mantle Mat & Environm, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Crustal Studies, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl EArthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ammon, CJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, 440 Deike Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM cammon@geosc.psu.edu RI Ichinose, Gene/I-4420-2016; OI Ichinose, Gene/0000-0003-2081-9825; hjorleifsdottir, vala/0000-0003-3275-108X; Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 NR 30 TC 380 Z9 405 U1 7 U2 58 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5725 BP 1133 EP 1139 DI 10.1126/science.1112260 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 928TA UT WOS:000229293400034 PM 15905393 ER PT J AU West, M Sanchez, JJ McNutt, SR AF West, M Sanchez, JJ McNutt, SR TI Periodically triggered seismicity at Mount Wrangell, Alaska, after the Sumatra earthquake SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DENALI FAULT EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; LANDERS AB As surface waves from the 26 December 2004 earthquake in Sumatra swept across Alaska, they triggered an 11-minute swarm of 14 local earthquakes near Mount Wrangell, almost 11,000 kilometers away. Earthquakes occurred at intervals of 20 to 30 seconds, in phase with the largest positive vertical ground displacements during the Rayleigh surface waves. We were able to observe this correlation because of the combination of unusually long surface waves and seismic stations near the local earthquakes. This phase of Rayleigh wave motion was dominated by horizontal extensional stresses reaching 25 kilopascals. These observations imply that local events were triggered by simple shear failure on normal faults. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP West, M (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM west@gi.alaska.edu NR 15 TC 90 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5725 BP 1144 EP 1146 DI 10.1126/science.1112462 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 928TA UT WOS:000229293400036 PM 15905395 ER PT J AU Circone, S Kirby, SH Stern, LA AF Circone, S Kirby, SH Stern, LA TI Direct measurement of methane hydrate composition along the hydrate equilibrium boundary SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID HEAT-CAPACITIES; WATER; DISSOCIATION; CALORIMETER; ENTHALPIES; ETHANE; 270-K; ICE AB The composition of methane hydrate, namely n(w) for CH(4)(.)n(w)H(2)O, was directly measured along the hydrate equilibrium boundary under conditions of excess methane gas. Pressure and temperature conditions ranged from 1.9 to 9.7 MPa and 263 to 285 K. Within experimental error, there is no change in hydrate composition with increasing pressure along the equilibrium boundary, but nw may show a slight systematic decrease away from this boundary. A hydrate stoichiometry of n(w) = 5.81-6.10 H2O describes the entire range of measured values, with an average composition of CH(4)(.)5.99(+/- 0.07)H2O along the equilibrium boundary. These results, consistent with previously measured values, are discussed with respect to the widely ranging values obtained by thermodynamic analysis. The relatively constant composition of methane hydrate over the geologically relevant pressure and temperature range investigated suggests that in situ methane hydrate compositions may be estimated with some confidence. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM lstern@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 19 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 19 BP 9468 EP 9475 DI 10.1021/jp0504874 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 926PB UT WOS:000229134000042 PM 16852137 ER PT J AU Gerstenberger, MC Wiemer, S Jones, LM Reasenberg, PA AF Gerstenberger, MC Wiemer, S Jones, LM Reasenberg, PA TI Real-time forecasts of tomorrow's earthquakes in California SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID AFTERSHOCK HAZARD; M-W AB Despite a lack of reliable deterministic earthquake precursors, seismologists have significant predictive information about earthquake activity from an increasingly accurate understanding of the clustering properties of earthquakes(1-4). In the past 15 years, time-dependent earthquake probabilities based on a generic short-term clustering model have been made publicly available in near-real time during major earthquake sequences. These forecasts describe the probability and number of events that are, on average, likely to occur following a mainshock of a given magnitude, but are not tailored to the particular sequence at hand and contain no information about the likely locations of the aftershocks. Our model builds upon the basic principles of this generic forecast model in two ways: it recasts the forecast in terms of the probability of strong ground shaking, and it combines an existing time-independent earthquake occurrence model based on fault data and historical earthquakes(5) with increasingly complex models describing the local time-dependent earthquake clustering(1,2). The result is a time-dependent map showing the probability of strong shaking anywhere in California within the next 24 hours. The seismic hazard modelling approach we describe provides a better understanding of time-dependent earthquake hazard, and increases its usefulness for the public, emergency planners and the media. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. ETH, Inst Geophys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gerstenberger, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM mattg@usgs.gov RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Wiemer, Stefan/E-5033-2015 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; NR 16 TC 136 Z9 141 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 19 PY 2005 VL 435 IS 7040 BP 328 EP 331 DI 10.1038/nature03622 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 927HM UT WOS:000229185000042 PM 15902254 ER PT J AU Farrand, WH Gaddis, LR Keszthelyi, L AF Farrand, WH Gaddis, LR Keszthelyi, L TI Pitted cones and domes on Mars: Observations in Acidalia Planitia and Cydonia Mensae using MOC, THEMIS, and TES data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN PLAINS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; GROUND ICE; ATMOSPHERE; GEOMORPHOLOGY; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; LOWLANDS; CRATERS; HISTORY AB Domes and cones with summit pits located in Acidalia Planitia and Cydonia Mensae were studied using MOC and THEMIS images and a TES-derived thermal inertia map. North of 40.5 degrees N latitude, the features have a dome-like morphology, and south of that latitude, the morphology is more cone-like. Layering is apparent in the summit craters of fresher looking southern cones, and asymmetric aprons were observed in some instances. Some of the northern domes also display layering in their summit craters, but asymmetric aprons were not observed. The northern domes can also display multiple summit pits or no summit pits at all and can occur in association with higher-albedo "pancake" features. The northern domes are higher in albedo but have apparent thermal inertias that are lower than the surrounding plains. The apparent thermal inertia values of the southern cones range from values comparable to the surrounding plains to slightly lower. From the TES thermal inertia map, we infer that the thermal inertia values of the pitted cones are between those of basaltic fine dust and sand, while those of the surrounding plains are closer to that of basaltic sand. While a unique interpretation of the origin of the pitted cones is not possible with the available data, we do not find compelling evidence to suggest an origin related to either basaltic volcanism or ground-ice. Instead, an origin for these features through some combination of mud volcanism and evaporite deposition around geysers and/or springs is most consistent with the observations. C1 Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Farrand, WH (reprint author), Space Sci Inst, 4750 Walnut St,Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM farrand@spacescience.org NR 75 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAY 17 PY 2005 VL 110 IS E5 AR E05005 DI 10.1029/2004JE002297 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 932WR UT WOS:000229585700001 ER PT J AU Iwanowicz, LR Lerner, DT Blazer, VS McCormick, SD AF Iwanowicz, LR Lerner, DT Blazer, VS McCormick, SD TI Aqueous exposure to Aroclor 1254 modulates the mitogenic response of Atlantic salmon anterior kidney T-cells: Indications of short- and long-term immunomodulation SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; Salmo salar; fish; Aroclor; PCB; AhR; mitogenesis; T-cell; immunomodulation ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; INDUCED SPLENOCYTE PROLIFERATION; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; RAINBOW-TROUT; IN-VITRO; IMMUNE FUNCTION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; DENDRITIC CELLS; AFLATOXIN B-1 AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exist as persistent organic pollutants in numerous river systems in the United States. Unfortunately, some of these rivers are sites of active Atlantic salmon restoration programs, and polychlorinated biphenyls have been implicated as ancillary factors contributing to failed salmon restoration. Here, we investigate the immediate and chronic effects of intermediate duration aqueous PCB exposure (1 or 10 μ g L-1 Aroclor 1254) on the mitogen-stimulated lymphoproliferative response of Atlantic salmon anterior kidney leukocytes (AKLs). A short-term study was designed to examine immunomodulation in Atlantic salmon smolts immediately following 21 days of aqueous exposure, while a long-term study evaluated chronic impacts in the mitogen response in parr 15 months post-exposure as larvae. The proliferative response of AKLs to the mitogens concanavalin A (CON A), phytohemaglutinnin-P (PHA-P), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and lipopolysaccharide were used as an indice of immunomodulation. The proliferative response to the T-cell mitogens CON A and PHA-P was significantly increased in the 10 μ g L-1 group (n = 10; P = 0.043 and 0.002, respectively) immediately following exposure of smolts. Additionally, The PHA-P response was significantly increased in the 1 μ g L-1 exposure group (n = 10, P = 0.036). In fish treated as larvae and tested 15 months later, the PHA-P sensitive populations exhibited elevated proliferation in the I and 10 μ g L-1 groups (n = 12, P < 0.04) relative to the vehicle control while the PWM response was significantly increased (n = 12, P = 0.036) only in the 10 μ g L-1 treated groups. These results demonstrate an immunomodulatory effect of PCBs on T-cell mitogen sensitive populations of lymphocytes in Atlantic salmon as well as long-term immunomodulation in PHA-P and PWM sensitive populations. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Iwanowicz, LR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM luke_iwanowicz@usgs.gov OI Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 NR 60 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 4 BP 305 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.01.006 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 926BI UT WOS:000229097300002 PM 15848250 ER PT J AU Bacon, CR Lowenstern, JB AF Bacon, CR Lowenstern, JB TI Late Pleistocene granodiorite source for recycled zircon and phenocrysts in rhyodacite lava at Crater Lake, Oregon SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE zircon; phenocrysts; antecrysts; rhyolite; U-Th disequilibrium; ion microprobe; Crater Lake ID PARTIALLY MELTED GRANODIORITE; CALCALKALINE MAGMA CHAMBER; U-PB AGES; SILICIC MAGMA; RESIDENCE TIMES; LONG-VALLEY; BISHOP-TUFF; NEW-ZEALAND; YELLOWSTONE CALDERA; RHYOLITIC MAGMA AB Rhyodacite tephra and three lavas erupted similar to 27 ka, interpreted to be early leaks from the climactic magma chamber of Mount Mazama, contain ubiquitous resorbed crystals (antecrysts) that were recycled from young granodiorite and related plutonic rocks of the same magmatic system. The shallow composite pluton is represented by blocks ejected in the 7.7-ka climactic eruption that formed Crater Lake caldera. Plagioclase crystals in both rhyodacite and granodiorites commonly have cores with crystallographically oriented Fe-oxide needles exsolved at subsolidus conditions. At least 80% of plagioclase crystals in the rhyodacite are antecrysts derived from plutonic rocks. Other crystals in the rhyodacite, notably zircon, also were recycled. SIMS U-238-Th-230 dating indicates that zircons in 4 granodiorite blocks crystallized at various times between similar to 20 ka and >= 300 ka with concentrations of analyses near 50-70, similar to 110, and similar to 200 ka that correspond to periods of dacitic volcanism dated by K-Ar. U-Th ages of zircon from a rhyodacite sample yield similar results. No analyzed zircons from the granodiorite or rhyodacite are pre-Quaternary. Zircon minimum ages in blocks from different locations around the caldera reflect ages of nearby volcanic vents and may map the distribution of intrusions within a composite pluton. Survival of zircon in zircon-undersaturated hydrous magma and of Fe-oxide needles in plagioclase suggests that little time elapsed from entrainment of antecrysts to the similar to 27-ka eruption of the rhyodacite. The similar to 27-ka rhyodacite is an example of young silicic magma that preserved unstable antecrysts from a known source early during growth of a large high-level magma chamber. In contrast, the voluminous 7.7-ka climactic rhyodacite pumice is virtually lacking in zircon, indicating dissolution of any granodioritic debris in the intervening period. Mineralogical evidence of assimilation may be destroyed in hot, vigorously growing silicic magma bodies such as ultimately produced the climactic eruption of Mount Mazama. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bacon, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cbacon@usgs.gov; jlwnstrn@usgs.gov OI Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779 NR 60 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 233 IS 3-4 BP 277 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.02.012 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 931ZA UT WOS:000229522800003 ER PT J AU Simon, NS AF Simon, NS TI Loosely bound oxytetracycline in riverine sediments from two tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; TETRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTICS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; FISH FARM; AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS; BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS; PERSISTENCE; WATER AB The fate of antibiotics that bind to riverine sediment is not well understood. A solution used in geochemical extraction schemes to determine loosely bound species in sediments, 1 M MgCl2 (pH 8), was chosen to determine loosely bound, and potentially bioavailable, tetracycline antibiotics (TCs), including oxytetracycline (5-OH tetracycline) (OTC) in sediment samples from two rivers on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake Bay. Bottom sediments were collected at sites upstream from, at, and downstream from municipal sewage-treatment plants (STPs) situated on two natural waterways, Yellow Bank Stream, MD, and the Pocomoke River, MD. Concentrations of easily desorbed OTC ranged from 0.6 to approximately 1.2 mu g g(-1) dry wt sediment in Yellow Bank Stream and from 0.7 to approximately 3.3,mu g g(-1) dry wt sediment in the Pocomoke River. Concentrations of easily desorbable OTC were generally smaller in sediment upstream than in sediment downstream from the STP in the Pocomoke River. STPs and poultry manure are both potential sources of OTC to these streams. OTC that is loosely bound to sediment is subject to desorption. Other researchers have found desorbed TICS to be biologically active compounds. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA USA. RP Simon, NS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA USA. EM nssimon@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 10 BP 3480 EP 3487 DI 10.1021/es049039k PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 927KV UT WOS:000229193700015 PM 15952351 ER PT J AU Reinecke, M Bjornsson, BT Dickhoff, WW McCormick, SD Navarro, I Power, DM Gutierrez, J AF Reinecke, M Bjornsson, BT Dickhoff, WW McCormick, SD Navarro, I Power, DM Gutierrez, J TI Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors in fish: Where we are and where to go SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Fish Endocrinology CY SEP 05-09, 2004 CL Univ Jaume I Castellon, Castellon, SPAIN HO Univ Jaume I Castellon DE growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors in fish ID BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; I IGF-I; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; BONY FISH; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION; CELLULAR-LOCALIZATION AB This communication summarizes viewpoints, discussion, perspectives, and questions, put forward at a workshop on "Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors in fish" held on September 7th, 2004, at the 5th international Symposium on Fish Endocrinology in Castellon, Spain. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Zurich, Inst Anat, Div Neuroendocrinol, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Zool Zoophysiol, Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA USA. USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Dept Fisiol, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Algarve, Ctr Marine Sci, Faro, Portugal. RP Reinecke, M (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Anat, Div Neuroendocrinol, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. EM reinecke@anatom.unizh.ch RI Bjornsson, Bjorn/B-9161-2008; Navarro, Isabel/L-9318-2014; Gutierrez, Joaquim/H-2836-2015; OI Bjornsson, Bjorn/0000-0002-1310-9756; Navarro, Isabel/0000-0002-2641-0361; Gutierrez, Joaquim/0000-0002-3126-2236; Power, Deborah/0000-0003-1366-0246 NR 52 TC 173 Z9 191 U1 3 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 142 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 20 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.01.016 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 923KG UT WOS:000228908200003 PM 15862544 ER PT J AU Yada, T Muto, K Azuma, T Hyodo, S Schreck, CB AF Yada, T Muto, K Azuma, T Hyodo, S Schreck, CB TI Cortisol stimulates growth hormone gene expression in rainbow trout leucocytes in vitro SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Fish Endocrinology CY SEP 05-09, 2004 CL Univ Jaume I Castellon, Castellon, SPAIN HO Univ Jaume I Castellon DE cAMP; cortisol; gene expression; growth hormone; immune system; leucocyte; T3; trout ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; THYROID-HORMONES; PITUITARY-CELLS; GH GENE; PROLACTIN; PROMOTER; RELEASE; SALMON; STRESS AB Extrapituitary expression of the growth hormone (GH) gene has been reported for the immune system of various vertebrates. In the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), GH mRNA Could be detected in several lymphoid organs and leucocytes by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). TO understand the control of GH expression in the fish immune system, mRNA levels for two distinct GH genes (GH1 and GH2) in trout leucocytes isolated from peripheral blood were quantified using a real-time PCR method. Both GH mRNAs could be detected in trout leucocytes, although their levels were extremely low compared to those in pituitary cells. The levels of GH2 mRNA in leucocytes were several times higher than those of GH1, while no difference was observed between GH1 and GH2 mRNA levels in the pituitary. Administration of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and cortisol produced a significant elevation of GH mRNA levels in trout leucocytes, although the levels were unchanged by T3. GH1 and GH2 mRNA levels showed similarities in responses to those factors. The effect of cortisol on GH mRNA appears biphasic; a close-depending elevation of GH gene expression was observed in leucocytes treated with cortisol at below 200 nM, however, cortisol had no effect at 2000 nM. Cortisol-treated leucocytes showed no significant change in the mRNA level of β-actin or proliferative activity during the experiments. Our results thus show that, at the low levels, GH gene expression in trout leucocytes is regulated by cortisol, which has been known as a regulatory factor of GH gene expression in pituitary cells, and suggest a physiological significance of paracrine GH produced in the fish immune system. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Freshwater Fisheries Res Div, Nikko, Tochigi 3211661, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Nakano, Tokyo 1648639, Japan. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Yada, T (reprint author), Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Freshwater Fisheries Res Div, Nikko, Tochigi 3211661, Japan. EM yadat@fra.affrc.go.jp NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 142 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 248 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.01.008 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 923KG UT WOS:000228908200029 PM 15862570 ER PT J AU Gammons, CH Nimick, DA Parker, SR Cleasby, TE McCleskey, RB AF Gammons, CH Nimick, DA Parker, SR Cleasby, TE McCleskey, RB TI Diel behavior of iron and other heavy metals in a mountain stream with acidic to neutral pH: Fisher Creek, Montana, USA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; MINE DRAINAGE; SUMMIT-COUNTY; ROCK DRAINAGE; SURFACE; WATERS; TEMPERATURE; SOLUBILITY; ADSORPTION; TRANSPORT AB Three simultaneous 24-h samplings at three sites over a downstream pH gradient were conducted to examine diel fluctuations in heavy metal concentrations in Fisher Creek, a small mountain stream draining abandoned mine lands in Montana. Average pH values at the upstream (F1), middle (F2), and downstream (F3) monitoring stations were 3.31, 5.46, and 6.80, respectively. The downstream increase in pH resulted in precipitation of hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) and hydrous aluminum oxide (HAO) on the streambed. At F1 and F2, Fe showed strong diel cycles in dissolved concentration and Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio; these cycles were attributed to daytime photoreduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II), reoxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III), and temperature-dependent hydrolysis and precipitation of HFO. At the near-neutral downstream station, no evidence of Fe(III) photoreduction was observed, and suspended particles of HFO dominated the total Fe load. HFO precipitation rates between F2 and F3 were highest in the afternoon, due in part to reoxidation of a midday pulse of Fe2+ formed by photoreduction in the upper, acidic portions of the stream. Dissolved concentrations of Fe(II) and Cu decreased tenfold and 2.4-fold, respectively, during the day at F3. These changes were attributed to sorption onto fresh HFO surfaces. Results of surface complexation modeling showed good agreement between observed and predicted Cu concentrations at F3, but only when adsorption enthalpies were added to the thermodynamic database to take into account diel temperature variations. The field and modeling results illustrate that the degree to which trace metals adsorb onto actively forming HFO is strongly temperature dependent. This study is an example of how diel Fe cycles caused by redox and hydrolysis reactions can induce a diel cycle in a trace metal of toxicological importance in downstream waters. Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Dept Geol Engn, Butte, MT 59701 USA. US Geol Survey, Helena, MT USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gammons, CH (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Dept Geol Engn, Butte, MT 59701 USA. EM cgammons@mtech.edu OI Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192; McCleskey, Richard/0000-0002-2521-8052 NR 58 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 BP 2505 EP 2516 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.11.020 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 929LO UT WOS:000229347800005 ER PT J AU Gallo, KP AF Gallo, KP TI Evaluation of temperature differences for paired stations of the US climate reference network SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID URBAN AB Adjustments to data observed at pairs of climate stations have been recommended to remove the biases introduced by differences between the stations in time of observation, temperature instrumentation, latitude, and elevation. A new network of climate stations, located in rural settings, permits comparisons of temperatures for several pairs of stations without two of the biases (time of observation and instrumentation). The daily, monthly, and annual minimum, maximum, and mean temperatures were compared for five pairs of stations included in the U.S. Climate Reference Network. Significant differences were found between the paired stations in the annual minimum, maximum, and mean temperatures for all five pairs of stations. Adjustments for latitude and elevation differences contributed to greater differences in mean annual temperature for four of the five stations. Lapse rates computed from the mean annual temperature differences between station pairs differed from a constant value, whether or not latitude adjustments were made to the data. The results suggest that microclimate influences on temperatures observed at nearby (horizontally and vertically) stations are potentially much greater than influences that might be due to latitude or elevation differences between the stations. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Gallo, KP (reprint author), USGS, Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observat, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM kgallo@usgs.gov RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1629 EP 1636 DI 10.1175/JCLI3358.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 931HO UT WOS:000229476600013 ER PT J AU Steacy, S Gomberg, J Cocco, M AF Steacy, S Gomberg, J Cocco, M TI Introduction to special section: Stress transfer, earthquake triggering, and time-dependent seismic hazard SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Review ID HECTOR-MINE-EARTHQUAKE; DENALI FAULT EARTHQUAKE; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; 1992 LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; ANTARCTIC PLATE EARTHQUAKE; STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; REGIONAL SEISMICITY; IZMIT EARTHQUAKE; PORE-PRESSURE AB [1] In this introduction, we review much of the recent work related to stress transfer, earthquake triggering, and time-dependent seismic hazard in order to provide context for the special section on these subjects. Considerable advances have been made in the past decade, and we focus on our understanding of stress transfer at various temporal and spatial scales, review recent studies of the role of fluids in earthquake triggering, describe evidence for the connection between volcanism and earthquake triggering, examine observational evidence for triggering at all scales, and finally discuss the link between earthquake triggering and time-dependent seismic hazard. We conclude by speculating on future areas of research in the next decade. C1 Univ Ulster, Sch Environm Sci, Geophys Res Grp, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Seismol & Tectonophys Dept, I-00143 Rome, Italy. RP Univ Ulster, Sch Environm Sci, Geophys Res Grp, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. EM s.steacy@ulster.ac.uk; gomberg@usgs.gov; cocco@ingv.it RI Cocco, Massimo/G-6872-2012 NR 174 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 13 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B5 AR B05S01 DI 10.1029/2005JB003692 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 927QU UT WOS:000229212500003 ER PT J AU Weldon, RJ Fumal, TE Biasi, GP Scharer, KM AF Weldon, RJ Fumal, TE Biasi, GP Scharer, KM TI Geophysics - Past and future earthquakes on the San Andreas fault SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PALEOSEISMIC SITE; CALIFORNIA; WRIGHTWOOD C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Nevada, Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Weldon, RJ (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM ray@uoregon.edu; tfumal@usgs.gov; glenn@seismo.unr.edu; kscharer@uoregon.edu NR 11 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 13 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5724 BP 966 EP 967 DI 10.1126/science.1111707 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 927JR UT WOS:000229190700028 PM 15890868 ER PT J AU Elachi, C Wall, S Allison, M Anderson, Y Boehmer, R Callahan, P Encrenaz, P Flamini, E Franceschetti, G Gim, Y Hamilton, G Hensley, S Janssen, M Johnson, W Kelleher, K Kirk, R Lopes, R Lorenz, R Lunine, J Muhleman, D Ostro, S Paganelli, F Picardi, G Posa, F Roth, L Seu, R Shaffer, S Soderblom, L Stiles, B Stofan, E Vetrella, S West, R Wood, C Wye, L Zebker, H AF Elachi, C Wall, S Allison, M Anderson, Y Boehmer, R Callahan, P Encrenaz, P Flamini, E Franceschetti, G Gim, Y Hamilton, G Hensley, S Janssen, M Johnson, W Kelleher, K Kirk, R Lopes, R Lorenz, R Lunine, J Muhleman, D Ostro, S Paganelli, F Picardi, G Posa, F Roth, L Seu, R Shaffer, S Soderblom, L Stiles, B Stofan, E Vetrella, S West, R Wood, C Wye, L Zebker, H TI Cassini radar views the surface of Titan SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SATELLITES; GANYMEDE AB The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper imaged about 1% of Titan's surface at a resolution of &SIM; 0.5 kilometer, and larger areas of the globe in lower resolution modes. The images reveal a complex surface, with areas of low relief and a variety of geologic features suggestive of dome-like volcanic constructs, flows, and sinuous channels. The surface appears to be young, with few impact craters. Scattering and dielectric properties are consistent with porous ice or organics. Dark patches in the radar images show high brightness temperatures and high emissivity and are consistent with frozen hydrocarbons. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, I-00198 Rome, Italy. Fac Ingn, I-80125 Naples, Italy. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00184 Rome, Italy. Politecn Bari, INFM, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Interateneo Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Proxemy Res, Laytonsville, MD 20882 USA. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Wall, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM steve.wall@jpl.nasa.gov RI Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 NR 27 TC 158 Z9 160 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 13 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5724 BP 970 EP 974 DI 10.1126/science.1109919 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 927JR UT WOS:000229190700031 PM 15890871 ER PT J AU Hillhouse, JW Jachens, RC AF Hillhouse, JW Jachens, RC TI Highly magnetic Upper Miocene sandstones of the San Francisco Bay area, California SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE aeromagnetics; California; magnetic susceptibility; paleomagnetism; rock magnetism; sandstone; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism : paleomagnetism applied to geologic processes; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism : remagnetization; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism : rock and mineral; magnetism ID SECONDARY NATURAL MAGNETIZATIONS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; BAKED ROCKS; GRAIN-SIZE; HYSTERESIS; DEPENDENCE; FAULT AB [1] A high-resolution aeromagnetic survey of the San Francisco Bay area shows prominent positive anomalies over distinctive blue sandstones of Late Miocene age. The total-field survey was measured at a nominal height of 300 m above the land surface along flight lines spaced 0.5 km apart. Anomalies with amplitudes up to 200 nT correlate with sandstones of the San Pablo Group, and these anomalies are similar in strength to the magnetic signatures of serpentinites and basalts in the surveyed region. Andesitic sandstone of the Neroly Formation, the upper part of the San Pablo Group, has high magnetic susceptibility (0.013 SI units, volume) and relatively strong natural remanent magnetization (0.29 A/m). Total magnetization of the sandstone is two thirds induced and one third remanent magnetization. The presence of coarse-grained magnetite detritus, low coercivity of remanence, low thermal stability of remanence, and multidomain properties is consistent with the NRM being a viscous remanent magnetization that grew during the Brunhes normal-polarity chron. The strong magnetic signature of the Upper Miocene sandstones allows their delineation over distances as great as 100 km, through areas where they are concealed by landslides and younger deposits. The sandstones are important structural markers for understanding the complex folding and faulting associated with active fault systems in the San Francisco Bay area. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hillhouse, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 975, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhillhouse@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD MAY 12 PY 2005 VL 6 AR Q05005 DI 10.1029/2004GC000876 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 927QF UT WOS:000229210500002 ER PT J AU Colaprete, A Barnes, JR Haberle, RM Hollingsworth, JL Kieffer, HH Titus, TN AF Colaprete, A Barnes, JR Haberle, RM Hollingsworth, JL Kieffer, HH Titus, TN TI Albedo of the south pole on Mars determined by topographic forcing of atmosphere dynamics SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CAP; TES; BEHAVIOR; WAVES; ICE AB The nature of the martian south polar cap has remained enigmatic since the first spacecraft observations(1-6). In particular, the presence of a perennial carbon dioxide ice cap, the formation of a vast area of black 'slab ice' known as the Cryptic region and the asymmetric springtime retreat of the cap have eluded explanation. Here we present observations and climate modelling that indicate the south pole of Mars is characterized by two distinct regional climates that are the result of dynamical forcing by the largest southern impact basins, Argyre and Hellas. The style of surface frost deposition is controlled by these regional climates. In the cold and stormy conditions that exist poleward of 60 degrees S and extend 180 degrees in longitude west from the Mountains of Mitchel (similar to 30 degrees W), surface frost accumulation is dominated by precipitation. In the opposite hemisphere, the polar atmosphere is relatively warm and clear and frost accumulation is dominated by direct vapour deposition. It is the differences in these deposition styles that determine the cap albedo. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, San Jose State Univ Fdn, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Colaprete, A (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Anthony.Colaprete-1@nasa.gov NR 22 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 12 PY 2005 VL 435 IS 7039 BP 184 EP 188 DI 10.1038/nature03561 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 924ZO UT WOS:000229021100034 PM 15889086 ER PT J AU Harvey, JW Saiers, JE Newlin, JT AF Harvey, JW Saiers, JE Newlin, JT TI Solute transport and storage mechanisms in wetlands of the Everglades, south Florida SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THROUGH EMERGENT VEGETATION; TRANSIENT STORAGE; HYPORHEIC ZONE; FLOW; STREAM; ENRICHMENT; TRACER; MARSH; DRAG; FATE AB Solute transport and storage processes in wetlands play an important role in biogeochemical cycling and in wetland water quality functions. In the wetlands of the Everglades, there are few data or guidelines to characterize transport through the heterogeneous flow environment. Our goal was to conduct a tracer study to help quantify solute exchange between the relatively fast flowing water in the open part of the water column and much more slowly moving water in thick floating vegetation and in the pore water of the underlying peat. We performed a tracer experiment that consisted of a constant- rate injection of a sodium bromide ( NaBr) solution for 22 hours into a 3 m wide, open- ended flume channel in Everglades National Park. Arrival of the bromide tracer was monitored at an array of surface water and subsurface samplers for 48 hours at a distance of 6.8 m downstream of the injection. A one- dimensional transport model was used in combination with an optimization code to identify the values of transport parameters that best explained the tracer observations. Parameters included dimensions and mass transfer coefficients describing exchange with both short ( hours) and longer ( tens of hours) storage zones as well as the average rates of advection and longitudinal dispersion in the open part of the water column ( referred to as the " main flow zone''). Comparison with a more detailed set of tracer measurements tested how well the model's storage zones approximated the average characteristics of tracer movement into and out of the layer of thick floating vegetation and the pore water in the underlying peat. The rate at which the relatively fast moving water in the open water column was exchanged with slowly moving water in the layer of floating vegetation and in sediment pore water amounted to 50 and 3% h(-1), respectively. Storage processes decreased the depth- averaged velocity of surface water by 50% relative to the water velocity in the open part of the water column. As a result, flow measurements made with other methods that only work in the open part of the water column ( e. g., acoustic Doppler) would have overestimated the true depth- averaged velocity by a factor of 2. We hypothesize that solute exchange and storage in zones of floating vegetation and peat pore water increase contact time of solutes with biogeochemically active surfaces in this heterogeneous wetland environment. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06521 USA. RP Harvey, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jwharvey@usgs.gov RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 NR 33 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 12 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 AR W05009 DI 10.1029/2004WR003507 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 927QZ UT WOS:000229213200001 ER PT J AU Hower, JC Ruppert, LF Eble, CF Clark, WL AF Hower, JC Ruppert, LF Eble, CF Clark, WL TI Geochemistry, petrology, and palynology of the Pond Creek coal bed, northern Pike and southern Martin counties, Kentucky SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coal; petrology; geochemistry; palynology; Kentucky ID CENTRAL APPALACHIAN BASIN; EASTERN KENTUCKY; SOUTHWESTERN GUIZHOU; TRACE-ELEMENTS; POWER-PLANT; BORON; GERMANIUM; FIELD; USA; PALEOENVIRONMENT AB The geochemistry, petrology, and palynology of the Duckmantian-age Pond Creek coal bed were investigated in northern Pike and southern Martin counties, eastern Kentucky. The coal bed exhibits significant vertical variation in the investigated geochemical parameters, with many diagenetic overprints of the original geochemistry. Included in the range of geochemical signatures are the presence of elements, particularly TiO2 and Zr, suggesting the detrital influences at the time of deposition of a low-vitrinite durain; a high CaO zone with elevated B/Be, both suggesting marine influence, in a lithotype in the middle of the coal bed; and the postdepositional emplacement of pyrite in the uppermost lithotype. Individual lithotypes, each representing distinct depositional environments, all complicated to some degree by diagentic overprints, comprise the complex history of the coal bed. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Kentucky Geol Survey, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Geol Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Hower, JC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, 2540 Res Pk Dr, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. EM hower@caer.uky.edu OI Ruppert, Leslie/0000-0002-7453-1061 NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD MAY 11 PY 2005 VL 62 IS 3 BP 167 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2004.10.003 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 929PY UT WOS:000229359400003 ER PT J AU Belchansky, GI Douglas, DC Eremeev, VA Platonov, NG AF Belchansky, GI Douglas, DC Eremeev, VA Platonov, NG TI Variations in the Arctic's multiyear sea ice cover: A neural network analysis of SMMR-SSM/I data, 1979-2004 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; BEAUFORT SEA; TRENDS; OSCILLATION; RECORD; EXTENT; WINTER; AREA AB A 26-year ( 1979 - 2004) observational record of January multiyear sea ice distributions, derived from neural network analysis of SMMR-SSM/I passive microwave satellite data, reveals dense and persistent cover in the central Arctic basin surrounded by expansive regions of highly fluctuating interannual cover. Following a decade of quasi equilibrium, precipitous declines in multiyear ice area commenced in 1989 when the Arctic Oscillation shifted to a pronounced positive phase. Although extensive survival of first-year ice during autumn 1996 fully replenished the area of multiyear ice, a subsequent and accelerated decline returned the depletion to record lows. The most dramatic multiyear sea ice declines occurred in the East Siberian, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol, Moscow 119071, Russia. USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau Field Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Belchansky, GI (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia. EM belchans@eimb.ru; david_douglas@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 10 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 9 AR L09605 DI 10.1029/2005GL022395 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 927QH UT WOS:000229210800002 ER PT J AU Hansen, JD Landis, ED Phillips, RB AF Hansen, JD Landis, ED Phillips, RB TI Discovery of a unique Ig heavy-chain isotype (IgT) in rainbow trout: Implications for a distinctive B cell developmental pathway in teleost fish SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE development; immunoglobulin ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PRIMORDIAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHANNEL CATFISH; CONSTANT-REGION; GENE; EXPRESSION; EVOLUTION; MEMBRANE; SEQUENCE AB rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) EST gene index, we identified a unique Ig heavy-chain (IgH) isotype. cDNAs encoding this isotype are composed of a typical IgH leader sequence and a VDJ rearranged segment followed by four Ig superfamily C-1 domains represented as either membrane-bound or secretory versions. Because teleost fish were previously thought to encode and express only two IgH isotypes (IgM and IgD) for their humoral immune repertoire, we isolated all three cDNA isotypes from a single homozygous trout (OSU-142) to confirm that all three are indeed independent isotypes. Bioinformatic and phylogenetic analysis indicates that this previously undescribed divergent isotype is restricted to bony fish, thus we have named this isotype "IgT" (&UTau;) for teleost fish. Genomic sequence analysis of an OSU-142 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone positive for all three IgH isotypes revealed that IgT utilizes the standard rainbow trout V-H families, but surprisingly, the IgT isotype possesses its own exclusive set of D-H and J(H) elements for the generation of diversity. The IgT D and J segments and &UTau; constant (C) region genes are located upstream of the D and J elements for IgM, representing a genomic IgH architecture that has not been observed in any other vertebrate class. All three isotypes are primarily expressed in the spleen and pronephros (bone marrow equivalent), and ontogenically, expression of IgT is present 4 d before hatching in developing embryos. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. US Geol Survey, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Maryland, Mol & Cell Biol Program, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jdh25@u.washington.edu RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 36 TC 208 Z9 243 U1 6 U2 27 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 10 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 19 BP 6919 EP 6924 DI 10.1073/pnas.0500027102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 925JD UT WOS:000229048500051 PM 15863615 ER PT J AU Geis, AA Barichivich, WJ Wibbels, T Coyne, M Landry, AM Owens, D AF Geis, AA Barichivich, WJ Wibbels, T Coyne, M Landry, AM Owens, D TI Predicted sex ratio of juvenile Kemp's Ridley sea turtles captured near Steinhatchee, Florida SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID MARINE TURTLES; WATERS; REPTILES; ECOLOGY; MEXICO; WILD AB The Kemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) is one of the most endangered sea turtles in the world, and it possesses temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). Sex ratios produced under TSD can vary widely and can affect the reproductive ecology of a population. Therefore, sex ratios produced from TSD are of ecological and conservation interest. The current study validated and utilized a testosterone radioimmunoassay (RIA) to examine the sex ratio of juvenile Kemp's Ridleys inhabiting the waters near Steinhatchee, Florida. Testosterone levels were measured in blood samples collected from juvenile Kemp's Ridleys captured over a three-year period. Results of this study indicate that a significant female bias (approximately 3.7:1) occurs in the aggregation of juvenile Kemp's Ridleys inhabiting the waters near Steinhatchee. C1 Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USGS Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Wibbels, T (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biol, 1300 Univ Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM twibbels@uab.edu NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAY 9 PY 2005 IS 2 BP 393 EP 398 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 925NR UT WOS:000229060300018 ER PT J AU Gomberg, J Belardinelli, ME Cocco, M Reasenberg, P AF Gomberg, J Belardinelli, ME Cocco, M Reasenberg, P TI Time-dependent earthquake probabilities SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID FAILURE MODELS; STRESS; FAULT; AFTERSHOCKS; SEISMICITY; STATE; RECURRENCE; LAW AB [1] We have attempted to provide a careful examination of a class of approaches for estimating the conditional probability of failure of a single large earthquake, particularly approaches that account for static stress perturbations to tectonic loading as in the approaches of Stein et al. ( 1997) and Hardebeck ( 2004). We have developed a general framework based on a simple, generalized rate change formulation and applied it to these two approaches to show how they relate to one another. We also have attempted to show the connection between models of seismicity rate changes applied to ( 1) populations of independent faults as in background and aftershock seismicity and ( 2) changes in estimates of the conditional probability of failure of a single fault. In the first application, the notion of failure rate corresponds to successive failures of different members of a population of faults. The latter application requires specification of some probability distribution ( density function or PDF) that describes some population of potential recurrence times. This PDF may reflect our imperfect knowledge of when past earthquakes have occurred on a fault ( epistemic uncertainty), the true natural variability in failure times, or some combination of both. We suggest two end-member conceptual single-fault models that may explain natural variability in recurrence times and suggest how they might be distinguished observationally. When viewed deterministically, these single-fault patch models differ significantly in their physical attributes, and when faults are immature, they differ in their responses to stress perturbations. Estimates of conditional failure probabilities effectively integrate over a range of possible deterministic fault models, usually with ranges that correspond to mature faults. Thus conditional failure probability estimates usually should not differ significantly for these models. C1 US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Univ Bologna, Dipartmento Fis, Settore Geofis, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Rome, Italy. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 92045 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 3876 Cent Ave,Suite 2, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM gomberg@usgs.gov; elina@ibogfs.df.unibo.it; cocco@ingv.it; reasen@usgs.gov RI Cocco, Massimo/G-6872-2012 NR 31 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 7 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B5 AR B05S04 DI 10.1029/2004JB003405 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 926UC UT WOS:000229147700003 ER PT J AU Lundquist, JD Dettinger, MD AF Lundquist, JD Dettinger, MD TI How snowpack heterogeneity affects diurnal streamflow timing SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MELTWATER MOVEMENT; DEEP SNOWPACK; RUNOFF; COVER; SNOWMELT; COLORADO; MODEL; BASIN; WATER; USA AB [1] Diurnal cycles of streamflow in snow-fed rivers can be used to infer the average time a water parcel spends in transit from the top of the snowpack to a stream gauge in the river channel. This travel time, which is measured as the difference between the hour of peak snowmelt in the afternoon and the hour of maximum discharge each day, ranges from a few hours to almost a full day later. Travel times increase with longer percolation times through deeper snowpacks, and prior studies of small basins have related the timing of a stream's diurnal peak to the amount of snow stored in a basin. However, in many larger basins the time of peak flow is nearly constant during the first half of the melt season, with little or no variation between years. This apparent self-organization at larger scales can be reproduced by employing heterogeneous observations of snow depths and melt rates in a model that couples porous medium flow through an evolving snowpack with free surface flow in a channel. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Lundquist, JD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jessica.lundquist@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 6 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 AR W05007 DI 10.1029/2004WR003649 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 926VB UT WOS:000229150400002 ER PT J AU Malmon, DV Reneau, SL Dunne, T Katzman, D Drakos, PG AF Malmon, DV Reneau, SL Dunne, T Katzman, D Drakos, PG TI Influence of sediment storage on downstream delivery of contaminated sediment SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RIVER; TRANSPORT; CHANNEL; VALLEY; BUDGET; FLOOD AB [1] Sediment storage in alluvial valleys can strongly modulate the downstream migration of sediment and associated contaminants through landscapes. Traditional methods for routing contaminated sediment through valleys focus on in-channel sediment transport but ignore the influence of sediment exchanges with temporary sediment storage reservoirs outside the channel, such as floodplains. In theory, probabilistic analysis of particle trajectories through valleys offers a useful strategy for quantifying the influence of sediment storage on the downstream movement of contaminated sediment. This paper describes a field application and test of this theory, using Cs-137 as a sediment tracer over 45 years ( 1952 - 1997), downstream of a historical effluent outfall at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), New Mexico. The theory is parameterized using a sediment budget based on field data and an estimate of the Cs-137 release history at the upstream boundary. The uncalibrated model reasonably replicates the approximate magnitude and spatial distribution of channel- and floodplain-stored Cs-137 measured in an independent field study. Model runs quantify the role of sediment storage in the long-term migration of a pulse of contaminated sediment, quantify the downstream impact of upstream mitigation, and mathematically decompose the future Cs-137 flux near the LANL property boundary to evaluate the relative contributions of various upstream contaminant sources. The fate of many sediment-bound contaminants is determined by the relative timescales of contaminant degradation and particle residence time in different types of sedimentary environments. The theory provides a viable approach for quantifying the long-term movement of contaminated sediment through valleys. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Geol & Spatial Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Glorieta Geosci Inc, Santa Fe, NM 87502 USA. RP Malmon, DV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dmalmon@usgs.gov RI Dunne, Thomas/B-6374-2014 OI Dunne, Thomas/0000-0002-5281-6517 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 6 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 AR W05008 DI 10.1029/2004WR003288 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 926VB UT WOS:000229150400001 ER PT J AU Fend, SV AF Fend, SV TI A review of the genus Eclipidrilus (Annelida : Clitellata : Lumbriculidae), with description of a new species from western North America SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE Clitellata; Oligochaeta; Lumbriculidae; Eclipidrilus; Taxonomy ID OLIGOCHAETA; CHARACTERS AB Eclipidrilus pacificus n. sp., from northwestern USA, is distinguished from other Eclipidrilus by having a single atrium with midventral male pore, small penis, prostomium without a proboscis, and non-spiraling atrial musculature. Most populations also differ from congeners in having paired spermathecal pores anterior to the ventral chaetae, but specimens from the Columbia River have variable number and placement of the spermathecae. An unusual spiral orientation of the atrial musculature has previously been used to define Eclipidrilus. However, orientation of the atrial muscle layers varies among the previously described species, and does not provide a distinctive synapomorphy for the genus as a whole. Consequently, the genus is redefined to include species having elongate-petiolate atria with an inner, near-transverse muscle layer and an outer, longitudinal to spiral muscle layer. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fend, SV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mailstop 465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM svfend@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41-383, AUCKLAND, 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAY 6 PY 2005 IS 969 BP 1 EP 42 PG 42 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 923LN UT WOS:000228911500001 ER PT J AU Clark, RN Brown, RH Jaumann, R Cruikshank, DP Nelson, RM Buratti, BJ Mccord, TB Lunine, J Baines, KH Bellucci, G Bibring, JP Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Coradini, A Formisano, V Langevin, Y Matson, DL Mennella, V Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B Sotin, C Hoefen, TM Curchin, JM Hansen, G Hibbits, K Matz, KD AF Clark, RN Brown, RH Jaumann, R Cruikshank, DP Nelson, RM Buratti, BJ Mccord, TB Lunine, J Baines, KH Bellucci, G Bibring, JP Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Coradini, A Formisano, V Langevin, Y Matson, DL Mennella, V Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B Sotin, C Hoefen, TM Curchin, JM Hansen, G Hibbits, K Matz, KD TI Compositional maps of Saturn's moon Phoebe from imaging spectroscopy SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID WATER-ICE; ASTEROIDS; HYPERION; BELT AB The origin of Phoebe, which is the outermost large satellite of Saturn, is of particular interest because its inclined, retrograde orbit suggests that it was gravitationally captured by Saturn, having accreted outside the region of the solar nebula in which Saturn formed(1). By contrast, Saturn's regular satellites ( with prograde, low-inclination, circular orbits) probably accreted within the sub-nebula in which Saturn itself formed(2). Here we report imaging spectroscopy of Phoebe resulting from the Cassini - Huygens spacecraft encounter on 11 June 2004. We mapped ferrous-iron-bearing minerals, bound water, trapped CO2, probable phyllosilicates, organics, nitriles and cyanide compounds. Detection of these compounds on Phoebe makes it one of the most compositionally diverse objects yet observed in our Solar System. It is likely that Phoebe's surface contains primitive materials from the outer Solar System, indicating a surface of cometary origin. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Stewart Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Space Sensor Technol & Planetary Explorat, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, HIGP, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. CNR, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, CNRS, UMR 6112, F-44322 Nantes, France. Planetary Sci Inst NW, Corp Ctr Pasadena, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Clark, RN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS964,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rclark@usgs.gov OI Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314 NR 21 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 5 PY 2005 VL 435 IS 7038 BP 66 EP 69 DI 10.1038/nature03558 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 922UL UT WOS:000228864600036 PM 15875014 ER PT J AU Warner, JC Geyer, WR Lerczak, JA AF Warner, JC Geyer, WR Lerczak, JA TI Numerical modeling of an estuary: A comprehensive skill assessment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE CLOSURE MODELS; MIXED ESTUARIES; OCEANIC MODEL; SCALE; STRATIFICATION; EQUATION; PERFORMANCE; COORDINATE; INTRUSION; DYNAMICS AB [1] Numerical simulations of the Hudson River estuary using a terrain-following, three-dimensional model ( Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)) are compared with an extensive set of time series and spatially resolved measurements over a 43 day period with large variations in tidal forcing and river discharge. The model is particularly effective at reproducing the observed temporal variations in both the salinity and current structure, including tidal, spring neap, and river discharge - induced variability. Large observed variations in stratification between neap and spring tides are captured qualitatively and quantitatively by the model. The observed structure and variations of the longitudinal salinity gradient are also well reproduced. The most notable discrepancy between the model and the data is in the vertical salinity structure. While the surface-to-bottom salinity difference is well reproduced, the stratification in the model tends to extend all the way to the water surface, whereas the observations indicate a distinct pycnocline and a surface mixed layer. Because the southern boundary condition is located near the mouth the estuary, the salinity within the domain is particularly sensitive to the specification of salinity at the boundary. A boundary condition for the horizontal salinity gradient, based on the local value of salinity, is developed to incorporate physical processes beyond the open boundary not resolved by the model. Model results are sensitive to the specification of the bottom roughness length and vertical stability functions, insofar as they influence the intensity of vertical mixing. The results only varied slightly between different turbulence closure methods of k-ε, k-ω, and k-kl. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Warner, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jcwarner@usgs.gov; rgeyer@whoi.edu; jlerczak@whoi.edu NR 44 TC 165 Z9 170 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 4 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C5 AR C05001 DI 10.1029/2004JC002691 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 926TU UT WOS:000229146700001 ER PT J AU McGuire, KJ McDonnell, JJ Weiler, M Kendall, C McGlynn, BL Welker, JM Seibert, J AF McGuire, KJ McDonnell, JJ Weiler, M Kendall, C McGlynn, BL Welker, JM Seibert, J TI The role of topography on catchment-scale water residence time SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LUMPED-PARAMETER MODEL; TRACER DATA; RUNOFF GENERATION; WESTERN CASCADES; HEADWATER CATCHMENTS; STORMFLOW GENERATION; DISPERSION-EQUATION; HYDROLOGIC SYSTEMS; ISOTOPE HYDROLOGY; SOLUTE TRANSPORT AB [1] The age, or residence time, of water is a fundamental descriptor of catchment hydrology, revealing information about the storage, flow pathways, and source of water in a single integrated measure. While there has been tremendous recent interest in residence time estimation to characterize watersheds, there are relatively few studies that have quantified residence time at the watershed scale, and fewer still that have extended those results beyond single catchments to larger landscape scales. We examined topographic controls on residence time for seven catchments (0.085 - 62.4 km(2)) that represent diverse geologic and geomorphic conditions in the western Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Our primary objective was to determine the dominant physical controls on catchment-scale water residence time and specifically test the hypothesis that residence time is related to the size of the basin. Residence times were estimated by simple convolution models that described the transfer of precipitation isotopic composition to the stream network. We found that base flow mean residence times for exponential distributions ranged from 0.8 to 3.3 years. Mean residence time showed no correlation to basin area (r(2) < 0.01) but instead was correlated (r(2) = 0.91) to catchment terrain indices representing the flow path distance and flow path gradient to the stream network. These results illustrate that landscape organization (i.e., topography) rather than basin area controls catchment-scale transport. Results from this study may provide a framework for describing scale-invariant transport across climatic and geologic conditions, whereby the internal form and structure of the basin defines the first-order control on base flow residence time. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Resources Management, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Alaska, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Biol, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP McGuire, KJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM kevin.mcguire@ce.gatech.edu RI Seibert, Jan/B-1432-2009; Weiler, Markus/F-5584-2011; McGlynn, Brian/A-2509-2008; Welker, Jeffrey/C-9493-2013; McDonnell, Jeffrey/I-6400-2013; McGuire, Kevin/E-7770-2010 OI Seibert, Jan/0000-0002-6314-2124; Weiler, Markus/0000-0001-6245-6917; McGlynn, Brian/0000-0001-5266-4894; McGuire, Kevin/0000-0001-5751-3956 NR 92 TC 281 Z9 284 U1 8 U2 142 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 3 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 AR W05002 DI 10.1029/2004WR003657 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 926UW UT WOS:000229149900004 ER PT J AU Gooseff, MN Bencala, KE Scott, DT Runkel, RL McKnight, DM AF Gooseff, MN Bencala, KE Scott, DT Runkel, RL McKnight, DM TI Sensitivity analysis of conservative and reactive stream transient storage models applied to field data from multiple-reach experiments SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE solute transport; tracer; reactive transport; sensitivity analysis; OTIS; UCODE ID GLACIAL MELTWATER STREAM; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; HYPORHEIC ZONE; RIFFLE STREAM; MASS-TRANSFER; EXCHANGE; SIMULATION; SORPTION; TRACER; IRON AB The transient storage model (TSM) has been widely used in studies of stream solute transport and fate, with an increasing emphasis on reactive solute transport. In this study we perform sensitivity analyses of a conservative TSM and two different reactive solute transport models (RSTM), one that includes first-order decay in the stream and the storage zone, and a second that considers sorption of a reactive solute on streambed sediments. Two previously analyzed data sets are examined with a focus on the reliability of these RSTMs in characterizing stream and storage zone solute reactions. Sensitivities of simulations to parameters within and among reaches, parameter coefficients of variation, and correlation coefficients are computed and analyzed. Our results indicate that (1) simulated values have the greatest sensitivity to parameters within the same reach, (2) simulated values are also sensitive to parameters in reaches immediately upstream and downstream (inter-reach sensitivity), (3) simulated values have decreasing sensitivity to parameters in reaches farther downstream, and (4) in-stream reactive solute data provide adequate data to resolve effective storage zone reaction parameters, given the model formulations. Simulations of reactive solutes are shown to be equally sensitive to transport parameters and effective reaction parameters of the model, evidence of the control of physical transport on reactive solute dynamics. Similar to conservative transport analysis, reactive solute simulations appear to be most sensitive to data collected during the rising and falling limb of the concentration breakthrough curve. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Reston, VA 22092 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gooseff, MN (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mgooseff@mines.edu RI Gooseff, Michael/B-9273-2008; Bencala, Kenneth/A-6650-2010; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015; OI Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315; MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 NR 24 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5 BP 479 EP 492 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.11.012 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 914JN UT WOS:000228223800005 ER PT J AU Balko, EA Underwood, HB AF Balko, EA Underwood, HB TI Effects of forest structure and composition on food availability for Varecia variegata at Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lemurs; Madagascar; logging; phenology ID WHITE RUFFED LEMUR; RAIN-FOREST; CONSEQUENCES; DISTURBANCE; FRUGIVORY; PHENOLOGY; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; PRIMATES AB We present a summary of a long-term field study that examined the effects of forest disturbance on the availability of palatable fruit and its utilization by V. variegata. Forest structure and tree species composition were measured in three adjacent study areas, with different histories of disturbance, in Ranomafana National Park (RNP), Madagascar. V. variegata abundance was monitored by frequent encounters with resident groups and periodic censuses conducted along trails. Finally, the abundance of mature fruit in species used by V. variegata was scored monthly at representative trees at several locations. V. variegata abundance was most consistent in the least anthropogenically disturbed site, while no established lemur groups were observed in the heavily logged site for over a decade post-harvest. Lemur abundance was variable in the selectively logged site. The presence of select food trees, particularly specimens with voluminous crowns capable of producing abundant fruit crops, appears to be key to the establishment and expansion of V variegata groups. Our analysis of year-long fruit utilization revealed a high degree of preference for several species of trees. Two species exhibited mature fruit in a low percentage of stems but were available for a protracted period of time, while two additional species showed high intraspecific fruiting synchrony and were available for a shorter period of time. These contrasting phenologies, rather than the individual tree species, may be most important to V. variegata due to their coincident timing of fruit maturation with key lemur life-history events. Any disturbance-natural or anthropogenic-that disrupts the phenology cycles of food trees has the potential to impact lemur abundance and dispersion. Intense disturbances, such as heavy logging or severe cyclones, have long-lasting impacts on fruit production, while selective logging or moderate cyclonic windthrow cause more transient impacts. V. variegata is adapted to deal with an intrinsically erratic food supply by virtue of its reproductive biology and social behavior. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 SUNY Syracuse, Fac Environm & Forest Biol, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13215 USA. SUNY Syracuse, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13215 USA. RP Balko, EA (reprint author), SUNY Syracuse, Fac Environm & Forest Biol, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13215 USA. EM balko@Oswego.edu NR 43 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 35 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 66 IS 1 BP 45 EP 70 DI 10.1002/ajp.20127 PG 26 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 930MK UT WOS:000229419900004 PM 15898066 ER PT J AU Chou, IM Seal, RR AF Chou, IM Seal, RR TI Acquisition and evaluation of thermodynamic data for bieberite-moorhouseite equilibria at 0.1 MPa SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Geolog Soc Amer ID HUMIDITY-BUFFER TECHNIQUE; COBALT SULFATE; SYSTEM; PRESSURES; PYRITE AB Published estimates for the equilibrium relative humidity (RH) at 25 degrees C for the reaction: bieberite (CoSO(4)(.)7H(2)O) = moorhouseite (CoSO(4)(.)6H(2)O) + H2O, range from 69.8 to 74.5%. To evaluate these data, the humidity-buffer technique was used to determine equilibrium constants for this reaction between 14 and 43 degrees C at 0.1 MPa. Reversals along five humidity-buffer curves yield In K = 18.03-6509.43/T, where K is the equilibrium constant, and T is temperature in K. The derived standard Gibbs free energy of reaction is 9.43 kJ/mol, which agrees well with several previously reported values based on vapor-pressure measurements. It also agrees well with values calculated from the data derived mostly from calorimetric measurements. Previous studies indicated that the temperature of the invariant point for the assemblage bieberite-moorhouseite-aqueous solution-vapor is near 44.7 degrees C, and our extrapolated data predict 91.1% RH at this temperature; the predicted position for the invariant point is in excellent agreement with those reported previously. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Chou, IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM imchou@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 90 IS 5-6 BP 912 EP 917 DI 10.2138/am.2005.1695 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 928XN UT WOS:000229305300014 ER PT J AU Kingston, MM AF Kingston, MM TI Acceptance of the Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2004 SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Kingston, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 90 IS 5-6 BP 1023 EP 1024 DI 10.2138/am.2005.437 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 928XN UT WOS:000229305300028 ER PT J AU Roon, DA Waits, LP Kendall, KC AF Roon, DA Waits, LP Kendall, KC TI A simulation test of the effectiveness of several methods for error-checking non-invasive genetic data SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; GRIZZLY BEARS; FECAL DNA; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HAIR SAMPLES; URSUS-ARCTOS; AMPLIFICATION; CONSERVATION; CAPTURE AB Non-invasive genetic sampling (NGS) is becoming a popular tool for population estimation. However, multiple NGS studies have demonstrated that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping errors can bias demographic estimates. These errors can be detected by comprehensive data filters such as the multiple-tubes approach, but this approach is expensive and time consuming as it requires three to eight PCR replicates per locus. Thus, researchers have attempted to correct PCR errors in NGS datasets using non-comprehensive error checking methods, but these approaches have not been evaluated for reliability. We simulated NGS studies with and without PCR error and 'filtered' datasets using non-comprehensive approaches derived from published studies and calculated mark-recapture estimates using CAPTURE. In the absence of data-filtering, simulated error resulted in serious inflations in CAPTURE estimates; some estimates exceeded N by > 200%. When data filters were used, CAPTURE estimate reliability varied with per-locus error (E mu). At E mu = 0.01, CAPTURE estimates from filtered data displayed < 5% deviance from error-free estimates. When E mu was 0.05 or 0.09, some CAPTURE estimates from filtered data displayed biases in excess of 10%. Biases were positive at high sampling intensities; negative biases were observed at low sampling intensities. We caution researchers against using non-comprehensive data filters in NGS studies, unless they can achieve baseline per-locus error rates below 0.05 and, ideally, near 0.01. However, we suggest that data filters can be combined with careful technique and thoughtful NGS study design to yield accurate demographic information. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USGS, NRMSC, Ctr Sci, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Roon, DA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM roon8505@uidaho.edu NR 53 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 8 BP 203 EP 215 DI 10.1017/S1367943005001976 PN 2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 938RL UT WOS:000230020500010 ER PT J AU Whelan, JF Paces, JB Peterman, ZE Marshall, BD Neymark, LA AF Whelan, JF Paces, JB Peterman, ZE Marshall, BD Neymark, LA TI Reply to the comment on "Physical and stable-isotope evidence for formation of secondary calcite and silica in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada". (vol 19, pg 1879, 2004) SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Correction ID FLUID CHEMISTRY; COLUMNAR CALCITE; CALCAREOUS SOLUTIONS; FRACTURE SURFACES; THIN-FILMS; FLOW; SPELEOTHEMS; MORPHOLOGY; ROLES; WATER C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, SM Stoller Corp, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Whelan, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jfwhelan@usgs.gov NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1039 EP 1050 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.11.001 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 922ML UT WOS:000228841900017 ER PT J AU Maruya, KA Smalling, KL Mora, MA AF Maruya, KA Smalling, KL Mora, MA TI Residues of toxaphene in insectivorous birds (Petrochelidon spp.) from the Rio Grande, Texas SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEMINAL CHLORINE ATOMS; TECHNICAL TOXAPHENE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; ANAEROBIC TRANSFORMATION; COMPONENTS; TISSUES; VALLEY; FISH; CONGENERS; MAMMALS AB Although it has been documented that wildlife in the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) contain increased concentrations of organochlorine (OC) contaminants, particularly DDE, little has been published on residues of toxaphene throughout this major North American watershed. In this study, 28 liver composites from adult swallows (Petrochelidon spp.) collected along the Rio Grande from 1999 through 2000 were analyzed for toxaphene residues using congener-specific gas chromatography-electron-capture negative ionization-mass spectrometry. Estimated total toxaphene concentrations ranged from 12 to 260 ng/g wet wt and were highest in samples from the lower RGV near Llano Grande Lake in Hidalgo and Cameron counties (Texas). Toxaphene congener profiles were relatively invariant throughout the watershed and were dominated by 2,2,5-endo,6-exo,8,8,9,10-octachlorobomane (P-42a or 138-806) with lesser amounts of several other Cl-7-Cl-9 compounds, many of which remain unidentified. Petrochelidon spp. liver profiles appear to be intermediate in complexity between those in invertebrates and fish (more complex) and mammals (less complex) and differs somewhat from those reported for other avian species. In addition to other legacy OC contaminants, toxaphene residues were most concentrated in the lower RGV and accumulated at up to hundreds of parts per billion in these insect-eating birds, underscoring their utility as avian bioindicators of persistent organic pollutants. C1 Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Maruya, KA (reprint author), Skidaway Inst Oceanog, 10 Ocean Sci Circle, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. EM kam@skio.peachnet.edu OI Mora, Miguel/0000-0002-8393-0216; Smalling, Kelly/0000-0002-1214-4920 NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 48 IS 4 BP 567 EP 574 DI 10.1007/s00244-004-0142-9 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 930CE UT WOS:000229392600018 PM 15719197 ER PT J AU Geddes, CIA Brown, DG Fagre, DB AF Geddes, CIA Brown, DG Fagre, DB TI Topography and vegetation as predictors of snow water equivalent across the alpine treeline ecotone at Lee Ridge, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT MODEL; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; COMPLEX TERRAIN; PATTERNS; VARIABILITY; VARIABLES; NITROGEN; TUNDRA; RANGE AB We derived and implemented two spatial models of May snow water equivalent (SWE) at Lee Ridge in Glacier National Park, Montana. We used the models to test the hypothesis that vegetation structure is a control on snow redistribution at the alpine treeline ecotone (ATE). The statistical models were derived using stepwise and "best" subsets regression techniques. The first model was derived from field measurements of SWE, topography, and vegetation taken at 27 sample points. The second model was derived using GIS-based measures of topography and vegetation. Both the field- (R-2 = 0.93) and GIS-based models (R-2 = 0.69) of May SWE included the following variables: site type (based on vegetation), elevation, maximum slope, and general slope aspect. Site type was identified as the most important predictor of SWE in both models, accounting for 74.0% and 29.5% of the variation, respectively. The GIS-based model was applied to create a predictive map of SWE across Lee Ridge, predicting little snow accumulation on the top of the ridge where vegetation is scarce. The GIS model failed in large depressions, including ephemeral stream channels. The models supported the hypothesis that upright vegetation has a positive effect on accumulation of SWE above and beyond the effects of topography. Vegetation, therefore, creates a positive feedback in which it modifies its environment and could affect the ability of additional vegetation to become established. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Geddes, CIA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Fisheries Res Inst, 212 Museums Annex Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cgeddes@umich.edu; danbrown@umich.edu; dan_fagre@usgs.gov RI Brown, Daniel/L-8089-2013 OI Brown, Daniel/0000-0001-6023-5950 NR 43 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 IS 2 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1657/1523-0430(2005)037[0197:TAVAPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 931KM UT WOS:000229484200008 ER PT J AU Emery, JP Burr, DM Cruikshank, DP Brown, RH Dalton, JB AF Emery, JP Burr, DM Cruikshank, DP Brown, RH Dalton, JB TI Near-infrared (0.8-4.0 mu m) spectroscopy of Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, and Rhea SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites : individual : Enceladus; planets and satellites : individual : Mimas; infrared : solar system; planets and satellites : individual : Rhea; planets and satellites : individual : Tethys; planets and satellites : general ID OUTER SOLAR-SYSTEM; SATURNS MAGNETOSPHERE; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; GEOLOGICAL HISTORIES; PLASMA OBSERVATIONS; VOYAGER PHOTOMETRY; PLANETARY SURFACES; INNER SATELLITES; ICE ANALOGS; WATER ICE AB Spectral measurements from the ground in the time leading up to the Cassini mission at Saturn provide important context for the interpretation of the forthcoming spacecraft data. Whereas ground-based observations cannot begin to approach the spatial scales Cassini will achieve, they do possess the benefits of better spectral resolution, a broader possible time baseline, and unique veiewing geometries not obtained by spacecraft (i.e., opposition). In this spirit, we present recent NIR reflectance spectra of four icy satellites of Saturn measured with the SpeX instrument at the IRTF. These measurements cover the range 0.8 - 4.0 mu m of both the leading and trailing sides of Tethys and the leading side of Rhea. The L-band region ( 2.8 - 4.0 mu m) offers new opportunities for searches of minor components on these objects. Additionally, these data include 0.8 - 2.5 mu m spectra of both the leading and trailing sides of Mimas and of the ( mostly) trailing side of Enceladus. The spectrum of Enceladus shows activity near 2.25 mu m that we interpret as a possible signature of NH3 ice. The presence of ammonia in the Saturn system is not unexpected, and may help explain the apparent recent geologic activity of Enceladus. Analysis of leading/trailing differences in H2O band depths, spectral slopes, and albedo imply a separate regime of surface modification for Mimas and Enceladus than for the more distant icy satellites ( Tethys, Dione, Rhea). Aside from the potential NH3 on Enceladus, no other minor constituents are detected in these icy surfaces. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Branch, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Emery, JP (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jemery@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 57 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 4 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 435 IS 1 BP 353 EP 362 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20042482 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 920LM UT WOS:000228690500040 ER PT J AU Bullen, TD Bailey, SW AF Bullen, TD Bailey, SW TI Identifying calcium sources at an acid deposition-impacted spruce forest: a strontium isotope, alkaline earth element multi-tracer approach SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alkaline earth elements; calcium; forest soils; nutrients; red spruce; strontium isotopes ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BASE-POOR FORESTS; RED SPRUCE; WEATHERING RATES; HUBBARD BROOK; SR ISOTOPES; CATION LOSS; RAIN; ECOSYSTEMS; ALUMINUM AB Depletion of calcium from forest soils has important implications for forest productivity and health. Ca is available to fine feeder roots from a number of soil organic and mineral sources, but identifying the primary source or changes of sources in response to environmental change is problematic. We used strontium isotope and alkaline earth element concentration ratios of trees and soils to discern the record of Ca sources for red spruce at a base-poor, acid deposition-impacted watershed. We measured Sr-87/Sr-86 and chemical compositions of cross-sectional stem-wood cores of red spruce, other spruce tissues and sequential extracts of co-located soil samples. Sr-87/Sr-86 and Sr/Ba ratios together provide a tracer of alkaline earth element sources that distinguishes the plant-available fraction of the shallow organic soils from those of deeper organic and mineral soils. Ca/Sr ratios proved less diagnostic, due to within-tree processes that fractionate these elements from each other. Over the growth period from 1870 to 1960, Sr-87/Sr-86 and Sr/Ba ratios of stemwood samples became progressively more variable and on average trended toward values that considered together are characteristic of the uppermost forest floor. In detail the stemwood chemistry revealed an episode of simultaneous enhanced uptake of all alkaline earth elements during the growth period from 1930 to 1960, coincident with reported local and regional increases in atmospheric inputs of inorganic acidity. We attribute the temporal trends in stemwood chemistry to progressive shallowing of the effective depth of alkaline earth element uptake by fine roots over this growth period, due to preferential concentration of fine roots in the upper forest floor coupled with reduced nutrient uptake by roots in the lower organic and tipper mineral soils in response to acid-induced aluminum toxicity. Although both increased atmospheric deposition and selective weathering of Ca-rich minerals such as apatite provide possible alternative explanations of aspects of the observed trends, the chemical buffering capacity of the forest floor-biomass pool limits their effectiveness as causal mechanisms. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Bullen, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 420,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tdbullen@usgs.gov OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 51 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD MAY PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1 BP 63 EP 99 DI 10.1007/s10533-004-2619-z PG 37 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 964JR UT WOS:000231877900005 ER PT J AU Matern, SA Brown, LR AF Matern, SA Brown, LR TI Invaders eating invaders: exploitation of novel alien prey by the alien shimofuri goby in the San Francisco Estuary, California SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE alien fishes; feeding ecology; food web; Gobiidae; Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta; Tridentiger bifasciatus ID FEEDING ECOLOGY; POMATOSCHISTUS-MICROPS; FOOD SELECTION; GOBIIDAE; FISH; ASSEMBLAGE; INVASION; PISCES; DIET; BAY AB The shimofuri goby (Tridentiger bifasciatus), which is native to Asian estuaries, was recently introduced to the San Francisco Estuary, California, USA. We conducted gut content analyses to examine the goby's feeding ecology in this highly invaded estuary. Shimofuri gobies were generalist predators on benthic invertebrates, consuming seasonally abundant prey, especially amphipods (Corophium spp.). In addition, shimofuri goby utilized two novel prey items not exploited by other resident fishes - hydroids (Cordylophora caspia) and barnacle ( Balanus improvisus) cirri, both of which are alien. The shimofuri goby's feeding ecology appears well-suited to the fluctuating environment of the San Francisco Estuary and may partially explain observed increases in shimofuri goby abundance compared with declines in populations of some native species. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Matern, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM samatern@juno.com NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAY PY 2005 VL 7 IS 3 BP 497 EP 507 DI 10.1007/s10530-004-6348-y PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 923OZ UT WOS:000228920500011 ER PT J AU Baldigo, BP Murdoch, PS Burns, DA AF Baldigo, BP Murdoch, PS Burns, DA TI Stream acidification and mortality of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in response to timber harvest in Catskill Mountain watersheds, New York, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AIR ACT AMENDMENTS; UNITED-STATES; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; SURFACE WATERS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; PHASE-I; DEPOSITION; ALUMINUM; CHEMISTRY AB Effects of clear-cut and timber-stand improvement (TSI) harvests on water chemistry and mortality of caged brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were evaluated in a study of three Catskill Mountain streams, 1994-2000. Harvests removed 73% of tree basal area (BA) from a clearcut subbasin, 5% BA from a TSI subbasin, and 14% BA at a site below the confluence of both streams. A fourth nonharvested site served as a control. Water quality and trout mortality were affected only in the clearcut stream. Acidity and concentrations of nitrate and inorganic monomeric aluminum (Al-im) increased sharply during high flows after the first growing season (fall 1997). Acid-Al-im episodes were severe during this period and decreased steadily in magnitude and duration thereafter. All trout at this site died within 7 days during spring 1998 and 85% died during spring 1999. Only background mortality was observed in other years at this site and at the other three sites during all tests. The absence of mortality in TSI watersheds indicates that limited harvests should not harm brook trout populations in acid-sensitive streams. Effects of tree harvests on fish communities are of concern, however, because many stream-dwelling species are more sensitive to acidified waters than brook trout. C1 US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Baldigo, BP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM bbaldigo@usgs.gov RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009 NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1168 EP 1183 DI 10.1139/F05-022 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 932ZX UT WOS:000229594600021 ER PT J AU Huntington, TG AF Huntington, TG TI Assessment of calcium status in Maine forests: review and future projection SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Review ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; BASE-CATION DEPLETION; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; NEW-ENGLAND; RED SPRUCE; WEATHERING RATES; DRY DEPOSITION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HUBBARD BROOK AB Forest harvesting and acidic deposition can cause substantial decreases in the calcium (Ca) inventory of forest soils if such losses are not replenished through mineral weathering, atmospheric deposition, or fertilization. The net balance between losses and gains defines the forest Ca status. Site-specific studies have measured Ca pools and fluxes in Maine forests, but no synthesis has been published. In this paper, I review the literature on forest Ca and assess the current status and potential future trends. Forest soils in Maine are currently at lesser risk of Ca depletion compared with many forest soils in the central and southeastern United States, because levels of acidic deposition and rates of Ca accumulation in trees are lower in Maine. The rate of Ca accumulation in trees is reduced in Maine as a result of lower growth rates and a higher proportion of conifer trees that require less Ca than hardwoods. However, field-scale biogeochemical studies in Maine and New Hampshire, and regional estimates of harvest removals and soil inventories coupled with low weathering estimates, indicate that Ca depletion is a realistic concern in Maine. The synthesis of site-specific and regional data for Maine in conjunction with the depletion measured directly in surrounding areas indicates that the Ca status of many forest soils in Maine is likely declining. Ca status could decrease further in the future if forest growth rates increase in response to climate trends and recovery from insect-induced mortality and excessive harvesting in recent years. Proposed climate change induced reductions in spruce and fir and increases in hardwoods would also increase the risk of Ca depletion. C1 US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Huntington, TG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM thunting@usgs.gov OI Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 NR 97 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1109 EP 1121 DI 10.1139/X05-034 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 938BG UT WOS:000229974300009 ER PT J AU Heglund, PJ Skagen, SK AF Heglund, PJ Skagen, SK TI Ecology and physiology of en route Nearctic-Neotropical migratory birds: A call for collaboration SO CONDOR LA English DT Editorial Material ID PLASMA-LIPID METABOLITES; WESTERN SANDPIPERS; MIGRANT; CONNECTIVITY; SONGBIRDS; CYCLE C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Heglund, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM pheglund@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2005 VL 107 IS 2 BP 193 EP 196 DI 10.1650/7806 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 926PT UT WOS:000229135800001 ER PT J AU Skagen, SK Kelly, JF Van Riper, C Hutto, RL Finch, DM Krueper, DJ Melcher, CP AF Skagen, SK Kelly, JF Van Riper, C Hutto, RL Finch, DM Krueper, DJ Melcher, CP TI Geography of spring landbird migration through riparian habitats in southwestern North America SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE desert southwest; geography; Nearctic-Neotropical migrants; riparian habitat; spring migration; stopover sites ID BIRDS; STOPOVER; MIGRANTS; WARBLERS AB Migration stopover resources, particularly riparian habitats, are critically important to landbirds migrating across the and southwestern region of North America. To explore the effects of species biogeography and habitat affinity on spring migration patterns, we synthesized existing bird abundance and capture data collected in riparian habitats of the borderlands region of the U.S. and Mexico. We determined the importance of geographic factors (longitude and latitude) in explaining variation in abundances and capture rates of 32 long-distance and three short-distance migrant species. Abundances and capture rates of 13 and I I species, respectively, increased with increasing longitude, and four species ' abundance and capture rates decreased with increasing longitude. Riparian associates, but not nonriparian species, were more abundant in western sites. Their abundance patterns were only weakly influenced by species biogeography. In contrast, biogeography did influence abundance patterns of nonriparian birds, suggesting that they choose the shortest, most direct route between wintering and breeding areas. We hypothesize that ripafian obligate birds may, to some degree, adjust their migration routes to maximize time spent in high-quality riparian zones, but they are able to find suitable habitat opportunistically when crossing more hostile landscapes. In contrast, nonriparian birds adhere more closely to a hierarchical model in which the migratory route is determined by biogeographic constraints. Conservation of riparian habitats is necessary to meet future habitat stopover requirements of many western Neotropical migrant birds. We advocate a coordinated research effort to further elucidate patterns of distribution and habitat use so that conservation activities can be focused effectively. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Arizona, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonora Desert Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Montana, Avian Sci Ctr, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. RP Skagen, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM susan_skagen@usgs.gov RI Finch, Deborah/H-2876-2015 OI Finch, Deborah/0000-0001-9118-7381 NR 40 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 18 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2005 VL 107 IS 2 BP 212 EP 227 DI 10.1650/7807 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 926PT UT WOS:000229135800003 ER PT J AU Earnst, SL Stehn, RA Platte, RM Larned, WW Mallek, EJ AF Earnst, SL Stehn, RA Platte, RM Larned, WW Mallek, EJ TI Population size and trend of Yellow-billed Loons in northern Alaska SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Alaska; breeding grounds; Gavia adamsii; population size; population trend; Yellow-billed Loon ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; AERIAL SURVEYS; ARCTIC ALASKA; DENSITY; SUCCESS; BIAS AB The Yellow-billed Loon (Gavia adamsii) is of conservation concern due to its restricted range, small population size, specific habitat requirements, and perceived threats to its breeding and wintering habitat. Within the U.S., this species breeds almost entirely within the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska, nearly all of which is Open, or proposed to be opened, for oil development. Rigorous estimates of Yellow-billed Loon population size and trend are lacking but essential for informed conservation. We used two annual aerial waterfowl surveys, conducted 1986-2003 and 1992-2003, to estimate population size and trend on northern Alaskan breeding grounds. In estimating population trend, we used mixed-effects regression models to reduce bias and sampling error associated with improvement in observer skill and annual effects of spring phenology. The estimated population trend on Alaskan breeding grounds since 1986 was near 0 with an estimated annual change of-0.9% (95% CI of-3.6% to +1.8%). The estimated population size, averaged over the past 12 years and adjusted by a correction factor based on an intensive, lake-circling, aerial survey method, was 2221 individuals (95% CI of 1206-3235) in early June and 3369 individuals (95% CI of 1910-4828) in late June. Based on estimates from other studies of the proportion of loons nesting in a given year, it is likely that < 1000 nesting pairs inhabit northern Alaska in most years. The highest concentration of Yellow-billed Loons occurred between the Meade and Ikpikpuk Rivers; and across all of northern Alaska, 53% of recorded sightings occurred within 12% of the area. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Kenai, AK 99611 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Earnst, SL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM susan_earnst@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2005 VL 107 IS 2 BP 289 EP 304 DI 10.1650/7717 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 926PT UT WOS:000229135800009 ER PT J AU Oyler-McCance, SJ St John, J Knopf, FL Quinn, TW AF Oyler-McCance, SJ St John, J Knopf, FL Quinn, TW TI Population genetic analysis of Mountain Plover using mitochondrial DNA sequence data SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Charadrius montanus; gene flow; genetic diversity; mitochondrial DNA; Mountain Plover; population genetics ID CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTIONS; PHENOTYPIC ASSOCIATIONS; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; HAPLOTYPES; PROGRAM; DIFFERENTIATION; SHOREBIRD; HISTORY AB Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus) distribution and abundance have been reduced drastically in the past 30 years and the conversion of shortgrass prairie to agriculture has caused breeding populations to become geographically isolated. This, coupled with the fact that Mountain Plovers are thought to show fidelity to breeding grounds, leads to the prediction that the isolated breeding populations would be genetically distinct. This pattern, if observed, would have important management implications for a species at risk of extinction. Our study examined genetic variation at two mitochondrial regions for 20-30 individuals from each of four breeding sites. We found no evidence of significant population differentiation in the data from the control region or the ATPase 6/8 region. Nested-clade analysis revealed no relationship between haplotype phylogeny, and geography among the 47 control region haplotypes. In the ATPase 6/8 region, however, one of the two clades provided information suggesting that, historically, there has been continuous range expansion. Analysis of mismatch distributions and Tajima&PRIME; s D suggest that the Mountain Plover underwent a population expansion, following the Pleistocene glacial period. To explain the lack of detectable genetic differentiation among populations, despite their geographic isolation and fidelity to breeding locations, we speculate that there is sufficient female-mediated gene flow to homogenize gene pools among populations. Such gene flow might ensue if pair bonds are formed in mixed flocks on wintering grounds rather than on the summer breeding grounds. C1 Univ Denver, Rocky Mt Ctr Conservat Genet & Syst, Dept Sci Biol, Denver, CO 80208 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), Univ Denver, Rocky Mt Ctr Conservat Genet & Syst, Dept Sci Biol, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2005 VL 107 IS 2 BP 353 EP 362 DI 10.1650/7594 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 926PT UT WOS:000229135800014 ER PT J AU White, TH Collazo, JA Vilella, FJ AF White, TH Collazo, JA Vilella, FJ TI Survival of captive-reared Puerto Rican parrots released in the Caribbean National Forest SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Amazona vittata; captive-reared; mortality; predation; Puerto Rican Parrot; reintroduction; survival ID FLOCK SIZE; REINTRODUCTION; TRANSLOCATION; VIGILANCE; ABUNDANCE; ANIMALS; PARK AB We report first-year survival for 34 captive-reared Puerto Rican Parrots (Amazona vittata) released in the Caribbean National Forest, Puerto Rico between 2000 and 2002. The purpose of the releases were to increase population size and the potential number of breeding individuals of the sole extant wild population, and to refine release protocols for eventual reintroduction of a second wild population elsewhere on the island. After extensive prerelease training, we released 10 parrots in 2000, 16 parrots in 2001, and eight parrots in 2002 ranging in age from 1-4 years old. All birds were equipped with radio-transmitters to monitor survival. The overall first-year survival estimate for the 34 parrots was 41 % (Cl 22%-61%). Only one parrot died within the first week postrelease, with most (94%) surviving for at least eight weeks after release. Most (54%) documented mortalities were due to raptor predation, which claimed 21 % of all released parrots. A captive-reared bird (male, age one), released in 2001, paired with a wild female and fledged two young in 2004. We also calculated survival based on 0% and 50% of observed predation losses and found hypothetical survival rates of 72% and 54%, respectively. Rigorous prerelease training and acclimation was believed to have improved initial postrelease parrot survival, and releasing mixed age-class groups suggests the potential for shortening the time to recruitment. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP White, TH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Box 1600, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. EM Thomas_White@fws.gov NR 38 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 18 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2005 VL 107 IS 2 BP 424 EP 432 DI 10.1650/7672 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 926PT UT WOS:000229135800020 ER PT J AU Wilson, UW AF Wilson, UW TI The effect of the 1997-1998 El Nino on rhinoceros auklets on protection island, Washington SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Cerorhinca monocerata; El Nino; growth rate; rhinoceros anklet; sea level; sea surface temperature; Washington ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SEABIRDS; EVENTS; GROWTH AB The 1997-1998 El Nino event was one of the most severe warm episodes the Pacific Ocean experienced during the 20th century. In Washington, it resulted in above-normal sea surface temperatures and sea levels during 1997-1998 on the state's outer coast and in the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Sea surface temperature anomalies of the two areas were highly correlated during 1995-2000. Rhinoceros Anklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) chick growth rates on Protection Island in the eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca were significantly lower (19%) during the El Nino years. Although chicks' peak weights were lowest during 1997, they did not significantly differ from non-El Nino years, suggesting that birds were able to compensate for smaller or less frequent chick feedings by extending the chicks' time in the burrow. Consequently, chicks were also significantly older at peak weight during this warm event, which likely led to prolonged fledging periods. However, the 1997-1998 El Nino did not affect other aspects of Rhinoceros Auklets reproductive behavior: chick mortality, although highest in 1997, was not significantly different among years; the number of breeding attempts were similar among years; as was the timing of breeding. Thus, because of its unique breeding biology, the Rhinoceros Anklet is well adapted to ocean climatic fluctuations. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Wilson, UW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 450, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM ulrich_wilson@fws.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2005 VL 107 IS 2 BP 462 EP 468 DI 10.1650/7574 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 926PT UT WOS:000229135800025 ER PT J AU McCaffery, BJ McIntyre, C AF McCaffery, BJ McIntyre, C TI Disparities between results and conclusions: Do golden eagles warrant special concern based on migration counts in the western United States? SO CONDOR LA English DT Editorial Material DE Aquila chrysaetos; golden eagles; migration counts; population cycles; population trends ID POPULATION TRENDS; NORTH-AMERICA; CONSERVATION; RAPTORS AB A recent summary of raptor migration count data concluded that the status of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in western North America warranted concern (Hoffman and Smith 2003). Our analysis of these data did not lead us to the same conclusion. We have three specific concerns. First, the regional characterizations of eagle migration in Hoffman and Smith (2003) are based on a very small sample of sites. Therefore, we recommend that these characterizations be considered as hypothetical in nature. Second, we suggest that the population cycles and patterns of age-specific population change described by Hoffman and Smith (2003) are neither as general nor as clear-cut as they indicated. Finally, although the authors expressed concern about the status of Golden Eagles based upon both their findings and data from other sources, we did not find compelling evidence for population declines in our inspection of those same data. C1 Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP McCaffery, BJ (reprint author), Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 346, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. EM brian_mccaffery@fws.gov NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2005 VL 107 IS 2 BP 469 EP 473 DI 10.1650/7724 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 926PT UT WOS:000229135800026 ER PT J AU Field, EH Seligson, HA Gupta, N Gupta, V Jordan, TH Campbell, KW AF Field, EH Seligson, HA Gupta, N Gupta, V Jordan, TH Campbell, KW TI Loss estimates for a Puente Hills blind-thrust earthquake in Los Angeles, California SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID MAGNITUDE; FAULT AB Based on OpenSHA and HAZUS-MH, we present loss estimates for an earthquake rupture on the recently identified Puente Hills blind-thrust fault beneath Los Angeles. Given a range of possible magnitudes and ground motion models, and presuming a full fault rupture, we estimate the total economic loss to be between $82 and $252 billion. This range is not only considerably higher than a previous estimate of $69 billion, but also implies the event would be the costliest disaster in U.S. history The analysis has also provided the following predictions: 3,000-18,000 fatalities, 142,000-735,000 displaced households, 42,000-211,000 in need of short-term public shelter, and 30,000-99,000 tons of debris generated. Finally, we show that the choice of ground motion model can be more influential than the earthquake magnitude, and that reducing this epistemic uncertainty (e.g., via model improvement and/or rejection) could reduce the uncertainty of the loss estimates by up to a factor of two. We note that a full Puente Hills fault rupture is a rare event (once every similar to 3,000 years), and that other seismic sources pose significant risk as well. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. ABS Consulting Inc, Irvine, CA 92602 USA. Univ So Calif, So Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EQECAT Inc, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM field@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAY PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 329 EP 338 DI 10.1193/1.1898332 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 951VR UT WOS:000230960400003 ER PT J AU Holzer, TL Padovani, AC Bennett, MJ Noce, TE Tinsley, JC AF Holzer, TL Padovani, AC Bennett, MJ Noce, TE Tinsley, JC TI Mapping NEHRP V-S30 site classes SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA; MOTION AB Site-amplification potential in a 140-km(2) area on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay, California, was mapped with data from 210 seismic cone penetration test (SCPT) soundings. NEHRP V-S30 values were computed on a 50-m grid by both taking into account the thickness and using mean values of locally measured shear-wave velocities of shallow geologic units. The resulting map of NEHRP VS30 site classes differs from other published maps that (1) do not include unit thickness and (2) are based on regional compilations of velocity. Although much of the area in the new map is now classified as NEHRP Site Class D, the velocities of the geologic deposits within this area are either near the upper or lower V-S30 boundary of Class D. If maps of NEHRP site classes are to be based on geologic maps, velocity distributions of geologic units may need to be considered in the definition of V-S30 boundaries of NEHRP site classes. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. GeoSyntec Consultants, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. RP Holzer, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAY PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 353 EP 370 DI 10.1193/1.1895726 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 951VR UT WOS:000230960400005 ER PT J AU Wartman, J Rodriguez-Marek, A Macari, EJ Deaton, S Ramirez-Reynaga, M Ochoa, CN Callan, S Keefer, D Repetto, P Ovando-Shelley, E AF Wartman, J Rodriguez-Marek, A Macari, EJ Deaton, S Ramirez-Reynaga, M Ochoa, CN Callan, S Keefer, D Repetto, P Ovando-Shelley, E TI Geotechnical aspects of the January 2003 Tecoman, Mexico, earthquake SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB Ground failure was the most prominent geotechnical engineering feature of the 21 January 2003 M-w 7.6 Tecoman earthquake. Ground failure impacted structures, industrial facilities, roads, water Supply canals, and other critical infrastructure in the state of Colima and in parts of the neighboring states of Jalisco and Michoacan. Landslides and soil liquefaction were the most common type of ground failure, followed by seismic compression of unsaturated materials. Reinforced earth structures generally performed well during the earthquake, though some structures experienced permanent lateral deformations up to 10 cm. Different ground improvement techniques had been used to enhance the liquefaction resistance of several sites in the region, all of which performed well and exhibited no signs of damage or significant ground deformation. Earth dams in the region experienced some degree of permanent deformation but remained fully functional after the earthquake. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Texas, Coll Sci Math & Tech, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. Dataforens LLC, Tucker, GA 30084 USA. Comis Nacl Agua, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ colima, Observ Vulcanol, Colima 28045, Mexico. Hayward Baker Inc, Concord, CA 94520 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. URS Corp, Denver, CO 80237 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ingn, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Wartman, J (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAY PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 493 EP 538 DI 10.1193/1.1904064 PG 46 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 951VR UT WOS:000230960400011 ER PT J AU Freeman, DC Brown, ML Duda, JJ Graraham, JH Emlen, JM Krzysik, AJ Balbach, H Kovacic, DA Zak, JC AF Freeman, DC Brown, ML Duda, JJ Graraham, JH Emlen, JM Krzysik, AJ Balbach, H Kovacic, DA Zak, JC TI Leaf fluctuating asymmetry, soil disturbance and plant stress: a multiple year comparison using two herbs, Ipomoea pandurata and Cnidoscolus stimulosus SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE developmental instability; disturbance; Ipomoea; Cnidoscolus ID DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY AB We studied Cnidoscolus stimulosus and Ipomoea pandurata, two common herbs of the Fall Line Sandhills to assess their potential as ecosystem level stress indicators. We focused on plants because they are among the most persistent organisms in terrestrial ecosystems. We used developmental instability as an indicator of plant population stress. Developmental instability is usually measured as deviations from symmetry, in traits that normally develop symmetrically. Thus, symmetry represents an idealized a priori phenotype. Stress presumably causes perturbations during development that may exceed the capacity of the organism to buffer or correct, resulting in developmental instability, and hence deviations from this ideal. Soil disturbance imposed by different land use patterns at Fort Benning, Georgia provided a gradient of soil disturbance. In 2000-2002 we collected plants from nine different sites representing three levels of disturbance. In addition, in 2002 we collected microhabitat data in 1 m quadrats surrounding each plant whose developmental stability we also assessed. The developmental instability of both species was influenced by land use patterns, whether or not the sites had been previously burned, and microhabitat variables. Developmental instability increased with soil disturbance, burning in the prior year, and as the percentage of bare ground increased around the target individual. To some extent, favorable microhabitat conditions reduced developmental instability in sites with medium and high soil disturbance, whereas unfavorable conditions at low soil disturbance sites increased developmental instability. As an indicator of community level stress, developement instability is best used in conjunction with other indices of environmental quality. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USGS Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. Prescott Coll, Inst Ecol Res, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. USA, CERL, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Landscape Architecture, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Freeman, DC (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, 5047 Gullen Mall 1360, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM cfreeman@sun.science.wayne.edu RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009; OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634; Graham, John/0000-0003-1974-132X NR 19 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2004.05.002 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 937FW UT WOS:000229911000002 ER PT J AU Edwards, TC Cutler, DR Zimmermann, NE Geiser, L Alegria, J AF Edwards, TC Cutler, DR Zimmermann, NE Geiser, L Alegria, J TI Model-based stratifications for enhancing the detection of rare ecological events SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE classification trees; epiphytic lichens; model-based stratification; Northwest Forest Plan; rare lichens; sampling; species rarity ID FORESTS; RARITY; PLANTS; TREES; PERSPECTIVES; PREDICTION; VARIABLES; BIOMASS; BIRDS AB A common concern when designing surveys for rare species is ensuring sufficient detections for analytical purposes, such as estimating frequency on the landscape or modeling habitat relationships. Strict design-based approaches provide the least biased estimates but often result in low detection rates of rare species. Here, we demonstrate how model-based stratification can improve the probability of detecting five rare epiphytic macrolichens (Nephroma laevigatum, N. occultum, N. parile, Lobaria scrobiculataa, and Psuedocyphelaria rainierensis) in the Pacific Northwest. We constructed classification tree models for four more common lichens (L. oregana, L. pulmonaria, P. anomala, and P. anthraspis) that are associated with the rare species, then used the models to generate strata for sampling for the five lichen species considered rare. The classification tree models were developed using topographic and bio-climatic variables hypothesized to have direct relationships to the presence of the modeled lichen species. When the expected detection rates using the model-based stratification approach was tested on an independent data set, it resulted in two- to fivefold gains in detection compared to the observed detection rates for four of the five tested rare species. C1 Utah State Univ, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Dept Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. USDA, Forest Serv, Siuslaw Natl Forest, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. Bur Land Management, Oregon State Off, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Edwards, TC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tce@nr.usu.edu RI Zimmermann, Niklaus/A-4276-2008 OI Zimmermann, Niklaus/0000-0003-3099-9604 NR 47 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 14 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAY PY 2005 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1081 EP 1090 DI 10.1890/04-0608 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 924DW UT WOS:000228960000002 ER PT J AU MacKenzie, DI Nichols, JD Sutton, N Kawanishi, K Bailey, LL AF MacKenzie, DI Nichols, JD Sutton, N Kawanishi, K Bailey, LL TI Improving inferences in popoulation studies of rare species that are detected imperfectly SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; detection probability; occupancy; rare species; species richness ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; DETECTION PROBABILITY PARAMETERS; LOCAL EXTINCTION; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPES; BIRD COMMUNITIES; ESTIMATING RATES; POINT COUNTS; MODELS; ABUNDANCE AB For the vast majority of cases, it is highly unlikely that all the individuals of a population will be encountered during a study. Furthermore, it is unlikely that a constant fraction of the population is encountered over times, locations, or species to be compared. Hence, simple counts usually will not be good indices of population size. We recommend that detection probabilities (the probability of including an individual in a count) be estimated and incorporated into inference procedures. However, most techniques for estimating detection probability require moderate sample sizes, which may not be achievable when studying rare species. In order to improve the reliability of inferences from studies of rare species, we suggest two general approaches that researchers may wish to consider that incorporate the concept of imperfect detectability: (1) borrowing information about detectability or the other quantities of interest from other times, places, or species; and (2) using state variables other than abundance (e.g., species richness and occupancy). We illustrate these suggestions with examples and discuss the relative benefits and drawbacks of each approach. C1 Proteus Wildlife Res Consultants, Dunedin, New Zealand. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. Natl Pk Peninsular Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56100, Malaysia. Dept Wildlife, Kuala Lumpur 56100, Malaysia. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC USA. RP MacKenzie, DI (reprint author), Proteus Wildlife Res Consultants, POB 5193, Dunedin, New Zealand. EM Darry1@proteus.co.nz RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 NR 83 TC 173 Z9 180 U1 13 U2 115 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAY PY 2005 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1101 EP 1113 DI 10.1890/04-1060 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 924DW UT WOS:000228960000004 ER PT J AU Schuurman, G AF Schuurman, G TI Decomposition rates and termite assemblage composition in semiarid Africa SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Botswana; community composition; decomposition; ecosystem function; mopane woodland; Macrotermitinae; Okavango Delta; savanna; termites; Termitomyces ID MACROTERMES-BELLICOSUS ISOPTERA; FUNGUS-GROWING TERMITES; SOUTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; ORGANIC-MATTER; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; LEAF-LITTER; SOIL FAUNA; FOREST; DIVERSITY AB Outside of the humid tropics, abiotic factors are generally considered the dominant regulators of decomposition, and biotic influences are frequently not considered in predicting decomposition. rates. In this study, I examined the effect of termite assemblage composition and abundance on decomposition of wood litter of an indigenous species (Croton megalobotrys) in five terrestrial habitats of the highly seasonal semiarid Okavango Delta region of northern Botswana, to determine whether natural variation in decomposer community composition and abundance influences decomposition rates. I conducted the study in two areas, Xudum and Santawani, with the Xudum study preceding the Santawani study. I assessed termite assemblage composition and abundance using a grid of survey baits (rolls of toilet paper) placed on the soil surface and checked 2-4 times/month. I placed a billet (a section of wood litter) next to each survey bait and measured decomposition in a plot by averaging the mass loss of its billets. Decomposition rates varied up to sixfold among plots within the same habitat and locality, despite the fact that these plots experienced the same climate. In addition, billets decomposed significantly faster during the cooler and drier Santawani study, contradicting climate-based predictions. Because termite incidence was generally higher in Santawani plots, termite abundance initially seemed a likely determinant of decomposition in this system. However, no significant effect of termite incidence on billet mass loss rates was observed among the Xudum plots, where decomposition rates remained low even though termite incidence varied considerably. Considering the incidences of fungus-growing termites and non-fungus-growing termites separately resolves this apparent contradiction: in both Santawani and Xudum, only fungus-growing termites play a significant role in decomposition. This result is mirrored in an analysis of the full data set of combined Xudum and Santawani data. The determination that natural variation in the abundance of a single taxonomic group of soil fauna, a termite subfamily, determines almost all observed variation in decomposition rates supports the emerging view that biotic influences may be important in many biomes and that consideration of decomposer community composition and abundance may be critical for accurate prediction of decomposition rates. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Zool, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Schuurman, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 11, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM Gregor_Schuurman@usgs.gov NR 75 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 42 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAY PY 2005 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1236 EP 1249 DI 10.1890/03-0570 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 924DW UT WOS:000228960000019 ER PT J AU Stephenson, NL van Mantgem, PJ AF Stephenson, NL van Mantgem, PJ TI Forest turnover rates follow global and regional patterns of productivity SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE carbon dynamics; forest dynamics; forest turnover; mortality; net primary productivity; permanent sample plots; recruitment; temperate forest; tropical forest ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; TROPICAL FORESTS; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; AMAZONIAN FORESTS; SPECIES RICHNESS; TREE MORTALITY; RAIN-FORESTS; DYNAMICS; PLOTS; RECRUITMENT AB Using a global database, we found that forest turnover rates (the average of tree mortality and recruitment rates) parallel broad-scale patterns of net primary productivity. First, forest turnover was higher in tropical than in temperate forests. Second, as recently demonstrated by others, Amazonian forest turnover was higher on fertile than infertile soils. Third, within temperate latitudes, turnover was highest in angiosperm forests, intermediate in mixed forests, and lowest in gymnosperm forests. Finally, within a single forest physiognomic type, turnover declined sharply with elevation (hence with temperature). These patterns of turnover in populations of trees are broadly similar to the patterns of turnover in populations of plant organs (leaves and roots) found in other studies. Our findings suggest a link between forest mass balance and the population dynamics of trees, and have implications for understanding and predicting the effects of environmental changes on forest structure and terrestrial carbon dynamics. C1 Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Stephenson, NL (reprint author), Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, HCR 89,Box 4, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM nstephenson@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 8 IS 5 BP 524 EP 531 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00746.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 916PG UT WOS:000228397000008 PM 21352456 ER PT J AU Singer, DA Berger, VI Menzie, WD Berger, BR AF Singer, DA Berger, VI Menzie, WD Berger, BR TI Porphyry copper deposit density SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PLATE-TECTONICS; MINERALIZATION; BELT; CHINA; ANDES; PHILIPPINES; CORDILLERA; SUBDUCTION; MAGMATISM; INDONESIA AB Estimating numbers of undiscovered mineral deposits has been a source of unease among economic geologists yet is a fundamental task in considering future supplies of resources. Estimates can be based on frequencies of deposits per unit of permissive area in control areas around the world in the same way that grade and tonnage frequencies are models of sizes and qualities of undiscovered deposits. To prevent biased estimates it is critical that, for a particular deposit type, these deposit density models be internally consistent with descriptive and grade and tonnage models of the same type. In this analysis only deposits anal prospects that are likely to be included in future grade and tonnage models are employed, and deposits that have mineralization or alteration separated by less than an arbitrary, but consistent distance - 2 km for porphyry copper deposits - are combined into one deposit. Only 286 deposits and prospects that have more than half of the deposit not covered by postmineral rocks, sediments, or ice were counted. Nineteen control areas were selected and outlined along borders of hosting magmatic are terranes based on three main features: (1) extensive exploration for porphyry copper deposits, (2) definable geologic settings of the porphyry copper deposits in island and continental volcanic-arc subduction-boundary zones, and (3) diversity of epochs of porphyry copper deposit formation. Porphyry copper deposit densities van, from 2 to 128 deposits per 100,000 km(2) of exposed permissive rock, and the density histogram is skewed to high values. Ninety percent of the control areas have densities of four or more deposits, 50 percent have densities of 15 or more deposits, and 10 percent have densities of 35 or more deposits per 100,000 km(2). Deposit density, is not related to age or depth of emplacement. Porphyry, copper deposit density is inversely related to the exposed area of permissive rock. The linear regression line and confidence limits constructed with the 19 control areas can be used to estimate the number of undiscovered deposits, given the size of a permissive area. In an example of the use of the equations, we estimate a 90 percent chance of at least four, a 50 percent chance of at least 11, and a 10 percent chance of at least 34 undiscovered porphyry copper deposits in the exposed parts of the Andean belt of Antarctica, which has no known deposits in a permissive area of about 76,000 km(2). Measures of densities of deposits presented here allow rather simple yet robust estimation of the number of undiscovered porphyry copper deposits in exposed or covered permissive terranes. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Singer, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM singer@usgs.gov NR 106 TC 38 Z9 61 U1 6 U2 25 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 100 IS 3 BP 491 EP 514 DI 10.2113/100.3.491 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 937XT UT WOS:000229960500004 ER PT J AU Cunningham, CG Austin, GW Naeser, CW Rye, RO Ballantyne, GH Stamm, RG Barker, CE AF Cunningham, CG Austin, GW Naeser, CW Rye, RO Ballantyne, GH Stamm, RG Barker, CE TI Formation of a paleothermal anomaly and disseminated gold deposits associated with the Bingham canyon porphyry Cu-Au-Mo system, Utah - A reply SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Kennott Utah Copper Co, Bingham Canyon, UT 84006 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Rio Tinto Tech Serv, Murray, UT 84107 USA. RP Cunningham, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM cunningham@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 100 IS 3 BP 594 EP 595 DI 10.2113/100.3.594 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 937XT UT WOS:000229960500012 ER PT J AU Hamilton, SJ Holley, KM Buhl, KJ Bullard, FA Weston, LK McDdonald, SF AF Hamilton, SJ Holley, KM Buhl, KJ Bullard, FA Weston, LK McDdonald, SF TI Selenium impacts on razorback sucker, Colorado river, Colorado - I. Adults SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Review DE razorback sucker; Colorado river; endangered fish; accumulation; selenium; trace element ID FRESH-WATER FISH; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; RAINBOW-TROUT SALMO; CONTAMINANT-BIOMONITORING-PROGRAM; BLUEGILLS LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; XYRAUCHEN-TEXANUS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; GREEN RIVER AB Adult razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) were exposed to various selenium concentrations in ponds and isolated river channels of the Colorado River near Grand Junction, CO, to determine effects on their growth and residue accumulation over an 11-month period. Adults at Horsethief ponds were fed a commercial diet, whereas fish at Adobe Creek channel and North Pond foraged on natural food items. Selenium concentrations at Horsethief were 2.2 mu g/L in water, 0.1-1.4 mu g/g in sediment, and 2.3-3.1 mu g/g in food organisms (1.1 mu g/g in commercial fish food), at Adobe Creek were 3.8 mu g/L in water, 0.5-2.1 mu g/g in sediment, and 4-56 mu g/g in food organisms, and at North Pond were 9.5 mu g/L in water, 7-55 mu g/g in sediment, and 20-81 mu g/g in food organisms. The selenium concentrations in muscle plugs from adults at Adobe Creek (11.7 mu g/g, SD = 0.4, n = 6) and North Pond (16.6 mu g/g, SD = 1.0, n = 6) were greater than at Horsethief (4.5 mu g/g, SD = 0.2, n = 6). During a depuration period adults from Adobe Creek and North Pond lost 1-2% of their selenium burden in 32 days and 14-19% in 66 days. Selenium accumulated in razorback sucker above toxic thresholds reported in other studies, yet those residues were less than those reported in muscle plugs of 40% of wild razorback sucker caught in the Green River, Utah. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Field Res Stn, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA. RP Hamilton, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Field Res Stn, 31247 436th Ave, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. EM kevin_buhl@usgs.gov NR 121 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 61 IS 1 BP 7 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.07.002 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 919MV UT WOS:000228623100002 PM 15814307 ER PT J AU Hamilton, SJ Holley, KM Buhl, KJ Bullard, FA AF Hamilton, SJ Holley, KM Buhl, KJ Bullard, FA TI Selenium impacts on razorback sucker, Colorado River, Colorado - II. Eggs SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE razorback sucker; Colorado river; endangered fish; eggs; selenium; trace element ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FRESH-WATER FISH; CONTAMINANT-BIOMONITORING-PROGRAM; BLUEGILLS LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; AQUATIC BIRDS; GROWTH; REPRODUCTION AB Effects on hatching and development of fertilized eggs in adult razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) exposed to selenium in flooded bottomland sites near Grand Junction, Colorado, were determined. After 9 months exposure, fish were collected and induced to spawn and eggs collected for inorganic element analyses. A 9-day egg study was conducted with five spawns from Horsethief ponds, six spawns from Adobe Creek channel, and four spawns from North Pond using a reference water and site waters. Selenium concentrations in eggs were 6.5 mu g/g from Horsethief, 46 mu g/g from Adobe Creek, 38 mu g/g from North Pond, and 6.0 mu g/g from brood stock. Eggs from young adults had a smaller diameter and higher moisture content than brood stock. There were no differences among the four sources in viability, survival, hatch, hatchability, or mortality of deformed embryos or larvae. Adobe Creek larvae had more deformed embryos in eggs held in site water than held in reference water. There were significant negative correlations between selenium concentrations in adult muscle plugs and percent hatch, egg diameter, and deformities in embryos. Results from this study suggest that selenium contamination in parts of the upper basin of the Colorado River should be a major concern to recovery efforts for endangered fish. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Columbia Environm Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Field Res Stn, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA. RP Hamilton, SJ (reprint author), Columbia Environm Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Field Res Stn, 31247 436th Ave, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. EM kevin_buhl@usgs.gov RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 72 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 61 IS 1 BP 32 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.07.003 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 919MV UT WOS:000228623100003 PM 15814308 ER PT J AU Rostad, CE AF Rostad, CE TI Screening of polar components of petroleum products by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY PETROLEUM; FULVIC-ACID; IDENTIFICATION; RESOLUTION; FUEL AB The polar components of fuels may enable differentiation between fuel types or commercial fuel sources. Screening for these components in the hydrocarbon product is difficult due to their very low concentrations in such a complex matrix. Various commercial fuels from several sources were analyzed by flow injection analysis/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry without extensive sample preparation, separation, or chromatography. This technique enabled screening for unique polar components at very low concentrations in commercial hydrocarbon products. This analysis was then applied to hydrocarbon samples collected from the subsurface with a different extent of biodegradation or weathering. Although the alkane and isoprenoid portion had begun to biodegrade or weather, the polar components had changed little over time. Because these polar compounds are unique in different fuels, this screening technique can provide source information on hydrocarbons released into the environment. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Rostad, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 408 Bldg 95, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM cerostad@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 992 EP 997 DI 10.1021/ef049752y PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 929CW UT WOS:000229320700038 ER PT J AU Eggleton, MA Ramirez, R Hargrave, CW Gido, KB Masoner, JR Schnell, GD Matthews, WJ AF Eggleton, MA Ramirez, R Hargrave, CW Gido, KB Masoner, JR Schnell, GD Matthews, WJ TI Predictability of littoral-zone fish communities through ontogeny in Lake Texoma, Oklahoma-Texas, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE reservoirs; littoral-zone fishes; larval fishes; environmental gradients ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; SPATIAL PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; ASSEMBLAGES; RESERVOIR; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; COVER; SHAD; SET AB We sampled larval, juvenile and adult fishes from littoral-zone areas of a large reservoir (Lake Texoma, Oklahoma-Texas) (1) to characterize environmental factors that influenced fish community structure, (2) to examine how consistent fish-environment relationships were through ontogeny (i.e., larval vs. juvenile and adult), and (3) to measure the concordance of larval communities sampled during spring to juvenile and adult communities sampled at the same sites later in the year. Larval, juvenile and adult fish communities were dominated by Atherinidae (mainly inland silverside, Menidia beryllina) and Moronidae (mainly juvenile striped bass, Morone saxatilis) and were consistently structured along a gradient of site exposure to prevailing winds and waves. Larval, juvenile and adult communities along this gradient varied from atherinids and moronids at highly exposed sites to mostly centrarchids (primarily Lepomis and Micropterus spp.) at protected sites. Secondarily, zooplankton densities, water clarity, and land-use characteristics were related to fish community structure. Rank correlation analyses and Mantel tests indicated that the spatial consistency and predictability of fish communities was high as larval fishes sampled during spring were concordant with juvenile and adult fishes sampled at the same sites during summer and fall in terms of abundance, richness, and community structure. We propose that the high predictability and spatial consistency of littoral-zone fishes in Lake Texoma was a function of relatively simple communities (dominated by 1-2 species) that were structured by factors, such as site exposure to winds and waves, that varied little through time. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Samuel Noble Oklahoma Museum Nat Hist, Norman, OK 73072 USA. US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Lab, Ada, OK 74821 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Biol Stn, Kingston, OK 73479 USA. RP Eggleton, MA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, 1200 N Univ Dr,Box 4912, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. EM meggleton@uaex.edu RI Gido, Keith/B-5151-2013 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 2005 VL 73 IS 1 BP 21 EP 36 DI 10.1007/s10641-004-3797-1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 922ZN UT WOS:000228878500004 ER PT J AU Martin, BA Saiki, MK AF Martin, BA Saiki, MK TI Relation of desert pupfish abundance to selected environmental variables in natural and manmade habitats in the Salton Sea basin SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE species assemblages; predation; water quality; habitat requirements; ecological interactions; endangered species ID CYPRINODON-MACULARIUS; TEMPERATURE; TOLERANCES; ARIZONA AB We assessed the relation between abundance of desert pupfish, Cyprinodon macularius, and selected biological and physicochemical variables in natural and manmade habitats within the Salton Sea Basin. Field sampling in a natural tributary, Salt Creek, and three agricultural drains captured eight species including pupfish (1.1% of the total catch), the only native species encountered. According to Bray-Curtis resemblance functions, fish species assemblages differed mostly between Salt Creek and the drains (i.e., the three drains had relatively similar species assemblages). Pupfish numbers and environmental variables varied among sites and sample periods. Canonical correlation showed that pupfish abundance was positively correlated with abundance of western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, and negatively correlated with abundance of porthole livebearers, Poeciliopsis gracilis, tilapias (Sarotherodon mossambica and Tilapia zillii), longjaw mudsuckers, Gillichthys mirabilis, and mollies (Poecilia latipinnaandPoecilia mexicana). In addition, pupfish abundance was positively correlated with cover, pH, and salinity, and negatively correlated with sediment factor (a measure of sediment grain size) and dissolved oxygen. Pupfish abundance was generally highest in habitats where water quality extremes (especially high pH and salinity, and low dissolved oxygen) seemingly limited the occurrence of nonnative fishes. This study also documented evidence of predation by mudsuckers on pupfish. These findings support the contention of many resource managers that pupfish populations are adversely influenced by ecological interactions with nonnative fishes. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dixon Duty Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Martin, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dixon Duty Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM barbara_ann_martin@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 2005 VL 73 IS 1 BP 97 EP 107 DI 10.1007/s10641-004-5569-3 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 922ZN UT WOS:000228878500011 ER PT J AU Hamilton, SJ Buhl, KJ AF Hamilton, SJ Buhl, KJ TI Selenium in the Blackfoot, Salt, and Bear River watersheds SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE selenium; phosphate mining; Idaho; hazard assessment ID SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY; TOXICITY THRESHOLDS; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; ENVIRONMENTAL-HAZARD; QUALITY CRITERIA; TRACE-ELEMENTS; FOOD-CHAIN; FLY-ASH; CALIFORNIA; ACCUMULATION AB Nine stream sites in the Blackfoot River, Salt River, and Bear River watersheds in southeast Idaho, USA were sampled in May 2001 for water, surficial sediment, aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, and fish. Selenium was measured in these aquatic ecosystem components, and a hazard assessment was performed on the data. Water quality characteristics such as pH, hardness, and specific conductance were relatively uniform among the nine sites. Of the aquatic components assessed, water was the least contaminated with selenium because measured concentrations were below the national water quality criterion of 5 μ g/L at eight of the nine sites. In contrast, selenium was elevated in sediment, aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, and fish from several sites, suggesting deposition in sediments and food web cycling through plants and invertebrates. Selenium was elevated to concentrations of concern in fish at eight sites (> 4 μ g/g in whole body). A hazard assessment of selenium in the aquatic environment suggested a moderate hazard at upper Angus Creek (UAC) and Smoky Creek (SC), and high hazard at Little Blackfoot River (LiB), Blackfoot River gaging station (BGS), State Land Creek (SLC), upper (UGC) and lower Georgetown Creek (LGC), Deer Creek (DC), and Crow Creek (CC). The results of this study indicate that selenium concentrations from the phosphate mining area of southeast Idaho were sufficiently elevated in several ecosystem components to cause adverse effects to aquatic resources in southeastern Idaho. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Field Res Stn, Yankton, SD USA. RP Buhl, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Field Res Stn, 436th Ave, Yankton, SD USA. EM kevin_buhl@usgs.gov NR 83 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 104 IS 1-3 BP 309 EP 339 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-1618-4 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 924LE UT WOS:000228979500021 PM 15931994 ER PT J AU Majer, V Kram, P Shanley, JB AF Majer, V Kram, P Shanley, JB TI Rapid regional recovery from sulfate and nitrate pollution in streams of the western Czech Republic - comparison to other recovering areas SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE regional hydrochemistry; stream survey.; acidification recovery; sulfate; nitrate ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; GEOMON NETWORK; CENTRAL-EUROPE; FRESH-WATERS; ACIDIFICATION; CHEMISTRY; TRENDS; LAKES AB Hydrochemical changes between 1991 and 2001 were assessed based on two synoptic stream surveys from the 820-km(2) region of the Slavkov Forest and surrounding area, western Czech Republic. Marked declines of sulfate, nitrate, chloride, calcium and magnesium in surface waters were compared with other areas of Europe and North America recovering from acidification. Declines of sulfate concentration in the Slavkov Forest (-30 mueq L-1 yr(-1)) were more dramatic than declines reported from other sites. However, these dramatic declines of strong acid anions did not generate a widespread increase of stream water pH in the Slavkov Forest. Only the most acidic streams experienced a slight increase of pH by 0.5 unit. An unexpected decline of stream water pH occurred in slightly alkaline streams. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Czech Geol Survey, Prague 11821 1, Czech Republic. US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. RP Kram, P (reprint author), Czech Geol Survey, Klarov 3, Prague 11821 1, Czech Republic. EM kram@cgu.cz NR 43 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 135 IS 1 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.10.009 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 904IC UT WOS:000227488300003 PM 15701389 ER PT J AU Du Preez, LH van Rensburg, PJJ Jooste, AM Carr, JA Giesy, JP Gross, TS Kendall, RJ Smith, EE Van Der Kraak, G Solomon, KR AF Du Preez, LH van Rensburg, PJJ Jooste, AM Carr, JA Giesy, JP Gross, TS Kendall, RJ Smith, EE Van Der Kraak, G Solomon, KR TI Seasonal exposures to triazine and other pesticides in surface waters in the western Highveld corn-production region in South Africa SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE atrazine; terbuthylazine; surface water; corn production ID ATRAZINE; HERBICIDES; PERSISTENCE; RIVER; IOWA; US AB The objective of this study was to characterize concentrations of atrazine, terbuthylazine, and other pesticides in amphibian habitats in surface waters of a corn-production area of the western Highveld region (North-West Province) of South Africa. The study was conducted from November 2001 to June 2002, coinciding with the corn-production season. Pesticide residues were measured at regular intervals in surface water from eight ponds, three in a non-corn-growing area (NCGA) and five within the corn-growing area (CGA). Measured atrazine concentrations differed significantly among sites and between samples. In the five CGA sites, the maximum atrazine concentrations measured during the study ranged from 1.2 to 9.3 mug/L. Although no atrazine was recorded as being applied in the catchment of the three NCGA sites, maximum concentrations from 0.39 to 0.84 mug/L were measured during the study, possibly as a result of atmospheric transport. Maximum measured concentrations of terbuthylazine ranged from 1.22 to 2.1 mug/L in the NCGA sites and from 1.04 to 4.1 mug/L in the CGA sites. The source of terbuthylazine in the NCGA sites may have been in use other than in corn. The triazine degradation products, deisopropylatrazine (DIA) and deethylatrazine (DEA) and diaminochlorotriazine (DACT) were also found in water from both the CGA and NCGA sites. Concentrations of DIA were greater than or equal to 1 mug/L throughout the season, while DEA concentrations were mostly < 0.5 mug/L before planting but increased after planting and application of herbicides to concentrations > 2 mug/L in some locations. Concentrations of DACT were highly variable (LOD to 8 mug/L) both before and after planting and application, suggesting that they resulted from historical use of triazines in the area. Other herbicides such as simazine and acetochlor were only detected infrequently and pesticides such as S-metolachlor, cypermethrin, monocrotophos, and terbuphos, known to be used in the CGA, were not detected in any of the samples. Because of dilution by higher than normal rainfall in the study period, these concentrations may not be predictive of those in years of normal rainfall. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N W Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Dev, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, USGS, BRD, Gainesville, FL USA. Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Zool, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Guelph, Ctr Toxicol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Du Preez, LH (reprint author), N W Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Dev, Potchefstroom Campus,Private Bag X6001, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. EM drklhdp@puk.ac.za; mkbpjjvr@puk.ac.za; james.carr@ttu.edu; jgiesy@aol.com; tim_s_gross@usgs.gov; esmith@ttu.edu; gvanderk@uoguelph.ca; ksolomon@uoguelph.ca RI Jansen van Rensburg, Peet/F-9004-2010; OI Jansen van Rensburg, Peet/0000-0001-6911-1866 NR 26 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 135 IS 1 BP 131 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.09.019 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 904IC UT WOS:000227488300014 PM 15701400 ER PT J AU Sandstrom, MW Kolpin, DW Thurman, EM Zaugg, SD AF Sandstrom, MW Kolpin, DW Thurman, EM Zaugg, SD TI Widespread detection of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide in US streams: Comparison with concentrations of pesticides, personal care products, and other organic wastewater compounds SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE insect repellant; personal care products; surface water ID INSECT REPELLENT; PYRIDOSTIGMINE BROMIDE; DEET; METABOLISM; RAT; PHARMACEUTICALS; ACID; CONTAMINANTS; INHIBITION; ABSORPTION AB One of the most frequently detected organic chemicals in a nationwide study concerning the effects of wastewater on stream water quality conducted in the year 2000 was the widely used insect repellant NN-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). It was detected at levels of 0.02 mu g/L or greater in 73% of the stream sites sampled, with the selection of sampling sites being biased toward streams thought to be subject to wastewater contamination (i.e., downstream from intense urbanization and livestock production). Although DEET frequently was detected at all sites, the median concentration was low (0.05 mu g/L). The highest concentrations of DEET were found in streams from the urban areas (maximum concentration, 1.1 mu g/L). The results of the present study suggest that the movement of DEET to streams through wastewater- treatment systems is an important mechanism that might lead to the exposure of aquatic organisms to this chemical. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80255 USA. US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. Univ Almeria, Dept Analyt Chem, Almeria 04120, Spain. RP Sandstrom, MW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 407, Denver, CO 80255 USA. EM sandstro@usgs.gov RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011; Sandstrom, Mark/D-5969-2013; OI Sandstrom, Mark/0000-0003-0006-5675 NR 28 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 13 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1029 EP 1034 DI 10.1897/04-297R.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 919OJ UT WOS:000228627100003 PM 16110978 ER PT J AU Mukhi, S Carr, JA Anderson, TA Patino, R AF Mukhi, S Carr, JA Anderson, TA Patino, R TI Novel biomarkers of perchlorate exposure in zebrafish SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE perchlorate; thyroid; thyroxine; angiogenesis; hypertrophy ID ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; AMMONIUM-PERCHLORATE; THYROID-FUNCTION; DRINKING-WATER; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; HORMONE; RATS; METAMORPHOSIS; THYROGLOBULIN AB Perchlorate inhibits iodide uptake by thyroid follicles and lowers thyroid hormone production. Although several effects of perchlorate on the thyroid system have been reported, the utility of these pathologies as markers of environmental perchlorate exposures has not been adequately assessed. The present study examined time-course and concentration-dependent effects of perchlorate on thyroid follicle hypertrophy, colloid depletion, and angiogenesis; alterations in whole-body thyroxine (T-4) levels; and somatic growth and condition factor of subadult and adult zebrafish. Changes in the intensity of the colloidal T-4 ring previously observed in zebratish also were examined immunohistochemically. Three-month-old zebrafish were exposed to ammonium perchlorate at measured perchlorate concentrations of 0, 11, 90, 1,13 1, and 11,480 ppb for 12 weeks and allowed to recover in clean water for 12 weeks. At two weeks of exposure, the lowest-observed-effective concentrations (LOECs) of perchlorate that induced angiogenesis and depressed the intensity of colloidal T-4 ring were 90 and 1, 131 ppb, respectively; other parameters were not affected (whole-body T-4 was riot determined at this time). At 12 weeks of exposure, LOECs for colloid depletion, hypertrophy, angiogenesis, and colloidal T-4 ring were 11,480, Ll 31, 90, and 11 ppb, respectively. All changes were reversible, but residual effects on angiogenesis and colloidal T-4 ring intensity were still present after 12 weeks of recovery (LOEC, 11,480 ppb). Whole-body T-4 concentration, body growth (length and weight), and condition factor were not affected by perchlorate. The sensitivity and longevity of changes in colloidal T-4 ring intensity and angiogenesis suggest their usefulness as novel markers of perchlorate exposure. The 12-week LOEC for Colloidal T-4 ring is the lowest reported for any perchlorate biomarker in aquatic vertebrates. C1 Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Patino, R (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM reynaldo.patino@ttu.edu NR 45 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 14 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1107 EP 1115 DI 10.1897/04-270R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 919OJ UT WOS:000228627100013 PM 16110988 ER PT J AU Valenti, TW Cherry, DS Neves, RJ Schmerfeld, J AF Valenti, TW Cherry, DS Neves, RJ Schmerfeld, J TI Acute and chronic toxicity of mercury to early life stages of the rainbow mussel, Villosa iris (Bivalvia : Unionidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussel; mercury; glochidia; juvenile; chronic ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; CLINCH RIVER; HEAVY-METALS; GLOCHIDIA; POLLUTION; VIRGINIA; HISTORY; COPPER; PEARLYMUSSEL; PROPAGATION AB Mercury (Hg) contamination is receiving increased attention globally because of human health and environmental concerns. Few laboratory studies have examined the toxicity of Hg on early life stages of freshwater mussels, despite evidence that glochidia and juvenile life stages are more sensitive to contaminants than adults. Three bioassays (72-h acute glochidia, 96-h acute juvenile, and 21-d chronic juvenile toxicity tests) were conducted by exposing Villosa iris to mercuric chloride salt (HgCl2). Glochidia were more sensitive to acute exposure than were juvenile mussels, as 24-, 48-, and 72-h median lethal concentration values (LC50) for glochidia were > 107, 39, and 14 mu g Hg/L, respectively. The 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-h values for juveniles were 162, 135, 114, and 99 mu g Hg/L, respectively. In the chronic test, juveniles exposed to Hg treatments >= 8 Rg/L grew significantly less than did control organisms. The substantial difference in juvenile test endpoints emphasizes the importance of assessing chronic exposure and sublethal effects. Overall, our study supports the use of glochidia as a surrogate life stage for juveniles in acute toxicity tests. However, as glochidia may be used only in short-term tests, it is imperative that an integrated approach be taken when assessing risk to freshwater mussels, as their unique life history is atypical of standard test organisms. Therefore, we strongly advocate the use of both glochidia and juvenile life stages for risk assessment. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Virginia Field Off, Gloucester, VA 23061 USA. RP Valenti, TW (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM tvalenti@vt.edu NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 18 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1242 EP 1246 DI 10.1897/04-261R.1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 919OJ UT WOS:000228627100031 PM 16111006 ER PT J AU Boone, MD Bridges, CM Fairchild, JF Little, EE AF Boone, MD Bridges, CM Fairchild, JF Little, EE TI Multiple sublethal chemicals negatively affect tadpoles of the green frog, Rana clamitans SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fertilizers; insecticide; carbaryl; nitrate; amphibian decline ID UV-B; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; NITRATE; INSECTICIDE; PESTICIDE; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; HABITAT; POPULATIONS; COMPETITION AB Many habitats may be exposed to multiple chemical contaminants, particularly in agricultural areas where fertilizer and pesticide use are common; however, the singular and interactive effects of contaminants are not well understood. The objective of our study was to examine how realistic, sublethal environmental levels of ammonium nitrate fertilizer (0, 10, 20 mg/L and ammonium chloride control) and the common insecticide carbaryl (0 or 2.5 mg/L) individually and interactively affect the development, size, and survival of green frog (Rana clamitans) tadpoles. We reared tadpoles for 95 d in outdoor 1,000-L polyethylene ponds. We found that the combiriation of carbaryl and nitrate had a negative effect on development and mass of tadpoles compared to the positive effect that either contaminant had alone. Presence of carbaryl was generally associated with short-term increases in algal resources, including ponds exposed to both carbaryl and nitrate. However, with exposure to nitrate and carbaryl, tadpole mass and development were not positively affected as with one chemical stressor alone. The combination of these sublethal contaminants may reduce the ability of amphibians to benefit from food-rich environments or have metabolic costs. Our study demonstrates the importance of considering multiple stressors when evaluating population- level responses. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Boone, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM boonemd@muohio.edu NR 30 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 15 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1267 EP 1272 DI 10.1897/04-319R.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 919OJ UT WOS:000228627100035 PM 16111010 ER PT J AU Letcher, BH Horton, GE Dubreuil, TL O'Donnell, MJ AF Letcher, BH Horton, GE Dubreuil, TL O'Donnell, MJ TI A field test of the extent of bias in selection estimates after accounting for emigration SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; emigration; selection; selection differentials; size dependence ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; DWELLING ATLANTIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; NATURAL-SELECTION; DOWNSTREAM MIGRATION; STREAM; POPULATIONS; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; AUTUMN AB Question: To what extent does trait-dependent emigration bias selection estimates in a natural system? Organisms: Two freshwater cohorts of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) juveniles. Field site: A 1 km stretch of a small stream (West Brook) in western Massachusetts, USA from which emigration could be detected continuously. Methods: Estimated viability selection differentials for body size either including or ignoring emigration (include = emigrants survived interval, ignore = emigrants did not survive interval) for 12 intervals. Results: Seasonally variable size-related emigration from our study site generated variable levels of bias in selection estimates for body size. The magnitude of this bias was closely related with the extent of size-dependent emigration during each interval. Including or ignoring the effects of emigration changed the significance of selection estimates in 5 of the 12 intervals, and changed the estimated direction of selection in 4 of the 12 intervals. These results indicate the extent to which inferences about selection in a natural system can be biased by failing to account for trait-dependent emigration. C1 USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Letcher, BH (reprint author), USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM bletcher@forwild.umass.edu NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1522-0613 J9 EVOL ECOL RES JI Evol. Ecol. Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 7 IS 4 BP 643 EP 650 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 936PU UT WOS:000229868700010 ER PT J AU Finlayson, B Somer, W Duffield, D Propst, D Mellison, C Pettengill, T Sexauer, H Nesler, T Gurtin, S Elliot, J Partridge, F Skaar, D AF Finlayson, B Somer, W Duffield, D Propst, D Mellison, C Pettengill, T Sexauer, H Nesler, T Gurtin, S Elliot, J Partridge, F Skaar, D TI Native inland trout restoration on national forests in the western United States: Time for improvement? SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; NORTH-AMERICA; ROTENONE USE; STREAM; LAKE AB The piscicides rotenone and antimycin are integral to successful restoration of native inland trout populations on public lands in the western United States by removing nonnative fishes that compete and hybridize with 13 species and subspecies of native trout. The U.S. Forest Service administers the greatest portion of native inland trout habitat on public lands. Piscicide use by state and federal agencies on national forests has become encumbered by redundant processes, uneven and irregular application of policies and regulations, and overlapping authorities. This has culminated in project delays and cancellations, placing native trout at continued, if not heightened, extinction risks. We reviewed the status of native trout restoration efforts on national forests in the western United States and considered issues associated with piscicide use. Central to the issue is whether piscicide applications by states require a permit from the Forest Service; those that required a permit usually invoked a redundant, federal environmental review process that precipitated the project delays. Based upon this review, we recommend that the Forest Service proceed with their proposal for a uniform standard for piscicide use by responsible government agencies on Forest Service administered lands. Doing so would streamline bureaucracy, speed future restoration efforts, and improve the status of imperiled native inland trouts without affecting environmental safeguards. C1 Calif Dept Fish & Game, Rancho Cordova, CA USA. Forest Serv, Ogden, UT USA. New Mexico Dept Game & Fish, Santa Fe, NM USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV USA. Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Pinedale, WY USA. Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ USA. Nevada Dept Wildlife, Elko, NV USA. Idaho Fish & Game Dept, Boise, ID USA. Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Helena, MT USA. RP Finlayson, B (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Game, Rancho Cordova, CA USA. EM bfinlays@ospr.dfg.ca.gov NR 57 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAY PY 2005 VL 30 IS 5 BP 10 EP 19 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2005)30[10:NITRON]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 925EB UT WOS:000229033200007 ER PT J AU Meka, JM McCormick, SD AF Meka, JM McCormick, SD TI Physiological response of wild rainbow trout to angling: impact of angling duration, fish size, body condition, and temperature SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE rainbow trout; Oncorhynchus mykiss; angling; stress physiology; temperature; cortisol; glucose; lactate; weight/length residuals; body condition ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; STRESS RESPONSES; PLASMA-CORTISOL; CLOVE OIL; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE; HANDLING STRESS; LARGEMOUTH BASS AB This study evaluated the immediate physiological response of wild rainbow trout to catch-and-release angling in the Alagnak River, southwest Alaska. Information was recorded on individual rainbow trout (n = 415) captured by angling including landing time and the time required to remove hooks (angling duration), the time to anesthetize fish in clove oil and withdraw blood, fish length and weight, and water temperature at capture locations. Plasma cortisol, glucose, ions (sodium, potassium, chloride), and lactate were analyzed to determine the effects of angling duration, fish size, body condition, and temperature. Levels of plasma ions did not change significantly during the observed physiological response and levels of plasma glucose were sometimes influenced by length (2000,2001), body condition (2001), or temperature (2001). Levels of plasma cortisol and lactate in extended capture fish (angling duration greater than 2 min) were significantly higher than levels in rapid capture fish (angling duration less than 2 min). Rapid capture fish were significantly smaller than extended capture fish, reflecting that fish size influenced landing and handling times. Fish size was related to cortisol and lactate in 2002, which corresponded to the year when larger fish were captured and there were longer landing times. Body condition (i.e., weight/length regression residuals index), was significantly related to lactate in 2000 and 2001. Water temperatures were higher in 2001 (mean temperature +/- S.E., 13 +/- 2 degrees C) than in 2002 (10 +/- 2 degrees C), and fish captured in 2001 had significantly higher cortisol and lactate concentrations than fish captured in 2002. The pattern of increase in plasma cortisol and lactate was due to the amount of time fish were angled, and the upper limit of the response was due to water temperature. The results of this study indicate the importance of minimizing the duration of angling in order to reduce the sublethal physiological disturbances in wild fish subjected to catch-and-release angling, particularly during warmer water temperatures. It is also important to note that factors such as fish size may influence both the duration of angling and subsequent physiological response. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Biol Sci Off, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Meka, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Biol Sci Off, 1011 E Tudor Rd MS701, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM julie_meka@usgs.gov; stephen_mccormick@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 6 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2-3 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2004.10.006 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 916FL UT WOS:000228370700016 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, JK White, AF Bullen, TD AF Aggarwal, JK White, AF Bullen, TD TI Weathering and uptake of silicon in the Santa Cruz terraces: new evidence from silicon isotopes. SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A689 EP A689 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702155 ER PT J AU Aiken, GR Ryan, JN Nagy, KL AF Aiken, GR Ryan, JN Nagy, KL TI Interactions between dissolved organic matter and mercury in aquatic environments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM graiken@usgs.gov RI Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A540 EP A540 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701461 ER PT J AU Alpers, CN Majzlan, J McCleskey, RB Nordstrom, DK Navrotsky, A AF Alpers, CN Majzlan, J McCleskey, RB Nordstrom, DK Navrotsky, A TI Thermodynamic data for hydrated ferric sulfates and application to secondary minerals at Iron Mountain, California SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Univ Freiburg, Inst Mineral Petr & Geochem, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cnalpers@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A767 EP A767 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702306 ER PT J AU Anderson, AJ Mayanovic, RA Bassett, WA Chou, IM AF Anderson, AJ Mayanovic, RA Bassett, WA Chou, IM TI X-ray microspectroscopic analyses of mineral-fluid and melt-fluid interactions at extreme temperatures and pressures SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 St Francis Xavier Univ, Antigonish, NS B2G 1C0, Canada. SW Missouri State Univ, Springfield, MO 65802 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM aanderso@stfx.ca; ram051f@smsu.edu; bassett@geology.geo.cornell.edu; imchou@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A52 EP A52 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700101 ER PT J AU Arai, Y Bargar, JR Davis, JA AF Arai, Y Bargar, JR Davis, JA TI Effects of monomeric silicate anion on uranyl adsorption and surface speciation at the hematite-water interface SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID ID COMPLEXES C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM yarai@usgs.gov; bargar@slac.stanford.edu; jadavis@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A620 EP A620 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702019 ER PT J AU Bain, DJ Bullen, TD AF Bain, DJ Bullen, TD TI Chromium isotope fractionation during oxidation of Cr(III) by manganese oxides SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM djbain@usgs.gov; tdbullen@usgs.gov RI Bain, Daniel/G-3055-2013 NR 2 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A212 EP A212 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700411 ER PT J AU Ball, JW Izbicki, JA Bullen, TD Johnson, TM AF Ball, JW Izbicki, JA Bullen, TD Johnson, TM TI Tracing sources, movement, and fate of hexavalent Cr in ground water using Cr stable isotope variations SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, San Diego, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM jwball@usgs.gov; jaizbick@usgs.gov; tdbullen@usgs.gov; tmjohnsn@uiuc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A204 EP A204 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700396 ER PT J AU Bargar, JR Fuller, CC Webb, SM Tebo, BM AF Bargar, JR Fuller, CC Webb, SM Tebo, BM TI Nanoparticulate bacteriogenic manganese oxides: Environmental reactivity and stuctural chemistry SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM bargar@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu; ccfuller@usgs.gov; samwebb@slac.stanford.edu; btebo@ucsd.edu RI Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009 OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A461 EP A461 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701306 ER PT J AU Bindeman, I Eiler, J Sarna-Wojcicki, AM AF Bindeman, I Eiler, J Sarna-Wojcicki, AM TI Oxygen-17 excesses in products of stratospheric volcanic eruptions and depletion of the ozone layer SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. CALTECH, GPS, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USGS, Tephrochronol Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM ilya@uoregon.edu RI Bindeman, Ilya/D-2497-2012 OI Bindeman, Ilya/0000-0003-2778-9083 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A448 EP A448 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701281 ER PT J AU Blum, A Hellmann, R AF Blum, A Hellmann, R TI Weathering within soils developed on a chronosequence of glacial moraines in the French Alps SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. LGIT, Fluids & Dynam Crust Grp, F-38041 Grenoble, France. EM aeblum@usgs.gov; hellmann@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A682 EP A682 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702140 ER PT J AU Bond, DL Davis, JA Zachara, JM AF Bond, DL Davis, JA Zachara, JM TI Chemical factors controlling U(VI) mobility in a Hanford aquifer SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dlbond@usgs.gov; jadavis@usgs.gov; john.zachara@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A478 EP A478 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701341 ER PT J AU Calvert, AT Fierstein, J Hildreth, W AF Calvert, AT Fierstein, J Hildreth, W TI High-precision argon dating at young are volcanoes: Understanding the past 40 kyr at Middle Sister, OR SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 USGS, Volcano Hazards Team, MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM acalvert@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A269 EP A269 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700523 ER PT J AU Cecil, LD AF Cecil, LD TI Environmental change recorded in mid-latitude ice cores from southern North America and Central Asia: Comparison of chlorine-36 and iodine-129 profiles and the implications for stewardship of the environment SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM ldcecil@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A712 EP A712 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702201 ER PT J AU Christiansen, RL AF Christiansen, RL TI Post-Laramide tectonomagmatics of the US Cordillera SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A136 EP A136 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700265 ER PT J AU Chudaev, O Chudaeva, VA Sugimori, K Kuno, A Matsuo, M Nordstrom, DK AF Chudaev, O Chudaeva, VA Sugimori, K Kuno, A Matsuo, M Nordstrom, DK TI Geochemistry of thermal waters of Mendeleev Volcano (Kuril Islands) SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Far E Geol Inst, Vladivostok, Russia. Pacific Inst Geog, Vladivostok, Russia. Toho Univ, Sch Med, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. EM chudaev@fegi.ru; valchud@hotmail.com; kensan@med.toho-u.ac.jp; kuno@dolphin.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp; dkn@usgs.gov RI Matsuo, M/A-2515-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A837 EP A837 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702439 ER PT J AU Clynne, MA Wolfe, EW Calvert, AT Pallister, JS Champion, DE Lanphere, MA Evarts, RC AF Clynne, MA Wolfe, EW Calvert, AT Pallister, JS Champion, DE Lanphere, MA Evarts, RC TI Eruptive history of mount St. Helens, Washington - A summary with new data SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Vancouver, WA USA. US Geol Survey, Western Earth Surface Proc Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mclynne@usgs.gov; ewwolfe@usgs.gov; acalvert@usgs.gov; jpallist@usgs.gov; dchamp@usgs.gov; alder@usgs.gov; revarts@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A270 EP A270 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700525 ER PT J AU Conrey, RM Evarts, RC Fleck, RJ AF Conrey, RM Evarts, RC Fleck, RJ TI Location of the Miocene-Pleistocene cascade arc volcanic front in the Portland basin SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Washington State Univ, GeoAnal Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USGS, MS973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM conrey@mail.wsu.edu; revarts@usgs.gov; fleck@usgs.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A267 EP A267 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700519 ER PT J AU Cruse, AM Lewan, MD AF Cruse, AM Lewan, MD TI Experimental investigations of the kinetics of bitumen generation SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM acruse@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A499 EP A499 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701381 ER PT J AU DeBari, SM Taylor, DD Sisson, TW AF DeBari, SM Taylor, DD Sisson, TW TI Basalts and high-Mg andesites from the Northern Cascade arc (Glacier Peak, Washington): Insights into mantle and crustal processes SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, MS 9080, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM debari@geol.wwu.edu; tsisson@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A268 EP A268 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700521 ER PT J AU Deino, AL Glen, JM Kingston, J Hill, A AF Deino, AL Glen, JM Kingston, J Hill, A TI Precessional climatic signal in the Plio-Pliestocene Chemeron Formation, central Kenya Rift SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. USGS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Anthropol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Anthropol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A323 EP A323 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701036 ER PT J AU Eberl, DD Kile, DE AF Eberl, DD Kile, DE TI Crystal growth rate law identified from changes in variance of crystal size distributions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 USGS, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM ddeberl@usgs.gov; dekile@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A402 EP A402 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701190 ER PT J AU Emsbo, P Koenig, AE AF Emsbo, P Koenig, AE TI Discovery and significance of gold-rich bitumen in the Rodeo Deposit, northern Carlin Trend, Nevada SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pemsbo@usgs.gov; akoenig@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A123 EP A123 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700241 ER PT J AU Evarts, RC AF Evarts, RC TI Cascade volcanic are of southern Washington: The early years SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM revarts@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A274 EP A274 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700532 ER PT J AU Farber, E Vengosh, A Gavrieli, I Marie, A Bullen, TD Mayer, B Holtzman, R Segal, M Shavit, U AF Farber, E Vengosh, A Gavrieli, I Marie, A Bullen, TD Mayer, B Holtzman, R Segal, M Shavit, U TI The relationships between groundwater discharge and the Lower Jordan River SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, IL-84106 Beer Sheva, Israel. Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel. Al Quds Univ, Dept Appl Earth & Environm Sci, Jerusalem, Israel. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron & Geol & Geophys, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RI Mayer, Bernhard/G-6444-2012; Holtzman, Ran/G-7630-2012 OI Holtzman, Ran/0000-0003-0826-6826 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A813 EP A813 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702394 ER PT J AU Fink, W Dohm, J Tarbell, M Hare, T Baker, V AF Fink, W Dohm, J Tarbell, M Hare, T Baker, V TI Next-generation robotic planetary reconnaissance missions: A paradigm shift SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ USA. EM wfink@caltech.edu RI Dohm, James/A-3831-2014 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A533 EP A533 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701448 ER PT J AU Fleck, RJ Wooden, JL AF Fleck, RJ Wooden, JL TI The western Idaho suture zone: Mesozoic crustal boundary SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, US Geol Survey, USGS Micro Analyt Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM fleck@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A246 EP A246 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700479 ER PT J AU Foster, DA Mueller, PA Vogl, J Mogk, D Wooden, J Heatherington, A AF Foster, DA Mueller, PA Vogl, J Mogk, D Wooden, J Heatherington, A TI Basement influence on Phanerozoic tectono-magmatic history of the northern Rocky Mountains SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dfoster@geology.ufl.edu RI Foster, David/F-1727-2010; Mueller, Paul/B-3974-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A250 EP A250 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700487 ER PT J AU Frost, TP Lewis, RS AF Frost, TP Lewis, RS TI Eocene plutonic rocks of north-central Idaho SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Spokane, WA 99201 USA. Univ Idaho, Idaho Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM tfrost@usgs.gov; reedl@uidaho.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A250 EP A250 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700486 ER PT J AU George, RM Turner, S Reagan, M Sandiford, M Hawkesworth, C Hildreth, W AF George, RM Turner, S Reagan, M Sandiford, M Hawkesworth, C Hildreth, W TI Magma differentiation and storage at Katmai-Novarupta 1912: Comparing U-series time scales with thermal models SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Macquarie Univ, GEMOC Key Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rgeorge@els.mq.edu.au NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A339 EP A339 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701068 ER PT J AU Goldhaber, MB Morrison, JM Reynolds, RL Smith, DB AF Goldhaber, MB Morrison, JM Reynolds, RL Smith, DB TI A soil geochemical transect in northern California - Links to human health issues SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mgold@usgs.gov; jmorrison@usgs.gov; rreynolds@usgs.gov; dsmith@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A192 EP A192 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700374 ER PT J AU Gray, JE AF Gray, JE TI Overview of mercury contamination related to mercury mining and small-scale gold mining worldwide SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM jgray@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A703 EP A703 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702183 ER PT J AU Grimes, CB John, BE Swapp, S Schwartz, J Mazdab, F Schroeder, T Wooden, J AF Grimes, CB John, BE Swapp, S Schwartz, J Mazdab, F Schroeder, T Wooden, J TI U-Pb dating of hydrothermal zircon: Fracturing and fluid flow in mantle peridotite at the MAR SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Eastern Connecticut State Univ, Willimantic, CT 06226 USA. EM cgrimes@uwyo.edu; bjohn@uwyo.edu; swapp@uwyo.edu; Joshua.J.Schwartz@gmail.com; fmazdab@usgs.gov; schroedert@easternt.edu; jwooden@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A294 EP A294 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700570 ER PT J AU Gustin, MS Engle, M Ericksen, J Xin, M Krabbenhoft, D Lindberg, S Olund, S Rytuba, J AF Gustin, MS Engle, M Ericksen, J Xin, M Krabbenhoft, D Lindberg, S Olund, S Rytuba, J TI New insights into mercury exchange between air and substrate SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Middleton, WI USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A700 EP A700 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702176 ER PT J AU Hammarstrom, JM Piatak, NM Seal, RR AF Hammarstrom, JM Piatak, NM Seal, RR TI Mineralogical controls on acid-mine drainage from waste piles in the Vermont copper belt SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jhammars@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A766 EP A766 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702304 ER PT J AU Hastings, DW Hollweg, TA Flower, BP Cronin, T Edgar, NT Quinn, TM AF Hastings, DW Hollweg, TA Flower, BP Cronin, T Edgar, NT Quinn, TM TI High-resolution deglacial record of climate change in central Florida from fresh water ostracodes SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Eckerd Coll, St Petersburg, FL 33711 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM hastings@eckerd.edu; bflower@marine.usf.edu; tcronin@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A125 EP A125 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700244 ER PT J AU Hill, R Kaplan, I Aizenshtat, Z Tannenbaum, E Jarvie, D AF Hill, R Kaplan, I Aizenshtat, Z Tannenbaum, E Jarvie, D TI Reality or myth: The role of minerals in petroleum generation SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Organ Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Casali Inst, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Kimron Oil & Minerals, IL-45270 Hod Hasharon, Israel. Humble Geochem Serv, Humble, TX 77338 USA. EM ronhill@usgs.gov; irkaplan@ucla.edu; zeev@vms.huji.ac.il; etannen@netvision.net.il; danjarvie@humble-inc.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A554 EP A554 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701487 ER PT J AU Hill, R Jarvie, D Wei, ZB Dahl, J Moldowan, M AF Hill, R Jarvie, D Wei, ZB Dahl, J Moldowan, M TI Recognition of oil-condensate mixtures: Implications for basin scale petroleum processes SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Humble Geochem Serv, Humble, TX 77338 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ronhill@usgs.gov; danjarvie@humble-inc.com; weizb@pangea.stanford.edu; dahl@pangea.stanford.edu; moldowan@pangea.stanford.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A501 EP A501 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701385 ER PT J AU Hines, ME Gray, JE AF Hines, ME Gray, JE TI Mercury transformations in mine wastes and natural habitats adjacent to abandoned mercury mines SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol Sci, Lowell, MA USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mark_hines@uml.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A703 EP A703 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702182 ER PT J AU Hofstra, AH Emsbo, P AF Hofstra, AH Emsbo, P TI Source of salt in hydrothermal fluids based on Na-Cl-Br of fluid inclusions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ahofstra@usgs.gov; pemsbo@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A881 EP A881 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702522 ER PT J AU Hunerlach, MP Alpers, CN Marvin-DiPasquale, M AF Hunerlach, MP Alpers, CN Marvin-DiPasquale, M TI Mercury and methylmercury distribution in sediments affected by historical gold mining, Sierra Nevada, California SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hunerlac@usgs.gov; cnalpers@usgs.gov; mmarvin@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A705 EP A705 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702187 ER PT J AU Jaffe, LA Hilton, DR Porcelli, D Swarzenski, PW Baskaran, M Kulongoski, JT AF Jaffe, LA Hilton, DR Porcelli, D Swarzenski, PW Baskaran, M Kulongoski, JT TI U-Th-Ra-Rn-He relationships in Mojave River Basin groundwaters SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. USGS, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Geol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USGS, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM ljaffe@ucsd.edu; drhilton@ucsd.edu; don.porcelli@earth.ox.ac.uk NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A839 EP A839 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702442 ER PT J AU Johnson, TM Bullen, TD Ellis, AS Sikora, E Kitchen, J AF Johnson, TM Bullen, TD Ellis, AS Sikora, E Kitchen, J TI Cr isotopes as indicators of Cr(VI) reduction and contaminant sources SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USGS, Water Resources Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM tmjohnsn@uiuc.edu; tdbullen@usgs.gov; andre@earth.northwestern.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A204 EP A204 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700395 ER PT J AU Kargel, JS AF Kargel, JS TI Results from recent Mars missions and their implication to possible life SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jkargel@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A532 EP A532 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701446 ER PT J AU Kelley, KA Hauri, EH Sisson, TW AF Kelley, KA Hauri, EH Sisson, TW TI Water, decompression, and mantle melting at Galunggung, Indonesia SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM kelley@dtm.ciw.edu; hauri@dtm.ciw.edu; tsisson@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A743 EP A743 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702260 ER PT J AU Kent, AJR Rowe, MC Thornber, CR AF Kent, AJR Rowe, MC Thornber, CR TI LA-ICP-MS trace element and Pb-isotope analysis of Mt. St. Helens dome material from 1981-1985 and 2004-2005 eruptive episodes SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. USGS, David A Johnston Cascade Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM adam.kent@geo.oregonstate.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A272 EP A272 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700528 ER PT J AU Kile, DE AF Kile, DE TI Teaching aids for optical mineralogy SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. EM dekile@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A729 EP A729 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702234 ER PT J AU King, SA Krabbenhoft, DP Nordstrom, DK Striegl, RG Hinman, N AF King, SA Krabbenhoft, DP Nordstrom, DK Striegl, RG Hinman, N TI Mercury speciation in water and microbial mats of Yellowstone National Park hot springs SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Geol, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM susank@coe.montana.edu; dpkrabbe@usgs.gov; dkn@usgs.gov; rstriegl@usgs.gov; nh167364e@mail1.umt.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A707 EP A707 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702191 ER PT J AU Koenig, AE MagLoughlin, JF AF Koenig, AE MagLoughlin, JF TI Systematics and controls on REE zoning in metamorphic garnet SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM akoenig@usgs.gov; jerrym@cnr.colostate.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A29 EP A29 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700058 ER PT J AU Kolker, A Palmer, CA Bragg, LJ Tewalt, SJ AF Kolker, A Palmer, CA Bragg, LJ Tewalt, SJ TI Mercury in coal and its impact on utility mercury emissions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Team, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM akolker@usgs.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A699 EP A699 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702175 ER PT J AU Krabbenhoft, D AF Krabbenhoft, D TI Mercury cycling in the environment SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Middleton, WI USA. EM dpkrabbe@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A699 EP A699 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702174 ER PT J AU Kuntz, MA Snee, LW Unruh, DA AF Kuntz, MA Snee, LW Unruh, DA TI Temporal, compositional, and structural development of the Idaho batholith near McCall, Idaho SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mkuntz@usgs.gov; lsnee@usgs.gov; dunruh@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A249 EP A249 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700484 ER PT J AU Kurtz, AC Pett-Ridge, JC Lugolobi, F Derry, LA Troester, J AF Kurtz, AC Pett-Ridge, JC Lugolobi, F Derry, LA Troester, J TI Solute sources in a tropical granitoid watershed, Luquillo, Puerto Rico SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Boston Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, Guaynabo, PR USA. EM kurtz@bu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A602 EP A602 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701579 ER PT J AU Leenheer, JA Wershaw, RL AF Leenheer, JA Wershaw, RL TI Solubility controls that determine dissolved organic matter composition of surface- and ground-waters SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM leenheer@usgs.gov; rwershaw@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A182 EP A182 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700354 ER PT J AU Lowell, GR Harrison, RW Unruh, DM AF Lowell, GR Harrison, RW Unruh, DM TI Contrasting rift-margin volcanism in the St. Francois Terrane of Missouri at 1.47 Ga SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 SE Missouri State Univ, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr MS963, Denver, CO USA. EM glowell@semo.edu; rharriso@usgs.gov; dunruh@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A81 EP A81 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700158 ER PT J AU Lund, KI Aleinikoff, JN Unruh, DM Yacob, EY Fanning, CM AF Lund, KI Aleinikoff, JN Unruh, DM Yacob, EY Fanning, CM TI Evolution of the Salmon River suture and continental delamination in the Syringa embayment SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. ANU, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM klund@usgs.gov RI Fanning, C. Mark/I-6449-2016 OI Fanning, C. Mark/0000-0003-3331-3145 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A246 EP A246 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700478 ER PT J AU Magloughlin, JF Merkel, IS Koenig, AE AF Magloughlin, JF Merkel, IS Koenig, AE TI Chemistry and textures of magmatic epidote and muscovite in a tonalite pegmatite, North Cascades, USA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A4 EP A4 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700008 ER PT J AU Mandeville, CW Webster, JD Tappen, C Rutherford, MJ Hauri, E Bacon, CR AF Mandeville, CW Webster, JD Tappen, C Rutherford, MJ Hauri, E Bacon, CR TI Depth of andesitic magma storage beneath Mt. Mazama from melt inclusions and experimental petrology SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. DTM, Washington, DC 20015 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cmandy@amnh.org NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A636 EP A636 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702051 ER PT J AU Mangan, M AF Mangan, M TI Laboratory investigations into the causes of explosive volcanic eruptions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID ID DECOMPRESSION EXPERIMENTS C1 USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM mmangan@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A150 EP A150 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700292 ER PT J AU Matmon, A Bierman, PR Larsen, J Southworth, S Pavich, M Finkel, R Caffee, M AF Matmon, A Bierman, PR Larsen, J Southworth, S Pavich, M Finkel, R Caffee, M TI Grain size dependency of Be-10 concentrations in alluvial sediments in the Great Smoky Mountains SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A160 EP A160 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700312 ER PT J AU Mayanovic, RA Anderson, AJ Bassett, WA Chou, IM AF Mayanovic, RA Anderson, AJ Bassett, WA Chou, IM TI The structure of Gd3+ aqua and chloro complexes under hydrothermal conditions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 SW Missouri State Univ, Springfield, MO 65802 USA. St Francis Xavier Univ, Antigonish, NS B2G 1C0, Canada. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM ram051f@smsu.edu; aanderso@stfx.ca; bassett@geology.geo.cornell.edu; imchou@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A662 EP A662 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702102 ER PT J AU McMahon, PB Bohlke, JK AF McMahon, PB Bohlke, JK TI Variability of nitrate sources in a regional aquifer: Role of soil processes and land use SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM pmcmahon@usgs.gov; jkbohlke@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A604 EP A604 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701583 ER PT J AU Meeker, GP Lowers, HA Brownfield, IK AF Meeker, GP Lowers, HA Brownfield, IK TI Microanalysis of particulate mineral material in the real world: How analytical errors affect results used by the health, regulatory, and legal communities SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Microbeam Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gmeeker@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A588 EP A588 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701552 ER PT J AU Meeker, GP Lowers, HA Brownfield, IK AF Meeker, GP Lowers, HA Brownfield, IK TI Asbestos from Libby Montana; Compositions and morphologies that don't fit current asbestos definitions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID ID AMPHIBOLES C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Microbeam Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gmeeker@usgs.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A189 EP A189 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700368 ER PT J AU Moore, J Lichtner, PC White, AF Brantley, SL AF Moore, J Lichtner, PC White, AF Brantley, SL TI Reactive transport modeling of reaction fronts SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM joelmoore@psu.edu; lichtner@lanl.gov; afwhite@usgs.gov; brantley@essc.psu.edu RI Moore, Joel/G-7626-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A688 EP A688 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702153 ER PT J AU Morgan, LA Pierce, KL McIntosh, WC AF Morgan, LA Pierce, KL McIntosh, WC TI Patterns of rhyolitic volcanism along the track of the Yellowstone hotspot SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. USGS, No Rocky Mtn Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. New Mexico Bur Mines & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM lmorgan@usgs.gov; kpierce@usgs.gov; mcintosh@nmt.edu NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A142 EP A142 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700277 ER PT J AU Morris, EJ Paytan, A Bullen, TD AF Morris, EJ Paytan, A Bullen, TD TI Seawater calcium isotopes from marine barite: A potential record of carbonate deposition in the oceans SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ejmorris@stanford.edu; apaytan@stanford.edu; tdbullen@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A546 EP A546 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701472 ER PT J AU Muffler, LJP Clynne, MA AF Muffler, LJP Clynne, MA TI Overlapping calc-alkaline and tholeiitic magmatism in the southernmost Cascade Range SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID ID CALIFORNIA; LAVAS C1 US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM pmuffler@usgs.gov; mclynne@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A268 EP A268 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700520 ER PT J AU Nagy, KL Waples, JS Aiken, GR Ryan, JN AF Nagy, KL Waples, JS Aiken, GR Ryan, JN TI The influence of dissolved organic matter on cinnabar dissolution SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Golder Associates Inc, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A540 EP A540 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701462 ER PT J AU Neymark, LA Paces, JB AF Neymark, LA Paces, JB TI Unsaturated-zone water/rock interaction and U-series isotope mobility at Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM lneymark@usgs.gov; jbpaces@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A478 EP A478 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701340 ER PT J AU Nimick, DA Cleasby, TE McCleskey, RB AF Nimick, DA Cleasby, TE McCleskey, RB TI Seasonality of diel cycles of dissolved trace-metal concentrations in a Rocky Mountain stream SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Helena, MT USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. EM dnimick@usgs.gov; tcleasby@usgs.gov; rbmccles@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A770 EP A770 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702311 ER PT J AU Nordstrom, DK Verplanck, PL AF Nordstrom, DK Verplanck, PL TI Pre-mining ground-water quality at Molycorp's Questa molybdenum mine, Red River Valley, New Mexico SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM dkn@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A775 EP A775 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702322 ER PT J AU Nordstrom, DK AF Nordstrom, DK TI Thermodynamic consistency, geochemical codes, and predictions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM dkn@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A420 EP A420 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701226 ER PT J AU Paces, JB Neymark, LA Wooden, JL AF Paces, JB Neymark, LA Wooden, JL TI Ion microprobe U-series dating and cathodoluminescence of secondary opal at Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jbpaces@usgs.gov; lneymark@usgs.gov; jwooden@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A377 EP A377 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701141 ER PT J AU Pallister, JS Thornber, CR Clynne, MA Cashman, KV McGee, KA AF Pallister, JS Thornber, CR Clynne, MA Cashman, KV McGee, KA TI Field geology and petrology of the 2004-2005 Mount St. Helens dome SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 USGS, Cascades Volc Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A271 EP A271 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700526 ER PT J AU Panter, KS Blusztajn, J Hart, S Finn, C Kyle, P AF Panter, KS Blusztajn, J Hart, S Finn, C Kyle, P TI A HIMU source in metasomatised continental lithosphere SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Geol, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80226 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM kpanter@bgsu.edu RI Panter, Kurt/B-4486-2010 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A97 EP A97 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700191 ER PT J AU Parkhurst, DL Kipp, KL Engesgaard, P Charlton, SR AF Parkhurst, DL Kipp, KL Engesgaard, P Charlton, SR TI PHAST - A program for simulating ground-water flow, solute transport, and multicomponent geochemical reactions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Inst Geol, Copenhagen, Denmark. EM dlpark@usgs.gov; klkipp@usgs.gov; PE@geol.ku.dk; charlton@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A156 EP A156 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700303 ER PT J AU Plumlee, GS AF Plumlee, GS TI The medical geology and geochemistry of mineral deposits SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gplumlee@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A194 EP A194 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700378 ER PT J AU Reheis, MC Forester, RM Izbick, JA AF Reheis, MC Forester, RM Izbick, JA TI A dust-soil-groundwater-dust cycle, Southwestern United States SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM mreheis@usgs.gov; forester@usgs.gov; jaizbick@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A602 EP A602 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701578 ER PT J AU Ridgley, JL Snyder, GT AF Ridgley, JL Snyder, GT TI Duration of microbial gas generation in Upper Cretaceous Reservoirs, Montana and Canada - Interpretation from I-129/I ratios SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM ridgley@usgs.gov; gsnyder@rice.edu RI Snyder, Glen/E-7873-2017 OI Snyder, Glen/0000-0001-5289-7903 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A714 EP A714 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702205 ER PT J AU Ridley, WI AF Ridley, WI TI The isotopic composition of mercury as a tool in understanding the natural and anthropogenic cycling of a highly toxic element SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mineral Resources Team, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM iridley@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A701 EP A701 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702179 ER PT J AU Rowe, MC Thornber, CR Kent, AJ AF Rowe, MC Thornber, CR Kent, AJ TI Petrology and geochemistry of Mount St. Helens ash before and during continuous dome extrusion SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 USGS, David A Johnston Cascade Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rowem@geo.oregonstate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A272 EP A272 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700529 ER PT J AU Salisbury, MJ Bohrson, WA Clynne, MA AF Salisbury, MJ Bohrson, WA Clynne, MA TI Geochemical profiling, Nomarski imaging, and crystal size distribution analysis of mixed magmas from Lassen Peak, CA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 CWU, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM morgan@geology.cwu.edu; bohrson@geology.cwu.edu; mclynne@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A274 EP A274 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700533 ER PT J AU Schuster, PF Krabbenhoft, DP Naftz, DL Cecil, LD Olson, ML Dewild, JF Susong, DD Green, JR AF Schuster, PF Krabbenhoft, DP Naftz, DL Cecil, LD Olson, ML Dewild, JF Susong, DD Green, JR TI A 270-year ice core record of atmospheric mercury deposition to western North America: An indicator of a partial success of the United States Clean Air Act of 1970 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. US Geol Survey, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. Garden City Community Coll, Garden City, KS USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM pschuste@usgs.gov; dpkrabbe@usgs.gov; dlnaftz@usgs.gov; ldcecil@usgs.gov; jaromy.green@gcccks.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A208 EP A208 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700404 ER PT J AU Schwartz, JJ John, BE Cheadle, MJ Grimes, C Miranda, EA Wooden, JL Dick, HJB AF Schwartz, JJ John, BE Cheadle, MJ Grimes, C Miranda, EA Wooden, JL Dick, HJB TI Inherited zircon and the magmatic construction of oceanic crust SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Joshua.J.Schwartz@gmail.com; bjohn@uwyo.edu; emiranda@uwyo.edu; wooden@usgs.gov; hdick@whoi.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A294 EP A294 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700569 ER PT J AU Severin, KP Brown, R Babaluk, J Campbell, JL Newville, M AF Severin, KP Brown, R Babaluk, J Campbell, JL Newville, M TI A comparison of line scans and maps using EPMA, micro-XRF, and PIXE SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, GSECARS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fnkps@uaf.edu; randy_j_brown@fws.gov; babalukj@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; jlc@physics.uoguelph.ca; newville@cars.uchicago.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A61 EP A61 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700119 ER PT J AU Shanks, WC Balistrieri, L Rye, RO Schwartz, C AF Shanks, WC Balistrieri, L Rye, RO Schwartz, C TI Hydrothermal mercury in the Yellowstone lake ecosystem SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, USGS, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM pshanks@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A701 EP A701 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702178 ER PT J AU Sherrod, D Conrey, RM AF Sherrod, D Conrey, RM TI A 7400-sample geochemical-geospatial database for Oregon Cascade Range volcanic rocks SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. Washington State Univ, Geoanal Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dsherrod@usgs.gov; conrey@mail.wsu.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A275 EP A275 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700534 ER PT J AU Sisson, TW Vallance, JW AF Sisson, TW Vallance, JW TI Magma storage and ascent at Mount Rainier from 2600 to 2200 ybp SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. USGS, Vancouver, WA USA. EM tsisson@usgs.gov; jvallance@usgs.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A270 EP A270 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700524 ER PT J AU Snee, LW Unruh, DM Kuntz, MA AF Snee, LW Unruh, DM Kuntz, MA TI Tectonics of the Salmon River Suture Zone near Orofino, Idaho SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM lsnee@usgs.gov; dunruh@usgs.gov; mkuntz@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A247 EP A247 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700480 ER PT J AU Streck, MJ Thornber, CR Clynne, MA Pallister, JS AF Streck, MJ Thornber, CR Clynne, MA Pallister, JS TI Plagioclase zoning in dacites of the current Mt. St. Helens eruption SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM streckm@pdx.edu; cthornber@usgs.gov; mclynne@usgs.gov; jpallist@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A273 EP A273 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700531 ER PT J AU Sturchio, NC Bohlke, JK Horita, J Gu, BH Brown, GM Hatzinger, PB AF Sturchio, NC Bohlke, JK Horita, J Gu, BH Brown, GM Hatzinger, PB TI Environmental isotope forensics of perchlorate SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Shaw Environm, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A203 EP A203 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700394 ER PT J AU Swayze, GA Higgins, CT Clinkenbeard, JP Kokaly, RF Clark, RN Meeker, GP Sutley, SJ AF Swayze, GA Higgins, CT Clinkenbeard, JP Kokaly, RF Clark, RN Meeker, GP Sutley, SJ TI Using imaging spectroscopy to map ultramafic rocks, serpentinites, and tremolite-actinolite-bearing rocks in California SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Calif Geol Survey, Calif Dept Conservat, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A191 EP A191 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700371 ER PT J AU Van Soest, MC Mariner, RH Evans, WC AF Van Soest, MC Mariner, RH Evans, WC TI Helium isotope systematics in geothermal fluids of the Cascade volcanic arc SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mcvansoest@lbl.gov; rmariner@usgs.gov; wcevans@usgs.gov RI Evans, William/J-4283-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A275 EP A275 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700535 ER PT J AU Wang, B Gough, LP Smith, DB Gustavsson, N AF Wang, B Gough, LP Smith, DB Gustavsson, N TI Geochemical landscapes of Alaska SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Geol Survey Finland, FIN-02151 Espoo, Finland. EM bwang@usgs.gov; lgougb@usgs.gov; dsmith@usgs.gov; nils.gustavsson@gtk.fi NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A698 EP A698 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702173 ER PT J AU White, AF AF White, AF TI Extrinisic versus intrinisic controls on rates of silicate weathering and CO2 drawdown SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A724 EP A724 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702224 ER PT J AU White, AF Schulz, MS Vivit, DV AF White, AF Schulz, MS Vivit, DV TI Distinguishing between lithogenic and biologic processes in soils SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A681 EP A681 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702138 ER PT J AU Wolery, T Peterman, Z Carroll, S Jove-Colon, C Sutton, M Rard, J Wijesinghe, A AF Wolery, T Peterman, Z Carroll, S Jove-Colon, C Sutton, M Rard, J Wijesinghe, A TI Dust salts and deliquescence on waste packages in an unsaturated-zone repository SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wolery@llnl.gov; peterman@usgs.gov; carroll6@llnl.gov; cfjovec@sandia.gov; sutton18@llnl.gov; rard1@llnl.gov; wijesinghe1@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A413 EP A413 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701213 ER PT J AU Woods, MM Streck, MJ Gardner, CA AF Woods, MM Streck, MJ Gardner, CA TI Compositional relationships between mafic inclusions and host andesite at Mount Hood (Oregon), Cascade Range, USA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. USGS, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. EM melinda-woods@uiowa.edu; streckm@pdx.edu; cgardner@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A276 EP A276 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700536 ER PT J AU Xu, GP Frey, FA Clague, DA Weis, D Beeson, MH AF Xu, GP Frey, FA Clague, DA Weis, D Beeson, MH TI Petrogenetic similarities of East Molokai and younger Kea-trend Hawaiian volcanoes as they migrate away from the hotspot SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM gpxu@mit.edu; fafrey@mit.edu; clague@mbari.org; dweis@eos.ubc.ca NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A110 EP A110 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700217 ER PT J AU Trop, JM Szuch, DA Rioux, M Blodgett, RB AF Trop, JM Szuch, DA Rioux, M Blodgett, RB TI Sedimentology and provenance of the upper Jurassic Naknek formation, Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska: Bearings on the accretionary tectonic history of the Wrangellia composite terrane SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Alaska; foreare basin; Naknek formation; peninsular terrane; sedimentology; Wrangellia terrane ID BORDER RANGES FAULT; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; SOUTHERN ALASKA; ALEXANDER TERRANE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DENALI FAULT; BASIN DEVELOPMENT; GRAVINA BELT; FAN-DELTA; EVOLUTION AB Analysis of the Upper Jurassic Naknek Formation in the Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska, documents synorogenic sedimentation in a forearc basin along the outboard (southern) margin of the allochthonous Peninsular terrane during accretion to the western North American continental margin. New geochronologic, sedimentologic, and compositional data define a two-part stratigraphy for the Naknek Formation. Microfossil, megafossil, and U-Pb clast ages document early Oxfordian to early Kimmeridgian deposition of the lower 690 m of the Naknek Formation and early Kimmeridgian to early Tithonian deposition of the upper 225 m of the Naknek Formation. Lithofacies and paleocurrent data from the lower Naknek Formation demonstrate initial deposition on a high-gradient, southward-dipping basin floor. Submarine mass flows deposited poorly sorted, cobble-boulder conglomerate in proximal fan-delta environments. Gravelly mass flows transformed downslope into sandy turbidity currents on a muddy prodelta slope. During early Kimmeridgian to early Tithonian time, fan-delta environments were replaced by lower gradient marine shelf environments characterized by deposition of cross-stratified sandstone and bioturbated mudstone. Source-diagnostic clasts, feldspathic sandstone compositions, southward-directed paleocurrent indicators, and U-Pb zircon ages of plutonic clasts (167.6 +/- 0.3 Ma; 166.5 +/- 0.2 Ma, 164-159 Ma, 156.2 +/- 0.4 Ma) indicate that the Naknek Formation was derived primarily from volcanic and plutonic source terranes exposed along the northern basin margin in the southern Talkeetna Mountains. Geologic mapping documents the Little Oshetna fault, a newly identified northward-dipping reverse fault that bounds the northern margin of the Naknek Formation in the Talkeetna Mountains. The concentration of boulder-rich mass-flow deposits in the footwall of the fault in combination with geochronologic and compositional data suggest that sedimentation was coeval with Late Jurassic shortening along the fault and exhumation of plutonic source terranes exposed in the hanging wall of the fault. From a regional perspective, coarse-grained forearc sedimentation and pluton exhumation along the outboard (southern) segment of the Peninsular terrane were coeval with crustal-scale shortening and synorogenic sedimentation in retroarc basins along the inboard (northern) margin of the Wrangellia terrane (Kahiltna, Nutzotin, and Wrangell Mountains basins). We interpret the regional and synchronous nature of Late Jurassic crustal-scale deformation and synorogenic sedimentation in south-central Alaska as reflecting either initial collision of the Wrangellia and Peninsular terranes with the former continental margin of western North America or amalgamation of the two terranes prior to collision. C1 Bucknell Univ, Dept Geol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Trop, JM (reprint author), Bucknell Univ, Dept Geol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. EM jtrop@bucknell.edu; dszuch@bbl-inc.com; mrioux@umail.ucsb.edu; rblodgett@usgs.gov RI Rioux, Matthew/I-2500-2012 NR 99 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 117 IS 5-6 BP 570 EP 588 DI 10.1130/B25575.1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 922GK UT WOS:000228824500002 ER PT J AU Shervais, JW Murchey, BL Kimbrough, DL Renne, PR Hanan, B AF Shervais, JW Murchey, BL Kimbrough, DL Renne, PR Hanan, B TI Radioisotopic and biostratigraphic age relations in the Coast Range Ophiolite, northern California: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Western Cordillera SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE ophiolite; age; CRO; cordillera; tectonics ID FORE-ARC BASIN; NEVADA METAMORPHIC BELT; GREAT VALLEY SEQUENCE; SIERRA-NEVADA; FRANCISCAN COMPLEX; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; JOSEPHINE OPHIOLITE; JURASSIC RADIOLARIA; CONTINENTAL MARGINS; SACRAMENTO VALLEY AB The Coast Range ophiolite (CRO) in northern California includes two distinct remnants. The Elder Creek ophiolite is a classic suprasubduction zone ophiolite with three sequential plutonic suites (layered gabbro, wehrlite-pyroxenite, quartz diorite), a mafic to felsic dike complex, and mafic-felsic volcanic rocks; the entire suite is cut by late mid-oceanic-ridge basalt (MORB) dikes and overlain by ophiolitic breccia. The Stonyford volcanic complex (SFVC) comprises three volcanic series with intercalated chert horizons that form a submarine volcano enclosed in sheared serpentinite. Structurally below this seamount are melange blocks of CRO similar to Elder Creek. U/Pb zircon ages from plagiogranite and quartz diorites at Elder Creek range in age from 165 Ma to 172 Ma. U/Pb zircon ages obtained from CRO melange blocks below the SFVC are similar (166-172 Ma). Ar-40-Ar-39 ages of alkali basalt glass in the upper SFVC are all younger at approximate to 164 Ma. Radiolarians extracted from chert lenses intercalated with basalt in the SFVC indicate that the sedimentary strata range in age from Bathonian (Unitary Association Zone 6-6 of Baumgartner et al., 1995a) near the base of the complex to late Callovian to early Kimmeridgian (Unitary Association Zones 8-10) in the upper part. The SFVC sedimentary record preserves evidence of a major faunal change wherein relatively small sized, polytaxic radiolarian faunas were replaced by very robust, oligotaxic, nassellarian-dominated faunas that included Praeparvicingula spp. We suggest that CRO formation began after the early Middle Jurassic (172-180 Ma) collision of an exotic or fringing are with North America and initiation of a new or reconfigured east-dipping subduction zone. The data show that the CRO formed prior to the Late Jurassic Nevadan orogeny, probably by rapid forearc extension above a nascent subduction zone. We infer that CRO spreading ended with the collision of an oceanic spreading center ca. 164 Ma, coincident with the oldest high-grade blocks in the structurally underlying Franciscan assemblage. We further suggest that the "classic" Nevadan orogeny represents a response to spreading center collision, with shallow subduction of young lithosphere causing the initial compressional deformation and with a subsequent change in North American plate motion to rapid northward drift (J2 cusp) causing sinistral transpression and transtension in the Sierra foothills. These data are not consistent with models for Late Jurassic arc collision in the Sierra foothills or a backarc origin for the CRO. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Geol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shervais, JW (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Geol, 4505 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM shervais@cc.usu.edu OI Hanan, Barry/0000-0002-8240-2200 NR 129 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 117 IS 5-6 BP 633 EP 653 DI 10.1130/B25443.1 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 922GK UT WOS:000228824500005 ER PT J AU McBride, JH Hatcher, RA Stephenson, WJ Hooper, RJ AF McBride, JH Hatcher, RA Stephenson, WJ Hooper, RJ TI Integrating seismic reflection and geological data and interpretations across an internal basement massif. The southern Appalachian Pine Mountain window, USA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Appalachians; seismic reflection; tectonics; decollement; faulting ID MASTER DECOLLEMENT; WESTERN GEORGIA; TOWALIGA FAULT; ZONE; PIEDMONT; TERRANE; SIGNAL; DEFORMATION; TECTONICS; TRANSFORM AB The southern Appalachian Pine Mountain window exposes 1.1 Ga Grenvillian basement and its metasedimentary Paleozoic(?) cover through the allochthonous Inner Piedmont. The issue of whether the crustal block inside the window was either transported above the master Appalachian (late Alleghanian) decollement or is an autochthonous block that was overridden by the decollement has been debated for some time. New detrital zircon geochronologic data from the cover rocks inside the window suggest this crustal block was derived from Gondwana but docked with Laurentia before the Alleghanian event. Reprocessed deep seismic reflection data from west-central Georgia (pre- and poststack noise reduction, amplitude variation analysis, and prestack depth migration) indicate that a significant band of subhorizontal reflections occurs almost continuously beneath the window collinear with the originally recognized decollement reflections north of the window. A marked variation in the decollement image, from strong and coherent north of the window to more diffuse directly beneath the window, is likely a partial consequence of the different geology between the Inner Piedmont and the window. The more diffuse image beneath the window may also result from imaging problems related to changes in topography and fold of cover (i.e., signal-to-noise ratio). Two alternative tectonic models for the Pine Mountain window can partially account for the observed variation in the decollement reflectivity. (1) The Pine Mountain block could be truncated below by a relatively smooth continuation of the decollement. The window would thus expose an allochthonous basement duplex or horse-block thrust upward from the south along the Late Proterozoic rifted continental margin. (2) The window represents localized exhumation of autochthonous basement and cover along a zone of distributed intrabasement shearing directly beneath the window. Either model is viable if only reflector geometry is considered; model (1) is favored if both geometry and kinematics of Blue Ridge-Piedmont thrust sheet emplacement are incorporated. In either model, the southern margin of the window merges to the west with the Iapetan early Alleghanian Central Piedmont suture, which juxtaposes North American-affinity Piedmont rocks to the north and exotic Panafrican rocks of the Carolina (Avalon) terrane to the south. Immediately south of the window, this suture dips southward and merges in the lower crust with the late Alleghanian suture joining the Appalachians with Gondwana. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. ConocoPhillips, Houston, TX 77252 USA. RP McBride, JH (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, POB 24606, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM john_mcbride@byu.edu; bobmap@utk.edu; wstephens@usgs.gov; robert.hooper@conocophillips.com NR 66 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 117 IS 5-6 BP 669 EP 686 DI 10.1130/B25313.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 922GK UT WOS:000228824500007 ER PT J AU Matmon, A Schwartz, DP Finkel, R Clemmens, S Hanks, T AF Matmon, A Schwartz, DP Finkel, R Clemmens, S Hanks, T TI Dating offset fans along the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault using cosmogenic Al-26 and Be-10 SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE San Andreas fault; offset alluvial fans; cosmogenic isotopes; slip rate; Little Rock Creek ID PRECARIOUSLY BALANCED ROCKS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; PRODUCTION-RATES; SLIP RATES; PALEOSEISMIC SITE; LARGE EARTHQUAKES; PALLETT CREEK; KUNLUN FAULT; OWENS-VALLEY; STRIKE-SLIP AB Analysis of cosmogenic Be-10 and Al-26 in samples collected from exposed boulders (n = 20) and from buried sediment (n = 3) from offset fans along the San Andreas fault near Little Rock, California, yielded ages, ranging from 16 to 413 ka, which increase with distance from their source at the mouth of Little Rock Creek. In order to determine the age of the relatively younger fans, the erosion rate of the boulders and the cosmogenic nuclide inheritance from exposure prior to deposition in the fan were established. Cosmogenic nuclide inheritance values that range between 8.5 x 10(3) and 196 x 10(3) atoms Be-10 g(-1) quartz were determined by measuring the concentrations and ratios of Be-10 and Al-26 in boulders (n = 10) and fine sediment (n = 7) at the outlet of the present active stream. Boulder erosion rate, ranging between 17 and 160 mm k.y.(-1), was estimated by measuring Be-10 and Al-26 concentrations in nearby bedrock outcrops (n = 8). Since the boulders on the fans represent the most resistant rocks in this environment, we used the lowest rate for the age calculations. Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine ages of 16 +/- 5 and 29 +/- 7 ka for the two younger fan surfaces. Older fans (older than 100 ka) were dated by analyzing Be-10 and Al-26 concentrations in buried sand samples. The ages of the three oldest fans range between 227 +/- 242 and 413 +/- 185 ka. Although fan age determinations are accompanied by large uncertainties, the results of this study show a clear trend of increasing fan ages with increasing distance from the source near Little Rock Creek and provide a long-term slip rate along this section of the San Andreas fault. Slip rate along the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault for the past 413 k.y. can be determined in several ways. The average slip rate calculated from the individual fan ages is 4.2 +/- 0.9 cm yr(-1). A linear regression through the data points implies a slip rate of 3.7 +/- 1.0 cm yr(-1). A most probable slip rate of 3.0 +/- 1.0 cm yr(-1) is determined by using a chi(2) test. These rates suggest that the average slip along the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault has been relatively constant over this time period. The slip rate along the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault, determined in this study, agrees well with previous slip rate calculations for the Quaternary. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Matmon, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM amatmon@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 117 IS 5-6 BP 795 EP 807 DI 10.1130/B25590.1 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 922GK UT WOS:000228824500015 ER PT J AU Shah, AK Brozena, J Vogt, P Daniels, D Plescia, J AF Shah, AK Brozena, J Vogt, P Daniels, D Plescia, J TI New surveys of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure suggest melt pockets and target-structure effect SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; impact craters; gravity surveys; magnetic surveys ID EVOLUTION; CRATERS; ORIGIN AB We present high-resolution gravity and magnetic field survey results over the 85-km-diameter Chesapeake Bay impact structure. Whereas a continuous melt sheet is anticipated at a crater this size, shallow-source magnetic field anomalies of similar to 100 nT instead suggest that impact melt pooled in kilometer-scaled pockets'surrounding the base of a central peak. A central anomaly of similar to 300 nT may represent additional melt or rock that underwent shock-induced remagnetization. Models predict that the total volume of the melt ranges from similar to 0.4 to 10 km(3), a quantity that is several orders of magnitude smaller than expected for an impact structure this size. However, this volume is within predictions given a transient crater of diameter of 2040 km for a target covered with water and sedimentary deposits such that melt fragments were widely dispersed at the time of impact. Gravity data delineate a gently sloping inner basin and a central peak via a contrast between crystalline and sedimentary rock. Both features are ovoid, oriented parallel to larger preimpact basement structures. Conceptual models suggest how lateral differences in rock strength due to these preimpact structures helped to shape the crater's morphology during transient-crater modification. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAY PY 2005 VL 33 IS 5 BP 417 EP 420 DI 10.1130/G21213.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 922AW UT WOS:000228809000022 ER PT J AU Applegate, D AF Applegate, D TI Lessons from Sumatra SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO USA. RP Applegate, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver, CO USA. EM applegate@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD MAY PY 2005 VL 50 IS 5 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 923ZY UT WOS:000228949400007 ER PT J AU Willard, DA Bernhardt, CE Korejwo, DA Meyers, SR AF Willard, DA Bernhardt, CE Korejwo, DA Meyers, SR TI Impact of millennial-scale Holocene climate variability on eastern North American terrestrial ecosystems: pollen-based climatic reconstruction SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE paleoclimatology; Holocene; Little Ice Age; Chesapeake Bay; pollen ID GREENLAND ICE-CORE; CHESAPEAKE BAY SEDIMENTS; CIRCUMPOLAR VORTEX; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; UNITED-STATES; WARM PERIOD; COLD EVENT; SOLAR-WIND; RECORD AB We present paleoclimatic evidence for a series of Holocene millennial-scale cool intervals in eastern North America that occurred every similar to 1400 years and lasted similar to 300-500 years, based on pollen data from Chesapeake Bay in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The cool events are indicated by significant decreases in pine pollen, which we interpret as representing decreases in January temperatures of between 0.2 degrees and 2 degrees C. These temperature decreases include excursions during the Little Ice Age (similar to 1300-1600 AD) and the 8 ka cold event. The timing of the pine minima is correlated with a series of quasi-periodic cold intervals documented by various proxies in Greenland, North Atlantic, and Alaskan cores and with solar minima interpreted from cosmogenic isotope records. These events may represent changes in circumpolar vortex size and configuration in response to intervals of decreased solar activity, which altered jet stream patterns to enhance meridional circulation over eastern North America. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Yale Univ, Geol & Geophys Dept, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Willard, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dwillard@usgs.gov NR 68 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD MAY PY 2005 VL 47 IS 1 BP 17 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.11.017 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 944ZE UT WOS:000230469000002 ER PT J AU Gilmanov, TG Tieszen, LL Wylie, BK Flanagan, LB Frank, AB Haferkamp, MR Meyers, TP Morgan, JA AF Gilmanov, TG Tieszen, LL Wylie, BK Flanagan, LB Frank, AB Haferkamp, MR Meyers, TP Morgan, JA TI Integration of CO2 flux and remotely-sensed data for primary production and ecosystem respiration analyses in the Northern Great Plains: potential for quantitative spatial extrapolation SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE ecosystem respiration; ecosystem-scale light response functions; gross primary production; net CO2 flux partitioning; net ecosystem CO2 exchange; normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI); Northern Great Plains grasslands; phenomenological modelling; tower CO2 flux measurements ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; INTERCEPTED SOLAR-RADIATION; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE ECOSYSTEM; NATIVE TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; USE EFFICIENCY AB Aim Extrapolation of tower CO2 fluxes will be greatly facilitated if robust relationships between flux components and remotely sensed factors are established. Long-term measurements at five Northern Great Plains locations were used to obtain relationships between CO2 fluxes and photosynthetically active radiation (Q), other on-site factors, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from the SPOT VEGETATION data set. Location CO2 flux data from the following stations and years were analysed: Lethbridge, Alberta 1998-2001; Fort Peck, MT 2000, 2002; Miles City, MT 2000-01; Mandan, ND 1999-2001; and Cheyenne, WY 1997-98. results Analyses based on light-response functions allowed partitioning net CO2 flux (F) into gross primary productivity (P-g) and ecosystem respiration (R-e). Weekly averages of daytime respiration, γ(day), estimated from light responses were closely correlated with weekly averages of measured night-time respiration, γ(night) (R-2 0.64 to 0.95). Daytime respiration tended to be higher than night-time respiration, and regressions of γ(day) on γ(night) for all sites were different from 1 : 1 relationships. Over 13 site-years, gross primary production varied from 459 to 2491 g CO2 m(-2) year(-1), ecosystem respiration from 996 to 1881 g CO2 m(-2) year(-1), and net ecosystem exchange from -537 (source) to +610 g CO2 m(-2) year(-1) (sink). Maximum daily ecological light-use efficiencies, ε(d,max) = P-g/Q, were in the range 0.014 to 0.032 mol CO2 (mol incident quanta)(-1). Main conclusions Ten-day average P-g was significantly more highly correlated with NDVI than 10-day average daytime flux, P-d (R-2 = 0.46 to 0.77 for P-g-NDVI and 0.05 to 0.58 for P-d-NDVI relationships). Ten-day average R-e was also positively correlated with NDVI, with R-2 values from 0.57 to 0.77. Patterns of the relationships of P-g and R-e with NDVI and other factors indicate possibilities for establishing multivariate functions allowing scaling-up local fluxes to larger areas using GIS data, temporal NDVI, and other factors. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USGS EROS Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, USDA, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. ARS, USDA, Ft Keogh LARRL, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, ARL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA ARS Rangeland Resources Res, Nat Resources Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Gilmanov, TG (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Ag Hall 304,Box 2207B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM tagir_gilmanov@sdstate.edu RI Flanagan, Lawrence/B-1307-2013; Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 OI Flanagan, Lawrence/0000-0003-1748-0306; Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; NR 130 TC 88 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 43 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 271 EP 292 DI 10.1111/j.1466-822x.2005.00151.x PG 22 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 924XN UT WOS:000229014400007 ER PT J AU Rutledge, AT AF Rutledge, AT TI The appropriate use of the Rorabaugh model to estimate ground water recharge SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Rutledge, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 433 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rutledge@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 292 EP 293 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0022.x PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 925KG UT WOS:000229051400002 PM 15882317 ER PT J AU Manning, AH Thiros, SA AF Manning, AH Thiros, SA TI H-3/He-3 age data in assessing the susceptibility of wells to contamination SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; AQUIFER; TRACERS; WATER; RECHARGE; TRITIUM; HE-3; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; SIMULATION; SYSTEMS AB Regulatory agencies are becoming increasingly interested in using young-ground water dating techniques, such as the H-3/He-3 method, in assessing the susceptibility of public supply wells (PSWs) to contamination. However, recent studies emphasize that ground water samples of mixed age may be the norm, particularly from long-screened PSWs, and tracer-based "apparent" ages can differ substantially from actual mean ages for mixed-age samples. We present age and contaminant data from PSWs in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, that demonstrate the utility of H-3 and He-3 measurements in evaluating well susceptibility, despite potential age mixing. Initial H-3 concentrations (measured H-3 + measured tritiogenic He-3) are compared to those expected based on the apparent H-3/He-3 age and the local precipitation 3H record. This comparison is used to determine the amount of modern water (recharged after &SIM; 1950) vs. prebomb water (recharged before &SIM; 1950) samples might contain. Concentrations of common contaminants were also measured using detection limits generally lower than those used for regulatory purposes. A clear correlation exists between the potential magnitude of the modern water fraction and both the occurrence and concentration of contaminants. For samples containing dominantly modern water based on their initial H-3 concentrations, potential discrepancies between apparent H-3/He-3 ages and mean ages are explored using synthetic samples that are random mixtures of different modern waters. Apparent ages can exceed mean ages by up to 13 years for these samples, with an exponential age distribution resulting in the greatest discrepancies. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Manning, AH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016; OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124; Manning, Andrew/0000-0002-6404-1237 NR 56 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 353 EP 367 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0028.x PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 925KG UT WOS:000229051400010 PM 15882327 ER PT J AU Newhouse, MW Izbicki, JA Smith, GA AF Newhouse, MW Izbicki, JA Smith, GA TI Comparison of velocity-log data collected using impeller and electromagnetic flowmeters SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID BOREHOLE FLOWMETER AB Previous studies have used flowmeters in environments that are within the expectations of their published ranges. Electromagnetic flowmeters have a published range from 0.1 to 79.0 m/min, and impeller flowmeters have a published range from 1.2 to 61.0 m/min. Velocity-log data collected in five long-screened production wells in the Pleasant Valley area of southern California showed that (1) electromagnetic flowmeter results were comparable within &PLUSMN; 2% to results obtained using an impeller flowmeter for comparable depths; (2) the measured velocities from the electromagnetic flowmeter were up to 36% greater than the published maximum range; and (3) both data sets, collected without the use of centralizers or flow diverters, produced comparable and interpretable results. Although either method is acceptable for measuring wellbore velocities and the distribution of flow, the electromagnetic flowmeter enables collection of data over a now greater range of flows. In addition, changes in fluid temperature and fluid resistivity, collected as part of the electromagnetic flowmeter log, are useful in the identification of flow and hydrogeologic interpretation. C1 US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Newhouse, MW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5735 Kearny Villa Rd,Suite O, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 434 EP 438 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0030.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 925KG UT WOS:000229051400018 PM 15882335 ER PT J AU Kitaysky, AS Romano, MD Piatt, JF Wingfield, JC Kikuchi, M AF Kitaysky, AS Romano, MD Piatt, JF Wingfield, JC Kikuchi, M TI The adrenocortical response of tufted puffin chicks to nutritional deficits SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE glucocorticoids; corticosterone; T3; T4; food stress; nest-bound chicks; seabirds ID KING PENGUIN CHICKS; STRESS-RESPONSE; THYROID-HORMONE; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; DOMESTIC-FOWL; ADRENAL AXIS; FOOD DEMAND; CORTICOSTERONE; PLASMA; RESTRICTION AB In several seabirds, nutritional state of a nest-bound chick is negatively correlated with the activity of its hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Increased corticosterone (cort) secretion has been shown to facilitate changes in behavior that allow hungry chicks to obtain more food from parents. However, if parents are not willing/able to buffer their young from temporary food shortages, increased cort secretion could be detrimental to undernourished chicks. In a system where parents are insensitive to chick demands, low benefits and high costs of activation of the HPA-axis in hungry chicks should lead to a disassociation of the nutritional state of the young and the activity of its HPA-axis. We tested this novel hypothesis for the tufted puffin (Fratercula cirrhata), a seabird with intermittent provisioning of a nest-bound semi-precocial chick. We examined the HPA-axis activity of captive chicks exposed to the following: (1) a short-term (24 h) food deprivation; and (2) an array of prolonged (3 weeks) restrictions in feeding regimens. We found that in response to a short-term food deprivation chicks decreased baseline levels of cort and thyroid hormones. In response to prolonged restrictions, food-limited chicks exhibited signs of nutritional deficit: they had lower body mass, endogenous lipid reserves, and thyroid hormone titers compared to chicks fed ad libitum. However, baseline and maximum acute stress-induced levels of cort were also lower in food-restricted chicks compared to those of chicks fed ad libitum. These results support a major prediction of the study hypothesis that puffin chicks suppress HPA-axis activity in response to short- and long-term nutritional deficits. This physiological adaptation may allow a chick to extend its development in the nest, while eluding detrimental effects of chronic cort elevation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USGS, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Jichi Med Sch, Dept Anat, Div Histol & Cell Biol, Minami Kawachi, Tochigi 3290498, Japan. RP Kitaysky, AS (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, 311 Irving 1, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ftask@uaf.edu NR 59 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0018-506X EI 1095-6867 J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 47 IS 5 BP 606 EP 619 DI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.01.005 PG 14 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 918TQ UT WOS:000228570900013 PM 15811363 ER PT J AU Gingerich, S Voss, CI AF Gingerich, S Voss, CI TI Three-dimensional variable-density flow simulation of a coastal aquifer in southern Oahu, Hawaii, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE groundwater development; groundwater management; Hawaii; numerical modeling; salt-water; fresh-water relations ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT SIMULATION; SYSTEM AB Three-dimensional modeling of groundwater flow and solute transport in the Pearl Harbor aquifer, southern Oahu, Hawaii, shows that the readjustment of the freshwater-saltwater transition zone takes a long time following changes in pumping, irrigation, or recharge in the aquifer system. It takes about 50 years for the transition zone to move 90% of the distance to its new steady position. Further, the Ghyben-Herzberg estimate of the freshwater/saltwater interface depth occurred between the 10 and 50% simulated seawater concentration contours in a complex manner during 100 years of the pumping history of the aquifer. Thus, it is not a good predictor of the depth of potable water. Pre-development recharge was used to simulate the 1880 freshwater-lens configuration. Historical pumpage and recharge distributions were used and the resulting freshwater-lens size and position were simulated through 1980. Simulations show that the transition zone moved upward and landward during the period simulated. Previous groundwater flow models for Oahu have been limited to areal models that simulate a sharp interface between freshwater and saltwater or solute-transport models that simulate a vertical aquifer section. The present model is based on the US Geological Survey's three-dimensional solute transport (3D SUTRA) computer code. Using several new tools for pre- and post-processing of model input and results have allowed easy model construction and unprecedented visualization of the freshwater lens and underlying transition zone in Hawaii's most developed aquifer. C1 US Geol Survey, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Gingerich, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 677 Ala Moana Blvd 415, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM sbginger@usgs.gov OI Gingerich, Stephen/0000-0002-4381-0746 NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 13 IS 2 BP 436 EP 450 DI 10.1007/s10040-004-0371-z PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 927JC UT WOS:000229189200007 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JAP Sasaki, S Kuzmin, RO Dohm, JM Tanaka, KL Miyamoto, H Kurita, K Komatsu, G Fairen, AG Ferris, JC AF Rodriguez, JAP Sasaki, S Kuzmin, RO Dohm, JM Tanaka, KL Miyamoto, H Kurita, K Komatsu, G Fairen, AG Ferris, JC TI Outflow channel sources, reactivation, and chaos formation, Xanthe Terra, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; surface; geological processes ID NORTHERN PLAINS; WATER FLOWS; ICE; THARSIS; HISTORY; EROSION; OCEANS; FLOODS; TOPOGRAPHY; GENERATION AB The undulating, warped, and densely fractured surfaces of highland regions east of Valles Marineris (located north of the eastern Aureum Chaos, east of the Hydraotes Chaos, and South of the Hydaspis Chaos) resulted from extensional surface warping related to ground subsidence, caused when pressurized water confined in subterranean caverns was released to the Surface. Water emanations formed crater lakes and resulted in channeling episodes involved in the excavation of Ares, Tiu, and Simud Valles of the eastern part of the circum-Chryse outflow channel system. Progressive Surface subsidence and associated reduction of the subsurface cavernous volume, and/or episodes of magmatic-driven activity, led to increases of the hydrostatic pressure, resulting in reactivation of both catastrophic and non-catastrophic outflow activity. Ancient cratered highland and basin materials that underwent lame-scale subsidence grade into densely fractured terrains. Collapse of rock materials in these regions resulted in the formation of chaotic terrains, which occur in and near the headwaters of the eastern circum-Chryse Outflow channels. The deepest chaotic terrain in the Hydaspis Chaos region resulted from the collapse of pre-existing outflow channel floors. The release of volatiles and related collapse may have included water emanations not necessarily linked to catastrophic outflow. Basal warming related to dike intrusions, thermokarst activity involving wet sediments and/or dissected ice-enriched country rock, permafrost exposed to the atmosphere by extensional tectonism and channel incision, and/or the injection of water into porous floor material, may have enhanced outflow channel floor instability and subsequent collapse. In addition to the possible genetic linkage to outflow channel development dating back to at least the Late Noachian, clear disruption of impact craters with pristine ejecta blankets and rims, as well as preservation of fine tectonic fabrics, suggest that plateau subsidence and chaos formation may have continued well into the Amazonian Period. The geologic and paleohydrologic histories presented here have important implications, as new mechanisms for Outflow channel formation and other fluvial activity are described, and new reactivation mechanisms are proposed for the origin of chaotic terrain as contributors to flooding. Detailed geomorphic analysis indicates that subterranean caverns may have been exposed during chaos formation. and thus chaotic terrains mark prime locations for future geologic, hydrologic. and possible astrobiologic exploration. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Russian Acad Sci, Vernadsky Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. Univ G DAnnunzio, Dipartimento Sci, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, I-65127 Pescara, Italy. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Ctr Biol Mol, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RP Rodriguez, JAP (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM alexis1709@yahoo.com RI Miyamoto, Hideaki/E-3381-2012; Dohm, James/A-3831-2014; Komatsu, Goro/I-7822-2012 OI Komatsu, Goro/0000-0003-4155-108X NR 65 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY PY 2005 VL 175 IS 1 BP 36 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.025 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 921AA UT WOS:000228735400005 ER PT J AU Rhodes, MW Kator, H McNabb, A Deshayes, C Reyrat, JM Brown-Elliott, BA Wallace, R Trott, KA Parker, JM Lifland, B Osterhout, G Kaattari, I Reece, K Vogelbein, W Ottinger, CA AF Rhodes, MW Kator, H McNabb, A Deshayes, C Reyrat, JM Brown-Elliott, BA Wallace, R Trott, KA Parker, JM Lifland, B Osterhout, G Kaattari, I Reece, K Vogelbein, W Ottinger, CA TI Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii sp nov., a slowly growing chromogenic species isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; PATHOGENIC MYCOBACTERIUM; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; GENE SEQUENCE; HSP65 GENE; ULCERANS; PCR; DNA; DIFFERENTIATION; TUBERCULOSIS AB A group of slowly growing photochromogenic mycobacteria was isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis) during an epizootic of mycobacteriosis. Growth characteristics, acid-fastness and 16S rRNA gene sequencing results were consistent with those of the genus Mycobacterium, Biochemical reactions, growth characteristics and mycolic acid profiles (HPLC) resembled those of Mycobacterium shottsii, a non-pigmented mycobacterium also isolated during the same epizootic. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes, the gene encoding the exported repeated protein (erp) and the gene encoding the 65 kDa heat-shock protein (hsp65) and restriction enzyme analysis of the hsp65 gene demonstrated that this group of isolates is unique. Insertion sequences associated with Mycobacterium ulcerans, IS2404 and IS2606, were detected by PCR. These isolates could be differentiated from other slowly growing pigmented mycobacteria by their inability to grow at 37 degrees C, production of niacin and urease, absence of nitrate reductase, negative Tween 80 hydrolysis and resistance to isoniazid (1 mu g ml(-1)), p-nitrobenzoic acid, thiacetazone and thiophene-2-carboxylic hydrazide. On the basis of this polyphasic study, it is proposed that these isolates represent a novel species, Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii sp. nov. The type strain, L15(T), has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as ATCC BAA-883(T) and the National Collection of Type Cultures (UK) as NCTC 13318(T). C1 Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. British Columbia Ctr Dis Control, Lab Serv, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada. Fac Med Necker Enfants Malad, Avenir Grp, INSERM, U570, F-75730 Paris, France. Univ Texas Hlth Ctr, Mycobacteria Nocardia Lab, Tyler, TX 75708 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Off Lab Anim Care, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Comparat Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. MIDI Inc, Res & Dev, Newark, DE 19713 USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Rhodes, MW (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM martha@vims.edu OI Ottinger, Christopher/0000-0003-2551-1985 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM66684] NR 41 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 55 BP 1139 EP 1147 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.63343-0 PN 3 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 929RE UT WOS:000229362700024 PM 15879246 ER PT J AU Scotti, A Butman, B Beardsley, RC Alexander, PS Anderson, S AF Scotti, A Butman, B Beardsley, RC Alexander, PS Anderson, S TI A modified beam-to-earth transformation to measure short-wavelength internal waves with an acoustic Doppler current profiler SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MASSACHUSETTS BAY; SOLITARY WAVES; SHELF; GENERATION; EVOLUTION AB The algorithm used to transform velocity signals from beam coordinates to earth coordinates in an acoustic Doppler current protiler (ADCP) relies on the assumption that the currents are uniform over the horizontal distance separating the beams. This condition may be violated by (nonlinear) internal waves, which can have wavelengths as small as 100-200 m. In this case, the standard algorithm combines velocities measured at different phases of a wave and produces horizontal velocities that increasingly differ from true velocities with distance from the ADCP. Observations made in Massachusetts Bay show that currents measured with a bottom-mounted upward-looking ADCP during periods when short-wavelength internal waves are present differ significantly from currents measured by point current meters, except very close to the instrument. These periods are flagged with high error velocities by the standard ADCP algorithm. In this paper measurements from the four spatially diverging beams and the backscatter intensity signal are used to calculate the propagation direction and celerity of the internal waves. Once this information is known, a modified beam-to-earth transformation that combines appropriately lagged beam measurements can be used to obtain current estimates in earth coordinates that compare well with pointwise measurements. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Horizon Marine Inc, Marion, MA USA. RP Scotti, A (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, CB 3300, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ascotti@unc.edu RI Dalyander, Soupy/E-9830-2013; OI Scotti, Alberto/0000-0001-8283-3070; Dalyander, P. Soupy/0000-0001-9583-0872 NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 22 IS 5 BP 583 EP 591 DI 10.1175/JTECH1731.1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 932FX UT WOS:000229540700008 ER PT J AU Calef, MP McGuire, AD Epstein, HE Rupp, TS Shugart, HH AF Calef, MP McGuire, AD Epstein, HE Rupp, TS Shugart, HH TI Analysis of vegetation distribution in Interior Alaska and sensitivity to climate change using a logistic regression approach SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE boreal forest; climate change; fire; Interior Alaska; logistic regression; modelling ID CANADIAN BOREAL FORESTS; SUB-ARCTIC VEGETATION; LAND-COVER CHANGE; CARBON STORAGE; HIGH-LATITUDES; SEWARD PENINSULA; FIRE FREQUENCY; WHITE SPRUCE; SOIL CARBON; TREE-GROWTH AB Aim To understand drivers of vegetation type distribution and sensitivity to climate change. Location Interior Alaska. Methods A logistic regression model was developed that predicts the potential equilibrium distribution of four major vegetation types: tundra, deciduous forest, black spruce forest and white spruce forest based on elevation, aspect, slope, drainage type, fire interval, average growing season temperature and total growing season precipitation. The model was run in three consecutive steps. The hierarchical logistic regression model was used to evaluate how scenarios of changes in temperature, precipitation and fire interval may influence the distribution of the four major vegetation types found in this region. Results At the first step, tundra was distinguished from forest, which was mostly driven by elevation, precipitation and south to north aspect. At the second step, forest was separated into deciduous and spruce forest, a distinction that was primarily driven by fire interval and elevation. At the third step, the identification of black vs. white spruce was driven mainly by fire interval and elevation. The model was verified for Interior Alaska, the region used to develop the model, where it predicted vegetation distribution among the steps with an accuracy of 60-83%. When the model was independently validated for north-west Canada, it predicted vegetation distribution among the steps with an accuracy of 53-85%. Black spruce remains the dominant vegetation type under all scenarios, potentially expanding most under warming coupled with increasing fire interval. White spruce is clearly limited by moisture once average growing season temperatures exceeded a critical limit (+2 degrees C). Deciduous forests expand their range the most when any two of the following scenarios are combined: decreasing fire interval, warming and increasing precipitation. Tundra can be replaced by forest under warming but expands under precipitation increase. Main conclusion The model analyses agree with current knowledge of the responses of vegetation types to climate change and provide further insight into drivers of vegetation change. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Calef, MP (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, POB 75700, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM fnmpc@uaf.edu RI Shugart, Herman/C-5156-2009 NR 87 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 32 IS 5 BP 863 EP 878 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01185.x PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 921GE UT WOS:000228751400011 ER PT J AU Ruggiero, P Kaminsky, GA Gelfenbaum, G Voigt, B AF Ruggiero, P Kaminsky, GA Gelfenbaum, G Voigt, B TI Seasonal to interannual morphodynamics along a high-energy dissipative littoral cell SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE beach surveys; El Nino; global positioning systems; La Nina; morphology monitoring; nearshore bathymetry; Oregon State; sandbar; shoreline change; Washington State ID AIRBORNE TOPOGRAPHIC LIDAR; COASTAL ENVIRONMENT; SHORELINE POSITION; SANDY BEACHES; EL-NINO; BEHAVIOR; OREGON; VARIABILITY; WASHINGTON; MORPHOLOGY AB A each morphology monitoring program was initiated during summer 1997 along the Columbia River littoral cell (CRLC) on the coasts of northwest Oregon and southwest Washington, USA. This field program documents the seasonal through interannual morphological variability of these high-energy dissipative beaches over a variety of spatial scales. Following the installation of a dense network of geodetic control monuments, a nested sampling scheme consisting of cross-shore topographic beach profiles, three-dimensional topographic beach surface maps, nearshore bathymetric surveys, and sediment size distribution analyses was initiated. Beach monitoring is being conducted with state-of-the-art real-time kinematic differential global positioning system survey methods that combine both high accuracy and speed of measurement. Sampling methods resolve variability in beach morphology at alongshore length scales of approximately 10 meters to approximately 100 kilometers and cross-shore length scales of approximately I meter to approximately 2 kilometers. During the winter of 1997/1998, coastal change in the US Pacific Northwest was greatly influenced by one of the strongest El Nino events on record. Steeper than typical southerly wave angles resulted in alongshore sediment transport gradients and shoreline reorientation on a regional scale. The La Nina of 1998/1999, dominated by cross-shore processes associated with the largest recorded wave year in the region, resulted in net beach erosion along much of the littoral cell. The monitoring program successfully documented the morphological response to these interannual forcing anomalies as well as the subsequent beach recovery associated with three consecutive moderate wave years. These morphological observations within the CRLC can be generalized to explain overall system patterns; however, distinct differences in large-scale coastal behavior (e.g., foredune ridge morphology, sandbar morphometrics, and nearshore beach slopes) are not readily explained or understood. C1 US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Washington Dept Ecol, Coastal Monitoring & Anal Program, Olympia, WA 98503 USA. Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Ruggiero, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM pruggiero@usgs.gov OI Ruggiero, Peter/0000-0001-7425-9953 NR 68 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 12 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 553 EP 578 DI 10.2112/03-0029.1 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 930IJ UT WOS:000229408900016 ER PT J AU Aubin-Horth, N Letcher, BH Hofmann, HA AF Aubin-Horth, N Letcher, BH Hofmann, HA TI Interaction of rearing environment and reproductive tactic on gene expression profiles in Atlantic salmon SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting on Genomes and Evolution 2004 CY JUN 17-20, 2004 CL Penn State Univ, State Coll, PA SP Amer Genet Assoc, Int Soc Mol Biol & Evolut HO Penn State Univ ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; GOLDFISH CARASSIUS-AURATUS; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; ORYZIAS-LATIPES; CDNA MICROARRAY; BODY-SIZE; EVOLUTION; PLASTICITY AB Organisms that share the same genotype can develop into divergent phenotypes, depending on environmental conditions. In Atlantic salmon, young males of the same age can be found either as sneakers or immature males that are future anadromous fish. Just as the organism-level phenotype varies between divergent male developmental trajectories, brain gene expression is expected to vary as well. We hypothesized that rearing environment can also have an important effect on gene expression in the brain and possibly interact with the reproductive tactic adopted. We tested this hypothesis by comparing brain gene expression profiles of the two male tactics in fish from the same population that were reared in either a natural stream or under laboratory conditions. We found that expression of certain genes was affected by rearing environment only, while others varied between male reproductive tactics independent of rearing environment. Finally, more than half of all genes that showed variable expression varied between the two male tactics only in one environment. Thus, in these fish, very different molecular pathways can give rise to similar macro-phenotypes depending on rearing environment. This result gives important insights into the molecular underpinnings of developmental plasticity in relationship to the environment. C1 Harvard Univ, Bauer Ctr Genom Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USGS BRD, Leetwon Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Aubin-Horth, N (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Bauer Ctr Genom Res, 7 Divin Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM NAubin-Horth@cgr.harvard.edu RI Hofmann, Hans/A-1437-2008; Aubin-Horth, Nadia/F-3857-2011; OI Aubin-Horth, Nadia/0000-0002-9030-634X; Hofmann, Hans/0000-0002-3335-330X NR 54 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 96 IS 3 BP 261 EP 278 DI 10.1093/jhered/esi030 PG 18 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 908ER UT WOS:000227770700011 PM 15653555 ER PT J AU Yang, CT Simoes, FJM AF Yang, CT Simoes, FJM TI Wash load and bed-material load transport in the Yellow River SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB It has been the conventional assumption that wash load is supply limited and is only indirectly related to the hydraulics of a river. Hydraulic engineers also assumed that bed-material load concentration is independent of wash load concentration. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the Yellow River sediment transport data to determine whether the above assumptions are true and whether wash load concentration can be computed from the original unit stream power formula and the modified unit stream power formula for sediment-laden flows. A systematic and thorough analysis of 1,160 sets of data collected from 9 gauging stations along the Middle and Lower Yellow River confirmed that the method suggested by the conjunctive use of the two formulas can be used to compute wash load, bed-material load, and total load in the Yellow River with accuracy. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Yang, CT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM ctyang@engr.colostate.edu; frsimoes@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2005 VL 131 IS 5 BP 413 EP 418 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2005)131:4(413) PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 916ZG UT WOS:000228424900010 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, HS Buckley, PA Balmforth, MG Zhioua, E Mitra, S Buckley, FG AF Ginsberg, HS Buckley, PA Balmforth, MG Zhioua, E Mitra, S Buckley, FG TI Reservoir competence of native north American birds for the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reservoir competence; Borrelia burgdorferi; American robin; song sparrow; northern cardinal ID IXODES-DAMMINI ACARI; WHITE-FOOTED MICE; SOUTHERN NEW-YORK; TICKS ACARI; HOSTS; IXODIDAE; ISLAND; INCOMPETENCE; LANDSCAPE; ECOLOGY AB Reservoir competence for the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, was tested for six species of native North American birds: American robin, gray catbird, brown thrasher, eastern towhee, song sparrow, and northern cardinal. Wild birds collected by mist netting on Fire Island, NY, were held in a field laboratory in cages over water and locally collected larval ticks were placed on the birds, harvested from the water after engorgement, and tested for infection by direct fluorescentantibody staining after molting to the nymphal stage. American robins were competent reservoirs, infecting 16.1% of larvae applied to wild-caught birds, compared with 0% of control ticks placed on uninfected laboratory mice. Robins that were previously infected in the laboratory by nymphal feeding infected 81.8% of applied larvae. Wild-caught song sparrows infected 4.8% of applied larvae and 21.1% when infected by nymphal feeding. Results suggest moderate levels of reservoir competence for northern cardinals, lower levels for gray catbirds, and little evidence of reservoir competence for eastern towbees or brown thrashers. Lower infection rates in larvae applied to wild-caught birds compared with birds infected in the laboratory suggest that infected birds display temporal variability in infectiousness to larval ticks. Engorged larvae drop from birds abundantly during daylight, so the abundance of these bird species in the peridomestic environment suggests that they might contribute infected ticks to lawns and gardens. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Coastal Field Stn, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Ginsberg, HS (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Coastal Field Stn, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Woodward Hall PLS, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 23 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 445 EP 449 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[0445:RCONNA]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 925QJ UT WOS:000229067400034 PM 15962798 ER PT J AU Parat, F Dungan, MA Lipman, PW AF Parat, F Dungan, MA Lipman, PW TI Contemporaneous trachyandesitic and calc-alkaline volcanism of the Huerto Andesite, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado, USA SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE alkaline; calc-alkaline; petrogenesis; episodic magmatism; Fish Canyon system ID FISH-CANYON TUFF; RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; FE-TI OXIDES; TRACE-ELEMENT; MAGMA-CHAMBER; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; ZIRCON SATURATION; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; UNITED-STATES; ROCK SERIES AB Locally, voluminous andesitic volcanism both preceded and followed large eruptions of silicic ash-flow tuff from many calderas in the San Juan volcanic field. The most voluminous post-collapse lava suite of the central San Juan caldera cluster is the 28 Ma Huerto Andesite, a diverse assemblage erupted from at least 5-6 volcanic centres that were active around the southern margins of the La Garita caldera shortly after eruption of the Fish Canyon Tuff. These andesitic centres are inferred, in part, to represent eruptions of magma that ponded and differentiated within the crust below the La Garita caldera, thereby providing the thermal energy necessary for rejuvenation and remobilization of the Fish Canyon magma body. The multiple Huerto eruptive centres produced two magmatic series that differ in phenocryst mineralogy (hydrous vs anhydrous assemblages), whole-rock major and trace element chemistry and isotopic compositions. Hornblende-bearing lavas from three volcanic centres located close to the southeastern margin of the La Garita caldera (Eagle Mountain-Fourmile Creek, West Fork of the San Juan River, Table Mountain) define a high-K calc-alkaline series (57-65 wt % SiO2) that is oxidized, hydrous and sulphur rich. Trachyandesitic lavas from widely separated centres at Baldy Mountain-Red Lake (western margin), Sugarloaf Mountain (southern margin) and Ribbon Mesa (20 km east of the La Garita caldera) are mutually indistinguishable (55-61 wt % SiO2); they are characterized by higher and more variable concentrations of alkalis and many incompatible trace elements (e.g. Zr, Nb, heavy rare earth elements), and they contain anhydrous phenocryst assemblages (including olivine). These mildly alkaline magmas were less water rich and oxidized than the hornblende-bearing calc-alkaline suite. The same distinctions characterize the voluminous precaldera andesitic lavas of the Conejos Formation, indicating that these contrasting suites are long-term manifestations of San Juan volcanism. The favoured model for their origin involves contrasting ascent paths and differentiation histories through crustal columns with different thermal and density gradients. Magmas ascending into the main focus of the La Garita caldera were impeded, and they evolved at greater depths, retaining more of their primary volatile load. This model is supported by systematic differences in isotopic compositions suggestive of crust-magma interactions with contrasting lithologies. C1 Univ Geneva, Dept Mineral, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Parat, F (reprint author), Univ Hannover, Inst Mineral, Callinstr 3, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. EM f.parat@mineralogie.uni-hannover.de RI Parat, Fleurice/G-4988-2010 NR 86 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 46 IS 5 BP 859 EP 891 DI 10.1093/petrology/egi003 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 921PT UT WOS:000228777500001 ER PT J AU Reimer, GM Szarzi, SL AF Reimer, GM Szarzi, SL TI Indoor radon risk potential of Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID KILAUEA VOLCANO; POTASSIUM; THORIUM; URANIUM; BASALTS; FIELDS; RN-222; LAVAS; OAHU AB A comprehensive evaluation of radon risk potential in the State of Hawaii indicates that the potential for Hawaii is low. Using a combination of factors including geology, soils, source-rock type, soil-gas radon concentrations, and indoor measurements throughout the state, a general model was developed that permits prediction for various regions in Hawaii. For the nearly 3,100 counties in the coterminous U.S., National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) aerorad data was the primary input factor. However, NURE aerorad data was not collected in Hawaii, therefore, this study used geology and soil type as the primary and secondary components of potential prediction. Although the radon potential of some Hawaiian soils suggests moderate risk, most houses are built above ground level and the radon soil potential is effectively decoupled from the house. Only underground facilities or those with closed or recirculating ventilation systems might have elevated radon potential. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Reimer, GM (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 264 IS 2 BP 365 EP 369 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0722-9 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 918CO UT WOS:000228516700016 ER PT J AU Mastin, LG AF Mastin, LG TI The controlling effect of viscous dissipation on magma flow in silicic conduits SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Volcanic Eruption Mechanisms - Insights from Model Intercomparison of Conduit Processes CY NOV, 2002 CL Durham, NH SP Nat; Sci Fdn DE volcanic conduit flow; models; viscous dissipation; explosive eruptions ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VISCOSITY; EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; BUBBLE-BEARING MAGMAS; CLIMACTIC ERUPTION; ST-HELENS; DYNAMICS; PUMICE; ASCENT; VESICULATION; FRICTION AB Nearly all volcanic conduit models assume that flow is Newtonian and isothermal. Such models predict that, during high-flux silicic eruptions, gradients in pressure with depth increase upward as magma accelerates and becomes more viscous, leading to extremely low pressure and fragmentation at a depth of kilometers below the surface. In this paper I show that shear heating, also known as viscous dissipation, dramatically reduces the pressure gradient required for flow and concentrates shear in narrow zones along the conduit margin. The reduction in friction may eliminate the zone of low pressure predicted by isothermal models and move the fragmentation level up to the surface. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Mastin, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA USA. EM lgmastin@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 143 IS 1-3 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.09.008 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 936RP UT WOS:000229873400002 ER PT J AU Kiryu, Y Blazer, VS Vogelbein, WK Kator, H Shields, JD AF Kiryu, Y Blazer, VS Vogelbein, WK Kator, H Shields, JD TI Factors influencing the sporulation and cyst formation of Aphanomyces invadans, etiological agent of ulcerative mycosis in Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE epizootic ulcerative syndrome; fungal infections; Pfiesteria; salinity; temperature; zoospores ID RED SPOT DISEASE; MUGIL-CEPHALUS L; SYNDROME EUS; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; ESTUARINE FISH; UNITED-STATES; SEA MULLET; PATHOGENICITY; LESIONS; FUNGI AB Oomycete infections caused by Aphanomyces invadans occur in freshwater and estuarine fishes around the world. Along the east coast of the USA, skin ulcers caused by A. invadans are prevalent in Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus. From laboratory observations low salinities appear crucial to transmission of the pathogen. To better understand aspects of transmission, we characterized sporulation and cyst formation of secondary zoospores of two isolates of A. invadans at different salinities and temperatures. Sporulation occurred only at low salinities. At room temperature (ca. 20-22 C), using "pond water" augmented with artificial sea salts, the endemic strain WIC and the Thailand strain PA7 of A. invadans produced free-swimming secondary zoospores at salinities of 0, 1 and 2 psu (practical salinity unit = %), but not at 4 psu or higher. Secondary zoospores of another species, ATCC-62427 (Aphanomyces sp.), were observed at 1, 2, 4 and 8 psu but not at 0 and 12 psu. Secondary zoospores of all three isolates, especially WIC, were abundant and motile 1-2 d post-sporulation. Sporulation was temperature dependent and occurred over a relatively narrow range. No sporulation occurred at 4, 30 or 35 C for either WIC or PA7. For both strains zoospore production within 1-3 d after the initiation of sporulation was more prolific at 25 C than at 20 and 15 C. At 15 C production of zoospores was sustained over I I d for WIC and 5 d for PA7. At room temperature single WIC secondary zoospores remained motile 12-18 h. Salinities ex-ceeding 4 psu or vigorous shaking caused immediate cyst formation of WIC secondary zoospores. Exposure to menhaden tissue, but not tissues of other fishes to secondary zoospores (WIC), caused rapid (2 h) cyst formation. Cysts were capable of excysting when transferred to I psu water within 2-3 h of cyst formation. Cysts that had remained encysted in 6.5 psu for 24 h did not excysting when transferred to 1 psu water. Salinity and temperature requirements for sporulation indicate that juvenile menhaden must acquire infections during rain or in low salinity oligohaline waters. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Environm & Aquat Anim Hlth, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Shields, JD (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 8th Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jeff@vims.edu NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 97 IS 3 BP 569 EP 575 DI 10.3852/mycologia.97.3.569 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 969FE UT WOS:000232218200001 PM 16392244 ER PT J AU Oppenheimer, DH Bittenbinder, AN Bogaert, BM Buland, RP Dietz, LD Hansen, RA Malone, SD McCreery, CS Sokolowski, TJ Whitmore, PM Weaver, CS AF Oppenheimer, DH Bittenbinder, AN Bogaert, BM Buland, RP Dietz, LD Hansen, RA Malone, SD McCreery, CS Sokolowski, TJ Whitmore, PM Weaver, CS TI The seismic project of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE tsunami warning; earthquake monitoring; seismic network; seismic instrumentation; earthquake; tsunami ID EARTHQUAKE AB In 1997, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the five western States of Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington joined in a partnership called the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (NTHMP) to enhance the quality and quantity of seismic data provided to the NOAA tsunami warning centers in Alaska and Hawaii. The NTHMP funded a seismic project that now provides the warning centers with real-time seismic data over dedicated communication links and the Internet from regional seismic networks monitoring earthquakes in the five western states, the U.S. National Seismic Network in Colorado, and from domestic and global seismic stations operated by other agencies. The goal of the project is to reduce the time needed to issue a tsunami warning by providing the warning centers with high-dynamic range, broadband waveforms in near real time. An additional goal is to reduce the likelihood of issuing false tsunami warnings by rapidly providing to the warning centers parametric information on earthquakes that could indicate their tsunamigenic potential, such as hypocenters, magnitudes, moment tensors, and shake distribution maps. New or upgraded field instrumentation was installed over a 5-year period at 53 seismic stations in the five western states. Data from these instruments has been integrated into the seismic network utilizing Earthworm software. This network has significantly reduced the time needed to respond to teleseismic and regional earthquakes. Notably, the West Coast/Alaska Tsunami Warning Center responded to the 28 February 2001 Mw 6.8 Nisqually earthquake beneath Olympia, Washington within 2 minutes compared to an average response time of over 10 minutes for the previous 18 years. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Richard H Hagemeyer Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, Ewa Beach, HI USA. W Coast & Alaska Tsunami Warning Ctr, Palmer, AK USA. US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA USA. RP Oppenheimer, DH (reprint author), 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM oppen@usgs.gov OI Oppenheimer, David/0000-0002-6569-3640 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD MAY PY 2005 VL 35 IS 1 BP 59 EP 72 DI 10.1007/s11069-004-2404-2 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 902EJ UT WOS:000227336500005 ER PT J AU Clements, S Jepsen, D Karnowski, M Schreck, CB AF Clements, S Jepsen, D Karnowski, M Schreck, CB TI Optimization of an acoustic telemetry array for detecting transmitter-implanted fish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID THUNNUS-ALBACARES; ATLANTIC SALMON; YELLOWFIN TUNA; BEHAVIOR AB The development of miniature acoustic transmitters and economical, robust automated receivers has enabled researchers to study the movement patterns and survival of teleosts in estuarine and ocean environments, including many species and age-classes that were previously considered too small for implantation. During 2001-2003, we optimized a receiver mooring system to minimize gear and data loss in areas where current action or wave action and acoustic noise are high. In addition, we conducted extensive tests to determine ( I) the performance of a transmitter and receiver (Vemco, Ltd.) that are widely used, particularly in North America and Europe and (2) the optimal placement of receivers for recording the passage of fish past a point in a linear-flow environment. Our results suggest that in most locations the mooring system performs well with little loss of data; however, boat traffic remains a concern due to entanglement with the mooring system. We also found that the reception efficiency of the receivers depends largely on the method and location of deployment. In many cases, we observed a range of 0-100% reception efficiency (the percentage of known transmissions that are detected while the receiver is within range of the transmitter) when using a conventional method of mooring. The efficiency was improved by removal of the mounting bar and obstructions from the mooring line. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Clements, S (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM clemensh@onid.orst.edu NR 17 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 429 EP 436 DI 10.1577/M03-224.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936ET UT WOS:000229839000003 ER PT J AU Yuen, H Sharma, R AF Yuen, H Sharma, R TI Using simulation techniques to estimate management parameters on Snake River steelhead: Declines in productivity make rebuilding difficult SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; CHINOOK SALMON; STOCK SIZE; RECOVERY; RECRUITMENT; HABITAT; OREGON; BASIN AB We collected adult and juvenile spawner recruit data on wild summer steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss for the Snake River and estimated parameters for fisheries management by partitioning the data into predam and postdam periods and fitting the Ricker and Beverton-Holt models to those time series. The results showed a decline in productivity irrespective of the model chosen and the way in which the pre- and postdam periods were defined. However, the data were noisy and the confidence bounds on parameter estimates were fairly large. To reconcile the different management goals derived from the different data sources (adult or juvenile data) or model choice (Ricker or Beverton-Holt), we used simulation techniques and Bayesian algorithms. The combined approach Suggests a recovery management goal (i.e., spawning stock associated with the maximum sustainable yield) of 60,000 steelhead above Lower Granite Dam. At current smolt-to-adult survival rates, the data indicate optimal escapement of between 20,000 and 27,000 adults. We note that Snake River steelhead stocks cannot be managed for recovery escapement levels given current estimates of smolt-to-adult survival rates, and we discuss alternatives for present-day management and rebuilding over time. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. Columbia River Inter Tribal Fish Comm, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Yuen, H (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 9317 NE Highway 99, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. EM henry_yuen@fws.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 446 EP 463 DI 10.1577/M03-145.1 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936ET UT WOS:000229839000005 ER PT J AU Liao, HS Pierce, CL Larscheid, JG AF Liao, HS Pierce, CL Larscheid, JG TI An empirical model for estimating annual consumption by freshwater fish populations SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FOOD-CONSUMPTION; PREY CONSUMPTION; LAKE-MICHIGAN; PREDATION; RESERVOIR; DYNAMICS; TROUT; BASS AB Population consumption is an important process linking predator populations to their prey resources. Simple tools are needed to enable fisheries managers to estimate population consumption. We assembled 74 individual estimates of annual consumption by freshwater fish populations and their mean annual population size, 41 of which also included estimates of mean annual biomass. The data set included 14 freshwater fish species from 10 different bodies of water. From this data set we developed two simple linear regression models predicting annual population consumption. Log-transformed population size explained 94% of the variation in log-transformed annual population consumption. Log-transformed biomass explained 98% of the variation in log-transformed annual population consumption. We quantified the accuracy of our regressions and three alternative consumption models as the mean percent difference from observed (bioenergetics-derived) estimates in a test data set. Predictions from our population-size regression matched observed consumption estimates poorly (mean percent difference = 222%). Predictions from our biomass regression matched observed consumption reasonably well (mean percent difference = 24%). The biomass regression was superior to an alternative model, similar in complexity, and comparable to two alternative models that were more complex and difficult to apply. Our biomass regression model, log(10)(consumption) = 0.5442 + 0.9962 . log(10)(biomass), will be a useful tool for fishery managers, enabling them to make reasonably accurate annual population consumption predictions from mean annual biomass estimates. C1 Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Spirit Lake, IA 51360 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cpierce@iastate.edu NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 525 EP 532 DI 10.1577/M03-213.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936ET UT WOS:000229839000011 ER PT J AU Vokoun, JC Rabeni, CE AF Vokoun, JC Rabeni, CE TI Variation in an annual movement cycle of flathead catfish within and between two Missouri watersheds SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; CONSERVATION; FISHES; RIVER AB Flathead catfish from the main stems of the Grand River and Cuivre River were implanted with 400-d radio transmitters to determine an annual movement cycle. Substantial variation was observed within and between watersheds. Flathead catfish displayed annual movement that consisted of three main periods punctuated by brief migrations. The first, a period of overwintering was followed by migration from wintering areas in early spring, followed in turn by the prespawn/spawning period, which is characterized by increased activity, including longer movements (up to 187.6 km) during spates. After another short migration period came a third period of postspawn summer/fall restricted movement, which was followed by fall migration back to overwintering areas. Within this framework, individual fish displayed at least three variations of this annual pattern. Some individuals entered Grand River and Cuivre River watersheds during the prespawn/spawning period only, returning to the Missouri River or the Mississippi River during summer/fall, overwintering there, and reentering the tributary the following spring. Other individuals entered tributary watersheds for the prespawn/spawning period and remained there for the summer/fall period, returning to the big rivers to overwinter. In the Grand River, all individuals moved downstream (9-45 km) to the Missouri River and overwintered. Finally, some individuals in Cuivre River remained throughout the year, migrating short distances within the river to spawn, feed, and overwinter. The finding that fish were harvested at locations tens of kilometers from the areas where they spent considerable time suggests a larger scale for management than has previously been proposed. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Vokoun, JC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jason.vokoun@uconn.edu NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 563 EP 572 DI 10.1577/M04-043.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936ET UT WOS:000229839000016 ER PT J AU Schoenebeck, CW Strakosh, TR Guy, CS AF Schoenebeck, CW Strakosh, TR Guy, CS TI Effect of block net use and time of sampling on backpack electrotishing catches in three Kansas reservoirs SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID STREAMS; BASS AB Using backpack electrofishing in three Kansas reservoirs, we investigated the need for block nets when estimating density (fish/ha) and species diversity and determined whether time of sampling affected catch rates (fish/h) of age-0 largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and age-0 Lepomis spp. and species diversity. Block nets were used to enclose or buoys were used to mark the boundaries of 149 m(2) of reservoir surface area. Species richness, diversity, and density of age-0 largemouth bass and Lepomis spp. did not differ significantly between areas enclosed with block nets and areas marked with buoys, but species richness, diversity, and catch rates differed significantly between day and night sampling. Age-0 largemouth bass and Lepomis spp. catch rates, species richness, and species diversity were all significantly higher during night sampling. Our results indicate that use of block nets may not be necessary to estimate age-0 largemouth bass and Lepomis spp. densities, species richness, or diversity in reservoir littoral areas. We recommend night sampling because of significantly higher catch rates and better representation of the littoral fish assemblage. C1 Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Schoenebeck, CW (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM casey.schoenebeck@sdstate.edu NR 20 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 604 EP 608 DI 10.1577/M04-009.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936ET UT WOS:000229839000020 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE AF Miranda, LE TI Refining boat electrofishing equipment to improve consistency and reduce harm to fish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID INJURY; CALL AB A major concern with electrofishing is the standardization of sampling equipment and methods, particularly when collections are used to monitor spatial and temporal changes in fish communities. Standardization can not only ensure that stock assessment is consistent-that is, the data collected over time and space have equal meaning and are not influenced by differences in gear or gear application-but also reduce injury by constraining power to ranges that are likely to immobilize fish but unlikely to harm them. Standardization of electrofishing equipment requires adjusting power output to keep constant the amount of power transferred to fish in diverse water conditions. In this study, the power level thresholds required to immobilize and injure fish under controlled laboratory conditions were identified for various size-species combinations and applied to establish power minima and maxima suitable for successful and safe boat electrofishing. The target settings identified allowed survival of 99.4% of the fish collected and held for 2-3 h during field trials; all the mortalities were small fish (<= 53 turn long). The standardization procedure described herein may be adapted to single boats or fleets and can promote consistency in electrofishing, although it does not completely avoid harm to fish. Because electrofishing is an active capture method applied to changing microenvironments, complete standardization and total avoidance of harm to individual fish are not feasible with present technology, but standardization of controllable variables is advisable. C1 US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@cfr.msstate.edu NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 609 EP 618 DI 10.1577/M04-94.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936ET UT WOS:000229839000021 ER PT J AU Unwin, MJ Webb, M Barker, RJ Link, WA AF Unwin, MJ Webb, M Barker, RJ Link, WA TI Quantifying production of salmon fry in an unscreened irrigation system: A case study on the Rangitata River, New Zealand SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; CHINOOK-SALMON; RAKAIA RIVER; MIGRATION PATTERNS; LIFE-HISTORY; RESIDENCE; TRIBUTARY; SURVIVAL; MOVEMENT; FLOWS AB Diversion of out-imigrant juvenile salmon into unscreened irrigation and hydroelectric canals is thought to have contributed significantly to declining populations of anadromous salmonids in the Pacific Northwest but is seldom studied in detail. Here we describe a program to study the fate of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha fry diverted into the unscreened Rangitata Diversion Race (RDR) on the Rangitata River, New Zealand, by trapping fish in a random sample of on-farm canals in irrigation schemes (systems) served by the RDR. The catch rate at a site 9 km below the intake was strongly related to Rangitata River flow, but catches further downstream were unrelated to flow. Most fish entering the RDR were fry or early postfry (< 70 mm fork length [FL]), but up to 92% of the fish trapped in on-farm canals were fingerlings (> 70 mm FL), suggesting that many such fish became resident in the RDR for up to 3 months. Consequently, our estimate of the total number of fish leaving the RDR via on-farm canals (204,200 fish; 95% confidence limits = 127, 100 and 326,700) is a conservative measure of the number lost from the Rangitata River because it does not allow for mortality within the RDR. We did not quantify the proportion of Rangitata River out-migrants that entered the RDR, but our results suggest that this figure was at least 5% and that it may have been as high as 25%, depending on mortality rates within the Rangitata River main stem and the RDR itself. C1 Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand. Cent S Isl Reg, Fish & Game New Zealand, Temuka, New Zealand. Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Unwin, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, POB 8602, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM m.unwin@niwa.co.nz NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 619 EP 634 DI 10.1577/M04-065.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936ET UT WOS:000229839000022 ER PT J AU Stone, DM AF Stone, DM TI Effect of baiting on hoop net catch rates of endangered humpback chub SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GRAND-CANYON; GILA-CYPHA; FISH; COLORADO; ECOLOGY; ARIZONA; TRAPS; SIZE AB The effects of unbaited, scented (odor emitted by inaccessible hatchery feed), and baited (accessible feed) single-throated hoop nets on the catch rates of the federally endangered humpback chub Gila cypha ( >= 100 mm total length) were assessed in the Little Colorado River, Arizona, to determine how baiting affected the catch of these fish. Of a total of 1,297 unique humpback chub captured, 262 (20%) were caught in 179 unbaited nets, 330 (25%) in 179 scented nets, and 705 (54%) in 178 baited nets. Humpback chub retention in unbaited nets did not differ from a 50:50 chance event (P = 0.075) but probably peaked in baited nets where these fish were preoccupied with feeding (i.e., gorging themselves), which would explain the higher catch rates in baited than in scented or unbaited nets (P <= 0.001). Moreover, humpback chub catch rates were not significantly higher in scented than in unbaited nets (P = 0.779), which suggests that elevating both "fish attraction" and "fish retention" are essential to substantially increase their captures in these nets. However, scenting may still be a viable option when used in conjunction with passive gears possessing higher fish retention capabilities or to target species less prone to escape. The findings of this study should provide valuable insight to anyone wishing to optimize catch rates by baiting or scenting passive entrapment gear. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Stone, DM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 338, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. EM Dennis_Stone@fws.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 640 EP 645 DI 10.1577/M04-091.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936ET UT WOS:000229839000024 ER PT J AU Gadomski, DM Parsley, MJ AF Gadomski, DM Parsley, MJ TI Laboratory studies on the vulnerability of young white sturgeon to predation SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; LOWER SNAKE RIVER; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; DEPENDENT PREDATION; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; SMALLMOUTH BASS; SIZE; POPULATIONS; FISHES AB Despite evidence of annual spawning by white sturgeon Acipenser transtnontanus in rivers of the northwestern United States and Canada, in some years and locations little or no recruitment of age-0 white sturgeon has been observed. We examined the vulnerability of white sturgeon larvae and juveniles to predation to further understand possible causes of mortality. We were particularly interested in the vulnerability of older larvae and juveniles because at about 25 mm total length (TL) white sturgeon develop sharp dorsal and lateral scutes that may act as a morphological defense. In the laboratory, white sturgeon ranging from newly hatched larvae to about 170-mm TL juveniles were exposed to predatory fishes they might encounter in the natural environment. We found that channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (mean TL = 464 mm) and northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis (mean TL = 472 mm) ate white sturgeon up to mean sizes of 121 and 134 mm TL, respectively. Conversely, similarly sized walleyes Sander vitreus ingested almost no white sturgeon, although juvenile walleyes (mean TL 184 mm) ate white sturgeon up to 59 mm TL. The smallest predator we tested, prickly sculpins Cottus asper (mean TL = 126 mm), ate white sturgeon up to a mean TL of 50 mm. Our study demonstrated that predation is a likely cause of mortality of age-0 white sturgeon and may be contributing to the year-class failures that have been observed. In addition, the results from this study could be used to reduce the predation risk of artificially propagated white sturgeon released to augment declining populations since fish could be reared to sizes where their vulnerability is low. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Gadomski, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM dena_gadomski@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 667 EP 674 DI 10.1577/M03-220.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936ET UT WOS:000229839000028 ER PT J AU Peterson, JI Banish, NP Thurow, RF AF Peterson, JI Banish, NP Thurow, RF TI Are block nets necessary?: Movement of stream-dwelling salmonids in response to three common survey methods SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK TROUT; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; WINTER CONCEALMENT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR; SIZE AB Fish movement during sampling may negatively bias sample data and population estimates. We evaluated the short-term movements of stream-dwelling salmonids by recapture of marked individuals during day and night snorkeling and backpack electrofishing. Bull trout Salvelinus confluentus and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were captured in sufficient numbers to evaluate instream movements and the influence of stream habitat on movement. Salmonids moved upstream more often than downstream, which suggests that fish fled in response to sampling procedures. Fish movement rates were related to sampling method and stream habitat characteristics. The proportion of bull trout (mean total length, 148 mm) moving upstream from a 50-m reach was 28% for day snorkeling, 25% for night snorkeling, and 18% for single-pass electrofishing. The likelihood of rainbow trout movement upstream during sampling declined as the percentage of rubble substrate increased. Rainbow trout (mean total length, 139 mm) traveled short distances; 67% of mobile rainbow trout traveled 25 m, whereas 59% of mobile bull trout traveled more than 50 m. Our results suggest that fish movement out of sample sites during sampling may negatively bias abundance estimates and positively bias estimates of detection probability. We suggest that block nets are necessary to ensure population closure when estimating population abundance for stream-dwelling salmonids. We further caution that, when fish flee in response to sampling, observations of habitat use may only apply to the proportion of fish that remained stationary and that were observed. C1 Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Peterson, JI (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM peterson@smokey.forestryuga.edu NR 40 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 732 EP 743 DI 10.1577/M04-051.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936ET UT WOS:000229839000035 ER PT J AU Klett, TR Gautier, DL AF Klett, TR Gautier, DL TI Reserve growth in oil fields of the North Sea SO PETROLEUM GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE reserve estimate; North Sea; limestone reservoir; clastic reservoir; oil field AB The assessment of petroleum resources of the North Sea, as wen as other areas of the world, requires a viable means to forecast the amount of growth of reserve estimates (reserve growth) for discovered fields and to predict the potential fully developed sizes of undiscovered fields. This study investigates the utility of North Sea oil field data to construct reserve-growth models. Oil fields of the North Sea provide an excellent dataset in which to examine the mechanisms, characteristics, rates and quantities of reserve growth because of the high level of capital investments, implementation of sophisticated technologies and careful data collection. Additionally, these field data are well reported and available publicly. Increases in successive annual estimates of recoverable crude oil volumes indicate that oil fields in the North Sea, collectively and in each country, experience reserve growth. Specific patterns of reserve growth are observed among countries and primary producing reservoir-rock types. Since 1985, Norwegian oil fields had the greatest volume increase; Danish oil fields increased by the greatest percentage relative to 1985 estimates; and British oil fields experienced an increase in recoverable oil estimates for the first ten years since 1985, followed by a slight reduction. Fields producing primarily from elastic reservoirs account for the majority of the estimated recoverable oil and, therefore, these fields had the largest volumetric increase. Fields producing primarily from chalk (limestone) reservoirs increased by a greater percentage relative to 1985 estimates than did fields producing primarily from clastic reservoirs. Additionally, the largest oil fields had the greatest volumetric increases. Although different reserve-growth patterns are observed among oil fields located in different countries, the small number of fields in Denmark precludes construction of reserve-growth models for that country. However, differences in reserve-growth patterns among oil fields that produce from primarily clastic and primarily chalk reservoirs, in addition to a greater number of fields in each of the two categories, allow separate reserve-growth models to be constructed based on reservoir-rock type. Reserve-growth models referenced to the date of discovery and to the date of first production may be constructed from North Sea field data. Years since discovery or years since first production are used as surrogates for, or measures of, field-development effort that is applied to promote reserve growth. Better estimates of recoverable oil are made as fields are developed. Because much of the field development occurs some time later than the field discovery date, reserve-growth models referenced to the date of first production may provide a more appropriate measure of development than does date of discovery. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Klett, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-939, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM tklett@usgs.gov; gautier@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 1354-0793 J9 PETROL GEOSCI JI Petrol. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 11 IS 2 BP 179 EP 190 DI 10.1144/1354-079304-620 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 933II UT WOS:000229621700007 ER PT J AU Laba, M Tsai, F Ogurcak, D Smith, S Richmond, ME AF Laba, M Tsai, F Ogurcak, D Smith, S Richmond, ME TI Field determination of optimal dates for the discrimination of invasive wetland plant species using derivative spectral analysis SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE CLASSIFICATION; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; LAND-COVER; VEGETATION; REFLECTANCE; BAND AB Mapping invasive plant species in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems helps to understand the causes of their progression, manage some of their negative consequences, and control them. In recent years, a variety of new remote-sensing techniques, like Derivative Spectral Analysis (DSA) of hyper-spectral data, have been developed to facilitate this mapping. A number of questions related to these techniques remain to be addressed. This article attempts to answer one of these questions: Is the application of DSA optimal at certain times of the year? Field radiometric data gathered weekly during the summer of 1999 at selected field sites in upstate New York, populated with purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.), common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.)) and cattail (Typha L.) are analyzed using DSA to differentiate among plant community types. First, second and higher-order derivatives of the reflectance spectra of nine field plots, varying in plant composition, are calculated and analyzed in detail to identify spectral ranges in which one or more community types have distinguishing features. On the basis of the occurrence and extent of these spectral ranges, experimental observations suggest that a satisfactory differentiation among community types was feasible on 30 August, when plants experienced characteristic phenological changes (transition from flowers to seed heads). Generally, dates in August appear optimal from the point of view of species differentiability and could be selected for image acquisitions. This observation, as well as the methodology adopted in this article, should provide a firm basis for the acquisition of hyperspectral imagery and for mapping the targeted species over a broad range of spatial scales. C1 Cornell Univ, Inst Resource Informat Syst, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan. Cornell Univ, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Laba, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Inst Resource Informat Syst, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Rice Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ml49@cornell.edu NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 71 IS 5 BP 603 EP 611 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 923CF UT WOS:000228885700005 ER PT J AU Mancera, JE Meche, GC Cardona-Olarte, PP Castaneda-Moya, E Chiasson, RL Geddes, NA Schile, LM Wang, HG Guntenspergen, GR Grace, JB AF Mancera, JE Meche, GC Cardona-Olarte, PP Castaneda-Moya, E Chiasson, RL Geddes, NA Schile, LM Wang, HG Guntenspergen, GR Grace, JB TI Fine-scale spatial variation in plant species richness and its relationship to environmental conditions in coastal marshlands SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autocorrelation; coastal wetland; Louisiana; path modeling; spatial scale; species richness; structural equation modeling ID COMMUNITY BIOMASS; PATTERNS; DENSITY; DIVERSITY; PRODUCTIVITY; AVAILABILITY; DETERMINANTS; DEPENDENCE; VERTEBRATE; VARIABLES AB Previous studies have shown that variations in environmental conditions play a major role in explaining variations in plant species richness at community and landscape scales. In this study, we considered the degree to which fine-scale spatial variations in richness could be related to fine-scale variations in abiotic and biotic factors. To examine spatial variation in richness, grids of 1 m(2) plots were laid out at five sites within a coastal riverine wetland landscape. At each site, a 5 x 7 array of plots was established adjacent to the river's edge with plots one meter apart. In addition to the estimation of species richness, environmental measurements included sediment salinity, plot microelevation, percent of plot recently disturbed, and estimated community biomass. Our analysis strategy was to combine the use of structural equation modeling (path modeling) with an assessment of spatial association. Mantel's tests revealed significant spatial autocorrelation in species richness at four of the five sites sampled, indicating that richness in a plot correlated with the richness of nearby plots. We subsequently considered the degree to which spatial autocorrelations in richness could be explained by spatial autocorrelations in environmental conditions. Once data were corrected for environmental correlations, spatial autocorrelation in residual species richness could not be detected at any site. Based on these results, we conclude that in this coastal wetland, there appears to be a fine-scale mapping of diversity to microgradients in environmental conditions. C1 Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Grace, JB (reprint author), Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM Jim_Grace@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 178 IS 1 BP 39 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s11258-004-2486-7 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 950GK UT WOS:000230845400004 ER PT J AU Creuwels, JCS Stark, JS Woehler, EJ van Franeker, JA Ribic, CA AF Creuwels, JCS Stark, JS Woehler, EJ van Franeker, JA Ribic, CA TI Monitoring of a southern giant petrel Macronectes giganteus population on the Frazier Islands, Wilkes Land, Antarctica SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM POPULATION; TRENDS; SEABIRDS; ADELIE AB Since 1956, Southern Giant Petrels on the Frazier Islands, East Antarctica, have been counted with different census techniques, sometimes varying within seasons and among islands, which hindered analysis of the data. Protective measures for the islands from 1986 onwards have increased the need for reliable long-term census data, but reduced the ways to collect these data. Published and unpublished data were re-examined, and population trends were reconstructed based on two relatively standardised techniques: the number of active chicks (AC) and the number of apparently occupied nests (AON) around hatching. AC-values from Nelly Island from 1959 to 1998 indicate substantial periodic fluctuations, but no consistent long-term change. Since the late 1970s, AC-values on the other two islands and AON-values suggest that the breeding population may have grown by 35%. This recent growth, however, is within the extent of periodic fluctuations observed in Southern Giant Petrel population that is stable over the long term. C1 Alterra Texel, Marine & Coastal Zone Res, NL-1790 AD Den Burg, Netherlands. Univ Groningen, Dept Marine Biol, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. Univ Wisconsin, USGS Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Russell Labs 204, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Creuwels, JCS (reprint author), Alterra Texel, Marine & Coastal Zone Res, POB 167, NL-1790 AD Den Burg, Netherlands. EM jeroen@creuwels.nl OI Stark, Jonathan/0000-0002-4268-8072 NR 38 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 28 IS 6 BP 483 EP 493 DI 10.1007/s00300-004-0663-8 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 926GD UT WOS:000229110300007 ER PT J AU Bennett, JP Benson, S AF Bennett, JP Benson, S TI Elemental content of lichens of the Point Reyes Peninsula, northern California SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE sea water; ocean aerosol; arsenic; lead; Parmotrema arnoldii ID NATIONAL-PARK AB The Point Reyes peninsula in northern California is about 45 km northwest of San Francisco and occasionally receives air masses from the city contributing to haze and lowered visibility. Although gaseous pollutants are not a problem, fine particulates containing carbon and other elements are measurable at the park. In this study, five lichen species were sampled along a 40-km linear transect from southeast to northwest from the town of Bolinas at the southern end of the peninsula. Elevated levels of Na and S and the Na/S ratio at localities nearer the ocean confirmed there is a definite marine aerosol influence on lichen elemental content. Elevated potassium and mercury concentrations were also found at high elevation sites that intercept fog. However, arsenic and lead were found to decrease with distance from Bolinas along the transect, suggesting these two elements originate in the fine particulate haze that enters the park from San Francisco. Concentrations of elements were not at enriched levels for other lichen species. A possible local influence of roads on element content needs further study. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. RP Bennett, JP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, 445 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jpbennet@wisc.edu; bensonsh@sonoma.edu NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 343 IS 1-3 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.10.004 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 929JM UT WOS:000229342400013 PM 15862845 ER PT J AU Park, J Butler, R Anderson, K Berger, J Benz, H Davis, P Hutt, CR McCreery, CS Ahern, T Ekstrom, G Aster, R AF Park, J Butler, R Anderson, K Berger, J Benz, H Davis, P Hutt, CR McCreery, CS Ahern, T Ekstrom, G Aster, R TI Performance review of the global seismographic network for the Sumatra-Andaman megathrust earthquake SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALASKAN EARTHQUAKE; FREQUENCIES; TSUNAMI; SLIP C1 Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. IRIS Consortium, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. IRIS Data Management Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM jeffrey.park@yale.edu; rhett@iris.edu; kent@iris.edu; jberger@ucsd.edu; benz@usgs.gov; pdavis@ucsd.edu; hutt@asl.cr.usgs.gov; charles.mccreery@noaa.gov; tim@iris.washington.edu; ekstrom@seismology.harvard.edu; aster@ees.nmt.edu RI Ekstrom, Goran/C-9771-2012; GEOFON, GlobalSeismicNetwork/E-4273-2012; Aster, Richard/E-5067-2013 OI Ekstrom, Goran/0000-0001-6410-275X; Aster, Richard/0000-0002-0821-4906 NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 3 BP 331 EP 343 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 929VX UT WOS:000229375800005 ER PT J AU Frankel, A AF Frankel, A TI Reply to "Comment on "How can seismic hazard in the new Madrid seismic zone be similar to that in California?' by Arthur Frankel SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Frankel, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, DFC, MS 966,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM afrankel@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 3 BP 366 EP 367 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 929VX UT WOS:000229375800009 ER PT J AU Hough, SE Bilham, R Mueller, K Stephenson, W Williams, R Odum, J AF Hough, SE Bilham, R Mueller, K Stephenson, W Williams, R Odum, J TI Wagon loads of sand blows in White County Illinois SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MADRID SEISMIC ZONE; WABASH VALLEY; TRIGGERED EARTHQUAKES; NORTH-AMERICA; GROUND-MOTION; UNITED-STATES; STRESS CHANGE; ANCIENT RIFT; MAGNITUDE; AFTERSHOCKS AB Several anecdotal accounts provide compelling evidence that liquefaction occurred at several sites in Illinois during the 1811-1812 New Madrid sequence, as much as 250 km north of the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ). At one Wabash Valley location, sand blows are still evident near Big Prairie, Illinois, a location described in a particularly detailed and precise historic account. This account includes descriptions of substantial liquefaction (sand blows) as well as a two-mile-long east-west-trending "crack" along which two feet of south-side-clown displacement occurred. An offset can no longer be seen at this location, which has been extensively farmed and plowed for decades. Field reconnaissance verifies many of the details provided in the account, however. We conducted a seismic-reflection experiment at this location and observed a modest offset in the Paleozoic strata at this location. The offset is opposite to that described in the historic account, consistent with the hypothesis that large mid-continent earthquakes occur on faults reactivated in a Holocene stress regime different from the one in which they were formed. Only two explanations can account for these observations: Either large NMSZ events triggered substantial liquefaction at distances greater than hitherto realized, or at least one large "New Madrid" event occurred significantly north of the NMSZ. We explore these possibilities and conclude that, while neither one can be ruled out, several disparate lines of evidence suggest that the 23 January 1812 "New Madrid mainshock" occurred in White County, Illinois, near the location of the m(b) 5.5 1968 southern Illinois earthquake and recent microearthquake activity. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@gps.cattech.edu OI Bilham, Roger/0000-0002-5547-4102 NR 63 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 3 BP 373 EP 386 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 929VX UT WOS:000229375800011 ER PT J AU Arai, Y Livi, KJT Sparks, DL AF Arai, Y Livi, KJT Sparks, DL TI Phosphate reactivity in long-term poultry litter-amended southern Delaware sandy soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN SOILS; PHOSPHORUS ADSORPTION; SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS; HYDROUS OXIDES; GOETHITE; ALUMINUM; SORPTION; RUNOFF; MANURE; FERRIHYDRITE AB Eutrophication caused by dissolved P from poultry litter (PL)amended agricultural soils has been a serious environmental concern in the Delaware-Maryland-Virginia Peninsula (Delmarva), USA. To evaluate state and federal nutrient management strategies for reducing the environmental impact of soluble P from long-term PL-amended Delaware (DE) soils, we investigated (i) inorganic P speciation; (ii) P adsorption capacity; and (iii) the extent of P desorption. Although the electron microprobe (EMP) analyses showed a strong correlation between P and Al/Fe, crystalline Al/Fe-P precipitates were not detected by x-ray diffraction (XRD). Instead, the inorganic P fractionation analyses showed high levels of oxalate extractable P, At, and Fe fractions (615-858, 1215-1478, and 337-752 mg kg(-1), respectively), which were susceptible to slow release during the long-term (30-d) P desorption experiments at a moderately acidic soil pH,a,,,. The labile P in the short-term (24-h) desorption studies was significantly associated with oxalate and F extractable Fe and At, respectively. This was evident in an 80% reduction maximum in total desorbable P from NH4 oxalate/F pretreated soils. In the adsorption experiments, P was strongly retained in soils at near targeted pH of lime (&AP; 6.0), but P adsorption gradually decreased with decreasing pH near the soil pH(water) ( 5.0). The overall findings suggest that P losses from the can he suppressed by an increase in the P retention capacity of soils via (i) an increase in the number of lime applications to maintain soil pH,,,,, at near targeted pH values, and/or (ii) alum/iron sulfate amendments to provide additional Al- and Fe-based adsorbents. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Arai, Y (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM yarai@usgs.gov NR 68 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 7 U2 21 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 616 EP 629 DI 10.2136/sssaj.0218 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 924VV UT WOS:000229009800006 ER PT J AU Christian, E AF Christian, E TI Planning for the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) SO SPACE POLICY LA English DT Article AB The Group on Earth Observations was established to promote comprehensive, coordinated, and sustained Earth observations. Its mandate is to implement the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) in accord with the GEOSS 10-Year Implementation Plan and Reference Document. During the months over which the GEOSS Implementation Plan was developed, many issues surfaced and were addressed. This article discusses several of the more interesting or challenging of those issues - e.g. fitting in with existing organizations and securing stable funding-some of which have yet to be resolved fully as of this writing. Despite the relatively short period over which the Implementation Plan had to be developed, there is a good chance that the work undertaken will be influential for decades to come. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Geog Data Comm, Natl Ctr 802, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Christian, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Geog Data Comm, Natl Ctr 802, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM echristian@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-9646 J9 SPACE POLICY JI Space Policy PD MAY PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 105 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.spacepol.2005.03.002 PG 5 WC International Relations; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC International Relations; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 942CJ UT WOS:000230260200006 ER PT J AU Petty, JT Lamothe, PJ Mazik, PM AF Petty, JT Lamothe, PJ Mazik, PM TI Spatial and seasonal dynamics of brook trout populations inhabiting a central Appalachian watershed SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROWN TROUT; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; CUTTHROAT TROUT; WEST-VIRGINIA; SMALL STREAMS; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; SPAWNING HABITAT; NORTH-CAROLINA; SALMO-TRUTTA AB We quantified the watershed-scale spatial population dynamics of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in the Second Fork, a third-order tributary of Shavers Fork in eastern West Virginia. We used visual surveys, electrofishing, and mark-recapture techniques to quantify brook trout spawning intensity, population density, size structure, and demographic rates (apparent survival and immigration) throughout the watershed. Our analyses produced the following results. Spawning by brook trout was concentrated in streams with small basin areas (i.e., segments draining less than 3 km(2)), relatively high alkalinity (> 10 mg CaCO(3)/L), and high amounts of instream cover. The spatial distribution of juvenile and small-adult brook trout within the watershed was relatively stable and was significantly correlated with spawning intensity. However, no such relationship was observed for large adults, which exhibited highly variable distribution patterns related to seasonally important habitat features, including instream cover, stream depth and width, and riparian canopy cover. Brook trout survival and immigration rates varied seasonally, spatially, and among size-classes. Differential survival and immigration tended to concentrate juveniles and small adults in small, alkaline streams, whereas dispersal tended to redistribute large adults at the watershed scale. Our results suggest that spatial and temporal variations in spawning, survival, and movement interact to determine the distribution, abundance, and size structure of brook trout populations at a watershed scale. These results underscore the importance of small tributaries for the persistence of brook trout in this watershed and the need to consider watershed-scale processes when designing management plans for Appalachian brook trout populations. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26501 USA. W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26501 USA. RP Petty, JT (reprint author), Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, 730 N Montana St, Dillon, MT 59725 USA. EM jpetty@mail.wvu.edu NR 48 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 134 IS 3 BP 572 EP 587 DI 10.1577/T03-229.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 934QW UT WOS:000229724300003 ER PT J AU Bunnell, DB Scantland, MA Stein, RA AF Bunnell, DB Scantland, MA Stein, RA TI Testing for evidence of maternal effects among individuals and populations of white crappie SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; CAPTIVE ATLANTIC COD; TOTAL EGG-PRODUCTION; ENERGY DENSITY; SIZE; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; FISH; VIABILITY; FECUNDITY AB For an increasing number of species, maternal characteristics have been correlated with the characteristics of their eggs or larvae at the individual level. Documenting these maternal effects at the population level, however, is uncommon. For white crappies Pomoxis annularis, we evaluated whether individual maternal effects on eggs existed and then explored whether incorporating maternal effects explained additional variation in recruitment, a population-level response. Individual egg quality (measured as ovary energy density) increased with maternal length among individuals from seven Ohio reservoirs in 1999 and three in 2000. Among these same individuals, egg quality increased with maternal condition factor (measured as residual wet mass for a given length) in 1999 but not in 2000. In 2000 we estimated somatic energy density, an improved measure of condition; egg quality increased with somatic energy density, but somatic energy density was also strongly correlated with maternal length. Hence, we could not determine whether maternal length or condition was the primary factor influencing white crappie egg quality. Across seven populations, the relative population fecundity (i.e., stock size) of the 1999 year-class was unable to explain the variation in recruitment to age 2 (Ricker model r(2) = 0.04 and Beverton and Holt model r(2) = 0.02). Mean ovary energy density (i.e., egg quality), however, was unable to explain additional recruitment variability in either model. Hence, we documented evidence of maternal effects on individual ovaries but not on population-level recruitment. Nonetheless, we recommend that future studies seeking to understand white crappie recruitment continue to consider maternal effects as a potential factor, especially those studies that may have greater sample sizes at the population level and, in turn, a greater probability of documenting a population-level effect. C1 Ohio State Univ, Aquat Ecol Lab, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Bunnell, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dbunnell@usgs.gov OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 134 IS 3 BP 607 EP 619 DI 10.1577/T04-094.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 934QW UT WOS:000229724300006 ER PT J AU Bramblett, RG Johnson, TR Zale, AV Heggem, DG AF Bramblett, RG Johnson, TR Zale, AV Heggem, DG TI Development and evaluation of a fish assemblage index of biotic integrity for northwestern Great Plains streams SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ARKANSAS RIVER-BASIN; PRAIRIE STREAMS; WATER-QUALITY; COMMUNITIES; LANDSCAPE; IBI; CYPRINIDAE; SCALES; KANSAS AB Quantitative indicators of biological integrity are needed for streams in the Great Plains of North America, but it was not known whether the index of biotic integrity (IBI) approach would be effective in this semiarid region. Great Plains streams have a depauperate and tolerant ichthyofauna and highly variable physicochemical conditions that may mask the effects of non-point-source pollution and stream habitat degradation. We developed an IBI based on fish assemblages by screening metrics for range, responsiveness to human influence, precision, and lack of redundancy; we then tested the IBI's ability to detect anthropogenic effects by validating the index with an independent data set. The IBI was composed of 10 metrics based on species richness and composition, trophic and reproductive guilds, and age structure. These 10 metrics had many significant correlations with substrate and water chemistry variables but had fewer significant correlations with riparian condition and watershed variables. Of the watershed variables, road density had the highest number of significant correlations with final IBI metrics. The IBI was validated by demonstrating its responsiveness to aggregate measures of human influence, site-level habitat, and water chemistry, and its lack of responsiveness to factors that varied naturally, such as stream size and site elevation. The IBI was also temporally stable within and between years during repeat visits to a subset of sampled reaches. This IBI can be used as a measure of biological integrity for management of prairie streams faced with threats such as introduced species, intensive agriculture, grazing, and coalbed natural gas extraction. Although we developed this IBI based on data from Montana prairie streams only, our IBI can probably serve as a framework for other North American plains streams and our results suggest that the IBI approach may be useful in other semiarid regions of the world. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Bramblett, RG (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bbram@montana.edu OI Heggem, Daniel/0000-0001-9238-3368 NR 72 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 134 IS 3 BP 624 EP 640 DI 10.1577/T04-051.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 934QW UT WOS:000229724300008 ER PT J AU Bonar, SA Bolding, BD Divens, M Meyer, W AF Bonar, SA Bolding, BD Divens, M Meyer, W TI Effects of introduced fishes on wild juvenile coho salmon in three shallow Pacific Northwest lakes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; OCEAN GROWTH; RIVER; WASHINGTON; SURVIVAL; STEELHEAD; MICHIGAN; CREEK AB Declines in Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. have been blamed on hydropower, overfishing, ocean conditions, and land use practices; however, less is known about the impacts of introduced fish. Most of the hundreds of lakes and ponds in the Pacific Northwest contain introduced fishes, and many of these water bodies are also important for salmon production, especially of coho salmon O. kisutch. Over 2 years, we examined the predation impacts of 10 common introduced fishes (brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus, black crappie Pomoxis nigro-maculatus, bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas, green sunfish L. cyanellus, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, pumpkinseed L. gibbosus, rainbow trout O. mykiss, warmouth L. gulosus, and yellow perch Perca flavescens) and two native fishes (cutthroat trout O. clarkii and prickly sculpin Cottus asper) on wild juvenile coho salmon in three shallow Pacific Northwest lakes, all located in different watersheds. Of these species, largemouth bass were responsible for an average of 98% of the predation on coho salmon in all lakes, but the total impact to each run varied among lakes and years. Very few coho salmon were eaten by black crappies, brown bullheads, cutthroat trout, prickly sculpin, or yellow perch, whereas other species were not observed to eat coho salmon. Juvenile coho salmon growth in all lakes was higher than in nearby streams. Therefore, food competition between coho salmon and introduced fishes in lakes was probably not limiting coho salmon populations. Largemouth bass are widespread and are present in 85% of lowland warmwater public-access lakes in Washington (n = 421), 84% of those in Oregon (n = 179), and 74% of those in the eight northwestern most counties in California (n = 19). Future research would help to identify the impact of largemouth bass predation across the region and prioritize takes where impacts are most severe. Nevertheless, attempts to transplant or increase largemouth bass numbers in lakes important to coho salmon would be counterproductive to coho salmon enhancement efforts. C1 Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sbonar@ag.arizona.edu NR 44 TC 10 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 134 IS 3 BP 641 EP 652 DI 10.1577/T04-154.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 934QW UT WOS:000229724300009 ER PT J AU Zale, AV Brooke, C Fraser, WC AF Zale, AV Brooke, C Fraser, WC TI Effects of surgically implanted transmitter weights on growth and swimming stamina of small adult westslope cutthroat trout SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; DUMMY ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTERS; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; TELEMETRY TRANSMITTERS; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; GAIRDNERI AB The generally accepted 2% ratio of transmitter weight to body weight constrains or precludes telemetry studies examining the timing and location of spawning of small adult westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi in headwater streams. We empirically determined effects of surgically implanted dummy transmitters ranging in weight from 1 to 5 g on the swimming stamina and growth of small (81.3-206.9 g) adult westslope cutthroat trout in the laboratory to establish acceptable transmitter weights for field studies on this species. Mean growth rates and swimming stamina were not significantly different among treatments, including controls. No precipitous decline or threshold beyond which performance deteriorated markedly was observed. Data collected using telemetered westslope cutthroat trout implanted with transmitters less than about 4% of body weight should therefore approximate information about untelemetered individuals without significant bias. However, we also detected subtle effects on growth within this transmitter weight range related to individual transmitter-body weight ratios (0.5-5.3% initially), and there were indications that swimming stamina was affected similarly. Each 1% increase in transmitter-body weight ratio elicited an 11.6% decrease in growth and a possible 5.6% decrease in swimming stamina at 6 weeks postimplantation. Therefore, transmitter selection should weigh the costs of increased transmitter weight on fish performance against the benefits of longer transmission durations. In the case in which transmitter weights approaching 4% of body weight are necessary to complete a study and slight decreases in performance are not expected to affect findings materially, such weights may be acceptable. In other cases, researchers should choose the lightest possible transmitters that allow study goals to be achieved and not automatically select transmitters weighing 4% of body weight. C1 Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Fish & Wildlife Management Program, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana Univ, Syst Water Ctr, Wild Trout Res Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Zale, AV (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM zale@montana.edu NR 30 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 134 IS 3 BP 653 EP 660 DI 10.1577/T04-050.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 934QW UT WOS:000229724300010 ER PT J AU Quist, MC Hubert, WA AF Quist, MC Hubert, WA TI Relative effects of biotic and abiotic processes: A test of the Biotic-Abiotic Constraining Hypothesis as applied to cutthroat trout SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WATER FISH COMMUNITIES; BROOK TROUT; BROWN TROUT; STREAM; PREDATION; ABUNDANCE; RIVER; TEMPERATURE; SURVIVAL; COLORADO AB The Biotic-Abiotic Constraining Hypothesis (BACH) suggests that biotic interactions can have an overriding negative influence on a fish species, even when abiotic conditions are suitable. The abundance of a fish species is predicted to be largely regulated by abiotic habitat characteristics when densities of predators or competitors are low. However, when predator or competitor densities are high, the abundance of the fish species is suppressed by biotic interactions regardless of environmental conditions. We used data from the Salt River basin (ldaho-Wyoming) to investigate whether the BACH could be used to explain patterns in the density of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii across a water-shed. Using a combination of principal components and nonlinear multiple-regression analyses, we determined that the BACH was useful for explaining patterns in cutthroat trout density. When brown trout Salmo trutta and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis densities were low cutthroat trout density was highly variable and was best explained by habitat characteristics. High cutthroat trout densities were found in high-gradient reaches with little fine substrate and a low proportion of deep-pool habitat (i.e., reaches with a diversity of pools, riffles, and runs). When brown trout and brook trout densities were high, cutthroat trout density was always low despite favorable habitat conditions. Brown trout density was highest in low-elevation reaches with warm water temperatures and abundant instream cover, whereas brook trout density was highest in high-elevation reaches with low water temperatures. This study suggests that the influence of brown trout and brook trout densities overrode the influence exerted by habitat conditions on cutthroat trout density in the Salt River basin and that the BACH is useful for explaining biotic and abiotic influences on lotic cutthroat trout populations. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Quist, MC (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. EM mcquist@iastate.edu NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 134 IS 3 BP 676 EP 686 DI 10.1577/T04-112.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 934QW UT WOS:000229724300012 ER PT J AU Baker, EA Wehrly, KE Seelbach, PW Wang, L Wiley, MJ Simon, T AF Baker, EA Wehrly, KE Seelbach, PW Wang, L Wiley, MJ Simon, T TI A multimetric assessment of stream condition in the northern lakes and forests ecoregion using spatially explicit statistical Modeling and regional normalization SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; FISH COMMUNITIES; WATER-QUALITY; HABITAT; URBANIZATION; LANDSCAPE AB We sampled fish communities, water temperature, water chemistry, physical habitat, and catchment characteristics for 94 stream sites selected randomly throughout the Northern Lakes and Forests ecoregion and used those data to explicitly model reference conditions and assess ecological stream condition at each site via a regional normalization framework. The streams we sampled were first order through fourth order, and the catchments ranged from 0.9 to 458 km(2). We developed multiple linear regression (MLR) models that predicted fish community metrics, water chemistry characteristics, and local physical habitat from catchment characteristics; we used these models to compare existing conditions with the conditions that would be expected based on the regression models. Our results indicated that the fish communities were relatively unimpaired because the catchment variables associated with human-induced land use change were important in only 1 of the 10 fish metric models. Agricultural land use was a significant variable in the MLR equation for species of Lepomis (sunfish). Agricultural land use and urban land use were both significant variables in all of the MLR models predicting water chemistry variables; urban land use was a significant variable in the MLR model predicting the percent coverage of all instream cover types. Regional normalization indicated that none of the sites were impaired based on fish community attributes. However, our analysis based on water chemistry metrics indicated that 22-35% of the sites were impaired and that, based on physical habitat, 6-14% of the sites were impaired. A comparison with other published studies of the ecoregion suggested that the regional normalization process correctly characterized stream condition. C1 Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Fisheries Res Inst, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Monona, WI 53716 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. RP Baker, EA (reprint author), Michigan Dept Nat Resources, 488 Cherry Creek Rd, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM bakerea@michigan.gov RI Wiley, Michael/A-6853-2012; Simon, Thomas/B-4075-2012; OI Simon, Thomas/0000-0003-4393-4703 NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 134 IS 3 BP 697 EP 710 DI 10.1577/T03-205.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 934QW UT WOS:000229724300014 ER PT J AU Scudlark, JR Rice, KC Conko, KM Bricker, OP Church, TM AF Scudlark, JR Rice, KC Conko, KM Bricker, OP Church, TM TI Transmission of atmospherically derived trace elements through an undeveloped, forested Maryland watershed SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE atmospheric deposition; forested watershed; Maryland; throughfall; trace elements ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; DRY DEPOSITION; STREAM WATER; WET DEPOSITION; NATURAL LEAD; MAJOR IONS; PRECIPITATION; THROUGHFALL; METALS; CANOPY AB The transmission of atmospherically derived trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) was evaluated in a small, undeveloped, forested watershed located in north-central Maryland. Atmospheric input was determined for wet-only and vegetative throughfall components. Annual throughfall fluxes were significantly enriched over incident precipitation for most elements, although some elements exhibited evidence of canopy release (Mn) or preferential uptake (As, Cr, and Se). Stream export was gauged based on systematic sampling under varied flow regimes. Particle loading appears to contribute significantly to watershed export (> 10%) for only As, Pb, and Fe, and then only during large precipitation/runoff events. The degree of watershed transmission for each trace element was evaluated based on a comparison of total, net atmospheric input (throughfall) to stream export over an annual hydrologic cycle. This comparison indicates that the atmospheric input of some elements (Al, Cd, Ni, Zn) is effectively transmitted through the watershed, but other elements (Pb, As, Se, Fe, Cr, Cu) appear to be strongly sequestered, in the respective orders noted. Results suggest that precipitation and subsequent soil pH are the primary factors that determine the mobility of sequestered trace element phases. To further resolve primary atmospheric and secondary weathering components, the geochemical model NETPATH was applied. Results indicate that minerals dissolved include chlorite, plagioclase feldspar, epidote, and potassium feldspar; phases formed were kaolinite, pyrite, and silica. The model also indicates that weathering processes contribute negligible amounts of trace elements to stream export, indicative of the unreactive orthoquartzite bedrock lithology underlying the watershed. Thus, the stream export of trace elements primarily reflects atmospheric deposition to the local watershed. C1 Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Scudlark, JR (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, 700 Pilottown Rd, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. EM scudlark@udel.edu RI Rice, Karen/A-8945-2013; OI Conko, Kathryn/0000-0001-6361-4921; Rice, Karen/0000-0002-9356-5443 NR 86 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 163 IS 1-4 BP 53 EP 79 DI 10.1007/s11270-005-8135-5 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 938AX UT WOS:000229973400005 ER PT J AU Smith, RL Buckwalter, SP Repert, DA Miller, DN AF Smith, RL Buckwalter, SP Repert, DA Miller, DN TI Small-scale, hydrogen-oxidizing-denitrifying bioredctor for treatment of nitrate-pontaminated drinking water SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bioreactor; denitrification; drinking water; hydrogen; nitrate; Rhodocyclus ID CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICATION; MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR; ELEMENTAL SULFUR; BIOFILM REACTOR; UNITED-STATES; BACTERIA; REMOVAL; ACCUMULATION; ORGANISMS AB Nitrate removal by hydrogen-coupled denitrification. was examined using flow-through, packed-bed bioreactors to develop a small-scale, cost effective system for treating nitrate-contaminated drinking-water supplies. Nitrate removal was accomplished using a Rhodocyclus sp., strain HOD 5, isolated from a sole-source drinking-water aquifer. The autotrophic capacity of the purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacterium made it particularly adept for this purpose. Initial tests used a commercial bioreactor filled with glass beads and countercurrent, non-sterile flow of an,autotrophic, air-saturated, growth medium and hydrogen gas. Complete removal of 2mM nitrate was achieved for more than 300 days of operation at a 2-h retention time. A low-cost hydrogen generator/bioreactor system was then constructed from readily available materials as a water treatment approach using the Rhodocyclus strain. After initial tests with the growth medium, the constructed system was tested using nitrate-amended drinking water obtained from fractured granite and sandstone aquifers, with moderate and low TDS loads, respectively. Incomplete nitrate removal was evident in both water types, with high-nitrite concentrations in the bioreactor output, due to a pH increase,. which inhibited nitrite reduction. This was rectified by including carbon dioxide in the hydrogen stream. Additionally, complete nitrate removal was accomplished with wastewater-impacted surface water, with a concurrent decrease in dissolved organic carbon. The results of this study using three chemically distinct water supplies demonstrate that hydrogen-coupled denitrification can serve as the basis for small-scale remediation and that pilot-scale testing might be the next logical step. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Dept Interior, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Dept Interior, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM rlsmith@usgs.gov RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125 NR 35 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 39 IS 10 BP 2014 EP 2023 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.03.024 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 941VB UT WOS:000230241200010 PM 15890383 ER PT J AU Szaro, RC Boyce, DA Puchlerz, T AF Szaro, RC Boyce, DA Puchlerz, T TI The challenges associated with developing science-based landscape scale management plans SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE landscape scale planning; temperate rainforest; assessments; resource analyses; risk assessment panels; information needs; Alaska AB Planning activities over large landscapes poses a complex of challenges when trying to balance the implementation of a conservation strategy while still allowing for a variety of consumptive and nonconsumptive uses. We examine a case in southeast Alaska to illustrate the breadth of these challenges and an approach to developing a science-based resource plan. Not only was the planning area, the Tongass National Forest, USA, exceptionally large (approximately 17 million acres or 6.9 million ha), but it also is primarily an island archipelago environment. The water system surrounding and going through much of the forest provides access to facilitate the movement of people, animals, and plants but at the same time functions as a barrier to others. This largest temperate rainforest in the world is an exceptional example of the complexity of managing at such a scale but also illustrates the role of science in the planning process. As we enter the 21st century, the list of questions needing scientific investigation has not only changed dramatically, but the character of the questions also has changed. Questions are contentious, cover broad scales in space and time, and are highly complex and interdependent. The provision of unbiased and objective information to all stakeholders is an important step in informed decision-making. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Tongass Natl Forest, Ketchikan, AK 99901 USA. RP Szaro, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mailstop 300, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rszaro@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1-3 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.09.011 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 913CM UT WOS:000228128000002 ER PT J AU Amitrano, D Grasso, JR Senfaute, G AF Amitrano, D Grasso, JR Senfaute, G TI Seismic precursory patterns before a cliff collapse and critical point phenomena SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; EARTHQUAKES; ROCK; PREDICTION; LANDSLIDES; TRANSITION; BREAKDOWN; FRACTURE AB We analyse the statistical pattern of seismicity before a 1 - 2 10(3) m(3) chalk cliff collapse on the Normandie ocean shore, Western France. We show that a power law acceleration of seismicity rate and energy in both 40 Hz - 1.5 kHz and 2 Hz - 10kHz frequency range, is defined on 3 orders of magnitude, within 2 hours from the collapse time. Simultaneously, the average size of the seismic events increases toward the time to failure. These in situ results are derived from the only station located within one rupture length distance from the rock fall rupture plane. They mimic the "critical point'' like behavior recovered from physical and numerical experiments before brittle failures and tertiary creep failures. Our analysis of this first seismic monitoring data of a cliff collapse suggests that the thermodynamic phase transition models for failure may apply for cliff collapse. C1 INERIS, INPL, LAEGO, F-54042 Nancy, France. Lab Geophys Interne & Tectonphys, Grenoble, France. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Amitrano, D (reprint author), INERIS, INPL, LAEGO, F-54042 Nancy, France. EM amitrano@mines.inpl-nancy.fr RI grasso, jean-robert /I-8383-2012 NR 35 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 29 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 8 AR L08314 DI 10.1029/2004GL022270 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 923GB UT WOS:000228896800002 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, ES Palmer, MA Allan, JD Alexander, G Barnas, K Brooks, S Carr, J Clayton, S Dahm, C Follstad-Shah, J Galat, D Gloss, S Goodwin, P Hart, D Hassett, B Jenkinson, R Katz, S Kondolf, GM Lake, PS Lave, R Meyer, JL O'Donnell, TK Pagano, L Powell, B Sudduth, E AF Bernhardt, ES Palmer, MA Allan, JD Alexander, G Barnas, K Brooks, S Carr, J Clayton, S Dahm, C Follstad-Shah, J Galat, D Gloss, S Goodwin, P Hart, D Hassett, B Jenkinson, R Katz, S Kondolf, GM Lake, PS Lave, R Meyer, JL O'Donnell, TK Pagano, L Powell, B Sudduth, E TI Ecology - Synthesizing US river restoration efforts SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID FRESH-WATER C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NOAA, Natl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Natl Acad Sci, Philadelphia, PA USA. Univ Idaho, Boise, ID USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. USGS, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USGS, Ctr Biol Informat, Denver, CO USA. RP Bernhardt, ES (reprint author), Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. EM emily.bernhardt@duke.edu RI Bernhardt, Emily/B-4541-2010; Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011 OI Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X NR 20 TC 781 Z9 808 U1 25 U2 349 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 29 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5722 BP 636 EP 637 DI 10.1126/science.1109769 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 922BO UT WOS:000228810900030 PM 15860611 ER PT J AU Molina, R Hanlon, S Savidge, T Bogan, A Levine, J AF Molina, R Hanlon, S Savidge, T Bogan, A Levine, J TI Buoyant weight technique: Application to freshwater bivalves SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Elliptio complanata; Corbicula fluminea; shell volume; growth measurement ID GROWTH; SHELL; UNIONIDAE; MUSSELS; BIOMASS AB A buoyant weight (W-b) method is described that makes use of bivalve weight underwater. Estimations of air fresh weight (W-f), total dry weight (W-d), shell weight (W-s), and tissue dry weight (W-o) were obtained from species-specific regression equations based on W-b. Standard regression curves were developed for two common freshwater bivalves, the Eastern Elliptio (Elliptio complanata) and the Asian Clam (Corbicula fluminea). Logarithmic estimations of W-b were also generated based on shell morphometric measurements. The estimates based on the technique showed that W-b of E. complanata and C. fluminea are linearly correlated with W-f, W-t, and W-o. In addition, shell volumes (length, height, and width measurements) of both species were shown to be good estimators of W-b. The buoyant weight technique is a simple and nonlethal means of generating different growth parameters in captive and wild freshwater mussels. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, SW Virginia Field Off, Abingdon, VA 24210 USA. Catena Grp, Hillsborough, NC 27278 USA. N Carolina State Museum Nat Sci, Res Lab, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Molina, R (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM revmolina@yahoo.com; shine_hanlon@fws.gov; tiwasa1@aol.com; arthur.bogan@ncmail.net; jay_levine@ncsu.edu RI Bogan, Arthur/G-7658-2016 OI Bogan, Arthur/0000-0003-4042-7706 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL SOC, INC PI WILMINGTON PA DELAWARE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, BOX 3937, WILMINGTON, DE 19807-0937 USA SN 0740-2783 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PD APR 27 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 039RU UT WOS:000237325300007 ER PT J AU Simunek, J Nimmo, JR AF Simunek, J Nimmo, JR TI Estimating soil hydraulic parameters from transient flow experiments in a centrifuge using parameter optimization technique SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LOW WATER-CONTENT; OUTFLOW EXPERIMENTS; UNSTABLE INFILTRATION; EVAPORATION METHOD; UNSATURATED SOILS; POROUS-MEDIA; CONDUCTIVITY; EQUATION; MODEL AB A modified version of the Hydrus software package that can directly or inversely simulate water flow in a transient centrifugal field is presented. The inverse solver for parameter estimation of the soil hydraulic parameters is then applied to multirotation transient flow experiments in a centrifuge. Using time-variable water contents measured at a sequence of several rotation speeds, soil hydraulic properties were successfully estimated by numerical inversion of transient experiments. The inverse method was then evaluated by comparing estimated soil hydraulic properties with those determined independently using an equilibrium analysis. The optimized soil hydraulic properties compared well with those determined using equilibrium analysis and steady state experiment. Multirotation experiments in a centrifuge not only offer significant time savings by accelerating time but also provide significantly more information for the parameter estimation procedure compared to multistep outflow experiments in a gravitational field. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Simunek, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM jiri.simunek@ucr.edu; jrnimmo@usgs.gov RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011 NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 27 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 AR W04015 DI 10.1029/2004WR003379 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 923HJ UT WOS:000228900600002 ER PT J AU Palandri, JL Kharaka, YK AF Palandri, JL Kharaka, YK TI Ferric iron-bearing sediments as a mineral trap for CO2 sequestration: Iron reduction using sulfur-bearing waste gas SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL MOLAL PROPERTIES; AQUIFER DISPOSAL; HIGH-PRESSURES; DISSOLUTION; TEMPERATURES; STANDARD; KINETICS; WATER; THERMODYNAMICS; ELECTROLYTES AB We present a novel method for geologic sequestration of anthropogenic CO2 in ferrous carbonate, using ferric iron present in widespread redbeds and other sediments. Iron can be reduced by SO2 that is commonly a component of flue gas produced by combustion of fossil fuel, or by adding SO2 or H2S derived from other industrial processes to the injected waste gas stream. Equilibrium and kinetically controlled geochemical simulations at 120 bar and 50 and 100 degrees C with SO2 or H2S show that iron can be transformed almost entirely to siderite thereby trapping CO2, and simultaneously, that sulfur can be converted predominantly to dissolved sulfate. If there is an insufficient amount of sulfur-bearing gas relative to CO2 as for typical flue gas, then some of the iron is not reduced, and some of the CO2 is not sequestered. If there is an excess of sulfur-bearing gas, then complete iron reduction is ensured, and some of the iron precipitates as pyrite or other solid iron sulfide, depending on their relative precipitation kinetics. Gas mixtures with insufficient sulfur relative to CO2 can be used in sediments containing Ca, Mg, or other divalent metals capable of precipitating carbonate minerals. For quartz arenite with an initial porosity of 21% and containing 0.25 wt.% Fe2O3, approximately 0.79 of CO2 is sequestered per kg of rock, and the porosity decrease is less than 0.03%. Sequestration of CO2 using ferric iron has the advantage of disposing of SO2 that may already be present in the combustion gas. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Palandri, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS427, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jlpaland@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD APR 25 PY 2005 VL 217 IS 3-4 BP 351 EP 364 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.12.018 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 928PQ UT WOS:000229284400012 ER PT J AU Yard, MD Bennett, GE Mietz, SN Coggins, LG Stevens, LE Hueftle, S Blinn, DW AF Yard, MD Bennett, GE Mietz, SN Coggins, LG Stevens, LE Hueftle, S Blinn, DW TI Influence of topographic complexity on solar insolation estimates for the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, AZ SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE solar incidence; PPFD; topographic relief; GIS; aquatic ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; GEOMORPHOLOGICAL INFLUENCES; FLOW REGULATION; DESERT RIVER; ARIZONA; USA; RADIATION; COMMUNITIES; ECOLOGY; DAM AB Rugged topography along the Colorado River in Glen and Grand Canyons, exemplifies features common to canyon-bound streams and rivers of the and southwest. Physical relief influences regulated river systems, especially those that are altered, and have become partially reliant on aquatic primary production. We measured and modeled instantaneous solar flux in a topographically complex environment to determine where differences in daily, seasonal and annual solar insolation occurred in this river system. At a system-wide scale, topographic complexity generates a spatial and temporal mosaic of varying solar insolation. This solar variation is a predictable consequence of channel orientation, geomorphology, elevation angles and viewshed. Modeled estimates for clear conditions corresponded closely with observed measurements for both instantaneous photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD: mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) and daily insolation levels (relative error 2.3%, CI +/- 0.45, S.D. 0.3, n = 29,813). Mean annual daily insolation levels system-wide were estimated to be 36 mol m(-2)d(-1) (17.5 S.D.), and seasonally varied on average from 13.4-57.4 mol m(-2)d(-1), for winter and summer, respectively. In comparison to identical areas lacking topographic effect (idealized plane), mean daily insolation levels were reduced by 22% during summer, and as much as 53% during winter. Depending on outlying topography, canyon bound regions having east-west (EW) orientations had higher seasonal variation, averaging from 8.1 to 61.4 mol m(-2)d(-1), for winter and summer, respectively. For EW orientations, 70% of mid-channel sites were obscured from direct incidence during part of the year; and of these sites, average diffuse light conditions persisted for 19.3% of the year (70.5 days), and extended upwards to 194 days. This predictive model has provided an initial quantitative step to estimate and determine the importance of autotrophic production for this ecosystem, as well as a broader application for other canyon systems. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Grand Canyon Wildlands Council, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Yard, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM myard@infomagic.net NR 63 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR 25 PY 2005 VL 183 IS 2-3 BP 157 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.07.027 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 908HY UT WOS:000227779300002 ER PT J AU Adams, PN Storlazzi, CD Anderson, RS AF Adams, PN Storlazzi, CD Anderson, RS TI Nearshore wave-induced cyclical flexing of sea cliffs SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID MONTEREY-BAY; NATURAL BEACH; CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE; OCEAN; PLATFORMS; PACIFIC; EROSION; ENERGY; SWASH AB [1] Evolution of a tectonically active coast is driven by geomorphically destructive energy supplied by ocean waves. Wave energy is episodic and concentrated; sea cliffs are battered by the geomorphic wrecking ball every 4 - 25 s. We measure the response of sea cliffs to wave assault by sensing the ground motion using near-coastal seismometers. Sea cliffs respond to waves in two distinct styles. High-frequency motion ( 20 Hz) reflects the natural frequency of the sea cliff as it rings in response to direct wave impact. Low-frequency motion in the 0.1 - 0.05 Hz ( 10 - 20 s) band consistently agrees with the dominant nearshore wave period. Integrating microseismic velocities suggests 50 μ m and 10 μ m displacements in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. Displacement ellipsoids exhibit simultaneous downward and seaward sea cliff motion with each wave. Video footage corroborates the downward sea cliff flex in response to the imposed water load on the wave cut platform. Gradients in displacement amplitudes documented using multiple seismometers suggest longitudinal and shear strain of the flexing sea cliff on the order of 0.5 - 4 μ strains during each wave loading cycle. As this sea cliff flexure occurs approximately 3 million times annually, it has the potential to fatigue the rock through cyclical loading. Local sea cliff retreat rates of 10 cm/yr imply that a given parcel of rock is flexed through roughly 10(9) cycles of increasing amplitude before exposure to direct wave attack at the cliff face. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, INSTARR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Adams, PN (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM adamsp@es.ucsc.edu; cstorlazzi@usgs.gov; andersrs@colorado.edu RI Adams, Peter/I-5315-2016 OI Adams, Peter/0000-0002-3158-3259 NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD APR 23 PY 2005 VL 110 IS F2 AR UNSP F02002 DI 10.1029/2004JF000217 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 922QS UT WOS:000228853500001 ER PT J AU Gomberg, J Reasenberg, P Cocco, M Belardinelli, ME AF Gomberg, J Reasenberg, P Cocco, M Belardinelli, ME TI A frictional population model of seismicity rate change SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID FAULT INTERACTION; LARGE EARTHQUAKES; STRESS TRANSFER; DYNAMIC STRESS; FAILURE MODELS; ROCK FRICTION; AFTERSHOCKS; STATE; CALIFORNIA; ORIENTATIONS AB [1] We study models of seismicity rate changes caused by the application of a static stress perturbation to a population of faults and discuss our results with respect to the model proposed by Dieterich ( 1994). These models assume a distribution of nucleation sites ( e. g., faults) obeying rate-state frictional relations that fail at constant rate under tectonic loading alone, and predicts a positive static stress step at time t(0) will cause an immediate increased seismicity rate that decays according to Omori's law. We show one way in which the Dieterich model may be constructed from simple general ideas, illustrated using numerically computed synthetic seismicity and mathematical formulation. We show that seismicity rate changes predicted by these models ( 1) depend on the particular relationship between the clock-advanced failure and fault maturity, ( 2) are largest for the faults closest to failure at t(0), ( 3) depend strongly on which state evolution law faults obey, and ( 4) are insensitive to some types of population heterogeneity. We also find that if individual faults fail repeatedly and populations are finite, at timescales much longer than typical aftershock durations, quiescence follows a seismicity rate increase regardless of the specific frictional relations. For the examined models the quiescence duration is comparable to the ratio of stress change to stressing rate Delta tau/(tau) over dot, which occurs after a time comparable to the average recurrence interval of the individual faults in the population and repeats in the absence of any new load perturbations; this simple model may partly explain observations of repeated clustering of earthquakes. C1 US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 92045 USA. Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, Settore Geofis, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RP US Geol Survey, 3876 Cent Ave,Suite 2, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM gomberg@usgs.gov; reasen@usgs.gov; cocco@ingv.it; elina@ibogfs.df.unibo.it RI Cocco, Massimo/G-6872-2012 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 22 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B5 AR B05S03 DI 10.1029/2004JB003404 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 922RN UT WOS:000228855700002 ER PT J AU Cook, AJ Fox, AJ Vaughan, DG Ferrigno, JG AF Cook, AJ Fox, AJ Vaughan, DG Ferrigno, JG TI Retreating glacier fronts on the Antarctic Peninsula over the past half-century SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LARSEN ICE SHELF; COLLAPSE AB The continued retreat of ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula has been widely attributed to recent atmospheric warming, but there is little published work describing changes in glacier margin positions. We present trends in 244 marine glacier fronts on the peninsula and associated islands over the past 61 years. Of these glaciers, 87% have retreated and a clear boundary between mean advance and retreat has migrated progressively southward. The pattern is broadly compatible with retreat driven by atmospheric warming, but the rapidity of the migration suggests that this may not be the sole driver of glacier retreat in this region. C1 British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Cook, AJ (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM acook@bas.ac.uk RI Vaughan, David/C-8348-2011 NR 27 TC 364 Z9 376 U1 13 U2 78 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 22 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5721 BP 541 EP 544 DI 10.1126/science.1104235 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 922BK UT WOS:000228810500049 PM 15845851 ER PT J AU Oviatt, CG Miller, DM McGeehin, JP Zachary, C Mahan, S AF Oviatt, CG Miller, DM McGeehin, JP Zachary, C Mahan, S TI The Younger Dryas Phase of Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Great Salt Lake; Lake Bonneville; Younger Dryas; paleoclimate; radiocarbon date; luminescence date ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; INFRARED-STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; FELDSPAR COARSE GRAINS; BONNEVILLE BASIN; UNITED-STATES; LATE PLEISTOCENE; LATEST PLEISTOCENE; CIRQUE GLACIATION; AGE CALIBRATION; SEDIMENTS AB Field investigations at the Public Shooting Grounds (a wildlife-management area on the northeastern shore of Great Salt Lake) and radiocarbon dating show that the Great Salt Lake rose to the Gilbert shoreline sometime between 12.9 and 11.2 cal ka. We interpret a ripple-laminated sand unit exposed at the Public Shooting Grounds, and dated to this time interval, as the nearshore sediments of Great Salt Lake deposited during the formation of the Gilbert shoreline. The ripple-laminated sand is overlain by channel-fill deposits that overlap in age (11.9-11.2 cal ka) with the sand, and by wetland deposits (11.1 to 10.5 cal ka). Consistent accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon ages were obtained from samples of plant fragments, including those of emergent aquatic plants, but mollusk shells from spring and marsh deposits yielded anomalously old ages, probably because of a variable radiocarbon reservoir effect. The Bonneville basin was effectively wet during at least part of the Younger Dryas global-cooling interval, however, conflicting results from some Great Basin locations and proxy records indicate that the regional effects of Younger Dryas cooling are still not well understood. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Geol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Oviatt, CG (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Geol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM joviatt@ksu.edu OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 80 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD APR 18 PY 2005 VL 219 IS 3-4 BP 263 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.12.029 PG 22 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 922KV UT WOS:000228837700004 ER PT J AU Arai, Y Sparks, DL Davis, JA AF Arai, Y Sparks, DL Davis, JA TI Arsenate adsorption mechanisms at the allophane - water interface SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; ANION ADSORPTION; ALUMINUM-OXIDE; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; IONIC-STRENGTH; IRON-OXIDES; NEW-ZEALAND; PHOSPHATE; SURFACE; IMOGOLITE AB We investigated arsenate (As(V)) reactivity and surface speciation on amorphous aluminosilicate mineral (synthetic allophane) surfaces using batch adsorption experiments, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The adsorption isotherm experiments indicated that As(V) uptake increased with increasing [As-(V)](o) from 50 to 1000 mu M (i.e., Langmuir type adsorption isotherm) and that the total As adsorption slightly decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations from 0.01 to 0.1 M, Arsenate adsorption was initially (0-10 h) rapid followed by a slow continuum uptake, and the adsorption processes reached the steady state after 720 h. X-ray absorption spectroscopic analyses suggest that As(V) predominantly forms bidentate binuclear surface species on aluminum octahedral structures, and these species are stable up to 11 months. Solubility calculations and powder XRD analyses indicate no evidence of crystalline Al-As(V) precipitates in the experimental systems. Overall, macroscopic and spectroscopic evidence suggest that the As(V) adsorption mechanisms at the allophane-water interface are attributable to ligand exchange reactions between As(V) and surface-coordinated water molecules and hydroxyl and silicate ions, The research findings imply that dissolved tetrahedral oxyanions (e.g., H2PO42- and H2AsO42-) are readily retained on amorphous aluminosilicate minerals in aquifer and soils at near neutral pH. The inner-sphere adsorption mechanisms might be important in controlling dissolved arsenate and phosphate in amorphous aluminosilicate-rich low-temperature geochemical environments. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. RP Arai, Y (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 465 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM yarai@usgs.gov NR 61 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 8 BP 2537 EP 2544 DI 10.1021/es0486770 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 917AT UT WOS:000228428900023 PM 15884346 ER PT J AU White, AF Schulz, MS Vivit, DV Blum, AE Stonestrom, DA Harden, JW AF White, AF Schulz, MS Vivit, DV Blum, AE Stonestrom, DA Harden, JW TI Chemical weathering rates of a soil chronosequence on granitic alluvium: III. Hydrochemical evolution and contemporary solute fluxes and rates SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SOLUTION SATURATION STATE; SR ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS; GLACIAL CHRONOSEQUENCE; LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS; SILICATE MINERALS; PUERTO-RICO; CALIFORNIA; DISSOLUTION; DEPENDENCE; CHEMISTRY AB Although long-term changes in solid-state compositions of soil chronosequences have been extensively investigated, this study presents the first detailed description of the concurrent hydrochemical evolution and contemporary weathering rates in such sequences. The most direct linkage between weathering and hydrology over 3 million years of soil development in the Merced chronosequence in Central California relates decreasing permeability and increasing hydrologic heterogeneity to the development of secondary argillic horizons and silica duripans. In a highly permeable, younger soil (40 kyr old), pore water solutes reflect seasonal to decadal-scale variations in rainfall and evapotranspiration (ET). This climate signal is strongly damped in less permeable older soils (250 to 600 kyr old) where solutes increasingly reflect weathering inputs modified by heterogeneous flow. Elemental balances in the soils are described in terms of solid state, exchange and pore water reservoirs and input/output fluxes from precipitation, ET, biomass, solute discharge and weathering. Solute mineral nutrients are strongly dependent on biomass variations as evidenced by an apparent negative K weathering flux reflecting aggradation by grassland plants. The ratios of solute Na to other base cations progressively increase with soil age. Discharge fluxes of Na and Si, when integrated over geologic time, are comparable to solid-state mass losses in the soils, implying similar past weathering conditions. Similarities in solute and sorbed Ca/Mg ratios reflect short-term equilibrium with the exchange reservoir. Long-term consistency in solute ratios, when contrasted against progressive decreases in solid-state Ca/Mg, requires an additional Ca source, probably from dry deposition. Amorphous silica precipitates from thermodynamically-saturated pore waters during periods of high evapotranspiration and result in the formation of duripans in the oldest soils. The degree of feldspar and secondary gibbsite and kaolinite saturation varies both spatially and temporally due to the seasonality of plant-respired CO2 and a decrease in organically complexed A1. In deeper pore waters, K-feldspar is in equilibrium and plagioclase is about an order of magnitude undersaturated. Hydrologic heterogeneity produces a range of weathering gradients that are constrained by solute distributions and matrix and macropore flow regimes. Plagioclase weathering rates, based on precipitation-corrected Na gradients, vary between 3 and 7 x 10(-16) mol m(-2) s(-1). These rates are similar to previously determined solid-state rates but are several orders of magnitude slower than for experimental plagioclase dissolution indicating strong inhibitions to natural weathering, partly due to near-equilibrium weathering reactions. Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP White, AF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM afwhite@usgs.gov RI Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011; OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385; Schulz, Marjorie/0000-0001-5597-6447 NR 80 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 7 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 8 BP 1975 EP 1996 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.10.003 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 920IG UT WOS:000228682000006 ER PT J AU Nielsen, SG Rehkamper, M Porcelli, D Andersson, P Halliday, AN Swarzenski, PW Latkoczy, C Gunther, D AF Nielsen, SG Rehkamper, M Porcelli, D Andersson, P Halliday, AN Swarzenski, PW Latkoczy, C Gunther, D TI Thallium isotope composition of the upper continental crust and rivers - An investigation of the continental sources of dissolved marine thallium SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID AMAZON RIVER; TRACE-ELEMENTS; BOREAL RIVER; MASS-BALANCE; MC-ICPMS; GEOCHEMISTRY; LOESS; WATER; IRON; FRACTIONATION AB The thallium (T1) concentrations and isotope compositions of various river and estuarine waters, suspended riverine particulates and loess have been determined. These data are used to evaluate whether weathering reactions are associated with significant T1 isotope fractionation and to estimate the average T1 isotope composition of the upper continental crust as well as the mean T1 concentration and isotope composition of river water. Such parameters provide key constraints on the dissolved T1 fluxes to the oceans from rivers and mineral aerosols. The T1 isotope data for loess and suspended riverine detritus are relatively uniform with a mean of 82115 T1 = -2.0 +/- 0.3 (epsilon(205) T1 represents the deviation of the (205)T1/(203)T1 isotope ratio of a sample from NIST SRM 997 T1 in parts per 10(4)). For waters from four major and eight smaller rivers, the majority were found to have T1 concentrations between 1 and 7 ng/kg. Most have T1 isotope compositions very similar (within +/- 1.5 epsilon(205) T1) to that deduced for the upper continental crust, which indicates that no significant T1 isotope fractionation occurs during weathering. Based on these results, it is estimated that rivers have a mean natural T1 concentration and isotope composition of 6 +/- 4 ng/kg and epsilon(205)T1 = -2.5 +/- 1.0, respectively. In the Amazon estuary, both additions and losses of T1 were observed, and these correlate with variations in Fe and Mn contents. The changes in T1 concentrations have much lower amplitudes, however, and are not associated with significant T1 isotope effects. In the Kalix estuary, the T1 concentrations and isotope compositions can be explained by two-component mixing between river water and a high-salinity end member that is enriched in T1 relative to seawater. These results indicate that T1 can display variable behavior in estuarine systems but large additions and losses of T1 were not observed in the present study. Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd C1 ETH, Dept Earth Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Lab Isotope Geol, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. USGS, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. ETH, Inorgan Chem Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Nielsen, SG (reprint author), ETH, Dept Earth Sci, Sonneggstr 5, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM sune@erdw.ethz.ch RI Nielsen, Sune/C-7345-2011; OI Nielsen, Sune/0000-0002-0458-3739; Rehkamper, Mark/0000-0002-0075-9872 NR 50 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 8 BP 2007 EP 2019 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.10.025 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 920IG UT WOS:000228682000008 ER PT J AU Burns, D AF Burns, D TI What do hydrologists mean when they use the term flushing? SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; CATCHMENT; FLOW; DYNAMICS; WATERS; RIVER C1 US Geol Survey, Watersheds Res Sect, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Burns, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Watersheds Res Sect, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM daburns@usgs.gov RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009 NR 16 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1325 EP 1327 DI 10.1002/hyp.5860 PG 3 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 914CF UT WOS:000228201500011 ER PT J AU Stewart, IT Cayan, DR Dettinger, MD AF Stewart, IT Cayan, DR Dettinger, MD TI Changes toward earlier streamflow timing across western North America SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MASS-BALANCE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; SIERRA-NEVADA; RIVER-BASIN; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION AB The highly variable timing of streamflow in snowmelt-dominated basins across western North America is an important consequence, and indicator, of climate fluctuations. Changes in the timing of snowmelt-derived streamflow from 1948 to 2002 were investigated in a network of 302 western North America gauges by examining the center of mass for flow, spring pulse onset dates, and seasonal fractional flows through trend and principal component analyses. Statistical analysis of the streamflow timing measures with Pacific climate indicators identified local and key large-scale processes that govern the regionally coherent parts of the changes and their relative importance. Widespread and regionally coherent trends toward earlier onsets of springtime snowmelt and streamflow have taken place across most of western North America, affecting an area that is much larger than previously recognized. These timing changes have resulted in increasing fractions of annual flow occurring earlier in the water year by 1-4 weeks. The immediate (or proximal) forcings for the spatially coherent parts of the year-to-year fluctuations and longer-term trends of streamflow timing have been higher winter and spring temperatures. Although these temperature changes are partly controlled by the decadal-scale Pacific climate mode [Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO)], a separate ani significant part of the variance is associated with a springtime warming trend that spans the PDO phases. C1 Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Stewart, IT (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM istewart@ucsd.edu NR 47 TC 561 Z9 574 U1 7 U2 98 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1136 EP 1155 DI 10.1175/JCLI3321.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 924JM UT WOS:000228975100002 ER EF