FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Coombs, ML White, SM Scholl, DW AF Coombs, Michelle L. White, Scott M. Scholl, David W. TI Massive edifice failure at Aleutian arc volcanoes SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE landslide; volcano; debris avalanche; Aleutian arc; submarine; edifice collapse ID DEBRIS AVALANCHES; AUGUSTINE VOLCANO; ISLAND; TSUNAMI; LANDSLIDE; ERUPTIONS; COLLAPSE; RIDGE; HISTORY AB Along the 450-km-long stretch of the Aleutian volcanic arc from Great Sitkin to Kiska Islands, edifice failure and submarine debris-avalanche deposition have occurred at seven of ten Quaternary volcanic centers. Reconnaissance geologic studies have identified subaerial evidence for large-scale prehistoric collapse events at five of the centers (Great Sitkin, Kanaga, Tanaga, Gareloi, and Segula). Side-scan sonar data collected in the 1980s by GLORIA surveys reveal a hummocky seafloor fabric north of several islands, notably Great Sitkin, Kanaga, Bobrof, Gareloi, Segula, and Kiska, suggestive of landslide debris. Simrad EM300 multibeam sonar data, acquired in 2005, show that these areas consist of discrete large blocks strewn across the seafloor, supporting the landslide interpretation from the GLORIA data. A debris-avalanche deposit north of Kiska Island (177.6 degrees E, 52.1 degrees N) was fully mapped by EM300 multibeam revealing a hummocky surface that extends 40 km from the north flank of the volcano and covers an area of similar to 380 km(2). A 24-channel seismic reflection profile across the longitudinal axis of the deposit reveals a several hundred-meter-thick chaotic unit that appears to have incised into well-bedded sediment, with only a few tens of meters of surface relief. Edifice failures include thin-skinned, narrow, Stromboli-style collapse as well as Bezymianny-style collapse accompanied by an explosive eruption, but many of the events appear to have been deep-seated, removing much of an edifice and depositing huge amounts of debris on the sea floor. Based on the absence of large pyroclastic sheets on the islands, this latter type of collapse was not accompanied by large eruptions, and may have been driven by gravity failure instead of magmatic injection. Young volcanoes in the central and western portions of the arc (177 degrees E to 175 degrees W) are located atop the northern edge of the similar to 4000-m-high Aleutian ridge. The position of the Quaternary stratocones relative to the edge of the Aleutian ridge appears to strongly control their likelihood for, and direction of, past collapse. The ridge's steep drop to the north greatly increases potential runout length for slides that originate at the island chain. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Coombs, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM mcoombs@usgs.gov RI White, Scott/C-5339-2009 OI White, Scott/0000-0002-5123-5307 NR 58 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 256 IS 3-4 BP 403 EP 418 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.01.030 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 176CU UT WOS:000247061300008 ER PT J AU Wright, C Gallant, A AF Wright, Chris Gallant, Alisa TI Improved wetland remote sensing in Yellowstone National Park using classification trees to combine TM imagery and ancillary environmental data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE wetland mapping; palustrine wetlands; Landsat Thematic Mapper; Yellowstone National Park; classification trees; ancillary data; National Wetlands Inventory ID LAND-COVER DATA; NORTHERN PRAIRIE WETLANDS; RULE-BASED CLASSIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY; THEMATIC ACCURACY; INVENTORY MAPS; SENSED DATA; WATER AB The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service uses the term palustrine wetland to describe vegetated wetlands traditionally identified as marsh, bog, fen, swamp, or wet meadow. Landsat TM imagery was combined with image texture and ancillary environmental data to model probabilities of palustrine wetland occurrence in Yellowstone National Park using classification trees. Model training and test locations were identified from National Wetlands inventory maps, and classification trees were built for seven years spanning a range of annual precipitation. At a coarse level, palustrine wetland was separated from upland. At a finer level, five palustrine wetland types were discriminated: aquatic bed (PAB), emergent (PEM), forested (PFO), scrub-shrub (PSS), and unconsolidated shore (PUS). TM-derived variables alone were relatively accurate at separating wetland from upland, but model error rates dropped incrementally as image texture, DEM-derived terrain variables, and other ancillary GIS layers were added. For classification trees making use of all available predictors, average overall test error rates were 7.8% for palustrine wetland/upland models and 17.0% for palustrine wetland type models, with consistent accuracies across years. However, models were prone to wetland over-prediction. While the predominant PEM class was classified with omission and commission error rates less than 14%, we had difficulty identifying the PAB and PSS classes. Ancillary vegetation information greatly improved PSS classification and moderately improved PFO discrimination. Association with geothermal areas distinguished PUS wetlands. Wetland over-prediction was exacerbated by class imbalance in likely combination with spatial and spectral limitations of the TM sensor. Wetland probability surfaces may be more informative than hard classification, and appear to respond to climate-driven wetland variability. The developed method is portable, relatively easy to implement, and should be applicable in other settings and over larger extents. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Wright, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM chwright@usgs.gov; gallant@usgs.gov RI CHEN, YU/F-8600-2011 NR 76 TC 106 Z9 124 U1 7 U2 75 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 107 IS 4 BP 582 EP 605 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.10.019 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 161SL UT WOS:000246036000006 ER PT J AU Hinkley, T AF Hinkley, Todd TI Lead (Pb) in old Antarctic ice: Some from dust, some from other sources SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SNOW; ISOTOPES; RECORD; LAND AB Recently published data on amounts and isotopic compositions of lead (Pb) and on amounts of mineral dust in pre- industrial Antarctic ice can be further interpreted by means of simple calculations. These show that two distinct types of Pb were provided by the atmosphere to the continent in varying proportions during Pleistocene and Holocene time. One type of Pb is that contained in the mineral lattices of dust. It has non-radiogenic isotopic proportions. The other type of Pb is not associated with dust minerals, is more radiogenic, and is consistent with an origin in emissions from ocean island volcanoes worldwide, or from some Antarctic volcanoes. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ice Core Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hinkley, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ice Core Lab, MS 975, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM thinkley@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 8 AR L08502 DI 10.1029/2006GL028736 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 163ER UT WOS:000246142100001 ER PT J AU Clark, BC Arvidson, RE Gellert, R Morris, RV Ming, DW Richter, L Ruff, SW Michalski, JR Farrand, WH Yen, A Herkenhoff, KE Li, R Squyres, SW Schroder, C Klingelhofer, G Bell, JF AF Clark, B. C., III Arvidson, R. E. Gellert, R. Morris, R. V. Ming, D. W. Richter, L. Ruff, S. W. Michalski, J. R. Farrand, W. H. Yen, A. Herkenhoff, K. E. Li, R. Squyres, S. W. Schroeder, C. Klingelhoefer, G. Bell, J. F., III TI Evidence for montmorillonite or its compositional equivalent in Columbia Hills, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; GUSEV CRATER; MARTIAN SURFACE; SPIRIT ROVER; MOSSBAUER SPECTROMETER; SPECTRAL EVIDENCE; CLAY-MINERALS; SOILS; ROCKS AB [1] During its exploration of the Columbia Hills, the Mars Exploration Rover "Spirit'' encountered several similar samples that are distinctly different from Martian meteorites and known Gusev crater soils, rocks, and sediments. Occurring in a variety of contexts and locations, these "Independence class'' samples are rough-textured, iron-poor ( equivalent FeO similar to 4 wt%), have high Al/Si ratios, and often contain unexpectedly high concentrations of one or more minor or trace elements ( including Cr, Ni, Cu, Sr, and Y). Apart from accessory minerals, the major component common to these samples has a compositional profile of major and minor elements which is similar to the smectite montmorillonite, implicating this mineral, or its compositional equivalent. Infrared thermal emission spectra do not indicate the presence of crystalline smectite. One of these samples was found spatially associated with a ferric sulfate-enriched soil horizon, possibly indicating a genetic relationship between these disparate types of materials. Compared to the nearby Wishstone and Watchtower class rocks, major aqueous alteration involving mineral dissolution and mobilization with consequent depletions of certain elements is implied for this setting and may be undetectable by remote sensing from orbit because of the small scale of the occurrences and obscuration by mantling with soil and dust. C1 Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. DLR Inst Raumsimulat, Linder Hoehe, D-51170 Cologne, Germany. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RP Clark, BC (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. EM benton.c.clark@lmco.com RI Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009 OI Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039 NR 74 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 26 PY 2007 VL 112 IS E6 AR E06S01 DI 10.1029/2006JE002756 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 163FS UT WOS:000246144800001 ER PT J AU Farrand, WH Bell, JF Johnson, JR Jolliff, BL Knoll, AH McLennan, SM Squyres, SW Calvin, WM Grotzinger, JP Morris, RV Soderblom, J Thompson, SD Watters, WA Yen, AS AF Farrand, W. H. Bell, J. F., III Johnson, J. R. Jolliff, B. L. Knoll, A. H. McLennan, S. M. Squyres, S. W. Calvin, W. M. Grotzinger, J. P. Morris, R. V. Soderblom, J. Thompson, S. D. Watters, W. A. Yen, A. S. TI Visible and near-infrared multispectral analysis of rocks at Meridiani Planum, Mars, by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID BURNS FORMATION; LANDING SITE; PATHFINDER; MINERALOGY; HEMATITE; SOILS; SPECTROMETER; CHEMISTRY; MOSSBAUER; IMAGER AB [ 1] Multispectral measurements in the visible and near infrared of rocks at Meridiani Planum by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity's Pancam are described. The Pancam multispectral data show that the outcrops of the Burns formation consist of two main spectral units which in stretched 673, 535, 432 nm color composites appear buff- and purple-colored. These units are referred to as the HFS and LFS spectral units based on higher and lower values of 482 to 535 nm slope. Spectral characteristics are consistent with the LFS outcrop consisting of less oxidized, and the HFS outcrop consisting of more oxidized, iron-bearing minerals. The LFS surfaces are not as common and appear, primarily, at the distal ends of outcrop layers and on steep, more massive surfaces, locations that are subject to greater eolian erosion. Consequently, the HFS surfaces are interpreted as a weathering rind. Further inherent spectral differences between layers and between different outcrop map units, both untouched and patches abraded by the rover's Rock Abrasion Tool, are also described. Comparisons of the spectral parameters of the Meridiani outcrop with a set of laboratory reflectance measurements of Fe3+ - bearing minerals show that the field of outcrop measurements plots near the fields of hematite, ferrihydrite, poorly crystalline goethite, and schwertmannite. Rind and fracture fill materials, observed intermittently at outcrop exposures, are intermediate in their spectral character between both the HFS and LFS spectral classes and other, less oxidized, surface materials ( basaltic sands, spherules, and cobbles). C1 Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Harvard Univ, Bot Museum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Farrand, WH (reprint author), Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; OI Soderblom, Jason/0000-0003-3715-6407 NR 52 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 26 PY 2007 VL 112 IS E6 AR E05S02 DI 10.1029/2006JE002773 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 163FS UT WOS:000246144800002 ER PT J AU Kinch, KM Sohl-Dickstein, J Bell, JF Johnson, JR Goetz, W Landis, GA AF Kinch, Kjartan M. Sohl-Dickstein, Jascha Bell, James F., III Johnson, Jeffrey R. Goetz, Walter Landis, Geoffrey A. TI Dust deposition on the Mars Exploration Rover Panoramic Camera (Pancam) calibration targets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES EXPERIMENTS; VISIBLE/NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA; ATMOSPHERIC DUST; MARTIAN AEROSOLS; PHOTOMETRIC PROPERTIES; PHASE FUNCTION; WIND STREAKS; GUSEV CRATER; MGS TES; MU-M AB [1] The Panoramic Camera (Pancam) on the Mars Exploration Rover mission has acquired in excess of 20,000 images of the Pancam calibration targets on the rovers. Analysis of this data set allows estimates of the rate of deposition and removal of aeolian dust on both rovers. During the first 150 - 170 sols there was gradual dust accumulation on the rovers but no evidence for dust removal. After that time there is ample evidence for both dust removal and dust deposition on both rover decks. We analyze data from early in both rover missions using a diffusive reflectance mixing model. Assuming a dust settling rate proportional to the atmospheric optical depth, we derive spectra of optically thick layers of airfall dust that are consistent with spectra from dusty regions on the Martian surface. Airfall dust reflectance at the Opportunity site appears greater than at the Spirit site, consistent with other observations. We estimate the optical depth of dust deposited on the Spirit calibration target by sol 150 to be 0.44 +/- 0.13. For Opportunity the value was 0.39 +/- 0.12. Assuming 80% pore space, we estimate that the dust layer grew at a rate of one grain diameter per similar to 100 sols on the Spirit calibration target. On Opportunity the rate was one grain diameter per similar to 125 sols. These numbers are consistent with dust deposition rates observed by Mars Pathfinder taking into account the lower atmospheric dust optical depth during the Mars Pathfinder mission. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Kinch, KM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, 408 Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM kmk66@cornell.edu RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; Kinch, Kjartan/C-5742-2015 OI Kinch, Kjartan/0000-0002-4629-8880 NR 60 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 26 PY 2007 VL 112 IS E6 AR E06S03 DI 10.1029/2006JE002807 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 163FS UT WOS:000246144800003 ER PT J AU Perakis, SS Hedin, LO AF Perakis, Steven S. Hedin, Lars O. TI State factor relationships of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen losses from unpolluted temperate forest watersheds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TREE SPECIES COMPOSITION; SOIL CARBON; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; STREAM NITRATE; UNITED-STATES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; LAND-USE; DYNAMICS; DEPOSITION; EXPORT AB [ 1] We sampled 100 unpolluted, old-growth forested watersheds, divided among 13 separate study areas over 5 years in temperate southern Chile and Argentina, to evaluate relationships among dominant soil-forming state factors and dissolved carbon and nitrogen concentrations in watershed streams. These watersheds provide a unique opportunity to examine broad-scale controls over carbon ( C) and nitrogen (N) biogeochemistry in the absence of significant human disturbance from chronic N deposition and land use change. Variations in the ratio dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to nitrogen ( DON) in watershed streams differed by underlying soil parent material, with average C: N = 29 for watersheds underlain by volcanic ash and basalt versus C: N = 73 for sedimentary and metamorphic parent materials, consistent with stronger adsorption of low C: N hydrophobic materials by amorphous clays commonly associated with volcanic ash and basalt weathering. Mean annual precipitation was related positively to variations in both DOC ( range: 0.2 - 9.7 mg C/L) and DON ( range: 0.008 - 0.135 mg N/L) across study areas, suggesting that variations in water volume and concentration may act synergistically to influence C and N losses across dry to wet gradients in these forest ecosystems. Dominance of vegetation by broadleaf versus coniferous trees had negligible effects on organic C and N concentrations in comparison to abiotic factors. We conclude that precipitation volume and soil parent material are important controls over chemical losses of dissolved organic C and N from unpolluted temperate forest watersheds. Our results raise the possibility that biotic imprints on watershed C and N losses may be less pronounced in naturally N-poor forests than in areas impacted by land use change and chronic N deposition. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Perakis, SS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM steven.perakis@oregonstate.edu NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD APR 25 PY 2007 VL 112 IS G2 AR G02010 DI 10.1029/2006JG000276 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 163FJ UT WOS:000246143900002 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Budahn, JR Prospero, JM Carey, SN AF Muhs, Daniel R. Budahn, James R. Prospero, Joseph M. Carey, Steven N. TI Geochemical evidence for African dust inputs to soils of western Atlantic islands: Barbados, the Bahamas, and Florida SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Review ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; EQUATORIAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; LESSER ANTILLES ARC; ALUMINOUS LATERITIC SOILS; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; SAHARAN DUST; ST-VINCENT; MINERAL DUST; UNITED-STATES; PALEOCLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE AB [ 1] We studied soils on high-purity limestones of Quaternary age on the western Atlantic Ocean islands of Barbados, the Florida Keys, and the Bahamas. Potential soil parent materials in this region, external to the carbonate substrate, include volcanic ash from the island of St. Vincent ( near Barbados), volcanic ash from the islands of Dominica and St. Lucia ( somewhat farther from Barbados), the fine-grained component of distal loess from the lower Mississippi River Valley, and wind-transported dust from Africa. These four parent materials can be differentiated using trace elements (Sc, Cr, Th, and Zr) and rare earth elements that have minimal mobility in the soil-forming environment. Barbados soils have compositions that indicate a complex derivation. Volcanic ash from the island of St. Vincent appears to have been the most important influence, but African dust is a significant contributor, and even Mississippi River valley loess may be a very minor contributor to Barbados soils. Soils on the Florida Keys and islands in the Bahamas appear to have developed mostly from African dust, but Mississippi River valley loess may be a significant contributor. Our results indicate that inputs of African dust are more important to the genesis of soils on islands in the western Atlantic Ocean than previously supposed. We hypothesize that African dust may also be a major contributor to soils on other islands of the Caribbean and to soils in northern South America, central America, Mexico, and the southeastern United States. Dust inputs to subtropical and tropical soils in this region increase both nutrient-holding capacity and nutrient status and thus may be critical in sustaining vegetation. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dmuhs@usgs.gov NR 107 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD APR 24 PY 2007 VL 112 IS F2 AR F02009 DI 10.1029/2005JF000445 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 163FL UT WOS:000246144100001 ER PT J AU Cross, PC Johnson, PLF Lloyd-Smith, JO Getz, WM AF Cross, Paul C. Johnson, Philip L. F. Lloyd-Smith, James O. Getz, Wayne M. TI Utility of R-0 as a predictor of disease invasion in structured populations SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE LA English DT Article DE disease; invasion; metapopulation; SIR model; superspreader ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; MEASLES EPIDEMICS; SPATIAL STRUCTURE; REGRESSION TREES; EXTINCTION TIMES; CLOSED EPIDEMICS; BUBONIC PLAGUE; MODELS; CLASSIFICATION AB Early theoretical work on disease invasion typically assumed large and well-mixed host populations. Many human and wildlife systems, however, have small groups with limited movement among groups. In these situations, the basic reproductive number, R-0, is likely to be a poor predictor of a disease pandemic because it typically does not account for group structure and movement of individuals among groups. We extend recent work by combining the movement of hosts, transmission within groups, recovery from infection and the recruitment of new susceptibles into a stochastic model of disease in a host metapopulation. We focus on how recruitment of susceptibles affects disease invasion and how population structure can affect the frequency of superspreading events (SSEs). We show that the frequency of SSEs may decrease with the reduced movement and the group sizes due to the limited number of susceptible individuals available. Classification tree analysis of the model results illustrates the hierarchical nature of disease invasion in host metapopulations. First, the pathogen must effectively transmit within a group (R-0 > 1), and then the pathogen must persist within a group long enough to allow for movement among the groups. Therefore, the factors affecting disease persistence-such as infectious period, group size and recruitment of new susceptibles-are as important as the local transmission rates in predicting the spread of pathogens across a metapopulation. C1 Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Cross, PC (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 229 AJM Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM pcross@usgs.gov RI Lloyd-Smith, James/K-4080-2012; Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012; OI Lloyd-Smith, James/0000-0001-7941-502X; Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213; Getz, Wayne/0000-0001-8784-9354 FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01-DA10135] NR 53 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 35 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1742-5689 J9 J R SOC INTERFACE JI J. R. Soc. Interface PD APR 22 PY 2007 VL 4 IS 13 BP 315 EP 324 DI 10.1098/rsif.2006.0185 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 162EF UT WOS:000246068900013 PM 17251146 ER PT J AU Walker, JF Saad, DA Hunt, RJ AF Walker, John F. Saad, David A. Hunt, Randall J. TI Dynamics of CFCs in northern temperate lakes and adjacent groundwater SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID KARSTIC LIMESTONE AQUIFER; UPPER FLORIDAN AQUIFER; YOUNG FRACTION; RIVER WATER; AGE; FLOW; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; MODEL; WISCONSIN; EVOLUTION AB [1] Three dimictic lakes and one meromictic lake in and near the Trout Lake, Wisconsin, watershed were sampled to determine the variation of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) concentrations within the lakes. The lakes were sampled during stratified conditions, during fall turnover, and during ice cover. The results demonstrate a considerable variation in CFC concentrations and corresponding atmospheric mixing ratios in the lakes sampled, both with depth and season within a given lake, and across different lakes. CFC profiles and observed degradation were not related to the groundwater inflow rate and hence are likely the result of in-lake processes influenced by CFC degradation in the ( lake) water column, CFC degradation in the lake-bed sediments, and gas exchange rates and the duration of turnover ( turnover efficiency). C1 US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Walker, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM jfwalker@usgs.gov OI Walker, John/0000-0003-0155-7479 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 21 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 AR W04423 DI 10.1029/2005WR004647 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 160PI UT WOS:000245954400001 ER PT J AU Barber, LB Lee, KE Swackhamer, DL Schoenfuss, HL AF Barber, Larry B. Lee, Kathy E. Swackhamer, Deborah L. Schoenfuss, Heiko L. TI Reproductive responses of male fathead minnows exposed to wastewater treatment plant effluent, effluent treated with XAD8 resin, and an environmentally relevant mixture of alkylphenol compounds SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reproductive effects; wastewater treatment plant effluent; alkylphenol compounds; fathead minnows; XAD8 resin; endocrine disruption; complex mixtures ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; VITELLOGENIN INDUCTION; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; ALLOPATERNAL CARE; IN-VITRO; CHEMICALS; BEHAVIOR AB On-site, continuous-flow experiments were conducted during August and October 2002 at a major metropolitan wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to determine if effluent exposure induced endocrine disruption as manifested in the reproductive competence of sexually mature male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). The fathead minnows were exposed in parallel experiments to WWTP effluent and WWTP effluent treated with XAD8 macroreticular resin to remove the hydrophobic-neutral fraction which contained steroidal hormones, alkylphenolethoxylates (APEs), and other potential endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). The effluent composition varied on a temporal scale and the continuous-flow experiments captured the range of chemical variability that occurred during normal WWTP operations. Exposure to WWTP effluent resulted in vitellogenin induction in male fathead minnows, with greater response in October than in August. Concentrations of ammonia, APEs, 17 P-estradiol, and other EDCs also were greater in October than in August, reflecting a change in effluent composition. In the October experiment, XAD8 treatment significantly reduced vitellogenin induction in the male fathead minnows relative to the untreated effluent, whereas in August, XAD8 treatment had little effect. During both experiments, XAD8 treatment removed greater than 90% of the APEs. Exposure of fish to a mixture of APEs similar in composition and concentration to the WWTP effluent, but prepared in groundwater and conducted at a separate facility, elicited vitellogenin induction during both experiments. There was a positive relation between vitellogenin induction and hepatosomatic index (HSI), but not gonadosomatic index (GSI), secondary sexual characteristics index (SSCI), or reproductive competency. In contrast to expectations, the GSI and SSCI increased in males exposed to WWTP effluent compared to groundwater controls. The GSI, SSCI, and reproductive competency were positively affected by XAD8 treatment of the WWTP effluent. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. St Cloud State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. RP Barber, LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM lbbarber@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD APR 20 PY 2007 VL 82 IS 1 BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.01.003 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 164JX UT WOS:000246231100004 PM 17331597 ER PT J AU Al-Zoubi, AS Heinrichs, T Qabbani, I Ten-Brink, US AF Al-Zoubi, Abdallah S. Heinrichs, Till Qabbani, Isam ten-Brink, Uri S. TI The Northern end of the Dead Sea Basin: Geometry from reflection seismic evidence SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Dead Sea Basin; pull-apart basin; basin asymmetry; transform fault ID STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; PULL-APART BASINS; RIFT; TRANSFORM; TECTONICS; EVOLUTION; ANATOMY AB Recently released reflection seismic lines from the Eastern side of the Jordan River north of the Dead Sea were interpreted by using borehole data and incorporated with the previously published seismic lines of the eastern side of the Jordan River. For the first time, the lines from the eastern side of the Jordan River were combined with the published reflection seismic lines from the western side of the Jordan River. In the complete cross sections, the inner deep basin is strongly asymmetric toward the Jericho Fault supporting the interpretation of this segment of the fault as the long-lived and presently active part of the Dead Sea Transform. There is no indication for a shift of the depocenter toward a hypothetical eastern major fault with time, as recently suggested. Rather, the north-eastern margin of the deep basin takes the form of a large flexure, modestly faulted. In the N-S-section along its depocenter, the floor of the basin at its northern end appears to deepen continuously by roughly 0.5 km over 10 km distance, without evidence of a transverse fault. The asymmetric and gently-dipping shape of the basin can be explained by models in which the basin is located outside the area of overlap between en-echelon strike-slip faults. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Al Balqa Appl Univ, Fac Engn, Surveying & Geomat Dept, Salt 19117, Jordan. Goettinge Univ, Geosci Ctr, Dept Appl Geol, Gottingen, Germany. Natl Resources Author, Amman, Jordan. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Al-Zoubi, AS (reprint author), Al Balqa Appl Univ, Fac Engn, Surveying & Geomat Dept, Salt 19117, Jordan. EM aalzoubi@go.com.jo RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD APR 20 PY 2007 VL 434 IS 1-4 BP 55 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2007.02.007 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 163BA UT WOS:000246132200004 ER PT J AU Adams, PN Ruggiero, P Schoch, GC Gelfenbaum, G AF Adams, Peter N. Ruggiero, Peter Schoch, G. Carl Gelfenbaum, Guy TI Intertidal sand body migration along a megatidal coast, Kachemak Bay, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SURF ZONE; BEACHES; MORPHOLOGY; PROFILE; IMAGES AB [ 1] Using a digital video-based Argus Beach Monitoring System (ABMS) on the north shore of Kachemak Bay in south central Alaska, we document the timing and magnitude of alongshore migration of intertidal sand bed forms over a cobble substrate during a 22-month observation period. Two separate sediment packages ( sand bodies) of 1 - 2 m amplitude and similar to 200 m wavelength, consisting of well-sorted sand, were observed to travel along shore at annually averaged rates of 278 m/yr (0.76 m/d) and 250 m/yr (0.68 m/d), respectively. Strong seasonality in migration rates was shown by the contrast of rapid winter and slow summer transport. Though set in a megatidal environment, data indicate that sand body migration is driven by eastward propagating wind waves as opposed to net westward directed tidal currents. Greatest weekly averaged rates of movement, exceeding 6 m/d, coincided with wave heights exceeding 2 m suggesting a correlation of wave height and sand body migration. Because Kachemak Bay is partially enclosed, waves responsible for sediment entrainment and transport are locally generated by winds that blow across lower Cook Inlet from the southwest, the direction of greatest fetch. Our estimates of sand body migration translate to a littoral transport rate between 4,400 - 6,300 m(3)/yr. Assuming an enclosed littoral cell, minimal riverine sediment contributions, and a sea cliff sedimentary fraction of 0.05, we estimate long-term local sea cliff retreat rates of 9 - 14 cm/yr. Applying a numerical model of wave energy dissipation to the temporally variable beach morphology suggests that sand bodies are responsible for enhancing wave energy dissipation by similar to 13% offering protection from sea cliff retreat. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, Cordova, AK USA. RP Adams, PN (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, 241 Williamson Hall,POB 112120, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM adamsp@ufl.edu; ruggierp@science.oregonstate.edu; cschoch@nprb.org; ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov RI Adams, Peter/I-5315-2016; OI Adams, Peter/0000-0002-3158-3259; Ruggiero, Peter/0000-0001-7425-9953 NR 41 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD APR 19 PY 2007 VL 112 IS F2 AR F02007 DI 10.1029/2006JF000487 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 160OQ UT WOS:000245952600001 ER PT J AU Malmon, DV Reneau, SL Katzman, D Lavine, A Lyman, J AF Malmon, Daniel V. Reneau, Steven L. Katzman, Danny Lavine, Alexis Lyman, Jared TI Suspended sediment transport in an ephemeral stream following wildfire SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; FLASH FLOODS; FOREST-FIRE; TRANSMISSION LOSSES; POSTFIRE RUNOFF; FLOW DYNAMICS; EROSION; DESERT; DISCHARGE; RAINFALL AB [ 1] We examine the impacts of a stand-clearing wildfire on the characteristics and magnitude of suspended sediment transport in ephemeral streams draining the burn area. We report the results of a monitoring program that includes 2 years of data prior to the Cerro Grande fire in New Mexico, and 3 years of postfire data. Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) increased by about 2 orders of magnitude following the fire, and the proportion of silt and clay increased from 50% to 80%. For a given flow event, SSC is highest at the flood bore and decreases monotonically with time, a pattern evident in every flood sampled both before and after the fire. We propose that the accumulation of flow and wash load at the flow front is an inherent characteristic of ephemeral stream flows, due to amplified momentum losses at the flood bore. We present a new model for computing suspended sediment transport in ephemeral streams ( in the presence or absence of wildfire) by relating SSC to the time following the arrival of the flood bore, rather than to instantaneous discharge. Using this model and a rainfall history, we estimate that in the 3 years following the fire, floods transported in suspension a mass equivalent to about 3 mm of landscape lowering across the burn area, 20% of this following a single rainstorm. We test the model by computing fine sediment delivery to a small reservoir in an adjacent watershed, where we have a detailed record of postfire sedimentation based on repeat surveys. Systematic discrepancies between modeled and measured sedimentation rates in the reservoir suggest rapid reductions in suspended sediment delivery in the first several years after the fire. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Earth Surface Proc Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Geol & Spatial Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Malmon, DV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Earth Surface Proc Team, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 86 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD APR 18 PY 2007 VL 112 IS F2 AR F02006 DI 10.1029/2005JF000459 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 160OP UT WOS:000245952500001 ER PT J AU Sassen, K Zhu, J Webley, P Dean, K Cobb, P AF Sassen, Kenneth Zhu, Jiang Webley, Peter Dean, Ken Cobb, Patrick TI Volcanic ash plume identification using polarization lidar: Augustine eruption, Alaska SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB During mid January to early February 2006, a series of explosive eruptions occurred at the Augustine volcanic island off the southern coast of Alaska. By early February a plume of volcanic ash was transported northward into the interior of Alaska. Satellite imagery and Puff volcanic ash transport model predictions confirm that the aerosol plume passed over a polarization lidar (0.694 mu m wavelength) site at the Arctic Facility for Atmospheric Remote Sensing at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. For the first time, lidar linear depolarization ratios of 0.10 - 0.15 were measured in a fresh tropospheric volcanic plume, demonstrating that the nonspherical glass and mineral particles typical of volcanic eruptions generate strong laser depolarization. Thus, polarization lidars can identify the volcanic ash plumes that pose a threat to jet air traffic from the ground, aircraft, or potentially from Earth orbit. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Arctic Reg Supercomp Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sassen, K (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ksassen@gi.alaska.edu NR 14 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 17 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 8 AR L08803 DI 10.1029/2006GL027237 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 160NZ UT WOS:000245950900001 ER PT J AU Yun, TS Santamarina, JC Ruppel, C AF Yun, T. S. Santamarina, J. C. Ruppel, C. TI Mechanical properties of sand, silt, and clay containing tetrahydrofuran hydrate SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GAS-HYDRATE; METHANE HYDRATE; BEARING SEDIMENTS; FROZEN SAND; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; WAVE VELOCITIES; BEHAVIOR; WATER; SURFACTANT; PRESSURE AB [1] The mechanical behavior of hydrate-bearing sediments subjected to large strains has relevance for the stability of the seafloor and submarine slopes, drilling and coring operations, and the analysis of certain small-strain properties of these sediments ( for example, seismic velocities). This study reports on the results of comprehensive axial compression triaxial tests conducted at up to 1 MPa confining pressure on sand, crushed silt, precipitated silt, and clay specimens with closely controlled concentrations of synthetic hydrate. The results show that the stress-strain behavior of hydrate-bearing sediments is a complex function of particle size, confining pressure, and hydrate concentration. The mechanical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments at low hydrate concentration ( probably < 40% of pore space) appear to be determined by stress-dependent soil stiffness and strength. At high hydrate concentrations (> 50% of pore space), the behavior becomes more independent of stress because the hydrates control both stiffness and strength and possibly the dilative tendency of sediments by effectively increasing interparticle coordination, cementing particles together, and filling the pore space. The cementation contribution to the shear strength of hydrate-bearing sediments decreases with increasing specific surface of soil minerals. The lower the effective confining stress, the greater the impact of hydrate formation on normalized strength. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Ruppel, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM taesup.yun@ce.gatech.edu; carlos@ce.gatech.edu; cruppel@usgs.gov RI Yun, Tae Sup/G-7988-2012; OI Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 NR 51 TC 101 Z9 106 U1 6 U2 55 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 17 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B4 AR B04106 DI 10.1029/2006JB004484 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 160OZ UT WOS:000245953500002 ER PT J AU Carlson, AE Clark, PU Haley, BA Klinkhammer, GP Simmons, K Brook, EJ Meissner, KJ AF Carlson, Anders E. Clark, Peter U. Haley, Brian A. Klinkhammer, Gary P. Simmons, Kathleen Brook, Edward J. Meissner, Katrin J. TI Geochemical proxies of North American freshwater routing during the Younger Dryas cold event SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE abrupt climate change; Atlantic meridional overturning circulation; paleoclimate ID LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; LAKE AGASSIZ OVERFLOW; LAST DEGLACIATION; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MELTWATER; OCEAN; SR; PALEOTOPOGRAPHY; REEVALUATION AB The Younger Dryas cold interval represents a time when much of the Northern Hemisphere cooled from approximate to 12.9 to 11.5 kiloyears B.P. The cause of this event, which has long been viewed as the canonical example of abrupt climate change, was initially attributed to the routing of freshwater to the St. Lawrence River with an attendant reduction in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. However, this mechanism has recently been questioned because current proxies and dating techniques have been unable to confirm that eastward routing with an increase in freshwater flux occurred during the Younger Dryas. Here we use new geochemical proxies (Delta Mg/Ca, U/Ca, and Sr-87/Sr-86) measured in planktonic foraminifera at the mouth of the St. Lawrence estuary as tracers of freshwater sources to further evaluate this question. Our proxies, combined with planktonic delta O-18(seawater) and delta C-13, confirm that routing of runoff from western Canada to the St. Lawrence River occurred at the start of the Younger Dryas, with an attendant increase in freshwater flux of 0.06 +/- 0.02 Sverdrup (1 Sverdrup = 10(6) m(3)center dot s(-1)). This base discharge increase is sufficient to have reduced Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and caused the Younger Dryas cold interval. In addition, our data indicate subsequent fluctuations in the freshwater flux to the St. Lawrence River of approximate to 0.06-0.12 Sverdrup, thus explaining the variability in the overturning circulation and climate during the Younger Dryas. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Kiel, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. RP Carlson, AE (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM acarlson@whoi.edu NR 44 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 29 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 17 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 16 BP 6556 EP 6561 DI 10.1073/pnas.0611313104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 159ME UT WOS:000245869200014 PM 17420461 ER PT J AU Kuwabara, JS Arai, Y Topping, BR Pickering, IJ George, GN AF Kuwabara, James S. Arai, Yuji Topping, Brent R. Pickering, Ingrid J. George, Graham N. TI Mercury speciation in piscivorous fish from mining-impacted reservoirs SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYL MERCURY; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; CENTRAL NEVADA; CHEMICAL FORM; EDIBLE FISH; METHYLMERCURY; SEDIMENT; RIVER; BIOACCUMULATION; CHLORIDE AB Guadalupe Reservoir (GUA), California, and Lahontan Reservoir (LAH), Nevada, U.S. are both affected either directly or indirectly by the legacy of gold and silver mining in the Sierra Nevada during the nineteenth century. Analysis of total mercury in fish from these lentic systems consistently indicate elevated concentrations (> 1 mu g-g(-1) wet weight; hereinafter, all concentrations are reported as wet weight unless indicated otherwise) well above the U.S. Environmenal Protection Agency's human consumption advisory level for fish (< 0.3 mu g-g(-1)). Replicate X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analyses on largemouth bass and hybrid striped bass from GUA and LAH were performed to determine predominant chemical species of mercury accumulated by these high-trophic-level piscivores that are exposed to elevated mercury through trophic transfer in mining-impacted lentic systems. Despite distinct differences in mercury source, the proximity of the source, and concentrations of complexing ligands, results of XANES analysis clearly indicated that mercury accumulated in these individual fish from the two reservoirs were dominated by methylmercury cysteine complexes. These findings are consistent with results from commercial fish species inhabiting marine environments which are presumed to include differing mercury sources (e.g., atmospheric, hydrothermal, or benthic). The dominance of methylmercury cysteine complexes in muscle tissues of fish obtained from such contrasting environments and exposure conditions suggests that a generic toxicological model for the consumption of fish could be applicable over a wide range of ecologic settings. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. RP Kuwabara, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 439, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kuwabara@usgs.gov RI George, Graham/E-3290-2013; Pickering, Ingrid/A-4547-2013; OI Kuwabara, James/0000-0003-2502-1601; Pickering, Ingrid/0000-0002-0936-2994 NR 44 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 8 BP 2745 EP 2749 DI 10.1021/es0628856 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 159UK UT WOS:000245892900022 PM 17533833 ER PT J AU Sturchio, NC Bohlke, JK Beloso, AD Streger, SH Heraty, LJ Hatzinger, PB AF Sturchio, Neil C. Bohlke, John Karl Beloso, Abelardo D., Jr. Streger, Sheryl H. Heraty, Linnea J. Hatzinger, Paul B. TI Oxygen and chlorine isotopic fractionation during perchlorate biodegradation: Laboratory results and implications for forensics and natural attenuation studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID (PER)CHLORATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; REDUCTION; SULFATE; WATER; NITRATE; TRICHLOROETHENE; PURIFICATION; EXCHANGE; NITROGEN; CHLORATE AB Perchlorate is a widespread environmental contaminant having both anthropogenic and natural sources. Stable isotope ratios of 0 and Cl in a given sample of perchlorate may be used to distinguish its source(s). Isotopic ratios may also be useful for identifying the extent of biodegradation of perchlorate, which is critical for a;sessing natural attenuation of this contaminant in groundwater. For this approach to be useful, however, the kinetic isotopic fractionations of 0 and Cl during perchlorate biodegradation must first be determined as a function of environmental variables such as temperature and bacterial species. A laboratory study was performed in which the 0 and Cl isotope ratios of perchlorate were monitored as a function of degradation by two separate bacterial strains (Azospira suillum JPLRND and Dechlorospirillum sp. FBR2) at both 10 degrees C and 22 degrees C with acetate as the electron donor. Perchlorate was completely reduced by both strains within 280 h at 22 degrees C and 615 h at 10 degrees C. Measured values of isotopic fractionation factors were epsilon O-18 = -36.6 to -29.0 parts per thousand and epsilon Cl-37 = -14.5 to -11.5 parts per thousand, and these showed no apparent systematic variation with either temperature or bacterial strain. An experiment using O-18-enriched water (6180 = +198 parts per thousand) gave results indistinguishable from those observed in the isotopically normal water (delta O-18 = -8.1 parts per thousand) used in the other experiments, indicating negligible isotope exchange between perchlorate and water during biodegradation. The fractionation factor ratio epsilon O-18/epsilon Cl-37 was nearly invariant in all experiments at 2.50 +/- 0.04. These data indicate that isotope ratio analysis will be useful for documenting perchlorate biodegradation in soils and groundwater. The establishment of a microbial fractionation factor ratio (epsilon O-18/ epsilon Cl-37) also has significant implications for forensic studies. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Shaw Environm Inc, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. RP Sturchio, NC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 845 W Taylor St,MC-186, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM Sturchio@uic.edu NR 40 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 8 BP 2796 EP 2802 DI 10.1021/es0621849 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 159UK UT WOS:000245892900030 PM 17533841 ER PT J AU Kuwabara, JS Topping, BR Woods, PF Carter, JL AF Kuwabara, James S. Topping, Brent R. Woods, Paul F. Carter, James L. TI Free zinc ion and dissolved orthophosphate effects on phytoplankton from Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; COPPER; CAPRICORNUTUM; COMPETITION; SEDIMENTS; TOXICITY; CULTURE; SURFACE; MODEL; USA AB Coeur d'Alene Lake in northern Idaho is fed by two major rivers: the Coeur d'Alene River from the east and the St. Joe River from the south, with the Spokane River as its outlet to the north. This phosphorus-limited lake has been subjected to decades of mining (primarily for zinc and silver) and other anthropogenic inputs. A 32 full-factorial experimental design was used to examine the interactive effects of free (uncomplexed) zinc ion and dissolved-orthophosphate concentrations on phytoplankton that were isolated from two sites along a longitudinal zinc-concentration gradient in Coeur d'Alene Lake. The two sites displayed different dominanttaxa. Chlorella minutissima, a dominant species near the southern St. Joe River inlet, exhibited greater sensitivity to free Zn ions than Asterionella formosa, collected nearer the Coeur d'Alene River mouth with elevated dissolved-zinc concentrations. Empirical phytoplankton-response models were generated to describe phytoplankton growth in response to remediation strategies in the surrounding watershed. If dissolved Zn can be reduced in the water column from > 500 nM (i.e., current concentrations near and down stream of the Coeur d'Alene River plume) to < 3 nM (i.e., concentrations near the southern St. Joe River inlet) such that the lake is truly phosphorus limited, management of phosphorus inputs by surrounding communities will ultimately determine the limnologic state of the lake. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kuwabara, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 439, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kuwabara@usgs.gov OI Kuwabara, James/0000-0003-2502-1601 NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 8 BP 2811 EP 2817 DI 10.1021/es062923l PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 159UK UT WOS:000245892900032 PM 17533843 ER PT J AU Misut, PE Voss, CI AF Misut, Paul E. Voss, Clifford I. TI Freshwater-saltwater transition zone movement during aquifer storage and recovery cycles in Brooklyn and Queens, New York City, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE groundwater; aquifer; storage; saltwater intrusion AB Freshwater storage in deep aquifers of Brooklyn and Queens, New York, USA, is under consideration as an emergency water supply for New York City. The purpose of a New York City storage and recovery system is to provide an emergency water supply during times of drought or other contingencies and would entail longer-term storage phases than a typical annual cycle. There is concern amongst neighboring coastal communities that such a system would adversely impact their local water supplies via increased saltwater intrusion. This analysis uses three-dimensional modeling of variable-density ground-water flow and salt transport to study conditions under which hypothetical aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) may not adversely impact the coastal water supplies. A range of storage, pause, and recovery phase lengths and ASR cycle repetitions were used to test scenarios that emphasize control of potential saltwater intrusion. The USGS SUTRA code was used to simulate movement of the freshwater-saltwater transition zones in a detailed model of the upper glacial, Jameco, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers of western Long Island, New York. Simulated transition zones in the upper glacial, Jameco, and Magothy aquifers reach a steady state for 1999 stress and recharge conditions within 1 ka; however, saltwater encroachment is ongoing in the Lloyd (deepest) aquifer, for which the effects of the rise in sea level since deglaciation on transition zone equilibration are retarded by many ka due to the thick, overlying Raritan confining unit. Pumping in the 20th century has also caused widening and landward movement of the Lloyd aquifer transition zone. Simulation of scenarios of freshwater storage by injection followed by phases of pause and recovery by extraction indicates that the effect of net storage when less water is recovered than injected is to set up a hydraulic saltwater intrusion barrier in the Lloyd aquifer which may have beneficial effects to coastal water users. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Coram, NY 11727 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Misut, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coram, NY 11727 USA. EM pemisut@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 337 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.01.035 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 161PV UT WOS:000246028700007 ER PT J AU Huang, YW Hoffman, DJ Karasov, WH AF Huang, Yue-wern Hoffman, David J. Karasov, William H. TI Oxidative stress induced in PCB 126-exposed northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; 3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL PCB-126; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; TOXICITY; TOXICOKINETICS; DIBENZOFURANS; MECHANISM; DIOXINS; SYSTEM; TISSUE AB Northern leopard frogs Rana pipiens exposed to PCB 126 ( 3,3', 4,4', 5- pentachlorobiphenyl) were examined for hepatic oxidative stress. In a dose- response study, northern leopard frogs were injected intraperitoneally with either PCB 126 in corn oil ( 0.2, 0.7, 2.3, or 7.8 mg/ kg body weight) or corn oil alone. In a time- course study, frogs received 7.8 mg/ kg or corn oil alone, and were examined at 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk after dosing. Hepatic concentrations of reduced glutathione ( GSH), thiobarbituric acid- reactive substances ( TBARS), and total sulfhydryls ( total SH), as well as activities of glutathione peroxidase ( GSHP), GSSG reductase ( GSSG- R), glucose- 6- phosphate dehydrogenase ( G- 6- PDH), and glutathione S- transferase ( GSH- S- T) were measured. In the dose- response experiment, few effects were apparent 1 wk after dosing. In the time- course experiment, significant changes were observed in the 7.8- mg/ kg group at 2 wk or more posttreatment. Hepatic concentrations of GSH and TBARS were higher than in corresponding controls at wk 3 and 4; the activities of GSSG- R and GSH- S- T were higher than in controls at wk 2 and 4; and the activity of G- 6- PDH was increased at wk 2 and 4. These data collectively indicate that altered glutathione metabolism and oxidative stress occurred and were indicative of both toxicity and induction of protective mechanisms in frogs exposed to PCB. A similar delay in response was reported in fish and may relate to lower metabolic rate and physiological reactions in ectothermic vertebrates. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Sci, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Huang, YW (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Sci, 105 Schrenk Hall,1870 Miner Circle, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM huangy@umr.edu NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 70 IS 8 BP 676 EP 681 DI 10.1080/15287390600974676 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 148TQ UT WOS:000245097900002 PM 17365621 ER PT J AU Schmeeckle, MW Nelson, JM Shreve, RL AF Schmeeckle, Mark W. Nelson, Jonathan M. Shreve, Ronald L. TI Forces on stationary particles in near-bed turbulent flows SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; GRAVEL SALTATION; ROTATIONAL FLOW; LIFT; MECHANICS; SPHERES; GRAINS; WATER; MODEL; BODY AB In natural flows, bed sediment particles are entrained and moved by the fluctuating forces, such as lift and drag, exerted by the overlying flow on the particles. To develop a better understanding of these forces and the relation of the forces to the local flow, the downstream and vertical components of force on near-bed fixed particles and of fluid velocity above or in front of them were measured synchronously at turbulence-resolving frequencies ( 200 or 500 Hz) in a laboratory flume. Measurements were made for a spherical test particle fixed at various heights above a smooth bed, above a smooth bed downstream of a downstream-facing step, and in a gravel bed of similarly sized particles as well as for a cubical test particle and 7 natural particles above a smooth bed. Horizontal force was well correlated with downstream velocity and not correlated with vertical velocity or vertical momentum flux. The standard drag formula worked well to predict the horizontal force, but the required value of the drag coefficient was significantly higher than generally used to model bed load motion. For the spheres, cubes, and natural particles, average drag coefficients were found to be 0.76, 1.36, and 0.91, respectively. For comparison, the drag coefficient for a sphere settling in still water at similar particle Reynolds numbers is only about 0.4. The variability of the horizontal force relative to its mean was strongly increased by the presence of the step and the gravel bed. Peak deviations were about 30% of the mean force for the sphere over the smooth bed, about twice the mean with the step, and 4 times it for the sphere protruding roughly half its diameter above the gravel bed. Vertical force correlated poorly with downstream velocity, vertical velocity, and vertical momentum flux whether measured over or ahead of the test particle. Typical formulas for shear-induced lift based on Bernoulli's principle poorly predict the vertical forces on near-bed particles. The measurements suggest that particle-scale pressure variations associated with turbulence are significant in the particle momentum balance. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80403 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. RP Schmeeckle, MW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci, POB 870104, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM schmeeckle@asu.edu; jmn@usgs.gov; shreve@u.washington.edu NR 30 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD APR 11 PY 2007 VL 112 IS F2 AR F02003 DI 10.1029/2006JF000536 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 157OB UT WOS:000245728600001 ER PT J AU Yuan, WP Liu, S Zhou, GS Zhou, GY Tieszen, LL Baldocchi, D Bernhofer, C Gholz, H Goldstein, AH Goulden, ML Hollinger, DY Hu, Y Law, BE Stoy, PC Vesala, T Wofsy, SC AF Yuan, Wenping Liu, Shuguang Zhou, Guangsheng Zhou, Guoyi Tieszen, Larry L. Baldocchi, Dennis Bernhofer, Christian Gholz, Henry Goldstein, Allen H. Goulden, Michael L. Hollinger, David Y. Hu, Yueming Law, Beverly E. Stoy, Paul C. Vesala, Tirno Wofsy, Steven C. CA AmeriFlux Collaborators TI Deriving a light use efficiency model from eddy covariance flux data for predicting daily gross primary production across biomes SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE gross primary production; light use efficiency; eddy covariance; EC-LUE model; evaporative fraction; NDVI ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; COMPARING GLOBAL-MODELS; LEAF-AREA INDEX; ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; DECIDUOUS FORESTS; PONDEROSA PINE AB The quantitative simulation of gross primary production (GPP) at various spatial and temporal scales has been a major challenge in quantifying the global carbon cycle. We developed a light use efficiency (LUE) daily GPP model from eddy covariance (EC) measurements. The model, called EC-LUE, is driven by only four variables: normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature, and the Bowen ratio of sensible to latent heat flux (used to calculate moisture stress). The EC-LUE model relies on two assumptions: First, that the fraction of absorbed PAR (MAR) is a linear function of NDVI; Second, that the realized light use efficiency, calculated from a biome-independent invariant potential LUE, is controlled by air temperature or soil moisture, whichever is most limiting. The EC-LUE model was calibrated and validated using 24,349 daily GPP estimates derived from 28 eddy covariance flux towers from the AmeriFlux and EuroFlux networks, covering a variety of forests, grasslands and savannas. The model explained 85% and 77% of the observed variations of daily GPP for all the calibration and validation sites, respectively. A comparison with GPP calculated from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) indicated that the EC-LUE model predicted GPP that better matched tower data across these sites. The realized LUE was predominantly controlled by moisture conditions throughout the growing season, and controlled by temperature only at the beginning and end of the growing season. The EC-LUE model is an alternative approach that makes it possible to map daily GPP over large areas because (1) the potential LUE is invariant across various land cover types and (2) all driving forces of the model can be derived from remote sensing data or existing climate observation networks. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Quantitat Vegetat Ecol, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Natl Sci Fdn, Div Environm Biol, Long Term Ecol Res Program, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. USDA, Forest Serv NE, Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. S China Agr Univ, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples R China. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Univ Program Ecol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Div Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Liu, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sliu@usgs.gov; gszhou@ibcas.ac.cn RI Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Goulden, Michael/B-9934-2008; Stoy, Paul/D-3709-2011; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Vesala, Timo/C-3795-2017; OI Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Stoy, Paul/0000-0002-6053-6232; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Vesala, Timo/0000-0002-4852-7464; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 NR 91 TC 189 Z9 219 U1 13 U2 98 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 143 IS 3-4 BP 189 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.12.001 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 158KE UT WOS:000245789600003 ER PT J AU Wesson, RL Boyd, OS AF Wesson, Robert L. Boyd, Oliver S. TI Stress before and after the 2002 Denali fault earthquake SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOMA-PRIETA; CALIFORNIA; ALASKA; LITHOSPHERE; DIRECTIONS; MECHANICS; SEQUENCE; RUPTURE AB Spatially averaged, absolute deviatoric stress tensors along the faults ruptured during the 2002 Denali fault earthquake, both before and after the event, are derived, using a new method, from estimates of the orientations of the principal stresses and the stress change associated with the earthquake. Stresses are estimated in three regions along the Denali fault, one of which also includes the Susitna Glacier fault, and one region along the Totschunda fault. Estimates of the spatially averaged shear stress before the earthquake resolved onto the faults that ruptured during the event range from near 1 MPa to near 4 MPa. Shear stresses estimated along the faults in all these regions after the event are near zero (0 +/- 1 MPa). These results suggest that deviatoric stresses averaged over a few tens of km along strike are low, and that the stress drop during the earthquake was complete or nearly so. C1 US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80225 USA. RP Wesson, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 966 Box 25046,1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80225 USA. EM rwesson@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 7 AR L07303 DI 10.1029/2007GL029189 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 157ND UT WOS:000245726000004 ER PT J AU Morin, R Godin, R Nastev, M Rouleau, A AF Morin, Roger Godin, Rejean Nastev, Miroslav Rouleau, Alain TI Hydrogeologic controls imposed by mechanical stratigraphy in layered rocks of the Chateauguay River Basin, a US-Canada transborder aquifer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID ST-LAWRENCE LOWLANDS; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; PERMEABILITY; FRACTURE; QUEBEC; THICKNESS; FLOW; EVOLUTION; EXAMPLE; RIFT AB [ 1] The Chateauguay River Basin delineates a transborder watershed with roughly half of its surface area located in northern New York State and half in southern Quebec Province, Canada. As part of a multidisciplinary study designed to characterize the hydrogeologic properties of this basin, geophysical logs were obtained in 12 wells strategically located to penetrate the four major sedimentary rock formations that constitute the regional aquifers. The layered rocks were classified according to their elastic properties into three primary units: soft sandstone, hard sandstone, and dolostone. Downhole measurements were analyzed to identify fracture patterns associated with each unit and to evaluate their role in controlling groundwater flow. Fracture networks are composed of orthogonal sets of laterally extensive, subhorizontal bedding plane partings and bed-delimited, subvertical joints with spacings that are consistent with rock mechanics principles and stress models. The vertical distribution of transmissive zones is confined to a few select bedding plane fractures, with soft sandstone having the fewest ( one per 70-m depth) and hard sandstone the most ( five per 70-m depth). Bed-normal permeability is examined using a probabilistic model that considers the lengths of flow paths winding along joints and bedding plane fractures. Soft sandstone has the smallest bed-normal permeability primarily because of its wide, geomechanically undersaturated joint spacing. Results indicate that the three formations have similar values of bulk transmissivity, within roughly an order of magnitude, but that each rock unit has its own unique system of groundwater flow paths that constitute that transmissivity. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Quebec, Ctr Etud Ressources Minerales, Chicoutimi, PQ G7H 2B1, Canada. Geol Survey Canada, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. RP Morin, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 403,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rhmorin@usgs.gov; rejean_godin@uqac.ca; mnastev@nrcan.gc.ca; alain_rouleau@uqac.ca NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B4 AR B04403 DI 10.1029/2006JB004485 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 155NH UT WOS:000245583600005 ER PT J AU Ivanova, EV Murdmaa, IO Chepalyga, AL Cronin, TM Pasechnik, IV Levchenko, OV Howe, SS Manushkina, AV Platonova, EA AF Ivanova, Elena V. Murdmaa, Ivar O. Chepalyga, Andrey L. Cronin, Thomas M. Pasechnik, Ivan V. Levchenko, Oleg V. Howe, Stephen S. Manushkina, Anastasiya V. Platonova, Elena A. TI Holocene sea-level oscillations and environmental changes on the Eastern Black Sea shelf SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Black Sea; transgression; regression; cycles; Holocene; macro- and microfossils; Caucasian shelf; paleoenvironments; abrupt changes ID LAST GLACIAL-HOLOCENE; MARMARA SEA; BOSPORUS STRAIT; STRATIGRAPHY; MERCENARIA; OUTFLOW; HISTORY; RECORD AB A multi-proxy study of four sediment cores from the Eastern (Caucasian) Black Sea shelf revealed five transgressive-regressive cycles overprinted on the general trend of glacioeustatic sea-level rise during the last 11,000 C-14 yr. These cycles are well represented in micro-and macrofossil assemblages, sedimentation rates, and gain size variations. The oldest recovered sediments were deposited in the Neoeuxinian semi-freshwater basin (similar to 10,500-9000 C-14 yr BP) and contain a Caspian-type mollusk fauna dominated by Dreissena rostriformis. Low delta O-18 and delta C-13 values are measured on this species. The first appearance of marine mollusks and ostracodes from the Mediterranean is established in this part of the Black Sea at similar to 8200 C-14 yr BP, i.e., about 1000-2000 yr later than the appearance of marine microfossils in the deeper part of the sea. The Early Holocene (Bugazian to Vityazevian) condensed section of shell and shelly mud sediments with at least two hiatuses represent a high-energy shelf-edge facies. It contains a transitional assemblage representing a mixture of Caspian and Mediterranean fauna. This pattern suggests a dual-flow regime via the Bosphorus after 8200 C-14 yr BR Caspian species disappear and oligolialine species decrease in abundance during the Vityazevian-Prekalamitian cycle. Later, during the Middle to Late Holocene, low sea-level stands are characterized by shell layers, whereas silty mud with various mollusk and ostracode assemblages rapidly accumulated during transgressions. Restricted mud accumulation, as well as benthic faunal composition and abundance, suggest high-energy and well-ventilated bottom water during low sea-level stands. A trend of O-18 enrichment in mollusk shells points to an increase in bottom-water salinity during the Vityazevian to Kalamitian transgressions (similar to 7000 to 5700 C-14 yr BP) due to a more open connection with the Mediterranean, while a pronounced increase in polyhaline species abundance is established during the Kalamitian to Djemetean transgressions (similar to 6400 to 2700 C-14 yr BP). However, the composition of the faunal assemblage indicates that bottom-water salinity never exceeded modem values of 18-20 psu. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, Moscow 119017, Russia. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20191 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Geol, Moscow 119992, Russia. SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Ivanova, EV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, 36 Nakhimovsky Prosp, Moscow 117997, Russia. EM e_v_ivanova@ocean.ru OI Tchepalyga, Andrey/0000-0001-8654-1614 NR 51 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 246 IS 2-4 BP 228 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.09.014 PG 32 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 156GZ UT WOS:000245637400004 ER PT J AU Fenton, LK Geissler, PE Haberle, RM AF Fenton, Lori K. Geissler, Paul E. Haberle, Robert M. TI Global warming and climate forcing by recent albedo changes on Mars SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID THERMAL MAPPER OBSERVATIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; POLAR-REGIONS; TES; FEATURES; MODEL AB For hundreds of years, scientists have tracked the changing appearance of Mars, first by hand drawings and later by photographs(1,2). Because of this historical record, many classical albedo patterns have long been known to shift in appearance over time. Decadal variations of the martian surface albedo are generally attributed to removal and deposition of small amounts of relatively bright dust on the surface. Large swaths of the surface ( up to 56 million km(2)) have been observed to darken or brighten by 10 per cent or more(3-5). It is unknown, however, how these albedo changes affect wind circulation, dust transport and the feedback between these processes and the martian climate. Here we present predictions from a Mars general circulation model, indicating that the observed interannual albedo alterations strongly influence the martian environment. Results indicate enhanced wind stress in recently darkened areas and decreased wind stress in brightened areas, producing a positive feedback system in which the albedo changes strengthen the winds that generate the changes. The simulations also predict a net annual global warming of surface air temperatures by similar to 0.65 K, enhancing dust lifting by increasing the likelihood of dust devil generation. The increase in global dust lifting by both wind stress and dust devils may affect the mechanisms that trigger large dust storm initiation, a poorly understood phenomenon, unique to Mars. In addition, predicted increases in summertime air temperatures at high southern latitudes would contribute to the rapid and steady scarp retreat that has been observed in the south polar residual ice for the past four Mars years(6-8). Our results suggest that documented albedo changes affect recent climate change and large-scale weather patterns on Mars, and thus albedo variations are a necessary component of future atmospheric and climate studies. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Carl Sagan Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Fenton, LK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM fenton@mintz.arc.nasa.gov; pgeissler@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 5 PY 2007 VL 446 IS 7136 BP 646 EP 649 DI 10.1038/nature05718 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 153LZ UT WOS:000245438300034 PM 17410170 ER PT J AU Worman, A Packman, AI Marklund, L Harvey, JW Stone, SH AF Woerman, Anders Packman, Aaron I. Marklund, Lars Harvey, Judson W. Stone, Susa H. TI Fractal topography and subsurface water flows from fluvial bedforms to the continental shield SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW; BED FORMS; TRANSPORT; STREAM; EXCHANGE; CATCHMENTS; DYNAMICS; SOLUTES; SYSTEMS; STORAGE AB Surface-subsurface flow interactions are critical to a wide range of geochemical and ecological processes and to the fate of contaminants in freshwater environments. Fractal scaling relationships have been found in distributions of both land surface topography and solute efflux from watersheds, but the linkage between those observations has not been realized. We show that the fractal nature of the land surface in fluvial and glacial systems produces fractal distributions of recharge, discharge, and associated subsurface flow patterns. Interfacial flux tends to be dominated by small-scale features while the flux through deeper subsurface flow paths tends to be controlled by larger-scale features. This scaling behavior holds at all scales, from small fluvial bedforms ( tens of centimeters) to the continental landscape ( hundreds of kilometers). The fractal nature of surface-subsurface water fluxes yields a single scale-independent distribution of subsurface water residence times for both near-surface fluvial systems and deeper hydrogeological flows. C1 Royal Inst Technol, Dept Land & Water Resources Engn, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Worman, A (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol, Dept Land & Water Resources Engn, Teknikringen 76, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. EM worman@kth.se RI Packman, Aaron/B-7085-2009; Stonedahl, Susa/B-6198-2011; Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 NR 23 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 4 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 7 AR L07402 DI 10.1029/2007GL029426 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 155LI UT WOS:000245578500005 ER PT J AU Manning, AH Caine, JS AF Manning, Andrew H. Caine, Jonathan Saul TI Groundwater noble gas, age, and temperature signatures in an Alpine watershed: Valuable tools in conceptual model development SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; RESIDENCE TIMES; MINE-DRAINAGE; NATIONAL-PARK; EXCESS AIR; FLOW; RECHARGE; COLORADO AB Bedrock groundwater in alpine watersheds is poorly understood, mainly because of a scarcity of wells in alpine settings. Groundwater noble gas, age, and temperature data were collected from springs and wells with depths of 3-342 m in Handcart Gulch, an alpine watershed in Colorado. Temperature profiles indicate active groundwater circulation to a maximum depth (aquifer thickness) of about 200 m, or about 150 m below the water table. Dissolved noble gas data show unusually high excess air concentrations (>0.02 cm(3) STP/g, Delta Ne > 170%) in the bedrock, consistent with unusually large seasonal water table fluctuations (up to 50 m) observed in the upper part of the watershed. Apparent H-3/He-3 ages are positively correlated with sample depth and excess air concentrations. Integrated samples were collected from artesian bedrock wells near the trunk stream and are assumed to approximate flow-weighted samples reflecting bedrock aquifer mean residence times. Exponential mean ages for these integrated samples are remarkably consistent along the stream, four of five being from 8 to 11 years. The tracer data in combination with other hydrologic and geologic data support a relatively simple conceptual model of groundwater flow in the watershed in which (1) permeability is primarily a function of depth; (2) water table fluctuations increase with distance from the stream; and (3) recharge, aquifer thickness, and porosity are relatively uniform throughout the watershed in spite of the geological complexity of the Proterozoic crystalline rocks that underlie it. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Manning, AH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM amanning@usgs.gov OI Caine, Jonathan/0000-0002-7269-6989; Manning, Andrew/0000-0002-6404-1237 NR 78 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 4 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 AR W04404 DI 10.1029/2006WR005349 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 155NR UT WOS:000245584600005 ER PT J AU Weiskel, PK Vogel, RM Steeves, PA Zarriello, PJ DeSimone, LA Ries, KG AF Weiskel, Peter K. Vogel, Richard M. Steeves, Peter A. Zarriello, Philip J. DeSimone, Leslie A. Ries, Kernell G., III TI Water use regimes: Characterizing direct human interaction with hydrologic systems SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; RESOURCES; VULNERABILITY; INDICATORS; AVAILABILITY; VARIABLES; QUOTIENT; MODEL AB The sustainability of human water use practices is a rapidly growing concern in the United States and around the world. To better characterize direct human interaction with hydrologic systems (stream basins and aquifers), we introduce the concept of the water use regime. Unlike scalar indicators of anthropogenic hydrologic stress in the literature, the water use regime is a two-dimensional, vector indicator that can be depicted on simple x-y plots of normalized human withdrawals (h(out)) versus normalized human return flows (h(in)). Four end-member regimes, natural-flow-dominated (undeveloped), human-flow-dominated (churned), withdrawal-dominated (depleted), and return-flow-dominated (surcharged), are defined in relation to limiting values of h(out) and h(in). For illustration, the water use regimes of 19 diverse hydrologic systems are plotted and interpreted. Several of these systems, including the Yellow River Basin, China, and the California Central Valley Aquifer, are shown to approach particular end-member regimes. Spatial and temporal regime variations, both seasonal and long-term, are depicted. Practical issues of data availability and regime uncertainty are addressed in relation to the statistical properties of the ratio estimators h(out) and h(in). The water use regime is shown to be a useful tool for comparative water resources assessment and for describing both historic and alternative future pathways of water resource development at a range of scales. C1 US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Weiskel, PK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 10 Bearfoot Rd, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. EM pweiskel@usgs.gov RI Vogel, Richard/A-8513-2008; OI Vogel, Richard/0000-0001-9759-0024; Ries, Kernell/0000-0003-1690-5499 NR 57 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 4 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 AR W04402 DI 10.1029/2006WR005062 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 155NR UT WOS:000245584600002 ER PT J AU Halfar, J Steneck, R Schone, B Moore, GWK Joachimski, M Kronz, A Fietzke, J Estes, J AF Halfar, Jochen Steneck, Robert Schoene, Bernd Moore, G. W. K. Joachimski, Michael Kronz, Andreas Fietzke, Jan Estes, James TI Coralline alga reveals first marine record of subarctic North Pacific climate change SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENSO TELECONNECTIONS; ATLANTIC-OSCILLATION; DECADAL OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; SEA; TEMPERATURE; AMERICA; RECONSTRUCTION; GROWTH AB While recent changes in subarctic North Pacific climate had dramatic effects on ecosystems and fishery yields, past climate dynamics and teleconnection patterns are poorly understood due to the absence of century-long high-resolution marine records. We present the first 117-year long annually resolved marine climate history from the western Bering Sea/Aleutian Island region using information contained in the calcitic skeleton of the long-lived crustose coralline red alga Clathromorphum nereostratum, a previously unused climate archive. The skeletal delta O-18-time series indicates significant warming and/ or freshening of surface waters after the middle of the 20th century. Furthermore, the time series is spatiotemporally correlated with Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and tropical El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices. Even though the western Bering Sea/Aleutian Island region is believed to be outside the area of significant marine response to ENSO, we propose that an ENSO signal is transmitted via the Alaskan Stream from the Eastern North Pacific, a region of known ENSO teleconnections. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Chem & Phys Sci, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Geosci, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Geol & Mineral, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. Univ Gottingen, Geowissensch Zentrum, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Univ Kiel, Leibnitz Inst Meereswissensch, Kiel, Germany. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Halfar, J (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Chem & Phys Sci, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. EM jochen.halfar@utoronto.ca RI Schone, Bernd/B-6294-2011; Joachimski, Michael/B-9477-2011; Moore, Kent/D-8518-2011; Halfar, Jochen/C-7317-2014; OI Moore, Kent/0000-0002-3986-5605; Fietzke, Jan/0000-0002-5530-7208 NR 32 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 3 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 7 AR L07702 DI 10.1029/2006GL028811 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 155LG UT WOS:000245578300002 ER PT J AU Barker, CE Lewan, MD Pawlewicz, MJ AF Barker, Charles E. Lewan, Michael D. Pawlewicz, Mark J. TI The influence of extractable organic matter on vitrinite reflectance suppression: A survey of kerogen and coal types SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Organic-Petology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Soc Organ Petol DE vitrinite reflectance; suppression; biturnen; impregnation; retention ID EAST-CENTRAL TEXAS; JACKSON GROUP; GROUP EOCENE; PETROGRAPHY; LIGNITE; GEOCHEMISTRY; MATURATION; MATURITY; BASIN; OIL AB The vitrinite reflectance suppression literature shows that while bitumen impregnation of the vitrinite group is often invoked as a significant contributor to suppression, its existence is not often supported by petrological evidence. This study examines bitumen impregnation as a factor in vitrinite suppression by comparing the vitrinite reflectance of source rock and coal samples before and after solvent-extraction. Bitumen, often defined as organic matter Soluble or extractable in certain organic solvents, should be removed by Soxhlet method solvent extraction using chloroform. Removing the extractable bitumen should restore the suppressed reflectance to its true higher value. However, the solvent extracted samples averaged 0.014% R-v less than that of the unextracted samples. We conclude from these results and from other published data that reflectance suppression by bitumen impregnation in the vitrinite maceral group, above the huminite stage of gelification, is seemingly a rare phenomenon and whose effect on suppressing vitrinite reflectance is typically negligible. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Barker, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 977, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM Barker@usgs.gov; mlewan@usgs.gov; Pawlewicz@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD APR 2 PY 2007 VL 70 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 67 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2006.03.005 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 158CT UT WOS:000245769400005 ER PT J AU Pollastro, RM Jarvie, DM Hill, RJ Adams, CW AF Pollastro, Richard M. Jarvie, Daniel M. Hill, Ronald J. Adams, Craig W. TI Geologic framework of the Mississippian Barnett Shale, Barnett-Paleozoic total petroleum system, bend arch-Fort Worth Basin, Texas SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NORTH-CENTRAL TEXAS; ELLENBURGER GROUP; GAS SYSTEMS; WEST TEXAS; PLAY AB This article describes the primary geologic characteristics and criteria of the Barnett Shale and Barnett-Paleozoic total petroleum system (TPS) of the Fort Worth Basin used to define two geographic areas of the Barnett Shale for petroleum resource assessment. From these two areas, referred to as "assessment units," the U.S. Geological Survey estimated a mean volume of about 26 tcf of undiscovered, technically recoverable hydrocarbon gas in the Barnett Shale. The Mississippian Barnett Shale is the primary source rock for oil and gas produced from Paleozoic reservoir rocks in the Bend arch Fort Worth Basin area and is also one of the most significant gas-producing formations in Texas. Subsurface mapping from well logs and commercial databases and petroleum geochemistry demonstrate that the Barnett Shale is organic rich and thermally mature for hydrocarbon generation over most of the Bend arch-Fort Worth Basin area. In the northeastern and structurally deepest part of the Fort Worth Basin adjacent to the Muenster arch, the formation is more than 1000 ft (305 m) thick and interbedded with thick limestone units; westward, it thins rapidly over the Mississippian Chappel shelf to only a few tens of feet. The Barnett-Paleozoic TPS is identified where thermally mature Barnett Shale has generated large volumes of hydrocarbons and is (1) contained within the Barnett Shale unconventional continuous accumulation and (2) expelled and distributed among numerous conventional clastic- and carbonate-rock reservoirs of Paleozoic age. Vitrinite reflectance (R-o) measurements show little correlation with present-day burial depth. Contours of equal Ro values measured from Barnett Shale and typing of produced hydrocarbons indicate significant uplift and erosion. Furthermore, the thermal history of the formation was enhanced by hydrothermal events along the Ouachita thrust front and Mineral Wells-Newark East fault system. Stratigraphy and thermal maturity define two gas-producing assessment units for the Barnett Shale: (1) a greater Newark East. fracture-barrier continuous Barnett Shale gas assessment unit, encompassing an area of optimal gas production where dense impermeable limestones enclose thick (>= 300 ft; >= 91 m) Barnett Shale that is within the gas-generation window, but is less than 300 ft (91 m) thick, and either one or both of the overlying and underlying limestone barriers are absent. C1 US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Humble Instruments & Serv Inc, Humble Geochem Serv Div, Humble, TX 77347 USA. ADEXCO Prod Co, Ft Worth, TX 76101 USA. RP Pollastro, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Team, Box 25046,MS 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pollastro@usgs.gov; danjarvie@humble-inc.com; ronhill@usgs.gov; craig@adexco.net NR 67 TC 86 Z9 152 U1 8 U2 60 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD APR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 4 BP 405 EP 436 DI 10.1306/10300606008 PG 32 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 159QE UT WOS:000245880400002 ER PT J AU Hill, RJ Jarvie, DM Zumberge, J Henry, M Pollastro, RM AF Hill, Ronald J. Jarvie, Daniel M. Zumberge, John Henry, Mitchell Pollastro, Richard M. TI Oil and gas geochemistry and petroleum systems of the Fort Worth Basin SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CRUDE OILS; SOURCE ROCKS; TRICYCLIC TERPANES; DEPOSITIONAL-ENVIRONMENTS; THERMAL MATURITY; ORGANIC-MATTER; BIOMARKER; BIODEGRADATION; ISOMERIZATION; MATURATION AB Detailed biomarker and light hydrocarbon geochemistry confirm that the marine Mississippian Barnett Shale is the primary source rock for petroleum in the Fort Worth Basin, north-central Texas, although contributions from other sources are possible. Biomarker data indicate that the main oil-generating Barnett Shale facies is marine and was deposited under dysoxic, strong upwelling, normal salinity conditions. The analysis of two outcrop samples and cuttings from seven wells indicates variability in the Barnett Shale organic facies and a possibility of other oil subfamilies being present. Light hydrocarbon analyses reveal significant terrigenous-sourced condensate input to some reservoirs, resulting in terrigenous and mixed marine-terrigenous light hydrocarbon signatures for many oils. The light hydrocarbon data suggest a secondary, condensate-generating source facies containing terrigenous or mixed terrigenous-marine organic matter. This indication of a secondary source rock that is not revealed by biomarker analysis emphasizes the importance of integrating biomarker and light hydrocarbon data to define petroleum source rocks. Gases in the Fort Worth Basin are thermogenic in origin and appear to be cogenerated with oil from the Barnett Shale although some gas may also originate by oil cracking. Isotope data indicate minor contribution of biogenic gas. Except for reservoirs in the Pennsylvanian Bend Group, which contain gases spanning the complete range of observed maturities, the gases appear to be stratigraphically segregated, younger reservoirs contain less mature gas, and older reservoirs contain more mature gas. We cannot rule out the possibility that other source units within the Fort Worth Basin, such as the Smithwick Shale, are locally important petroleum sources. C1 US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Team, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Humble Instruments & Serv Inc, Humble Geochem Serv Div, Humble, TX 77347 USA. GeoMark Res Ltd, Houston, TX 77095 USA. RP Hill, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Team, Box 25046,MS 939, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM ronhill@usgs.gov; danjarvie@humble-inc.com; jzumberge@geomarkresearch.com; pollastro@usgs.gov NR 63 TC 90 Z9 122 U1 11 U2 63 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD APR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 4 BP 445 EP 473 DI 10.1306/11030606014 PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 159QE UT WOS:000245880400004 ER PT J AU Jarvie, DM Hill, RJ Ruble, TE Pollastro, RM AF Jarvie, Daniel M. Hill, Ronald J. Ruble, Tim E. Pollastro, Richard M. TI Unconventional shale-gas systems: The Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY MIGRATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOURCE ROCKS; CARBON; BASIN; HYDROCARBONS; ADSORPTION; DIFFUSION; KEROGEN; PLAY AB Shale-gas resource plays can be distinguished by gas type and system characteristics. The Newark East gas field, located in the Fort Worth Basin, Texas, is defined by thermogenic gas production from low-porosity and low-permeability Barnett Shale. The Barnett Shale gas system, a self-contained source-reservoir system, has generated large amounts of gas in the key productive areas because of various characteristics and processes, including (1) excellent original organic richness and generation potential; (2) primary and secondary cracking of kerogen and retained oil, respectively; (3) retention of oil for cracking to gas by adsorption; (4) porosity resulting from organic matter decomposition; and (5) brittle mineralogical composition. The calculated total gas in place (GIP) based on estimated ultimate recovery that is based on production profiles and operator estimates is about 204 bcf/section (5.78 x 10(9) M-3/1.73 x 10(4) m(3)). We estimate that the Barnett Shale has a total generation potential of about 609 bbl of oil equivalent/ac-ft or the equivalent of 3657 mcf/ac-ft (84.0 m(3)/m(3)). Assuming a thickness of 3 50 ft (107 m) and only sufficient hydrogen for partial cracking of retained oil to gas, a total generation potential of 820 bcf/section is estimated. Of this potential, approximately 60% was expelled, and the balance was retained for secondary cracking of oil to gas, if sufficient thermal maturity was reached. Gas storage capacity of the Barnett Shale at typical reservoir pressure, volume, and temperature conditions and 6% porosity shows a maximum storage capacity of 540 mcf/ac-ft or 159 scf/ton. C1 Humble Instruments & Serv Inc, Humble Geochem Serv, Humble, TX 77347 USA. US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Jarvie, DM (reprint author), Humble Instruments & Serv Inc, Humble Geochem Serv, POB 789,218 Higgins St, Humble, TX 77347 USA. EM danjarvie@humble-inc.com; ronhill@usgs.gov; truble@humble-inc.com; Pollastro@usgs.gov RI 谭, 玉芳/I-8946-2014 NR 75 TC 425 Z9 726 U1 61 U2 318 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD APR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 4 BP 475 EP 499 DI 10.1306/12190606068 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 159QE UT WOS:000245880400005 ER PT J AU Hill, RJ Zhang, E Katz, BJ Tang, YC AF Hill, Ronald J. Zhang, Etuan Katz, Barry Jay Tang, Yongchun TI Modeling of gas generation from the Barnett Shale, Fort Worth Basin, Texas SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; THERMAL ALTERATION; HEXANE PYROLYSIS; HIGH-PRESSURES; NATURAL-GAS; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS; CRUDE OILS; PETROLEUM; KEROGEN; KINETICS AB The generative gas potential of the Mississippian Barnett Shale in the Fort Worth Basin, Texas, was quantitatively evaluated by sealed gold-tube pyrolysis. Kinetic parameters for gas generation and vitrinite reflectance (R-o) changes were calculated from pyrolysis data and the results used to estimate the amount of gas generated from the Barnett Shale at geologic heating rates. Using derived kinetics for R-o evolution and gas generation, quantities of hydrocarbon gas generated at R-o similar to 1.1% are about 230 L/t (7.4 scf/t) and increase to more that 5800 L/t (186 scf/t) at R-o similar to 2.0% for a sample with an initial total organic carbon content of 5.5% and R-o = 0.44%. The volume of shale gas generated will depend on the organic richness, thickness, and thermal maturity of the shale and also the amount of petroleum that is retained in the shale during migration. Gas that is reservoired in shales appears to be generated from the cracking of kerogen and petroleum that is retained in shales, and that cracking of the retained petroleum starts by R-o 1.1 %. This result suggests that the cracking of petroleum retained in source rocks occurs at rates that are faster than what is predicted for conventional siliciclastic and carbonate reservoirs, and that contact of retained petroleum with kerogen and shale mineralogy may be a critical factor in shale-gas generation. Shale-gas systems, together with overburden, can be considered complete petroleum systems, although the processes of petroleum migration, accumulation, and trap formation are different from what is defined for conventional petroleum systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Shell Int Explorat & Prod BV, Houston, TX 77001 USA. Chevron Corp, Energy Technol Co, Houston, TX 77002 USA. CALTECH, Petr Energy & Environm Res Ctr, Covina, CA 91722 USA. RP Hill, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Team, Box 25046,Mississippi 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ronhill@ustgs.gov; ezhang@shellus.com; barrykatz@chevron.com; tang@peer.caltech.edu RI Tang, Yongchun/G-7473-2011 NR 52 TC 64 Z9 123 U1 8 U2 63 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD APR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 4 BP 501 EP 521 DI 10.1306/120606063 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 159QE UT WOS:000245880400006 ER PT J AU Pollastro, RM AF Pollastro, Richard M. TI Total petroleum system assessment of undiscovered resources in the giant Barnett Shale continuous (unconventional) gas accumulation, gas accumulation, Fort Worth Basin, Texas SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NORTH-CENTRAL TEXAS AB Undiscovered natural gas having potential for additions to reserves in the Mississippian Barnett Shale of the Fort Worth Basin, north-central Texas, was assessed using the total petroleum system assessment unit concept and a cell-based methodology for continuous-type (unconventional) resources. The Barnett-Paleozoic total petroleum system is defined in the Bend arch-Fort Worth Basin as encompassing the area in which the organic-rich Barnett is the primary source rock for oil and gas produced from Paleozoic carbonate and clastic reservoirs. Exploration, technology, and drilling in the Barnett Shale play have rapidly evolved in recent years, with about 3500 vertical and 1000 horizontal wells completed in the Barnett through 2005 and more than 85% of the them completed since 1999. Using framework geology and historical production data, assessment of the Barnett Shale was performed by the U.S. Geological Survey using vertical wells at the peak of vertical well completions and before a transition to completions with horizontal wells. The assessment was performed after (1) mapping critical geological and geochemical parameters to define assessment unit areas with future potential, (2) defining distributions of drainage area (cell size) and estimating ultimate recovery per cell, and (3) estimating future success rates. Two assessment units are defined and assessed for the Barnett Shale continuous gas accumulation, resulting in a total mean undiscovered volume having potential for additions to reserves of 26.2 TCFG. The greater Newark East fracture-barrier continuous Barnett Shale gas assessment unit represents a core-producing area where thick, organic-rich, siliceous Barnett Shale is within the thermal window for gas generation (R-o >= 1.1 %) and is overlain and underlain by impermeable limestone barriers (Pennsylvanian Marble Falls Limestone and Ordovician Viola Limestone, respectively) that serve to confine induced fractures during well completion to maximize gas recovery. The extended continuous Barnett Shale gas assessment unit, which had been less explored, defines a geographic area where Barnett Shale is (1) within the thermal window for gas generation, (2) greater than 100 ft (30 m) thick, and (3) where at least one impermeable limestone barrier is absent. Mean undiscovered gas having potential for additions to reserves in the greater Newark East assessment unit is estimated at 14.6 tcf, and in the less tested extended assessment unit, a mean resource is estimated at 11.6 TCFG. A third hypothetical basin-arch Barnett Shale oil assessment unit was defined but not assessed because of a lack of production data. C1 US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Pollastro, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Team, Box 25046,MS 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pollastro@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 50 Z9 100 U1 6 U2 40 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD APR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 4 BP 551 EP 578 DI 10.1306/06200606007 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 159QE UT WOS:000245880400009 ER PT J AU McKenzie, JM Voss, CI Siegel, DI AF McKenzie, Jeffrey M. Voss, Clifford I. Siegel, Donald I. TI Groundwater flow with energy transport and water-ice phase change: Numerical simulations, benchmarks, and application to freezing in peat bogs SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE groundwater; peat; energy transport; freezing; cold regions; benchmark; modelling ID FROZEN SOIL; HEAT-FLOW; PERMAFROST; EQUATION; MODEL AB In northern peatlands, subsurface ice formation is an important process that can control heat transport, groundwater flow, and biological activity. Temperature was measured over one and a half years in a vertical profile in the Red Lake Bog, Minnesota. To successfully simulate the transport of heat within the peat profile, the U.S. Geological Survey's SUTRA computer code was modified. The modified code simulates fully saturated, coupled porewater-energy transport, with freezing and melting porewater, and includes proportional heat capacity and thermal conductivity of water and ice, decreasing matrix permeability due to ice formation, and latent heat. The model is verified by correctly simulating the Lunardini analytical solution for ice formation in a porous medium with a mixed ice-water zone. The modified SUTRA model correctly simulates the temperature and ice distributions in the peat bog. Two possible benchmark problems for groundwater and energy transport with ice formation and melting are proposed that may be used by other researchers for code comparison. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Heroy Geol Lab 204, Syracuse, NY 13224 USA. RP McKenzie, JM (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 3450 Univ Ave, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. EM mckenzie@eps.mcgill.ca NR 47 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD APR PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4 BP 966 EP 983 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.08.008 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 150ZZ UT WOS:000245259400018 ER PT J AU Tappan, G McGahuey, M AF Tappan, Gray McGahuey, Michael TI Tracking environmental dynamics and agricultural intensification in southern Mali SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scientific Workshop on Land Management for Carbon Sequestration in the Sudan-Sahel Region CY 2004 CL Bamako, MALI SP US NASA, US Agcy Int Dev, Sustain Agr & Nat Resource Management, Soils Management, Collaborat Res Support Programs DE agriculture; intensification; degradation; land use; land cover; remote sensing; Mali; environmental monitoring; natural resource management ID SENEGAL; DESERTIFICATION; DROUGHT; FOREST; SAHEL AB The Office de la Haute Vallee du Fleuve Niger (OHVN) zone in southern Mali is a small but important agricultural production region. Against a background of environmental degradation including decades of declining rainfall, soil erosion, and human pressure on forest resources, numerous farming communities stand out through the use of improved soil and water management practices that have improved agricultural and environmental conditions. Field surveys conducted in 1998-2001 indicated that environmental and agricultural conditions have improved in the past decade. In an effort to better quantify environmental trends, we conducted a study using medium- and high-resolution remotely sensed images from 1965 to 2001 in order to analyze land use and land cover trends in 21 village territories. The trends show clear indications of agricultural intensification and diversification among villages that have received assistance from the OHVN agricultural development agency. Some communities have improved environmental conditions by protecting their forest resources through community management actions. Four decades of remotely sensed images played a practical role in tracking and quantifying environmental and agricultural conditions over time. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, USGS Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. USAID EGAT, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Tappan, G (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, USGS Ctr EROS, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM tappan@usgs.gov; mmcgahuey@afr-sd.org NR 37 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD APR PY 2007 VL 94 IS 1 SI SI BP 38 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2005.07.011 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 164JK UT WOS:000246229800005 ER PT J AU Hackley, PC Peper, JD Burton, WC Horton, JW AF Hackley, Paul C. Peper, John D. Burton, William C. Horton, J. Wright, Jr. TI Northward extension of carolina slate belt stratigraphy and structure, south-central Virginia: Results from geologic mapping SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HYCO SHEAR ZONE; VIRGILINA DEFORMATION; APPALACHIAN OROGEN; CENTRAL PIEDMONT; TERRANE; DISCRIMINATION; AR-40/AR-39; AGES AB Geologic mapping in south-central Virginia demonstrates that the stratigraphy and structure of the Carolina slate belt extend northward across a steep thermal gradient into upper amphibolite-facies correlative gneiss and schist. The Neoproterozoic greenschist-facies Hyco, Aaron, and Virgilina Formations were traced northward from their type localities near Virgilina, Virginia, along a simple, upright, northeast-trending isoclinal syncline. This syncline is called the Dryburg syncline and is a northern extension of the more complex Virgilina synclinorium. Progressively higher-grade equivalents of the Hyco and Aaron Formations were mapped northward along the axial trace of the refolded and westwardly-overturned Dryburg syncline through the Keysville and Green Bay 7.5-minute quadrangles, and across the northern end of the Carolina slate belt as interpreted on previous geologic maps. Hyco rocks, including felsic metatuff, metawacke, and amphibolite, become gneisses upgrade with areas of local anatexis and the segregation of granitic melt into leucosomes with biotite selvages. Phyllite of the Aaron Formation becomes garnet-bearing mica schist. Aaron Formation rocks disconformably overlie the primarily felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Hyco Formation as evidenced by repeated truncation of internal contacts within the Hyco on both limbs of the Dryburg syncline at the Aaron-Hyco contact. East-northeast-trending isograds, defined successively by the first appearance of garnet, then kyanite +/- staurolite in sufficiently aluminous rocks, are superposed on the stratigraphic units and synclinal structure at moderate to high angles to strike. The textural distinction between gneisses and identifiable sedimentary structures occurs near the kyanite +/- staurolite-in isograd. Development of the steep thermal gradient and regional penetrative fabric is interpreted to result from emplacement of the Goochland terrane adjacent to the northern end of the slate belt during Alleghanian orogenesis. This mapping study indicates that the Carolina slate belt does not terminate on the north against through-going faults or rest on higher-grade basement as previously suggested. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Hackley, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM phackley@usgs.gov OI Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551 NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 307 IS 4 BP 749 EP 771 DI 10.2475/04.2007.04 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 190XJ UT WOS:000248093700004 ER PT J AU Steingraeber, MT Bartsch, MR Kalas, JE Newton, TJ AF Steingraeber, Mark T. Bartsch, Michelle R. Kalas, John E. Newton, Teresa J. TI Thermal criteria for early life stage development of the winged mapleleaf mussel (Quadrula fragosa) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER TEMPERATURES; FISH HOSTS; WISCONSIN; UNIONIDAE; GLOCHIDIA AB The winged mapleleaf mussel [Quadrula fragosa (Conrad)] is a Federal endangered species. Controlled propagation to aid in recovering this species has been delayed because host fishes for its parasitic glochidia (larvae) are unknown. This study identified blue catfish [Ictaluris furcatus (Lesueur)] and confirmed channel catfish [Ictaluris punctatus (Rafinesque)] as suitable hosts. The time required for glochiclia to metamorphose and for peak juvenile excystment to begin was water temperature dependent and ranged from 28 to 37 d in a constant thermal regime (19 C); totaled 70 d in a varied thermal regime (12-19 C); and ranged 260 to 262 d in simulated natural thermal regimes (0-21 C). We developed a quantitative model that describes the thermal-temporal relation and used it to empirically estimate the species-specific low-temperature threshold for development of glochiclia into juveniles on channel catfish (9.26 C) and the cumulative temperature units of development required to achieve peak excystment of juveniles from blue catfish (383 C center dot d) and channel catfish (395 C center dot d). Long-term tests simulated the development of glochiclia into juveniles in natural thermal regimes and consistently affirmed the validity of these estimates, as well as provided evidence for a thermal cue (17-20 C) that presumably is needed to trigger peak juvenile excystment. These findings substantiate our model and provide an approach that could be used to determine corresponding thermal criteria for early life development of other mussel species. These data can be used to improve juvenile mussel production in propagation programs designed to help recover imperiled species and may also be useful in detecting temporal climatic changes within a watershed. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fishery Resources Off, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Steingraeber, MT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fishery Resources Off, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. EM mark_steingraeber@fws.gov NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2007 VL 157 IS 2 BP 297 EP 311 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2007)157[297:TCFELS]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 167CF UT WOS:000246427600004 ER PT J AU Vander Pol, SS Ellisor, MB Pugh, RS Becker, PR Poster, DL Schantz, MM Leigh, SD Wakeford, BJ Roseneau, DG Simac, KS AF Vander Pol, Stacy S. Ellisor, Michael B. Pugh, Rebecca S. Becker, Paul R. Poster, Dianne L. Schantz, Michele M. Leigh, Stefan D. Wakeford, Bryan J. Roseneau, David G. Simac, Kristin S. TI Development of a murre (Uria spp.) egg control material SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials 9BERM 10) CY APR 30-MAY 04, 2006 CL Charleston, SC SP Natl Inst Stnad & Technol, High Pur Stand, NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv DE control material; seabird; egg; PCBs; PBDEs; organochlorine pesticides ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; REFERENCE MATERIALS SRMS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CONTAMINANTS; SEA AB The Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP) is a collaborative Alaska-wide effort by the US Fish and Wildlife Service's Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (USFWS/AMNWR), the US Geological Survey's Biological Resources Division (USGS/BRD), the Bureau of Indian Affairs Alaska Region Subsistence Branch (BIA/ARSB), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to monitor long-term (decadal) trends in environmental contaminants using seabird eggs. To support this effort, a matrix- (seabird egg) and concentration-specific control material was needed to ensure quality during analytical work. Although a herring gull egg quality assurance (HGQA) material is available from Environment Canada (EC), contaminant concentrations in this material tended to be higher than those observed in Alaskan murre (Uria spp.) eggs. Therefore, to prepare a more appropriate control material, a total of 12 common murre (U. aalge) and thick-billed murre (U. lomvia) eggs from four Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska nesting locations were cryohomogenized to create 190 aliquots each containing approximately 6 g. This new control material was analyzed by different methods at NIST and EC facilities for the determination of concentrations and value assignment of 63 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, 20 organochlorine pesticides, and 11 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners. The total PCB concentration is approximately 58 ng g(-1) wet mass. Results obtained for analytes not listed on the certificates of analysis of the previously used control materials, HGQA and NIST's Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1946 Lake Superior Fish Tissue, are also presented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Vander Pol, SS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM stacy.vanderpol@nist.gov NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 387 IS 7 BP 2357 EP 2363 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0887-2 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 143TR UT WOS:000244748500006 PM 17103152 ER PT J AU Mackey, EA Cronise, MP Fales, CN Greenberg, RR Leigh, SD Long, SE Marlow, AF Murphy, KE Oflaz, R Sieber, JR Rearick, MS Wood, LJ Yu, LL Wilson, SA Briggs, PH Brown, ZA Budahn, J Kane, PF Hall, WL AF Mackey, E. A. Cronise, M. P. Fales, C. N. Greenberg, R. R. Leigh, S. D. Long, S. E. Marlow, A. F. Murphy, K. E. Oflaz, R. Sieber, J. R. Rearick, M. S. Wood, L. J. Yu, L. L. Wilson, S. A. Briggs, P. H. Brown, Z. A. Budahn, J. Kane, P. F. Hall, W. L., Jr. TI Development and certification of the new SRM 695 trace elements in multi-nutrient fertilizer SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials 9BERM 10) CY APR 30-MAY 04, 2006 CL Charleston, SC SP Natl Inst Stnad & Technol, High Pur Stand, NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv DE trace elements; activation analysis; fertilizers; standard reference material; nutrients AB During the past seven years, several states within the US have enacted regulations that limit the amounts of selected non-nutritive elements in fertilizers. Internationally, several countries, including Japan, China, and Australia, and the European Union also limit the amount of selected elements in fertilizers. The elements of interest include As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. Fertilizer manufacturers and state regulatory authorities, faced with meeting and verifying these limits, need to develop analytical methods for determination of the elements of concern and to validate results obtained using these methods. Until now, there were no certified reference materials available with certified mass fraction values for all elements of interest in a blended, multi-nutrient fertilizer matrix. A new standard reference material (SRM) 695 trace elements in multi-nutrient fertilizer, has been developed to help meet these needs. SRM 695 has recently been issued with certified mass fraction values for seventeen elements, reference values for an additional five elements, and information values for two elements. The certificate of analysis includes an addendum listing percentage recovery for eight of these elements, determined using an acid-extraction inductively-coupled plasma optical-emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method recently developed and tested by members of the Association of American Plant Food Control Officials. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Purdue Univ, Off Indiana State Chemist, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Mosaic Co, Mulberry, FL 33860 USA. RP Mackey, EA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8395, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lmackey@nist.gov RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 387 IS 7 BP 2401 EP 2409 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1124-3 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 143TR UT WOS:000244748500010 PM 17265084 ER PT J AU Chalfoun, AD Martin, TE AF Chalfoun, Anna D. Martin, Thomas E. TI Latitudinal variation in avian incubation attentiveness and a test of the food limitation hypothesis SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE food availability; incubation; karoo prinia; latitudinal variation; life history evolution; nest attentiveness; parental care; Prinia maculosa ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; FLYCATCHER FICEDULA-HYPOLEUCA; NEST PREDATION; PHYLOGENETIC REGRESSION; HATCHING ASYNCHRONY; ALTRICIAL BIRDS; CLUTCH SIZE; TEMPERATURE; EGG; AVAILABILITY AB Avian incubation attentiveness has important fitness consequences through its influence on the number and quality of hatched young and energetic costs imposed on parents. Nest attentiveness is highly variable across species and geographical regions. We reviewed the literature and found a worldwide pattern that nest attentiveness of passerines is generally lower in south temperate and tropical regions than in north temperate regions. We also conducted a food manipulation experiment to assess the extent to which nest attentiveness may reflect proximate responses versus an evolved behaviour. We used the karoo prinia, Prinia maculosa, in South Africa, which has very low nest attentiveness (similar to 49%) compared with that of many passerine birds. We provided supplemental food during early incubation to experimental females and compared nest attentiveness and on- and off-bout lengths of experimental and paired control females. Nest attentiveness of females at food-provisioned nests was significantly higher than that of control females (57% versus 49%). Food-supplemented females also spent significantly less time off the nest than did control females, whereas mean on-bout lengths did not differ. However, mean nest attentiveness of food-provisioned females was still substantially below that of other similar bird species worldwide. Food can be an important proximate influence on parental care behaviour, but proximate influences of food do not explain broad latitudinal patterns of attentiveness. (c) 2007 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Cape Town, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, Percy Fitzpatrick Inst, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Chalfoun, AD (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM chalfouna@hotmail.com RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 50 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 36 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 EI 1095-8282 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD APR PY 2007 VL 73 BP 579 EP 585 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.09.010 PN 4 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 159TW UT WOS:000245890900003 ER PT J AU Baesman, SA Bullen, TD Dewald, J Zhang, DH Curran, S Islam, FS Beveridge, TJ Oremland, RS AF Baesman, Shaun A. Bullen, Thomas D. Dewald, James Zhang, Donghui Curran, Seamus Islam, Farhana S. Beveridge, Terry J. Oremland, Ronald S. TI Formation of tellurium nanocrystals during anaerobic growth of bacteria that use te oxyanions as respiratory electron acceptors SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; POTASSIUM TELLURITE; ELEMENTAL TELLURIUM; THAUERA-SELENATIS; SULFATE REDUCTION; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SP-NOV; SELENIUM; RESISTANCE AB Certain toxic elements support the metabolism of diverse prokaryotes by serving as respiratory electron acceptors for growth. Here, we demonstrate that two anaerobes previously shown to be capable of respiring oxyanions of selenium also achieve growth by reduction of either tellurate [Te(VI)] or tellurite [Te(IV)] to elemental tellurium [Te(0)]. This reduction achieves a sizeable stable-Te-isotopic fractionation (isotopic enrichment factor [epsilon] = -0.4 to -1.0 per ml per atomic mass unit) and results in the formation of unique crystalline Te(0) nanoarchitectures as end products. The Te(0) crystals occur internally within but mainly externally from the cells, and each microorganism forms a distinctly different structure. Those formed by Bacillus selenitireducens initially are nanorods (similar to 10-nm diameter by 200-nm length), which cluster together, forming larger (similar to 1,000-nm) rosettes composed of numerous individual shards (similar to 100-nm width by 1,000-nm length). In contrast, Sulfurospirillum barnesii forms extremely small, irregularly shaped nanospheres (diameter < 50 nm) that coalesce into larger composite aggregates. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction indicate that both biominerals are composed entirely of Te and are crystalline, while Raman spectroscopy confirms that they are in the elemental state. These Te biominerals have specific spectral signatures (UV-visible light, Raman) that also provide clues to their internal structures. The use of microorganisms to generate Te nanomaterials may be an alternative for bench-scale syntheses. Additionally, they may also generate products with unique properties unattainable by conventional physical/chemical methods. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol & Adv Food & Mat Network, Networks Ctrs Excellence, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 480,345 Middleford Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. EM roremlan@usgs.gov RI Zhang, Donghui/C-3629-2012 OI Zhang, Donghui/0000-0003-0779-6438 NR 47 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 73 IS 7 BP 2135 EP 2143 DI 10.1128/AEM.02558-06 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 155KM UT WOS:000245576300013 PM 17277198 ER PT J AU Stoeckel, DM Harwood, VJ AF Stoeckel, Donald M. Harwood, Valerie J. TI Performance, design, and analysis in microbial source tracking studies SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HUMAN FECAL POLLUTION; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE PATTERNS; BACTERIAL SOURCE TRACKING; EXTRAGENIC PALINDROMIC-PCR; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SORBITOL-FERMENTING BIFIDOBACTERIA; ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; REAL-TIME PCR; RHODOCOCCUS-COPROPHILUS; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH USA. RP Harwood, VJ (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM vharwood@cas.usf.edu OI Stoeckel, Don/0000-0003-3772-171X NR 104 TC 140 Z9 145 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 73 IS 8 BP 2405 EP 2415 DI 10.1128/AEM.02473-06 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 168RT UT WOS:000246542400001 PM 17308193 ER PT J AU Kolker, A Huggins, FE AF Kolker, Allan Huggins, Frank E. TI Progressive oxidation of pyrite in five bituminous coal samples: An As XANES and Fe-57 Mossbauer spectroscopic study SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ARSENIC SPECIATION AB Naturally occurring pyrite commonly contains minor substituted metals and metalloids (As, Se, Hg, Cu, Ni, etc.) that can be released to the environment as a result of its weathering. Arsenic, often the most abundant minor constituent in pyrite, is a sensitive monitor of progressive pyrite oxidation in coal. To test the effect of pyrite composition and environmental parameters on the rate and extent of pyrite oxidation in coal, splits of five bituminous coal samples having differing amounts of pyrite and extents of As substitution in the pyrite, were exposed to a range of simulated weathering conditions over a period of 17 months. Samples investigated include a Springfield coal from Indiana (whole coal pyritic S = 2.13 wt.%; As in pyrite = detection limit (d.l.) to 0.06 wt.%), two Pittsburgh coal samples from West Virginia (pyritic S = 1.32-1.58 wt.%; As in pyrite = d.l. to 0.34 wt.%), and two samples from the Warrior Basin, Alabama (pyritic S = 0.260-0.27 wt.%; As in pyrite = d.l. to 2.72 wt.%). Samples were collected from active mine faces, and expected differences in the concentration of As in pyrite were confirmed by electron microprobe analysis. Experimental weathering conditions in test chambers were maintained as follows: (1) dry Ar atmosphere; (2) dry 02 atmosphere; (3) room atmosphere (relative humidity similar to 20-60%); and (4) room atmosphere with samples wetted periodically with double-distilled water. Sample splits were removed after one month, nine months, and 17 months to monitor the extent of As and Fe oxidation using As X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and Fe-57 Mossbauer spectroscopy, respectively. Arsenic XANES spectroscopy shows progressive oxidation of pyritic As to arsenate, with wetted samples showing the most rapid oxidation. Fe-57 Mossbauer spectroscopy also shows a much greater proportion of Fe3+ forms (jarosite, Fe3+ sulfate, FeOOH) for samples stored under wet conditions, but much less difference among samples stored under dry conditions in different atmospheres. The air-wet experiments show evidence of pyrite re-precipitation from soluble ferric sulfates, with As retention in the jarosite phase. Extents of As and Fe oxidation were similar for samples having differing As substitution in pyrite, suggesting that environmental conditions outweigh the composition. and amount of pyrite as factors influencing the oxidation rate of Fe sulfides in coal. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Team, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Kentucky, Consortium Fossil Fuel Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Kolker, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Team, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM akolker@usgs.gov RI Huggins, Frank/A-8861-2009 NR 19 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 778 EP 787 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.10.006 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 168RV UT WOS:000246542600005 ER PT J AU Mast, MA Foreman, WT Skaates, SV AF Mast, M. A. Foreman, W. T. Skaates, S. V. TI Current-use pesticides and organochlorine compounds in precipitation and lake sediment from two high-elevation national parks in the Western United States SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN LAKES; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; WET DEPOSITION; AMBIENT AIR; TRANSPORT; ENDOSULFAN; AREAS; WATER; SNOW; CONTAMINANTS AB Current-use pesticides (CUPs) and banned organochlorine compounds (OCCs) were measured in precipitation (snowpack and rain) and lake sediments from two national parks in the Western United States to determine their occurrence and distribution in high-elevation environments. CUPs frequently detected in snow were endosulfan, dacthal, and chlorothalonil in concentrations ranging from 0.07 to 2.4 ng/L. Of the OCCs, chlordane, hexachlorobenzene, and two polychlorinated biphenyl congeners were detected in only one snow sample each. Pesticides most frequently detected in rain were atrazine, carbaryl, and dacthal in concentrations from 3.0 to 95 ng/L. Estimated annual deposition rates in one of the parks were 8.4 mu g/m(2) for atrazine, 9.9 mu g/m(2) for carbaryl, and 2.6 mu g/m(2) for dacthal, of which > 85% occurred during summer. p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD were the most frequently detected OCCs in surface sediments from lakes. However, concentrations were low (0.12 to 4.7 mu g/kg) and below levels at which harmful effects for benthic organisms are likely to be observed. DDD and DDE concentrations in an age-dated sediment core suggest that atmospheric deposition of DDT and its degradates, and possibly other banned OCCs, to high-elevation areas have been decreasing since the 1970s. Dacthal and endosulfan sulfate were present in low concentrations (0.11 to 1.2 mu g/kg) and were the only CUPs detected in surface sediments. Both pesticides were frequently detected in snow, confirming that some CUPs entering high-elevation aquatic environments through atmospheric deposition are accumulating in lake sediments and potentially in aquatic biota as well. C1 US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Mast, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mamast@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 7 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 3 BP 294 EP 305 DI 10.1007/s00244-006-0096-1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 149TG UT WOS:000245169000002 PM 17285235 ER PT J AU Farag, AM Nimick, DA Kimball, BA Church, SE Harper, DD Brumbaugh, WG AF Farag, Aida M. Nimick, David A. Kimball, Briant A. Church, Stanley E. Harper, David D. Brumbaugh, William G. TI Concentrations of metals in water, sediment, biofilm, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish in the Boulder River watershed, Montana, and the role of colloids in metal uptake SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; RAINBOW-TROUT; QUALITY GUIDELINES; ARKANSAS RIVER; BROWN TROUT; COLORADO; BIOACCUMULATION; AUFWUCHS; LEAD; INVERTEBRATES AB To characterize the partitioning of metals in a stream ecosystem, concentrations of trace metals including As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were measured in water, colloids, sediment, biofilm (also referred to as aufwuchs), macroinvertebrates, and fish collected from the Boulder River watershed, Montana. Median concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn in water throughout the watershed exceeded the U.S. EPA acute and chronic criteria for protection of aquatic life. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in sediment were sufficient in the tributaries to cause invertebrate toxicity. The concentrations of As, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn in invertebrates from lower Cataract Creek (63, 339, 59, 34, and 2,410 mu g/g dry wt, respectively) were greater than the concentrations in invertebrates from the Clark Fork River watershed, Montana (19, 174, 2.3, 15, and 648 mu g/g, respectively), that were associated with reduced survival, growth, and health of cutthroat trout fed diets composed of those invertebrates. Colloids and biofilm seem to play a critical role in the pathway of metals into the food chain and concentrations of As, Cu, Pb, and Zn in these two components are significantly correlated. We suggest that transfer of metals associated with Fe colloids to biological components of biofilm is an important pathway where metals associated with abiotic components are first available to biotic components. The significant correlations suggest that Cd, Cu, and Zn may move independently to biota (biofilm, invertebrates, or fish tissues) from water and sediment. The possibility exists that Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations increase in fish tissues as a result of direct contact with water and sediment and indirect exposure through the food chain. However, uptake through the food chain to fish may be more important for As. Although As concentrations in colloids and biofilm were significantly correlated with As water concentrations, As concentrations in fish tissues were not correlated with water. The pathway for Pb into biological components seems to begin with sediment because concentrations of Pb in water were not significantly correlated with any other component and because concentrations of Pb in the water were often below detection limits. C1 US Geol Survey, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59601 USA. US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Farag, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 1089, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. EM aida_farag@usgs.gov OI Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192 NR 35 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 3 BP 397 EP 409 DI 10.1007/s00244-005-0021-z PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 149TG UT WOS:000245169000014 PM 17219028 ER PT J AU Cicenaite, A Huckins, JN Alvarez, DA Cranor, WL Gale, RW Kauneliene, V Bergqvist, PA AF Cicenaite, Aurelija Huckins, James N. Alvarez, David A. Cranor, Walter L. Gale, Robert W. Kauneliene, Violeta Bergqvist, Per-Anders TI Feasibility of a simple laboratory approach for determining temperature influence on SPMD-air partition coefficients of selected compounds SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE temperature; SPMDs; partition coefficients; naphthalene; o-chlorophenol; p-dichlorobenzene ID SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; URBAN AIR; PCDD/FS; PAHS AB Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) are a widely used passive sampling methodology for both waterborne and airborne hydrophobic organic contaminants. The exchange kinetics and partition coefficients of an analyte in a SPMD are mediated by its physicochemical properties and certain environmental conditions. Controlled laboratory experiments are used for determining the SPMD-air (K-sa's) partition coefficients and the exchange kinetics of organic vapors. This study focused on determining a simple approach for measuring equilibrium K-sa,'s for naphthalene (Naph), o-chlorophenol (o-CPh) and p-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) over a wide range of temperatures. SPMDs were exposed to test chemical vapors in small, gas-tight chambers at four different temperatures (-16, -4, 22 and 40 degrees C). The exposure times ranged from 6 h to 28d depending on test temperature. K-sa's or non-equilibrium concentrations in SPMDs were determined for all compounds, temperatures and exposure periods with the exception of Naph, which could not be quantified in SPMDs until 4 weeks at the -16 degrees C temperature. To perform this study the assumption of constant and saturated atmospheric concentrations in test chambers was made. It could influence the results, which suggest that flow through experimental system and performance reference compounds should be used for SPMD calibration. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kaunas Univ Technol, Dept Environm Engn, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania. Umea Univ, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Cicenaite, A (reprint author), Kaunas Univ Technol, Dept Environm Engn, Radvilenu Pl 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania. EM aurelija.cicenaite@gmail.com NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 13 BP 2844 EP 2850 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.11.036 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 165RQ UT WOS:000246323600014 ER PT J AU Kesler, DC Haig, SM AF Kesler, Dylan C. Haig, Susan M. TI Territoriality, prospecting, and dispersal in cooperatively breeding micronesian kingfishers (Todiramphus cinnamominus reichenbachii) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Caroline islands; dispersal; foray; Halcyon cinnamomina; homesteading; Micronesia; prospecting; Todiramphus cinnamominus ID WARBLER ACROCEPHALUS-SECHELLENSIS; POLYGYNANDROUS ACORN WOODPECKER; RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SEYCHELLES WARBLER; MATING SYSTEMS; HABITAT SATURATION; SURICATA-SURICATTA; DELAYED DISPERSAL; NATAL DISPERSAL AB We investigated territoriality, prospecting, and dispersal behavior in cooperatively breeding Pohnpei Micronesian Kingfishers (Todiramphus cinnamominus reichenbachii) throughout the annual cycle using radiotelemetry and color-band resights. Mean home-range size was 6.3 ha and territories were 8.1 ha. Within territories, Micronesian Kingfishers shared 63%, of their home-range space with coterritorial occupants, and 3% was shared with extraterritorial conspecifics. Birds on cooperative territories had larger home ranges that overlapped more with coterritory occupants' home ranges than birds in pair-held territories. Despite evidence suggesting that resources necessary for survival and reproduction occurred on each territory, Micronesian Kingfishers of all age and sex classes made extraterritorial prospecting movements. Prospecting was rare; it comprised only 4.3%, of our observations. When birds departed on forays, they were gone for similar to 1.9 h and returned to home territories before sunset. Prospecting by dominant birds was temporally correlated with courtship and nest initiation, and birds were observed at neighboring nest sites with opposite-sex conspecifics during the period when females were available for fertilization. Juveniles and helpers prospected throughout the year and made repeated homesteading movements to dispersal destinations before dispersing. Mean dispersal distance for radiomarked individuals was 849 m. Results suggest that prospecting in Micronesian Kingfishers is a complex behavior that provides information for dispersal decisions and familiarity with dispersal destinations. Additionally, extraterritorial movements may provide covert opportunities for reproduction, which have potential to profoundly influence the distribution of fitness among helper and dominant Micronesian Kingfishers. C1 US Geol Survey Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kesler, DC (reprint author), Virginia Tech, 4095 Derring Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM dkesler@vt.edu NR 93 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2007 VL 124 IS 2 BP 381 EP 395 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[381:TPADIC]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 169MN UT WOS:000246596400002 ER PT J AU Adams, AAY Skagen, SK Savidge, JA AF Adams, Amy A. Yackel Skagen, Susan K. Savidge, Julie A. TI Population-specific demographic estimates provide insights into declines of lark buntings (Calamospiza melanocorys) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Calamospiza melanocorys; dispersal; fecundity; Lark Bunting; population growth rates; prairie birds; renesting; transmitter effect ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; NEST PREDATION; SEASONAL FECUNDITY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; SITE FIDELITY; BREEDING DISPERSAL; BROOD PARASITISM; MIGRATORY BIRDS; GRASSLAND BIRDS AB Many North American prairie bird populations have recently declined, and the causes of these declines remain largely unknown. To determine whether population limitation occurs during breeding, we evaluated the stability of a population of prairie birds using population-specific values for fecundity and postfledging survival. During 2001-2003, we radiomarked 67 female Lark Buntings (Calamospiza melanocorys) to determine annual fecundity and evaluate contributing factors such as nest survival and breeding response (number of breeding attempts and dispersal). Collectively, 67 females built 112 nests (1.67 +/- 0.07 nests female(-1) season(-1); range: 1-3); 34 were second nests and 11 were third nests. Daily nest survival estimates were similar for initial and later nests with overall nest survival (DSR19) of 30.7% and 31.7%, respectively. Nest predation was the most common cause of failure (920%). Capture and radiomarking of females did not affect nest survival. Lark Bunting dispersal probabilities increased among females that fledged young from initial nests and females that lost their original nests late in the season. Conservative and liberal estimates of mean annual fecundity were 0.96 +/- 0.11 and 1.24 +/- 0.09 female offspring per female, respectively. Given the fecundity and juvenile-survival estimates for this population, annual adult survival values of 71-77% are necessary to achieve a stable population. Because adult survival of prairie passerines ranges between 55% and 65%, this study area may not be capable of sustaining a stable population in the absence of immigration. We contrast our population assessment with one that assumes indirect values of fecundity and juvenile survival. To elucidate limiting factors, estimation of population-specific demographic parameters is desirable. We present an approach for selecting species and areas for evaluation of population stability. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collin Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Adams, AAY (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM amy_yackel@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2007 VL 124 IS 2 BP 578 EP 593 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 169MN UT WOS:000246596400017 ER PT J AU Ely, CR Bollinger, KS Densmore, RV Rothe, TC Petrula, MJ Takekawa, JY Orthmeyer, DL AF Ely, Craig R. Bollinger, Karen S. Densmore, Roseann V. Rothe, Thomas C. Petrula, Michael J. Takekawa, John Y. Orthmeyer, Dennis L. TI Reproductive strategies of Northern Geese: Why wait? SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Anser albifrons elgasi; breeding strategy; migration; prenesting ecology; Tule Greater White-Fronted Goose ID WHITE-FRONTED GEESE; GREATER SNOW GEESE; SPRING MIGRATION; BREEDING BIOLOGY; BRANTA-BERNICLA; ANSER-ALBIFRONS; CANADA GEESE; CLUTCH SIZE; FOOD; CONSEQUENCES AB Migration and reproductive strategies in waterbirds are tightly linked, with timing of arrival and onset of nesting having important consequences for reproductive success. Whether migratory waterbirds are capital or income breeders is predicated by their spring migration schedule, how long they are on breeding areas before nesting, and how adapted they are to exploiting early spring foods at northern breeding areas. However, for most species, we know little about individual migration schedules, arrival times, and duration of residence on breeding areas before nesting. To document these relationships in a northern nesting goose, we radiotracked winter-marked Tule Greater White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons elgasi; hereafter "Tule Geese"; n = 116) from the time of their arrival in Alaska through nesting. Tule Geese arrived on coastal feeding areas in mid-April and moved to nesting locations a week later. They initiated nests 15 days (range: 6-24 days) after arrival, a period roughly equivalent to the duration of rapid follicle growth. Tule Geese that arrived the earliest were more likely to nest than geese that arrived later; early arrivals also spent more time on the breeding grounds and nested earlier than geese that arrived later. The length of the prenesting period was comparable to that of other populations of this species, but longer than for goose species that initiate rapid follicle growth before arrival on the breeding grounds. We suggest that Tule Geese nesting in more temperate climates are more likely to delay breeding to exploit local food resources than Arctic-nesting species that may be constrained by short growing seasons. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. US Geol Survey, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Ely, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM craig_ely@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2007 VL 124 IS 2 BP 594 EP 605 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[594:RSONGW]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 169MN UT WOS:000246596400018 ER PT J AU Alldredge, MW Pollock, KH Simons, TR Collazo, JA Shriner, SA AF Alldredge, Mathew W. Pollock, Kenneth H. Simons, Theodore R. Collazo, Jaime A. Shriner, Susan A. TI Time-of-detection method for estimating abundance from point-count surveys SO AUK LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; bird surveys; capture-recapture; detection probability; point counts ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; SONG; POPULATIONS; RATES AB Point-count surveys are often used to collect data on the abundance and distribution of birds, generally as an index of relative abundance. Valid comparison of these indices assumes that the detection process is comparable over space and time. These restrictive assumptions can be eliminated by estimating detection probabilities directly. We generalize a recently proposed removal model for estimating detection probabilities using a time-of-detection approach, which can account for more sources of variation in point-count data. This method is specifically designed to account for variation in detection probabilities associated with singing rates of birds. Our model accounts for both availability bias and detection bias by modeling the combined probability that a bird sings during the count, and the probability that it is detected given that it sings. The model requires dividing the count into several intervals and recording detections of individual birds in each interval. We develop maximum-likelihood estimators for this approach and provide a full suite of models based on capture-recapture models, including covariate models. We present two examples of this method: one for four species of songbirds surveyed in Great Smoky Mountains National Part: using three unequal intervals, and one for the Pearly-eyed Thrasher (Margarops fuscatus) surveyed in Puerto Rico using four equal intervals. Models incorporating individual heterogeneity were selected for all data sets using information-theoretic model-selection techniques. Detection probabilities varied among count-time intervals, which suggests that birds may be responding to observers. We recommend applying this method to surveys with four or more equal intervals to reduce assumptions and to take full advantage of standard capture-recapture software. The time-of-detection approach provides a better understanding of the detection process, especially when singing rates of individual birds affect detection probabilities. C1 Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Alldredge, MW (reprint author), Colorado Div Wildlife, 317 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mat.alldredge@state.co.us OI Shriner, Susan/0000-0003-0349-7182 NR 26 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 37 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2007 VL 124 IS 2 BP 653 EP 664 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[653:TMFEAF]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 169MN UT WOS:000246596400023 ER PT J AU Albanese, G Vickery, PD Sievert, PR AF Albanese, Gene Vickery, Peter D. Sievert, Paul R. TI Habitat characteristics of adult frosted elfins (Callophrys irus) in sandplain communities of southeastern Massachusetts, USA SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE frosted elfin; Callophrys irus; butterfly conservation; sandplain communities; invasive species ID LYCAEIDES-MELISSA-SAMUELIS; PLANT INVASION; HOME-RANGE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; NEW-ENGLAND; NEW-YORK; BUTTERFLIES; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; LEPIDOPTERA AB Changes to land use and disturbance frequency threaten disturbance-dependent Lepidoptera within sandplain habitats of the northeastern United States. The frosted elfin (Callophrys irus) is a rare and declining monophagous butterfly that is found in xeric open habitats maintained by disturbance. We surveyed potential habitat for adult frosted elfins at four sites containing frosted elfin populations in southeastern Massachusetts, United States. Based on the survey data, we used kernel density estimation to establish separate adult frosted elfin density classes, and then used regression tree analysis to describe the relationship between density and habitat features. Adult frosted elfin density was greatest when the host plant, wild indigo (Baptisia tinctoria), density was >2.6 plants/m(2) and tree canopy cover was <29%. Frosted elfin density was inversely related to tree cover and declined when the density of wild indigo was <2.6 plants/m(2) and shrub cover was >= 16%. Even small quantities of non-native shrub cover negatively affected elfin densities. This effect was more pronounced when native herbaceous cover was <36%. Our results indicate that management for frosted elfins should aim to increase both wild indigo density and native herbaceous cover and limit native tree and shrub cover in open sandplain habitats. Elimination of non-native shrub cover is also recommended because of the negative effects of even low non-native shrub cover on frosted elfin densities. The maintenance of patches of early successional sandplain habitat with the combination of low tree and shrub cover high host plant densities, and the absence of non-native shrubs appears essential for frosted elfin persistence, but may also be beneficial for a number of other rare sandplain insects and plant species. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Ctr Ecol Res, Richmond, ME 04357 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Albanese, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM bobolink@suddenlink.net NR 79 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2007 VL 136 IS 1 BP 53 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.10.055 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 165VF UT WOS:000246333400006 ER PT J AU Lehman, RN Kennedy, PL Savidge, JA AF Lehman, Robert N. Kennedy, Patricia L. Savidge, Julie A. TI The state of the art in raptor electrocution research: A global review SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE power lines; mortality; study design; methods ID SPANISH IMPERIAL EAGLE; POWER-LINES; UTILITY STRUCTURES; MORTALITY; CONSERVATION; INFORMATION; MANAGEMENT; FLORIDA; AREAS AB We systematically reviewed the raptor electrocution literature to evaluate study designs and methods used in raptor electrocution research, mitigation, and monitoring, emphasizing original research published in English. Specifically, we wondered if three decades of effort to reduce raptor electrocutions has had positive effects. The majority of literature examined came from North America, western Europe, and South Africa. In spite of intensive and often sustained effort by industry and governments across three continents for 30 years, reductions in the incidence of electrocution have been demonstrated in only a few studies. Reliable rate estimates of electrocution mortality generally are unavailable, with some exceptions. Nearly half of 110 studies we analyzed in detail were retrospective reviews of historical mortality records, banding data, or results of necropsies on dead birds received at pathology and veterinary facilities. Among prospective studies, less than half used unbiased approaches to sampling and many did not provide enough detail to assess the sampling design used. At this time, few researchers can demonstrate the reliability of standardized retrofitting procedures or the effectiveness of monitoring techniques. Future progress in reducing raptor mortalities on power lines will benefit from properly designed studies that generate rate estimates of mortality, address biasing factors, and include predictions concerning risk and techniques to reduce risk that can be tested in the field or laboratory. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Biol, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Union, OR 97883 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lehman, RN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn,970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM boblehman@msn.com; pat.kennedy@oregonstate.edu; jsavidge@cnr.colostate.edu RI Kennedy, Patricia/I-4902-2015 OI Kennedy, Patricia/0000-0002-2090-1821 NR 103 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2007 VL 136 IS 2 BP 159 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.09.015 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 172UL UT WOS:000246829800001 ER PT J AU Freese, CH Aune, KE Boyd, DP Derr, JN Forrest, SC Gates, CC Goyan, PJP Grassel, SM Halbert, ND Kunkel, K Redford, KH AF Freese, Curtis H. Aune, Keith E. Boyd, Delaney P. Derr, James N. Forrest, Steve C. Gates, C. Cormack Goyan, Peter J. P. Grassel, Shaun M. Halbert, Natalie D. Kunkel, Kyran Redford, Kent H. TI Second chance for the plains bison SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE bison conservation; wild bison genome; grasslands; cattle gene introgression; ecological restoration ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SOUTHERN PLAINS; EUROPEAN BISON; POPULATIONS; EXTINCTION; HYBRIDIZATION; ECOLOGY; CATTLE AB Before European settlement the plains bison (Bison bison bison) numbered in the tens of millions across most of the temperate region of North America. Within the span of a few decades during the mid- to late-1800s its numbers were reduced by hunting and other factors to a few hundred. The plight of the plains bison led to one of the first major movements in North America to save an endangered species. A few individuals and the American Bison Society rescued the remaining animals. Attempts to hybridize cattle and bison when bison numbers were low resulted in extensive cattle gene introgression. in bison. Today, though approximately 500,000 plains bison exist in North America, few are free of cattle gene introgression, 96% are subject to anthropogenic selection for commodity production, and only 4% are in herds managed primarily for conservation purposes. Small herd size, artificial selection, cattle-gene introgression, and other factors threaten the diversity and integrity of the bison genome. In addition, the bison is for all practical purposes ecologically extinct across its former range, with multiple consequences for grassland biodiversity. Urgent measures are needed to conserve the wild bison genome and to restore the ecological role of bison in grassland ecosystems. Socioeconomic trends in the Great Plains, combined with new information about bison conservation needs and new conservation initiatives by both the public and public sectors, have set the stage for significant progress in bison conservation over the next few years. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 World Wildlife Fund, No Great Plains Program, Bozeman, MT 59771 USA. Montana Fish Wildlife & Pks, Helena, MT 59620 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Alberta, Fac Environm Design, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Dept Wildlife Fish & Recreat, Lower Brule Sioux Tribe, Lower Brule, SD 57548 USA. World Wildlife Fund, No Great Plains Program, Gallatin Gateway, MT 59730 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, WCS Inst, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. RP Freese, CH (reprint author), World Wildlife Fund, No Great Plains Program, POB 7276, Bozeman, MT 59771 USA. EM curt.freese@wwfus.org; kaune@mt.gov; delaneyboyd@shaw.ca; jderr@cvm.tamu.edu; steve.forrest@wwfus.org; ccgates@nucleus.com; peter_gogan@usgs.gov; smgrassel@gmail.com; kredford@wcs.org NR 77 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 9 U2 83 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2007 VL 136 IS 2 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.11.019 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 172UL UT WOS:000246829800002 ER PT J AU Field, KJ Tracy, CR Medica, PA Marlow, RW Corn, PS AF Field, Kimberleigh J. Tracy, C. Richard Medica, Philip A. Marlow, Ronald W. Corn, Paul Stephen TI Return to the wild: Translocation as a tool in conservation of the Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE augmentation; chelonian; Mojave Desert; Nevada; relocation; supplementation ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT DISEASE; 2 POPULATIONS; AMPHIBIANS; WATER; RELOCATIONS; REPTILES; DROUGHT; NEVADA AB Translocation could be used as a tool in conservation of the threatened Mojave Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) by moving individuals from harm's way and into areas where they could contribute to conservation of the species. Numerous factors may affect the success of translocations, including the conditions experienced by tortoises in holding facilities while awaiting translocation. The tortoises available for our translocation study had been provided supplemental water during their years spent in a captive holding facility, potentially inducing carelessness in water conservation. In addition to generally investigating the efficacy of translocation, we compared the effects of continuing with the effects of ceasing the holding facility's water supplementation regimen. After exposure to one of the two water regimens, all tortoises were given the opportunity to hydrate immediately prior to release. We examined behavior, body mass, carapace length, movement, and mortality of tortoises for two activity seasons following release to the wild. Water supplementation was correlated with high rates of carapace growth and distant movements by males after release. Lengthy movements following translocation may be problematic for conservation planning, but this should be evaluated in light of the goals and circumstances of each translocation project. Although the mortality rate was 21.4% in 1997, data suggest that drought conditions at the site rather than the translocation itself negatively affected the tortoises. None of the tortoises died during their second season at the site. Our results indicate that translocation should be considered a useful tool in conservation of the Desert Tortoise. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Biol Resources Res Ctr, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Field, KJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Nevada Fish & Wildlife Off, 1340 Financial Blvd,Suite 234, Reno, NV 89502 USA. EM kimberleigh_field@fws.gov; dtracy@biodiversity.unr.edu; pmedica@usgs.gov; marlowhoff@aol.com; steve_corn@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2007 VL 136 IS 2 BP 232 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.11.022 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 172UL UT WOS:000246829800007 ER PT J AU DeFalco, LA Fernandez, GCJ Nowak, RS AF DeFalco, Lesley A. Fernandez, George C. J. Nowak, Robert S. TI Variation in the establishment of a non-native annual grass influences competitive interactions with Mojave Desert perennials SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE creosote bush; galleta grass; Indian ricegrass; invasive species; plant competition ID QUERCUS-DOUGLASII SEEDLINGS; BROME BROMUS-TECTORUM; SHRUB LARREA-TRIDENTATA; WESTERN SONORAN DESERT; WATER RELATIONS; ANNUAL PLANTS; SOIL-WATER; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SOUTHERN NEVADA; NORTH-AMERICA AB Competition between native and non-native species can change the composition and structure of plant communities, but in deserts, the highly variable timing of resource availability also influences non-native plant establishment, thus modulating their impacts on native species. In a field experiment, we varied densities of the non-native annual grass Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens around individuals of three native Mojave Desert perennials-Larrea tridentata, Achnatherum hymenoides, and Pleuraphis rigida-in either winter or spring. For comparison, additional plots were prepared for the same perennial species and seasons, but with a mixture of native annual species as neighbors. Growth of perennials declined when Bromus was established in winter because Bromus stands had 2-3 months of growth and high water use before perennial growth began. However, water potentials for the perennials were not significantly reduced, suggesting that direct competition for water may not be the major mechanism driving reduced perennial growth. The impact of Bromus on Larrea was lower than for the two perennial grasses, likely because Larrea maintains low growth rates throughout the year, even after Bromus has completed its life cycle. This result contrasts with the perennial grasses, whose phenology completely overlaps with (Achnatherum) or closely follows (Pleuraphis) that of Bromus. In comparison, Bromus plants established in spring were smaller than those established in winter and thus did not effectively reduce growth of the perennials. Growth of perennials with mixed annuals as neighbors also did not differ from those with Bromus neighbors of equivalent biomass, but stands of these native annuals did not achieve the high biomass of Bromus stands that were necessary to reduce perennial growth. Seed dormancy and narrow requirements for seedling survivorship of native annuals produce densities and biomass lower than those achieved by Bromus; thus, impacts of native Mojave Desert annuals on perennials are expected to be lower than those of Bromus. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Nevada Agr Expt Stn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP DeFalco, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM Lesley_DeFalco@usgs.gov RI Fernandez, George/A-7063-2009 NR 66 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD APR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 3 BP 293 EP 307 DI 10.1007/s10530-006-9033-5 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 149EV UT WOS:000245130800005 ER PT J AU Royt, PW Honeychuck, RV Pant, RR Rogers, ML Asher, LV Lloyd, JR Carlos, WE Belkin, HE Patwardhan, S AF Royt, Paulette W. Honeychuck, Robert V. Pant, Ramesh R. Rogers, Magnus L. Asher, Ludmila V. Lloyd, John R. Carlos, W. E. Belkin, Harvey E. Patwardhan, Swati TI Iron- and 4-hydroxy-2-alkylquinoline-containing periplasmic inclusion bodies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A chemical analysis SO BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pseudomonas aeruginosa; periplasmic inclusion bodies; iron; Pseudomonas quinolone signal; pseudan; 4-hydroxy-2-alkylquinoline; HAQ; PQS ID TO-CELL COMMUNICATION; QUINOLONE SIGNAL PQS; MEMBRANE-VESICLES; BACTERIAL-CELL; PROKARYOTES; CHELATOR AB Dark aggregated particles were seen on pellets of iron-rich, mid-logarithmic phase Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Transmission electron microscopy of these cells showed inclusion bodies in periplasmic vacuoles. Aggregated particles isolated from the spent medium of these cells contained iron as indicated by atomic absorption spectroscopy and by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy that revealed Fe3+. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis of whole cells revealed the presence of iron-containing particles beneath the surface of the cell, indicating that the isolated aggregates were the intracellular inclusion bodies. Collectively, mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the isolated inclusion bodies revealed the presence of 3,4-dihydroxy-2-heptylquinoline which is the Pseudomonas quinolone signaling compound (PQS) and an iron chelator; 4-hydroxy-2-heptylquinoline (pseudan VII), which is an iron chelator, antibacterial compound and precursor of PQS; 4-hydroxy-2-nonylquinoline (pseudan IX) which is an iron chelator and antibacterial compound; 4-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline (pseudan I), and 4-hydroxy-2-nonylquinoline N-oxide. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Mol & Microbiol Dept, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NIDDK, DHHS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Royt, PW (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Mol & Microbiol Dept, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM proyt@gmu.edu OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0045-2068 J9 BIOORG CHEM JI Bioorganic Chem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 175 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.bioorg.2006.10.004 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 154RT UT WOS:000245525900006 PM 17126377 ER PT J AU Todd, BJ Valentine, PC Longva, O Shaw, J AF Todd, Brian J. Valentine, Page C. Longva, Oddvar Shaw, John TI Glacial landforms on German Bank, Scotian Shelf: evidence for Late Wisconsinan ice-sheet dynamics and implications for the formation of De Geer moraines SO BOREAS LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; DEGEER MORAINES; NOVA-SCOTIA; ATLANTIC CANADA; MARITIME CANADA; MEGUMA TERRANE; LAURENTIDE; HISTORY; STREAMS; MAINE AB The extent and behaviour of the southeast margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in Atlantic Canada is of significance in the study of Late Wisconsinan ice sheet-ocean interactions. Multibeam sonar imagery of subglacial, ice-marginal and glaciomarine landforms on German Bank, Scotian Shelf, provides evidence of the pattern of glacialdynamic events in the eastern Gulf of Maine. Northwest -southeast trending drumlins and megaflutes dominate northern German Bank. On southern German Bank, megaflutes of thin glacial deposits create a distinct northwest -southeast grain. Lobate regional moraines (>10km long) are concave to the northwest, up-ice direction and strike southwest -northeast, normal to the direction of ice flow. Ubiquitous, overlying De Geer moraines ( < 10 km long) also strike southwest -northeast. The mapped pattern of moraines implies that, shortly after the last maximum glaciation, the tidewater ice sheet began to retreat north from German Bank, forming De Geer moraines at the grounding line with at least one glacial re-advance during the general retreat. The results indicate that the Laurentide Ice Sheet extended onto the continental shelf. C1 Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Norwegian Geol Survey, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. RP Todd, BJ (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM Brian.Todd@NRCan.gc.ca; pvalentine@usgs.gov; oddvar.longva@ngu.no; John.Shaw@NRCan.gc.ca NR 72 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0300-9483 EI 1502-3885 J9 BOREAS JI Boreas PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 148 EP 169 DI 10.1080/03009480600992050 PG 22 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 164SF UT WOS:000246253800004 ER PT J AU Hough, SE Pande, P AF Hough, Susan E. Pande, Prabhas TI Quantifying the media bias in intensity surveys: Lessons from the 2001 Bhuj, India, earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STRONG GROUND MOTION; M-W 7.6; MAGNITUDES AB Many seismologists have looked at the 26 January 2001 Bhuj earthquake as a key modem calibration event that could be used to improve estimates of magnitudes of large historic mainshocks in stable continental regions. Since no instrumental data are available for important historic events such as the 1819 Allah Bund, India, and the 1811-1812 New Madrid, central U.S. mainshocks, calibration hinges on comparisons of the macroseismic effects of these earthquakes with those of comparable modem earthquakes for which a reliable, instrumentally determined moment magnitude is available. However, although such a comparison is conceptually straightforward, in practice it is complicated by potentially significant inconsistencies in methods used to quantify macroseismic effects in different regions and/or times. For the Bhuj earthquake, extensive intensity data sets have been compiled and published from both media accounts and detailed direct surveys. Comparing the two provides a quantification of the previously suspected media bias, whereby earthquake effects can be exaggerated in media accounts. This bias is a strong function of intensity level, with substantial bias at the highest shaking levels and significantly less bias at low intensities. Because only sparse documentary data are in general available for older historic earthquakes, the results of this study suggest that their inferred intensity distributions might be similarly biased. We further use the survey-based intensity values to develop a new relationship between intensities and ground motions. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. Geol Survey India, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2007 VL 97 IS 2 BP 638 EP 645 DI 10.1785/0120060072 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 154EV UT WOS:000245490500020 ER PT J AU Sherrod, DR Murai, T Tagami, T AF Sherrod, David R. Murai, Takashi Tagami, Takahiro TI New K-Ar ages for calculating end-of-shield extrusion rates at West Maui volcano, Hawaiian island chain SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE K-Ar dating; shield volcanoes; Hawaiian Islands; Hawaii; Maui; West Maui volcano ID POTASSIUM-ARGON AGES; MAGMA SUPPLY RATE; KILAUEA VOLCANO; LAVAS; ROCKS AB Thirty-seven new K-Ar ages from West Maui volcano, Hawai'i, are used to define the waning stages of shield growth and a brief episode of postshield volcanism. All but two samples from shield-stage strata have reversed polarity magnetization, so conceivably the exposed shield is not much older than the Olduvai Normal-Polarity subchron, or about 1.8 Ma. The oldest ages obtained are in the range 1.9-2.1 Ma but have large analytical error. Shield volcanism ended about 1.35 Ma, and postshield volcanism followed soon thereafter, persisting until about 1.2 Ma. Exposed shield-stage strata were emplaced at a rate of about 0.001 km(3) per year, a rate smaller than historic Hawaiian magmatic rates by a factor of 100. Stratigraphic accumulation rates are similar to those measured previously at Wai'anae volcano (O'ahu) or the upper part of the Mauna Kea shield sequence (Hilo drill core, Hawai'i). These rates diminish sharply during the final 0.3-0.5 m.y. of the shield stage. Hawaiian shield volcanoes begin waning well before their last 0.5 m.y. of life, then end quickly, geologically speaking, if West Maui is representative. C1 US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. Kyoto Univ, Div Earth & Planetary Sci, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Sherrod, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM dsherrod@usgs.gov; murai.takashi@nagoya.west.ntt.co.jp; tagami@kueps.kyoto-u.ac.jp NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 69 IS 6 BP 627 EP 642 DI 10.1007/s00445-006-0099-9 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 154EY UT WOS:000245490800003 ER PT J AU Lodato, L Spampinato, L Harris, A Calvari, S Dehn, J Patrick, M AF Lodato, L. Spampinato, L. Harris, A. Calvari, S. Dehn, J. Patrick, M. TI The morphology and evolution of the Stromboli 2002-2003 lava flow field: an example of a basaltic flow field emplaced on a steep slope SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lava flow field; morphology; Tumuli; lava tubes; effusion rate; rheology; Stromboli volcano ID MOUNT-ETNA; KILAUEA VOLCANO; ARENAL-VOLCANO; COSTA-RICA; MAUNA-ULU; HAWAII; DYNAMICS; ERUPTION; TUMULI; MECHANISMS AB The use of a hand-held thermal camera during the 2002-2003 Stromboli effusive eruption proved essential in tracking the development of flow field structures and in measuring related eruption parameters, such as the number of active vents and flow lengths. The steep underlying slope on which the flow field was emplaced resulted in a characteristic flow field morphology. This comprised a proximal shield, where flow stacking and inflation caused piling up of lava on the relatively flat ground of the vent zone, that fed a medial-distal lava flow field. This zone was characterized by the formation of lava tubes and tumuli forming a complex network of tumuli and flows linked by tubes. Most of the flow field was emplaced on extremely steep slopes and this had two effects. It caused flows to slide, as well as flow, and flow fronts to fail frequently, persistent flow front crumbling resulted in the production of an extensive debris field. Channel-fed flows were also characterized by development of excavated debris levees in this zone (Calvari et al. 2005). Collapse of lava flow fronts and inflation of the upper proximal lava shield made volume calculation very difficult. Comparison of the final field volume with that expecta by integrating the lava effusion rates through time suggests a loss of similar to 70% erupted lava by flow front crumbling and accumulation as debris flows below sea level. Derived relationships between effusion rate, flow length, and number of active vents showed systematic and correlated variations with time where spreading of volume between numerous flows caused an otherwise good correlation between effusion rate, flow length to break down. Observations collected during this eruption are useful in helping to understand lava flow processes on steep slopes, as well as in interpreting old lava-debris sequences found in other steep-sided volcanoes subject to effusive activity. C1 Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy. Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, HIGP, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Lodato, L (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Catania, Piazza Roma 2, I-95123 Catania, Italy. EM lodato@ct.ingv.it RI Calvari, Sonia/A-3465-2013; OI Calvari, Sonia/0000-0001-8189-5499; Spampinato, Letizia/0000-0002-0809-9135 NR 30 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 69 IS 6 BP 661 EP 679 DI 10.1007/s00445-006-0101-6 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 154EY UT WOS:000245490800005 ER PT J AU Maule, AG Gannam, AL Davis, JW AF Maule, Alec G. Gannam, Ann L. Davis, Jay W. TI Chemical contaminants in fish feeds used in federal salmonid hatcheries in the USA SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE organochlorines; metals; fish ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; ANADROMOUS ARCTIC CHARR; FARMED SALMON; INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALAR; ACCUMULATION; RESISTANCE; RESPONSES AB Recent studies have demonstrated that fish feeds contain significant concentrations of contaminants, many of which can bioaccumulate and bioconcentrate in fish. Organochlorine (OC) contaminants are present in the fish oils and fish meals used in feed manufacture, and some researchers speculate that all fish feeds contain measurable levels of some contaminants. To determine the concentration of contaminants in feeds used in US Fish and Wildlife Service's National Fish Hatcheries, we systematically collected samples of feed from I I cold-water fish hatcheries. All samples (collected from October 2001 to October 2003) contained at least one polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener, or dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) metabolite. Of the 55 samples in which they were analyzed 39 contained PCDDs, 24 contained PCDFs and 24 contained DDT or its metabolites. There were 10- to 150-fold differences in concentrations of total PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs and DDT. Although PCBs were the most commonly detected contaminant in our study, concentrations (range: 0.07-10.46 ng g(-1) wet weight) were low compared to those reported previously. In general, we also found lower levels of OCs than reported previously in fish feed. Perhaps most notable was the near absence of OC pesticides - except for DDT or its metabolites, and two samples containing hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). While contaminant concentrations were generally low, the ecological impacts can not be determined without a measure of the bioaccumulation of these compounds in the fish and the fate of these compounds after the fish are released. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USGS BRD, WFRC, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. RP Maule, AG (reprint author), USGS BRD, WFRC, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwater Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM alec_maule@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD APR PY 2007 VL 67 IS 7 BP 1308 EP 1315 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.11.029 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 154SX UT WOS:000245529100006 PM 17222889 ER PT J AU Martin, J Kitchens, WM Hines, JE AF Martin, Julien Kitchens, Wiley M. Hines, James E. TI Importance of well-designed monitoring programs for the conservation of endangered species: Case study of the snail kite SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE capture-recapture models; population decline; Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus; superpopulation approach ID FLORIDA AB Monitoring natural populations is often a necessary step to establish the conservation status Of species and to help improve management decisions. Nevertheless, many monitoring programs do not effectively address primary sources of variability in monitoring data, which ultimately may limit the utility of monitoring in identifying declines and improving management. To illustrate the importance of taking into account detectability and spatial variation, we used a recently proposed estimator of abundance (superpopulation estimator) to estimate population size of and number of young produced by the Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) in Florida. During the last decade, primary recovery targets set by the US. Fish and Wildlife Service for the Snail Kite that were based on deficient monitoring programs (i.e., uncorrected counts) were close to being met (by simply increasing search effort during count surveys). During that same period, the Snail Kite population declined dramatically (by 55% from 1997 to 2005) and the number of young decreased by 70% between 1992-1998 and 1999-2005. Our results provide a strong practical case in favor of the argument that investing a sufficient amount of time and resources into designing and implementing monitoring programs that carefully address detectability and spatial variation is critical for the conservation of endangered species. C1 Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USGS, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Martin, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Bldg 810, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM martinj@wec.ufl.edu NR 19 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 31 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 BP 472 EP 481 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00613.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 153LY UT WOS:000245438200023 PM 17391197 ER PT J AU Kinkead, KE Abbott, AG Otis, DL AF Kinkead, K. E. Abbott, A. G. Otis, D. L. TI Genetic variation among Ambystoma breeding populations on the savannah river site SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE AFLP; Ambystoma; population; salamander ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; DNA HAPLOTYPES; AFLP MARKERS; SALAMANDER; FROG; DIFFERENTIATION; CONSERVATION; WETLANDS; METAPOPULATION; PERSISTENCE AB We surveyed 16 Carolina bay breeding ponds for Ambystoma salamanders. Tail tissue samples were collected from adult and juvenile mole salamanders (A. talpoideum), marbled salamanders (A. opacum), and spotted salamanders (A. maculatum) captured leaving the Carolina bays. We used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) to determine the genetic variation associated with the breeding populations. The Carolina bays could be considered as individual populations, metapopulation groups, or as one big metapopulation depending on gene flow between these bays. Bays range from less than 100 m apart to more than 24 km apart, much further than any reported movement for these species. Animals were marked in the field. We documented little movement of salamanders between breeding locations. Using 392 polymorphic bands produced with the AFLP technique, we were able to separate the samples into the correct species from which the tissues were collected. However, within species analyses failed to find structure associated with populations of salamanders. We failed to document a correlation between geographic and genetic distance (Mantel r = 0.05235, P=0.6800 for mole salamanders; r = 0.46077, P=0.9547 for marbled salamanders). Only 27.8% of mole salamanders and 60.9% of marbled salamanders were assigned back to the population of capture. The majority of the genetic variation was attributable to the individual as opposed to the population. The results of this study suggest that while the majority of these salamanders may be philopatric, some mixing maybe occurring or alternatively, that these populations have not been genetically isolated for sufficient time to develop unique genotypes through drift. C1 Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Genet & Biochem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, USGS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kinkead, KE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, USGS, 339 Sci II, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kkinkead@iastate.edu NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD APR PY 2007 VL 8 IS 2 BP 281 EP 292 DI 10.1007/s10592-006-9168-z PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 142XU UT WOS:000244685400003 ER PT J AU Liu, WC Chen, WB Cheng, RT Hsu, MH Kuo, AY AF Liu, Wen-Cheng Chen, Wei-Bo Cheng, Ralph T. Hsu, Ming-Hsi Kuo, Albert Y. TI Modeling the influence of river discharge on salt intrusion and residual circulation in Danshuei River estuary, Taiwan SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE 3-D model; residual circulation; salt intrusion; Danshuei River estuarine system and coastal sea; freshwater discharge ID SHALLOW-WATER FLOW; FREE-SURFACE FLOWS; TANSHUI RIVER; BAY; HYDRODYNAMICS; EQUATIONS AB A 3-D, time-dependent, baroclinic, hydrodynamic and salinity model was implemented and applied to the Danshuei River estuarine system and the adjacent coastal sea in Taiwan. The model forcing functions consist of tidal elevations along the open boundaries and freshwater inflows from the main stream and major tributaries in the Danshuei River estuarine system. The bottom friction coefficient was adjusted to achieve model calibration and verification in model simulations of barotropic and baroclinic flows. The turbulent diffusivities were ascertained through comparison of simulated salinity time series with observations. The model simulation results are in qualitative agreement with the available field data. The validated model was then used to investigate the influence of freshwater discharge on residual current and salinity intrusion under different freshwater inflow condition in the Danshuei River estuarine system. The model results reveal that the characteristic two-layered estuarine circulation prevails most of the time at Kuan-Du station near the river mouth. Comparing the estuarine circulation under low- and mean flow conditions, the circulation strengthens during low-flow period and its strength decreases at moderate river discharge. The river discharge is a dominating factor affecting the salinity intrusion in the estuarine system. A correlation between the distance of salt intrusion and freshwater discharge has been established allowing prediction of salt intrusion for different inflow conditions. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl United Univ, Dept Civil & Disaster Prevent Engn, Miaoli 36003, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Bioenvironm Syst Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Natl Ctr Ocean Res, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Liu, WC (reprint author), Natl United Univ, Dept Civil & Disaster Prevent Engn, Miaoli 36003, Taiwan. EM wcliu@nuu.edu.tw RI Hsu, Ming-Hsi/E-8153-2010 OI Hsu, Ming-Hsi/0000-0002-8732-7449 NR 34 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 7 BP 900 EP 921 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2006.12.005 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 162AH UT WOS:000246058100002 ER PT J AU Frey, JK Bogan, MA Yates, TL AF Frey, Jennifer K. Bogan, Michael A. Yates, Terry L. TI Mountaintop island age determines species richness of boreal mammals in the American Southwest SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID INSULAR BIOGEOGRAPHY; AREA RELATIONSHIP; FOREST MAMMALS; GREAT; VICARIANCE; PARADIGM AB Models that describe the mechanisms responsible for insular patterns of species richness include the equilibrium theory of island biogeography and the nonequilibrium vicariance model. The relative importance of dispersal or vicariance in structuring insular distribution patterns can be inferred from these models. Predictions of the alternative models were tested for boreal mammals in the American Southwest. Age of mountaintop islands of boreal habitat was determined by constructing a geographic cladogram based on characteristics of intervening valley barriers. Other independent variables included area and isolation of mountaintop islands. Island age was the most important predictor of species richness. In contrast with previous studies of species richness patterns in this system, these results supported the nonequilibrium vicariance model, which indicates that vicariance has been the primary determinant of species distribution patterns in this system. C1 Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Frey, JK (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, POB 30003,Campus Box 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jfrey@nmsu.edu RI Frey, Jennifer/F-8945-2011 OI Frey, Jennifer/0000-0002-0122-2567 NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD APR PY 2007 VL 30 IS 2 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1111/j.2007.0906-7590.04721.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155UN UT WOS:000245604000007 ER PT J AU Alldredge, MW Simons, TR Pollock, KH AF Alldredge, Mathew W. Simons, Theodore R. Pollock, Kenneth H. TI Factors affecting aural detections of songbirds SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE auditory detection; detection probability; observer differences; point counts; singing rate; species difference; warblers ID ESTIMATING DETECTION PROBABILITIES; BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; OBSERVER DIFFERENCES; POINT COUNTS; SONG; ABUNDANCE; RATES AB Many factors affect the number of birds detected on point count surveys of breeding songbirds. The magnitude and importance of these factors are not well understood. We used a bird song simulation system to quantify the effects of detection distance, singing rate, species differences, and observer differences on detection probabilities of birds detected by ear. We simulated 40 point counts consisting of 10 birds per count for five primary species ( Black- and- white Warbler Mniotilta varia, Black- throated Blue Warbler Dendroica caerulescens, Black- throated Green Warbler Dendroica virens, Hooded Warbler Wilsonia citrina, and Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapillus) over a range of 15 distances ( 34 - 143 m). Songs were played at low ( two songs per count) and high ( 13 - 21 songs per count) singing rates. Detection probabilities averaged across observers ranged from 0.60 ( Black- and- white Warbler) to 0.83 ( Hooded Warbler) at the high singing rate and 0.41 ( Black- and- white Warbler) to 0.67 ( Hooded Warbler) at the low singing rate. Logistic regression analyses indicated that species, singing rate, distance, and observer were all significant factors affecting detection probabilities. Singing rate 3 species and singing rate 3 distance interactions were also signi. cant. Simulations of expected counts, based on the best logistic model, indicated that observers detected between 19% ( for the worst observer, lowest singing rate, and least detectable species) and 65% ( for the best observer, highest singing rate, and most detectable species) of the true population. Detection probabilities on actual point count surveys are likely to vary even more because many sources of variability were controlled in our experiments. These findings strongly support the importance of adjusting measures of avian diversity or abundance from auditory point counts with direct estimates of detection probability. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Alldredge, MW (reprint author), Colorado Div Wildlife, 317 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mat.alldredge@state.co.us NR 34 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 6 U2 43 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 948 EP 955 DI 10.1890/06-0685 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157TS UT WOS:000245744500026 PM 17494409 ER PT J AU Dunn, RR Parker, CR Geraghty, M Sanders, NJ AF Dunn, Robert R. Parker, Charles R. Geraghty, Melissa Sanders, Nathan J. TI Reproductive phenologies in a diverse temperate ant fauna SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ant diversity; Formicidae; life history evolution; mating; reproduction ID HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; ASSEMBLAGE; MALES AB 1. Ant nuptial flights are central to understanding ant life history and ecology but have been little studied. This study examined the timing of nuptial flights, the synchronicity of nuptial flights (as a potential index of mating strategy), and variation in nuptial flights with elevation and among years in a diverse temperate ant fauna. 2. Flights occurred throughout the year, but were concentrated in the beginning of summer and in early fall (autumn). Relative to the entire flight season, closely related species tended to be more likely than expected by chance to fly at similar times, perhaps because of phylogenetic constraints on life history evolution. 3. Flights were relatively synchronous within species for nearly all species considered, but synchronicity did not appear to be a robust estimate of overall mating strategy. 4. Overall patterns in nuptial flights among species and the timing of flights for individual species varied with elevation, but did not vary greatly among years. 5. Although this study is one of the most comprehensive on the reproductive flight phenologies of ants, much remains to be learned about the causes and consequences of such spatial and temporal variation in flight phenology. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Smokies Field Stn, Gatlinburg, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Dunn, RR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Rob_Dunn@ncsu.edu RI Sanders, Nathan/A-6945-2009; Dunn, Robert/B-1360-2013 OI Sanders, Nathan/0000-0001-6220-6731; NR 18 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 2 BP 135 EP 142 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 150ON UT WOS:000245226200001 ER PT J AU Meador, MR Carlisle, DM AF Meador, Michael R. Carlisle, Daren M. TI Quantifying tolerance indicator values for common stream fish species of the United States SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE fish; tolerance values; biological assessment; streams AB The classification of fish species tolerance to environmental disturbance is often used as a means to assess ecosystem conditions. Its use, however, may be problematic because the approach to tolerance classification is based on subjective judgment. We analyzed fish and physicochemical data from 773 stream sites collected as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program to calculate tolerance indicator values for 10 physicochemical variables using weighted averaging. Tolerance indicator values (TIVs) for ammonia, chloride, dissolved oxygen, nitrite plus nitrate, pH, phosphorus, specific conductance, sulfate, suspended sediment, and water temperature were calculated for 105 common fish species of the United States. Tolerance indicator values for specific conductance and Sulfate were correlated (rho = 0.87), and thus, fish species may be co-tolerant to these water-quality variables. We integrated TIVs for each species into an overall tolerance classification for comparisons with judgment-based tolerance classifications. Principal components analysis indicated that the distinction between tolerant and intolerant classifications was determined largely by tolerance to suspended sediment, specific conductance, chloride, and total phosphorus. Factors such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH may not be as important in distinguishing between tolerant and intolerant classifications, but may help to segregate species classified as moderate. Empirically derived tolerance classifications were 58.8% in agreement with judgment-derived tolerance classifications. Canonical discriminant analysis revealed that few TIVs, primarily chloride, could discriminate among judgment-derived tolerance classifications of tolerant, moderate, and intolerant. To our knowledge, this is the first empirically based understanding of fish species tolerance for stream fishes in the United States. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Meador, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Vallely Dr,MS 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mrmeador@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD APR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 329 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2006.02.004 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 141NM UT WOS:000244585600010 ER PT J AU Chong, GW Stohlgren, TJ AF Chong, Geneva W. Stohlgren, Thomas J. TI Species-area curves indicate the importance of habitats' contributions to regional biodiversity SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE habitat; heterogeneity; Jaccard's coefficients; plant diversity; species-area curves ID DIVERSITY; VEGETATION; PATTERNS AB We examined species-area curves, species composition and similarity (Jaccard's coefficients), and species richness in 17 vegetation types to develop a composite index of a vegetation type's contribution to regional species richness. We collected data from 1 to 1000 m(2) scales in 147 nested plots in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA to compare three species-area curve models' abilities to estimate the number of species observed in each vegetation type. The log(species)-log(area) curve had the largest adjusted coefficients of determination (r(2) values) in 12 of the 17 types, followed by the species-log(area) curve with five of the highest values. When the slopes of the curves were corrected for species overlap among plots with Jaccard's coefficients, the species-log(area) curves estimated values closest to those observed. We combined information from species-area curves and measures of heterogeneity with information on the area covered by each vegetation type and found that the types making the greatest contributions to regional biodiversity covered the smallest areas. This approach may provide an accurate and relatively rapid way to rank hotspots of plant diversity within regions of interest. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Chong, GW (reprint author), No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, MSU AJM Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM geneva_chong@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD APR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 387 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2006.03.002 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 141NM UT WOS:000244585600014 ER PT J AU Church, DR Bailey, LL Wilbur, HM Kendall, WL Hines, JE AF Church, Don R. Bailey, Larissa L. Wilbur, Henry M. Kendall, William L. Hines, James E. TI Iteroparity in the variable environment of the salamander Ambystoma tigrinum SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma tigrinum; breeding probability; cost of reproduction; environmental variability; iteroparity; movement; multistate mark-recapture methods; skipping reproduction; survival ID NOTOPHTHALMUS-VIRIDESCENS RAFINESQUE; RED-SPOTTED NEWT; HUSTING DILEMMA; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; METHODOLOGICAL NOTE; TIGER SALAMANDER; META-POPULATION; ROBUST DESIGN; LIFE-HISTORY; VARIABILITY AB Simultaneous estimation of survival, reproduction, and movement is essential to understanding how species maximize lifetime reproduction in environments that vary across space and time. We conducted a four-year, capture - recapture study of three populations of eastern tiger salamanders ( Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum) and used multistate mark - recapture statistical methods to estimate the manner in which movement, survival, and breeding probabilities vary under different environmental conditions across years and among populations and habitats. We inferred how individuals may mitigate risks of mortality and reproductive failure by deferring breeding or by moving among populations. Movement probabilities among populations were extremely low despite high spatiotemporal variation in reproductive success and survival, suggesting possible costs to movements among breeding ponds. Breeding probabilities varied between wet and dry years and according to whether or not breeding was attempted in the previous year. Estimates of survival in the nonbreeding, forest habitat varied among populations but were consistent across time. Survival in breeding ponds was generally high in years with average or high precipitation, except for males in an especially ephemeral pond. A drought year incurred severe survival costs in all ponds to animals that attempted breeding. Female salamanders appear to defer these episodic survival costs of breeding by choosing not to breed in years when the risk of adult mortality is high. Using stochastic simulations of survival and breeding under historical climate conditions, we found that an interaction between breeding probabilities and mortality limits the probability of multiple breeding attempts differently between the sexes and among populations. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Conservat Int, Reg Programs Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Church, DR (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Gilmer Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM d.church@conservation.org RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 NR 48 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 33 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2007 VL 88 IS 4 BP 891 EP 903 DI 10.1890/06-0896 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 162QV UT WOS:000246104600010 PM 17536706 ER PT J AU Feller, IC Lovelock, CE Mckee, KL AF Feller, Ilka C. Lovelock, Catherine E. Mckee, Karen L. TI Nutrient addition differentially affects ecological processes of Avicennia germinans in nitrogen versus phosphorus limited mangrove ecosystems SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Avicennia germinans; Belize; fertilization experiment; growth; herbivory; Indian River Lagoon; loss of yield; nutrient resorption; biomass allocation; nutrient over-enrichment ID INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; N-P RATIOS; RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; FOREST STRUCTURE; GROWTH; LIMITATION; FLORIDA; PLANTS; ENRICHMENT; HERBIVORY AB Nutrient over-enrichment is a major threat to marine environments, but system-specific attributes of coastal ecosystems may result in differences in their sensitivity and susceptibility to eutrophication. We used fertilization experiments in nitrogen (N)- and phosphorus (P)-limited mangrove forests to test the hypothesis that alleviating different kinds of nutrient limitation may have different effects on ecosystem structure and function in natural systems. We compared a broad range of ecological processes to determine if these systems have different thresholds where shifts might occur in nutrient limitation. Growth responses indicated N limitation in Avicennia germinans (black mangrove) forests in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida, and P limitation at Twin Cays, Belize. When nutrient deficiency was relieved, A. germinans grew out of its stunted form by increasing wood relative to leaf biomass and shoot length relative to lateral growth. At the P-limited site, P enrichment (+P) increased specific leaf area, N resorption, and P uptake, but had no effect on P resorption. At the N-limited site, +N increased both N and P resorption, but did not alter biomass allocation. Herbivory was greater at the P-limited site and was unaffected by +P, whereas +N led to increased herbivory at the N-limited site. The responses to nutrient enrichment depended on the ecological process and limiting nutrient and suggested that N- versus P-limited mangroves do have different thresholds. +P had a greater effect on more ecological processes at Twin Cays than did +N at the IRL, which indicated that the P-limited site was more sensitive to nutrient loading. Because of this sensitivity, eutrophication is more likely to cause a shift in nutrient limitation at P-limited Twin Cays than N-limited IRL. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Smithsonian Inst, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Feller, IC (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Smithsonian Inst, 647 Contees Wharf Rd,POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM felleri@si.edu RI McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014; Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012; OI McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X; Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855; Feller, Ilka/0000-0002-6391-1608 NR 51 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 65 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD APR PY 2007 VL 10 IS 3 BP 347 EP 359 DI 10.1007/s10021-007-9025-z PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 202NX UT WOS:000248911400001 ER PT J AU Squillace, PJ Moran, MJ AF Squillace, Paul J. Moran, Michael J. TI Factors associated with sources, transport, and fate of volatile organic compounds and their mixtures in aquifers of the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; WATER; QUALITY; NITRATE; WELLS AB Factors associated with sources, transport, and fate of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in groundwater from aquifers throughout the United States were evaluated using statistical methods. Samples were collected from 1631 wells throughout the conterminous United States between 1996 and 2002 as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Water samples from wells completed in aquifers used to supply drinking water were analyzed for more than 50 VOCs. Wells were primarily rural domestic water supplies (1184), followed by public water supplies (216); the remaining wells (231) supplied a variety of uses. The median well depth was 50 meters. Age-date information shows that about 60% of the samples had a fraction of water recharged after 1953. Chloroform, toluene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and perchloroethene were some of the frequently detected VOCs. Concentrations generally were less than 1 mu g/L. Source factors include, in order of importance, general land-use activity, septic/sewer density, and sites where large concentrations of VOCs are potentially released, such as leaking underground storage tanks. About 10% of all samples had VOC mixtures that were associated with concentrated sources; 20% were associated with dispersed sources. Important transport factors included well/screen depth, precipitation/groundwater recharge, air temperature, and various soil characteristics. Dissolved oxygen was strongly associated with VOCs and represents the fate of many VOCs in groundwater. Well type (domestic or public water supply) was also an important explanatory factor. Results of multiple analyses show the importance of (1) accounting for both dispersed and concentrated sources of VOCs, (2) measuring dissolved oxygen when sampling wells to help explain the fate of VOCs, and (3) limiting the type of wells sampled in monitoring networks to avoid unnecessary variance in the data, or controlling for this variance during data analysis. C1 US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Moran, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1608 Mt View Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM mjmoran@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2123 EP 2130 DI 10.1021/es061079w PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 150ZU UT WOS:000245258900015 PM 17438752 ER PT J AU Kalnejais, LH Martin, WR Signall, RP Bothner, MH AF Kalnejais, Linda H. Martin, William R. Signall, Richard P. Bothner, Michael H. TI Role of sediment resuspension in the remobilization of particulate-phase metals from coastal sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOSTON HARBOR; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; SEWAGE OUTFALL; TRACE-METALS; MASSACHUSETTS; BAY; MANGANESE; BOTTOM AB The release of particulate-phase trace metals due to sediment resuspension has been investigated by combining erosion chamber experiments that apply a range of shear stresses typically encountered in coastal environments with a shear stress record simulated by a hydrodynamic model. Two sites with contrasting sediment chemistry were investigated. Sediment particles enriched in silver, copper, and lead, 4-50 times greater than the bulk surface-sediment content, were the first particles to be eroded. As the shear-stress level was increased in the chamber, the total mass eroded increased, but the enrichment of these trace metals fell, approaching the bulk-sediment content. From the temporal distribution of shear stress generated by the hydrodynamic model for a site in Boston Harbor, resuspension fluxes were estimated. The erosion threshold of this site is exceeded during spring tides, releasing the particles enriched in trace metals into the water column. Due to the higher trace metal content and the regularity of resuspension, low-energy resuspension events (up to a shear stress of 0.2 N/m(2)) contribute up to 60% of the resuspension metal flux in an average year. The estimated annual quantity of copper and lead resuspended into the water column is higher than estimates of the total riverine flux for these metals. These results indicate that sediment resuspension is a very important mechanism for releasing metals into the water column and provide new insight into the chemical and physical processes controlling the long-term fate of trace metals in contaminated sediments. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Kalnejais, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM linda_k@alum.mit.edu RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; OI Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613 NR 30 TC 47 Z9 64 U1 6 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2282 EP 2288 DI 10.1021/es061770z PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 150ZU UT WOS:000245258900039 PM 17438776 ER PT J AU Karasov, WH Kenow, KP Meyer, MW Fournier, F AF Karasov, William H. Kenow, Kevin P. Meyer, Michael W. Fournier, Francois TI Bioenergetic and pharmacokinetic model for exposure of common loon (Gavia immer) chicks to methylmercury SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bioaccumulation; energetics; growth; mercury; pharmocokinetics ID MERCURY EXPOSURE; DOSE-RESPONSE; PATTERNS; ENERGETICS; EXCRETION; SURVIVAL; KINETICS; CANADA; GROWTH; BIRDS AB A bioenergetics model was used to predict food intake of common loon (Gavia immer) chicks as a function of body mass during development, and a pharmacokinetics model, based on first-order kinetics in a single compartment, was used to predict blood Hg level as a function of food intake rate, food Hg content, body mass, and Hg absorption and elimination. Predictions were tested in captive growing chicks fed trout (Sahno gairdneri) with average MeHg concentrations of 0.02 (control), 0.4, and 1.2 tg/g wet mass (delivered as CH3HgCl). Predicted food intake matched observed intake through 50 d of age but then exceeded observed intake by an amount that grew progressively larger with age, reaching a significant overestimate of 28% by the end of the trial. Respiration in older, nongrowing birds probably was overestimated by using rates measured in younger, growing birds. Close agreement was found between simulations and measured blood Hg, which varied significantly with dietary Hg and age. Although chicks may hatch with different blood Hg levels, their blood level is determined mainly by dietary Hg level beyond approximately two weeks of age. The model also may be useful for predicting Hg levels in adults and in the eggs that they lay, but its accuracy in both chicks and adults needs to be tested in free-living birds. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Karasov, WH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 226 Russell Labs, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM wkarasov@wisc.edu OI Kenow, Kevin/0000-0002-3062-5197 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 677 EP 685 DI 10.1897/06-262.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 146MJ UT WOS:000244938200013 PM 17447552 ER PT J AU Sweka, JA Smith, DR Millard, MJ AF Sweka, John A. Smith, David R. Millard, Michael J. TI An age-structured population model for horseshoe crabs in the Delaware Bay area to assess harvest and egg availability for shorebirds SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID LIMULUS-POLYPHEMUS; SITE SELECTION; PLEASANT BAY; CAPE-COD; ABUNDANCE; STOPOVER; BIOLOGY AB The objective of this simulation study was to create an age-structured population model for horseshoe crabs (Limulus Polyphemus) in the Delaware Bay region using best available estimates of age-specific mortality and recent harvest levels. Density dependence was incorporated using a spatial model relating egg mortality with abundance of spawning females. Combinations of annual female harvest (0, 50, 100, and 200 thousand), timing of female harvest (before or after spawning), and three levels of density-dependent egg mortality were simulated. The probability of the population increasing was high (> 80%) with low and medium egg mortality and harvest less than 200 thousand females per year. Under the high egg mortality case, the probability of the population increasing was < 50% regardless of harvest. Harvest occurring after spawning increased the probability of population growth. The number of eggs available to shorebirds was highest when egg mortality was lowest and female abundance was at its highest levels. Although harvest and egg mortality influenced population growth and food availability to shorebirds, sensitivity and elasticity analyses showed that early-life stage mortality, age 0 mortality in particular, was the most important parameter for population growth. Our modeling results indicate areas where further research is needed and suggest effective management will involve a combination of harvest management and actions to increase early juvenile survival. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25403 USA. RP Sweka, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, POB 75, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM John_Sweka@fws.gov NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD APR PY 2007 VL 30 IS 2 BP 277 EP 286 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 176HN UT WOS:000247075600007 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, David R. TI Effect of horseshoe crab spawning density on nest disturbance and exhumation of eggs: A simulation study SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID DELAWARE BAY; LIMULUS-POLYPHEMUS; BEACH CHARACTERISTICS; ESTUARINE BEACH; CAPE-COD; POPULATION; ABUNDANCE; SHOREBIRDS; SEDIMENT; DECLINE AB Because the Delaware Bay horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) population is managed to provide for dependent species, such as migratory shorebirds, there is a need to understand the process of egg exhumation and to predict eggs available to foraging shorebirds. A simple spatial model was used to simulate horseshoe crab spawning that would occur on a typical Delaware Bay beach during spring tide cycles to quantify density-dependent nest disturbance. At least 20% of nests and eggs were disturbed for levels of spawning greater than one third of the average density in Delaware Bay during 2004. Nest disturbance increased approximately linearly as spawning density increased from one half to twice the 2004 level. As spawning density increased further, the percentage of eggs that were disturbed reached an asymptote of 70% for densities up to 10 times the density in 2004. Nest disturbance was heaviest in the mid beach zone. Nest disturbance precedes entrainment and begins the process of exhumation of eggs to surface sediments. Model predictions were combined with observations from egg surveys to estimate a snap-shot exhumation rate of 5-9% of disturbed eggs., Because an unknown quantity of eggs were exhumed and removed from the beach prior to the survey, cumulative exhumation rate was likely to have been higher than the snap-shot estimate. Because egg exhumation is density-dependent, in addition to managing for a high population size, identification and conservation of beaches where spawning horseshoe crabs concentrate in high densities (i.e., hot spots) are important steps toward providing a reliable food supply for migratory shorebirds. C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM drsmith@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD APR PY 2007 VL 30 IS 2 BP 287 EP 295 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 176HN UT WOS:000247075600008 ER PT J AU Buzzelli, C Holland, AF Sanger, DM Conrads, PC AF Buzzelli, Christopher Holland, A. Frederick Sanger, Denise M. Conrads, Paul C. TI Hydrographic characterization of two tidal creeks with implications for watershed land use, flushing times, and benthic production SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID SALT-MARSH-ESTUARY; CAROLINA COASTAL ESTUARIES; SOUTH-CAROLINA; RESIDENCE TIME; RIVER ESTUARY; ECOSYSTEM; LANDSCAPE; SEDIMENTS; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN AB Many coastal ecosystems are undergoing anthropogenic stress from large increases in population and urbanization. In many regions changes in freshwater and material inputs to the coastal zone are altering the biogeochemical and biological capacities of ecosystems. Despite increased watershed inputs, large tidal volumes and flushing indicative of macrotidal estuaries can modulate the fate of introduced materials masking some of the symptoms of eutrophication. The Land Use Coastal Ecosystem Study (LU-CES) examined linkages between land use and environmental properties of Malind and Okatee Creeks in South Carolina from 2001 to 2004. ne objectives of this particular study were to assess the hydrography of the two macrotidal creek ecosystems, explore differences in dissolved oxygen (DO), and develop a better understanding of the variations in primary and benthic secondary production in southeastern creek ecosystems. Depth, pH, salinity, and DO were reduced and more variable in Malind Creek than in Okatee Creek, although both creeks had strong semidiurnal frequencies in salinity time signatures. While time series analyses of DO saturation in Malind Creek revealed a dominant semidiurnal pattern, Okatee Creek had a distinctly diel DO pattern. The strongly semidiurnal fluctuations in DO and reduced flushing time indicated that biological processes were not fast enough to influence DO in Malind Creek. The Okatee Creek system had a much greater storage volume, a wider marsh, and a dominant 25-h DO frequency. These attributes contributed to an estimated 8-10 times more phytoplankton-based carbon in Okatee Creek and twice the annual benthic production. As expected from their proximity to the upland, low surface area, and high organic content, both ecosystems were net heterotrophic. This fundamental understanding of tidal creek hydrography is being used to help define linkages among differential watershed land uses, flushing characteristics, and levels of biological production in coastal ecosystems of the southeastern United States. C1 Coll Charleston, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. S Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Buzzelli, C (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM christopher.buzzelli@noaa.gov NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 11 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD APR PY 2007 VL 30 IS 2 BP 321 EP 330 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 176HN UT WOS:000247075600011 ER PT J AU Noren, SR Pearson, LE Davis, JW Trumble, SJ Kanatous, SB AF Noren, Shawn Ranee Pearson, Linnea E. Davis, Jay W. Trumble, Stephen J. Kanatous, Shane B. TI Developmental thermoregulation of a polar mammal SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Interior, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Flint, MI 48502 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 17 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A592 EP A593 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708504592 ER PT J AU Cooke, SJ Schramm, HL AF Cooke, S. J. Schramm, H. L. TI Catch-and-release science and its application to conservation and management of recreational fisheries SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 135th Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society Symposium CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL Anchorage, AL SP Amer Fisheries Sod DE fisheries management; fishing mortality; hooking mortality; recreational angling; sublethal stress ID MARINE FISH POPULATIONS; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; ANGLERS; PHYSIOLOGY; RESOURCES; HISTORY; WATERS; CAUGHT; IMPACT AB Catch-and-release angling is a well-established practice in recreational angler behaviour and fisheries management. Accompanying this is a growing body of catch-and-release research that can be applied to reduce injury, mortality and sublethal alterations in behaviour and physiology. Here, the status of catch-and-release research from a symposium on the topic is summarised. Several general themes emerged including the need to: (1) better connect sublethal assessments to population-level processes; (2) enhance understanding of the variation in fish, fishing practices and gear and their role in catch and release; (3) better understand animal welfare issues related to catch and release; (4) increase the exchange of information on fishing-induced stress, injury and mortality between the recreational and commercial fishing sectors; and (5) improve procedures for measuring and understanding the effect of catch-and-release angling. Through design of better catch-and-release studies, strategies could be developed to further minimise stress, injury and mortality arising from catch-and-release angling. These strategies, when integrated with other fish population and fishery characteristics, can be used by anglers and managers to sustain or enhance recreational fishing resources. C1 Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Cooke, SJ (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM steven_cooke@carleton.ca RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010 OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659 NR 41 TC 111 Z9 112 U1 11 U2 46 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2007.00527.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 155PT UT WOS:000245591100001 ER PT J AU Siepker, MJ Ostrand, KG Cooke, SJ Philipp, DP Wahl, DH AF Siepker, M. J. Ostrand, K. G. Cooke, S. J. Philipp, D. P. Wahl, D. H. TI A review of the effects of catch-and-release angling on black bass, Micropterus spp.: implications for conservation and management of populations SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 135th Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society Symposium CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL Anchorage, AK SP Amer Fisheries Soc DE angling; catch and release; largemouth bass; smallmouth bass; sublethal stress ID TOURNAMENT-ASSOCIATED MORTALITY; SMALL CLUB TOURNAMENTS; MALE SMALLMOUTH BASS; LARGEMOUTH BASS; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE; SUMMER TOURNAMENTS; NORTH-AMERICA; CIRCLE HOOKS AB This paper summarises recent peer-reviewed literature addressing the effects of catch-and-release angling on black bass, Micropterus spp., to facilitate management and conservation of these fish. Traditionally, the effects of catch and release have been evaluated by measuring mortality. Many recent studies have measured sublethal effects on physiology and behaviour. There is also greater emphasis on adding more realism to sublethal catch-and-release experiments through angler involvement in research activities and by conducting studies in the field rather than in laboratory environments. Owing to these advances, there have been a number of recent findings, which are summarised here, related to air exposure, gear (e.g. circle hooks) and the weigh-in procedure that are particularly relevant to black bass anglers, tournament organisers and fishery managers. Additional research is particularly needed for: (1) population-level effects of angling for nesting fish; (2) population-level effects of tournament-associated mortality; (3) effectiveness of livewell additives for enhancing survival; (4) consequences of fish displacement in competitive events; (5) effects of weigh-in procedures and other organisational issues on fish condition and survival; and (6) reducing barotrauma. C1 Missouri Dept Conservat, W Plains, MO 65775 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA USA. Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Aquat Ecol & Conservat, Champaign, IL USA. RP Siepker, MJ (reprint author), Missouri Dept Conservat, 551 Joe Jones Blvd, W Plains, MO 65775 USA. EM mike.siepker@mdc.mo.gov RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010 OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659 NR 78 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 7 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 91 EP 101 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2007.00529.x PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 155PT UT WOS:000245591100003 ER PT J AU Pope, KL Wilde, GR Knabe, DW AF Pope, K. L. Wilde, G. R. Knabe, D. W. TI Effect of catch-and-release angling on growth and survival of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 135th Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society Symposium CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL Anchorage, AK SP Amer Fisheries Soc DE angling effects; growth; Oncorhynchus mykiss; weight ID PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS RESPONSES; LARGEMOUTH BASS; MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; HOOKING MORTALITY; CHINOOK SALMON; WILD; PERFORMANCE; GAIRDNERI; HATCHERY; FISHERY AB Catch-and-release angling is popular in many parts of the world and plays an increasingly important role in fish conservation efforts. Although survival rates associated with catch-and-release angling are well documented for many species, sublethal effects have been less studied. An experiment was conducted to directly assess the effects of catch-and-release angling on growth and survival of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Catch-and-release events were simulated in laboratory tanks maintained at 15-16 degrees C with hooks manually placed in pre-designated locations in the mouths of the fish. There were no differences in standard length (P = 0.59) or wet weight (P = 0.81) gained between caught and uncaught fish over a 1-month angling and recovery period. Survival was 96.99 +/- 0.06% for rainbow trout caught and released, and did not vary with number (one, two or four) of captures. Thus, catch-and-release angling appears to have little effect on growth and mortality of rainbow trout hooked in the mouth. C1 Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Inst, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Pope, KL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 424 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM kpope2@unl.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 115 EP 121 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2007.00531.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 155PT UT WOS:000245591100005 ER PT J AU Meka, JM Margraf, FJ AF Meka, J. M. Margraf, F. J. TI Using a bioenergetic model to assess growth reduction from catch-and-release fishing and hooking injury in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 135th Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society Symposium CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL Anchorage, AK SP Amer Fisheries Soc DE bioenergetics; catch-and-release fishing; growth; hooking injury; rainbow trout ID COMPENSATORY GROWTH; MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; STRESS RESPONSES; LARGEMOUTH BASS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; PLASMA-LEVELS; MORTALITY; CORTISOL; RECOVERY AB A bioenergetic model was used to predict the potential effects of feeding cessation caused by catch-and-release capture and a reduction in feeding efficiency from hooking injuries on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), growth in southwest Alaska, USA. Simulations indicated that a 1-day feeding cessation for a rainbow trout captured one to two times during summer months resulted in deviations from expected growth of -3% to -15%. To represent debilitating hooking injuries, the proportion of the maximum feeding potential was decreased by 5-50% resulting in deviations from expected growth of -9% to -164%. Simulated growth effects were most prominent from captures during months when salmon eggs and flesh constituted the majority of the trout diet. Simulated growth effects from reduced foraging efficiency were most prominent when hooking injuries occurred early in the fishing season. These simulations suggest that rainbow trout are most vulnerable to decreases in growth when salmon are abundant and spawning and, coincidentally, during the months when most fishing occurs. C1 Alaska Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Meka, JM (reprint author), Arizona Game & Fish Dept, 2221 W Greenway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. EM jmeka@azgfd.gov NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2007.00533.x PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 155PT UT WOS:000245591100007 ER PT J AU Ward, R Bowers, K Hensley, R Mobley, B Belouski, E AF Ward, Rocky Bowers, Kevin Hensley, Rebecca Mobley, Brandon Belouski, Ed TI Genetic variability in spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), determined with microsatellite DNA markers SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; DISTANCES; ALLELES; FLORIDA; SUBDIVISION; STATISTICS; SCIAENIDAE; VARIANCE AB Variation in the allele frequencies of five microsatellite loci was surveyed in 1256 individual spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) obtained from 12 bays and estuaries from Laguna Madre, Texas, to Charlotte Harbor, Florida, to St. John's River on the Florida Atlantic Coast. Texas and Louisiana collection sites were resampled each year for two to four years (1998-2001). Genetic differentiation was observed. Spotted seatrout from Florida waters were strongly differentiated from spotted seatrout collected in Louisiana and Texas. The greatest genetic discontinuity was observed between Tampa Bay and Charlotte Harbor, and Charlotte Harbor seatrout were most similar to Atlantic Coast spotted seatrout. Texas and Louisiana samples were not strongly structured within the northwestern Gulf of Mexico and there was little evidence of temporal differentiation within bays. These findings are contrary to those of earlier analyses with allozymes and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) where evidence of spatial differentiation was found for spotted seatrout resident on the Texas coast. The differences in genetic structure observed among these markers may reflect differences in response to selective pressure, or may be due to differences in underlying genetic processes. C1 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Coastal Fisheries Div, Austin, TX 78744 USA. RP Ward, R (reprint author), USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, No Appalachian Res Lab, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM rward@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2007 VL 105 IS 2 BP 197 EP 206 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 177JG UT WOS:000247148800005 ER PT J AU Smith-Vaniz, WF Carpenter, KE AF Smith-Vaniz, William F. Carpenter, Kent E. TI Review of the crevalle jacks, Caranx hippos complex (Teleostei : Carangidae), with a description of a new species from West Africa SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Review ID FISHES; ESTUARIES; LONDON; WATER AB The Caranx hippos species complex comprises three extant species: crevalle jack (Caranx hippos) (Linnaeus, 1766) from both the western and eastern Atlantic oceans; Pacific crevalle jack (Caranx caninus) Gunther, 1868 from the eastern Pacific Ocean; and longfin crevalle jack (Caranx fischeri) new species, from the eastern Atlantic, including the Mediterranean Sea and Ascension Island. Adults of all three species are superficially similar with a black blotch on the lower half of the pectoral fin, a black spot on the upper margin of opercle, one or two pairs of enlarged symphyseal canines on the lower jaw, and a similar pattern of breast squamation. Each species has a different pattern of hyperostotic bone development and anal-fin color. The two sympatric eastern Atlantic species also differ from each other in number of dorsal- and anal-fin rays, and in large adults of C. fischeri the lobes of these fins are longer and the body is deeper. Caranx hippos from opposite sides of the Atlantic are virtually indistinguishable externally but differ consistently in the expression of hyperostosis of the first dorsal-fin pterygiophore. The fossil species Caranx carangopsis Steindachner 1859 appears to have been based on composite material of Trachurus sp. and a fourth species of the Caranx hippos complex. Patterns of hyperostotic bone development are compared in the nine (of 15 total) species of Caranx sensu stricto that exhibit hyperostosis. C1 US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Smith-Vaniz, WF (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Div Ichthyol, Dickinson Hall,Museum Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM bill_smith_vaniz@usgs.gov NR 127 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2007 VL 105 IS 2 BP 207 EP 233 PG 27 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 177JG UT WOS:000247148800006 ER PT J AU Blakely, RJ John, DA Box, SE Berger, BR Fleck, RJ Ashley, RP Newport, GR Heinemeyer, GR AF Blakely, Richard J. John, David A. Box, Stephen E. Berger, Byron R. Fleck, Robert J. Ashley, Roger P. Newport, Grant R. Heinemeyer, Gary R. TI Crustal controls on magmatic-hydrothermal systems: A geophysical comparison of White River, Washington, with Goldfield, Nevada SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE magnetic anomalies; gravity anomalies; hydrothermal; Cascade Range; faults ID STABLE-ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; GRAVITY-ANOMALIES; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-BASIN; ENVIRONMENTS; MIOCENE; OREGON; ARC; MAP AB The White River altered area, Washington, and the Goldfield mining district, Nevada, are nearly contemporaneous Tertiary ( ca. 20 Ma) calc-alkaline igneous centers with large exposures of shallow (<1 km depth) magmatic-hydrothermal, acid-sulfate alteration. Goldfield is the largest known high-sulfidation gold deposit in North America. At White River, silica is the only commodity exploited to date, but, based on its similarities with Goldfield, White River may have potential for concealed precious and/or base metal deposits at shallow depth. Both areas are products of the ancestral Cascade arc. Goldfield lies within the Great Basin physiographic province in an area of middle Miocene and younger Basin and Range and Walker Lane faulting, whereas White River is largely unaffected by young faults. However, west-northwest-striking magnetic anomalies at White River do correspond with mapped faults synchronous with magmatism, and other linear anomalies may reflect contemporaneous concealed faults. The White River altered area lies immediately south of the west-northwest-striking White River fault zone and north of a postulated fault with similar orientation. Structural data from the White River altered area indicate that alteration developed synchronously with an anomalous stress field conducive to left-lateral, strike-slip displacement on west-northwest-striking faults. Thus, the White River alteration may have developed in a transient transtensional region between the two strike-slip faults, analogous to models proposed for Goldfield and other mineral deposits in transverse deformational zones. Gravity and magnetic anomalies provide evidence for a pluton beneath the White River altered area that may have provided heat and fluids to overlying volcanic rocks. East- to east-northeast-striking extensional faults and/or fracture zones in the step-over region, also expressed in magnetic anomalies, may have tapped this intrusion and provided vertical and lateral transport of fluids to now silicified areas. By analogy to Goldfield, geophysical anomalies at the White River altered area may serve as proxies for geologic mapping in identifying faults, fractures, and intrusions relevant to hydrothermal alteration and ore formation in areas of poor exposure. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Spokane, WA 99201 USA. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Federal Way, WA 98063 USA. RP Blakely, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI John, David/0000-0001-7977-9106 NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD APR PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 BP 91 EP 107 DI 10.1130/GES00071.1 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 167VR UT WOS:000246481100003 ER PT J AU Emlen, JM Springman, KR AF Emlen, John M. Springman, Kathrine R. TI Developing Methods to Assess and Predict the Population Level Effects of Environmental Contaminants SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Interaction assessment; INTASS; Contaminant effects; Multiple stressors; Population-level effects AB The field of ecological toxicity seems largely to have drifted away from what its title implies-assessing and predicting the ecological consequences of environmental contaminants-moving instead toward an emphasis on individual effects and physiologic case studies. This paper elucidates how a relatively new ecological methodology, interaction assessment (INTASS), could be useful in addressing the field's initial goals. Specifically, INTASS is a model platform and methodology, applicable across a broad array of taxa and habitat types, that can be used to construct population dynamics models from field data. Information on environmental contaminants and multiple stressors can be incorporated into these models in a form that bypasses the problems inherent in assessing uptake, chemical interactions in the environment, and synergistic effects in the organism. INTASS can, therefore, be used to evaluate the effects of contaminants and other stressors at the population level and to predict how changes in stressor levels or composition of contaminant mixtures, as well as various mitigation measures, might affect population dynamics. C1 [Emlen, John M.] US Geol Survey, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Springman, Kathrine R.] Univ Calif Davis, Little River, CA 95456 USA. RP Emlen, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM john_emlen@usgs.gov FU Western Fisheries Research Center, US Geological Survey FX We thank the Western Fisheries Research Center, US Geological Survey, for funding this study. NR 76 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD APR PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1897/IEAM_2005-080.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WY UT WOS:000209712700002 PM 17477285 ER PT J AU Duncan, PB Greenberg, MS Leja, S Williams, J Black, C Henry, RG Wilhelm, L AF Duncan, P. Bruce Greenberg, Marc S. Leja, Stan Williams, Jonathan Black, Curt Henry, Richard G. Wilhelm, Leon TI Case Study of Contaminated Groundwater Discharge: How In Situ Tools Link an Evolving Conceptual Site Model with Management Decisions SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Groundwater; Surface water; In situ tools; Minipiezometer; Seepage meter; Passive diffusion sampler AB In this paper, we show how simple in situ tools provide key insights into groundwater transport and exposure pathways. We illustrate how integration between managers, hydrogeologists, and ecologists, through the use of an evolving conceptual site model, helps direct management decisions. An initial conceptual site model was used to guide a preliminary investigation to determine the extent to which contaminant exposure from discharging groundwater occurs in a waterway. Regulatory agency managers, informed by phased input of data, supported extending the site investigation subtidally to identify the nature and extent of waterway contamination and to provide the basis for developing remedial alternatives. Approaches and tools used in this reconnaissance investigation included monitoring ambient surface water for groundwater signatures, installing minipiezometers within the sediment, and installing diffusion samplers and seepage meters. Despite high concentrations of contaminants in nearby piezometer samples, the diffusion sampler array indicated few locations with contaminant accumulation in the top 20 cm of the sediment. At the location where deployed, seepage meters demonstrated a high degree of connectivity and the potential for mass loading in the waterway. In the collective experience of the authors, this is one of the 1st sites where this comprehensive suite of tools has been applied in a regulatory setting to evaluate the movement of industrial contaminants beneath and into a waterway. This approach was effective because of integration of disciplines, unification of previously separate groundwater and sediment investigations, and collaboration across separate agencies and programs. In large part because of the results, the facility and agency managers agreed, and have begun a comprehensive subtidal investigation, to characterize the distribution of sediment and groundwater contamination and to quantify the groundwater flux to the surface water. C1 [Duncan, P. Bruce; Williams, Jonathan; Black, Curt] US EPA, Reg 10,1200-6th Ave, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Greenberg, Marc S.] US EPA, Environm Response Team, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. [Wilhelm, Leon] Washington State Dept Ecol, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Henry, Richard G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Environm Response Team, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. RP Duncan, PB (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 10,1200-6th Ave, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM duncan.bruce@epa.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD APR PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 BP 279 EP 289 DI 10.1897/IEAM_2006-039.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WY UT WOS:000209712700013 PM 17477296 ER PT J AU Chou, IM AF Chou, I-Ming TI Pressure calibrants in the hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SM-YAG FLUORESCENCE; TRICRITICAL-POINT; X-RAY; RUBY; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; GPA; TRANSITION; EQUATION; BEHAVIOR AB Based on the equation of state of water (EOSW), experimental pressure in he hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell (HDAC) using pure water or dilute aqueous solutions as a pressure medium can be accurately determined at each measured temperature. Consequently, meaningful interpretations can be obtained for observations in the HDAC, which has been widely accepted as a versatile, modern apparatus for hydrothermal experiments. However, this is not true when other pressure media were used because there is no reliable way to determine experimental pressure other than the use of in situ pressure sensors. Most of the available pressure sensors are difficult to apply because they either require expensive facilities to perform the measurements or are unable to provide the accuracy needed for the interpretation of hydrothermal experiments. The only exception is to use the interferometric method to detect the alpha-beta quartz transition, although such application are limited to temperatures above 573 degrees C. In this study,three pressure calibrants were calibrated for applications at lower temperatures, and they were based on visual observation of the ferroelastic phase transition in BaTiO2 (tetragonal/cubic), Pb-3 (PO4)(2) (monoclinic/trigonal), and PbTiO3 (tetragonal/cubic). For the phase transition in the transition temperature (T-tr); the phase transition pressure (Pt-r) can be calculated, respectively, from P-tr (MPa; +/- 3%) = 0.17 - 21.25 [T-tr) - 115.3], and P-tr (MPa; +/- 2%) = 1.00 - 10.62 [T-tr) - 180.2], where T-tr is in degrees C. for the phase transition in PbTiO3, the temperature at which the movement of phase front begins (or ends) on heating (or cooling) was taken as the transition temperature (T-tr.h or T-tr.e), and the phase transition pressures on heating (P-tr.h) and cooling (P-tr.e) can be calculated from P-tr.h (MPa; +/- 4%) = 7021.7 - 14.235 T-tr.h), and Ptr.e (MPa; +/- 4%) = 6831.3 - 140.00] (T-tr.e). Phase transitions for these three pressure calibrants are easy to detect visually, and their P-T phase bound-aries have negative slopes and intersect isochors of most of the geologic fluids at high angles and, therefore, are easy to apply. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Chou, IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM imchou@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 13 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD APR PY 2007 VL 49 IS 4 BP 289 EP 300 DI 10.2747/0020-6814.49.4.289 PG 12 WC Geology SC Geology GA 153UE UT WOS:000245460200001 ER PT J AU Weber, B Iriondo, A Premo, WR Hecht, L Schaaf, P AF Weber, Bodo Iriondo, Alexander Premo, Wayne R. Hecht, Lutz Schaaf, Peter TI New insights into the history and origin of the southern Maya block, SE Mexico: U-Pb-SHRIMP zircon geochronology from metamorphic rocks of the Chiapas massif SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE geochronology; SHRIMP; metamorphic rocks; Maya; SE Mexico ID NORTHERN OAXACAN COMPLEX; TECTONOTHERMAL EVENTS; GUICHICOVI COMPLEX; GEOLOGIC EVOLUTION; ACATLAN COMPLEX; MARGIN; GEOCHEMISTRY; AMERICA; TERRANE; CRUST AB The histories of the pre-Mesozoic landmasses in southern Mexico and their connections with Laurentia, Gondwana, and among themselves are crucial for the understanding of the Late Paleozoic assembly of Pangea. The Permian igneous and metamorphic rocks from the Chiapas massif as part of the southern Maya block, Mexico, were dated by U-Pb zircon geochronology employing the SHRIMP (sensitive high resolution ion microprobe) facility at Stanford University. The Chiapas massif is composed of deformed granitoids and orthogneisses with inliers of metasedimentary rocks. SHRIMP data from an anatectic orthogneiss demonstrate that the Chiapas massif was part of a Permian (similar to 272 Ma) active continental margin established on the Pacific margin of Gondwana after the Ouachita orogeny. Latest Permian (252-254 Ma) medium- to high-grade metamorphism and deformation affected the entire Chiapas massif, resulting in anatexis and intrusion of syntectonic granitoids. This unique orogenic event is interpreted as the result of compression due to flat subduction and accretionary tectonics. SHRIMP data of zircon cores from a metapelite from the NE Chiapas massif yielded a single Grenvillian source for sediments. The majority of the zircon cores from a para-amphibolite from the SE part of the massif yielded either 1.0-1.2 or 1.4-1.5 Ga sources, indicating provenance from South American Sunsas and Rondonian-San Ignacio provinces. C1 CICESE, Div Earth Sci, San Diego, CA 92143 USA. Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Div Ciencias Tierra, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Humboldt Univ, Museum Nat, Inst Mineral, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Weber, B (reprint author), CICESE, Div Earth Sci, POB 434843, San Diego, CA 92143 USA. EM bweber@cicese.mx RI Weber, Bodo/B-8384-2016 OI Weber, Bodo/0000-0002-5029-6087 NR 55 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1437-3254 J9 INT J EARTH SCI JI Int. J. Earth Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 96 IS 2 BP 253 EP 269 DI 10.1007/s00531-006-0093-7 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 147MO UT WOS:000245007300003 ER PT J AU Bradshaw, J Bachu, S Bonijoly, D Burruss, R Holloway, S Christensen, NP Mathiassen, OM AF Bradshaw, John Bachu, Stefan Bonijoly, Didier Burruss, Robert Holloway, Sam Christensen, Niels Peter Mathiassen, Odd Magne TI CO2 storage capacity estimation: Issues and development of standards SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY JUN 19-22, 2006 CL Trondheim, NORWAY DE CO2; storage capacity; trapping efficiency AB Associated with the endeavours of geoscientists to pursue the promise that geological storage Of CO2 has of potentially making deep cuts into greenhouse gas emissions, Governments around the world are dependent on reliable estimates Of CO2 storage capacity and insightful indications of the viability of geological storage in their respective jurisdictions. Similarly, industry needs reliable estimates for business decisions regarding site selection and development. If such estimates are unreliable, and decisions are made based on poor advice, then valuable resources and time could be wasted. Policies that have been put in place to address CO2 emissions could be jeopardised. Estimates need to clearly state the limitations that existed (data, time, knowledge) at the time of making the assessment and indicate the purpose and future use to which the estimates should be applied. A set of guidelines for estimation of storage capacity will greatly assist future deliberations by government and industry on the appropriateness of geological storage Of CO2 in different geological settings and political jurisdictions. This work has been initiated under the auspices of the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (www.cslforum.brg), and it is intended that it will be an ongoing taskforce to further examine issues associated with storage capacity estimation. Crown Copyright (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Geosci Australia, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Alberta Energy & Util Board, Edmonton, AB T6B 2X3, Canada. Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, CDG, DIR 3, F-45060 Orleans, France. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland GEUS, DK-1250 Copenhagen K, Denmark. Norwegian Petr Directorate, N-4003 Stavanger, Norway. RP Bradshaw, J (reprint author), Cnr Jerrabomberra Ave,And Hindmarsh Dr, Symonston, ACT 2609, Australia. EM John.Bradshaw@ga.gov.au RI meng, xin/G-3553-2011 NR 3 TC 159 Z9 167 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD APR PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 62 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S1750-5836(07)00027-8 PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 309DJ UT WOS:000256440600010 ER PT J AU Alldredge, MW Pollock, KH Simons, TR Shriner, SA AF Alldredge, Mathew W. Pollock, Kenneth H. Simons, Theodore R. Shriner, Susan A. TI Multiple-species analysis of point count data: a more parsimonious modelling framework SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; capture-recapture; multiple-species modelling; point count surveys; population surveys ID ESTIMATING DETECTION PROBABILITIES; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; BIRD SURVEYS; SONG; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; RATES AB Although population surveys often provide information on multiple species, these data are rarely analysed within a multiple-species framework despite the potential for more efficient estimation of population parameters. We have developed a multiple-species modelling framework that uses similarities in capture/detection processes among species to model multiple species data more parsimoniously. We present examples of this approach applied to distance, time of detection and multiple observer sampling for avian point count data. Models that included species as a covariate and individual species effects were generally selected as the best models for distance sampling, but group models without species effects performed best for the time of detection and multiple observer methods. Population estimates were more precise for no-species-effect models than for species-effect models, demonstrating the benefits of exploiting species' similarities when modelling multiple species data. Partial species-effect models and additive models were also useful because they modelled similarities among species while allowing for species differences. Synthesis and applications. We recommend the adoption of multiple-species modelling because of its potential for improved population estimates. This framework will be particularly beneficial for modelling count data from rare species because information on the detection process can be 'borrowed' from more common species. The multiple-species modelling framework presented here is applicable to a wide range of sampling techniques and taxa. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USGS, NC Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Alldredge, MW (reprint author), Colorado Div Wildlife, 317 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mat.alldredge@state.co.us OI Shriner, Susan/0000-0003-0349-7182 NR 43 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01271.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 148HM UT WOS:000245065300004 ER PT J AU Lukacs, PM Thompson, WL Kendall, WL Gould, WR Doherty, PF Burnham, KP Anderson, DR AF Lukacs, Paul M. Thompson, William L. Kendall, William L. Gould, William R. Doherty, Paul F., Jr. Burnham, Kenneth P. Anderson, David R. TI Concerns regarding a call for pluralism of information theory and hypothesis testing SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Akaike's information criterion; information theory; model selection; multimodel inference; null hypothesis testing; statistical analysis ID INFERENCE AB Stephens et al. (2005argue for 'pluralism' in statistical analysis, combining null hypothesis testing and information-theoretic (I-T) methods. We show that I-T methods are more informative even in single variable problems and we provide an ecological example. I-T methods allow inferences to be made from multiple models simultaneously. We believe multimodel inference is the future of data analysis, which cannot be achieved with null hypothesis-testing approaches. We argue for a stronger emphasis on critical thinking in science in general and less reliance on exploratory data analysis and data dredging. Deriving alternative hypotheses is central to science; deriving a single interesting science hypothesis and then comparing it to a default null hypothesis (e.g. 'no difference') is not an efficient strategy for gaining knowledge. We think this single-hypothesis strategy has been relied upon too often in the past. We clarify misconceptions presented by Stephens et al. (2005). We think inference should be made about models, directly linked to scientific hypotheses, and their parameters conditioned on data, Prob(H-j vertical bar data). I-T methods provide a basis for this inference. Null hypothesis testing merely provides a probability statement about the data conditioned on a null model, Prob(data vertical bar H-0). Synthesis and applications. I-T methods provide a more informative approach to inference. I-T methods provide a direct measure of evidence for or against hypotheses and a means to consider simultaneously multiple hypotheses as a basis for rigorous inference. Progress in our science can be accelerated if modern methods can be used intelligently; this includes various I-T and Bayesian methods. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. IAP World Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Alaska Network, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. USGA, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Appl Informat Co Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Lukacs, PM (reprint author), Colorado Div Wildlife, 317 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Paul.Lukacs@state.co.us NR 13 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 39 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 456 EP 460 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01267.x PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 148HM UT WOS:000245065300021 ER PT J AU Stibig, HJ Belward, AS Roy, PS Rosalina-Wasrin, U Agrawal, S Joshi, PK Hildanus Beuchle, R Fritz, S Mubareka, S Giri, C AF Stibig, H. -J. Belward, A. S. Roy, P. S. Rosalina-Wasrin, U. Agrawal, S. Joshi, P. K. Hildanus Beuchle, R. Fritz, S. Mubareka, S. Giri, C. TI A land-cover map for South and Southeast Asia derived from SPOT-VEGETATION data SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE forest cover; land-cover classification; regional map; remote sensing; Southeast Asia; SPOT-VEGETATION sensor ID FOREST COVER; CLASSIFICATION; DEFORESTATION; INDONESIA; MODIS AB Aim Our aim was to produce a uniform 'regional' land-cover map of South and Southeast Asia based on 'sub-regional' mapping results generated in the context of the Global Land Cover 2000 project. Location The 'region' of tropical and sub-tropical South and Southeast Asia stretches from the Himalayas and the southern border of China in the north, to Sri Lanka and Indonesia in the south, and from Pakistan in the west to the islands of New Guinea in the far east. Methods The regional land-cover map is based on sub-regional digital mapping results derived from SPOT-VEGETATION satellite data for the years 1998-2000. Image processing, digital classification and thematic mapping were performed separately for the three sub-regions of South Asia, continental Southeast Asia, and insular Southeast Asia. Landsat TM images, field data and existing national maps served as references. We used the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) for coding the sub-regional land-cover classes and for aggregating the latter to a uniform regional legend. A validation was performed based on a systematic grid of sample points, referring to visual interpretation from high-resolution Landsat imagery. Regional land- cover area estimates were obtained and compared with FAO statistics for the categories 'forest' and 'cropland'. Results The regional map displays 26 land-cover classes. The LCCS coding provided a standardized class description, independent from local class names; it also allowed us to maintain the link to the detailed sub-regional land-cover classes. The validation of the map displayed a mapping accuracy of 72% for the dominant classes of 'forest' and 'cropland'; regional area estimates for these classes correspond reasonably well to existing regional statistics. Main conclusions The land-cover map of South and Southeast Asia provides a synoptic view of the distribution of land cover of tropical and sub-tropical Asia, and it delivers reasonable thematic detail and quantitative estimates of the main land-cover proportions. The map may therefore serve for regional stratification or modelling of vegetation cover, but could also support the implementation of forest policies, watershed management or conservation strategies at regional scales. C1 Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, DG Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Va, Italy. Indian Inst Remote Sensing, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. Bogor Agr Univ, Fac Forestry, Bogor, Indonesia. USGS, EROS, Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Stibig, HJ (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, DG Joint Res Ctr, TP440, I-21020 Ispra, Va, Italy. EM hans-juergen.stibig@jrc.it NR 37 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 34 IS 4 BP 625 EP 637 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01637.x PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 150XN UT WOS:000245253000006 ER PT J AU Chalmers, AT Van Metre, PC Callender, E AF Chalmers, A. T. Van Metre, P. C. Callender, E. TI The chemical response of particle-associated contaminants in aquatic sediments to urbanization in New England, USA SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE sediments; trace elements; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; urbanization; paleolimnology; atmospheric fallout ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ACCUMULATION; MERCURY; LEAD; LAKE; HISTORY; FLUXES; RATES AB Relations between urbanization and particle-associated contaminants in New England were evaluated using a combination of samples from sediment cores, streambed sediments, and suspended stream sediments. Concentrations of PAHs, PCBs, DDT, and seven trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Ph, Zn) were correlated strongly with urbanization, with the strongest relations to percentage commercial, industrial, and transportation (CIT) land use. Average PAH and metal concentrations in the most urbanized watersheds were approximately 30 and 6 times the reference concentrations, respectively, in remote, undeveloped watersheds. One-quarter to one-half of sampling sites had concentrations of PAHs, Cu, Pb, or Zn above the probable effects concentration, a set of sediment quality guidelines for adverse effects to aquatic biota, and sediments were predicted to be toxic, on average, when CIT land use exceeded about 10%. Trends in metals in cores from urban watersheds were dominantly downward, whereas trends in PAHs in a suburban watershed were upward. A regional atmospheric-fallout gradient was indicated by as much as order-of-magnitude-greater concentrations and accumulation rates of contaminants in cores from an undeveloped reference lake in Boston compared to those from remote reference watersheds. Contaminant accumulation rates in the lakes with urbanization in their watersheds, however, were 1-3 orders of magnitude greater than those of reference lakes, which indicate the dominance of local sources and fluvial transport of contaminants to urban lakes. These analyses demonstrate the magnitude of urban contamination of aquatic systems and air sheds, and suggest that, despite reductions in contaminant emissions in urban settings, streams and lakes will decline in quality as urbanization of their watersheds takes place. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RP Chalmers, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 628, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. EM chalmers@usgs.gov RI Powers, Kristen/F-3980-2011; OI Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 NR 45 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 1-2 BP 4 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.08.007 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 154CT UT WOS:000245485100002 PM 17134790 ER PT J AU Mahler, B Massei, N AF Mahler, Barbara Massei, Nicolas TI Anthropogenic contaminants as tracers in an urbanizing karst aquifer SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE karst; tracers; pesticides; breakthrough curves; Edwards aquifer; Barton Springs; urban contaminants ID WATER-QUALITY; CHEMOGRAPHS; SEDIMENT; ATRAZINE; SHALLOW; FRANCE; FATE; USA AB Karst aquifers are uniquely vulnerable to contamination. In the Barton Springs segment of the karstic Edwards aquifer (Texas, U.S.A.), urban contaminants such as pesticides and volatile organic compounds frequently are detected in spring base flow. To determine whether contaminant concentrations change in response to storms, and if they therefore might act as tracers of focused recharge, samples were collected from Barton Springs at closely spaced intervals following three storms. Two herbicides (atrazine and simazine), two insecticides (carbaryl and diazinon), and a solvent (tetrachloroethene) described breakthrough curves over a 1-week period following one or more storms. The breakthrough curves were decomposed into two to five log-normal subcurves, which were interpreted as representing pulses of contaminants moving through the aquifer. Each subcurve could be used in the same way as an artificial tracer to determine travel time to and recovery at the spring. The contaminants have several advantages over artificial tracers: they represent the actual compounds of interest, they are injected essentially simultaneously at several points, and they are injected under those conditions when transport is of the most interest, i.e., following storms. The response of storm discharge, specific conductance, and contaminant loading at the spring depended on initial aquifer flow conditions, which varied from very low (spring discharge of 0.48 m(3)/S) to high (spring discharge of 2.7 m(3)/S): concentrations and recovery were the highest when initial aquifer flow conditions were low. This behavior provides information about aquifer structure and the influence of aquifer flow condition on transport properties. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. Univ Rouen, Dept Geol, F-76130 Mont St Aignan, France. RP Mahler, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8027 Exchange Dr, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM bjmahler@usgs.gov; nicolas.massei@univ-rouen.fr OI Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552 NR 61 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.08.010 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 154CT UT WOS:000245485100006 PM 17161500 ER PT J AU Caruso, JH Ross, SW Sulak, KJ Sedberry, GR AF Caruso, J. H. Ross, S. W. Sulak, K. J. Sedberry, G. R. TI Deep-water chaunacid and lophiid anglerfishes (Pisces : Lophiiformes) off the south-eastern United States SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chaunax; deep-sea anglerfishes; Lophiodes; Sladenia ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SYSTEMATICS; ATLANTIC; FISHES; SEA AB Recent research cruises to deep (80-910 m) reef habitats off the south-eastern U.S. and in the northern Gulf of Mexico have provided new information on the diagnostic characteristics, behaviours, colour patterns in life, bottom associations, distributions and maximum sizes of species of the anglerfish genera Chaunax, Lophiodes and Sladenia. Chaunax stigmaeus occurred much further south than previously known (Blake Plateau off South Carolina), and all C. stigmaeus observed were found associated with dense beds of dead coral (Lophelia pertusa) rubble or on broken hard bottom. In contrast, Chaunax suttkusi was found on soft bottoms. Chaunax stigmaeus and C. suttkusi appear to be sympatric over a major portion of their ranges. Because knowledge of pigmentation in live or freshly caught Chaunax is critical to distinguish some members of the genus, changes in the colouration of C. suttkusi were noted and documented photographically immediately after death and after fixation. The yellow spots found on some, but not all specimens, temporarily disappeared completely after death, but they reappeared after fixation, slowly disappearing thereafter along with other carotenoid pigments. Lophiodes beroe and Lophiodes monodi were collected for the first time off the Atlantic coast of the U.S., being previously known only from the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea and the northern coast of South America. For both species (L. beroe and L. monodi), the collections included the two largest known representatives of the species (400 and 325 mm standard length, respectively). Lophiodes beroe commonly occurred on L. pertusa rubble, and seemed to prefer this habitat. Occupying such a habitat that is deep and difficult to sample probably explains how this common species escaped detection. Only a single L. monodi was collected or observed, so this species appears to be uncommon in this geographic area or at least so on coral rubble habitat. Detailed aspects of the colour patterns of both species were noted. In particular, L. beroe displayed a characteristic pattern of white patches in life that were not apparent after death. The first photographic documentation of the colour pattern in life and of the pharyngeal pigmentation of Lophiodes reticulatus is provided. The third known specimen of Sladenia shaefersi, and the first to be taken in U.S. waters was collected from coral rubble near the base of a steep 200 m scarp on the Blake Plateau. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ctr Aquat Resource Studies, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Marine Resources Res Inst, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. RP Caruso, JH (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 310 Dinwiddie Hall,6823 St Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM jcaruso@tulane.edu NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1015 EP 1026 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01360.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 155WP UT WOS:000245609600003 ER PT J AU Leslie, DM AF Leslie, David M., Jr. TI A shifting mosaic of scholarly publishing, scientific delivery, and future impact changing the face of learned societies SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE data registries; digital age; electronic publishing; impact; online access; open access; print delivery; scholarly publishing; scientific delivery; scientific societies ID OPEN-ACCESS; JOURNALS; SERIALS; PRESERVATION; QUALITY; HISTORY; MODEL AB Nonprofit scientific societies hope that their activities advance their particular mission and impact their profession and. in the broadest sense, humanity in positive ways. The digital age has provided unprecedented mechanisms to enhance the delivery of science to the world. The marketplace of scientific publishing is a rapidly shifting mosaic of challenges and opportunities, and the responses of nonprofit and commercial publishers vary widely, but their outcomes are still uncertain. The response of the American Society of Mammalogists (ASM) provides an example of how a relatively small society has altered its scientific delivery to enhance member benefits while attempting to sustain its economic viability. Since 2000, ASM has moved from a self-publishing, break-even, print-only model to a copublishing agreement with a commercial publisher (Alliance Communications Group, a division of Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas), which now offers members various print and electronic options and generates a shared royalty. Although it is too early to gauge the economic impact of these changes, the ASM leadership clearly attempted to signal its desire for members to view their society as a package of opportunities for edification and involvement rather than just a provider of serial subscriptions. Future challenges facing nonprofit scientific societies include open access, fiscal realities, archiving of publications, and scientific and societal impact; future opportunities include a strengthening of member responsibilities and professionalism, development of data registries to enhance scientific progress, and bundling of like societies. The manner in which nonprofit scientific societies respond to these challenges and opportunities will no doubt affect their sustainability and future impact. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Leslie, DM (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 404 Life Sci W, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM cleslie@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR PY 2007 VL 88 IS 2 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1644/06-MAMM-F-418.1 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 165DM UT WOS:000246284100001 ER PT J AU Barber-Meyer, SM Johnson, CR Murtaugh, MP Mech, LD White, PJ AF Barber-Meyer, Shannon M. Johnson, Craig R. Murtaugh, Michael P. Mech, L. David White, P. J. TI Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha values in elk neonates SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Cervus elaphus; cytokine; elk; immunocompetence; interleukin-6; survival; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Yellowstone ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; METABOLIC INDICATORS; CALF MORTALITY; NATIONAL-PARK; RIVER OTTERS; IL-6; MINNESOTA; BLOOD AB Serological indicators of general condition would be helpful for monitoring or assessing ungulate wildlife. Toward that end, we report the Ist reference values for 2 cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha TNF-alpha), in neonatal elk (Cervus elaphus). We obtained blood samples from 140 calves <= 6 days old in Yellowstone National Park during summer 2003-2005. IL-6 values ranged from 0 to 1.21 pg/ml with a median of 0.03 pg/ml. TNF-alpha values ranged from 0 to 225.43 pg/ml with a median of 1.85 pg/ml. IL-6 and TNF-alpha concentrations were not significant predictors of elk calf survival through 21 days. Development of ungulate-based IL-6 and TNF-alpha assays that provide greater sensitivity than cross-reacting human-based assays could be helpful in monitoring ungulate condition and health status comparisons among herds. Such information could provide indirect assessments of range quality or environmental influences among herds. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RP Barber-Meyer, SM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 200 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM shannonbarbermeyer@gmail.com OI Barber-Meyer, Shannon/0000-0002-3048-2616 NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR PY 2007 VL 88 IS 2 BP 421 EP 426 DI 10.1644/06-MAMM-A-182.1 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 165DM UT WOS:000246284100015 ER PT J AU Burdett, CL Moen, RA Niemi, GJ Mech, LD AF Burdett, Christopher L. Moen, Ron A. Niemi, Gerald J. Mech, L. David TI Defining space use and movements of Canada lynx with global positioning system telemetry SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Canada lynx; core area; global positioning system; home range; Lynx canadensis; movements; telemetry ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; SPATIAL-ORGANIZATION; SAMPLE-SIZE; NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA; GPS TELEMETRY; HABITAT USE; POPULATION; FOREST; VARIABILITY; CANADENSIS AB Space use and movements of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) are difficult to study with very-high-frequency radiocollars. We deployed global positioning system (GPS) collars on I I lynx in Minnesota to study their seasonal space-use patterns. We estimated home ranges with minimum-convex-polygon and fixed-kerriel methods and estimated core areas with area/probability curves. Fixed-kernel home ranges of males (range =29-522 kM(2)) were significantly larger than those of females (range =5-95 km (2)) annually and during the denning season. Some male lynx increased movements during March, the month most influenced by breeding activity. Lynx core areas were predicted by the 60% fixed-kernel isopleth in most seasons. The mean core-area size of males (range = 6-190 kM(2)) was significantly larger than that of females (range =1-19 km (2)) annually and during denning. Most female lynx were reproductive animals with reduced movements, whereas males often ranged widely between Minnesota and Ontario. Sensitivity analyses examining the effect of location frequency on homerange size suggest that the home-range sizes of breeding females are less sensitive to sample size than those of males. Longer periods between locations decreased home-range and core-area overlap relative to the home range estimated from daily locations. GPS collars improve our understanding of space use and movements by lynx by increasing the spatial extent and temporal frequency of monitoring and allowing home ranges to be estimated over short periods that are relevant to life-history characteristics. C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Gabbert Raptor Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Burdett, CL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. EM cburdett@nrri.umn.edu RI Moen, Ron/M-3177-2014 NR 56 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 39 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR PY 2007 VL 88 IS 2 BP 457 EP 467 DI 10.1644/06-MAMM-A-181R.1 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 165DM UT WOS:000246284100020 ER PT J AU Johnston, JW Thompson, TA Wilcox, DA Baedke, SJ AF Johnston, John W. Thompson, Todd A. Wilcox, Douglas A. Baedke, Steve J. TI Geomorphic and sedimentologic evidence for the separation of Lake Superior from Lake Michigan and Huron SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the International-Association-for-Great-Lakes-Research CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, CANADA SP Int Assoc Great Lakes Res HO Univ Waterloo DE Great Lakes; Lake Superior; beach ridge; Lake level; Sault outlet; holocene ID BEACH-RIDGE DEVELOPMENT; NORTH-AMERICA; GREAT-LAKES; POSTGLACIAL UPLIFT; LEVEL VARIATION; SHORE AB A common break was recognized in four Lake Superior strandplain sequences using geomorphic and sedimentologic characteristics. Strandplains were divided into lakeward and landward sets of beach ridges using aerial photographs and topographic surveys to identify similar surficial features and core data to identify similar subsurface features. Cross-strandplain, elevation-trend changes from a lowering towards the lake in the landward set of beach ridges to a rise or reduction of slope towards the lake in the lakeward set of beach ridges indicates that the break is associated with an outlet change for Lake Superior. Correlation of this break between study sites and age model results for the strandplain sequences suggest that the outlet change occurred sometime after about 2,400 calendar years ago (after the Algoma phase). Age model results from one site (Grand Traverse Bay) suggest an alternate age closer to about 1,200 calendar years ago but age models need to be investigated further. The landward part of the strandplain was deposited when water levels were common in all three upper Great Lakes basins (Superior, Huron, and Michigan) and drained through the Port Huron/Sarnia outlet. The lakeward part was deposited after the Sault outlet started to help regulate water levels in the Lake Superior basin. The landward beach ridges are commonly better defined and continuous across the embayments, more numerous, larger in relief, wider, have greater vegetation density, and intervening swales contain more standing water and peat than the lakeward set. Changes in drainage patterns, foreshore sediment thickness and grain size help in identifying the break between sets in the strandplain sequences. Investigation of these breaks may help identify possible gaps in the record or missing ridges in strandplain sequences that may not be apparent when viewing age distributions and may justify the need for multiple age and glacial isostatic adjustment models. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. James Madison Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. RP Johnston, JW (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 1005 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM jwjohnst@uwaterloo.ca; tthomps@indiana.edu; Douglas_Wilcox@usgs.gov; baedkesj@jmu.edu RI Thompson, Todd/G-6579-2011 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 349 EP 364 DI 10.1007/s10933-006-9052-3 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 140DV UT WOS:000244485300004 ER PT J AU Fisher, TG Loope, WL Pierce, W Jol, HM AF Fisher, Timothy G. Loope, Walter L. Pierce, William Jol, Harry M. TI Big lake records preserved in a little lake's sediment: an example from Silver Lake, Michigan, USA SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the International-Association-for-Great-Lakes-Research CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, CANADA SP Int Assoc Great Lakes Res HO Univ Waterloo DE Nipissing phase; Lake Chippewa; Lake Algonquin; transgression; Silver Lake; Lake Michigan; holocene; vibracoring ID GREAT-LAKES; AGE CALIBRATION; HURON BASIN; LEVEL; HISTORY; SUPERIOR; CLIMATE; SHORE; ICE AB We reconstruct postglacial lake-level history within the Lake Michigan basin using soil stratigraphy, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), sedimentology and (14)C data from the Silver Lake basin, which lies adjacent to Lake Michigan. Stratigraphy in nine vibracores recovered from the floor of Silver Lake appears to reflect fluctuation of water levels in the Lake Michigan basin. Aeolian activity within the study area from 3,000 years (cal yr. B.P.) to the present was inferred from analysis of buried soils, an aerial photograph sequence, and GPR. Sediments in and around Silver Lake appear to contain a paleoenvironmental record that spans the entire post-glacial history of the Lake Michigan basin. We suggest that (1) a pre-Nipissing rather than a Nipissing barrier separated Silver Lake basin from the Lake Michigan basin, (2) that the Nipissing transgression elevated the water table in the Silver Lake basin about 6,500 cal yr. B.P., resulting in reestablishment of a lake within the basin, and (3) that recent dune migration into Silver Lake is associated with levels of Lake Michigan. C1 Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. US Geol Survey, Munising, MI 49862 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Fisher, TG (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, MS 604,2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM Timothy.Fisher@UToledo.edu RI Fisher, Timothy/C-2609-2011 NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 365 EP 382 DI 10.1007/s10933-006-9053-2 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 140DV UT WOS:000244485300005 ER PT J AU Rotzoll, K El-Kadi, AI Gingerich, SB AF Rotzoll, Koja El-Kadi, Aly I. Gingerich, Stephen B. TI Estimating hydraulic properties of volcanic aquifers using constant-rate and variable-rate aquifer tests SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE aquifer characteristics; aquifer pumping test; step-drawdown test; ground-water hydrology; kriging; Hawaii island aquifer; ground-water management ID TRANSMISSIVITY; CAPACITY AB In recent years the ground-water demand of the population of the island of Maui, Hawaii, has significantly increased. To ensure prudent management of the ground-water resources, an improved understanding of ground-water flow systems is needed. At present, large-scale estimations of aquifer properties are lacking for Maui. Seven analytical methods using constant-rate and variable-rate withdrawals for single wells provide an estimate of hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity for 103 wells in central Maui. Methods based on constantrate tests, although not widely used on Maui, offer reasonable estimates. Step-drawdown tests, which are more abundantly used than other tests, provide similar estimates as constant-rate tests. A numerical model validates the suitability of analytical solutions for step-drawdown tests and additionally provides an estimate of storage parameters. The results show that hydraulic conductivity is log-normally distributed and that for dike-free volcanic rocks it ranges over several orders of magnitude from 1 to 2,500 m/d. The arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and median values of hydraulic conductivity are respectively 520, 280, and 370 m/d for basalt and 80, 50, and 30 m/d for sediment. A geostatistical approach using ordinary kriging yields a prediction of hydraulic conductivity on a larger scale. Overall, the results are in agreement with values published for other Hawaiian islands. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Water Resources Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USGS, Pacific Isl Water Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Rotzoll, K (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1680 EW Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM kolja@hawaii.edu OI Gingerich, Stephen/0000-0002-4381-0746 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 334 EP 345 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00026.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 153PA UT WOS:000245446200005 ER PT J AU Bowles, ML Jacobs, KA Mengler, JL AF Bowles, Marlin L. Jacobs, Karel A. Mengler, Jeffrey L. TI Long-term changes in an oak forest's woody understory and herb layer with repeated burning SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE alien plants; Alliaria petiolata; canopy openness; cover; fire effects; ground layer; guild structure; Rhamnus cathartica; shrub layer; species richness; spring herbs; summer herbs ID PRESCRIBED FIRE; DECIDUOUS-FOREST; SOUTHERN WISCONSIN; HERBACEOUS LAYER; CENTRAL ILLINOIS; WOODLAND HERBS; VEGETATION; USA; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE AB Although fire exclusion is thought to be liked with declining plant diversity in oak forests, few studies have examined long-term changes in their shrub and ground layers resulting from repeated burning. In this study, we compare the composition and structure of woody understory and ground layer vegetation in burned and unburned oak forest after 17 years of annual dormant season low-intensity burns. Over time, burned forest had 97% reduction of shrubs and small saplings, but only 38% loss of stems in the > 5-10 cm size class. Canopy openness was similar in burned and unburned forest plots prior to the onset of burning, but it was significantly greater in burned forest after 17 years of fire. Ground layer vegetation structure also changed significantly, with responses differing by guilds. Spring herbs were the dominant guild before burning and did not change over time. However, cover and abundance of summer herbs increased over time in burned forest, probably in response to greater light assimilation under the more open canopy. This resulted in greater overall species richness in burned plots without loss of the spring herbs. Burning eliminated most alien shrubs, although common buckthorn persisted in small numbers. The alien herb garlic mustard also persisted and had greater abundance in burned plots, apparently by re-colonizing from unburned micro-habitats and adjacent forest. These results indicate that long-term burning can eliminate shrub and small sapling canopy cover, thereby increasing canopy openness and promoting greater richness and cover of summer forbs. Fire also probably had a positive effect on seedling establishment through removal of litter. Resulting tradeoffs to this gain in diversity include loss of native vines, shrubs, understory trees and forest interior bird habitat, as well as persistence of alien plants. C1 Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Barrington, IL 60010 USA. RP Bowles, ML (reprint author), Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. EM mbowles@mortonarb.org NR 78 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 39 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 134 IS 2 BP 223 EP 237 DI 10.3159/1095-5674(2007)134[223:LCIAOF]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 194OT UT WOS:000248354400007 ER PT J AU Laughlin, DC Abella, SR Covington, WW Grace, JB AF Laughlin, Daniel C. Abella, Scott R. Covington, W. Wallace Grace, James B. TI Species richness and soil properties in Pinus ponderosa forests: A structural equation modeling analysis SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diversity; nitrogen; organic matter; Populus tremuloides; soil texture; structural equation modeling ID ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; HERBACEOUS VEGETATION; MULTIVARIATE MODEL; COMMUNITY BIOMASS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; PRODUCTIVITY; NITROGEN; ARIZONA; DENSITY AB Question: How are the effects of mineral soil properties on understory plant species richness propagated through a network of processes involving the forest overstory, soil organic matter, soil nitrogen, and understory plant abundance? Location: North-central Arizona, USA. Methods: We sampled 75 0.05-ha plots across a broad soil gradient in a Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine) forest ecosystem. We evaluated multivariate models of plant species richness using structural equation modeling. Results: Richness was highest at intermediate levels of understory plant cover, suggesting that both colonization success and competitive exclusion can limit richness in this system. We did not detect a reciprocal positive effect of richness on plant cover. Richness was strongly related to soil nitrogen in the model, with evidence for both a direct negative effect and an indirect non-linear relationship mediated through understory plant cover. Soil organic matter appeared to have a positive influence on understory richness that was independent of soil nitrogen. Richness was lowest where the forest overstory was densest, which can be explained through indirect effects on soil organic matter, soil nitrogen and understory cover. Finally, model results suggest a variety of direct and indirect processes whereby mineral soil properties can influence richness. Conclusions: Understory plant species richness and plant cover in P. ponderosa forests appear to be significantly influenced by soil organic matter and nitrogen, which are, in turn, related to overstory density and composition and mineral soil properties. Thus, soil properties can impose direct and indirect constraints on local species diversity in ponderosa pine forests. C1 No Arizona Univ, Ecol Restorat Inst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Univ Nevada, Publ Lands Inst, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Laughlin, DC (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ecol Restorat Inst, POB 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM daniel.laughlin@nau.edu; scott.abella@unlv.edu; wally.covington@nau.edu; jim_grace@usgs.gov RI Rohlf, F/A-8710-2008; Laughlin, Daniel/G-8855-2012 NR 64 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 27 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI GRANGARDE PA GAMLA VAGEN 40, S-770 13 GRANGARDE, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 231 EP 242 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2007.tb02534.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 160IC UT WOS:000245933100009 ER PT J AU Saito, EK Sileo, L Green, DE Meteyer, CU McLaughlin, GS Converse, KA Docherty, DE AF Saito, Emi K. Sileo, Louis Green, D. Earl Meteyer, Carol U. McLaughlin, Grace S. Converse, Kathryn A. Docherty, Douglas E. TI Raptor mortality due to West Nile virus in the United States, 2002 SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian disease; avian viral infection; histopathology; raptor mortality; West Nile virus ID EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; ENCEPHALITIS; FLAVIVIRUS; FIXATION; BIRDS AB West Nile virus (WNV) has affected many thousands of birds since it was first detected in North America in 1999, but the overall impact on wild bird populations is unknown. In mid-August 2002, wildlife rehabilitators and local wildlife officials from multiple states began reporting increasing numbers of sick and dying raptors, mostly red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) and great horned owls (Bubo virginianus). Commonly reported clinical signs were nonspecific and included emaciation, lethargy, weakness, inability to perch, fly or stand, and nonresponse to danger. Raptor carcasses from 12 states were received, and diagnostic evaluation of 56 raptors implicated WNV infection in 40 (71%) of these cases. Histologically, nonsuppurative encephalitis and myocarditis were the salient lesions (79% and 61%, respectively). Other causes of death included lead poisoning, trauma, aspergillosis, and Salmonella spp. and Clostridium spp. infections. The reason(s) for tbe reported increase in raptor mortality due to WNV in 2002 compared with the previous WNV seasons is unclear, and a better understanding of the epizootiology and pathogenesis of the virus in raptor populations is needed. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Saito, EK (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, VS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM emi.k.saito@aphis.usda.gov NR 20 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 206 EP 213 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 177BW UT WOS:000247129600004 PM 17495304 ER PT J AU Danner, RM Goltz, DM Hess, SC Banko, PC AF Danner, Raymond M. Goltz, Daniel M. Hess, Steven C. Banko, Paul C. TI Evidence of feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, and Toxoplasma gondii in feral cats on Mauna Kea, Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Felis catus; feral cat; FeLV; FIV; Hawaii; Toxoplasma gondii ID INFECTION; FELV; SEAL AB We determined prevalence to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antibodies, feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen, and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in feral cats (Felis catus) on Mauna Kea Hawaii from April 2002 to May 2004. Six of 68 (8.8%) and 11 of 68 (16.2%) cats were antibody positive to FIV and antigen positive for FeLV, respectively; 25 of 67 (37.3%) cats were seropositive to T. gondii. Antibodies to FeLV and T. gondii occurred in all age and sex classes, but FIV occurred only in adult males. Evidence of current or previous infectious with two of these infectious agents was detected in eight of 64 cats (12.5%). Despite exposure to these infectious agents, feral cats remain abundant throughout the Hawaiian Islands. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, USGS Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Manoa, HI 96718 USA. RP Hess, SC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, USGS Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, POB 44,Hawaii Natl Pk, Manoa, HI 96718 USA. EM steve_hess@usgs.gov RI Danner, Raymond/J-8350-2013 OI Danner, Raymond/0000-0002-3999-8141 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 315 EP 318 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 177BW UT WOS:000247129600020 PM 17495320 ER PT J AU Myatt, NA Krementz, DG AF Myatt, Nick A. Krementz, David G. TI American woodcock fall migration using central region band-recovery and wing-collection survey data SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American woodcock; band recovery; breeding grounds; Central Region; fall migration; Scolopax minor; timing; wing receipt; wintering grounds ID MOVEMENTS AB Band-recovery and wing-collection survey data have the potential to provide information on American woodcock (Scolopax minor) fall migration ecology in the Central Region of the United States, yet researchers have not recently analyzed these extensive data sets. We analyzed all direct recoveries of woodcock banded in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, USA, as well as wing-collection survey data, to determine the progression of fall migration, the migration direction, and the final destination of woodcock migrating from these states. We did not observe migration initiation based on band recoveries until late October and early November, with most migration occurring during November. Wing-receipt data showed a similar trend, with most change in mean receipt latitude occurring from 1 November to S December. During November, wing receipts were spread through the entire Central Region. By 15-31 December, 92% (n = 26) of band recoveries were on the wintering grounds (south of latitude 33 degrees N). Most banded woodcock from Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin wintered in Louisiana, USA. Woodcock banded in these states will be exposed to harvest for most of the hunting season because they remain in these states through November. If the population status of local birds is a concern, managers should consider this migration pattern when setting season dates. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Myatt, NA (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wildlife Div, 3406 Cherry Ave NE, Salem, OR 97303 USA. EM Krementz@uark.edu NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 336 EP 344 DI 10.2193/2005-554 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 164RB UT WOS:000246250600006 ER PT J AU Thogmartin, WE Sauer, JR Knutson, MG AF Thogmartin, Wayne E. Sauer, John R. Knutson, Melinda G. TI Modeling and mapping abundance of American woodcock across the midwestern and northeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; conditional autoregression; count data; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Scolopax minor; Singing Ground Survey; spatial autocorrelation ID CERULEAN WARBLERS; GRASSLAND BIRDS; HABITAT; COVER; CONSERVATION AB We used an over-dispersed Poisson regression with fixed and random effects, fitted by Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, to model population spatial patterns of relative abundance of American woodcock (Scolopax minor) across its breeding range in the United States. We predicted North American woodcock Singing Ground Survey counts with a log-linear function of explanatory variables describing habitat, year effects, and observer effects. The model also included a conditional autoregressive term representing potential correlation between adjacent route counts. Categories of explanatory habitat variables in the model included land-cover composition, climate, terrain heterogeneity, and human influence. Woodcock counts were higher in landscapes with more forest, especially aspen (Populus tremuloides) and birch (Betula spp.) forest, and in locations with a high degree of interspersion among forest, shrubs, and grasslands. Woodcock counts were lower in landscapes with a high degree of human development. The most noteworthy practical application of this spatial modeling approach was the ability to map predicted relative abundance. Based on a map of predicted relative abundance derived from the posterior parameter estimates, we identified major concentrations of woodcock abundance in east-central Minnesota, USA, the intersection of Vermont, USA, New York, USA, and Ontario, Canada, the upper peninsula of Michigan, USA, and St. Lawrence County, New York. The functional relations we elucidated for the American woodcock provide a basis for the development of management programs and the model and map may serve to focus management and monitoring on areas and habitat features important to American woodcock. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 376 EP 382 DI 10.2193/2005-680 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 164RB UT WOS:000246250600010 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MH Citta, JJ AF Reynolds, Michelle H. Citta, John J. TI Postfledging survival of Laysan ducks SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas laysanensis; Barker model; density dependence; endangered species; Laysan Island; Laysan teal; random effects; survival probability; translocation ID TEMPORAL VARIATION; MARKED ANIMALS; POPULATIONS; RECOVERY; MALLARDS; ISLAND AB Precise and unbiased estimates of demographic parameters are necessary for effective population monitoring and to parameterize population models (e.g., population viability analyses). This is especially important for endangered species, where recovery planning and managers' decisions can influence species persistence. In this study, we used mark-recapture methods to estimate survival of fledged juveniles (hatch-yr [HY]) and adult (after-hatch-yr [AHY]) Laysan ducks (Anas laysanensis), an endangered anatid restricted to Laysan Island in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands. To better understand population dynamics, we examined how survival varied as a function of Laysan duck density during 1998-2004. Using random effects models, we also quantified process variation in survival, thereby quantifying the appropriate source of variation for future population models. The dataset supported variation in survival that was time (yr), age (AHY vs. HY), and sex specific. Due to small sample sizes, we did not examine time specificity in the survival of HY ducks. Survival of HY ducks was 0.832 (SE = 0.087) for females (n = 21) and 0.999 (SE < 0.001) for males (n = 15) during 1998-2001. Trends in time and density lacked support as sources of variation in the survival of AHY ducks during 1998-2004. After-hatch-year survival ranged from 0.792 (SE = 0.033) to 0.999 (SE < 0.001). Where we modeled survival as a random effect, annual survival for AHY females was 0.981 (SE = 0.017) and process variation (sigma(S)) was 0.034. For AHY males, annual survival (mu(S)) was 0.906 (SE = 0.019) and process variation (sigma(S)) was 0.040. This information will improve existing population viability analysis models for Laysan ducks. We believe that monitoring the source and translocation populations will be paramount for increasing our understanding of Laysan duck dynamics, recovery planning, and population management. C1 Univ Hawaii Hilo, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Cooperat Studie Unit PACRC,US Geol Survey, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Reynolds, MH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Hilo, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Cooperat Studie Unit PACRC,US Geol Survey, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM michelle_reynolds@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 383 EP 388 DI 10.2193/2005-674 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 164RB UT WOS:000246250600011 ER PT J AU Wilson, HM Flint, PL Moran, CL Powell, AN AF Wilson, Heather M. Flint, Paul L. Moran, Christine L. Powell, Abby N. TI Survival of breeding pacific common eiders on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE adult female apparent survival; Alaska; mark-recapture; Pacific common cider; Somateria mollissima v-nigrum; Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta ID SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; SPECTACLED EIDERS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ADULT SURVIVAL; MARKED ANIMALS; FEMALE EIDERS; LIFE-HISTORY; BEAUFORT SEA; BLACK BRANT; HABITAT USE AB Populations of Pacific common ciders (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum) breeding in Alaska, USA, have declined markedly over the past 40 years. We studied survival of adult female Pacific common eiders using capture-recapture of nesting hens at 3 sites on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD), Alaska from 1994 to 2004. We used data consisting of 268 recapture events from 361 uniquely marked individuals to investigate temporal, geographic, and environmental variation in adult female survival. Our results suggest apparent annual survival of adult ciders from the YKD was high (0.892, SE = 0.022) and spatially and temporally invariant (sigma(2) = 0.005), a pattern consistent with other long-lived marine birds. Moreover, our results suggest adult survival may be functionally fixed for Pacific common eiders, and at the present, adult survival may be relatively unresponsive to environmental or management perturbations. Our data did not support hypothesized variation in survival relative to mortality factors such as predation on breeding grounds, physiologic costs of reproduction, and wintering conditions. Although changes in adult survival likely have a large potential effect on prospective population growth, our results suggest viable management actions aimed at increasing survival may be extremely limited. C1 Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Wilson, HM (reprint author), US State Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Waterfowl Management Branch, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM fthmw@uaf.edu OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X; Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 NR 72 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 403 EP 410 DI 10.2193/2005-776 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 164RB UT WOS:000246250600014 ER PT J AU Elmore, RD Vilella, FJ Gerard, PD AF Elmore, R. Dwayne Vilella, Francisco J. Gerard, Patrick D. TI Landscape correlates along mourning dove call-count routes in Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE call counts; geographic infromation system; habitat correlations; Mississippi; mourning dove; Zenaida macroura AB Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) call-count surveys in Mississippi, USA, suggest declining populations. We used available mourning dove call-count data to evaluate long-term mourning dove habitat relationships. Dove routes were located in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, Deep Loess Province, Mid Coastal Plain, and Hilly Coastal Plain physiographic provinces of Mississippi. We also included routes in the Blackbelt Prairie region of Mississippi and Alabama, USA. We characterized landscape structure and composition within 1.64-km buffers around 10 selected mourning dove call-count routes during 3 time periods. Habitat classes included agriculture, forest, urban, regeneration stands, wetland, and woodlot. We used Akaike's Information Criterion to select the best candidate model. We selected a model containing percent agriculture and edge density that contained approximately 40% of the total variability in the data set. Percent agriculture was positively correlated with relative dove abundance. Interestingly, we found a negative relationship between edge density and dove abundance. Researchers should conduct future research on dove nesting patterns in Mississippi and threshold levels of edge necessary to maximize dove density. During the last 20 years, Mississippi lost more than 800,000 ha of cropland while forest cover represented largely by pine (Pinus taeda) plantations increased by more than 364,000 ha. Our results suggest observed localized declines in mourning dove abundance in Mississippi may be related to the documented conversion of agricultural lands to pine plantations. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Elmore, RD (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 008C Ag Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM fvilella@cfr.msstate.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 422 EP 427 DI 10.2193/2004-267 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 164RB UT WOS:000246250600016 ER PT J AU Longcore, JR Longcore, JE Pessier, AP Halteman, WA AF Longcore, Jerry R. Longcore, Joyce E. Pessier, Allan P. Halteman, Willlam A. TI Chytridiomycosis widespread in anurans of northeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE amphibians; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; chytridiomycosis; diagnosis; ecology; Maine; Northeast; prevalence ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; CHYTRID FUNGUS; CUTANEOUS CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; CENTRAL-AMERICA; FROGS; RANA; MORTALITY; PATHOGEN AB An emerging disease of amphibians caused by the chytrid fungus Batracbochytrium dendrobatidis has been associated with morbidity, mortality, and extinction of species. Typically, researchers have detected B. dendrobatidis only when examining amphibians for causes of mortalities; few data exist on infection rates where mortalities are lacking. During May-September 2000-2002 we obtained amphibian specimens killed by vehicles and others collected at remote off-road sites throughout Maine, USA, and from federal lands in 5 states in the Northeast. We detected infected specimens, mostly green frogs (Rana clamitans), at 5 of 7 national wildlife refuges, a federal waterfowl production area, and Acadia National Park. Seven of 9 species, including all Ranidae species, were infected throughout Maine; rates ranged from 14.6% in American toads (Bufo americanus) to 25.7% in northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). We did not detect any infections in 50 eastern gray tree frogs (Hyla versicolor) or 21 spring peepers (Pseudacris crucifer). Species that hibernate in terrestrial habitats seem to have lower rates of infection than species that hibernate in aquatic habitats. Infections peaked in spring and autumn and were associated with air temperatures optimal for B. dendrobatidis growth. The relatively high infection rates among species without documented die-offs suggest that either losses have occurred undetected, that the fungus is endemic and species have attained a level of resistance to infections becoming lethal, or that climatic conditions of the Northeast have a role in preventing infections from being lethal. Data on prevalence and distribution of this chytrid fungus in the Northeast may be useful in modeling its origins and predicting long-term ecosystem effects involving anurans. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Zool Soc San Diego, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. RP Longcore, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 5768 S Annex A, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Jerry_Longcore@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 81 Z9 114 U1 7 U2 56 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 435 EP 444 DI 10.2193/2006-345 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 164RB UT WOS:000246250600018 ER PT J AU Conway, CJ Kirkpatrick, C AF Conway, Courtney J. Kirkpatrick, Chris TI Effect of forest fire suppression on buff-breasted flycatchers SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE buff-breasted flycatcher; burn severity; detection probability; Empidonax fulviftons; fire suppression; forest fire; population trend; range contraction; Sky Island Mountains; southwestern United States ID ABUNDANCE; ARIZONA; RANGE AB Buff-breasted flycatchers (Empidonax fulvifrons) are rare in the United States due to a >90% reduction in breeding distribution. Previous authors have implicated fire suppression in montane woodlands as the underlying cause of population declines and range contraction. We examined the effect of fire suppression on population declines of buff-breasted flycatchers by comparing both presence and abundance of flycatchers in areas with and without evidence of recent fire in 9 mountain ranges in southern Arizona, USA. We also replicated previous survey efforts conducted in 1980-1983 and 1995-1996 to determine population trajectory. Twenty-two (63%) of 35 survey routes had negative trends, and the average slope of the declines was -0.105 (10.5% annual decline). The number of buff-breasted flycatchers detected at a survey point was positively associated with severity of recent fires, and flycatchers were particularly associated with areas that had evidence of high-severity surface fire. However, we failed to detect flycatchers in 5 canyons that recently burned, which suggests one or more of the following: 1) fire suppression is not the cause (or is not the main cause) of population decline and range contraction, 2) flycatchers do not colonize burned areas until >10 years postfire, 3) low- or medium-severity fires are insufficient to make fire-suppressed areas suitable for breeding flycatchers, or 4) local recruitment and immigration are insufficient to allow buff-breasted flycatchers to expand into recent fire-restored areas. Continued suppression of high-severity forest fires in the southwestern United States may eventually result in the extirpation of buff-breasted flycatchers. A landscape that includes a mosaic of recently burned and unburned forest patches appears to be most suitable for buff-breasted flycatchers. Prescribed burning is unlikely to help restore flycatcher populations unless burns are of high severity, conditions typically avoided during prescribed burns for safety reasons. C1 Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Conway, CJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, 104 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cconway@ag.arizona.edu NR 63 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 445 EP 457 DI 10.2193/2005-755 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 164RB UT WOS:000246250600019 ER PT J AU Kindall, JL Van Manen, FT AF Kindall, Jason L. Van Manen, Frank T. TI Identifying habitat linkages for American black bears in North Carolina, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American black bear; habitat analysis; habitat linkages; least-cost-path; North Carolina; transportation infrastructure; Ursus americanus; weights-of-evidence ID CONNECTIVITY; TRIANGULATION; CONSERVATION; CORRIDORS; MOVEMENT; WILDLIFE; ERROR AB Understanding landscape structure and the role of habitat linkages is important to managing wildlife populations in fragmented landscapes. We present a data-based method for identifying local- and regional-scale habitat linkages for American black bears (Ursus americanus) on the Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula of North Carolina, USA. We used weights-of-evidence, a discrete multivariate technique for combining spatial data, to make predictions about bear habitat use from 1,771 telemetry locations on 2 study areas (n = 35 bears). The model included 3 variables measured at a 0.2-km(2) scale: forest cohesion, forest diversity, and forest-agriculture edge density, adequately describing important habitat characteristics for bears on our study area. We used 2 categories of unique habitat conditions to delineate favorable bear habitat, which correctly classified 79.5% of the bear locations in a 10-fold model validation. Forest cohesion and forest-agriculture edge density were the most powerful predictors of black bear habitat use. We used predicted probabilities of bear occurrence from the model to delineate habitat linkages among local and regional areas where bear densities were relatively high. Our models clearly identified 2 of the 3 sites previously recommended for wildlife underpasses on a new, 4-lane highway in the study area. Our approach yielded insights into how landscape metrics can be integrated to identify linkages suitable as habitat and dispersal routes. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Kindall, JL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, 274 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM vanmanen@utk.edu NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 7 U2 27 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 487 EP 495 DI 10.2193/2005-709 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 164RB UT WOS:000246250600023 ER PT J AU Sedinger, JS Nicolai, CA Lensink, CJ Wentworth, C Conant, B AF Sedinger, James S. Nicolai, Christopher A. Lensink, Calvin J. Wentworth, Cynthila Conant, Bruce TI Black brant harvest, density dependence, and survival: A record of poputlation dynamics SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black brant; Branta bernicla nigricans; density dependence; harvest; population dynamics; survival ID LESSER SNOW GEESE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; BERNICLA-NIGRICANS; MARKED ANIMALS; BARNACLE GEESE; BODY-SIZE; RATES; MALLARDS; GROWTH AB We analyzed 53 years of banding and band recovery data along with estimates of harvest and population size to assess the role of harvest and density dependence in survival patterns and population dynamics of black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) over the period 1950-2003. The black brant population has declined steadily since complete annual surveys began in 1960, so the role of harvest in the dynamics of this population is of considerable interest. We used Brownie models implemented in Program MARK to analyze banding data. In some models, we incorporated estimated sport harvest to test hypotheses about the role of harvest in survival. We also examined the hypothesis of density-dependent regulation of mortality by incorporating estimates of population size as a covariate into models of survival. For a shorter period (1985-2003), we also assessed hypotheses about the role of subsistence harvest and predation as sources of mortality. The best supported model of variation in survival and band recovery allowed survival rates to vary among 2 age classes (juv, second-yr plus ad brant) and the 2 sexes. We constrained survival probabilities to be constant within decades but allowed them to vary among decades. We also constrained band recovery rates to be constant within decades and to vary in parallel among age and sex classes. We were limited to decade-specific estimates of survival and band recovery rates because some years before 1984 lacked any banding, and banding in some other years was sparse. A competitive model constrained survival estimates to be the same for males and females. No model containing harvest or population size was competitive with models lacking these covariates (relative quasi-Akaike's Information Criterion adjusted for small sample size [Delta QAIC(c)] > 13). In the best supported model, band recovery rates declined from 0.038 +/- 0.0028 (F) and 0.040 +/- 0.0031 (M) to 0.007 +/- 0.0007 (F) and 0.007 +/- 0.0007 (M) between the 1950s and 2000s, a clear indication that harvest rates declined over this period. Survival rates increased from 0.70 +/- 0.02 and 0.71 +/- 0.02 for adult males and females, respectively, in the 1950s to 0.88 +/- 0.009 and 0.88 +/- 0.01 for males and females, respectively, in the 1990s. Survival rates in the 1990s were among the highest estimated for brant and did not increase in the 2000s with additional reductions in sport harvest. For the shorter data set from 1985 to 2003, models containing covariates for either sport or subsistence harvest were less competitive than models lacking these terms (Delta QAIC(c) > 3). For the best model containing subsistence harvest, the estimate of P linking subsistence harvest to survival, although imprecisely estimated, was near zero (P = -0.04 +/- 0.30), consistent with the hypothesis that subsistence harvest had little impact on survival during this period. We conclude that while harvest likely influenced survival and population dynamics in earlier decades, it is most likely that continued population decline at least since 1990 is a result of low recruitment. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Buffalo, MN 55313 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Off Migratory Bird Management, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Sedinger, JS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM jsedinger@cabnr.unr.edu NR 63 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 496 EP 506 DI 10.2193/2005-768 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 164RB UT WOS:000246250600024 ER PT J AU Davis, JB Cox, RR Kaminski, RM Leopold, BD AF Davis, J. Brian Cox, Robert R., Jr. Kaminski, Richard M. Leopold, Bruce D. TI Survival of wood duck ducklings and broods in Mississippi and Alabama SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aix sponsa; Alabama; brood; duckling; habitat; Mississippi; nest box; radiotelemetry; survival; wood duck ID NORTHERN PINTAIL DUCKLINGS; MALLARD DUCKLINGS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; NEST SITES; SIZE; RECRUITMENT; MINNESOTA; MISSOURI; PATTERNS; DENSITY AB Although North American wood ducks (Aix sponsa) are well-studied throughout their range, researchers know little about demographic and environmental factors influencing survival of ducklings and broods, which is necessary information for population management. We studied radiomarked female and duckling wood ducks that used nest boxes and palustrine wetlands at Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge (NNWR) in Mississippi, USA, in 1996-1999, and riverine wetlands of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Rivers and Waterway (TTRW) system in Alabama in 1998-1999. We estimated survival of ducklings and broods and evaluated potentially important predictors of duckling survival, including age and body mass of brood-rearing females, hatch date of ducklings, duckling mass, brood size at nest departure, inter-day travel distance by ducklings, site and habitat use, and daily minimum air temperature and precipitation. At NNWR, survival of 300 radiomarked ducklings ranged from 0.15 (95% Cl = 0.04-0.27) to 0.24 (95% CI = 0.13-0.38) and was 0.21 (95% CI = 0.15-0.28) for 1996-1999. Our overall estimate of brood survival was 0.64 (n = 91; 95% CI = 0.54-0.73). At TTRW, survival of 129 radiomarked ducklings was 0.29 in 1998 (95% CI = 0.20-0.41) and 1999 (95% CI = 0.13-0.45) and was 0.29 (95% CI = 0.20-0.40) for 1998-1999. Our overall estimate of brood survival was 0.71 (n = 38; 95% CI = 0.56-0.85). At NNWR, models that included all predictor variables best explained variation in duckling survival. Akaike weight (w(i)) for the best model was 0.81, suggesting it was superior to other models (<0.01 <= w(i) <= 0.18). We detected 4 competing models for duckling survival at TTRW. Inter-day distance traveled by ducklings was important as this variable appeared in all 4 models; duckling survival was positively related to this variable. Patterns of habitat-related survival were similar at both study areas. Ducklings in broods that used scrub-shrub habitats disjunct from wetlands containing aggregations of nest boxes had greater survival probabilities than birds remaining in wetlands with such nest structures. Managers may increase local wood duck recruitment by promoting availability of suitable brood habitats (e.g., scrub-shrub wetlands) without aggregations of nest boxes that may attract predators and by dispersing nest boxes amid or adjacent to these habitats. We did not determine an optimal density of nest boxes relative to local or regional population goals, which remains important research and conservation needs. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Davis, JB (reprint author), Ducks Unltd Inc, 261 Newman Dr, N Little Rock, AR 72117 USA. EM bdavis2@ducks.org NR 80 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 507 EP 517 DI 10.2193/2005-720 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 164RB UT WOS:000246250600025 ER PT J AU Hennenlan, C Mcleod, MA Andersen, DE AF Hennenlan, Carlene Mcleod, Mary Anne Andersen, David E. TI Red-shouldered hawk occupancy surveys in central Minnesota, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Buteo lineatus; Minnesota; occupancy; presence-absence; probability of detection; red-shouldered hawk ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; NORTHERN GOSHAWKS; BROADCAST; CALLS AB Forest-dwelling raptors are often difficult to detect because many species occur at low density or are secretive. Broadcasting conspecific vocalizations can increase the probability of detecting forest-dwelling raptors and has been shown to be an effective method for locating raptors and assessing their relative abundance. Recent advances in statistical techniques based on presence-absence data use probabilistic arguments to derive probability of detection when it is <1 and to provide a model and likelihood-based method for estimating proportion of sites occupied. We used these maximum-likelihood models with data from red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus) can-broadcast surveys conducted in central Minnesota, USA, in 1994-1995 and 2004-2005. Our objectives were to obtain estimates of occupancy and detection probability 1) over multiple sampling seasons (yr), 2) incorporating within-season time-specific detection probabilities, 3) with call type and breeding stage included as covariates in models of probability of detection, and 4) with different sampling strategies. We visited individual survey locations 2-9 times per year, and estimates of both probability of detection (range = 0.28-0.54) and site occupancy (range = 0.81-0.97) varied among years. Detection probability was affected by inclusion of a within-season time-specific covariate, call type, and breeding stage. In 2004 and 2005 we used survey results to assess the effect that number of sample locations, double sampling, and discontinued sampling had on parameter estimates. We found that estimates of probability of detection and proportion of sites occupied were similar across different sampling strategies, and we suggest ways to reduce sampling effort in a monitoring program. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hennenlan, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM henn0292@umn.edu NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 526 EP 533 DI 10.2193/2006-013 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 164RB UT WOS:000246250600027 ER PT J AU Lindberg, MS Ward, DH Tibbitts, TL Roser, J AF Lindberg, Mark S. Ward, David H. Tibbitts, T. Lee Roser, John TI Winter movement dynamics of black brant SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE brant; goose management; movement; population dynamics ID SNOW GEESE; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; BERNICLA-NIGRICANS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; ANNUAL SURVIVAL; MARKED ANIMALS; ZOSTERA-MARINA; SITE FIDELITY; NORTH PACIFIC; CLUTCH SIZE AB Although North American.geese are managed based on their breeding distributions, the dynamics of those breeding populations may be affected by events that occur during the winter. Birth rates of capital breeding geese may be influenced by wintering conditions, mortality may be influenced by timing of migration and wintering distribution, and immigration and emigration among breeding populations may depend on winter movement and timing of pair formation. We examined factors affecting movements of black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) among their primary wintering sites in Mexico and southern California, USA, (Mar 1998-Mar 2000) using capture-recapture models. Although brant exhibited high probability (>0.85) of monthly and annual fidelity to the wintering sites we sampled, we observed movements among all wintering sites. Movement probabilities both within and among winters were negatively related to distance between sites. We observed a higher probability both of southward movement between winters (Mar to Dec) and northward movement between months within winters. Between-winter movements were probably most strongly affected by spatial and temporal variation in habitat quality as we saw movement patterns consistent with contrasting environmental conditions (e.g., La Nina and El Nino southern oscillation cycles). Month-to-month movements were related to migration patterns and may also have been affected by differences in habitat conditions among sites. Patterns of winter movements indicate that a network of wintering sites may be necessary for effective conservation of brant. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Biol Sci Off, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Lindberg, MS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, POB 757000, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffmsl1@uaf.edu NR 50 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 534 EP 540 DI 10.2193/2006-051 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 164RB UT WOS:000246250600028 ER PT J AU Gregg, MA Dunbar, MR Crawford, JA AF Gregg, Michael A. Dunbar, Mike R. Crawford, John A. TI Use of implanted radiotransmitters to estimate survival of greater sage-grouse chicks SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; chick; hatchling; mortality; radiotransmitter; sage-grouse; subcutaneous implant; survival; telemetry ID ATTACHING RADIO TRANSMITTERS; WILD TURKEY POULTS; CENTRAL WASHINGTON; HABITAT USE; DUCKLINGS AB Reduced chick survival has been implicated in declines of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) populations. Because monitoring survival of unmarked sage-grouse chicks is difficult, radiotelemetry may be an effective technique to estimate survival rates, identify causes of mortality, and collect ecological data. Previous studies have used subcutaneous implants to attach radiotransmitters to hatchlings of several species of birds with precocial young. Previous researchers who used subcutaneous implants in free-ranging populations removed chicks from the capture location and implanted transmitters at an alternate site. Because logistics precluded removing newly hatched greater sage-grouse chicks from the field, we evaluated a method for implanting transmitters at capture locations. We captured 288 chicks from 52 broods and monitored 296 radiomarked chicks daily for 28 days following capture during May and June 2001-2002. Two (<1%) chicks died during surgery and we did not radiomark them. At the end of the monitoring period, 26 chicks were alive and 212 were dead. Most (98%, 207/212) radiomarked chick mortality occurred <= 21 days posthatch and predation (82%, 174/212) was the primary cause of death. Necropsies of 22 radiomarked chicks did not indicate inflammation or infection from implants, and they were not implicated in the death of any chicks. Fate of 49 chicks was unknown because of transmitter loss (n = 16), radio failure (n = 29), and brood mixing (n = 3). Overall, the 28-day chick survival rate was 0.220 (SE = 0.028). We found that mortalities related to the implant procedure and transmitter loss were similar to rates reported by previous researchers who removed chicks from capture sites and implanted transmitters at an alternate location. Subcutaneous implants may be a useful method for attaching transmitters to newly hatched sage-grouse chicks to estimate survival rates, identify causes of mortality, and collect ecological data. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sheldon Hart Mt Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gregg, MA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hanford Reach Natl Monument, 3250 Port Benton Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM mike_gregg@fws.gov NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 646 EP 651 DI 10.2193/2006-353 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 164RB UT WOS:000246250600044 ER PT J AU Rodda, GH Savidge, JA Tyrrell, CL Christy, MT Ellingson, AR AF Rodda, Gordon H. Savidge, Julie A. Tyrrell, Claudine L. Christy, Michelle T. Ellingson, Aaron R. TI Size bias in visual searches and trapping of brown treesnakes on Guam SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Boiga irregularis; brown treesnake; control techniques; eradication; Guam; invasive species; snake trapping ID SNAKE BOIGA-IRREGULARIS; FOOD-HABITS; ISLAND; PREDATOR AB The accidental introduction of the brown treesnake (BTS; Boiga irregularis) to the island of Guam after World War II set off a chain of bird, bat, and lizard extirpations. Fortunately, many of the eliminated species have the potential to be restored following population reduction or eradication of the snake. The primary operational tool for population reduction is an effective snake trap, but areas subjected to long-term trapping continue to support BTS, suggesting that some adult snakes are refractory to trapping. We closed a 5-ha area to BTS emigration and immigration and surveyed the population using trapping and visual surveys to determine whether a refractory stratum of adult snakes existed and if trapping was effective for snakes of all sizes. Our surveys included 101 trapping occasions and 109 visual surveys over 309 days, resulting in 2,522 detections of 122 individuals. We detected 44 of 45 supplemented snakes by this intensive sampling effort, which also revealed that trapping was fully effective for snakes >900 mm in snout-vent length (SVL), partially effective for snakes 700-900 mm SVL, and totally ineffective for smaller juveniles (350-700 mm, SVL). Visual searching was effective for snakes of an sizes. As BTS mature at approximately 950-1,050 turn SVL, continuous trapping should suffice to eliminate recruitment in the absence of immigration. Immigration or inadequate effort is most likely responsible for the persistence of BTS in areas subject to long-term trapping. Thus, current efforts to capture trap-refractory adult snakes with alternate control tools are less likely to be successful than immigration barriers alone or in combination with elevated capture effort. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Rodda, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Gordon_Rodda@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 656 EP 661 DI 10.2193/2005-742 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 164RB UT WOS:000246250600046 ER PT J AU Lotz, A Allen, CR AF Lotz, Aaron Allen, Craig R. TI Observer bias in anuran call surveys SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE amphibians; anuran call surveys; monitoring; observer bias; rainwater basin; wetlands ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; TOAD BUFO-CALAMITA; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; AMPHIBIAN ASSEMBLAGES; BIRD SURVEYS; LANDSCAPE; FROGS; FRAGMENTATION; HABITAT; POPULATIONS AB Amphibian monitoring programs rarely question the quality of data obtained by observers and often ignore observer bias. In order to test for bias in amphibian call surveys, we sampled 29 clusters of wetlands from the Rainwater Basin, Nebraska, USA, totaling 228 functionally connected wetlands. Sampling consisted of 3-minute stops where volunteers recorded species heard and made digital recordings. Based on 627 samples, we examined 3 types of observer bias: omission, false inclusion (commission), and incorrect identification. Misidentification rates ranged from 4.2% to 18.3%. Relatively high and unquantified error rates can negatively affect the ability of monitoring programs to accurately detect the population or abundance trends for which most were designed. C1 Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Lotz, A (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM drlotz@bigred.unl.edu NR 45 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 23 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 675 EP 679 DI 10.2193/2005-759 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 164RB UT WOS:000246250600050 ER PT J AU Collins, BM Kelly, M van Wagtendonk, JW Stephens, SL AF Collins, Brandon M. Kelly, Maggi van Wagtendonk, Jan W. Stephens, Scott L. TI Spatial patterns of large natural fires in Sierra Nevada wilderness areas SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire ecology; normalized burn ratio; dNBR; prescribed natural fire; regression tree; wildland fire use ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; JEFFREY PINE; REGRESSION TREES; GRAND-CANYON; LANDSCAPE; REGIMES; USA; CALIFORNIA; SEVERITY AB The effects of fire on vegetation vary based on the properties and amount of existing biomass (or fuel) in a forest stand, weather conditions, and topography. Identifying controls over the spatial patterning of fire-induced vegetation change, or fire severity, is critical in understanding fire as a landscape scale process. We use gridded estimates of fire severity, derived from Landsat ETM+ imagery, to identify the biotic and abiotic factors contributing to the observed spatial patterns of fire severity in two large natural fires. Regression tree analysis indicates the importance of weather, topography, and vegetation variables in explaining fire severity patterns between the two fires. Relative humidity explained the highest proportion of total sum of squares throughout the Hoover fire (Yosemite National Park, 2001). The lowest fire severity corresponded with increased relative humidity. For the Williams fire (Sequoia/Kings Canyon National Parks, 2003) dominant vegetation type explains the highest proportion of sum of squares. Dominant vegetation was also important in determining fire severity throughout the Hoover fire. In both fires, forest stands that were dominated by lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) burned at highest severity, while red fir (Abies magnifica) stands corresponded with the lowest fire severities. There was evidence in both fires that lower wind speed corresponded with higher fire severity, although the highest fire severity in the Williams fire occurred during increased wind speed. Additionally, in the vegetation types that were associated with lower severity, burn severity was lowest when the time since last fire was fewer than 11 and 17 years for the Williams and Hoover fires, respectively. Based on the factors and patterns identified, managers can anticipate the effects of management ignited and naturally ignited fires at the forest stand and the landscape levels. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Western Ecol Res Ctr, United State Geol Survey, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP Collins, BM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Dept, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bcollins@nature.berkeley.edu OI Kelly, Nina Maggi/0000-0002-0198-2822 NR 43 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 545 EP 557 DI 10.1007/s10980-006-9047-5 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 151NF UT WOS:000245296600006 ER PT J AU Laing, KJ Dutton, S Hansen, JD AF Laing, Kerry J. Dutton, Stacey Hansen, John D. TI Molecular and biochemical analysis of rainbow trout LCK suggests a conserved mechanism for T-cell signaling in gnathostomes SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lck; T lymphocyte; rainbow trout; salmonid ID N-TERMINAL REGION; FAMILY KINASE LCK; TYROSINE KINASE; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; LYMPHOCYTE-ACTIVATION; CYTOPLASMIC DOMAINS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; MESSENGER-RNA; TELEOST FISH AB Two genes were identified in rainbow trout that display high sequence identity to vertebrate Lck. Both of the trout Lck transcripts are associated with lymphoid tissues and were found to be highly expressed in IgNI-negative lymphocytes. In vitro analysis of trout lymphocytes indicates that trout Lck mRNA is up-regulated,by T-cell mitogens, supporting an evolutionarily conserved function for Lck in the signaling pathways of T-lymphocytes. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of a specific monoclonal antibody raised against the N-terminal domains of recombinant trout Lck that can recognize Lck protein(s) from trout thymocyte lysates that are similar in size (similar to 57 kDa) to mammalian Lck. This antibody also reacted with permeabilized lymphocytes during FACS analysis, indicating its potential usage for cellular analyses of trout lymphocytes, thus representing an important tool for investigations of salmonid T-cell function. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USGS, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98185 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Neurosci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), USGS, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE,65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jhansen@usgs.gov RI Laing, Kerry/C-2211-2008 OI Laing, Kerry/0000-0001-9245-5325 NR 47 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 10 BP 2737 EP 2748 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.11.021 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 156WS UT WOS:000245681200026 PM 17178421 ER PT J AU Zaw, K Peters, SG Cook, NJ Hou, ZQ AF Zaw, Khin Peters, Stephen G. Cook, Nigel J. Hou, Zengqian TI Mineral deposits of South China: Preface SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Tasmania, CODES ARC Ctr Excellence Ore Deposits, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Oslo, Museum Nat Hist, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geol, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. RP Zaw, K (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, CODES ARC Ctr Excellence Ore Deposits, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM Khin.Zaw@utas.edu.au RI Cook, Nigel/A-4892-2009; Zaw, Khin/A-1406-2014 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD APR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2006.01.005 PG 2 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 159EF UT WOS:000245847500001 ER PT J AU Zaw, K Peters, SG Cromie, P Burrett, C Hou, ZQ AF Zaw, Khin Peters, Stephen G. Cromie, Paul Burrett, Clive Hou, Zengqian TI Nature, diversity of deposit types and metallogenic relations of South China SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE mineral deposits; metallogeny; base metals; gold; South China; SE Asia; China ID REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSITS; ORE-FORMING FLUIDS; BLACK SHALE SERIES; EAST-CENTRAL CHINA; ZN-PB DEPOSIT; GOLD DEPOSITS; HUNAN PROVINCE; JIANGXI PROVINCE; SW CHINA AB The South China Region is rich in mineral resources and has a wide diversity of deposit types. The region has undergone multiple tectonic and magmatic events and related metallogenic processes throughout the earth history. These tectonic and metallogenic processes were responsible for the formation of the diverse styles of base and precious metal deposits in South China making it one of the resource-rich regions in the world. During the Proterozoic, the South China Craton was characterised by rifting of continental margin before eruption of submarine volcanics and development of platform carbonate rocks, and the formation of VHMS, stratabound copper and MVT deposits. The Phanerozoic metallogeny of South China was related to opening and closing of the Tethyan Ocean involving multiple orogenies by subduction, back-arc rifting, arc-continent collision and post-collisional extension during the Indosinian (Triassic), Yanshanian (Jurassic to Cretaceous) and Himalayan (Tertiary) Orogenies. The Late Palaeozoic was a productive metallogenic period for South China resulting from break-up and rifting of Gondwana. Significant stratabound base and precious metal deposits were formed during the Devonian and Carboniferous (e.g., Fankou and Dabaoshan deposits). These Late Palaeozoic SEDEX-style deposits have been often overprinted by skarn systems associated with Yanshanian magmatism (e.g., Cbengmenshan, Dongguashan and Qixiashan). A number of Late Palaeozoic to Early Mesozoic VHMS deposits also developed in the Sanjiang fold belt in the western part of South China (e.g., Laochang and Gacun). South China has significant sedimentary rock-hosted Carlin-like deposits, which occur in the Devonian- to Triassic-aged accretionary wedge or rift basins at the margin of the South China Craton. They are present in a region at the junction of Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi Provinces called the `Southern Golden Triangle', and are also present in NW Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi, in an area known as the `Northern Golden Triangle' of China. These deposits are mostly epigenetic hydrothermal microndisseminated gold deposits with associated As, Hg, Sb+Tl mineralisation similar to Carlin-type deposits in USA. The important deposits in the Southern Golden Triangle are Jinfeng (Lannigou), Zimudang, Getang, Yata and Banqi in Guizhou Province, and the Jinya and Gaolong deposits in Guangxi District. The most important deposits in the Northern Golden Triangle are the Dongbeizhai and Qiaoqiaoshang deposits. Many porphyry-related polymetallic copper-lead-zinc and gold skam deposits occur in South China. These deposits are related to Indosinian (Triassic) and Yanshanian (Jurassic to Cretaceous) magmatism associated with collision of the South China and North China Cratons and westward subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific Plate. Most of these deposits are distributed along the Lower to Middle Yangtze River metallogenic belt. The most significant deposits are Tonglushan, Jilongshan, Fengshandong, Shitouzui and Jiguanzui. Au-(Ag-Mo)-rich porphyry-related Cu-Fe skarn deposits are also present (Chengmenshan and Wushan in Jiangxi Province and Xinqiao, Mashan-Tianmashan, Shizishan and Huangshilaoshan in Anhui Province). The South China fold belt extending from Fujian to Zhejiang Provinces is characterised by well-developed Yanshanian intrusive to subvolcanic rocks associated with porphyry to epithermal type mineralisation and mesothermal vein deposits. The largest porphyry copper deposit in China, Dexing, occurs in Jiangxi Province and is hosted by Yanshanian granodiorite. The high-sulphidation epithermal system occurs at the Zijinshan district in Fujian Province and epithermal to mesothermal vein-type deposits are also found in the Zhejiang Province (e.g., Zhilingtou). Part of Shandong Province is located at the northern margin of the South China Craton and the province has unique world class granite-hosted orogenic gold deposits. Occurrences of Pt-Pd-Ni-Cu-Co are found in Permian-aged Emeishan continental flood basalt (ECFB) in South China (Jinbaoshan and Baimazhai in Yunnan Province and Yangliuping in Sichuan Province). South China also has major vein-type tungsten-tin-bismuth-beryllium-sulphide and REE deposits associated with Yanshanian magmatism (e.g., Shizhuyuan and Xihuashan), important world class stratabound base metal-tin deposits (Dachang deposit), and the large antimony deposits (Xikuangshan and Woxi). During the Himalayan Orogeny, many giant deposits were formed in South China including the recently emerging Yulong and Gangdese porphyry copper belts in Tibet and the Ailaoshan orogenic gold deposits in Yunnan. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tasmania, CODES ARC Ctr Excellence Ore Deposits, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geol, Beijing 10037, Peoples R China. RP Zaw, K (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, CODES ARC Ctr Excellence Ore Deposits, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM Khin.Zaw@utas.edu.au RI Zaw, Khin/A-1406-2014 NR 230 TC 91 Z9 109 U1 15 U2 134 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 EI 1872-7360 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD APR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.10.006 PG 45 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 159EF UT WOS:000245847500002 ER PT J AU Peters, SG Huang, JZ Li, ZP Jing, CG AF Peters, Stephen G. Huang Jiazhan Li Zhiping Jing Chenggui TI Sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits of the Dian-Qian-Gui area, Guizhou, and Yunnan Provinces, and Guangxi District, China SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Carlin-type Au deposits; Dian-Qian-Gui; syndeformational; syngenetic; China ID DISSEMINATED GOLD DEPOSITS; CARLIN; NEVADA; GEOLOGY; GEOCHEMISTRY; ORIGIN; TECTONICS; FLUIDS; ORE AB Sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits in the Dian-Qian-Gui area in southwest China are hosted in Paleozoic and early Mesozoic sedimentary rocks along the southwest margin of the Yangtze (South China) Precambrian craton. Most deposits have characteristics similar to Carlin-type Au deposits and are spatially associated, on a regional scale, with deposits of coal, Sb, barite, As, Tl, and Hg. Sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits are disseminated stratabound and(or) structurally controlled. The deposits have many similar characteristics, particularly mineralogy, geochemistry, host rock, and structural control. Most deposits are associated with structural domes, stratabound breccia bodies, unconformity surfaces or intense brittle-ductile deformation zones, such as the Youjiang fault system. Typical characteristics include impure carbonate rock or calcareous and carbonaceous host rock that contains disseminated pyrite, marcasite, and arsenopyrite-usually with gm-sized Au, commonly in As-rich rims of pyrite and in disseminations. Late realgar, orpiment, stibnite, and Hg minerals are spatially associated with earlier forming sulfide minerals. Minor base-metal sulfides, such as galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and Pb-Sb-As-sulphosalts also are present. The rocks locally are silicified and altered to sericite-clay (illite). Rocks and(or) stream-sediment geochemical signatures typically include elevated concentrations of As, Sb, Hg, Tl, and Ba. A general lack of igneous rocks in the Dian-Qian-Gui area implies non-pluton-related, ore forming processes. Some deposits contain evidence that sources of the metal may have originated in carbonaceous parts of the sedimentary pile or other sedimentary or volcanic horizons. This genetic process may be associated with formation and mobilization of petroleum and Hg in the region and may also be related to As-, Au-, and Tl-bearing coal horizons. Many deposits also contain textures and features indicative of strong structural control by tectonic domes or shear zones and also suggest syndeformational ore deposition, possibly related to the Youjiang fault system. Several sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits in the Dian-Qian-Gui area also are of the red earth-type and Au grades have been concentrated and enhanced during episodes of deep weathering. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Tianjin Geol Acad, China Steel Grp, Tianjin 300061, Peoples R China. RP Peters, SG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM speters@usgs.gov NR 140 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD APR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 1-4 BP 170 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.03.014 PG 35 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 159EF UT WOS:000245847500007 ER PT J AU Xu, XW Cai, XP Xiao, QB Peters, SG AF Xu, Xing-Wang Cai, Xin-Ping Xiao, Qi-Bing Peters, Stephen G. TI Porphyry Cu-Au and associated polymetallic Fe-Cu-Au deposits in the Beiya Area, western Yunnan Province, south China SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE porphyry Cu-Au deposit; skarn; polymetallic sedimentary deposit; Beiya; western Yunnan ID BRECCIA-PIPE; MINERALIZATION; TECTONICS; GEOLOGY; COPPER; ISLAND; TIBET AB The Alkaline porphyries in the Beiya area are located east of the Jinshajiang suture, as part of a Cenozoic alkali-rich porphyry belt in western Yunnan. The main rock types include quartz-albite porphyry, quartz-K-feldspar porphyry and biotite-K-feldspar porphyry. These porphyries are characterised by high alkalinity [(K2O+Na2O)% > 10%], high silica(SiO2% > 65%), high Sr (> 400 ppm) and Sr-87/Sr-86 (> 0.706)] ratio and were intruded at 65.5 Ma, between 25.5 to 32.5 Ma, and about 3.8 Ma, respectively. There are five main types of mineral deposits in the Beiya area: (1) porphyry Cu-Au deposits, (2) magmatic Fe-Au deposits, (3) sedimentary polymetallic deposits, (4) polymetallic skarn deposits, and (5) palaeoplacers associated with karsts. The porphyry CuAu and polymetallic skarn deposits are associated with quartz-albite porphyry bodies. The Fe-Au and polymetallic sedimentary deposits are part of an ore-forming system that produced considerable Au in the Beiya area, and are characterised by low concentrations of La, Ti, and Co, and high concentrations of Y, Yb, and Sc. The Cenozoic porphyries in western Yunnan display increased alkalinity away from the Triassic Jinshajiang suture. Distribution of both the porphyries and sedimentary deposits in the Beiya area are interpreted to be related to partial melting in a disjointed region between upper mantle lithosphere of the Yangtze Plate and Gondwana continent, and lie within a shear zone between buried Palaeo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere and upper mantle lithosphere, caused by the subduction and collision of India and Asia. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Mineral Resources Res, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Xu, XW (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Mineral Resources Res, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM xuxw@mail.igcas.ac.cn NR 62 TC 34 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 EI 1872-7360 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD APR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 1-4 BP 224 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.03.015 PG 23 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 159EF UT WOS:000245847500009 ER PT J AU Savidge, JA Qualls, FJ Rodda, GH AF Savidge, Julie A. Qualls, Fiona J. Rodda, Gordon H. TI Reproductive biology of the brown tree snake, Boiga irregularis (Reptilia : Colubridae), during colonization of Guam and comparison with that in their native range SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FOOD-HABITS; ISLAND; BITES AB Since their introduction to Guam shortly after World War 11, brown tree snakes, Boiga irregularis (Merrem), have. seriously impacted the biota and human population of the island. Understanding the biology of this exotic species will likely be important to the success of control programs. We compared the reproductive biology of 782 B. irregularis caught on Guam during the 1980s with results from published studies of native-range populations. Average and maximum sizes of mature snakes on Guam were larger than those from Austrailan populations. The majority of female brown tree snakes matured at snout-vent lengths (SVLs) of 910-1,025 mm, and most males matured at SVLs of 940-1,030 mm on Guam. Based on growth rates from the early 1990s on Guam, sexual maturity is estimated to occur during a snake's third or fourth year. Only one female (0.3%) in our data set had oviductal eggs. Clutch size was estimated at 4.3 (SD = 2.2), based on large vitellogenic ovarian follicle (>= 30 nun in length) and oviductal egg counts. Unlike their Australian counterparts, the Guam population reproduced year-round. Our data offer insights into the likely reproductive patterns of brown tree snakes should they infest other islands in the Pacific region. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Savidge, JA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jsavidge@cnr.colostate.edu NR 32 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 14 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 61 IS 2 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.2984/1534-6188(2007)61[191:RBOTBT]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 139MB UT WOS:000244434800002 ER PT J AU Homer, C Dewitz, J Fry, J Coan, M Hossain, N Larson, C Herold, N McKerrow, A VanDriel, JN Wickham, J AF Homer, Collin Dewitz, Jon Fry, Joyce Coan, Michael Hossain, Nazmul Larson, Charles Herold, Nate McKerrow, Alexa VanDriel, J. Nick Wickham, James TI Completion of the 2001 National Land Cover Database for the conterminous United States SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observ & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. N Carolina State Univ, SE Gap Anal Project, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab E243 05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Homer, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observ & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. OI Dewitz, Jon/0000-0002-0458-212X NR 8 TC 595 Z9 614 U1 0 U2 62 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2007 VL 73 IS 4 BP 337 EP 341 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 152TO UT WOS:000245385000002 ER PT J AU Grace, JB Safford, HD Harrison, S AF Grace, James B. Safford, Hugh D. Harrison, Susan TI Large-scale causes of variation in the serpentine vegetation of California SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Serpentine Ecology CY MAY 09-13, 2006 CL Siena, ITALY DE California; cluster analysis; ordination; serpentine; structural equation modeling; vegetation ID SPECIES RICHNESS; PLANT INVASION; DIVERSITY; IMPACTS; PRODUCTIVITY; SANDSTONE; PATTERNS; FLORA; SOIL AB Serpentine vegetation in California ranges from forest to shrubland and grassland, harbors many rare and endemic species, and is only moderately altered by invasive exotic species at the present time. To better understand the factors regulating the distribution of common/ representative species, endemic/rare species, and the threat of exotics in this important flora, we analyzed broad-scale community patterns and environmental conditions in a geographically stratified set of samples from across the state. We considered three major classes of environmental influences: climate ( especially precipitation), soils ( especially the Mg2+/ Ca2+ ratio), and the indirect influences of climate on soils. We used ordination to identify the major axes of variation in common species abundances, structural equation models to analyze the relationship of community axes and endemic and exotic species richness to the environment, and group analysis techniques to identify consistent groupings of species and characterize their properties. We found that community variation could be explained by a two-axis ordination. One axis ranged from conifer forest to grassland and was strongly related to precipitation. The second axis ranged from chaparral to grassland and had little relationship to current environmental conditions, suggesting a possible role for successional history. Precipitation and elevation were respectively the largest influences on endemic and exotic richness, followed by Mg2+/ Ca2+. The results also support the idea that long-term precipitation patterns have altered the Mg2+/ Ca2+ ratio via selective leaching, resulting in indirect influences on endemics ( positive) and exotics ( negative) but not affecting the abundances of common species. We discuss implications of these findings for the conservation of the California serpentine flora. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Reg, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Safford, HD (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Reg, 1323 Club Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM jim_grace@usgs.gov; hughsafford@fs.fed.us; spharrison@ucdavis.edu NR 39 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 8 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD APR PY 2007 VL 293 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 132 DI 10.1007/s11104-007-9196-6 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 169BB UT WOS:000246566600012 ER PT J AU Colman, SM Kaufman, DS Bright, J Heil, C King, JW Dean, WE Rosenbaum, JG Forester, RM Bishcoff, JL Perkins, M McGeehin, JP AF Colman, S. M. Kaufman, D. S. Bright, J. Heil, C. Kingc, J. W. Dean, W. E. Rosenbaum, J. G. Forester, R. M. Bishcoff, J. L. Perkinsr, M. McGeehin, J. P. TI Age model for a continuous, ca 250-ka Quaternary lacustrine record from Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho (vol 25, pg 2271, 2006) SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Correction C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Geol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. RP Colman, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM scolman@d.umn.edu RI Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008 OI Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD APR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 7-8 BP 1192 EP 1192 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.02.006 PG 1 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 199YX UT WOS:000248732200021 ER PT J AU Rodgers, DH Beauchamp, PM Soderblom, LA Brown, RH Chen, GS Lee, M Sandel, BR Thomas, DA Benoit, RT Yelle, RV AF Rodgers, David H. Beauchamp, Patricia M. Soderblom, Laurence A. Brown, Robert H. Chen, Gun-Shing Lee, Meemong Sandel, Bill R. Thomas, David A. Benoit, Robert T. Yelle, Roger V. TI Advanced technologies demonstrated by the miniature integrated camera and spectrometer (MICAS) aboard deep space 1 SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE comet; asteroid; borrelly; braille; Mars; near-IR imaging spectrometer; UV imaging spectrometer; CCD camera; athermal optics; self-sequencing; silicon carbide; multifunction space instrument ID DEEP-SPACE-1 EXTENDED MISSION; COMET; SCIENCECRAFT; INSTRUMENT; NUCLEUS; PICS AB MICAS is an integrated multi-channel instrument that includes an ultraviolet imaging spectrometer (80-185 nm), two high-resolution visible imagers (10-20 mu rad/pixel, 400-900 nm), and a short-wavelength infrared imaging spectrometer (1250-2600 nm). The wavelength ranges were chosen to maximize the science data that could be collected using existing semiconductor technologies and avoiding the need for multi-octave spectrometers. It was flown on DS1 to validate technologies derived from the development of PICS (Planetary Imaging Camera Spectrometer). These technologies provided a novel systems approach enabling the miniaturization and integration of four instruments into one entity, spanning a wavelength range from the UV to IR, and from ambient to cryogenic temperatures with optical performance at a fraction of a wavelength. The specific technologies incorporated were: a built-in fly-by sequence; lightweight and ultra-stable, monolithic silicon-carbide construction, which enabled room-temperature alignment for cryogenic (85-140 K) performance, and provided superb optical performance and immunity to thermal distortion; diffraction-limited, shared optics operating from 80 to 2600 nm; advanced detector technologies for the UV, visible and short-wavelength IR; high-performance thermal radiators coupled directly to the short-wave infrared (SWIR) detector optical bench, providing an instrument with a mass less than 10 kg, instrument power less than 10 W, and total instrument cost of less than ten million dollars. The design allows the wavelength range to be extended by at least an octave at the short wavelength end and to similar to 50 microns at the long wavelength end. Testing of the completed instrument demonstrated excellent optical performance down to 77 K, which would enable a greatly reduced background for longer wavelength detectors. During the Deep Space 1 Mission, MICAS successfully collected images and spectra for asteroid 9969 Braille, Mars, and comet 19/P Borrelly. The Borrelly encounter was a scientific hallmark providing the first clear, high resolution images and excellent, short-wavelength infrared spectra of the surface of an active comet's nucleus. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA USA. SSG Inc, Wilmington, MA USA. RP Rodgers, DH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. EM david.h.rodgers@jpl.nasa.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD APR PY 2007 VL 129 IS 4 BP 309 EP 326 DI 10.1007/s11214-007-9155-9 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 202OZ UT WOS:000248914200002 ER PT J AU Mukhi, S Patino, R AF Mukhi, Sandeep Patino, Reynaldo TI Effects of prolonged exposure to perchlorate on thyroid and reproductive function in zebrafish SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE perchlorate; thyroid; reproduction; embryo; larvae; development; fish ID ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; AMMONIUM-PERCHLORATE; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; SODIUM-PERCHLORATE; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; DRINKING-WATER; RAINBOW-TROUT; HORMONES; FISH; HISTOLOGY AB The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of prolonged exposure to perchlorate on (1) thyroid status and reproductive performance of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) and (2) F1 embryo survival and early larval development. Using a static-renewal procedure, mixed sex populations of adult zebrafish were exposed to 0, 10, and 100 mg/l nominal concentrations of waterborne perchlorate for 10 weeks. Thyroid histology was qualitatively assessed, and females and males were separated and further exposed to their respective treatments for six additional weeks. Eight females in each tank replicate (n = 3) were paired weekly with four males from the same respective treatment, and packed-egg (spawn) volume (PEV) was measured each of the last five weeks. At least once during weeks 14-16 of exposure, other end points measured included fertilization rate, fertilized egg diameter, hatching rate, standard length, and craniofacial development of 4-day-postfertilization larvae and thyroid hormone content of 3.5-h embryos and of exposed mothers. At 10 weeks of exposure, perchlorate at both concentrations caused thyroidal hypertrophy and colloid depletion. A marked reduction in PEV was observed toward the end of the 6-week spawning period, but fertilization and embryo hatching rates were unaffected. Fertilized egg diameter and larval length were increased by parental exposure to perchlorate. Larval head depth was unaffected but the forward protrusion of the lower jaw-associated cartilage complexes, Meckel's and ceratohyal, was decreased. Exposure to both concentrations of perchlorate inhibited whole-body thyroxine content in mothers and embryos, but triiodothyronine content was unchanged. In conclusion, prolonged exposure of adult zebrafish to perchlorate not only disrupts their thyroid endocrine system but also impairs reproduction and influences early F1 development. C1 Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Patino, R (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM reynaldo.patino@ttu.edu RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 35 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 8 U2 28 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 96 IS 2 BP 246 EP 254 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm001 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 146VU UT WOS:000244963600007 PM 17205975 ER PT J AU Frazey, SL Wilzbach, MA AF Frazey, Sharon L. Wilzbach, Margaret A. TI The relationship between productivities of salmonids and forest stands in northern California watersheds SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forestry-fishery interactions; Site Index; red alder; redwood; resident salmonids ID COASTAL CUTTHROAT TROUT; RED ALDER; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; STREAMS; GROWTH; OREGON; ABUNDANCE; RANGE; POPULATIONS AB Produdivities of resident salmonids and upland and riparian forests in 22 small watersheds of coastal northern California were estimated and compared to determine whether: 1) upland site productivity predicted riparian site productivity; 2) either upland or riparian site productivity predicted salmonid productivity; and 3) other parameters explained more of the variance in salmonid productivity. Upland and riparian site productivities were estimated using Site Index values for redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and red alder (Alnus rubra), respectively. Salmonid productivity was indexed by back-calculated length at age 1 of the largest individuals sampled and by total biomass. Upland and riparian site indices were correlated, but neither factor contributed to the best approximating models of salmonid productivity. Total salmonid biomass was best described by a positive relationship with drainage area. Length of dominant fish was best described by a positive relationship with percentage of hardwoods within riparian areas, which may result from nutrient and/or litter subsidies provided by red alder. The inability of forest productivity to predict salmon productivity may reflect insufficient variation in independent variables, limitations of the indices, and the operation of other factors affecting salmonid production. The lack of an apparent relationship between upland conifer and salmonid productivity suggests that management of land for timber productivity and component streams for salmonid production in these sites will require separate, albeit integrated, management strategies. C1 Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fish Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Frazey, SL (reprint author), 4195 Foots Creek Rd, Gold Hill, OR 97525 USA. EM paw7002@humboldt.edu NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 73 EP 80 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 158JA UT WOS:000245786600001 ER PT J AU Hoagstrom, CW Wall, SS Kral, JG Blackwell, BG Berry, CR AF Hoagstrom, Christopher W. Wall, Steven S. Kral, Jason G. Blackwell, Brian G. Berry, Charles R., Jr. TI Zoogeographic patterns and faunal change of south Dakota fishes SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Review DE south Dakota; fresh water fish biodiversity; faunal similarity; taxonomic homogenization; introduced species; Great Plains; Central Lowlands; riverine archipelago ID BIOTIC HOMOGENIZATION; SPECIES RICHNESS; GREAT-PLAINS; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; COMMUNITIES; WESTERN; CALIFORNIA; INTEGRITY AB We summarized historic and recent fish distributions in South Dakota and analyzed fish faunal similarity at 2 spatial scales (geomorphic province and river drainage) for both historic (native) and recent (post-1990) faunas. We quantified zoogeographic patterns between geomorphic provinces and among neighboring river drainages for historic and recent faunas. We also quantified faunal change (species losses and additions) between provinces and among drainages. Ninety-seven fishes were native to South Dakota, hot Ill fishes were present in recent collections because 8 native species were missing, and 22 nonnatives were present. There was high beta diversity among historic and recent river drainage fish faunas, hot there was between 22% and 56% faunal change between periods. Recent faunas were homogenized compared to historic faunas at both provincial and river drainage spatial scales. Patterns of nonnative species establishment were geographically distinct from patterns of native species loss. Most nonnative species additions were in cold-water or human-made habitats of the Great Plains. Most native species declines stemmed from warm water streams of the Central Lowlands and Missouri River valley Conservation of rare and declining native species and containment of nonnatives are both necessary to preserve historical patterns of fish biodiversity in South Dakota. C1 Weber State Univ, Dept Zool, Ogden, UT 84408 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota Dept Game Fish & Pk, Yankton, SD USA. S Dakota Dept Game Fish & Pk, Webster, SD 57274 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, S Dakota Cooperat Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Hoagstrom, CW (reprint author), Weber State Univ, Dept Zool, Ogden, UT 84408 USA. EM pecospupfish@hotmail.com NR 144 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2007 VL 67 IS 2 BP 161 EP 184 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2007)67[161:ZPAFCO]2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 189NG UT WOS:000247995000001 ER PT J AU Myler, CD Mladenka, GC Minshall, GW AF Myler, Cary D. Mladenka, Greg C. Minshall, G. Wayne TI Trend analysis shows decline of an endangered thermophilic springsnail (Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis) in southwestern Idaho SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE pyrgulopsis bruncauensis; Bruneau hot springsnail; endangered species; population trend; thermal springs ID GASTROPODA AB We analyzed population trend data (hiring 1991-2004 for the Bruneau hot springsnail (Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis) from rangewide hot spring surveys completed along 4-km of Bruneau River. The objectives of this study were to analyze population trends and assess other measured parameters, such as water temperature, specific conductance, and groundwater decline, for changes that may influence population trends. We used simple linear regression to determine significant relation ships between measured parameters. Total numbers of hot springs surveyed in the 4-km reach are declining at a rate of similar to 5 hot springs per year, and numbers of hot springs containing P. bruneauensis it the same reach are declining at a rate of 3.75 per year. We found that the decline of hot springs with and without P. bruneauensis was significantly related to the decline of the thermal aquifer which underlies this area. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Eastern Idaho Field Off, Chubbuck, ID 83202 USA. Idaho Dept Environm Qual, Pocatello, ID 83201 USA. Idaho State Univ, Stream Ecol Ctr, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83204 USA. RP Myler, CD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Eastern Idaho Field Off, 4425 Burley Dr,Suite A, Chubbuck, ID 83202 USA. EM cary_myler@fws.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2007 VL 67 IS 2 BP 199 EP 205 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2007)67[199:TASDOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 189NG UT WOS:000247995000003 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, SP BowerS, JE AF McLaughlin, Steven P. Bowers, Janice E. TI Effects of exotic grasses on soil seed banks in southeastern Arizona grasslands SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE seed density; seed longevity; species richness; alien plants; Eragrostis curvula ID DESERT; VEGETATION; PERSISTENCE; HABITATS; DORMANCY AB At the Appleton-Whittell Research Ranch, an ungrazed grassland preserve in southeastern Arizona, soil seed banks were sampled in June, August, and October 2002 and June 2003. Wildfire had previously burned 90% of the research ranch in May 2002. Seed density and species richness in burned native grassland (2 plots) were compared to those in burned exotic, grassland (2 plots). Averaged over 4 sample dates, seed densities were as follows: burned native grassland, 591 +/- 243.1 seeds center dot m(-2) and 784 +/- 334.9 seeds. m(-2); burned exotic grassland, 501 +/- 198.9 seeds center dot m-2 and 196 +/- 123.8 seeds center dot m(-2). Species richness in the seed bank, also averaged over 4 sample dates, was as follows: burned native grassland, 16.3 +/- 1.7 species. m(-2) and 19.5 +/- 1.0 species. m-2; burned exotic grassland, 12.0 +/- 3.4 species - m(-2) and 11.06 +/- 2.5 species - m-2. The seed bank of burned exotic grassland contained significantly fewer seeds and species than that of burned native grassland. In addition, the seed bank in burned exotic grassland comprised mainly exotic grasses, whereas annual and perennial herbs, most of them native, dominated the seed bank of burned native grassland. Of the 50 species detected in soil samples, only 20 had a persistent seed bank, and only 1 of these was a native perennial bunchgrass. The preponderance of transient species means that eradication of exotic grasses most be followed by reseeding of native grasses and herbs, perhaps repeatedly, if native grassland is to replace exotic grassland. C1 Univ Arizona, Off Arid Lands Studies, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP McLaughlin, SP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Off Arid Lands Studies, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM spmecl@ag.arizona.edu NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2007 VL 67 IS 2 BP 206 EP 218 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2007)67[206:EOEGOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 189NG UT WOS:000247995000004 ER PT J AU Hu, JW Duan, ZH Zhu, C Chou, IM AF Hu, Jiawen Duan, Zhenhao Zhu, Chen Chou, I-Ming TI PVTx properties of the CO2-H2O and CO2-H2O-NaCl systems below 647 K: Assessment of experimental data and thermodynamic models SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Review DE CO2 sequestration; PVTx properties; volume; density; thermodynamic modeling ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; SYNTHETIC FLUID INCLUSIONS; PARTIAL MOLAL PROPERTIES; CORRESPONDING AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SODIUM-CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; PLUS CARBON-DIOXIDE; COORDINATION-NUMBER MODELS; CROSS VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS; LIQUID-VAPOR EQUILIBRIA; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION AB Evaluation of CO2 sequestration in formation brine or in seawater needs highly accurate experimental data or models of pressure-volume-temperature-composition (PVTx) properties for the CO2-H2O and CO2-H2O-NaCl systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the experimental PVTx properties and the thermodynamic models of these two systems. The following conclusions are drawn from the review: (1) About two-thirds of experimental data are consistent with each other, where the uncertainty in liquid volumes is within 0.5%, and that in gas volumes within 2%. However, this accuracy is not sufficient for assessing CO2 sequestration. Among the data sets for liquids, only a few are available for accurate modeling Of CO2 sequestration. These data have an error of about 0.1% on average, roughly covering from 273 to 642 K and from 1 to 35 MPa; (2) There is a shortage of volumetric data of saturated vapor phase. (3) There are only a few data sets for the ternary liquids, and they are inconsistent with each other, where only a couple of data sets can be used to test a predictive density model for CO2 sequestration; (4) Although there are a few models with accuracy close to that of experiments, none of them is accurate enough for CO2 sequestration modeling, which normally needs an accuracy of density better than 0.1%. Some calculations are made available on www.geochem-model.org. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Lithospher Evolut, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. US Geol Survey, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Duan, ZH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Lithospher Evolut, Inst Geol & Geophys, POB 9825, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM duanzhenhao@yahoo.com RI Zhu, Chen/A-5356-2010 OI Zhu, Chen/0000-0001-5374-6787 NR 180 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAR 30 PY 2007 VL 238 IS 3-4 BP 249 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.11.011 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 154HJ UT WOS:000245497200008 ER PT J AU Palmer, PC Gannett, MW Hinkle, SR AF Palmer, P. Charles Gannett, Marshall W. Hinkle, Stephen R. TI Isotopic characterization of three groundwater recharge sources and inferences for selected aquifers in the upper Klamath Basin of Oregon and California, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ground water; stable isotopes; recharge; Klamath County Oregon ID ICE CORE; RADIOCARBON; HYDROGEN; HISTORY; FLOW AB Stable isotope (delta D and delta O-18) signatures of three principal groundwater recharge areas in the 21,000-km(2) upper Klamath Basin are used to infer recharge sources for aquifers in the interior parts of the basin. Two of the principal recharge areas, the Cascade Range on the western and southern margin of the basin and uplands along the eastern margin, are defined by mean annual precipitation that exceeds approximately 60 cm. A third recharge area coincides with the extensive irrigation canal system in the south central part of the basin. The stable isotope signature for Cascade Range groundwater falls near the global meteoric water line (GMWL). The stable isotope signature for the groundwater of the eastern basin uplands also falls near the GMWL, but is depleted in heavy isotopes relative to the Cascade Range groundwater. The stable isotope signature for water from the irrigation canal system deviates from the GMWL in a manner indicative of fractionation by evaporation. Groundwater provenance was previously unknown for two aquifers of interest: that supplying deep (225-792 m), large-capacity irrigation wells along the Oregon-California border, and that of the geothermal system near Klamath Falls. Groundwater produced by the deep irrigation wells along the Oregon-California border appears to be a mixture of eastern-basin groundwater and water with an evaporative isotopic signature. The component with an evaporative isotopic signature appears in some places to consist of infiltrated irrigation water. Chloride data suggest that much of the component with the evaporative isotopic signature may be coming from an adjacent subbasin. After accounting for the 180 shift common in geothermal waters, isotope data suggest that the geothermal groundwater in the upper Klamath Basin may emanate from the eastern basin uplands. Findings demonstrate that stable isotope and chloride data can illuminate certain details of a regional groundwater flow system in a complex geologic setting where other hydrologic data are ambiguous. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97216 USA. RP Palmer, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, 10615 SE Cherry Blossom Dr, Portland, OR 97216 USA. EM pcpalmer@gmail.com; mgannett@usgs.gov; srhinkle@usgs.gov OI Gannett, Marshall/0000-0003-2498-2427 NR 42 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 30 PY 2007 VL 336 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.12.008 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 154TK UT WOS:000245530400002 ER PT J AU Burns, DA Klaus, J McHale, MR AF Burns, Douglas A. Klaus, Julian McHale, Michael R. TI Recent climate trends and implications for water resources in the Catskill Mountain region, New York, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; climate trends; Catskill Mountains; water resources; precipitation; runoff; evapotranspiration ID LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; UNITED-STATES; MINIMUM TEMPERATURE; NEW-ENGLAND; DIVISION DATABASE; ATLANTIC REGION; RIVER-BASIN; MAXIMUM; FUTURE; 20TH-CENTURY AB Climate scientists have concluded that the earth's surface air temperature warmed by 0.6 degrees C during the 20th century, and that warming induced by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases is likely to continue in the 21st century, accompanied by changes in the hydrologic cycle. Climate change has important implications in the Catskill region of southeastern New York State, because the region is a source of water supply for New York City. We used the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test to evaluate annual, monthly, and multi-month trends in air temperature, precipitation amount, stream runoff, and potential evapotranspiration (PET) in the region during 1952-2005 based on data from 9 temperature sites, 12 precipitation sites, and 8 stream gages. A general pattern of warming temperatures and increased precipitation, runoff, and PET is evident in the region. Regional annual mean air temperature increased significantly by 0.6 degrees C per 50 years during the period; the greatest increases and largest number of significant upward trends were in daily minimum air temperature. Daily maximum air temperature showed the greatest increase during February through April, whereas minimum air temperature showed the greatest increase during May through September. Regional mean precipitation increased significantly by 136 mm per 50 years, nearly double that of the regional mean increase in runoff, which was not significant. Regional mean PET increased significantly by 19 mm per 50 years, about one-seventh that of the increase in precipitation amount, and broadly consistent with increased runoff during 1952-2005, despite the tack of significance in the mean regional runoff trend. Peak snowmelt as approximated by the winter-spring center of volume of stream runoff generally shifted from early April at the beginning of the record to late March at the end of the record, consistent with a decreasing trend in April runoff and an increasing trend in maximum March air temperature. This change indicates an increased supply of water to reservoirs earlier in the year. Additionally, the supply of water to reservoirs at the beginning of winter is greater as indicated by the timing of the greatest increases in precipitation and runoff - both occurred during summer and fall. The future balance between changes in air temperature and changes in the timing and amount of precipitation in the region will have important implications for the available water supply in the region. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Freiburg, Inst Hydrol, Freiburg, Germany. RP Burns, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM daburns@usgs.gov RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009 NR 45 TC 74 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 30 PY 2007 VL 336 IS 1-2 BP 155 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.12.019 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 154TK UT WOS:000245530400014 ER PT J AU Rudakova, SL Kurath, G Bochkova, EV AF Rudakova, Svetlana L. Kurath, Gael Bochkova, Elena V. TI Occurrence and genetic typing of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in Kamchatka, Russia SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE fish virus; IHNV; sockeye salmon; Russia; virus typing; rhabdovirus; infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RAINBOW-TROUT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; AQUACULTURE; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; ALASKA AB Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a well known rhabdoviral pathogen of salmonid fish in North America that has become established in Asia and Europe. On the Pacific coast of Russia, IHNV was first detected in hatchery sockeye from the Kamchatka Peninsula in 2001. Results of virological examinations of over 10 000 wild and cultured salmonid fish from Kamchatka during 1996 to 2005 revealed IHNV in several sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka populations. The virus was isolated from spawning adults and from juveniles undergoing epidemics in both hatchery and wild sockeye populations from the Bolshaya watershed. No virus was detected in 2 other watersheds, or in species other than sockeye salmon. Genetic typing of 8 virus isolates by sequence analysis of partial glycoprotein and nucleocapsid genes revealed that they were genetically homogeneous and fell within the U genogroup of IHNV. In phylogenetic analyses, the Russian IHNV sequences were indistinguishable from the sequences of North American U genogroup isolates that occur throughout Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. The high similarity, and in some cases identity, between Russian and North American IHNV isolates suggests virus transmission or exposure to a common viral reservoir in the North Pacific Ocean. C1 KamchatNIRO, Kamchatka Res Inst Fisheries & Oceanog, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. USGS, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rudakova, SL (reprint author), KamchatNIRO, Kamchatka Res Inst Fisheries & Oceanog, Naberezhnaya 18, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. EM rud_sve_leon@mail.ru NR 47 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD MAR 29 PY 2007 VL 75 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.3354/dao075001 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 177OX UT WOS:000247163500001 PM 17523538 ER PT J AU Leon, LA Christofferson, SA Dolan, JF Shaw, JH Pratt, TL AF Leon, Lorraine A. Christofferson, Shari A. Dolan, James F. Shaw, John H. Pratt, Thomas L. TI Earthquake-by-earthquake fold growth above the Puente Hills blind thrust fault, Los Angeles, California: Implications for fold kinematics and seismic hazard SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION; GEOMETRY; PROGRAM; BASIN AB Boreholes and high-resolution seismic reflection data collected across the forelimb growth triangle above the central segment of the Puente Hills thrust fault (PHT) beneath Los Angeles, California, provide a detailed record of incremental fold growth during large earthquakes on this major blind thrust fault. These data document fold growth within a discrete kink band that narrows upward from similar to 460 m at the base of the Quaternary section (200-250 m depth) to <150 m at 2.5 m depth, with most growth during the most recent folding event occurring within a zone only similar to 60 m wide. These observations, coupled with evidence from petroleum industry seismic reflection data, demonstrate that most (>82% at 250 m depth) folding and uplift occur within discrete kink bands, thereby enabling us to develop a paleoseismic history of the underlying blind thrust fault. The borehole data reveal that the youngest part of the growth triangle in the uppermost 20 m comprises three stratigraphically discrete growth intervals marked by southward thickening sedimentary strata that are separated by intervals in which sediments do not change thickness across the site. We interpret the intervals of growth as occurring after the formation of now-buried paleofold scarps during three large PHT earthquakes in the past 8 kyr. The intervening intervals of no growth record periods of structural quiescence and deposition at the regional, near-horizontal stream gradient at the study site. Minimum uplift in each of the scarp-forming events, which occurred at 0.2-2.2 ka (event Y), 3.0-6.3 ka (event X), and 6.6-8.1 ka (event W), ranged from similar to 1.1 to similar to 1.6 m, indicating minimum thrust displacements of >= 2.5 to 4.5 m. Such large displacements are consistent with the occurrence of large-magnitude earthquakes (M(w) > 7). Cumulative, minimum uplift in the past three events was 3.3 to 4.7 m, suggesting cumulative thrust displacement of >= 7 to 10.5 m. These values yield a minimum Holocene slip rate for the PHT of >= 0.9 to 1.6 mm/yr. The borehole and seismic reflection data demonstrate that dip within the kink band is acquired incrementally, such that older strata that have been deformed by more earthquakes dip more steeply than younger strata. Specifically, strata dip 0.4 degrees at 4 m depth, 0.7 degrees at 20 m depth, 8 degrees at 90 m, 16 degrees at 110 m, and 17 degrees at 200 m. Moreover, structural restorations of the borehole data show that the locus of active folding ( the anticlinal active axial surface) does not extend to the surface in exactly the same location from earthquake to earthquake. Rather, that the axial surfaces migrate from earthquake to earthquake, reflecting a component of fold growth by kink band migration. The incremental acquisition of bed dip in the growth triangle may reflect some combination of fold growth by limb rotation in addition to kink band migration, possibly through a component of trishear or shear fault bend folding. Alternatively, the component of limb rotation may result from curved hinge fault bend folding, and/or the mechanical response of loosely consolidated granular sediments in the shallow subsurface to folding at depth. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Leon, LA (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Zumberge Hall,3651 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM lorrainl@usc.edu NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 29 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B3 AR B03S03 DI 10.1029/2006JB004461 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 155CP UT WOS:000245555700006 ER PT J AU Parsons, T AF Parsons, Tom TI Forecast experiment: Do temporal and spatial b value variations along the Calaveras fault portend M >= 4.0 earthquakes? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID FRANCISCO BAY AREA; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SAN-ANDREAS; SLIP RATES; STRESS; CALIFORNIA; SEISMICITY; SYSTEM; AUGUST; SCALE AB The power law distribution of earthquake magnitudes and frequencies is a fundamental scaling relationship used for forecasting. However, can its slope (b value) be used on individual faults as a stress indicator? Some have concluded that b values drop just before large shocks. Others suggested that temporally stable low b value zones identify future large-earthquake locations. This study assesses the frequency of b value anomalies portending M >= 4.0 shocks versus how often they do not. I investigated M >= 4.0 Calaveras fault earthquakes because there have been 25 over the 37-year duration of the instrumental catalog on the most active southern half of the fault. With that relatively large sample, I conducted retrospective time and space earthquake forecasts. I calculated temporal b value changes in 5-km-radius cylindrical volumes of crust that were significant at 90% confidence, but these changes were poor forecasters of M >= 4.0 earthquakes. M >= 4.0 events were as likely to happen at times of high b values as they were at low ones. However, I could not rule out a hypothesis that spatial b value anomalies portend M >= 4.0 events; of 20 M >= 4 shocks that could be studied, 6 to 8 (depending on calculation method) occurred where b values were significantly less than the spatial mean, 1 to 2 happened above the mean, and 10 to 13 occurred within 90% confidence intervals of the mean and were thus inconclusive. Thus spatial b value variation might be a useful forecast tool, but resolution is poor, even on seismically active faults. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparson@usgs.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 28 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B3 AR B03308 DI 10.1029/2006JB004632 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 155CO UT WOS:000245555600006 ER PT J AU Gu, YX Brown, JF Verdin, JP Wardlow, B AF Gu, Yingxin Brown, Jesslyn F. Verdin, James P. Wardlow, Brian TI A five-year analysis of MODIS NDVI and NDWI for grassland drought assessment over the central Great Plains of the United States SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE WATER INDEX; VEGETATION INDEX; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; SOYBEANS; NORTHERN; IMAGERY; CORN AB A five-year (2001-2005) history of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) data was analyzed for grassland drought assessment within the central United States, specifically for the Flint Hills of Kansas and Oklahoma. Initial results show strong relationships among NDVI, NDWI, and drought conditions. During the summer over the Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve, the average NDVI and NDWI were consistently lower (NDVI < 0.5 and NDWI < 0.3) under drought conditions than under non-drought conditions (NDVI>0.6 and NDWI>0.4). NDWI values exhibited a quicker response to drought conditions than NDVI. Analysis revealed that combining information from visible, near infrared, and short wave infrared channels improved sensitivity to drought severity. The proposed normalized difference drought index (NDDI) had a stronger response to summer drought conditions than a simple difference between NDVI and NDWI, and is therefore a more sensitive indicator of drought in grasslands than NDVI alone. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observ & Sci, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Univ Nebraska, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Gu, YX (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observ & Sci, Sci Applicat Int Corp, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ygu@usgs.gov RI Brown, Jesslyn/C-9888-2010; OI Brown, Jesslyn/0000-0002-9976-1998; Gu, Yingxin/0000-0002-3544-1856 NR 28 TC 87 Z9 96 U1 8 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 27 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 6 AR L06407 DI 10.1029/2006GL029127 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 155BI UT WOS:000245552300004 ER PT J AU Stockdon, HF Sallenger, AH Holman, RA Howd, PA AF Stockdon, Hilary F. Sallenger, Asbury H., Jr. Holman, Rob A. Howd, Peter A. TI A simple model for the spatially-variable coastal response to hurricanes SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coastal change; shoreline change; hurricanes; runup; storm surge; lidar; dune toe; dune crest; Hurricane Bonnie; Hurricane Floyd; Onslow Bay; Topsail Island; North Carolina ID AIRBORNE TOPOGRAPHIC LIDAR; NORTH-CAROLINA; BEACH; SHOREFACE; NEARSHORE; PROFILE; ISLAND; RUNUP; USA AB The vulnerability of a beach to extreme coastal change during a hurricane can be estimated by comparing the relative elevations of storm-induced water levels to those of the dune or berm. A simple model that defines the coastal response based on these elevations was used to hindcast the potential impact regime along a 50-km stretch of the North Carolina coast to the landfalls of Hurricane Bonnie on August 27, 1998, and Hurricane Floyd on September 16, 1999. Maximum total water levels at the shoreline were calculated as the sum of modeled storm surge, astronomical tide, and wave runup, estimated from offshore wave conditions and the local beach slope using an empirical parameterization. Storm surge and wave runup each accounted for similar to 48% of the signal (the remaining 4% is attributed to astronomical tides), indicating that wave-driven process are a significant contributor to hurricane-induced water levels. Expected water levels and lidar-derived measures of pre-storm dune and berm elevation were used to predict the spatially-varying storm-impact regime: swash, collision, or overwash. Predictions were compared to the observed response quantified using a lidar topography survey collected following hurricane landfall. The storm-averaged mean accuracy of the model in predicting the observed impact regime was 55.4%, a significant improvement over the 33.3% accuracy associated with random chance. Model sensitivity varied between regimes and was highest within the overwash regime where the accuracies were 84.2% and 89.7% for Hurricanes Bonnie and Floyd, respectively. The model not only allows for prediction of the general coastal response to storms, but also provides a framework for examining the longshore-variable magnitudes of observed coastal change. For Hurricane Bonnie, shoreline and beach volume changes within locations that experienced overwash or dune erosion were two times greater than locations where wave runup was confined to the foreshore (swash regime). During Hurricane Floyd, this pattern became more pronounced as magnitudes of change were four times greater within the overwash regime than in the swash regime. Comparisons of pre-storm topography to a calm weather survey collected one year after Hurricane Floyd's landfall show long-term beach volume loss at overwash locations. Here, the volume of sand eroded from the beach was balanced by the volume of overwash deposits, indicating that the majority of the sand removed from the beach was transported landward across the island rather than being transported offshore. In overwash locations, sand was removed from the nearshore system and unavailable for later beach recovery, resulting in a more permanent response than observed within the other regimes. These results support the predictive capabilities of the storm scaling model and illustrate that the impact regimes provide a framework for explaining the longshore-variable coastal response to hurricanes. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33713 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Stockdon, HF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33713 USA. EM hstockdon@usgs.gov OI Stockdon, Hilary/0000-0003-0791-4676 NR 43 TC 89 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAR 27 PY 2007 VL 238 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2006.11.004 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 151WL UT WOS:000245321500001 ER PT J AU Bullard, SG Lambert, G Carman, MR Byrnes, J Whitlatch, RB Ruiz, G Miller, RJ Harris, L Valentine, PC Collie, JS Pederson, J McNaught, DC Cohen, AN Asch, RG Dijkstra, J Heinonen, K AF Bullard, S. G. Lambert, G. Carman, M. R. Byrnes, J. Whitlatch, R. B. Ruiz, G. Miller, R. J. Harris, L. Valentine, P. C. Collie, J. S. Pederson, J. McNaught, D. C. Cohen, A. N. Asch, R. G. Dijkstra, J. Heinonen, K. TI The colonial ascidian Didemnum sp A: Current distribution, basic biology and potential threat to marine communities of the northeast and west coasts of North America SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Invasive Sea Squirt Conference CY APR 21-22, 2005 CL Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA HO Woods Hole Oceanog Inst DE ascidian; Didemnum; distribution; fouling; Georges Bank; invasive species; nonindigenous; Stellwagen Bank; Tillies Bank; tunicate ID PYURA-PRAEPUTIALIS; CHEMICAL DEFENSES; SESSILE ORGANISMS; TOMIOKA BAY; RECRUITMENT; HARBORS; ADULT; JAPAN; REEFS; SHORE AB Didemnum sp. A is a colonial ascidian with rapidly expanding populations on the east and west coasts of North America. The origin of Didemum sp. A is unknown. Populations were first observed on the northeast coast of the U.S. in the late 1980s and on the west coast during the 1990s. It is currently undergoing a massive population explosion and is now a dominant member of many subtidal communities on both coasts. To determine Didemnum sp. A's current distribution, we conducted surveys from Maine to Virginia on the east coast and from British Columbia to southern California on the west coast of the U.S. between 1998 and 2005. In nearshore locations Didemnum sp. A currently ranges from Eastport, Maine to Shinnecock Bay, New York on the east coast. On the west coast it has been recorded from Humboldt Bay to Port San Luis in California, several sites in Puget Sound, Washington, including a heavily fouled mussel culture facility, and several sites in southwestern British Columbia on and adjacent to oyster and mussel farms. The species also occurs at deeper subtidal sites (up to 81 m) off New England, including Georges, Stellwagen and Tillies Banks. On Georges Bank numerous sites within a 230 km(2) area are 50-90% covered by Didemnum sp. A; large colonies cement the pebble gravel into nearly solid mats that may smother infaunal organisms. These observations suggest that Didemnum sp. A has the potential to alter marine communities and affect economically important activities such as fishing and aquaculture. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hartford, Hillyer Coll, Hartford, CT 06117 USA. Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Zool, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. MIT, Sea Grant Coll Program, MITSG Ctr Coastal Resources, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. San Francisco Estuary Inst, Oakland, CA 94621 USA. Univ Connecticut, Natl Undersea Res Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Bullard, SG (reprint author), Univ Hartford, Hillyer Coll, 200 Bloomfield Ave, Hartford, CT 06117 USA. EM bullard@hartford.edu OI Byrnes, Jarrett/0000-0002-9791-9472; Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X NR 34 TC 88 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD MAR 26 PY 2007 VL 342 IS 1 BP 99 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2006.10.020 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 142SE UT WOS:000244669400013 ER PT J AU Valentine, PC Carman, MR Blackwood, DS Heffron, EJ AF Valentine, Page C. Carman, Mary R. Blackwood, Dann S. Heffron, Erin J. TI Ecological observations on the colonial ascidian Didemnum sp in a New England tide pool habitat SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Invasive Sea Squirt Conference CY APR 21-22, 2005 CL Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA HO Woods Hole Oceanog Inst DE colonial ascidian; colonial tunicate; colony fragmentation; Didemnum; emersion; New England ID NEW-ZEALAND AB The colonial ascidian Didemnum sp. has colonized northwestern Atlantic coastal habitats from southern Long Island, New York, to Eastport, Maine. It is also present in offshore habitats of the Georges Bank fishing grounds. It threatens to alter fisheries habitats and shellfish aquacultures. Observations in a tide pool at Sandwich, MA from December 2003 to February 2006 show that Didemnum sp. tolerates water temperatures ranging from <= 1 to > 24 degrees C, with daily changes of up to 11 degrees C. It attaches to pebbles, cobbles, and boulders, and it overgrows other tunicates, seaweeds, sponges, and bivalves. From May to mid July, colonies appear as small patches on the bottoms of rocks. Colonies grow rapidly from July to September, with some growth into December, and they range in color from pink to pale yellow to pale orange. Colony health declines from October through April, presumably in response to changes in water temperatures, and this degenerative process is manifested by color changes, by the appearance of small dark brown spots that represent clumps of fecal pellets in the colony, by scavenging by periwinkles, and by a peeling-away of colonies from the sides of cobbles and boulders. At Sandwich, colonies died that were exposed to air at low tide. The species does not exhibit this seasonal cycle of growth and decline in subtidal habitats (40-65 m) on the Georges Bank fishing grounds where the daily climate is relatively stable and annual water temperatures range from 4 to 15 degrees C. Experiments in the tide pool with small colony fragments (5 to 9 cm(2)) show they re-attach and grow rapidly by asexual budding, increasing in size 6- to 11-fold in the first 15 days. Didemnum sp. at Sandwich has no known predators except for common periwinkles (Littorina littorea) that graze on degenerating colonies in the October to April time period and whenever colonies are stressed by desiccation. The tendencies of the ascidian (1) to attach to firm substrates, (2) to rapidly overgrow other species, (3) to tolerate a wide temperature range, (4) to be free from predation, and (5) to spread by colony fragmentation combine to make it a potential threat to benthic marine habitats and aquacultures. Didemnum sp. is known to overgrow mussels, oysters, and sea scallops, and it likely envelops other bivalves too. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Valentine, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Res Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM pvalentine@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD MAR 26 PY 2007 VL 342 IS 1 BP 109 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2006.10.021 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 142SE UT WOS:000244669400014 ER PT J AU Valentine, PC Collie, JS Reid, RN Asch, RG Guida, VG Blackwood, DS AF Valentine, Page C. Collie, Jeremy S. Reid, Robert N. Asch, Rebecca G. Guida, Vince G. Blackwood, Dann S. TI The occurrence of the colonial ascidian Didemnum sp on Georges Bank gravel habitat - Ecological observations and potential effects on groundfish and scallop fisheries SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Invasive Sea Squirt Conference CY APR 21-22, 2005 CL Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Wood Hole, MA HO Woods Hole Oceanog Inst DE colonial ascidian; colonial tunicate; Didemnum; Georges Bank; gravel habitat C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Howard Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Valentine, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM pvalentine@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD MAR 26 PY 2007 VL 342 IS 1 SI SI BP 179 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2006.10.038 PG 3 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 142SE UT WOS:000244669400025 ER PT J AU Kolpin, DW Meyer, MT Barber, LB Furlong, ET Haack, SK Burkhardt, MR Gray, JL Loftin, KA AF Kolpin, Dana W. Meyer, Michael T. Barber, Larry B. Furlong, Edward T. Haack, Sheridan K. Burkhardt, Mark R. Gray, James L. Loftin, Keith A. TI AGRO 37-CAFOs and emerging contaminants: Research by the USGS TOXICS Program SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kolpin, Dana W.; Meyer, Michael T.; Barber, Larry B.; Haack, Sheridan K.; Gray, James L.; Loftin, Keith A.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.; Burkhardt, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dwkolpin@usgs.gov; lbbarber@usgs.gov; efurlong@usgs.gov; skhaack@usgs.gov; mrburk@usgs.gov; jlgray@usgs.gov; kloftin@usgs.gov RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; Gray, James/I-8136-2012 OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 37-AGRO BP 200 EP 200 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800175 ER PT J AU Wolock, DM AF Wolock, David M. TI AGRO 139-Connecting watersheds and water quality: Understanding the transport of agricultural chemicals to streams SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wolock, David M.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM dwolock@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 139-AGRO BP 211 EP 211 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800186 ER PT J AU Stackelberg, PE Gilliom, RJ Wolock, DM Nakagaki, N AF Stackelberg, Paul E. Gilliom, Robert J. Wolock, David M. Nakagaki, Naomi TI AGRO 122-Modeling atrazine occurrence in shallow groundwater in agricultural areas of the United States SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stackelberg, Paul E.; Gilliom, Robert J.; Wolock, David M.; Nakagaki, Naomi] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12123 USA. EM pestack@usgs.gov; rgilliom@usgs.gov; dwolock@usgs.gov; nakagaki@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 122-AGRO BP 217 EP 217 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800192 ER PT J AU Stone, WW Crawford, CG Gilliom, RJ AF Stone, Wesley W. Crawford, Charles G. Gilliom, Robert J. TI AGRO 140-Estimating pesticide concentrations in US streams from watershed characteristics and pesticide properties SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stone, Wesley W.; Crawford, Charles G.; Gilliom, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. EM wwstone@usgs.gov; cgcrawfo@usgs.gov; rgilliom@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 140-AGRO BP 219 EP 219 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800194 ER PT J AU Preston, SD Brakebill, JW AF Preston, Stephen D. Brakebill, John W. TI AGRO 144-Integration of spatially detailed information to assess the role of agricultural sources in nutrient loading to the Chesapeake Bay SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Preston, Stephen D.; Brakebill, John W.] US Geol Survey, DE DC Water Sci Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. EM spreston@usgs.gov; jwbrakeb@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 144-AGRO BP 226 EP 226 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800201 ER PT J AU Nowell, LH Crawford, CG Nakagaki, N Thelin, GP Wolock, DM AF Nowell, Lisa H. Crawford, Charles G. Nakagaki, Naomi Thelin, Gail P. Wolock, David M. TI AGRO 145-Regression models for explaining and predicting organochlorine pesticide concentrations in whole fish from US streams SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nowell, Lisa H.; Crawford, Charles G.; Nakagaki, Naomi; Thelin, Gail P.; Wolock, David M.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM lhnowell@usgs.gov; cgcrawfo@usgs.gov; nakagaki@usgs.gov; gpthelin@usgs.gov; dwolock@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 145-AGRO BP 235 EP 235 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800210 ER PT J AU Barbash, JE Voss, FD AF Barbash, Jack E. Voss, Frank D. TI AGRO 123-Use of a geographic information system (GIS) with process-based simulation modeling to predict atrazine concentrations in shallow groundwater across the United States: Simulation approach and testing against nationwide observations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Barbash, Jack E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment NAWQA Pesticide Natl, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Voss, Frank D.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM jbarbash@usgs.gov; fdvoss@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 123-AGRO BP 292 EP 292 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800267 ER PT J AU Thelin, GP Nakagaki, N AF Thelin, Gail P. Nakagaki, Naomi TI AGRO 168-Development and application of spatially-distributed pesticide use information for assessing water quality SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thelin, Gail P.; Nakagaki, Naomi] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM gpthelin@usgs.gov; nakagaki@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 168-AGRO BP 293 EP 293 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800268 ER PT J AU Ator, SW Denver, JM Neale, AC Pitchford, AM AF Ator, Scott W. Denver, Judith M. Neale, Anne C. Pitchford, Ann M. TI AGRO 143-Estimating the likelihood of occurrence of selected pesticides and nutrients at specific concentrations in Coastal Plain streams on the basis of landscape characteristics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ator, Scott W.; Denver, Judith M.] US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. [Neale, Anne C.; Pitchford, Ann M.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM swator@usgs.gov; jmdenver@usgs.gov; neale.anne@epa.gov; pitchford.ann@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 143-AGRO BP 332 EP 332 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800307 ER PT J AU Ellis, AS Johnson, TM Bullen, TD Sikora, E Kitchen, J AF Ellis, Andre S. Johnson, Thomas M. Bullen, Thomas D. Sikora, Eric Kitchen, Jacqueline TI Monitoring fate and transport of chromium using stable isotopes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ellis, Andre S.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Johnson, Thomas M.; Sikora, Eric; Kitchen, Jacqueline] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM aellis@utep.edu; tdbullen@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 105-ENVR BP 382 EP 382 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802332 ER PT J AU Ashby, M Nelson, K Mongodin, E Lorenson, T Dimster-Denk, D AF Ashby, Matthew Nelson, Karen Mongodin, Emmanuel Lorenson, Thomas Dimster-Denk, Dago TI FUEL 26-Single-shot raman measurements in diesel spray systems as a tool to differentiate two-stage ignition from single stage ignition SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ashby, Matthew; Dimster-Denk, Dago] Taxon Biosci Inc, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Nelson, Karen; Mongodin, Emmanuel] Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Lorenson, Thomas] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ashbym@taxon.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 21-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801862 ER PT J AU Davis, JA Bond, DL Arai, Y Zachara, JM AF Davis, James A. Bond, Deborah L. Arai, Yuji Zachara, John M. TI Experimental approach for distinguishing between contaminant release by desorption and dissolution processes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Davis, James A.; Bond, Deborah L.; Arai, Yuji] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zachara, John M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jadavis@usgs.gov; dlbond@usgs.gov; yarai@usgs.gov; john.zachara@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 103-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807011 ER PT J AU Megrey, BA Rose, KA Klumb, RA Hay, DE Werner, FE Eslinger, DL Smith, SL AF Megrey, Bernard A. Rose, Kenneth A. Klumb, Robert A. Hay, Douglas E. Werner, Francisco E. Eslinger, David L. Smith, S. Lan TI A bioenergetlics-based population dynamics model of Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) coupled to a lower trophic level nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton model: Description, calibration, and sensitivity analysis SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Dubrovnik Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems CY JUN 05-10, 2005 CL Dubrovnik, CROATIA DE lower trophic level model; NEMURO; NEMURO.FISH; bioenergetics; population dynamics; herring; coupled marine ecosystem model ID INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; SOMATIC ENERGY CONTENT; EARLY-LIFE HISTORY; SPATIALLY EXPLICIT; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; LARVAL FISH; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MARINE ECOSYSTEM AB We describe an approach to dynamically couple a fish bioenergetics-based population dynamics model to the NEMURO lower trophic level nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton model. The coupled models, denoted NEMURO.FISH and configured for Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasii) on the west coast of Vancouver island, are capable of simulating the daily dynamics of the lower trophic levels and the daily average weight and numbers of individual herring in each of 10 age classes over multiple years. New recruits to the herring population are added each June based on either constant recruitment or dynamic recruitment generated from an environmental Ricker spawner-recruitment relationship. The dynamics of the three zooplankton groups in the NEMURO model determine the consumption rate of the herring; herring consumption affects the zooplankton, and egestion and excretion contribute to the nitrogen dynamics. NEMURO was previously calibrated to field data for the West Coast Vancouver Island. Thirty-year simulations of herring growth and population dynamics were performed that used repeated environmental conditions for the lower trophic levels of NEMURO and historical environmental variables for the herring spawner-recruit relationship. Herring dynamics were calibrated to the west coast of Vancouver Island such that the coupled models reasonably duplicated observed herring weights-at-age and total herring biomass. Additional 30-year simulations under constant recruitment with herring coupled and uncoupled from NEMURO clearly showed the effects of the feedback mechanism between the two models and also showed that herring have small to moderate effects on their prey. Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis showed the importance of feeding- and respiration-related parameters to predicted individual and population herring growth. The utility of the NEMURO.FISH framework for improving our understanding of climate change effects on marine ecosystem dynamics is discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Fisheries Inst, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Management Assistanc, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada. Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. JAMSTEC, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Ecosyst Change Res Program, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. RP Megrey, BA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM bern.megrey@noaa.gov RI Smith, S./D-2493-2012 OI Smith, S./0000-0002-2338-5893 NR 78 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 5 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAR 24 PY 2007 VL 202 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 144 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.08.020 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 151SL UT WOS:000245311000014 ER PT J AU Mastin, LG AF Mastin, Larry G. TI A user-friendly one-dimensional model for wet volcanic plumes SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE volcanic plumes; volcanic ash; eruption modeling; volcanology : explosive volcanism; volcanology : atmospheric effects; volcanology : volcanic hazards and risks ID ERUPTION COLUMNS; THERMODYNAMICS; CONVECTION; DYNAMICS; HEIGHTS AB [1] This paper presents a user-friendly graphically based numerical model of one-dimensional steady state homogeneous volcanic plumes that calculates and plots profiles of upward velocity, plume density, radius, temperature, and other parameters as a function of height. The model considers effects of water condensation and ice formation on plume dynamics as well as the effect of water added to the plume at the vent. Atmospheric conditions may be specified through input parameters of constant lapse rates and relative humidity, or by loading profiles of actual atmospheric soundings. To illustrate the utility of the model, we compare calculations with field-based estimates of plume height ( similar to 9 km) and eruption rate (> similar to 4 x 10(5) kg/s) during a brief tephra eruption at Mount St. Helens on 8 March 2005. Results show that the atmospheric conditions on that day boosted plume height by 1 - 3 km over that in a standard dry atmosphere. Although the eruption temperature was unknown, model calculations most closely match the observations for a temperature that is below magmatic but above 100 degrees C. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Mastin, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM lgmastin@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD MAR 24 PY 2007 VL 8 AR Q03014 DI 10.1029/2006GC001455 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 149ZI UT WOS:000245185000002 ER PT J AU King, NE Argus, D Langbein, J Agnew, DC Bawden, G Dollar, RS Liu, Z Galloway, D Reichard, E Yong, A Webb, FH Bock, Y Stark, K Barseghian, D AF King, N. E. Argus, D. Langbein, J. Agnew, D. C. Bawden, G. Dollar, R. S. Liu, Z. Galloway, D. Reichard, E. Yong, A. Webb, F. H. Bock, Y. Stark, K. Barseghian, D. TI Space geodetic observation of expansion of the San Gabriel Valley, California, aquifer system, during heavy rainfall in winter 2004-2005 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID METROPOLITAN LOS-ANGELES; BLIND-THRUST-FAULT; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; TIME-SERIES; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE; TECTONIC ANALYSIS; SLIP; GPS; DEFORMATION AB [1] Starting early in 2005, the positions of GPS stations in the San Gabriel valley region of southern California showed statistically significant departures from their previous behavior. Station LONG moved up by about 47 mm, and nearby stations moved away from LONG by about 10 mm. These changes began during an extremely rainy season in southern California and coincided with a 16-m increase in water level at a nearby well in Baldwin Park and a regional uplift detected by interferometric synthetic aperture radar. No equivalent signals were seen in GPS station position time series elsewhere in southern California. Our preferred explanation, supported by the timing and by a hydrologic simulation, is deformation due to recharging of aquifers after near-record rainfall in 2004 - 2005. We cannot rule out an aseismic slip event, but we consider such an event unlikely because it requires slip on multiple faults and predicts other signals that are not observed. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Calif Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Stark Stark Consulting LLC, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP King, NE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM nking@usgs.gov RI Argus, Donald/F-7704-2011; Liu, Zhen/D-8334-2017; OI Galloway, Devin/0000-0003-0904-5355 NR 56 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 24 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B3 AR B03409 DI 10.1029/2006JB004448 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 150FE UT WOS:000245200200003 ER PT J AU Thieler, ER Butman, B Schwab, WC Allison, MA Driscoll, NW Donnelly, JP Uchupi, E AF Thieler, E. Robert Butman, Bradford Schwab, William C. Allison, Mead A. Driscoll, Neal W. Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Uchupi, Elazar TI A catastrophic meltwater flood event and the formation of the Hudson Shelf Valley SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE continental shelf; glacial lakes; meltwater; sea-level rise; transgression; Wisconsinan ID YOUNGER DRYAS EVENT; SEA-LEVEL RECORD; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NEW-YORK; NEW-JERSEY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STRATIGRAPHY; RIVER; DEGLACIATION; CIRCULATION AB The Hudson Shelf Valley (HSV) is the largest physiographic feature on the U.S. mid-Atlantic continental shelf. The 150-km long valley is the submerged extension of the ancestral Hudson River Valley that connects to the Hudson Canyon. Unlike other incised valleys on the mid-Atlantic shelf, it has not been infilled with sediment during the Holocene. Analyses of multibeam bathymetry, acoustic backscatter intensity, and high-resolution seismic reflection profiles reveal morphologic and stratigraphic evidence for a catastrophic meltwater flood event that fort-ned the modem HSV. The valley and its distal deposits record a discrete flood event that carved 15-m high banks, formed a 120-km(2) field of 3- to 6-m high bedforms, and deposited a subaqueous delta on the outer shelf The HSV is inferred to have been carved initially by precipitation and meltwater runoff during the advance of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, and later by the drainage of early proglacial lakes through stable spillways. A flood resulting from the failure of the terminal moraine dam at the Narrows between Staten Island and Long Island, New York, allowed glacial lakes in the Hudson and Ontario basins to drain across the continental shelf Water level changes in the Hudson River basin associated with the catastrophic drainage of glacial lakes Iroquois, Vermont, and Albany around 11,450 C-14 year BP (similar to 13,350 cal BP) may have precipitated dam failure at the Narrows. This 3200 km(3) discharge of freshwater entered the North Atlantic proximal to the Gulf Stream and may have affected thennottaline circulation at the onset of the Intra-Allerod Cold Period. Based on bedforni characteristics and fluvial morphology in the HSV, the maximum freshwater flux during the flood event is estimated to be similar to 0.46 Sv for a duration of similar to 80 days. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Thieler, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM rthieler@usgs.gov RI Allison, Mead/A-7208-2010; OI thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717 NR 58 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD MAR 23 PY 2007 VL 246 IS 1 BP 120 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.10.030 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 152SZ UT WOS:000245383400009 ER PT J AU Flamarique, IN Mueller, GA Cheng, CL Figiel, CR AF Flamarique, I. Novales Mueller, G. A. Cheng, C. L. Figiel, C. R. TI Communication using eye roll reflective signalling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE visual communication; ultraviolet cones; sucker; territoriality ID SUCKER CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI; LOWER COLORADO RIVER; POECILIA-RETICULATA; MATE-CHOICE; 3-SPINED STICKLEBACKS; ULTRAVIOLET VISION; COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR; XYRAUCHEN-TEXANUS; ARIZONA-NEVADA; SINGLE CONES AB Body reflections in the ultraviolet (UV) are a common occurrence in nature. Despite the abundance of such signals and the presence of UV cones in the retinas of many vertebrates, the function of UV cones in the majority of taxa remains unclear. Here, we report on an unusual communication system in the razorback sucker, Xyrauchen texanus, that involves flash signals produced by quick eye rolls. Behavioural experiments and field observations indicate that this form of communication is used to signal territorial presence between males. The flash signal shows highest contrast in the UV region of the visual spectrum (lambda(max) similar to 380 nm), corresponding to the maximum wavelength of absorption of the UV cone mechanism in suckers. Furthermore, these cones are restricted to the dorsal retina of the animal and the upwelling light background is such that their relative sensitivity would be enhanced by chromatic adaptation of the other cone mechanisms. Thus, the UV cones in the sucker have optimal characteristics (both in terms of absorbance and retinal topography) to constitute the main detectors of the flash signal. Our findings provide the first ecological evidence for restricted distribution of UV cones in the retina of a vertebrate. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Willow Beach, AZ 86445 USA. RP Flamarique, IN (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM inigo@sfu.ca NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P R SOC B JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAR 22 PY 2007 VL 274 IS 1611 BP 877 EP 882 DI 10.1098/rspb.2006.0246 PG 6 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 131BE UT WOS:000243842100016 ER PT J AU Hinkel, KM Jones, BM Eisner, WR Cuomo, CJ Beck, RA Frohn, R AF Hinkel, Kenneth M. Jones, Benjamin M. Eisner, Wendy R. Cuomo, Chris J. Beck, Richard A. Frohn, Robert TI Methods to assess natural and anthropogenic thaw lake drainage on the western Arctic coastal plain of northern Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PERMAFROST; CANADA; CARBON; ICE; BASINS; CLASSIFICATION; PALEOGEOGRAPHY; PERSPECTIVES; THERMOKARST AB [1] Thousands of lakes are found on the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska and northwestern Canada. Developed atop continuous permafrost, these thaw lakes and associated drained thaw lake basins are the dominant landscape elements and together cover 46% of the 34,570 km(2) western Arctic Coastal Plain (WACP). Lakes drain by a variety of episodic processes, including coastal erosion, stream meandering, and headward erosion, bank overtopping, and lake coalescence. Comparison of Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) imagery from the mid-1970s to Landsat 7 enhanced thematic mapper (ETM+) imagery from around 2000 shows that 50 lakes completely or partially drained over the approximately 25 year period, indicating landscape stability. The lake-specific drainage mechanism can be inferred in some cases and is partially dependant on geographic settings conducive to active erosion such as riparian and coastal zones. In many cases, however, the cause of drainage is unknown. The availability of high-resolution aerial photographs for the Barrow Peninsula extends the record back to circa 1950; mapping spatial time series illustrates the dynamic nature of lake expansion, coalescence, and drainage. Analysis of these historical images suggests that humans have intentionally or inadvertently triggered lake drainage near the village of Barrow. Efforts to understand landscape processes and identify events have been enhanced by interviewing Inupiaq elders and others practicing traditional subsistence lifestyles. They can often identify the year and process by which individual lakes drained, thereby providing greater dating precision and accuracy in assessing the causal mechanism. Indigenous knowledge has provided insights into events, landforms, and processes not previously identified or considered. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Womens Studies, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Philosophy, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, SAIC, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Hinkel, KM (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM kenneth.hinkel@uc.edu NR 58 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAR 21 PY 2007 VL 112 IS F2 AR F02S16 DI 10.1029/2006JF000584 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 150CR UT WOS:000245193700001 ER PT J AU Casciotti, KL Bohlke, JK McIlvin, MR Mroczkowski, SJ Hannon, JE AF Casciotti, Karen L. Boehlke, John Karl McIlvin, Matthew R. Mroczkowski, Stanley J. Hannon, Janet E. TI Oxygen isotopes in nitrite: Analysis, calibration, and equilibration SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL NORTH-PACIFIC; NITROUS-OXIDE; ARABIAN SEA; FRESH-WATER; BACTERIAL DENITRIFICATION; DENITRIFYING BACTERIA; NITROSOMONAS-EUROPAEA; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; STATION ALOHA; NITRATE AB Nitrite is a central intermediate in the nitrogen cycle and can persist in significant concentrations in ocean waters, sediment pore waters, and terrestrial groundwaters. To fully interpret the effect of microbial processes on nitrate (NO(3)(-)), nitrite (NO(2)(-)), and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) cycling in these systems, the nitrite pool must be accessible to isotopic analysis. Furthermore, because nitrite interferes with most methods of nitrate isotopic analysis, accurate isotopic analysis of nitrite is essential for correct measurement of nitrate isotopes in a sample that contains nitrite. In this study, nitrite salts with varying oxygen isotopic compositions were prepared and calibrated and then used to test the denitrifier method for nitrite oxygen isotopic analysis. The oxygen isotopic fractionation during nitrite reduction to N(2)O by Pseudomonas aureofaciens was lower than for nitrate conversion to N(2)O, while oxygen isotopic exchange between nitrite and water during the reaction was similar. These results enable the extension of the denitrifier method to oxygen isotopic analysis of nitrite (in the absence of nitrate) and correction of nitrate isotopes for the presence of nitrite in "mixed" samples. We tested storage conditions for seawater and freshwater samples that contain nitrite and provide recommendations for accurate oxygen isotopic analysis of nitrite by any method. Finally, we report preliminary results on the equilibrium isotope effect between nitrite and water, which can play an important role in determining the oxygen isotopic value of nitrite where equilibration with water is significant. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Casciotti, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM kcasciotti@whoi.edu NR 49 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 6 BP 2427 EP 2436 DI 10.1021/ac061598h PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 145LR UT WOS:000244867100030 PM 17295443 ER PT J AU Borrok, D Aumend, K Fein, JB AF Borrok, David Aumend, Keith Fein, Jeremy B. TI Significance of ternary bacteria-metal-natural organic matter complexes determined through experimentation and chemical equilibrium modeling SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacteria; ternary; NOM; humic; metals; adsorption ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FULVIC-ACID; CELL-WALLS; ADSORPTION REACTIONS; CD ADSORPTION; ION BINDING; SURFACES; SORPTION; BEHAVIOR AB In this study, we conducted experiments that tested for the existence of ternary surface complexes involving bacteria, metal cations and natural organic matter (NOM). We performed a variety of batch complexation experiments in single (NOM only), binary (Bacillus subtilis-metal, NOM-metal, B. subtilis-NOM), and ternary (B. subtilis-metal-NOM) systems in order to determine the significance of ternary complexation. We conducted experiments as a function of 1) pH, 2) component concentrations, 3) fraction of NOM (humic, fulvic, or bulk), and 4) metal of interest (Pb, Cu, Cd, and Ni). Our investigative approach was to quantify the differences between the binary and ternary experimental systems under these different conditions. The concentration of NOM bound in ternary form was calculated directly from experimental data by comparing binary and ternary systems. The concentration of metal bound in ternary form was calculated using chemical equilibrium modeling. Experimental results demonstrate that bacteria-metal-NOM complex formation is a rapid, fully-reversible chemical process. The pH of the aqueous system is the biggest factor in the stability, and therefore significance of ternary complexes. As pH decreases, bacteria-metal-NOM complexes become more stable. The fraction of NOM involved and the identity of the aqueous metal cation have a comparatively modest impact on the stability of ternary complexes. All NOM fractions form ternary complexes to similar extents at circumneutral pH, but humic acid becomes the dominant NOM fraction in ternary complexes at low pH. The abundance of humic acid in ternary form is greatest in experimental systems with Ni or Cd and less in systems with Pb and Cu. These observations suggest that bacteria-metal-NOM complexes are abundant under the conditions present in most natural waters. Hence, ternary complexes may impact the mobility of aqueous metal cations in natural systems by changing dissolved NOM-metal complexes to colloidal bacteria-metal-NOM complexes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Borrok, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964D, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM dborrok@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 238 IS 1-2 BP 44 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.10.013 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 147HZ UT WOS:000244995300004 ER PT J AU Slack, JF Grenne, T Bekker, A Rouxel, OJ Lindberg, PA AF Slack, J. F. Grenne, T. Bekker, A. Rouxel, O. J. Lindberg, P. A. TI Suboxic deep seawater in the late Paleoproterozoic: Evidence from hematitic chert and iron formation related to seafloor-hydrothermal sulfide deposits, central Arizona, USA SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Proterozoic; deep ocean redox state; hematitic chert; iron formation; rare earth elements; Ce anomalies ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; PROTEROZOIC OCEAN CHEMISTRY; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; ORDOVICIAN LOKKEN OPHIOLITE; EAST PACIFIC RISE; SOUTH-AFRICA; BLACK-SEA; EVOLUTION; PLUME; FRACTIONATION AB A current model for the evolution of Proterozoic deep seawater composition involves a change from anoxic sulfide-free to sulfidic conditions 1.8 Ga. In an earlier model the deep ocean became oxic at that time. Both models are based on the secular distribution of banded iron formation (BIF) in shallow marine sequences. We here present a new model based on rare earth elements, especially redox-sensitive Ce, in hydrothermal silica-iron oxide sediments from deeper-water, open-marine settings related to volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. In contrast to Archean, Paleozoic, and modem hydrothermal iron oxide sediments, 1.74 to 1.71 Ga hematitic chert (jasper) and iron formation in central Arizona, USA, show moderate positive to small negative Ce anomalies, suggesting that the redox state of the deep ocean then was at a transitional, suboxic state with low concentrations of dissolved O-2 but no H2S. The presence of jasper and/or iron formation related to VMS deposits in other volcano sedimentary sequences ca. 1.79-1.69 Ga, 1.40 Ga, and 1.24 Ga also reflects oxygenated and not sulfidic deep ocean waters during these time periods. Suboxic conditions in the deep ocean are consistent with the lack of shallow-marine BIF similar to 1.8 to 0.8 Ga, and likely limited nutrient concentrations in seawater and, consequently, may have constrained biological evolution. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Slack, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jfslack@usgs.gov RI Rouxel, Olivier/F-3954-2014 NR 78 TC 102 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 255 IS 1-2 BP 243 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.12.018 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 149JQ UT WOS:000245143600019 ER PT J AU Tromp-van Meerveld, HJ Peters, NE McDonnell, JJ AF Tromp-van Meerveld, H. J. Peters, N. E. McDonnell, J. J. TI Effect of bedrock permeability on subsurface stormflow and the water balance of a trenched hillslope at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE bedrock leakage; Panola Mountain Research Watershed; sprinkling experiments; subsurface stormflow; water balance; granite bedrock ID RUNOFF GENERATION; UNCHANNELED CATCHMENT; HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE; FORESTED HILLSLOPE; RESIDENCE TIMES; CANADIAN SHIELD; NEW-ZEALAND; FLOW PATHS; STEEP; SOIL AB The effect of bedrock permeability on subsurface stormflow initiation and the hillslope water balance is poorly understood. Previous hillslope hydrological studies at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW), Georgia, USA, have assumed that the bedrock underlying the trenched hillslope is effectively impermeable. This paper presents a series of sprinkling experiments where we test the bedrock impermeability hypothesis at the PMRW. Specifically, we quantify the bedrock permeability effects on hillslope subsurface stormflow generation and the hillslope water balance at the PMRW. Five sprinkling experiments were, performed by applying 882-1676 mm of rainfall over a similar to 5.5 m x 12 m area on the lower hillslope during similar to 8 days. In addition to water input and output captured at the trench, we measured transpiration in 14 trees on the slope to close the water balance. Of the 193 mm day(-1) applied during the later part of the sprinkling experiments when soil moisture changes were small, < 14 mm day(-1) was collected at the trench and < 4 mm day(-1) was transpired by the trees, with residual bedrock leakage of > 175 mm day(-1) (91%). Bedrock moisture was measured at three locations downslope of the water collection system in the trench. Bedrock moisture responded quickly to precipitation in early spring. Peak tracer breakthrough in response to natural precipitation in the bedrock downslope from the trench was delayed only 2 days relative to peak tracer arrival in subsurface stormflow at the trench. Leakage to bedrock influences subsurface stormflow at the storm time-scale and also the water balance of the hillslope. This has important implications for the age and geochemistry of the water and thus how one models this hillslope and watershed. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Tromp-van Meerveld, HJ (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, ENAC, EFLUM, Sch Architecture Civil & Environm Engn, Stn 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM ilja.vanMeerveld@epfl.ch RI van Meerveld, Ilja/C-5146-2011; McDonnell, Jeffrey/I-6400-2013 OI van Meerveld, Ilja/0000-0002-7547-3270; NR 59 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 33 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP 750 EP 769 DI 10.1002/hyp.6265 PG 20 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 152LR UT WOS:000245364000005 ER PT J AU Robinson, GR Sibrell, PL Boughton, CJ Yang, LH AF Robinson, G. R., Jr. Sibrell, P. L. Boughton, C. J. Yang, L. H. TI Influence of soil chemistry on metal and bioessential element concentrations in nymphal and adult periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.); biogeochemistry; metals; orchard; soil; keratin; lead arsenate; gold ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD; CICADIDAE; 17-YEAR; HOMOPTERA; BEHAVIOR; PREDATION; SIZE; FOOD AB Metal and bioessential element concentrations were measured in three species of 17-year periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.) to determine how cicada tissue chemistry is affected by soil chemistry, measure the bioavailability of metals from both uncontaminated and lead-arsenate-pesticide contaminated soils, and assess the potential risks of observed metal contamination for wildlife. Periodical cicada nymphs feed on root xylem fluids for 13 or 17 years of underground development. The nymphs then emerge synchronously at high densities, before leaving their nymphal keratin exoskeleton and molting into their adult form. Cicadas are an important food source for birds and animals during emergence events, and influence nutrient cycles in woodland ecosystems. Nymphal exoskeletons and whole adult cicadas were sampled in Clarke and Frederick Counties, Virginia and Berkeley and Jefferson Counties, West Virginia during the Brood X emergence in May and June, 2004. Elements, such as At, Fe, and Pb, are strongly enriched in the nymphal exoskeleton relative to the adult body; Cu and Zn are enriched in bodies. Concentrations of Fe and Pb, when normalized to relatively inert soil constituents such as At and Ce, are similar in both the molt exoskeleton and their host soil, implying that passive assimilation through prolonged soil contact (adhesion or adsorption) might control these metal concentrations. Normalized concentrations of bioessential elements, such as S, P, K, Ca, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Mo, and chalcophile (sulfur-loving) elements, such as As, Se, and An, indicate strong enrichment in cicada tissues relative to soil, implying selective absorption and retention by xylem fluids, the cicada nymphs themselves, or both. Element enrichment patterns in cicada tissues are similar to enrichment patterns observed in xylem fluids from tree roots. Chalcophile elements and heavy metals accumulate in keratin-rich tissues and may bind to sulthydryl groups. Metal concentrations in the nymphal exoskeleton show a positive correlation with soil metal concentrations, with An exhibiting particularly strong enrichment in the exoskeleton relative to soil concentrations. Metal concentrations in adult bodies do not correlate with soil chemistry. Bioessential elements S, Ca, Mn, Fe, and Zn differed by sex in adults, whereas Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, and As differed by species. Body concentrations of Ca differed by site conditions (orchard or reference setting). The high Pb contents of orchard soils contaminated by arsenical pesticide residues might inhibit Ca uptake by cicada nymphs. The adult cicadas contain concentrations of metals similar to, or less than, other invertebrates, such as earthworms. There does not appear to be a dietary threat to birds or other consumers of adult cicadas based on Maximum Tolerable Dietary Level (MTDL) Guidelines developed for agricultural animals. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Robinson, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM grobinson@usgs.gov OI Sibrell, Philip/0000-0001-5666-1228 NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 374 IS 2-3 BP 367 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.12.031 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 152LW UT WOS:000245364500016 PM 17258290 ER PT J AU Lerner, DT Bjornsson, BT McCormick, SD AF Lerner, Darren T. Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur McCormick, Stephen D. TI Effects of aqueous exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) on physiology and behavior of smolt development of Atlantic salmon SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; PCB; Aroclor 1254; salinity tolerance; osmoregulation; seawater preference; smolting ID FRESH-WATER FISH; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; GROWTH-HORMONE; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; ATPASE ACTIVITY; RAINBOW-TROUT; ARCTIC CHARR; RANA-PIPIENS; SHORT-TERM AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) area widespread aquatic contaminant and are present in both wild and hatchery raised Atlantic salmon, Salmo solar. The possible sub-lethal alterations in smolt physiology and behavior due to PCB exposure of salmon have not been widely examined. In this study, we examined the effects of the PCB mixture Aroclor 1254 on survival and smolt development of Atlantic salmon. In separate experiments, fish were exposed as yolk-sac larvae of as juveniles just prior to the parr-smolt transformation in April to 1 mu g l(-1) (PCB-1) or 10 mu g l(-1) (PCB-10) aqueous Aroclor 1254 (A1254), or vehicle for 21 days. After exposure, yolk-sac larvae were reared at ambient conditions for 1 year, until the peak of smolting the following May. Juveniles were sampled immediately after exposure. Both groups were assessed for behavioral, osmoregulatory, and endocrine disruption of smolt development at the peak of smolting. PCB-1 and PCB-10 treated yolk-sac larvae exhibited significant increases in the rate of opercular movement after 14 and 21 days Of exposure. At the peak of smolting, prior exposure as yolk-sac larvae to PCB-1 did not affect behavior, while PCB-10 dramatically decreased volitional preference for seawater. Neither concentration of A1254 had long-term effects on the osmoregulatory or endocrine parameters measured in animals exposed Lis yolk-sac larvae. Juvenile fish exposed to PCB-1 or PCB-10 during smolting exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in preference for seawater. Fish treated with the higher dose of A1254 also exhibited a 50% decrease in gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity and a 10% decrease in plasma chloride levels in freshwater. In addition, plasma triihodothyronine was reduced 35-50% and plasma cortisol 58% in response to exposure to either concentration: whereas plasma thyroxine, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor I levels were unaffected. These results indicate that the effects of exposure to A1254 may vary according to developmental stage. Exposure to A1254 in the freshwater environment can inhibit preparatory adaptations that occur during smolting, thereby reducing Marine survival and sustainability of salmon Populations. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, USGS, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Gothenburg, Fish Endocrinol Lab, Dept Zool Zoophysiol, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Lerner, DT (reprint author), Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, USGS, POB 796,1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM dlerner@forwild.umass.edu RI Bjornsson, Bjorn/B-9161-2008 OI Bjornsson, Bjorn/0000-0002-1310-9756 NR 55 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD MAR 10 PY 2007 VL 81 IS 3 BP 329 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.12.018 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 148JA UT WOS:000245069500011 PM 17275933 ER PT J AU Burkett, V Groat, CG Reed, D AF Burkett, Virginia Groat, C. G. Reed, Denise TI Hurricanes not the key to a sustainable coast SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 71449 USA. Univ Texas, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Burkett, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 71449 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 9 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5817 BP 1366 EP 1367 DI 10.1126/science.315.5817.1366 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 143UP UT WOS:000244752200013 PM 17347427 ER PT J AU Deverel, SJ Gallanthine, SK AF Deverel, S. J. Gallanthine, S. K. TI Relation of salinity and selenium in shallow groundwater to hydrologic and geochemical processes, Western San Joaquin Valley, California (vol 109, pg 125, 1989) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Deverel, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2800 Cottage Way, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. EM sdeverel@hydrofocus.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 8 PY 2007 VL 335 IS 1-2 BP 223 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.09.026 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 146ZF UT WOS:000244972500021 ER PT J AU Lee, MW Waite, WF AF Lee, Myung W. Waite, William F. TI Amplitude loss of sonic waveform due to source coupling to the medium SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDRATE-BEARING SEDIMENTS; FLUID-FILLED BOREHOLE; RADIATION; ATTENUATION; WELL AB In contrast to hydrate-free sediments, sonic waveforms acquired in gas hydrate-bearing sediments indicate strong amplitude attenuation associated with a sonic velocity increase. The amplitude attenuation increase has been used to quantify pore-space hydrate content by attributing observed attenuation to the hydrate-bearing sediment's intrinsic attenuation. A second attenuation mechanism must be considered, however. Theoretically, energy radiation from sources inside fluid-filled boreholes strongly depends on the elastic parameters of materials surrounding the borehole. It is therefore plausible to interpret amplitude loss in terms of source coupling to the surrounding medium as well as to intrinsic attenuation. Analyses of sonic waveforms from the Mallik 5L-38 well, Northwest Territories, Canada, indicate a significant component of sonic waveform amplitude loss is due to source coupling. Accordingly, all sonic waveform amplitude analyses should include the effect of source coupling to accurately characterize a formation's intrinsic attenuation. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lee, MW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mlee@usgs.gov OI Waite, William/0000-0002-9436-4109 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 5 AR L05303 DI 10.1029/2006GL029015 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 145WV UT WOS:000244897400006 ER PT J AU Azbej, T Severs, MJ Rusk, BG Bodnar, RJ AF Azbej, Tristan Severs, Matthew J. Rusk, Brian G. Bodnar, Robert J. TI In situ quantitative analysis of individual H2O-CO2 fluid inclusions by laser Raman spectroscopy SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Biennial Meeting of the European Current Research on Fluid Inclusions (ECROFI XVIII) CY JUL 06-09, 2005 CL Siena, ITALY DE Raman spectrometry; fluid inclusions; carbon dioxide; H2O-CO2 ID MICROPROBE SPECTROSCOPY; PRESSURE DETERMINATION; MOLYBDENUM DEPOSIT; GAS-MIXTURES; X PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURES; SYSTEM; QUARTZ; GEOCHEMISTRY; HYDROGEN AB Raman spectral parameters for the Raman v(1) (1285 cm(-1)) and 2v(2) (1388 cm(-1)) bands for CO2 and for the O-H stretching vibration band of H2O (3600 cm(-1)) were determined in H2O-CO2 fluid inclusions. Synthetic fluid inclusions containing 2.5 to 50 mol% CO2 were analyzed at temperatures equal to or greater than the homogenization temperature. The results were used to develop an empirical relationship between composition and Raman spectral parameters. The linear peak intensity ratio (IR=ICO2/( ICO2+IH2O)) is related to the CO2 concentration in the inclusion according to the relation: Mole % CO2 = e(-3.959 IR2 + 8.0734 IR) where ICO2 is the intensity of the 1388 cm(-1) peak and IH2O is the intensity of the 3600 cm(-1) peak. The relationship between linear peak intensity and composition was established at 350 degrees C for compositions ranging from 2.5 to 50 mol% CO2. The CO2-H2O linear peak intensity ratio (IR) varies with temperature and the relationship between composition and IR is strictly valid only if the inclusions are analyzed at 350 degrees C. The peak area ratio is defined as AR=ACO(2)/(ACO(2)+AH(2)O), where ACO(2) is the integrated area under the 1388 cm(-1) peak and AH(2)O is the integrated area under the 3600 cm(-1) peak. The relationship between peak area ratio (AR) and the CO2 concentration in the inclusions is given as: Mole % CO2 = 312.5 AR The equation relating peak area ratio and composition is valid up to 25 mol% CO2 and from 300 to 450 degrees C. The relationship between linear peak intensity ratio and composition should be used for inclusions containing <= 50 mol% CO2 and which can be analyzed at 350 degrees C. The relationship between composition and peak area ratios should be used when analyzing inclusions at temperatures less than or greater than 350 degrees C (300-450) but can only be used for compositions <= 25 mol% CO2. Note that this latter relationship has a somewhat larger standard deviation compared to the intensity ratio relationship. Calibration relationships employing peak areas for both members of the Fermi diad (v(1) at 1285 cm(-1) and 2v(2) at 1388 cm(-1)) were slightly poorer than those using only the 2v(2) (1388 cm(-1)) member owing to interference from quartz peak at approximately 1160 cm(-1). The technique has been applied to natural low-salinity HO-CO, inclusions from the Butte, Montana, porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit. Carbon dioxide concentrations obtained range from below detection to 4.2 mol% CO2, and are in good agreement with concentrations determined previously based on microthermometric and petrographic observations. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Geol Serv, Denver, CO USA. RP Azbej, T (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM tazbej@vt.edu RI Bodnar, Robert/A-1916-2009 NR 40 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 237 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 255 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.06.025 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 144TW UT WOS:000244820200004 ER PT J AU Smith, LW Birkeland, C AF Smith, Lance W. Birkeland, Charles TI Effects of intemittent flow and irradiance level on back reef Porites corals at elevated seawater temperatures SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bleaching; coral; intermittent flow; irradiance; photoinhibition; temperature ID WATER-FLOW; PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY; PHOTOCHEMICAL EFFICIENCY; SOLAR-RADIATION; DIURNAL CHANGES; THERMAL-STRESS; WAVE-DRIVEN; ANDAMAN SEA; PHOTOINHIBITION; PHOTOPROTECTION AB Corals inhabiting shallow back reef habitats are often simultaneously exposed to elevated seawater temperatures and high irradiance levels, conditions known to cause coral bleaching. Water flow in many tropical back reef systems is tidally influenced, resulting in semi-diurnal or diurnal flow patterns. Controlled experiments were conducted to test effects of semi-diurnally intermittent water flow on photoinhibition and bleaching of the corals Porites lobata and P cylindrica kept at elevated seawater temperatures and different irradiance levels. All coral colonies were collected from a shallow back reef pool on Ofu Island, American Samoa. In the high irradiance experiments, photoinhibition and bleaching were less for both species in the intermittent high-low flow treatment than in the constant low flow treatment. In the low irradiance experiments, there were no differences in photoinhibition or bleaching for either species between the flow treatments, despite continuously elevated seawater temperatures. These results suggest that intermittent flow associated with semi-diurnal tides, and low irradiances caused by turbidity or shading, may reduce photoinhibition and bleaching of back reef corals during warming events. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Smith, LW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM lancesmi@hawaii.edu NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 341 IS 2 BP 282 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2006.10.053 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 136PT UT WOS:000244237300013 ER PT J AU Miglia, KJ McArthur, ED Redman, RS Rodriguez, RJ Zak, JC Freeman, DC AF Miglia, Kathleen J. McArthur, E. Durant Redman, Regina S. Rodriguez, Russell J. Zak, John C. Freeman, D. Carl TI Genotype, soil type, and locale effects on reciprocal transplant vigor, endophyte growth, and microbial functional diversity of a narrow sagebrush hybrid zone in Salt Creek, Canyon, Utah SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Asteraceae; big sagebrush; endophyte; fitness; functional microbial diversity; hybrid zone; reciprocal transplant experiment; Salt Creek Canyon ID PLANT COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; FUNGAL DIVERSITY; ASTERACEAE; FITNESS; HYBRIDIZATION; BIODIVERSITY; MYCORRHIZAS; POPULATIONS; SPECIATION AB When addressing the nature of ecological adaptation and environmental factors limiting population ranges and contributing to speciation, it is important to consider not only the plant's genotype and its response to the environment, but also any close interactions that it has with other organisms, specifically, symbiotic microorganisms. To investigate this, soils and seedlings were reciprocally transplanted into common gardens of the big sagebrush hybrid zone in Salt Creek Canyon, Utah, to determine location and edaphic effects on the fitness of parental and hybrid plants. Endophytic symbionts and functional microbial diversity of indigenous and transplanted soils and sagebrush plants were also examined. Strong selection occurred against the parental genotypes in the middle hybrid zone garden in middle hybrid zone soil; F, hybrids had the highest fitness under these conditions. Neither of the parental genotypes had superior fitness in their indigenous soils and habitats; rather F, hybrids with the nonindigenous maternal parent were superiorly fit. Significant garden-by-soil type interactions indicate adaptation of both plant and soil microorganisms to their indigenous soils and habitats, most notably in the middle hybrid zone garden in middle hybrid zone soil. Contrasting performances of F, hybrids suggest asymmetrical gene flow with mountain, rather than basin, big sagebrush acting as the maternal parent. We showed that the microbial community impacted the performance of parental and hybrid plants in different soils, likely limiting the ranges of the different genotypes. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Miglia, KJ (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM kmiglia@sun.science.wayne.edu NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 28 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 94 IS 3 BP 425 EP 436 DI 10.3732/ajb.94.3.425 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 148TM UT WOS:000245097500012 PM 21636412 ER PT J AU Boyle, WA Conway, CJ AF Boyle, W. Alice Conway, Courtney J. TI Why migrate? A test of the evolutionary precursor hypothesis SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Review DE diet; evolution of migration; foraging flock; phylogenetically independent contrasts; resource variability; Tyranni ID PHYLOGENETICALLY INDEPENDENT CONTRASTS; TYRANT FLYCATCHERS TYRANNIDAE; AVIAN MIGRATION; SYSTEMATIC POSITION; MANAKINS PIPRIDAE; TROPICAL FOREST; COSTA-RICA; BIRDS; PHYLOGENY; AVES AB The question of why birds migrate is still poorly understood despite decades of debate. Previous studies have suggested that use of edge habitats and a frugivorous diet are precursors to the evolution of migration in Neotropical birds. However, these studies did not explore other ecological correlates of migration and did not control for phylogeny at the species level. We tested the evolutionary precursor hypothesis by examining the extent to which habitat and diet are associated with migratory behavior, using a species-level comparative analysis of the Tyranni. We used both migratory distance and sedentary versus migratory behavior as response variables. We also examined the influences of foraging group size, membership in mixed-species flocks, elevational range, and body mass on migratory behavior. Raw species analyses corroborated some results from studies that put forth the evolutionary precursor hypothesis, but phylogenetically independent contrast analyses highlighted an important interaction between habitat and diet and their roles as precursors to migration. Foraging group size was consistently associated with migratory behavior in both raw species and independent contrast analyses. Our results lead to a resource variability hypothesis that refines the evolutionary precursor hypothesis and reconciles the results of several studies examining precursors to migration in birds. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Boyle, WA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM alboyle@email.arizona.edu; cconway@ag.arizona.edu RI Boyle, W. Alice/G-1872-2010 OI Boyle, W. Alice/0000-0002-2880-142X NR 112 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 8 U2 36 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 EI 1537-5323 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 169 IS 3 BP 344 EP 359 DI 10.1086/511335 PG 16 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 133SK UT WOS:000244033300006 PM 17294370 ER PT J AU Hupp, CR Rinaldi, M AF Hupp, Cliff R. Rinaldi, Massimo TI Riparian vegetation patterns in relation to fluvial landforms and channel evolution along selected rivers of Tuscany (Central Italy) SO ANNALS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS LA English DT Article DE channel incision; floodplains; fluvial landforms; riparian zone; vegetation ID UPPER RHONE RIVER; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SPECIES-RICHNESS; FRANCE; LANDSCAPE; DIVERSITY; MAINTENANCE; ADJUSTMENTS; PERSPECTIVE; ENVIRONMENT AB Riparian vegetation distribution patterns and diversity relative to various fluvial geomorphic channel patterns, landforms, and processes are described and interpreted for selected rivers of Tuscany, Central Italy; with emphasis on channel evolution following human impacts. Field surveys were conducted along thirteen gauged reaches for species presence, fluvial landforms, and the type and amount of channel/riparian zone change. Inundation frequency of different geomorphic surfaces was determined, and vegetation data were analyzed using BDA (binary discriminate analysis) and DCA (detrended correspondence analysis) and related to hydrogeomorphology. Multivariate analyses revealed distinct quantitative vegetation patterns relative to six major fluvial geomorphic surfaces. DCA of the vegetation data also showed distinct associations of plants to processes of adjustment that are related to stage of channel evolution, and clearly separated plants along disturbance/landform/soil moisture gradients. Species richness increases from the channel bed to the terrace and on heterogeneous riparian areas, whereas species richness decreases from moderate to intense incision and from low to intense narrowing. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Florence, Dept Civil Engn, I-50139 Florence, Italy. RP Hupp, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM crhupp@usgs.gov; mrinaldi@dicea.unifi.it RI Rinaldi, Massimo/C-7923-2012 NR 58 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 17 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0004-5608 J9 ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR JI Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1 BP 12 EP 30 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00521.x PG 19 WC Geography SC Geography GA 144DM UT WOS:000244775700002 ER PT J AU Whitehead, JC Aiken, R AF Whitehead, John C. Aiken, Richard TI Temporal reliability of willingness to pay from the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife-Associated Recreation SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY AUG 30-31, 1999 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID CONTINGENT VALUATION SURVEYS; DICHOTOMOUS CHOICE; DESIGN; VALUES; MODELS AB The US Fish and Wildlife Service's (USFWS) National Survey of Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife-Associated Recreation (FHWAR) has been a source of information on wildlife-related recreation since 1955. The contingent valuation method has been used to estimate willingness to pay for recreation trips in the 1980, 1985, 1991, 1996 and 2001 surveys. However, relatively little comparative analysis over time has been performed. Similar value elicitation formats were used in the 1991 and 1996 surveys for bass and trout fishing, deer hunting and nonconsumptive wildlife recreation. We statistically analyze these data to assess the temporal reliability of the willingness to pay. We control for the effects of trip quality and socioeconomic variables and find that willingness to pay is significantly lower in 1996 for each activity. A subtle, but important, change in the 1996 question format may drive the result of lower willingness to pay. C1 Appalachian State Univ, Dept Econ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Fed Assistance, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Whitehead, JC (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Econ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. EM whiteheadjc@appstate.edu NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4-6 BP 777 EP 786 DI 10.1080/00036840500438996 PG 10 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 169FW UT WOS:000246579100033 ER PT J AU Farber, E Vengosh, A Gavrieli, I Marie, A Bullen, TD Mayer, B Polak, A Shavit, U AF Farber, Efrat Vengosh, Avner Gavrieli, Ittai Marie, Amer Bullen, Thomas D. Mayer, Bernhard Polak, Amir Shavit, Uri TI The geochemistry of groundwater resources in the Jordan Valley: The impact of the Rift Valley brines SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DEAD-SEA RIFT; LAKE-LISAN; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SALINITY SOURCES; EVOLUTION; ISRAEL; SYSTEM; WATER; EVAPORATION; KINNERET AB The chemical composition of groundwater in the Jordan Valley, along the section between the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea, is investigated in order to evaluate the origin of the groundwater resources and, in particular, to elucidate the role of deep brines on the chemical composition of the regional groundwater resources in the Jordan Valley. Samples were collected from shallow groundwater in research boreholes on two sites in the northern and southern parts of the Jordan Valley, adjacent to the Jordan River. Data is also compiled from previous published studies. Geochernical data (e.g., Br/Cl, Na/Cl and SO4/Cl ratios) and B, O, Sr and S isotopic compositions are used to define groundwater groups, to map their distribution in the Jordan valley, and to evaluate their origin. The combined geochemical tools enabled the delineation of three major sources of solutes that differentially affect the quality of groundwater in the Jordan Valley: (1) flow and mixing with hypersaline brines with high Br/Cl (> 2 x 10(-3)) and low Na/Cl (< 0.8) ratios; (2) dissolution of highly soluble salts (e.g., halite, gypsum) in the host sediments resulting in typically lower Br/Cl signal (< 2 x 10(-3)); and (3) recharge of anthropogenic effluents, primarily derived from evaporated agricultural return flow that has interacted (e.g., base-exchange reactions) with the overlying soil. It is shown that shallow saline groundwaters influenced by brine mixing exhibit a north-south variation in their Br/Cl and Na/Cl ratios. This chemical trend was observed also in hypersaline brines in the Jordan valley, which suggests a local mixing process between the water bodies. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, IL-84106 Beer Sheva, Israel. Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel. Al Quds Univ, Dept Appl Earth & Environm Sci, Jerusalem, Israel. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Geol & Geophys, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Vengosh, A (reprint author), Duke Univ, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Box 90227, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM vengosh@duke.edu RI Mayer, Bernhard/G-6444-2012 NR 55 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 494 EP 514 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.12.002 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 155XC UT WOS:000245610900002 ER PT J AU Kalkhan, MA Stafford, EJ Woodly, PJ Stohlgren, TJ AF Kalkhan, Mohammed A. Stafford, Evan J. Woodly, Peter J. Stohlgren, Thomas J. TI Assessing exotic plant species invasions and associated soil characteristics: A case study in eastern Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA, using the pixel nested plot design SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exotic plant species; plant diversity; rapid assessment; pixel nested plot; landscape scale; geospatial information; canonical correspondence analysis; geostatistics ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; INORGANIC CARBON ANALYSIS; FREQUENCY PLOTS; CLASSIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; PATTERNS; UTAH AB Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), Colorado, USA, contains a diversity of plant species. However, many exotic plant species have become established, potentially impacting the structure and function of native plant communities. Our goal was to quantify patterns of exotic plant species in relation to native plant species, soil characteristics, and other abiotic factors that may indicate or predict their establishment and success. Our research approach for field data collection was based on a field plot design called the pixel nested plot. The pixel nested plot provides a link to multi-phase and multi-scale spatial modeling-mapping techniques that can be used to estimate total species richness and patterns of plant diversity at finer landscape scales. Within the eastern region of RMNP, in an area of approximately 35,000 ha, we established a total of 60 pixel nested plots in 9 vegetation types. We used canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and multiple linear regressions to quantify relationships between soil characteristics and native and exotic plant species richness and cover. We also used linear correlation, spatial autocorrelation and cross correlation statistics to test for the spatial patterns of variables of interest. CCA showed that exotic species were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with photosynthetically active radiation (r = 0.55), soil nitrogen (r = 0.58) and bare ground (r = -0.66). Pearson's correlation statistic showed significant linear relationships between exotic species, organic carbon, soil nitrogen, and bare ground. While spatial autocoffelations indicated that our 60 pixel nested plots were spatially independent, the cross correlation statistics indicated that exotic plant species were spatially associated with bare ground, in general, exotic plant species were most abundant in areas of high native species richness. This indicates that resource managers should focus on the protection of relatively rare native rich sites with little canopy cover, and fertile soils. Using the pixel nested plot approach for data collection can facilitate the ecological monitoring of these vulnerable areas at the landscape scale in a time- and cost-effective manner. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Kalkhan, MA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM mohammed@nrel.colostate.edu NR 52 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 622 EP 634 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.09.009 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 135SA UT WOS:000244172100016 ER PT J AU Starbuck, MJ Tamay, J AF Starbuck, Michael J. Tamay, Juanito TI Monitoring vegetation change in Abu Dhabi Emirate from 1996 to 2000 and 2004 using Landsat satellite imagery SO ARAB GULF JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE vegetation monitoring; satellite imagery; Landsat; Abu Dhabi AB In the fall of 2001, a study was initiated to investigate vegetation changes in the Abu Dhabi Emirate. The vast majority of vegetation present in the region is irrigated, and an analysis of vegetation change will support groundwater investigations in the region by indicating areas of increased groundwater use. Satellite-based imaging systems provide a good source of data for such an analysis. The recent analysis was completed between February and November 2002 using Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper satellite imagery acquired in 1996 and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus imagery acquired in 2000. These assessments were augmented in 2004 with the study of Landsat 7 imagery acquired in early 2004. The total area of vegetation for each of seven study areas was calculated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) technique. Multi-band image classification was used to differentiate general vegetation types. Change analysis consisted of simple NDVI image differencing and post-classification change matrices. Measurements of total vegetation area for the Abu Dhabi Emirate indicate an increase from 77,200 hectares in 1996 to 162,700 hectares in 2000 (110% increase). Based on comparison with manual interpretation of satellite imagery, the amount of under-reporting of irrigated land is estimated at about 15 percent of the actual area. From the assessment of the 2004 Landsat imagery, it was found that the growth of irrigated vegetation in most areas of the Emirate had stabilized and had actually slightly decreased in some cases. The decreases are probably due to variability in the measurement technique and not due to actual decreases in area of vegetation. C1 [Starbuck, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Mid Continent Mapping Ctr, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Tamay, Juanito] Abu Dhabi Natl Drilling Co, Ground Water Res Program, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates. RP Starbuck, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mid Continent Mapping Ctr, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ARABIAN GULF UNIV PI MANAMA PA PO BOX 26460, MANAMA, 00000, BAHRAIN SN 1015-4442 J9 ARAB GULF J SCI RES JI Arab Gulf J. Sci. Res. PD MAR-JUN PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 80 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 242ZG UT WOS:000251764100011 ER PT J AU Kempenaers, B Lanctot, RB Gill, VA Hatch, SA Valcu, M AF Kempenaers, Bart Lanctot, Richard B. Gill, Verena A. Hatch, Scott A. Valcu, Mihai TI Do females trade copulations for food? An experimental study on kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE begging; feeding; frequent copulation; material benefit hypothesis; mating effort; sexual conflict ID BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; PATERNITY ASSURANCE; TERRITORIAL INTRUSIONS; EXTRAPAIR COPULATIONS; FREQUENT COPULATIONS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PANDION-HALIAETUS; MODEL SELECTION; STERNA-HIRUNDO; COMMON TERN AB Females of many species copulate more frequently than necessary to fertilize their eggs despite the potential costs. Several studies, particularly on socially monogamous birds, have suggested that females obtain immediate material benefits by trading copulations for nutrients or other resources. We experimentally tested this hypothesis by manipulating the food resources available to prelaying female black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla). If female kittiwakes trade copulations for courtship feeding because they need the extra resources, well-fed females (experimental group) should be less willing to copulate compared with females that are more food limited (control group). Contrary to our predictions, we found that close to the start of laying experimental females copulated more frequently with their mate than control females. We also observed that males from the experimental group fed their mate at least as often as males from the control group. In experimental pairs, we still observed a positive correlation between the rate of copulation and the rate of courtship feeding. Our results thus refute the immediate material benefits hypothesis. Currently available data are consistent with the hypothesis that prelaying courtship feeding is a form of mating effort. We suggest that the rate of courtship feeding might be a sexually selected trait, on which females base decisions about timing and frequency of copulations, but this remains to be tested. C1 Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Behav Ecol & Evolutionary Genet Grp, D-82305 Starnberg, Germany. US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Kempenaers, B (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Behav Ecol & Evolutionary Genet Grp, Postfach 1564, D-82305 Starnberg, Germany. EM b.kempenaers@orn.mpg.de RI Valcu, Mihai/B-6497-2014 NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 345 EP 353 DI 10.1093/beheco/arl090 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 142OA UT WOS:000244658100011 ER PT J AU Buij, R McShea, WJ Campbell, P Lee, ME Dallmeier, F Guimondou, S Mackaga, L Guisseougou, N Mboumba, S Hines, JE Nichols, JD Alonso, A AF Buij, Ralph McShea, William J. Campbell, Patrick Lee, Michelle E. Dallmeier, Francisco Guimondou, Sylvain Mackaga, Loic Guisseougou, Nicaise Mboumba, Serge Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. Alonso, Alfonso TI Patch-occupancy models indicate human activity as major determinant of forest elephant Loxodonta cyclotis seasonal distribution in an industrial corridor in Gabon SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE elephants; Loxodonta cyclotis; Gabon; rainforest; oil industry; patch-occupancy ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; ESTIMATING DECAY-RATES; NATIONAL-PARK; AFRICAN ELEPHANTS; RAIN-FOREST; POPULATION; ABUNDANCE; MAMMALS; DUNG; CALLS AB The importance of human activity and ecological features in influencing African forest elephant ranging behaviour was investigated in the Rabi-Ndogo corridor of the Gamba Complex of Protected Areas in southwest Gabon. Locations in a wide geographical area with a range of environmental variables were selected for patch-occupancy surveys using elephant dung to assess seasonal presence and absence of elephants. Patch-occupancy procedures allowed for covariate modelling evaluating hypotheses for both occupancy in relation to human activity and ecological features, and detection probability in relation to vegetation density. The best fitting models for old and fresh dung data sets indicate that (1) detection probability for elephant dung is negatively related to the relative density of the vegetation, and (2) human activity, such as presence and infrastructure, are more closely associated with elephant distribution patterns than are ecological features, such as the presence of wetlands and preferred fresh fruit. Our findings emphasize the sensitivity of elephants to human disturbance, in this case infrastructure development associated with gas and oil production. Patch-occupancy methodology offers a viable alternative to current transect protocols for monitoring programs with multiple covariates. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Monitoring & Assessment Biodivers Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Gabon Biodivers Program, Gamba, Gabon. Minist Waters & Forestry, Wildlife & Hunting Dept, Libreville, Gabon. SCD Operat Loango, Iguela, Gabon. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Buij, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM rbuij@yahoo.com; mcsheaw@si.edu RI Buij, Ralph/M-4669-2013 NR 37 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 135 IS 2 BP 189 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.10.028 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 154FP UT WOS:000245492600004 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Keeland, BD Allen, JA Ewel, KC Johnson, DJ AF Krauss, Ken W. Keeland, Bobby D. Allen, James A. Ewel, Katherine C. Johnson, Darren J. TI Effects of season, rainfall, and hydrogeomorphic setting on mangrove tree growth in Micronesia SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; Butaritari Atoll; coastal forests; dendrometry; ENSO; Kiribati; Kosrae; Pohnpei; rainfall dependence; Sonneratia alba ID COSTA-RICA; FORESTS; SWAMP; PERIODICITY; LOUISIANA; FLORIDA; RATES AB Seasonal patterns of tree growth are often related to rainfall, temperature, and relative moisture regimes. We asked whether diameter growth of mangrove trees in Micronesia, where seasonal changes are minimal, is continuous throughout a year or conforms to an annual cycle. We installed dendrometer bands on Sonneratia alba and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza trees growing naturally within mangrove swamps on the islands of Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Pohnpei, FSM, and Butaritari, Republic of Kiribati, in the eastern Caroline Islands of the western Pacific Ocean. Trees were remeasured monthly or quarterly for as long as 6 yr. Annual mean individual tree basal area increments ranged from 7.0 to 79.6 cm(2)/yr for all S. alba trees and from 4.8 to 27.4 cm(2)/yr for all B. gymnorrhiza trees from Micronesian high islands. Diameter increment for S. alba on Butaritari Atoll was lower at 7.8 cm(2)/yr for the one year measured. Growth rates differed significantly by hydrogeomorphic zone. Riverine and interior zones maintained up to seven times the annual diameter growth rate of fringe forests, though not on Pohnpei, where basal area increments for both S. alba and B. gymnorrhiza were approximately 1.5 times greater in the fringe zone than in the interior zone. Time-series modeling indicated that there were no consistent and statistically significant annual diameter growth patterns. Although rainfall has some seasonality in some years on Kosrae and Pohnpei and overall growth of mangroves was sometimes related positively to quarterly rainfall depths, seasonal diameter growth patterns were not distinctive. A reduced chance of moisture-related stress in high-rainfall, wetland environments may serve to buffer growth of Micronesian mangroves from climatic extremes. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. IAP World Serv Inc, USGS Natl Wetland Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 60 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM kkrauss@usgs.gov RI Allen, James/K-9141-2013 OI Allen, James/0000-0001-6459-5734 NR 39 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2 BP 161 EP 170 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00259.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 134QI UT WOS:000244098300002 ER PT J AU Bonaccorso, FJ Winkelmann, JR Shin, D Agrawal, CI Aslami, N Bonney, C Hsu, A Jekielek, PE Knox, AK Kopach, SJ Jennings, TD Lasky, JR Menesale, SA Richards, JH Rutland, JA Sessa, AK Zhaurova, L Kunz, TH AF Bonaccorso, Frank J. Winkelmann, John R. Shin, Danny Agrawal, Caroline I. Aslami, Nadia Bonney, Caitlin Hsu, Andrea Jekielek, Phoebe E. Knox, Allison K. Kopach, Stephen J. Jennings, Tara D. Lasky, Jesse R. Menesale, Sarah A. Richards, Jeannine H. Rutland, Jessica A. Sessa, Anna K. Zhaurova, Luba Kunz, Thomas H. TI Evidence for exploitative competition: Comparative foraging behavior and roosting ecology of short-tailed fruit bats (Phyllostomidae) SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE bats; Carollia castanea; Carollia perspicillata; core-use area; day-roost; Ecuador; home range; Piper hispidum; radio-telemetry; rain forest ID CAROLLIA-CASTANEA PHYLLOSTOMIDAE; CENTRAL AMAZONIA; FRUGIVOROUS BAT; HOME-RANGE; PERSPICILLATA; FOREST; PIPERACEAE; CHIROPTERA; BRAZIL AB Chestnut short-tailed bats, Carollia castanea, and Seba's short-tailed bats, C. perspicillata (Phyllostomidae), were radio-tracked (N = 1593 positions) in lowland rain forest at Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Orellana Province, Ecuador. For 11 C. castanea, mean home range was 6.8 +/- 2.2 ha, mean core-use area was 1.7 +/- 0.8 ha, and mean long axis across home range was 438 +/- 106 m. For three C. perspicillata, mean home range was 5.5 +/- 1.7 ha, mean core-use area was 1.3 +/- 0.6 ha, and mean long axis was 493 +/- 172 m. Groups of less than five C. castanea occupied day-roosts in earthen cavities that undercut banks the Tiputini River. Carollia perspicillata used tree hollows and buildings as day-roosts. Interspecific and intraspecific overlap among short-tailed bats occurred in core-use areas associated with clumps of fruiting Piper hispidum (peppers) and Cecropia sciadophylla. Piper hispidum seeds were present in 80 percent of the fecal samples from C. castanea and 56 percent of samples from C. perspicillata. Carollia perspicillata handled pepper fruits significantly faster than C. castanea; however, C. castanea commenced foraging before C. perspicillata emerged from day-roosts. Evidence for exploitative competition between C. castanea and C. perspicillata is suggested by our observations that 95 percent of ripe P. hispidum fruits available at sunset disappear before sunrise (N = 74 marked fruits). Piper hispidum plants produced zero to 12 ripe infructescences per plant each night during peak production. Few ripe infructescences of P. hispidum were available during the dry season; however, ripe infructescences of C. sciadophylla, remained abundant. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Ecol & Conservat Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Gettysburg Coll, Dept Biol, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. RP Bonaccorso, FJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 44,Hawaii Natl Pk, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. EM fbonaccorso@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00251.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 134QI UT WOS:000244098300014 ER PT J AU Foster, MS AF Foster, Mercedes S. TI The potential of fruit trees to enhance converted habitats for migrating birds in southern Mexico SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LOS-TUXTLAS; DISPERSAL; ANNONACEAE; FRUGIVORY; ABUNDANCE; BURSERA; YUCATAN AB Migration routes used by Nearctic migrant birds can cover great distances; they also differ among species, within species, and between years and seasons. As a result, migration routes for an entire migratory avifauna can encompass broad geographic areas, making it impossible to protect continuous stretches of habitat sufficient to connect the wintering and breeding grounds for most species. Consequently, ways to enhance habitats converted for human use (i.e. for pasture, crop cultivation, human settlement) as stopover sites for migrants are especially important. Shelterbelts around pastures and fields, if planted with species targeted to support migrant (and resident) bird species that naturally occupy mature forest habitats and that are at least partially frugivorous, could be a powerful enhancement tool for such species, if the birds will enter the converted areas to feed. I tested this approach for Nearctic migrant birds during the spring migration through an area in Chiapas, Mexico. Mature forest tree species whose fruits are eaten by birds were surveyed. Based on life form, crop size and fruit characteristics, I selected three tree species for study: Cymbopetalum mayanum (Annonaceae), Bursera simaruba (Burseraceae) and Trophis racemosa (Moraceae). I compared the use of fruits of these species by migrants and residents in forest with their use of the fruits of isolated individuals of the same species in pasture and cropland. All three plant species Were useful for enhancing converted habitats for forest-occupying spring migrants, although species differed in the degree to which they entered disturbed areas to feed on the fruits. These tree species could probably enhance habitats for migrants at sites throughout the natural geographic ranges of the plants; in other geographic areas for other target bird groups, other tree Species might be more appropriate. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Foster, MS (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM fosterm@si.edu NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0959-2709 EI 1474-0001 J9 BIRD CONSERV INT JI Bird Conserv. Int. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 45 EP 61 DI 10.1017/S0959270906000554 PG 17 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 158WI UT WOS:000245825500005 ER PT J AU Talbot, SS Thomson, JW Schofield, WB AF Talbot, Stephen S. Thomson, John W. Schofield, Wilfred B. TI Lichens from Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge and vicinity, east-central Alaska SO BRYOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Alaska; arctic-alpine; boreal forest; distribution; diversity; habitat; lichens ID SOUTHWESTERN ALASKA; SHUMAGIN ISLANDS; NORTH; CANADA; WILDERNESS; AMERICA AB The lichens of Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and adjacent lands were collected and recorded at sites selected to represent the range of environmental variation. One hundred ninety-two taxa of lichens are reported from an area where few previous collections have been recorded. Six species are new to Alaska-Aspicilia arctica, Caloplaca arenaria, C. xanthostigmoidea, Endocarpon pusillum, Ramalina intermedia and Rhizocarpon cinereovirens. To provide a comparative phytogeographic framework for Tedin NWR, we analyzed data from published reports and categorized lichen distribution patterns from a circumpolar perspective. Wide-ranging arctic-alpine and boreal species dominate the lichen flora, while amphi-Beringian species form a minor element. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Talbot, SS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM Stephen_Talbot@fws.gov; wilfs@interchange.ubc.ca NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER BRYOLOGICAL LICHENOLOGICAL SOCIETY INC PI OMAHA PA C/O DR ROBERT S EGAN, SEC.-TRES., ABLS, UNIV NEBRASKA OMAHA, DEPT BIOLOGY, OMAHA, NE 68182-0040 USA SN 0007-2745 J9 BRYOLOGIST JI Bryologist PD SPR PY 2007 VL 110 IS 1 BP 74 EP 91 DI 10.1639/0007-2745(2007)110[74:LFTNWR]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 151HU UT WOS:000245281900003 ER PT J AU Schuster, RL Highland, LM AF Schuster, Robert L. Highland, Lynn M. TI The third hans cloos lecture. Urban landslides: socioeconomic impacts and overview of mitigative strategies SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE urban areas; landslides; mitigative measures; grading codes; early warning; landslide insurance ID UNITED-STATES; EARTHQUAKE AB As a result of population pressures, hillsides in the world's urban areas are being developed at an accelerating rate. This development increases the risk for urban landslides triggered by rainfall or earthquake activity. To counter this risk, four approaches have been employed by landslide managers and urban planners: (1) restricting development in landslide-prone areas; (2) implementing and enforcing excavation, grading, and construction codes; (3) protecting existing developments by physical mitigation measures and (4) developing and installing monitoring and warning systems. Where they have been utilized, these approaches generally have been effective in reducing the risk due to landslide hazards. In addition to these practices, landslide insurance holds promise as a mitigative measure by reducing the financial impact of landslides on individual property owners. Until recently, however, such insurance has not been widely available and, where it is available, it is so expensive that it has been little used. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Schuster, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,Mail Stop 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rschuster@usgs.gov NR 103 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1435-9529 J9 B ENG GEOL ENVIRON JI Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 66 IS 1 BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.1007/s10064-006-0080-z PG 27 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 137LD UT WOS:000244293200001 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Clark, MP Hay, LE AF McCabe, Gregory J. Clark, Martyn P. Hay, Lauren E. TI Rain-on-snow events in the western United States SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE; STREAMFLOW; MODEL; VARIABILITY; FORECASTS; ASSIMILATION; RUNOFF; TRENDS; FLOOD AB Rain-on-snow events pose a significant flood hazard in the western United States. This study provides a description of the spatial and temporal variability of the frequency of rain-on-snow events for 4318.sites in the western United States during water years (October through September) 1949-2003. Rain-on-snow events are found to be most common during the months of October through May; however, at sites in the interior western United States, rain-on-snow events can occur in substantial numbers as late as June and as early as September. An examination of the temporal variability of October through May rain-on-snow events indicates a mixture of increasing and decreasing trends in rain-on-snow events across the western United States. Decreasing trends in rain-on-snow events are most pronounced at lower elevations and are associated with trends toward fewer snowfall days and fewer precipitation days with snow on the ground. Rain-on-snow events are more (less) frequent in the northwestern (southwestern) United States during La Nina (El Nino) conditions. Additionally, increases in temperature in the western United States appear to be contributing to decreases in the number of rain-on-snow events for many sites through effects on the number of days with snowfall and the number of days with snow on the ground. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Natl Inst Water & Atmosphere Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, 412, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM gmccabe@usgs.gov RI Clark, Martyn/A-5560-2015 OI Clark, Martyn/0000-0002-2186-2625 NR 27 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 88 IS 3 BP 319 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-3-319 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 156AR UT WOS:000245620700009 ER PT J AU Fierstein, J AF Fierstein, Judy TI Explosive eruptive record in the Katmai region, Alaska Peninsula: an overview SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Review DE ash layer; tephra; radiocarbon dates; Holocene eruptions; microprobe data; Katmai; Alaska ID NATIONAL-PARK; TEPHRA LAYERS; KAMCHATKA; RUSSIA AB At least 15 explosive eruptions from the Katmai cluster of volcanoes and another nine from other volcanoes on the Alaska Peninsula are preserved as tephra layers in syn- and post-glacial (Last Glacial Maximum) loess and soil sections in Katmai National Park, AK. About 400 tephra samples from 150 measured sections have been collected between Kaguyak volcano and Mount Martin and from Shelikof Strait to Bristol Bay (similar to 8,500 km(2)). Five tephra layers are distinctive and widespread enough to be used as marker horizons in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes area, and 140 radiocarbon dates on enclosing soils have established a time framework for entire soil-tephra sections to 10 ka; the white rhyolitic ash from the 1912 plinian eruption of Novarupta caps almost all sections. Stratigraphy, distribution and tephra characteristics have been combined with microprobe analyses of glass and Fe-Ti oxide minerals to correlate ash layers with their source vents. Microprobe analyses (typically 20-50 analyses per glass or oxide sample) commonly show oxide compositions to be more definitive than glass in distinguishing one tephra from another; oxides from the Kaguyak caldera-forming event are so compositionally coherent that they have been used as internal standards throughout this study. Other than the Novarupta and Trident eruptions of the last century, the youngest locally derived tephra is associated with emplacement of the Snowy Mountain summit dome (< 250 C-14 years B.P.). East Mageik has erupted most frequently during Holocene time with seven explosive events (9,400 to 2,400 C-14 years B.P.) preserved as tephra layers. Mount Martin erupted entirely during the Holocene, with lava coulees (> 6 ka), two tephras (similar to 3,700 and similar to 2,700 C-14 years B.P.), and a summit scoria cone with a crater still steaming today. Mount Katmai has three times produced very large explosive plinian to sub-plinian events (in 1912; 12-16 ka; and 23 ka) and many smaller pyroclastic deposits show that explosive activity has long been common there. Mount Griggs, fumarolically active and moderately productive during postglacial time (mostly andesitic lavas), has three nested summit craters, two of which are on top of a Holocene central cone. Only one ash has been found that is (tentatively) correlated with the most recent eruptive activity on Griggs (< 3,460 C-14 years B.P.). Eruptions from other volcanoes NE and SW beyond the Katmai cluster represented in this area include: (1) coignimbrite ash from Kaguyak's caldera-forming event (5,800 C-14 years B.P.); (2) the climactic event from Fisher caldera (similar to 9,100 C-14 years B.P.-tentatively correlated); (3) at least three eruptions most likely from Mount Peulik (similar to 700, similar to 7,700 and similar to 8,500 C-14 years B.P.); and (4) a phreatic fallout most likely from the Gas Rocks (similar to 2,300 C-14 years B.P.). Most of the radiocarbon dating has been done on loess, soil and peat enclosing this tephra. Ash correlations supported by stratigraphy and microprobe data are combined with radiocarbon dating to show that variably organics-bearing substrates can provide reliable limiting ages for ash layers, especially when data for several sites is available. C1 US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fierstein, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jfierstn@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 69 IS 5 BP 469 EP 509 DI 10.1007/s00445-006-0097-y PG 41 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 137OZ UT WOS:000244303200001 ER PT J AU Petersen, T McNutt, SR AF Petersen, Tanja McNutt, Stephen R. TI Seismo-acoustic signals associated with degassing explosions recorded at Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska, 2003-2004 SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Shishaldin; volcano seismology; long-period earthquakes; volcanic infrasound; seismo-acoustic signals; degassing ID STROMBOLI-VOLCANO; COSTA-RICA; INFRASONIC EVIDENCES; ARENAL VOLCANO; 1999 ERUPTION; MT. ETNA; DYNAMICS; TREMOR; EARTHQUAKES; PRECURSORS AB In summer 2003, a Chaparral Model 2 microphone was deployed at Shishaldin Volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. The pressure sensor was co-located with a short-period seismometer on the volcano's north flank at a distance of 6.62 km from the active summit vent. The seismo-acoustic data exhibit a correlation between impulsive acoustic signals (1-2 Pa) and long-period (LP, 1-2 Hz) earthquakes. Since it last erupted in 1999, Shishaldin has been characterized by sustained seismicity consisting of many hundreds to two thousand LP events per day. The activity is accompanied by up to similar to 200 m high discrete gas puffs exiting the small summit vent, but no significant eruptive activity has been confirmed. The acoustic waveforms possess similarity throughout the data set (July 2003-November 2004) indicating a repetitive source mechanism. The simplicity of the acoustic waveforms, the impulsive onsets with relatively short (similar to 10-20 s) gradually decaying codas and the waveform similarities suggest that the acoustic pulses are generated at the fluid-air interface within an open-vent system. SO2 measurements have revealed a low SO2 flux, suggesting a hydrothermal system with magmatic gases leaking through. This hypothesis is supported by the steady-state nature of Shishaldin's volcanic system since 1999. Time delays between the seismic LP and infrasound onsets were acquired from a representative day of seismo-acoustic data. A simple model was used to estimate source depths. The short seismo-acoustic delay times have revealed that the seismic and acoustic sources are co-located at a depth of 240 +/- 200 m below the crater rim. This shallow depth is confirmed by resonance of the upper portion of the open conduit, which produces standing waves with f=0.3 Hz in the acoustic waveform codas. The infrasound data has allowed us to relate Shishaldin's LP earthquakes to degassing explosions, created by gas volume ruptures from a fluid-air interface. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Petersen, T (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM tanja@giseis.alaska.edu NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 69 IS 5 BP 527 EP 536 DI 10.1007/s00445-006-0088-z PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 137OZ UT WOS:000244303200003 ER PT J AU Foott, JS Stone, R Nichols, K AF Foott, J. Scott Stone, R. Nichols, K. TI Proliferative kidney disease (Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae) in Merced River Hatchery juvenile Chinook salmon: Mortality and performance impairment in 2005 smolts SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM; RAINBOW-TROUT; GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; PKX ORGANISM; FISH HEALTH; LAKE TROUT; BRYOZOANS; TSHAWYTSCHA AB Merced River Hatchery (MRH)juvenile Chinook salmon, from tagged lots used in the 2005 Vernalis Adaptive Management Program (VAMP) study, were brought to the California-Nevada Fish Health Center wet lab 6 days prior to the first VAMP release and reared for 50 days at water temperatures similar to the San Joaquin River. At the time of transport, a fish health inspection showed that the population was generally healthy but had a low prevalence of an early stage infection by the myxosporean parasite, Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. This parasite has been detected in Merced River salmon for several decades and causes Proliferative Kidney Disease (PKD). The level of clinical PKD, as demonstrated by a combined kidney lesion and anemia score, markedly increased starting at 29 days post-transfer (dpt) from MRH. Severe disease occurred in the study population after the last VAMP coded wire tag fish was recovered in the Chipp's Island trawl on 27 May. A total of 76 study salmon died (27% cumulative mortality) due to PKD beginning at 36 dpt through the final sample at 50 dpt. Both dpt and disease state correlated with a decline in hematocrit and plasma magnesium as well as an elevation in circulating white blood cell number and plasma protein concentration. There was no observed PKD effect on time to exhaustion during a 120-min swim challenge until 50 dpt. Smolt development measurements indicated that the study fish were in an advanced stage of smoltification. Similar to swim performance, saltwater adaptation was not impaired until 50 dpt. Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae was observed in 40% (17 of 43) of the kidney imprints collected from VAMP tag salmon recovered in the Chipp's Island trawl. These results indicate that while T. bryosalmonae infection is prevalent in Merced River out-migrant salmon, it may not have a significant effect on VAMP recoveries. However, PKD could be a significant mortality factor for Merced River salmon smolts during their early seaward entry phase. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Calif Nevada Fish Hlth Ctr, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. RP Foott, JS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Calif Nevada Fish Hlth Ctr, 24411 Coleman Hatchery Rd, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. EM Scott_Foott@fws.gov NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 15 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SPR PY 2007 VL 93 IS 2 BP 57 EP 76 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 159QR UT WOS:000245881800001 ER PT J AU Saiki, MK Martin, B Knowles, GW Tennant, PW AF Saiki, Michael K. Martin, Barbaraa. Knowles, Glen W. Tennant, Patrick W. TI Life history and ecological characteristics of the Santa Ana sucker, Catostomus santaanae SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article AB This study was conducted to document the life history and ecological characteristics of the Santa Ana sucker, Catostomus santaanae, within its native range in southern California. Electrofishing surveys were conducted at 3-month intervals from December 1998 to December 1999 at one site on the San Gabriel River and two sites on the Santa Ana River. Suckers were captured in the San Gabriel River (average, 6.6 fish/10-minutes electrofishing) and at an upstream Santa Ana River site (average, 2.3 fish/10-minutes electrofishing) but not at a downstream Santa Ana River site. Length frequency distributions indicated that at least three year classes (modal groups) of suckers were present in the San Gabriel River, whereas one or two year classes were present in the Santa Ana River. Collection of 21-30 mm standard length (SL)juveniles in June in the Santa Ana River and in September in the San Gabriel River indicated that reproduction occurred over several months. In December, Age-0 suckers averaged 36-48 mm SL in the San Gabriel River and 63-65 mm SL in the Santa Ana River, whereas Age-1 suckers averaged 86 mm SL in the San Gabriel River and 115 mm SL in the Santa Ana River. On average, suckers were in better body condition in the San Gabriel River than in the Santa Ana River. Highest abundance of suckers was associated with relatively pristine environmental conditions (especially low specific conductance) where other native fishes were also common or abundant. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dixon Duty Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Off, Carlsbad, CA 92009 USA. Orange Cty Water Dist, Fountain Valley, CA 92728 USA. RP Saiki, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dixon Duty Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM michael_saiki@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 15 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SPR PY 2007 VL 93 IS 2 BP 87 EP 101 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 159QR UT WOS:000245881800003 ER PT J AU Das, AJ Battles, JJ Stephenson, NL van Mantgem, PJ AF Das, Adrian J. Battles, John J. Stephenson, Nathan L. van Mantgem, Phillip J. TI The relationship between tree growth patterns and likelihood of mortality: a study of two tree species in the Sierra Nevada SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BASAL AREA GROWTH; SHADE TOLERANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ROOT PATHOGENS; NORWAY SPRUCE; SUGAR MAPLE; FOREST; MODELS; DEATH; FIRE AB We examined mortality of Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. (white fir) and Pinus lambertiana Dougl. (sugar pine) by developing logistic models using three growth indices obtained from tree rings: average growth, growth trend, and count of abrupt growth declines. For P. lambertiana, models with average growth, growth trend, and count of abrupt declines improved overall prediction (78.6% dead trees correctly classified, 83.7% live trees correctly classified) compared with a model with average recent growth alone (69.6% dead trees correctly classified, 67.3% live trees correctly classified). For A. concolor, counts of abrupt declines and longer time intervals improved overall classification (trees with DBH >= 20 cm: 78.9% dead trees correctly classified and 76.7% live trees correctly classified vs. 64.9% dead trees correctly classified and 77.9% live trees correctly classified; trees with DBH <20 cm: 71.6% dead trees correctly classified and 71.0% live trees correctly classified vs. 67.2% dead trees correctly classified and 66.7% live trees correctly classified). In general, count of abrupt declines improved live-tree classification. External validation of A. concolor models showed that they functioned well at stands not used in model development, and the development of size-specific models demonstrated important differences in mortality risk between understory and canopy trees. Population-level mortality-risk models were developed for A. concolor and generated realistic mortality rates at two sites. Our results support the contention that a more comprehensive use of the growth record yields a more robust assessment of mortality risk. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Das, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM adas@nature.berkeley.edu RI Battles, John/G-8233-2012 OI Battles, John/0000-0001-7124-7893 NR 62 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 20 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 580 EP 597 DI 10.1139/X06-262 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 190TP UT WOS:000248083800007 ER PT J AU Forcey, GM Linz, GM Thogmartin, WE Bleier, WJ AF Forcey, G. M. Linz, G. M. Thogmartin, W. E. Bleier, W. J. TI Influence of land use and climate on wetland breeding birds in the Prairie Pothole region of Canada SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; HIERARCHICAL ANALYSIS; CERULEAN WARBLERS; HABITAT SELECTION; POPULATION-CHANGE; SPATIAL SCALE; ABUNDANCE; MODELS; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES AB Bird populations are influenced by a variety of factors at both small and large scales that range from the presence of suitable nesting habitat, predators, and food supplies to climate conditions and land-use patterns. We evaluated the influences of regional climate and land-use variables on wetland breeding birds in the Canada section of Bird Conservation Region 11 (CA-BCR11), the Prairie Potholes. We used bird abundance data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey, land-use data from the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration, and weather data from the National Climatic Data and Information Archive to model effects of regional environmental variables on bird abundance. Models were constructed a priori using information from published habitat associations in the literature, and fitting was performed with WinBUGS using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. Both land-use and climate variables contributed to predicting bird abundance in CA-BCR11, although climate predictors contributed the most to improving model fit. Examination of regional effects of climate and land use on wetland birds in CA-BCR11 revealed relationships with environmental covariates that are often overlooked by small-scale habitat studies. Results from these Studies can be used to improve conservation and management planning for regional populations of avifauna. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Forcey, GM (reprint author), Pandion Syst, 4603 NW 6th St, Gainesville, FL 32609 USA. EM research@gregforcey.com RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 62 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 21 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 85 IS 3 BP 421 EP 436 DI 10.1139/Z07-005 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 164VX UT WOS:000246264000015 ER PT J AU Chuiko, GM Tillitt, DE Zajicek, JL Flerov, BA Stepanova, VM Zhelnin, YY Podgornaya, VA AF Chuiko, Grigorii M. Tillitt, Donald E. Zajicek, James L. Flerov, Boris A. Stepanova, Vera M. Zhelnin, Yuri Y. Podgornaya, Vera A. TI Chemical contamination of the Rybinsk Reservoir, northwest Russia: Relationship between liver polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) content and health indicators in bream (Abramis brama) SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE PCBs; brain and liver cholinesterases; bream; fish health; morphometric indices; Rybinsk Reservoir; Russia ID FRESH-WATER FISH; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; ORGANOCHLORINE CHEMICALS; CONGENERS; RESIDUES; RIVER; NETHERLANDS; ORGANISMS; SEDIMENTS; EXPOSURE AB The Rybinsk Reservoir (Russia) is the largest artificial waterbody in Europe (4550 kin 2) and provides drinking water for population of the cities located along the coast line. industrialization in Cherepovets at the northeastern portion of the reservoir, including one of the largest metallurgical facilities in Europe, has resulted in chemical contamination of the reservoir. The extent of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) contamination in bream liver, a common fish species, taken from six locations in the Rybinsk Reservoir and Volga River, and biochemical and morphometric biomarkers of fish health were investigated. Liver PCB concentrations ranged from non-detected to 3.4 mu g/g wet wt of liver, with the greatest concentrations found in fish taken near the industrialized area in Sheksna Reach of Rybinsk Reservoir. The source of the bream contamination is the PCB pollution of bottom organisms and sediments conditioned with industrialization facilities of Cherepovets. The patterns of the PCB congeners in the livers of bream taken near Cherepovets were similar at all of the stations that were sampled around the reservoir and Volga River. Among the common fish health biomarkers used only liver total ChE activity and liver-somatic index in bream near Cherepovets can reflect environmental pollution. Other morphometric (FCF, Clark's condition factors, and spleen-somatic index) and biochemical (protein content and acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain) biomarkers related with fish health varied among locations, but were not correlated to the concentrations of PCBs in the bream livers. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol Inland Waters, Yaroslavl 152742, Russia. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Dept Interior, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Chuiko, GM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol Inland Waters, Main St 1, Yaroslavl 152742, Russia. EM gko@ibiw.yaroslavl.ru RI Podgornaya, Vera/S-6232-2016; Chuiko, Grigorii/P-8305-2015; OI Chuiko, Grigorii/0000-0002-3334-7073; Chuiko, Grigorii/0000-0001-7329-2188 NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2007 VL 67 IS 3 BP 527 EP 536 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.046 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 142BR UT WOS:000244624200015 PM 17097718 ER PT J AU Hayhoe, K Wake, CP Huntington, TG Luo, LF Schwartz, MD Sheffield, J Wood, E Anderson, B Bradbury, J DeGaetano, A Troy, TJ Wolfe, D AF Hayhoe, Katharine Wake, Cameron P. Huntington, Thomas G. Luo, Lifeng Schwartz, Mark D. Sheffield, Justin Wood, Eric Anderson, Bruce Bradbury, James DeGaetano, Art Troy, Tara J. Wolfe, David TI Past and future changes in climate and hydrological indicators in the US Northeast SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ENGLAND; DIVISION DATABASE; MODEL SIMULATION; RIVER-BASIN; NEW-YORK; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE AB To assess the influence of global climate change at the regional scale, we examine past and future changes in key climate, hydrological, and biophysical indicators across the US Northeast (NE). We first consider the extent to which simulations of twentieth century climate from nine atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) are able to reproduce observed changes in these indicators. We then evaluate projected future trends in primary climate characteristics and indicators of change, including seasonal temperatures, rainfall and drought, snow cover, soil moisture, streamflow, and changes in biometeorological indicators that depend on threshold or accumulated temperatures such as growing season, frost days, and Spring Indices (SI). Changes in indicators for which temperature-related signals have already been observed (seasonal warming patterns, advances in high-spring streamflow, decreases in snow depth, extended growing seasons, earlier bloom dates) are generally reproduced by past model simulations and are projected to continue in the future. Other indicators for which trends have not yet been observed also show projected future changes consistent with a warmer climate (shrinking snow cover, more frequent droughts, and extended low-flow periods in summer). The magnitude of temperature-driven trends in the future are generally projected to be higher under the Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) mid-high (A2) and higher (A1FI) emissions scenarios than under the lower (B1) scenario. These results provide confidence regarding the direction of many regional climate trends, and highlight the fundamental role of future emissions in determining the potential magnitude of changes we can expect over the coming century. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Eart Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Geol Survey, Augusta, GA USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Climate Syst Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, NE Reg Climate Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hayhoe, K (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM katharine.hayhoe@ttu.edu RI Sheffield, Justin/A-6388-2008; Luo, Lifeng/C-8734-2009; Wake, Cameron/G-8114-2014; OI Troy, Tara/0000-0001-5366-0633; Wake, Cameron/0000-0002-5961-5902; Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530; Sheffield, Justin/0000-0003-2400-0630 NR 88 TC 348 Z9 355 U1 11 U2 119 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 4 BP 381 EP 407 DI 10.1007/s00382-006-0187-8 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 126ZV UT WOS:000243555200004 ER PT J AU Kotliar, NB Kennedy, PL Ferree, K AF Kotliar, Natasha B. Kennedy, Patricia L. Ferree, Kimberly TI Avifaunal responses to fire in southwestern montane forests along a burn severity gradient SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE after-only; before-after comparisons; bird communities; breeding densities; Cerro Grande; New Mexico; USA; distance sampling; fire effects; gradient analysis; historical data ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT ASSESSMENT; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; VALDEZ-OIL-SPILL; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; UNITED-STATES; WESTERN USA; ECOSYSTEMS; PSEUDOREPLICATION; VARIABILITY AB The effects of burn severity on avian communities are poorly understood, yet this information is crucial to. re management programs. To quantify avian response patterns along a burn severity gradient, we sampled 49 random plots ( 2001 - 2002) at the 17351- ha Cerro Grande Fire ( 2000) in New Mexico, USA. Additionally, pre-. re avian surveys ( 1986 1988, 1990) created a unique opportunity to quantify avifaunal changes in 13 pre-. re transects ( resampled in 2002) and to compare two designs for analyzing the effects of unplanned disturbances: after- only analysis and before - after comparisons. Distance analysis was used to calculate densities. We analyzed after- only densities for 21 species using gradient analysis, which detected a broad range of responses to increasing burn severity: (I) large significant declines, (II) weak, but signi. cant declines, (III) no signi. cant density changes, (IV) peak densities in low- or moderate- severity patches, (V) weak, but signi. cant increases, and (VI) large signi. cant increases. Overall, 71% of the species included in the after- only gradient analysis exhibited either positive or neutral density responses to. re effects across all or portions of the severity gradient ( responses III - VI). We used pre/ post pairs analysis to quantify density changes for 15 species using before - after comparisons; spatiotemporal variation in densities was large and confounded. re effects for most species. Only four species demonstrated signi. cant effects of burn severity, and their densities were all higher in burned compared to unburned forests. Pre- and post-. re community similarity was high except in high- severity areas. Species richness was similar pre- and post-. re across all burn severities. Thus, ecosystem restoration programs based on the assumption that recent severe. res in Southwestern ponderosa pine forests have overriding negative ecological effects are not supported by our study of post-. re avian communities. This study illustrates the importance of quantifying burn severity and controlling confounding sources of spatiotemporal variation in studies of. re effects. After- only gradient analysis can be an efficient tool for quantifying. re effects. This analysis can also augment historical data sets that have small samples sizes coupled with high non- process variation, which limits the power of before - after comparisons. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Union, OR 97883 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Union, OR 97883 USA. RP Kotliar, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2150 Cent Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM kotliart@usgs.gov RI Kennedy, Patricia/I-4902-2015 OI Kennedy, Patricia/0000-0002-2090-1821 NR 69 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 29 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 491 EP 507 DI 10.1890/06-0253 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157TP UT WOS:000245744200017 PM 17489255 ER PT J AU Aldridge, CL Boyce, MS AF Aldridge, Cameron L. Boyce, Mark S. TI Linking occurrence and fitness to persistence: Habitat-based approach for endangered Greater Sage-Grouse SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE Alberta; Canada; Centrocercus urophasianus; Cox proportional hazard; fitness; Greater Sage-Grouse; habitat; logistic regression; occurrence; persistence; population viability; sagebrush ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; SOUTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; USE-AVAILABILITY DATA; SHARP-TAILED GROUSE; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ECOLOGICAL TRAPS; REGRESSION-MODEL; GAS DEVELOPMENT AB Detailed empirical models predicting both species occurrence and fitness across a landscape are necessary to understand processes related to population persistence. Failure to consider both occurrence and fitness may result in incorrect assessments of habitat importance leading to inappropriate management strategies. We took a two-stage approach to identifying critical nesting and brood-rearing habitat for the endangered Greater Sage-Grouse ( Centrocercus urophasianus) in Alberta at a landscape scale. First, we used logistic regression to develop spatial models predicting the relative probability of use ( occurrence) for Sage-Grouse nests and broods. Secondly, we used Cox proportional hazards survival models to identify the most risky habitats across the landscape. We combined these two approaches to identify Sage- Grouse habitats that pose minimal risk of failure ( source habitats) and attractive sink habitats that pose increased risk ( ecological traps). Our models showed that Sage- Grouse select for heterogeneous patches of moderate sagebrush cover ( quadratic relationship) and avoid anthropogenic edge habitat for nesting. Nests were more successful in heterogeneous habitats, but nest success was independent of anthropogenic features. Similarly, broods selected heterogeneous high- productivity habitats with sagebrush while avoiding human developments, cultivated cropland, and high densities of oil wells. Chick mortalities tended to occur in proximity to oil and gas developments and along riparian habitats. For nests and broods, respectively, approximately 10% and 5% of the study area was considered source habitat, whereas 19% and 15% of habitat was attractive sink habitat. Limited source habitats appear to be the main reason for poor nest success ( 39%) and low chick survival ( 12%). Our habitat models identify areas of protection priority and areas that require immediate management attention to enhance recruitment to secure the viability of this population. This novel approach to habitat- based population viability modeling has merit for many species of concern. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Aldridge, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM cameron_aldridge@usgs.gov RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011; Boyce, Mark/A-2620-2014 OI Boyce, Mark/0000-0001-5811-325X NR 101 TC 128 Z9 132 U1 12 U2 101 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 508 EP 526 DI 10.1890/05-1871 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157TP UT WOS:000245744200018 PM 17489256 ER PT J AU Voldseth, RA Johnson, WC Gilmanov, T Guntenspergen, GR Millett, BV AF Voldseth, Richard A. Johnson, W. Carter Gilmanov, Tagir Guntenspergen, Glenn R. Millett, Bruce V. TI Model estimation of land-use effects on water levels of northern prairie wetlands SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE grassland management; grazing; landscape condition; land use; Prairie Pothole Region; prairie wetland; waterfowl management; wetland ecology; wetland hydrology; wetland modeling; wetland water budget; wetland water level ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PATCH SIZE; LANDSCAPE; AREA; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION; CATCHMENTS; HYDROLOGY; DYNAMICS; HABITAT AB Wetlands of the Prairie Pothole Region exist in a matrix of grassland dominated by intensive pastoral and cultivation agriculture. Recent conservation management has emphasized the conversion of cultivated farmland and degraded pastures to intact grassland to improve upland nesting habitat. The consequences of changes in land- use cover that alter watershed processes have not been evaluated relative to their effect on the water budgets and vegetation dynamics of associated wetlands. We simulated the effect of upland agricultural practices on the water budget and vegetation of a semipermanent prairie wetland by modifying a previously published mathematical model ( WETSIM). Watershed cover/ land-use practices were categorized as unmanaged grassland ( native grass, smooth brome), managed grassland ( moderately heavily grazed, prescribed burned), cultivated crops ( row crop, small grain), and alfalfa hayland. Model simulations showed that differing rates of evapotranspiration and runoff associated with different upland plant- cover categories in the surrounding catchment produced differences in wetland water budgets and linked ecological dynamics. Wetland water levels were highest and vegetation the most dynamic under the managed- grassland simulations, while water levels were the lowest and vegetation the least dynamic under the unmanaged- grassland simulations. The modeling results suggest that unmanaged grassland, often planted for waterfowl nesting, may produce the least favorable wetland conditions for birds, especially in drier regions of the Prairie Pothole Region. These results stand as hypotheses that urgently need to be verified with empirical data. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Hort Forestry Landscape & Pk, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Geog, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Voldseth, RA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Hort Forestry Landscape & Pk, NPBL 201A,Box 2140A, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM richard.voldseth@sdstate.edu NR 60 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 31 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 527 EP 540 DI 10.1890/05-1195 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157TP UT WOS:000245744200019 PM 17489257 ER PT J AU Nussear, KE Tracy, CR AF Nussear, Kenneth E. Tracy, C. Richard TI Can modeling improve estimation of desert tortoise population densities? SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE activity modeling; detectability; distance sampling; Gopherus agassizii; monitoring; neural network modeling; power analysis ID DETECTING TRENDS; AERIAL COUNTS; POWER; ABUNDANCE; FIELD; TEMPERATURE; KANGAROOS; DROUGHT; TIME AB The federally listed desert tortoise ( Gopherus agassizii) is currently monitored using distance sampling to estimate population densities. Distance sampling, as with many other techniques for estimating population density, assumes that it is possible to quantify the proportion of animals available to be counted in any census. Because desert tortoises spend much of their life in burrows, and the proportion of tortoises in burrows at any time can be extremely variable, this assumption is difficult to meet. This proportion of animals available to be counted is used as a correction factor ( g(0)) in distance sampling and has been estimated from daily censuses of small populations of tortoises ( 6 - 12 individuals). These censuses are costly and produce imprecise estimates of g(0) due to small sample sizes. We used data on tortoise activity from a large ( N 150) experimental population to model activity as a function of the biophysical attributes of the environment, but these models did not improve the precision of estimates from the focal populations. Thus, to evaluate how much of the variance in tortoise activity is apparently not predictable, we assessed whether activity on any particular day can predict activity on subsequent days with essentially identical environmental conditions. Tortoise activity was only weakly correlated on consecutive days, indicating that behavior was not repeatable or consistent among days with similar physical environments. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Nussear, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM knussear@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 579 EP 586 DI 10.1890/05-1970 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157TP UT WOS:000245744200023 PM 17489261 ER PT J AU Ellison, LE O'Shea, TJ Neubaum, DJ Bowen, RA AF Ellison, Laura E. O'Shea, Thomas J. Neubaum, Daniel J. Bowen, Richard A. TI Factors influencing movement probabilities of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in buildings SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE big brown bats; ectoparasites; Eptesicus fuscus; movements; multi-strata models; PIT tags; Program MARK; Steatonyssus occidentalis; survival; temperature ID MARKED ANIMALS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; ROOSTING BEHAVIOR; ROCK CREVICES; SITE FIDELITY; PALLID BATS; SURVIVAL; SELECTION; RABIES; MODEL AB We investigated movements of female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) roosting in maternity colonies in buildings in Fort Collins, Colorado (USA), during the summers of 2002, 2003, and 2005. This behavior can be of public health concern where bats that may carry diseases (e.g., rabies) move among buildings occupied by people. We used passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) to mark individual bats and hoop PIT readers at emergence points to passively monitor the use of building roosts by marked adult females on a daily basis during the lactation phase of reproduction. Multi-strata models were used to examine movements among roosts in relation to ambient temperatures and ectoparasite loads. Our results suggest that high ambient temperatures influence movements. Numbers of mites (Steatonyssus occidentalis) did not appear to in. uence movements of female bats among building roosts. In an urban landscape, periods with unusually hot conditions are accompanied by shifting of bats to different buildings or segments of buildings, and this behavior may increase the potential for contact with people in settings where, in comparison to their more regularly used buildings, the bats may be more likely to be of public concern as nuisances or health risks. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Ellison, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM laura_ellison@usgs.edu NR 32 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 7 U2 29 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 620 EP 627 DI 10.1890/06-0315 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157TP UT WOS:000245744200027 PM 17489265 ER PT J AU Barrett, MA Stiling, P AF Barrett, Mark A. Stiling, Peter TI Relationships among Key deer, insect herbivores, and plant quality SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE deer herbivory; deer-insect interactions; induced defenses; nitrogen; plant chemistry; tannins ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; HOST-PLANT; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; COMMUNITY; INVERTEBRATES; IMPACTS; HETEROGENEITY; NUTRIENTS; DENSITY AB Deer can have severe effects on plant communities, which in turn can affect insect communities. We studied the effects of Key deer herbivory on the incidence of insect herbivores that occur within deer habitats in the lower Florida Keys, within the National Key Deer Refuge (NKDR). We analyzed plant chemistry (tannins, nitrogen) and surveyed for the occurrence of insects (above the browse tier) among plant species that were either deer-preferred or less-preferred. Results indicated higher levels of foliar tannins on islands with fewer Key deer and larger amounts of foliar nitrogen on islands with a high density of Key deer. Consequently, leaf miners were significantly more abundant on islands with high deer density, irrespective of deer-preference of plant species. On islands with a high deer density, incidence of leaves damaged by chewing insects was lower on preferred plant species but greater on less-preferred species than on islands with fewer deer. No apparent patterns were evident in the distribution of leaf gallers among plant species or islands with different deer density. Our results imply that plant nutrition levels-either preexisting or indirectly affected by deer deposition-are more important than plant defenses in determining the distribution of insect herbivores in the NKDR. Although high densities of the endangered Key deer have negative effects on some plant species in the NKDR, it seems Key deer might have an indirect positive influence on insect incidence primarily above the browse tier. Further research is warranted to enable fuller understanding of the interactions between Key deer and the insect community. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Barrett, MA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arthur R Marshall Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refug, 10216 Lee Rd, Boynton Beach, FL 33437 USA. EM mark_barrett@fws.gov NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 0912-3814 J9 ECOL RES JI Ecol. Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 268 EP 273 DI 10.1007/s11284-006-0021-0 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 140DI UT WOS:000244483400013 ER PT J AU Vikref, PG AF Vikref, Peter G. TI Sinter-vein correlations at Buckskin Mountain, National District, Humboldt County, Nevada SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GOLD-SILVER DEPOSIT; STABLE-ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; HOT-SPRINGS; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; NORTHWESTERN NEVADA; SLEEPER DEPOSIT; PHASE-RELATIONS; VOLCANISM; GEOLOGY; SILICA AB At Buckskin Mountain (elev 2,650 m, 8,743 ft), Humboldt County, Nevada, a hydrothermal system, imposed on a middle Miocene volcanic sequence with contrasting permeabilities and tensile strengths, produced alteration assemblages controlled by elevation, from Hg-mineralized sinter to subjacent precious metal veins over a vertical distance exceeding 790 in. Sinter and epiclastic deposits, interpreted to be renmant paleosurface basinal strata enclosed by 16.6 to 16.1 Ma rhyolites, overlie older volcaniclastic basinal deposits and were part of a regional fluvial-lacustrine system developed among ca. 16 to 12 Ma basalt-rhyolite eruptive centers throughout the northern Great Basin. Because of contrasting erosional resistance among altered and unaltered rocks, Buckskin Mountain represents inverse topography with sinter and silicified epiclastic deposits at the summit. Sinter and veins, correlated by common elements, similar mineralogy, age constraints, textures, S isotope compositions, and fluid inclusion microthermometry, were deposited by sinter-vein fluid, the first of two sequential hydrothermal fluid regimes that evolved in response to magmatism, tectonism, hydrology, and topography. Thermal quenching of distally derived sinter-vein fluid in planar conduits caused deposition of handed quartz-silicate-selenide-sulfide veins similar to 270 to > 440 m below sinter at 16.1 Ma; veins were initially enveloped by zoned selvages of proximal K-feldspar + K-mica + quartz + pyrite and distal illite + chlorite + calcite + pyrite. Mixing of sinter-vein fluid with local meteoric water in saturated basinal deposits caused deposition of silica, Hg-Se-S-Cl minerals, and precious metals in sinter and epiclastic deposits. Elevated Sigma(Se)/Sigma(S) in sinter-vein fluid, and the relatively large stability fields of reduced aqueous selenide species in the temperature range of 250 degrees to < 100 degrees C, enabled (but was not the cause of) codeposition of selenide-sulfide minerals and common element associations in veins and sinter. Acid-sulfate fluid of the second fluid regime was derived from oxidation of H2S and other volatiles exsolvedfrom sinter-vein fluid. Acid-sulfate fluid produced (1) a subhorizontal zone of partially leached basinal deposits and rhyolite from the paleosurface to a depth of similar to 60 m, and (2) laterally pervasive zones, similar to 100 to 200 m thick, of quartz + alunite +/- hematite and quartz + kaolinite + pyrite in volcaniclastic deposits immediately beneath partially leached rocks, but this fluid did not decompose selenide-sulfide-precious metal phases in sinter. Paragenetically late vein and wall-rock assemblages, including marcasite + pyrite, calcite, and kaolinite-replaced K minerals, record deeper transition of sinter-vein fluid into acid-sulfate fluid in vein conduits. This transition occurred as regional subsidence, manifested by the Goosey Lake depression immediately east of Buckskin Mountain, lowered the pieziometric surface at Buckskin Mountain, terminated sinter deposition, and caused boiling and/or degassing of sinter-vein fluid. The timing of subsidence is recorded by a decrease in alunite ages, from ca. 15.8 to 15.6 Ma, with depth below sinter. Lateral replacement of sinter and partially leached epiclastic deposits and rhyolite by opal-A marks the termination of the two hydrothermal regimes that lasted similar to 0.5 m.y. and followed rhyolitic volcanism of similar duration. Veins and sinter display textures that attest to plastic deformation, spalling, and gravitational settling, and indicate fluid-flow direction, velocity and density stratification which, with conduit topology, may have influenced precious metal tenor in the veins. Components of sinter and veins were transported as colloids, formed in supersaturated sinter-vein fluid, that aggregated or coagulated as incompetent gelatinous layers in shallow pools and in underlying, near-vertical conduits in rhyolite and initially crystallized as opal and chalcedony. The low thermal conductivity of homogeneous, structurally isotropic, and relatively impermeable rhyolite, and limited hydraulic permeability of altered overlying volcaniclastic deposits, insulated conduits and maintained increinents of sinter-vein fluid in a nearly isothermal environment (250 degrees +/- 20 degrees C) over vertical distances of hundreds of meters. The rhythmic layering of sinter beds and vein bands reflects (1) flow impedance by silicification of volcaniclastic deposits at the tops of conduits and by coagulation of semisolid silica gel in vents and subsinter channels, and (2) flow restoration by over-pressured fluid that ruptured silica gel, clearing conduit blockages and creating new fluid pathways. These pressure cycles enabled sinter-vein fluid to rapidly fill conduits, supersaturate, nucleate colloids, and be flushed upward from conduits into shallow paleosurface depressions, leading to simultaneous deposition of paired vein bands and sinter beds in overlying pools. These cycles also minimized fluid boiling and degassing during sinter-vein deposition. Miocene hydrodynamics at Buckskin Mountain imply stable topographic recharge systems of several hundred thousand years duration throughout the northern Great Basin from ca. 16 to 12 Ma when basalt-rhyolite volcanism and numerous Se-rich, precious metal hydrothermal systems were active. Hydrothermal fluids that contain elevated Sigma(Se)/Sigma(S) may deposit Hg selenide-sulfide minerals and precious metals that can be detected by close examination of near-surface alteration assemblages and sinter, providing guides to subjacent precious metal veins. Topographic effects on hydrologic discharge and recharge, hydraulic conductivity and structural contrasts within the stratigraphic section, and temperature gradient and amplitude imposed by magina, were the main controls of the morphology of the Buckskin Mountain system and ultimately determined the existence of sinter and veins and degree of metal concentration in other middle Miocene hydrothermal systems. C1 Univ Nevada, Mackay Sch Earth Sci & Engn, US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Vikref, PG (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Mackay Sch Earth Sci & Engn, US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 176, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM pvikre@usgs.gov NR 76 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 102 IS 2 BP 193 EP 224 DI 10.2113/gsecongeo.102.2.193 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 184NN UT WOS:000247648800002 ER PT J AU Klein, TL Cunningham, CG Logan, MAV Seal, RR AF Klein, Terby L. Cunningham, Charles G. Logan, M. A. V. Seal, Robert R., II TI The Russell gold deposit, Carolina slate belt, North Carolina SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; MINERALIZATION; MINERALS; TERRANE; PIEDMONT; AGES AB Gold deposits have been mined in the Carolina slate belt from the early 1800s to recent times, with most of the production from large mines in South Carolina. The Russell mine, one of the larger producers in North Carolina, is located in the central Uwharrie Mountains, and produced over 470 kg of gold. Ore grades averaged about 3.4 grams per tonne (g/t), with higher-grade zones reported. The Russell deposit is interpreted to be a sediment-hosted, gold-rich, base-metal poor, volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit in which gold was remobilized, in part, during Ordovician metamorphism. The ore was deposited syngenetically with laminated silt-stones of the late Proterozoic Tillery Formation that have been metamorphosed to a lower greenschist facies. The Tillery Formation regionally overlies subaerial to shallow marine rhyolitic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Uwharrie Formation and underlies the marine volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Cid Formation. Recent mapping has shown that a rhyolitic dome near the Russell mine was extruded during the deposition of the lower part of the Tillery Formation, at about the same time as ore deposition. Relict mafic rock fragments present in the ore zones suggest contemporaneous bimodal (rhyolite-basalt) volcanism. The maximum formation age of the Russell deposit is younger than 558 Ma, which is similar to that of the larger, well known Brewer, Haile, and Ridgeway deposits of South Carolina. Gold was mined from at least six zones that are parallel to the regional metamorphic foliation. These strongly deformed zones consist of northeast-trending folds, high-angle reverse faults, and asymmetric doubly plunging folds overturned to the southeast. The dominant structure at the mine is air asymmetric doubly plugging anticline with the axis trending N 45 degrees E, probably related to late Ordovician (456 +/- 2 Ma) regional metamorphism and deformation. Two stages of pyrite growth are recognized. Stage 1, primary, spongy pyrite, is present in thin massive sulfide layers parallel to bedding and intergrown with pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and sparse arsenopyrite. Stage 2, secondary pyrite, is present as euhedral, idiomorphic rims on spongy pyrite and as veinlets that parallel the regional foliation. Stage I pyrite was deposited syngenetically or diagenetically during or soon after sedimentation. Stage 2 pyrite overgrowths and veins resulted from recrystallization or remobilization of stage I pyrite, probably during deformation related to Ordovician regional metamorphism. It is proposed that the spongy texture of the stage I pyrite represents nucleation and growth of pyrite on organic matter, possibly of bacterial origin. Other textures, such as geometric voids in spongy pyrite, As-rich zones surrounding central voids, 60-(mu m) ring structures composed of spongy pyrite, and layers of spongy pyrite interlayered with bedding laminations, also appear to indicate replacement of organic matter by pyrite. Stage 1 pyrite contains up to 0.06 wt percent gold. The delta S-34 values of pyrite in and near pyritic ore (3.5-4.5 parts per thousand), in the rhyolite dome (5.1-5.4 parts per thousand) and in the Tillery Formation (5.9-6.2 parts per thousand) are interpreted to reflect mixing of sulfur derived from igneous and seawater sources. Whole-rock delta O-18 values of nearby unaltered mudstone are about 1.1 per mil whereas those from altered mudstone at the deposit are 7.4 to 10.6 per inil. The lower 6110 values are interpreted to indicate possible high-temperature exchange between relatively low delta O-18 hydrothermal fluids and the wall rocks. Gold, As, K, and Mo are enriched relative to the regional background in both the ore zones and in pyrite veins and disseminations in the nearby rhyolite dome, suggesting a possible genetic link between the rhyolitic volcanism and the gold mineralization. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Klein, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM tklein@usgs.gov NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 102 IS 2 BP 239 EP 256 DI 10.2113/gsecongeo.102.2.239 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 184NN UT WOS:000247648800004 ER PT J AU Dunham, JB Rosenberger, AE Luce, CH Rieman, BE AF Dunham, Jason B. Rosenberger, Amanda E. Luce, Charlie H. Rieman, Bruce E. TI Influences of wildfire and channel reorganization on spatial and temporal variation in stream temperature and the distribution of fish and amphibians SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE stream temperature; stream heating; solar radiation; stream shading; wildfire; debris flows; disturbance; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Ascaphus montanus ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RAINBOW-TROUT; REDBAND TROUT; WESTERN USA; DEBRIS FLOW; CLEAR-CUT AB Wildfire can influence a variety of stream ecosystem properties. We studied stream temperatures in relation to wildfire in small streams in the Boise River Basin, located in central Idaho, USA. To examine the spatio-temporal aspects of temperature in relation to wildfire, we employed three approaches: a pre-post fire comparison of temperatures between two sites (one from a burned stream and one unburned) over 13 years, a short-term (3 year) pre-post fire comparison of a burned and unburned stream with spatially extensive data, and a short-term (1 year) comparative study of spatial variability in temperatures using a "space for time" substitutive design across 90 sites in nine streams (retrospective comparative study). The latter design included streams with a history of stand-replacing wildfire and streams with severe post-fire reorganization of channels due to debris flows and flooding. Results from these three studies indicated that summer maximum water temperatures can remain significantly elevated for at least a decade following wildfire, particularly in streams with severe channel reorganization. In the retrospective comparative study we investigated occurrence of native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and tailed frog larvae (Ascaphus montanus) in relation to maximum stream temperatures during summer. Both occurred in nearly every site sampled, but tailed frog larvae were found in much warmer water than previously reported in the field (26.6 degrees C maximum summer temperature). Our results show that physical stream habitats can remain altered (for example, increased temperature) for many years following wildfire, but that native aquatic vertebrates can be resilient. In a management context, this suggests wildfire may be less of a threat to native species than human influences that alter the capacity of stream-living vertebrates to persist in the face of natural disturbance. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Univ Idaho, Idaho Water Ctr, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Dept Civil Engn,Coll Engn, Boise, ID 83712 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dunham, JB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, 316 E Myrtle St, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM jdunham@usgs.gov RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662 NR 55 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 BP 335 EP 346 DI 10.1007/s10021-007-9029-8 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 191ML UT WOS:000248135200012 ER PT J AU Wildeman, TR Smith, KS Ranville, JE AF Wildeman, Thomas R. Smith, Kathleen S. Ranville, James E. TI A simple scheme to determine potential aquatic metal toxicity from mining wastes SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Forensics Held at the International Pacifichem 2005 Conference CY DEC 15-20, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI DE metal contaminants; leaching tests; metal bioavailability; aquatic chemistry ID MODEL AB A decision tree (mining waste decision tree) that uses simple physical and chemical tests has been developed to determine whether effluent from mine waste material poses a potential toxicity threat to the aquatic environment. For the chemical portion of the tree, leaching tests developed by the United States Geological Survey, the Colorado Division of Minerals and Geology (Denver, CO), and a modified 1311 toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test of the United States Environmental Protection Agency have been extensively used as a surrogate for readily available metals that can be released into the environment from mining wastes. To assist in the assessment, element concentration pattern graphs (ECPG) are produced that compare concentrations of selected groups of elements from the three leachates and any water associated with the mining waste. The MWDT makes a distinction between leachates or waters with pH less than or greater than 5. Generally, when the pH values are below 5, the ECPG of the solutions are quite similar, and potential aquatic toxicity from cationic metals, such as Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Al, is assumed. Below pH 5, these metals are mostly dissolved, generally are not complexed with organic or inorganic ligands, and hence are more bioavailable. Furthermore, there is virtually no carbonate alkalinity at pH less than 5. All of these factors promote metal toxicity to aquatic organisms. On the other hand, when the pH value of the water or the leachates is above 5, the ECPG from the solutions are variable, and inferred aquatic toxicity depends on factors in addition to the metals released from the leaching tests. Hence, leachates and waters with pH above 5 warrant further examination of their chemical composition. Physical ranking criteria provide additional information, particularly in areas where waste piles exhibit similar chemical rankings. Rankings from physical and chemical criteria generally are not correlated. Examples of how this decision tree has been applied in assessing mine sites are discussed. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wildeman, TR (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM twildema@mines.edu RI Ranville, James/H-1428-2011; OI ranville, james/0000-0002-4347-4885 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PD MAR-JUN PY 2007 VL 8 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1080/15275920601180651 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 152JJ UT WOS:000245358000011 ER PT J AU Rostad, CE Hostettler, FD AF Rostad, Colleen E. Hostettler, Frances D. TI Profiling refined hydrocarbon fuels using polar components SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Forensics Held at the International Pacifichem 2005 Conference CY DEC 15-20, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI DE hydrocarbon fuels; electrospray ionization; mass spectrometry; forensic identification; acidic compounds ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION/MASS SPECTROMETRY; NAPHTHENIC ACIDS; NSO COMPOUNDS; CRUDE-OIL; ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY; HEAVY PETROLEUM; DIESEL FUEL; FULVIC-ACID; IDENTIFICATION AB Identification of a fuel released into the environment can be difficult due to biodegradation or weathering. Negative electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry was used to screen for unique polar components in a wide variety of commercial hydrocarbon products and mixtures. These fuels produced unique and relatively simple spectra. When applied to hydrocarbon samples from a large, long-term fuel spill in a relatively cool climate in which the alkane, isoprenoid, and alkylcyclohexane portions bad begun to biodegrade or weather, the polar components in these samples had changed little over time. This technique provided rapid fuel identification on hydrocarbons released into the environment, without sample preparation, fractionation, or chromatography. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rostad, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 408,Bldg 95,Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM cerostad@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PD MAR-JUN PY 2007 VL 8 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1080/15275920601180677 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 152JJ UT WOS:000245358000012 ER PT J AU Hostettler, FD Wang, Y Huang, YS Cao, WH Bekins, BA Rostad, CE Kulpa, CF Laursen, A AF Hostettler, Frances D. Wang, Yi Huang, Yongsong Cao, Weihuan Bekins, Barbara A. Rostad, Colleen E. Kulpa, Charles F. Laursen, Andrew TI Forensic fingerprinting of oil-spill hydrocarbons in a methanogenic environment - Mandan, ND and Bemidji, MN SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Forensics Held at the International Pacifichem 2005 Conference CY DEC 15-20, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI DE fingerprinting; Mandan; ND; Bemidji; MN; oil spill; methanogenic biodegradation ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIUM; CRUDE-OIL; ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; PETROLEUM CONTAMINATION; ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION; DENITRIFYING BACTERIUM; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; NORTH-DAKOTA; ALKANES; BIODEGRADATION AB In recent decades forensic fingerprinting of oil-spill hydrocarbons has emerged as an important tool for correlating oils and for evaluating their source and character. Two long-term hydrocarbon spills, an off-road diesel spill (Mandan, ND) and a crude oil spill (Bemidji, MN) experiencing methanogenic biodegradation were previously shown to be undergoing an unexpected progression of homologous n-alkane and n-alkylated cyclohexane loss. Both exhibited degradative losses proceeding from the high-molecular-weight end of the distributions, along with transitory concentration increases of lower-molecular-weight homologs. Particularly in the case of the diesel fuel spill, these methanogenic degradative patterns can result in series distributions that mimic lower cut refinery fuels or admixture with lower cut fuels. Forensic fingerprinting in this long-term spill must therefore rely on more recalcitrant series, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon or drimane sesquiterpane profiles, to prove if the spilled oil is single-sourced or whether there is verifiable admixture with other extraneous refinery fuels. Degradation processes impacting n-alkanes and n-alkylated ring compounds, which make these compounds unsuitable for fingerprinting, nevertheless are of interest in understanding methanogenic biodegradation. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Princeton Univ, Mass Spectrometer Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Nelson Bio Labs, Dept Genet, Piscataway, NJ USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ryerson Univ, Dept Biol & Chem, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Hostettler, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS409, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fdhostet@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PD MAR-JUN PY 2007 VL 8 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 153 DI 10.1080/15275920601180685 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 152JJ UT WOS:000245358000013 ER PT J AU Kahl, JS Nelson, SJ Fernandez, I Haines, T Norton, S Wiersma, GB Jacobson, G Amirbahman, A Johnson, K Schauffler, M Rustad, L Tonnessen, K Lent, R Bank, M Elvir, J Eckhoff, J Caron, H Ruck, P Parker, J Campbell, J Manski, D Breen, R Sheehan, K Grygo, A AF Kahl, J. S. Nelson, S. J. Fernandez, I. Haines, T. Norton, S. Wiersma, G. B. Jacobson, G., Jr. Amirbahman, A. Johnson, K. Schauffler, M. Rustad, L. Tonnessen, K. Lent, R. Bank, M. Elvir, J. Eckhoff, J. Caron, H. Ruck, P. Parker, J. Campbell, J. Manski, D. Breen, R. Sheehan, K. Grygo, A. TI Watershed nitrogen and mercury geochemical fluxes integrate landscape factors in long-term research watersheds at Acadia National Park, Maine, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE watershed science; hydrology; mass balances; mercury; acidic deposition; nitrogen; forest health; paleoecology; forest fire; Acadia National Park ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; 2-LINED SALAMANDERS; HARDWOOD FORESTS; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-ENGLAND; STREAMS; ACIDIFICATION; THROUGHFALL AB This paper is an overview of this special issue devoted to watershed research in Acadia National Park (Acadia NP). The papers address components of an integrated research program on two upland watersheds at Acadia NP, USA (44 degrees 20' N latitude; 68 degrees 15' E longitude). These watersheds were instrumented in 1998 to provide a long-term foundation for regional ecological and watershed research. The research was initiated as part of EPA/NPS PRIMENet (Park Research and Intensive Monitoring of Ecosystems Network), a system of UV-monitoring stations and long-term watershed research sites located in US national parks. The initial goals at Acadia NP were to address research questions about mercury, acid rain, and nitrogen saturation developed from prior research. The project design was based on natural differences in forests and soils induced by an intense wildfire in one watershed in 1947. There is no evidence of fire in the reference watershed for several hundred years. We are testing hypotheses about controls on surface water chemistry, and bioavailability of contaminants in the contrasting watersheds. The unburned 47-ha Hadlock Brook watershed is 70% spruce-fir mature conifer forest. In contrast, burned 32-ha Cadillac Brook watershed, 4 km northeast of the Hadlock watershed, is 20% regenerating mixed northern hardwoods and 60% shrub/rocky balds. Differences in atmospheric deposition are controlled primarily by forest stand composition and age. The watersheds are gauged and have water chemistry stations at 122 m (Cadillac) and 137 m (Hadlock); watershed maximum elevations are 468 and 380 m, respectively. The stream water chemistry patterns reflect, in part, the legacy of the intense fire, which, in turn, controls differences in forest vegetation and soil characteristics. These factors result in higher nitrogen and mercury flux from the unburned watershed, reflecting differences in atmospheric deposition, contrasting ecosystem pools of nitrogen and mercury, and inferred differences in internal cycling and bioavailabilty. C1 Univ Maine, Orono, ME USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Orono Field Stn, Orono, ME USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. Univ Montana, Natl Pk Serv, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Augusta, ME USA. Acadia Natl Pk, Natl Pk Serv, Bar Harbor, ME USA. RP Kahl, JS (reprint author), Univ Maine, Orono, ME USA. EM jskahl@plymouth.edu OI Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696 NR 63 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-3 BP 9 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9328-0 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 138AV UT WOS:000244335800002 PM 17180436 ER PT J AU Johnson, KB Haines, TA Kahl, JS Norton, SA Amirbahman, A Sheehan, KD AF Johnson, K. B. Haines, T. A. Kahl, J. S. Norton, S. A. Amirbahman, Aria Sheehan, K. D. TI Controls on mercury and methylmercury deposition for two watersheds in Acadia National Park, Maine SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE mercury; methylmercury; throughfall; atmospheric deposition; Maine; USA; Acadia National Park ID FOREST CANOPY; THROUGHFALL; ACCUMULATION; SVARTBERGET; CATCHMENT; FOLIAGE; TIME AB Throughfall and bulk precipitation samples were collected for two watersheds at Acadia National Park, Maine, from 3 May to 16 November 2000, to determine which landscape factors affected mercury (Hg) deposition. One of these watersheds, Cadillac Brook, burned in 1947, providing a natural experimental design to study the effects of forest type on deposition to forested watersheds. Sites that face southwest received the highest Hg deposition, which may be due to the interception of cross-continental movement of contaminated air masses. Sites covered with softwood vegetation also received higher Hg deposition than other vegetation types because of the higher scavenging efficiency of the canopy structure. Methyl mercury (MeHg) deposition was not affected by these factors. Hg deposition, as bulk precipitation and throughfall was lower in Cadillac Brook watershed (burned) than in Hadlock Brook watershed (unburned) because of vegetation type and watershed aspect. Hg and MeHg inputs were weighted by season and vegetation type because these two factors had the most influence on deposition. Hg volatilization was not determined. The total Hg deposition via throughfall and bulk precipitation was 9.4 mu g/m(2)/year in Cadillac Brook watershed and 10.2 mu g/m(2)/year in Hadlock Brook watershed. The total MeHg deposition via throughfall and bulk precipitation was 0.05 mu g/m(2)/year in Cadillac Brook watershed and 0.10 mu g/m(2)/year in Hadlock Brook watershed. C1 Univ Maine, Senator George J Mitchell Ctr Environm & Watershe, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Geol Survey, Orono Field Stn, Leetown Sci Ctr, Orono, ME USA. Univ Maine, Dept Geol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Civil Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Plymouth State Univ, Ctr Environm, Plymouth, NH USA. RP Johnson, KB (reprint author), Univ Maine, Senator George J Mitchell Ctr Environm & Watershe, 5710 Norman Smith Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM ken.johnson@umit.maine.edu NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-3 BP 55 EP 67 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9331-5 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 138AV UT WOS:000244335800005 PM 17057984 ER PT J AU Nelson, SJ Johnson, KB Kahl, JS Haines, TA Fernandez, IJ AF Nelson, S. J. Johnson, K. B. Kahl, J. S. Haines, T. A. Fernandez, I. J. TI Mass balances of mercury and nitrogen in burned and unburned forested watersheds at Acadia National Park, Maine, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE mercury; nitrogen; DIN; methylmercury; forest fire effects; watershed mass balances; Acadia National Park; Maine; USA ID INPUT-OUTPUT BUDGETS; SURFACE WATERS; SVARTBERGET CATCHMENT; INORGANIC NITROGEN; NORTHERN SWEDEN; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ENGLAND; DEPOSITION; METHYLMERCURY; ACIDIFICATION AB Precipitation and streamwater samples were collected from 16 November 1999 to 17 November 2000 in two watersheds at Acadia National Park, Maine, and analyzed for mercury (Hg) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN, nitrate plus ammonium). Cadillac Brook watershed burned in a 1947 fire that destroyed vegetation and soil organic matter. We hypothesized that Hg deposition would be higher at Hadlock Brook (the reference watershed, 10.2 mu g/m(2)/year) than Cadillac (9.4 mu g/m(2)/year) because of the greater scavenging efficiency of the softwood vegetation in Hadlock. We also hypothesized the Hg and DIN export from Cadillac Brook would be lower than Hadlock Brook because of elemental volatilization during the fire, along with subsequently lower rates of atmospheric deposition in a watershed with abundant bare soil and bedrock, and regenerating vegetation. Consistent with these hypotheses, Hg export was lower from Cadillac Brook watershed (0.4 mu g/m(2)/year) than from Hadlock Brook watershed (1.3 mu g/m(2)/year). DIN export from Cadillac Brook (11.5 eq/ha/year) was lower than Hadlock Brook (92.5 eq/ha/year). These data show that similar to 50 years following a wildfire there was lower atmospheric deposition due to changes in forest species composition, lower soil pools, and greater ecosystem retention for both Hg and DIN. C1 Univ Maine, Senator George J Mitchell Ctr Environm & Watershe, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Geol Survey, Orono Field Stn, Leetown Sci Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Nelson, SJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Senator George J Mitchell Ctr Environm & Watershe, 5710 Norman Smith Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM sarah.nelson@umit.maine.edu NR 61 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-3 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9332-4 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 138AV UT WOS:000244335800006 PM 17057983 ER PT J AU Nielsen, MG Kahl, JS AF Nielsen, Martha G. Kahl, Jeffrey S. TI Nutrient export from watersheds on Mt. Desert Island, Maine, as a function of land use and fire history SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Acadia National Park; coastal watersheds; fire effects; land-use; nitrogen export; small watersheds ID NITROGEN; REGRESSION; LOADS AB A study of 13 small (less than 7.5 km(2)) watersheds on Mt. Desert Island, Maine, was conducted from January 1999 to September 2000 to determine nutrient export delivery to coastal waters around the island, and to determine whether a series of wildfires in 1947 have affected nutrient export in burned watersheds. Nutrient export (nitrate-nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus) was determined for each watershed during the study period, and was normalized by watershed area. The yield of nitrate-nitrogen (N) ranged from 10 to 140 kg/km(2)/year. Total N yield ranged from 42 to 250 kg/km(2)/year. Total phosphorus (P) yield ranged from 1.4 to 7.9 kg/km(2)/year. Watersheds entirely within Acadia National Park (lacking human land-based nutrient sources) exported significantly less total N and total P than watersheds that were partly or entirely outside the park boundary. Nitrate-N export was not significantly different in these two groups of watersheds, perhaps because atmospheric deposition is a dominant source of nitrate in the study area. No relation was observed between burn history and nutrient export. Any effect of burn history may be masked by other landscape-level factors related to nutrient export. C1 US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. Univ Maine, Senator George J Mitchell Ctr Environm & Watershe, Orono, ME USA. RP Nielsen, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM mnielsen@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-3 BP 81 EP 96 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9333-3 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 138AV UT WOS:000244335800007 PM 17273896 ER PT J AU Peckenham, JM Kahl, JS Nelson, SJ Johnson, KB Haines, TA AF Peckenham, J. M. Kahl, J. S. Nelson, S. J. Johnson, K. B. Haines, T. A. TI Landscape controls on mercury in streamwater at Acadia National Park, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Acadia National Park; dissolved organic carbon; Maine; USA; mercury; surface water quality ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; ADIRONDACK LAKES; SURFACE WATERS; RIVERS; METHYLMERCURY; TRANSPORT; WISCONSIN; CARBON; CYCLE AB Fall and spring streamwater samples were analyzed for total mercury (Hg) and major ions from 47 locations on Mount Desert Island in Maine. Samples were collected in zones that were burned in a major wildfire in 1947 and in zones that were not burned. We hypothesized that Hg concentrations in streamwater would be higher from unburned sites than burned watersheds, because fire would volatilize stored Hg. The Hg concentrations, based on burn history, were not statistically distinct. However, significant statistical associations were noted between Hg and the amount of wetlands in the drainage systems and with streamwater dissolved organic carbon (DOC). An unexpected result was that wetlands mobilized more Hg by generating more DOC in total, but upland DOC was more efficient at transporting Hg because it transports more Hg per unit DOC. Mercury concentrations were higher in samples collected at lower elevations. Mercury was positively correlated with relative discharge, although this effect was not distinguished from the DOC association. In this research, sample site elevation and the presence of upstream wetlands and their associated DOC affected Hg concentrations more strongly than burn history. C1 Univ Maine, Senator George J Mitchell Ctr Environm & Watershe, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Geol Survey, Orono Field Stn, Leetown Sci Ctr, Orono, ME USA. RP Peckenham, JM (reprint author), Univ Maine, Senator George J Mitchell Ctr Environm & Watershe, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM jpeck@maine.edu NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-3 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9334-2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 138AV UT WOS:000244335800008 PM 17273895 ER PT J AU Bank, MS Burgess, JR Evers, DC Loftin, CS AF Bank, Michael S. Burgess, John R. Evers, David C. Loftin, Cynthia S. TI Mercury contamination of biota from Acadia National Park, Maine: A review SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Review DE Acadia National Park; biota; contaminants; literature review; mercury ID OTTER LUTRA-CANADENSIS; WATER FOOD WEBS; NORTH-AMERICA; CARSON RIVER; REMOTE AREAS; METHYLMERCURY; BIOACCUMULATION; DEPOSITION; TISSUES; CANADA AB We reviewed literature reporting both total and methylmercury from biota from Acadia National Park, Maine, USA. Our review of existing data indicates that 1) mercury contamination is widespread throughout the Park's various aquatic ecosystems; 2) mercury pollution likely represents a moderate to high risk to biota inhabiting the Park; and 3) biota at all trophic levels possess elevated concentrations of both total and methylmercury. Watershed fire history and the resulting post-fire forest succession patterns are an important landscape attribute governing mercury cycling at Acadia National Park. Therefore, park service personnel should consider these factors when planning and implementing Hg biomonitoring efforts. Additional baseline funding from the National Park Service for Hg research and biomonitoring will likely be required in order to further evaluate the spatial and temporal patterns of mercury contamination in the park's biota. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME USA. BioDivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME USA. Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME USA. RP Bank, MS (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM mbank@hsph.harvard.edu RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 56 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-3 BP 105 EP 115 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9324-4 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 138AV UT WOS:000244335800009 PM 17057987 ER PT J AU Longcore, JR Dineli, R Haines, TA AF Longcore, Jerry R. Dineli, Reza Haines, Terry A. TI Mercury and growth of tree swallows at Acadia National Park, and at Orono, Maine, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Acadia National Park; asymptotic mean; linear growth rate; Maine; mercury; methyl mercury; Orono; tree swallow; Tachycineta bicolor ID TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; WETLAND ACIDITY; METHYL MERCURY; METHYLMERCURY; FLORIDA; WEIGHT; CHICKS; BIRDS; SIZE AB In 1997 and 1998 we weighed nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) and measured selected body components at two colonies: Acadia National Park on Mt. Desert Island, and at Orono, ME. We used differences in mean growth variables among individual nestlings to evaluate differences between colonies, years, and amount of total mercury (THg) in carcasses and methyl mercury (MeHg) in feathers. We marked nestlings on the day hatched and measured body components every day in 1997 and every other day in 1998 until nestlings fledged. We calculated linear growth rates and asymptotic means as appropriate. In 1998, linear growth rate of weight was higher at Acadia than at Orono, but not different in 1997. We detected no mean differences in asymptotic mean weight of nestlings between colonies or years. In 1997, mean linear growth rates of the wing (chord), tail, tarsus, and mandible were higher at Acadia than at Orono. The amount of MeHg in feathers was associated with a lower linear growth rate of weight during early age (2-10 days), but asymptotic mean weight during days 11-16 was not different. No effect on linear growth of tail feathers or wing was associated with the amount of MeHg in feathers or THg in carcasses. Fledgling tree swallows that survive to migrate, however, will leave Maine with substantial concentrations of Hg in their tissues. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Orono Field Stn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Longcore, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 5768 S Annex A, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Jerry_Longcore@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-3 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9325-3 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 138AV UT WOS:000244335800010 PM 17057986 ER PT J AU Longcore, JR Haines, TA Halteman, WA AF Longcore, Jerry R. Haines, Terry A. Halteman, William A. TI Mercury in tree swallow food, eggs, bodies, and feathers at Acadia National Park, Maine, and an EPA Superfund site, Ayer, Massachusetts SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Acadia National Park; biomagnification; embryotoxicity; hatching success; fledging success; ME; mercury; methyl mercury; MA; Superfund site; Tachycineta bicolor; tree swallow ID TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; METHYL MERCURY; EXPERIMENTAL RESERVOIR; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MALLARD REPRODUCTION; BREEDING BIOLOGY; WETLAND ACIDITY; TRACE-ELEMENT; LAKES; METHYLMERCURY AB We monitored nest boxes during 1997-1999 at Acadia National Park, Mt. Desert Island, ME and at an old-field site in Orono, ME to determine mercury (Hg) uptake in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) eggs, tissues, and food boluses. Also, in 1998-1999 we monitored nest boxes at Grove Pond and Plow Shop Pond at a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site in Ayer, MA. We recorded breeding success at all locations. On average among locations, total mercury (THg) biomagnified 2 to 4-fold from food to eggs and 9 to 18-fold from food to feathers. These are minimum values because the proportion of transferable methyl mercury (MeHg) of the THg in insects varies (i.e., 35%-95% of THg) in food boluses. THg was highest in food boluses at Aunt Betty Pond at Acadia, whereas THg in eggs was highest at the Superfund site. A few eggs from nests at each of these locations exceeded the threshold (i.e., 800-1,000 ng/g, wet wt.) of embryotoxicity established for Hg. Hatching success was 88.9% to 100% among locations, but five eggs failed to hatch from 4 of the 11 clutches in which an egg exceeded this threshold. MeHg in feathers was highest in tree swallows at Aunt Betty Pond and the concentration of THg in bodies was related to the concentration in feathers. Transfer of an average of 80%-92% of the Hg in bodies to feathers may have enhanced nestling survival. Residues of Hg in tissues of tree swallows in the Northeast seem higher than those of the Midwest. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Geol Survey, Orono Field Stn, Leetown Sci Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Math & Stat, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Longcore, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 5768 S Annex A, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Jerry_Longcore@usgs.gov NR 70 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-3 BP 129 EP 143 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9326-2 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 138AV UT WOS:000244335800011 PM 16957848 ER PT J AU Veltman, K Huijbregts, MAJ Vijver, MG Peijnenburg, WJGM Hobbelen, PHF Koolhaas, JE van Gestel, CAM van Vliet, PCJ Hendriks, AJ AF Veltman, Karin Huijbregts, Mark A. J. Vijver, Martina G. Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M. Hobbelen, Peter H. F. Koolhaas, Josee E. van Gestel, Cornelis A. M. van Vliet, Petra C. J. Hendriks, A. Jan TI Metal accumulation in the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus. Model predictions compared to field data SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE metal; bioaccumulation model; Lumbricus rubellus; field data ID HEAVY-METALS; EQUILIBRIUM RATIOS; SPECIES WEIGHT; RATE CONSTANTS; SOILS; CADMIUM; BIOACCUMULATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; WATER; ZINC AB The mechanistic bioaccumulation model OMEGA (Optimal Modeling for Ecotoxicological Applications) is used to estimate accumulation of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus. Our validation to field accumulation data shows that the model accurately predicts internal cadmium concentrations. In addition, our results show that internal metal concentrations in the earthworm are less than linearly (slope < 1) related to the total concentration in soil, while risk assessment procedures often assume the biota-soil accumulation factor (BSAF) to be constant. Although predicted internal concentrations of all metals are generally within a factor 5 compared to field data, incorporation of regulation in the model is necessary to improve predictability of the essential metals such as zinc and copper. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 RU Nijmejen, Inst Wetland & Water Res, Dept Environm Sci, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. Leiden Univ, Inst Environm Sci, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Protect, RIVM, Lab Ecotoxicol, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Ecol Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Wageningen Univ, Sect Soil Qual, NL-6700 EC Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Veltman, K (reprint author), RU Nijmejen, Inst Wetland & Water Res, Dept Environm Sci, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM k.veltman@science.ru.nl; m.a.j.huijbregts@science.ru.nl; vijver@cml.leidenuniv.nl; wjgm.peijnenburg@rivm.nl; phobbelen@usgs.gov; phobbelen@usgs.gov; kees.van.gestel@ecology.falw.vu.nl; petra.vanvliet@wur.nl; a.j.hendriks@science.ru.nl RI Hendriks, Aalbert Jan/C-6767-2013; Vijver, Martina/K-7831-2013; Peijnenburg, Willie/M-4110-2013; Huijbregts, Mark/B-8971-2011; OI peijnenburg, willie/0000-0003-2958-9149; van Gestel, Kees/0000-0002-5651-0208 NR 46 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 146 IS 2 BP 428 EP 436 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.06.033 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 146YR UT WOS:000244971100018 PM 16938367 ER PT J AU Anteau, MJ Afton, AD Custer, CM Custer, TW AF Anteau, Michael J. Afton, Alan D. Custer, Christine M. Custer, Thomas W. TI Relationships of cadmium, mercury, and selenium with nutrient reserves of female lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) during winter and spring migration SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cadmium; lesser scaup; lipid; mercury; selenium ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; MISSISSIPPI FLYWAY; COMMON EIDERS; AQUATIC BIRDS; DIVING DUCKS; CONDITION HYPOTHESIS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BODY CONDITION; MALLARD DUCKS; REPRODUCTION AB Trace elements may have important effects on body condition of ducks during spring migration, because individuals are experiencing energetically costly events (e.g., migration, nutrient reserve accumulation, pair formation, feather molt, and ovarian follicle development). We examined relationships among hepatic cadmium, mercury, and selenium concentrations (mu g/g dry wt) and nutrient reserves (lipid, protein, and mineral) of female lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) during winter and spring migration at four locations within the Mississippi Flyway (LA, IL, and MN, USA, and MB, Canada). Selenium concentrations (range, 3.73-52.29 mu g/g dry wt) were positively correlated with lipid reserves (F-1.73 = 22.69, p < 0.001, type III partial r(2) = 0.24), whereas cadmium was negatively correlated with lipid reserves (F-1.73 = 6.92, p = 0.010, type III partial r(2) = 0.09). The observed relationship between cadmium and lipid reserves may be cause for concern, because lipid reserves of females declined by 55 g (47%), on average, within the range of observed cadmium concentrations (0.23-7.24 mu g/g dry wt), despite the relatively low cadmium concentrations detected. Mean cadmium concentrations were higher in Minnesota (1.23 mu g/g dry wt) and Manitoba (1.11 mu g/g dry wt) than in Louisiana (0.80 mu g/g dry wt) and Illinois (0.69 mu g/g dry wt). However, mean cadmium concentrations predict lipid reserves of females to be only 11 g lower, on average, in Minnesota than in Illinois. Previous research documented that lipid reserves were 100 g lower in Minnesota than in Illinois; consequently, cadmium is unlikely to be the sole cause for decreases in lipid reserves of females during late-spring migration. C1 Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Anteau, MJ (reprint author), Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM manteau@usgs.gov RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 45 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 17 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 515 EP 520 DI 10.1897/06-309R.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 136RK UT WOS:000244241600017 PM 17373516 ER PT J AU Lamendella, R Santo Domingo, JW Oerther, DB Vogel, JR Stoeckel, DM AF Lamendella, Regina Santo Domingo, Jorge W. Oerther, Daniel B. Vogel, Jason R. Stoeckel, Donald M. TI Assessment of fecal pollution sources in a small northern-plains watershed using PCR and phylogenetic analyses of Bacteroidetes 16S rRNA gene SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microbial source tracking; Bacteroidetes; 16S rRNA gene; water quality; fecal pollution ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SOURCE-TRACKING; HUMAN FECES; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA; PREVOTELLA; DIVERSITY; HOST; IDENTIFICATION; MARKERS AB We evaluated the efficacy, sensitivity, host-specificity, and spatial/temporal dynamics of human- and ruminant-specific 16S rRNA gene Bacteroidetes markers used to assess the sources of fecal pollution in a fecally impacted watershed. Phylogenetic analyses of 1271 fecal and environmental 16S rRNA gene clones were also performed to study the diversity of Bacteroidetes in this watershed. The host-specific assays indicated that ruminant feces were present in 28-54% of the water samples and in all sampling seasons, with increasing frequency in downstream sites. The human-targeted assays indicated that only 3-5% of the water samples were positive for human fecal signals, although a higher percentage of human-associated signals (19-24%) were detected in sediment samples. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that 57% of all water clones clustered with yet-to-be-cultured Bacteroidetes species associated with sequences obtained from ruminant feces, further supporting the prevalence of ruminant contamination in this watershed. However, since several clusters contained sequences from multiple sources, future studies need to consider the potential cosmopolitan nature of these bacterial populations when assessing fecal pollution sources using Bacteroidetes markers. Moreover, additional data is needed in order to understand the distribution of Bacteroidetes host-specific markers and their relationship to water quality regulatory standards. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Dept Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH USA. US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE USA. US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH USA. RP Santo Domingo, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov RI Oerther, Daniel/H-6543-2014; OI Oerther, Daniel/0000-0002-6724-3205; Stoeckel, Don/0000-0003-3772-171X NR 47 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 59 IS 3 BP 651 EP 660 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00211.x PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 143KF UT WOS:000244719400011 PM 17069624 ER PT J AU Zielinski, RA Foster, AL Meeker, GP Brownfield, IK AF Zielinski, Robert A. Foster, Andrea L. Meeker, Gregory P. Brownfield, Isabelle K. TI Mode of occurrence of arsenic in feed coal and its derivative fly ash, Black Warrior Basin, Alabama SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE arsenic; coal; fly ash ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; FUEL COMBUSTION RESIDUES; INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SPECIATION; SORPTION; MINE; GEOCHEMISTRY; SPECTROMETRY; MOBILIZATION AB An arsenic-rich (As = 55 ppm) bituminous feed coal from the Black Warrior Basin, Alabama. and its derivative fly ash (As = 230 ppm) were selected for detailed investigation of arsenic residence and chemical forms. Analytical techniques included microbeam analysis, selective extraction, and As K-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. Most As in the coal is contained in a generation of As-bearing pyrite (FeS(2)) that formed in response to epigenetic introduction of hydrothermal fluids. XAFS results indicate that approximately 50% of the As in the coal sample occurs as the oxidized As(V) species, possibly the result of incipient oxidation of coal and pyrite prior to our analysis. Combustion of pyrite and host coal produced fly ash in which 95% of As is present as As(V). Selective extraction of the fly ash with a carbonate buffer solution (pH = 10) removed 49% of the As. A different extraction with an HCl-NH(2)OH mixture, which targets amorphous and poorly crystalline iron oxides, dissolved 79% of the As. XAFS spectroscopy of this highly acidic (pH = 3.0) fly ash indicated that As is associated with some combination of iron oxide, oxyhydroxide, or sulfate. In contrast, a highly alkaline (pH = 12.7) fly ash from Turkey shows most As associated with a phase similar to calcium orthoarsenate (Ca(3)(AsO(4))(2)). The combined XAFS results indicate that fly ash acidity, which is determined by coal composition and combustion conditions, may serve to predict arsenic speciation in fly ash. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Zielinski, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rzielinski@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD MAR PY 2007 VL 86 IS 4 BP 560 EP 572 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.07.033 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 133WK UT WOS:000244044400011 ER PT J AU Young, BA Bryan, MB Glenn, JR Yun, SS Scott, AP Li, WM AF Young, Bradley A. Bryan, Mara B. Glenn, Jessica R. Yun, Sang Seon Scott, Alexander P. Li, Weiming TI Dose-response relationship of 15 alpha-hydroxylated sex steroids to gonadotropin-releasing hormones and pituitary extract in male sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lamprey; steroid; GnRH; 15 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone; progesterone ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; GNRH-I; STEROIDOGENESIS; BRAIN; ANALOGS; PLASMA; REPRODUCTION; SPERMIATION; ATLANTIC; GONADS AB The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is one of the earliest extant vertebrates for which the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis has been shown to control and regulate reproduction in a similar fashion to gnathostome vertebrates. While the two forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormones in the sea lamprey (GnRH I and GnRH 111) have been studied extensively, their in vivo effect on synthesis of 15 alpha-hydroxytestosterone (15 alpha-T) and 15 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (15 alpha-P) have only been partially characterized. In the present study, plasma concentrations of 15 alpha-T and 15 alpha-P were measured in prespermiating sea lampreys that were given a single injection of either GnRH I or GnRH III in doses ranging from 5 to 100 mu g/kg, or of pituitary extract (as a source of gonadotropin). Plasma was sampled at 1-6 h and 6-48 h post-injection, in separate experiments, in order to characterize the peak and duration of responses. 15 alpha-T plasma concentrations increased slightly in response to all three treatments, but not in a dose-dependent manner, and the timing of peak concentrations varied between doses. However, 15 alpha-P plasma concentrations showed a greater range of response (between I and 100 ng/ml) and were clearly correlated with the injection dose. Plasma concentrations of 15 alpha-P also responded to far lower doses of GnRH I and GnRH III than any other steroid previously investigated in lampreys. The plasma concentrations of 15 alpha-P peaked at 6h after injection for all three treatments, and levels reached a mean of 53.1 ng/ml. In female lampreys that were injected twice with 50 mu g/ml GnRH I or 111, 15 alpha-T concentrations did not exceed 0.5 ng/mI and 15 alpha-P concentrations did not exceed I ng/ml. These results lend further support to the hypothesis that 15 alpha-P plays an important role in the reproductive endocrinology of male lampreys. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Dorset DT4 8UB, England. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lake Champlain Fish & Wildlife Resources Off, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. RP Li, WM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM liweim@msu.edu RI Li, Weiming /D-9615-2013 OI Li, Weiming /0000-0001-5437-1518 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 151 IS 1 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.12.005 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 140VS UT WOS:000244535400011 PM 17270185 ER PT J AU Ono, S Shanks, WC Rouxel, OJ Rumble, D AF Ono, Shuhei Shanks, Wayne C., III Rouxel, Olivier J. Rumble, Douglas TI S-33 constraints on the seawater sulfate contribution in modern seafloor hydrothermal vent sulfides SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; MASS-INDEPENDENT SULFUR; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; STABLE-ISOTOPE; CHIMNEY MINERALS; PYRITE FORMATION; WATER SULFATE; FLUIDS; SYSTEMS AB Sulfide sulfur in mid-oceanic ridge hydrothermal vents is derived from leaching of basaltic-sulfide and seawater-derived sulfate that is reduced during high temperature water rock interaction. Conventional sulfur isotope studies, however, are inconclusive about the massbalance between the two sources because (34)S/(32)S ratios of vent fluid H(2)S and chimney sulfide minerals may reflect not only the mixing ratio but also isotope exchange between sulfate and sulfide. Here, we show that high-precision analysis of S-33 can provide a unique constraint because isotope mixing and isotope exchange result in different Delta(33)S (=delta(33)S-0.515 delta(34)S) values of up to 0.04 parts per thousand even if delta(34)S values are identical. Detection of such small Delta(33)S differences is technically feasible by using the SF(6) dual-inlet mass-spectrometry protocol that has been improved to achieve a precision as good as 0.006 parts per thousand (2 alpha). Sulfide minerals (marcasite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite) and vent H(2)S collected from four active seafloor hydrothermal vent sites, East Pacific Rise (EPR) 9-10 degrees N, 13 degrees N, and 21 degrees S and Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) 37 degrees N yield Delta(33)S values ranging from -0.002 to 0.033 and delta(34)S from -0.5 parts per thousand to 5.3 parts per thousand. The combined delta(34)S and Delta(33)S systematics reveal that 73 to 89% of vent sulfides are derived from leaching from basaltic sulfide and only 11 to 27% from seawater-derived sulfate. Pyrite from EPR 13 degrees N and marcasite from MAR 37 degrees N are in isotope disequilibrium not only in delta(34)S but also in Delta(33)S with respect to associated sphalerite and chalcopyrite, suggesting non-equilibrium sulfur isotope exchange between seawater sulfate and sulfide during pyrite precipitation. Seafloor hydrothermal vent sulfides are characterized by low Delta(33)S values compared with biogenic sulfides, suggesting little or no contribution of sulfide from microbial sulfate reduction into hydrothermal sulfides at sediment-free mid-oceanic ridge systems. We conclude that (33)S is an effective new tracer for interplay among seawater, oceanic crust and microbes in subseafloor hydrothermal sulfur cycles. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80255 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Ono, S (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM s.ono@gl.ciw.edu RI Rouxel, Olivier/F-3954-2014 NR 73 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1170 EP 1182 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.11.017 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 146AE UT WOS:000244906100007 ER PT J AU Tull, JF Barineau, CI Mueller, PA Wooden, JL AF Tull, James F. Barineau, Clinton I. Mueller, Paul A. Wooden, Joseph L. TI Volcanic arc emplacement onto the southernmost Appalachian Laurentian shelf: Characteristics and constraints SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE Appalachians; volcanic arc; Talla-dega belt; Hillabee; Blue Ridge ID PERIASTRON-RETICULATUM-UNGER; SIVIEZ-MISCHABEL NAPPE; WESTERN NEW-ENGLAND; U-PB ZIRCON; TACONIAN OROGENY; ALABAMA APPALACHIANS; NORTH-AMERICA; WHITE MICA; LU-HF; MAGMATISM AB In the southernmost Appalachians, the Hillabee Greenstone, an Ordovician volcanic arc fragment, lies directly atop the outermost Laurentian Devonian-earliest Mississippian(?) shelf sequence at the structural top of the greenschist facies Talladega belt, the frontal metamorphic allochthon along this orogenic segment. The Hillabee Greenstone was emplaced between latest Devonian and middle Mississippian time. It and the uppermost Laurentian section were later repeated together within a series of map-scale imbricate slices of a postmetamorphic, dextral, transpressional, Alleghanian thrust duplex system that placed the high-grade eastern Blue Ridge allochthon atop the Talladega belt. Geochemical and geochronologic (U-Pb zircon) studies indicate that the Hillabee Greenstone's interstratified tholeiitic meta-basalt and calc-alkaline metadacite/rhyolite formed within an extensional setting on continental crust ca. 460-470 Ma. Palinspastic reconstructions of the southern Appalachian Ordovician margin place the Hillabee Greenstone outboard of the present position of the Pine Mountain terrane and suggest links to Ordovician plutonism in the overlying eastern Blue Ridge, and possibly to widespread K-bentonite deposits within Ordovician platform units. The tectonic evolution of the Hillabee Greenstone exhibits many unusual and intriguing features, including: (1) premetamorphic emplacement along a basal cryptic thrust, which is remarkably concordant to both hanging wall and footwall sequences across its entire extent (> 230 km), (2) formation, transport, and emplacement of the are fragment accompanied by minimal deformation of the Hillabee Greenstone and underlying outer-margin shelf rocks, (3) emplacement temporally coincident with the adjacent collision of the younger, tectonically independent Ouachita volcanic arc with southeastern Laurentia. These features highlight strong contrasts in the Ordovician-Taconian evolution of the southern and northern parts of the Appalachian orogen. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94050 USA. RP Tull, JF (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM tull@gly.fsu.edu OI Mueller, Paul/0000-0003-2608-193X NR 109 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 119 IS 3-4 BP 261 EP 274 DI 10.1130/B25998.1 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 167QG UT WOS:000246465600001 ER PT J AU Tucker, D Hildreth, W Ullrich, T Friedman, R AF Tucker, David Hildreth, Wes Ullrich, Tom Friedman, Richard TI Geology and complex collapse mechanisms of the 3.72 Ma Hannegan caldera, North Cascades, Washington, USA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Hannegan; caldera; volcanology; geochronology; collapse mechanism; trap door ID SOUTHWESTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CALC-ALKALINE GRANITOIDS; ASH-FLOW CALDERAS; ERUPTIVE HISTORY; CHILLIWACK BATHOLITH; KULSHAN CALDERA; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; CRATER LAKE; GEOCHRONOLOGY; MOUNTAINS AB Contiguous ring faults of the 8 x 3.5 krn Hannegan caldera enclose the Hannegan volcanics in the Cascade are of northern Washington. The caldera collapsed in two phases, which each erupted rhyolitic ignimbrite (72.3%-75.2% SiO2). The first collapse phase, probably trap-door style, erupted the >= 900-m-thick ignimbrite of Hannegan Peak at 3.722 +/- 0.020 Ma. This single cooling unit, generally welded, has an uppermost facies of nonwelded ignimbrite and fine ash. A short period of localized sedimentation followed. Eruption of the ignimbrite of Ruth Mountain then led to a second trap-door collapse as the first-phase partial ring fault propagated to the south to completely enclose the caldera. Wallrock breccias are intercalated as lenses and megabreccia blocks in both ignimbrites. The minimum intracaldera volume is 55-60 km(3). No base is exposed, nor are outflow sheets preserved. Caldera collapse and glacial erosion have removed precaldera volcanic rocks, which survive only as intracaldera breccias. Rhyolite dikes and pods, one of which yielded a Ar-40/Ar-39 age of 3.72 +/- 0.34 Ma, intrude the ring fault and caldera fill. Dacite-andesite domes, dikes, and lava flows were emplaced subsequently; one lava flow gives a Ar-40/Ar-39 age of 2.96 +/- 0.20 Ma. The quartz diorite of Icy Peak and the granite of Nooksack Cirque (plutons with Pb-206/U-238 zircon ages of 3.42 +/- 0.10 Ma and 3.36 +/- 0.20 Ma, respectively) intrude caldera fill and basement rocks on the southwest margin of the caldera. Both plutons are now exceptionally well exposed on high, glacially sculpted peaks within the caldera, indicating erosion of at least 1 km of intracaldera fill. Hannegan caldera anchors the northeast end of a linear NE-SW age-progressive migration of magmatic focus from the Chilliwack batholith to the active Mount Baker volcano. C1 Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ British Columbia, Pacific Ctr Isotop & Geochem Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Tucker, D (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM Dave.Tucker@wwu.edu NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 119 IS 3-4 BP 329 EP 342 DI 10.1130/B25904.1 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 167QG UT WOS:000246465600006 ER PT J AU Person, M Roy, P Wright, H Gutowski, W Ito, E Winter, T Rosenberry, D Cohen, D AF Person, Mark Roy, Prasenjit Wright, Herb Gutowski, William, Jr. Ito, Emi Winter, Tom Rosenberry, Donald Cohen, Denis TI Hydrologic response of the Crow Wing Watershed, Minnesota, to mid-Holocene climate change SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE paleohydrology; climate change; hydrogeology; modeling; paleolimnology ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; LAKE SEDIMENT RECORDS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; GROUNDWATER; DROUGHT; MODEL; MACROFOSSILS; TRANSIENTS; PATTERNS; PRAIRIE AB In this study, we have integrated a suite of Holocene paleoclimatic proxies with mathematical modeling in an attempt to obtain a comprehensive picture of how watersheds respond to past climate change. A three-dimensional surface-water-groundwater model was developed to assess the effects of mid-Holocene climate change on water resources within the Crow Wing Watershed, Upper Mississippi Basin in north central Minnesota. The model was first calibrated to a 50 yr historical record of average annual surface-water discharge, monthly groundwater levels, and lake-level fluctuations. The model was able to reproduce reasonably well long-term historical records (1949-1999) of water-table and lake-level fluctuations across the watershed as well as stream discharge near the watershed outlet. The calibrated model was then used to reproduce paleo-groundwater and lake levels using climate reconstructions based on pollen-transfer functions from Williams Lake just outside the watershed. Computed declines in mid-Holocene lake levels for two lakes at opposite ends of the watershed were between 6 and 18 m. Simulated streamflow near the outlet of the watershed decreased to 70% of modern average annual discharge after similar to 200 yr. The area covered by wetlands for the entire watershed was reduced by similar to 16%. The mid-Holocene hydrologic changes indicated by these model results and corroborated by several lake-core records across the Crow Wing Watershed may serve as a useful proxy of the hydrologic response to future warm, dry climatic forecasts (ca. 2050) made by some atmospheric general-circulation models for the glaciated Midwestern United States. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Chevron ETC, Houston, TX 77002 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Person, M (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM maperson@indiana.edu RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; Cohen, Denis/P-2015-2016; OI Cohen, Denis/0000-0002-8262-9798; Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 65 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 119 IS 3-4 BP 363 EP 376 DI 10.1130/B26003.1 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 167QG UT WOS:000246465600008 ER PT J AU Moench, RH AF Moench, Robert H. TI The Piermont allochthon revisited and redefined at its type locality: Discussion SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID LITTLETON-MOOSILAUKE AREA; CENTRAL NEW-HAMPSHIRE; APPALACHIANS C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr 905, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Moench, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr 905, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM bsmoench@indra.com NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 119 IS 3-4 BP 493 EP 499 DI 10.1130/B25922.1 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 167QG UT WOS:000246465600019 ER PT J AU Rankin, DW Tucker, RD AF Rankin, D. W. Tucker, R. D. TI The Piermont allochthon revisited and redefined at its type locality: Discussion SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID CENTRAL NEW-HAMPSHIRE; LITTLETON-MOOSILAUKE AREA; EASTERN VERMONT C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Rankin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Mail Stop 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dwrankin@usgs.gov; rtucker@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 119 IS 3-4 BP 500 EP 502 DI 10.1130/B26089.1 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 167QG UT WOS:000246465600020 ER PT J AU Kent, AJR Blundy, J Cashman, KV Cooper, KM Donnelly, C Pallister, JS Reagan, M Rowe, MC Thornber, CR AF Kent, Adam J. R. Blundy, Jon Cashman, Katharine V. Cooper, Kari M. Donnelly, Carrie Pallister, John S. Reagan, Mark Rowe, Michael C. Thornber, Carl R. TI Vapor transfer prior to the October 2004 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mount St. Helens; diffusion; plagioclase; lithium; vapor transport ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; MAGMA AB Dome lavas from the 2004 eruption of Mount St. Helens show elevated Li contents in plagioclase phenocrysts at the onset of dome growth in October 2004. These cannot be explained by variations in plagioclase-melt partitioning, but require elevated Li contents in coexisting melt, a fact confirmed by measurements of Li contents as high as 207 mu g/g in coexisting melt inclusions. Similar Li enrichment has been observed in material erupted prior to and during the climactic IN-lay 1980 eruption, and is likewise best explained via pre-eruptive transfer of an exsolved alkali-rich vapor phase derived from deeper within the magma transport system. Unlike 1980, however, high Li samples from 2004 show no evidence of excess (Pb-210)/(Ra-226), implying that measurable Li enrichments may occur despite significant differences in the timing and/or extent of magmatic degassing. Diffusion modeling shows that Li enrichment occurred within similar to 1 yr before eruption, and that magma remained Li enriched until immediately before eruption and cooling. This short flux time and the very high Li contents in ash produced by phreatomagmatic activity prior to the onset of dome extrusion suggest that vapor transfer and accumulation were associated with initiation of the current eruption. Overall, observation of a high Li signature in both 1980 and 2004 dacites indicates that Li enrichment may be a relatively common phenomenon, and may prove useful for petrologic monitoring of Mount St. Helens and other silicic volcanoes. Lithium diffusion is also sufficiently rapid to constrain vapor transfer on similar time scales to short-lived radionuclides. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, David A Johnson Cascade Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kent, AJR (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM adam.kent@geo.oregonstate.edu; rowem@mail.utexas.edu RI Cooper, Kari/G-8261-2012; OI Thornber, Carl/0000-0002-6382-4408 NR 16 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 231 EP 234 DI 10.1130/G22809A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 184FY UT WOS:000247627700010 ER PT J AU Wark, DA Hildreth, W Spear, FS Cherniak, DJ Watson, EB AF Wark, D. A. Hildreth, W. Spear, F. S. Cherniak, D. J. Watson, E. B. TI Pre-eruption recharge of the Bishop magma system SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Long Valley caldera; Bishop Tuff; mafic recharge; thermal rejuvenation; rhyolite ID LONG VALLEY; MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; TUFF; CALIFORNIA; MELT; STRATIGRAPHY; PHENOCRYSTS; INCLUSIONS; EVOLUTION; CHAMBERS AB The 650 km(3) rhyolitic Bishop Tuff (eastern California, USA), which is stratigraphically zoned with respect to temperatures of mineral equilibration, reflects a corresponding thermal gradient in the source magma chamber. Consistent with previous work, application of the new TitaniQ (Ti-in-quartz) thermometer to quartz phenocryst rims documents an similar to 100 degrees C temperature increase with chamber depth at the time of eruption. Application of TitaniQ to quartz phenocryst cores, however, reveals lower temperatures and an earlier gradient that was less steep, with temperature increasing with depth by only similar to 30 degrees C. In many late-erupted crystals, sharp boundaries that separate low-temperature cores from high-temperature rims cut internal cathodoluminescent growth zoning, indicating partial phenocryst dissolution prior to crystallization of the high-temperature rims. Rimward jumps in Ti concentration across these boundaries are too abrupt (e.g., 40 ppm across a distance of < 10 mu m) to have survived magmatic temperatures for more than similar to 100 yr. We interpret these observations to indicate heating-induced partial dissolution of quartz, followed by growth of high-temperature rims (made possible by lowering of water activity due to addition of CO2) within 100 yr of the climactic 760 ka eruption. Hot mafic melts injected into deeper parts of the magma system were the likely source of heat and CO2, raising the possibility that eruption and caldera collapse owe their origin to a recharge event. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wark, DA (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM warkd@rpi.edu RI Facility, NENIMF/B-8811-2015 NR 25 TC 159 Z9 165 U1 2 U2 31 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 235 EP 238 DI 10.1130/G23316A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 184FY UT WOS:000247627700011 ER PT J AU Haines, SS Pride, SR Klemperer, SL Biondi, B AF Haines, Seth S. Pride, Steven R. Klemperer, Simon L. Biondi, Biondo TI Seismoelectric imaging of shallow targets SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; GEOPHYSICAL RECORDS; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; SEISMIC SOURCES; CONVERSIONS AB We have undertaken a series of controlled field experiments to develop seismoelectric experimental methods for near-surface applications and to improve our understanding of seismoelectric phenomena. In a set of off-line geometry surveys (source separated from the receiver line), we place seismic sources and electrode array receivers on opposite sides of a man-made target (two sand-filled trenches) to record separately two previously documented seismoelectric modes: (1) the electromagnetic interface response signal created at the target and (2) the coseismic electric fields located within a compressional seismic wave. With the seismic source point in the center of a linear electrode array, we identify the previously undocumented seismoelectric direct field, and the Lorentz field of the metal hammer plate moving in the earth's magnetic field. We place the seismic source in the center of a circular array of electrodes (radial and circumferential orientations) to analyze the source-related direct and Lorentz fields and to establish that these fields can be understood in terms of simple analytical models. Using an off-line geometry, we create a multifold, 2D image of our trenches as dipping layers, and we also produce a complementary synthetic image through numerical modeling. These images demonstrate that off-line geometry (e.g., crosswell) surveys offer a particularly promising application of the seismoelectric method because they effectively separate the interface response signal from the (generally much stronger) coseismic and source-related fields. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Haines, SS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Imaging & Characterizat Team, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM shaines@usgs.gov; srpride@lbl.gov; sklemp@stanford.edu; biondo@sep.stanford.edu RI Klemperer, Simon/A-5919-2012 NR 25 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 72 IS 2 BP G9 EP G20 DI 10.1190/1.2428267 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 153NC UT WOS:000245441200027 ER PT J AU Haines, SS Guitton, A Biondi, B AF Haines, Seth S. Guitton, Antoine Biondi, Biondo TI Seismoelectric data processing for surface surveys of shallow targets SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE ATTENUATION; GEOPHYSICAL RECORDS; INVERSION; SPACE AB The utility of the seismoelectric method relies on the development of methods to extract the signal of interest from background and source-generated coherent noise that may be several orders-of-magnitude stronger. We compare data processing approaches to develop a sequence of preprocessing and signal/noise separation and to quantify the noise level from which we can extract signal events. Our preferred sequence begins with the removal of power line harmonic noise and the use of frequency filters to minimize random and source-generated noise. Mapping to the linear Radon domain with an inverse process incorporating a sparseness constraint provides good separation of signal from noise, though it is ineffective on noise that shows the same dip as the signal. Similarly, the seismoelectric signal and noise do not separate cleanly in the Fourier domain, so f-k filtering can not remove all of the source-generated noise and it also disrupts signal amplitude patterns. We find that prediction-error filters provide the most effective method to separate signal and noise, while also preserving amplitude information, assuming that adequate pattern models can be determined for the signal and noise. These Radon-domain and prediction-error-filter methods successfully separate signal from > 33 dB stronger noise in our test data. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Haines, SS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM shaines@usgs.gov; antoine@3dgeo.com; biondo@sep.stanford.edu NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 72 IS 2 BP G1 EP G8 DI 10.1190/1.2424542 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 153NC UT WOS:000245441200026 ER PT J AU Molnia, BF AF Molnia, Bruce F. TI Late nineteenth to early twenty-first century behavior of Alaskan glaciers as indicators of changing regional climate SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Review DE Alaska; glaciers; climate change; temperature; advance; retreat ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; HOLOCENE HISTORY; SOUTHERN ALASKA; MOUNT WRANGELL; NORTH-AMERICA; MASS-BALANCE; MT WRANGELL; FLUCTUATIONS; ELEVATION AB Alaska's climate is changing and one of the most significant indications of this change has been the late 19th to early 21st century behavior of Alaskan glaciers. Weather station temperature data document that air temperatures throughout Alaska have been increasing for many decades. Since the mid-20th century, the average change is an increase of similar to 2.0 degrees C. In order to determine the magnitude and pattern of response of glaciers to this regional climate change, a comprehensive analysis was made of the recent behavior of hundreds of glaciers located in the eleven Alaskan mountain ranges and three island areas that currently support glaciers. Data analyzed included maps, historical observations, thousands of ground-and-aerial photographs and satellite images, and vegetation proxy data. Results were synthesized to determine changes in length and area of individual glaciers. Alaskan ground photography dates from 1883, aerial photography dates from 1926, and satellite photography and imagery dates from the early 1960s. Unfortunately, very few Alaskan glaciers have any mass balance observations. In most areas analyzed, every glacier that descends below an elevation of similar to 1500 in is currently thinning and/or retreating. Many glaciers have an uninterrupted history of continuous post-Little-ice-Age retreat that spans more than 250 years. Others are characterized by multiple late 19th to early 21st century fluctuations. Today, retreating and/or thinning glaciers represent more than 98% of the glaciers examined. However, in the Coast Mountains, St. Elias Mountains, Chugach Mountains, and the Aleutian Range more than a dozen glaciers are currently advancing and thickening. Many currently advancing glaciers are or were formerly tidewater glaciers. Some of these glaciers have been expanding for more than two centuries. This presentation documents the post-Little-Ice-Age behavior and variability of the response of many Alaskan glaciers to changing regional climate. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Molnia, BF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM bmolnia@usgs.gov NR 101 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD MAR PY 2007 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.07.011 PG 34 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 149FC UT WOS:000245131500004 ER PT J AU Cox, MH Su, GW Constantz, J AF Cox, Marisa H. Su, Grace W. Constantz, Jim TI Heat, chloride, and specific conductance as ground water tracers near streams SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID CATCHMENT; INFILTRATION; TEMPERATURE; FILTRATION; TIMES; FIELD; WELL; USA AB Commonly measured water quality parameters were compared to heat as tracers of stream water exchange with ground water. Temperature, specific conductance, and chloride were sampled at various frequencies in the stream and adjacent wells over a 2-year period. Strong seasonal variations in stream water were observed for temperature and specific conductance. In observation wells where the temperature response correlated to stream water, chloride and specific conductance values were similar to stream water values as well, indicating significant stream water exchange with ground water. At sites where ground water temperature fluctuations were negligible, chloride and/or specific conductance values did not correlate to stream water values, indicating that ground water was not significantly influenced by exchange with stream water. Best-fit simulation modeling was performed at two sites to derive temperature-based estimates of hydraulic conductivities of the alluvial sediments between the stream and wells. These estimates were used in solute transport simulations for a comparison of measured and simulated values for chloride and specific conductance. Simulation results showed that hydraulic conductivities vary seasonally and annually. This variability was a result of seasonal changes in temperature-dependent hydraulic conductivity and scouring or clogging of the streambed. Specific conductance fits were good, while chloride data were difficult to fit due to the infrequent (quarterly) stream water chloride measurements during the study period. Combined analyses of temperature, chloride, and specific conductance led to improved quantification of the spatial and temporal variability of stream water exchange with shallow ground water in an alluvial system. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cox, MH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 439,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mhcox@usgs.gov; gwsu@lbl.gov; jconstan@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00276.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 140PP UT WOS:000244518200011 PM 17335483 ER PT J AU Lorenz, DL Delin, GN AF Lorenz, David L. Delin, Geoffrey N. TI A regression model to estimate regional ground water recharge SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID WESTERN MURRAY BASIN; LAND; RECORDS AB A regional regression model was developed to estimate the spatial distribution of ground water recharge in subhumid regions. The regional regression recharge (RRR) model was based on a regression of basin-wide estimates of recharge from surface water drainage basins, precipitation, growing degree days (GDD), and average basin specific yield (SY). Decadal average recharge, precipitation, and GDD were used in the RRR model. The RRR estimates were derived from analysis of stream base flow using a computer program that was based on the Rorabaugh method. As expected, there was a strong correlation between recharge and precipitation. The model was applied to statewide data in Minnesota. Where precipitation was least in the western and northwestern parts of the state (50 to 65 cm/year), recharge computed by the RRR model also was lowest (0 to 5 cm/year). A strong correlation also exists between recharge and SY. SY was least in areas where glacial lake clay occurs, primarily in the northwest part of the state; recharge estimates in these areas were in the 0- to 5-cm/year range. In sand-plain areas where SY is greatest, recharge estimates were in the 15- to 29-cm/year range on the basis of the RRR model. Recharge estimates that were based on the RRR model compared favorably with estimates made on the basis of other methods. The RRR model can be applied in other subhumid regions where region wide data sets of precipitation, streamflow, GDD, and soils data are available. C1 US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. RP Lorenz, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2280 Woodale Dr, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. EM lorenz@usgs.gov; delin@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 196 EP 208 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00273.x PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 140PP UT WOS:000244518200012 PM 17335484 ER PT J AU Masterson, JP Garabedian, SP AF Masterson, John P. Garabedian, Stephen P. TI Effects of sea-level rise on ground water flow in a coastal aquifer system SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB The effects of sea-level rise on the depth to the fresh water/salt water interface were simulated by using a density-dependent, three-dimensional numerical ground water flow model for a simplified hypothetical fresh water lens that is similar to shallow, coastal aquifers found along the Atlantic coast of the United States. Simulations of sea-level rise of 2.65 mm/year from 1929 to 2050 resulted in an increase in water levels relative to a fixed datum, yet a net decrease in water levels relative to the increased sea-level position. The net decrease in water levels was much greater near a gaining stream than farther from the stream. The difference in the change in water levels is attributed to the dampening effect of the stream on water level changes in response to sea-level rise. In response to the decreased water level altitudes relative to local sea level, the depth to the fresh water/salt water interface decreased. This reduction in the thickness of the fresh water lens varied throughout the aquifer and was greatly affected by proximity to a ground water fed stream and whether the stream was tidally influenced. Away from the stream, the thickness of the fresh water lens decreased by about 2% from 1929 to 2050, whereas the fresh water lens thickness decreased by about 22% to 31% for the same period near the stream, depending on whether the stream was tidally influenced. The difference in the change in the fresh water/salt water interface position is controlled by the difference in the net decline in water levels relative to local sea level. C1 US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. US Geol Survey, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Masterson, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 10 Bearfoot Rd, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. EM jpmaster@usgs.gov; sgarabed@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 209 EP 217 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00279.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 140PP UT WOS:000244518200013 PM 17335485 ER PT J AU Dutra, D Stewart, SL Kauth, J Johnson, TR Philman, N Kane, ME Richardson, L AF Dutra, D. Stewart, S. L. Kauth, J. Johnson, T. R. Philman, N. Kane, M. E. Richardson, L. TI Asymbiotic seed germination of the threatened orchid Bletia puipurea in Florida. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Florida Panther Natl Wildlife Refuge, Naples, FL 34114 USA. EM ddutra@ufl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 43 SU S BP S45 EP S45 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 187UF UT WOS:000247873400114 ER PT J AU Stewart, SL Johnson, TR Dutra, D Kane, ME Richardson, L AF Stewart, S. L. Johnson, T. R. Dutra, D. Kane, M. E. Richardson, L. TI Asymbiotic and symbiotic seed genuination of Eulophia alta (Orchidaceae) - Preliminary evidence for symbiotic culture efficiency. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Florida Panther Natl Wildlife Refuge, Naples, FL 34114 USA. EM slstewar@ufl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 43 SU S BP S43 EP S43 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 187UF UT WOS:000247873400107 ER PT J AU Rodgers, JE Mahin, SA Celebi, M AF Rodgers, Janise E. Mahin, Stephen A. Celebi, Mehmet TI Proposed approaches to fracture damage detection for sparsely instrumented steel moment-framed buildings SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STEEL STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT United States-Korea Joint Workshop on Smart Structures Technology for Steel Structures CY NOV 16-18, 2006 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Soc Steel Construct, Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Smart Infrastructures Technol Ctr DE moment resisting frames; damage detection; fracture; seismic behavior ID NEURAL-NETWORKS; IDENTIFICATION; EARTHQUAKES AB Several recent earthquakes, most notably the 1994 Northridge, California and 1995 Kobe, Japan earthquakes, caused significant damage to steel moment-framed buildings, including brittle fractures at beam-to-column connections. In a number of Los Angeles-area buildings strongly shaken by the Northridge earthquake, numerous connection fractures resulted in little non-structural damage or other visible evidence, and were thus not revealed by standard post-earthquake walk-through visual inspections. As a result, significantly more costly and time-consuming intrusive inspections involving the removal of interior finishes are Currently required for post-earthquake detection of connection fractures. Due to the time required to conduct intrusive inspections, methods that provide information on potential connection fracture damage very soon after an earthquake can give owners valuable information. This paper describes research exploring the effects of connection fractures on building's dynamic response and the possibilities for using fracture-induced changes in dynamic response to detect damage. Fracture damage causes several specific structural responses, such as sudden changes in local stiffness and deflected shape, sudden changes in global acceleration and a Sudden release of energy in the form of elastic waves. These responses can be used to develop new methods specifically for fracture damage detection. This paper proposes two related approaches based oil the effects of fractures on global accelerations. Connection fractures were observed to cause high-frequency, transient signals in global accelerations in shaking table experiments and analytical simulations, and the proposed approaches seek to detect such signals in recorded accelerations from real buildings. The proposed approaches show promise when tested using the limited strong shaking data available from sparsely instrumented steel moment-framed buildings that experienced the Northridge earthquake. C1 [Rodgers, Janise E.] GeoHazards Int, Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA. [Mahin, Stephen A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Celebi, Mehmet] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rodgers, JE (reprint author), GeoHazards Int, 200 Town & Country Village, Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA. EM rodgers@geohaz.org NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU KOREAN SOC STEEL CONSTRUCTION-KSSC PI SEOUL PA 106-18 MUNJUNG-DONG, SONGPA-KU, SEOUL, 138-200, SOUTH KOREA SN 1598-2351 J9 INT J STEEL STRUCT JI Int. J. Steel Struct. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 291RQ UT WOS:000255214900002 ER PT J AU Hoeft, SE Blum, JS Stolz, JF Tabita, FR Witte, B King, GM Santini, JM Oremland, RS AF Hoeft, Shelley E. Blum, Jodi Switzer Stolz, John F. Tabita, F. Robert Witte, Brian King, Gary M. Santini, Joanne M. Oremland, Ronald S. TI Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii sp nov., a novel, arsenite-oxidizing haloalkaliphilic gammaproteobacterium capable of chemoautotrophic or heterotrophic growth with nitrate or oxygen as the electron acceptor SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONO LAKE; GEN. NOV.; OXIDATION; CALIFORNIA; BACTERIA; REDUCTION; SELENIUM; OXIDASE; CYCLE AB A facultative chemoautotrophic bacterium, strain MLHE-1(T), was isolated from Mono Lake, an alkaline hypersaline soda lake in California, USA. Cells of strain MLHE-1(T) were Gram-negative, short motile rods that grew with inorganic electron donors (arsenite, hydrogen, sulfide or thiosulfate) coupled with the reduction of nitrate to nitrite. No aerobic growth was attained with arsenite or sulfide, but hydrogen sustained both aerobic and anaerobic growth. No growth occurred when nitrite or nitrous oxide was substituted for nitrate. Heterotrophic growth was observed under aerobic and anaerobic (nitrate) conditions. Cells of strain MLHE-1(T) could oxidize but not grow on CO, while CH(4) neither supported growth nor was it oxidized. When grown chemoautotrophically, strain MLHE-1(T) assimilated inorganic carbon via the Calvin-Benson-Bassham reductive pentose phosphate pathway, with the activity of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO) functioning optimally at 0.1 M NaCl and at pH 7.3. Strain MLHE-1T grew over broad ranges of pH (7.12-10.0; optimum, 9.3), salinity (115-190 gl(-1); optimum 30 gl(-1)) and temperature (13-40 degrees C; optimum, 30 degrees C). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain MLHE-1(T) in the class Gammaproteobacteria (family Ectothiorhodospiraceae) and most closely related to Alkalispirillum mobile (98.5%) and Alkalilimnicola halodurans (98.6%), although none of these thrE e haloalkaliphilic micro-organisms were capable of photoautotrophic growth and only strain MLHE-1(T) was able to oxidize As(III). On the basis of physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, it is suggested that strain MLHE-1(T) represents a novel species within the genus Alkalilimnicola for which the name Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii is proposed. The type strain is MLHE-1(T) (= DSM 17681(T) = ATCC BAA-1101(T)). Aspects of the annotated full genome of Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii are discussed in the light of its physiology. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. UCL, Dept Biol, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 480, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM roremlan@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 19 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 57 BP 504 EP 512 DI 10.1099/ijs.064576-0 PN 3 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 149SX UT WOS:000245168000011 PM 17329775 ER PT J AU Widdowson, M Mendez, E Chapelle, F AF Widdowson, Mark Mendez, Eduardo, III Chapelle, Francis TI Estimating cleanup times for groundwater contamination remediation strategies SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC USA. RP Widdowson, M (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM mwiddows@vt.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 99 IS 3 BP 40 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 147BN UT WOS:000244978500013 ER PT J AU Mendelsohn, MB Boarman, WI Fisher, RN Hathaway, SA AF Mendelsohn, M. B. Boarman, W. I. Fisher, R. N. Hathaway, S. A. TI Diversity of terrestrial avifauna in response to distance from the shoreline of the Salton Sea SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE alkali sink; allochthonous input; bottom-up process; Colorado Desert; land-sca interface; point count; vegetation cover ID ECOSYSTEM AB Large aquatic bodies influence surrounding terrestrial ecosystems by providing water and nutrients. In and landscapes, the increased primary productivity that results may greatly enhance vertebrate biodiversity. The Salton Sea, a large saline lake in the Colorado Desert of southern California, provides nutrients in the form of hundreds of thousands of dead fish carcasses, brine flies, and chemical compounds through windborne salt sea spray. We performed point counts for landbirds and shorebirds monthly or every other month between March 2001 and February 2002 across a sampling grid of 35 points along the west edge of Salton Sea. We found that avian diversity (numbers of species and numbers per species) was dependent on proximity to the Sea. Diversity was at a maximum nearest the shore, and was significantly lower away from the Sea's edge, at all surveyed distances up to I km from the shore. Cover by the dominant shrubs on the study site also corresponded to proximity to the water's edge. Whereas one may hypothesize that the avian diversity patterns are caused by these differences in vegetation structure, our data did not support this. Future studies should further investigate this potential correlation between vegetation and bird patterns. Until more is understood about the relationship between elevated avian diversity and the physical environment of the land-shore interface, our results suggest that the Sea's surface be stabilized near its present level. Future management schemes at the Salton Sea that include reductions of water sources Should be carefully analyzed, so as to not jeopardize the terrestrial avifauna at this unique ecosystem. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USGS, BRD, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, CA USA. RP Mendelsohn, MB (reprint author), USGS, BRD, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, CA USA. EM mmendelsohn@usgs.gov; boarman@cox.net NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 68 IS 4 BP 574 EP 587 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.07.012 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 126IA UT WOS:000243505400006 ER PT J AU Mulcahy, DM Burek, KA Esler, D AF Mulcahy, Daniel M. Burek, K. A. Esler, Daniel TI Inflammatory reaction to fabric collars from percutaneous antennas attached to intracoelomic radio transmitters implanted in harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY LA English DT Article DE implant; antenna; antenna collar; radio transmitter; avian; sea duck; harlequin duck; Histrionicus histrionicus ID WILD MALLARDS; SATELLITE TRANSMITTERS; PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS; SPECTACLED EIDERS; CAPTIVE MALLARDS; WINTER SURVIVAL; AT-SEA; REPRODUCTION; CANVASBACKS; RADIOTRANSMITTERS AB In wild birds implanted intracoelomically with radio transmitters, a synthetic fabric collar placed around the base of a percutaneous antenna is believed to function as a barrier to contamination of the coelom. We examined 13 fabric collars recovered from percutaneous antennas of radio transmitters implanted intracoelomically in harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) 12 months earlier. Both the transmitters and antenna collars were encapsulated in fibrous connective tissue, with adhesions to internal organs. Histologically, bacteria were evident at the fabric-plastic interface in 8 of 10 collars examined in cross section and along the length of the collar in 3 collars examined longitudinally. Bacteria were confined within the fibrotic sheath surrounding the transmitter and the antenna collar in all birds. No evidence of chronic systemic effects secondary to implantation was present on hematologic or serum biochemical testing. These findings indicate that antenna collars do not prevent the entry of bacteria along the percutaneous antenna but may help stabilize the antenna and minimize coelomic contamination. We conclude that radio transmitters implanted into the coelom of harlequin ducks do not appear to cause significant health problems for at least 1 year after implantation. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Alaska Vet Pathol Serv, Eagle River, AK 99577 USA. RP Mulcahy, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC AVIAN VETERINARIANS PI BOCA RATON PA PO BOX 811720, BOCA RATON, FL 33481 USA SN 1082-6742 J9 J AVIAN MED SURG JI J. Avian Med. Surg. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1647/1082-6742(2007)21[13:IRTFCF]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 161IM UT WOS:000246008100003 PM 18069168 ER PT J AU Royle, JA Dorazio, RM Link, WA AF Royle, J. Andrew Dorazio, Robert M. Link, William A. TI Analysis of multinomial models with unknown index using data augmentation SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE capture-recapture; multiple lists; Rasch model; population size estimation; site-occupancy; species richness; zero-inflation ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; HETEROGENEOUS DETECTION PROBABILITIES; POPULATION-SIZE; CLOSED POPULATION; MIXTURE-MODELS; CATCHABILITY; DEPENDENCE; RATES AB Multinomial models with unknown index ("sample size") arise in many practical settings. In practice, Bayesian analysis of such models has proved difficult because the dimension of the parameter space is not fixed, being in some cases a function of the unknown index. We describe a data augmentation approach to the analysis of this class of models that provides for a generic and efficient Bayesian implementation. Under this approach, the data are augmented with all-zero detection histories. The resulting augmented dataset is modeled as a zero-inflated version of the complete-data model where an estimable zero-inflation parameter takes the place of the unknown multinomial index. Interestingly, data augmentation can be justified as being equivalent to imposing a discrete uniform prior on the multinomial index. We provide three examples involving estimating the size of an animal population, estimating the number of diabetes cases in a population using the Rasch model, and the motivating example of estimating the number of species in an animal community with latent probabilities of species occurrence and detection. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov; bdorazio@usgs.gov; wlink@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 41 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA SN 1061-8600 EI 1537-2715 J9 J COMPUT GRAPH STAT JI J. Comput. Graph. Stat. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 67 EP 85 DI 10.1198/106186007X181425 PG 19 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 145QA UT WOS:000244878400004 ER PT J AU Duff, JH Jackman, AP Triska, FJ Sheibley, RW Avanzino, RJ AF Duff, John H. Jackman, Alan P. Triska, Frank J. Sheibley, Richard W. Avanzino, Ronald J. TI Nitrate retention in riparian ground water at natural and elevated nitrate levels in north central Minnesota SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID HYPORHEIC ZONE; COASTAL-PLAIN; DENITRIFICATION; STREAM; FOREST; DYNAMICS; RIVER; NITROGEN; FATE; NITRIFICATION AB The relationship between local ground water flows and NO(3)(-) transport to the channel was examined in three well transects from a natural, wooded riparian zone adjacent to the Shingobee River, MN. The hillslope ground water originated as recharge from intermittently grazed pasture up slope of the site. In the hillslope transect perpendicular to the stream, ground water NO(3)(-) concentrations decreased from similar to 3 mg N L(-1) beneath the ridge (80 m from the channel) to 0.01 to 1.0 mg N L(-1) at wells 1 to 3 m from the channel. The Cl(-) concentrations and NO(3)/Cl ratios decreased toward the channel indicating NO(3)(-) dilution and biotic retention. In the bankside well transect parallel to the stream, two distinct ground water environments were observed: an alluvial environment upstream of a relict beaver dam influenced by stream water and a hillslope environment downstream of the relict beaver dam. Nitrate was elevated to levels representative of agricultural runoff in a third well transect located similar to 5 m from the stream to assess the effectiveness of the riparian zone as a NO(3)(-) sink. Subsurface NO(3)(-) injections revealed transport of up to 15 mg N L-1 was nearly conservative in the alluvial riparian environment. Addition of glucose stimulated dissolved oxygen uptake and promoted NO(3)(-) retention under both background and elevated NO(3)(-) levels in summer and winter. Disappearance of added NO(3)(-) was followed by transient NO(2)(-) formation and, in the presence of C(2)H(2), by N(2)O formation, demonstrating potential denitrification. Under current land use, most NO(3)(-) associated with local ground water is biotically retained or diluted before reaching the channel. However, elevating NO(3)(-) levels through agricultural cultivation would likely result in increased NO(3)(-) transport to the channel. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Duff, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 439, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhduff@usgs.gov OI Sheibley, Richard/0000-0003-1627-8536 NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 343 EP 353 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0019 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 147BV UT WOS:000244979300001 PM 17255621 ER PT J AU Hogan, DM Walbridge, MR AF Hogan, Dianna M. Walbridge, Mark R. TI Best management practices for nutrient and sediment retention in urban stormwater runoff SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY IMPROVEMENT; PHOSPHORUS SATURATION; FORESTED WETLANDS; PHOSPHATE SORPTION; ARABLE SOILS; ALUMINUM; ECOLOGY; IMPACTS; IRON; DISSOLUTION AB Stormwater management infrastructure is utilized in urban areas to alleviate flooding caused by decreased landscape permeability from increased impervious surface cover (ISC) construction. In this study, we examined two types of stormwater detention basins, SDB-BMPs (stormwater detention basin-best management practice), and SDB-FCs (stormwater detention basin-flood control). Both are constructed to retain peak stormwater flows for flood mitigation. However, the SDB-BMPs are also designed using basin topography and wetland vegetation to provide water quality improvement (nutrient and sediment removal and retention). The objective of this study was to compare SDB (both SDB-BMP and SDB-FC) surface soil P concentrations, P saturation, and Fe chemistry with natural riparian wetlands (RWs), using sites in Fairfax County, Virginia as a model system. The SDB-BMPs had significantly greater surface soil total P (Pt) concentrations than the RWs and SDB-FCs (831.9 +/- 32.5 kg ha(-1), 643.3 +/- 19.1 kg ha(-1), and 652.1 +/- 18.8 kg ha(-1), respectively). The soil P sorption capacities of SDB-BMPs were similar to the RWs, and were greater than those of SDB-FCs, appearing to result in greater soil P removal and retention in SDB-BMPs compared with SDB-FCs. Increased Fe concentrations and relatively greater amounts of more crystalline forms of Fe in SDB-BMP soils suggested increased sediment deposition compared with RW and SDB-FC soils. Data suggest that SDB nutrient and sediment retention is facilitated in SDB-BMPs. When stormwater management is necessary, use of SDB-BMPs instead of SDB-FCs could foster more responsible urban development and be an appropriate mitigation action for receiving aquatic ecosystems. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Hogan, DM (reprint author), USGS, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MSN 521, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dhogan@usgs.gov NR 80 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 13 U2 75 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 386 EP 395 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0142 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 147BV UT WOS:000244979300006 PM 17255626 ER PT J AU Grabowski, TB Isely, JJ AF Grabowski, T. B. Isely, J. J. TI Spatial and temporal segregation of spawning habitat by catostomids in the Savannah River, Georgia and South Carolina, USA SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Catostomidae; habitat segregation; nest site superimposition; regulated rivers; spawning aggregation ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; MOXOSTOMA-VALENCIENNESI; SUCKERS CATOSTOMIDAE; SUSQUEHANNA RIVER; GREATER REDHORSE; ROBUST REDHORSE; SITE SELECTION; SALMO-TRUTTA AB Spawning aggregations of five species of catostomids were observed on the two mid-channel gravel bars of the Savannah River, Georgia and South Carolina, in 2004 and 2005 to assess the degree of spatial and temporal overlap in the use of this habitat and determine the habitat preferences leading to segregation. Spawning catostomids showed a considerable amount of temporal overlap in their use of these mid-channel gravel bars. The observed temporal overlap was consistent between 2004 and 2005 and corresponded to temperatures at which species were present. The distribution of catostomids was not uniform at the upstream gravel bar. Carpsuckers Carpiodes sp., spotted sucker Minytrema melanops and robust redhorse Morostoma robustum both demonstrated some spatial overlap with notchlip redhorse Moxostoma collapsum; however. their overall distributions were different from one another. Northern hogsucker Hypentelium nigricans was present across the gravel bars, apparently as an egg predator. Spawning catostomids segregated based on flow, depth, slope and substratum size. Whether due to limited habitat availability or changes in the timing of reproduction due to altered cues, temporal and spatial overlap occurs between spawning catostomids despite the apparent partitioning of available spawning habitat. It is unclear, however, if this overlap results in excessive mortality in the early life-history stages of these species. Results suggest spatial overlap among catostomid species was minimized due to species spawning in areas within a narrow range of conditions. Intraspecific interactions such as nest site superimposition or disturbance may be a concern. (c) 2007 The Authors. Journal compilation (c) 2007 The Fisheries society of the British Isles. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Grabowski, TB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM tgrabow@uga.edu NR 58 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 70 IS 3 BP 782 EP 798 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01341.x PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 154ZI UT WOS:000245546900009 ER PT J AU Mazur, MM Wilson, MT Dougherty, AB Buchheister, A Beauchamp, DA AF Mazur, M. M. Wilson, M. T. Dougherty, A. B. Buchheister, A. Beauchamp, D. A. TI Temperature and prey quality effects on growth of juvenile walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas): a spatially explicit bioenergetics approach SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioenergetics; energy budgets; food consumption; model evaluation; prey energy content; spatially explicit growth ID SIMULATED WINTER CONDITIONS; WESTERN GULF; DAILY RATION; BODY-SIZE; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; SYSTEMATIC-ERROR; LARGEMOUTH BASS; ENERGY STORES; ALASKA; MODEL AB A bioenergetics model for juvenile age-0 year walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma was applied to a spatially distinct grid of samples in the western Gulf of Alaska to investigate the influence of temperature and prey quality on size-specific growth. Daily growth estimates for 50, 70 and 90 mm standard length (L-S) walleye pollock during September 2000 were generated using the bioenergetics model with a fixed ration size. Similarities in independent estimates of prey consumption generated from the bioenergetics model and a gastric evacuation model corroborated the performance of the bioenergetics model, concordance correlation (r(C)) = 0945, lower 95% CL (transformed) (L-1) = 0834, upper 95% CL (transformed) (L-2) = 0982. P < 0.001. A mean squared error analysis (M-SE) was also used to partition the sources of error between both model estimates of consumption into a mean component (M-C), slope component (S-C). and random component (R-C). Differences between estimates of daily consumption were largely due to differences in the means of estimates (M-C = 0.45) and random sources (R-C = 0.49) of error, and not differences in slopes (S-C = 0.06). Similarly, daily growth estimates of 0.031-0.167 g day(-1) generated from the bioenergetics model was within the range of growth estimates of 0.026-0.190 g day(-1) obtained from otolith analysis of juvenile walleye pollock. Temperature and prey quality alone accounted for 66% of the observed variation between bioenergetics and otolith growth estimates across all sizes of juvenile walleye pollock. These results suggest that the bioenergetics model for juvenile walleye pollock is a useful tool for evaluating the influence of spatially variable habitat conditions on the growth potential of juvenile walleye pollock. (c) 2007 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Akaska Fusheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aqyuat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mazur, MM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Box 357941, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mazurm@u.washington.edu NR 44 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 70 IS 3 BP 816 EP 836 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01344.x PG 21 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 154ZI UT WOS:000245546900011 ER PT J AU Palic, D Helland, L Pedersend, BR Pribil, JR Grajeda, RM Loan-Wilsey, AK Pierce, CL AF Palic, Dusan Helland, Lisa Pedersend, Bonnie R. Pribil, Jeromy R. Grajeda, Rosa M. Loan-Wilsey, Anna K. Pierce, Clay L. TI Fish assemblages of the upper Little Sioux River basin, Iowa, USA: Relationships with stream size and comparison with historical assemblages SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC SEINE; COMMUNITIES AB We characterized the fish assemblages in second to fifth order streams of the upper Little Sioux River basin in northwest Iowa, USA and compared our results with historical surveys. The fish assemblage consisted of over twenty species, was dominated numerically by creek chub, sand shiner, central stoneroller and other cyprinids, and was dominated in biomass by common carp. Most of the species and the great majority of all individuals present were at least moderately tolerant to environmental degradation, and biotic integrity at most sites was characterized as fair. Biotic integrity declined with increasing stream size, and degraded habitat in larger streams is a possible cause. No significant changes in species richness or the relative distribution of species' tolerance appear to have occurred since the 1930s. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa Lakeside Lab, Milford, IA 51351 USA. Iowa State Univ, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Palic, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dulep@iastate.edu RI Palic, Dusan/C-9500-2009 OI Palic, Dusan/0000-0002-2980-821X NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1080/02705060.2007.9664147 PG 11 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 137XF UT WOS:000244325600009 ER PT J AU Romanyuk, T Mooney, WD Detweiler, S AF Romanyuk, Tanya Mooney, Walter D. Detweiler, Shane TI Two lithospheric profiles across southern California derived from gravity and seismic data SO JOURNAL OF GEODYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Assembly of the European-Union-of-Geosciences CY APR 24-29, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Geosci Union DE southern California; gravity inversion; density-seismic velocity relation ID SAN-GABRIEL MOUNTAINS; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; 1994 NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKES; WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; UPPER CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; VALLEY FORE-ARC; MOJAVE DESERT; UPPER-MANTLE; CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND AB We present two detailed 2-D density transects for the crust and uppermost mantle across southern California using a linear gravity inversion technique. This technique parameterizes the crust and upper mantle as a set of blocks that are based on published geologic and seismic models. Each block can have a range of densities that are constrained where possible by borehole measurements, seismic velocities, and petrologic data. To further constrain the models, it is assumed that the lithosphere is close to isostatic equilibrium at both ends of the profiles, in the deep ocean and east of the Mojave Desert. We calculate the lithostatic pressure variations field for the whole cross section to rule out the geophysically insignificant solutions. In the linear equation, rho = a + bV (V, seismic P-wave velocity; p, density), which approximates the mantle density-velocity (rho-V) relationship, different coefficients for b were evaluated. Lower coefficients (b < 0.2) correspond to an almost purely thermally perturbed mantle, while higher coefficients (b > 0.3) imply that other effects, such as composition and/or metamorphic changes, play an important role in the mantle. Density models were constructed with the coefficient b ranging from 0 to 0.6. The results indicate that a high b value in the mantle rho-V relationship is associated with less dense crust in the Mojave block and more dense crust in the Catalina schist block. In the less dense Mojave block, the average density of the whole crust is similar to 2.75 g/cm(3) while that of the lower crust is similar to 2.72 g/cm(3). These densities imply a high silica content in the crust, and a minor fraction of basic rock in the lower crust, or perhaps the absence of a basaltic layer altogether. By comparison, the average density of a typical continental stable platform is -2.85 g/cm(3). Models with higher b coefficients (0.5-0.6) are characterized by a large isostatic imbalance. On the other hand, lower b values (0-0.2) require a consolidated whole crust density in the Mojave Desert of -2.78 g/cm(3), and a lower crust density of -2.89 g/cm(3) with mostly basaltic composition. This contradicts the observed, lower V-p/V-s-ratio in the Mojave Desert associated with mostly felsic and rho low-density crust. Models with lower b coefficients (0.1-0.2) are characterized by an absence of local Airy compensation beneath the San Gabriel Mountains at the LARSE- I profile. These, and other non-gravity arguments, suggest optimal solutions to the mantle -V relation of b - 0.2-0.4. This, in turn, means that both thermal and petrological effects occur inside the downwelling of the uppermost mantle high velocity body located beneath the Transverse Ranges. During the development of this mantle downwelling, the basaltic layer of the Mojave block was likely eroded and pulled down into the high velocity body. Those basaltic fragments may have been transformed into eclogites, and this metamorphic change implies a higher b-coefficient density-velocity relationship than would be expected for a purely thermal process. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Earth Phys, Moscow 123180, Russia. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Romanyuk, T (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Earth Phys, B Gruzinskaya 10, Moscow 123180, Russia. EM t.romanyuk@relcom.ru RI Romanyuk, Tatiana/D-4772-2013 NR 96 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0264-3707 J9 J GEODYN JI J. Geodyn. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 274 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.jog.2006.09.011 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 144VL UT WOS:000244824300008 ER PT J AU Walsh, MG Dittman, DE O'Gorman, R AF Walsh, Maureen G. Dittman, Dawn E. O'Gorman, Robert TI Occurrence and food habits of the round goby in the profundal zone of southwestern Lake Ontario SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Neogobius melanostomus; Great Lakes; food web; exotic; invasive; Mysis ID UPPER DETROIT RIVER; NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; GREAT-LAKES; MOTTLED SCULPIN; MYSIS-RELICTA; RAINBOW SMELT; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; COTTUS-COGNATUS; SMALLMOUTH BASS AB Little is known about the ecology of round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), an invasive benthic fish, in the profundal zone of the Great Lakes. In April 2002-2005 we caught increasing numbers of round gobies with a bottom trawl in the 45-150 m depth range of southwestern Lake Ontario. In 2005, we examined gut contents of 30 round gobies from each of three depths, 55, 95, and 130 m, and qualitatively compared gut contents with density of benthic invertebrates determined by Ponar grabs. Round goby guts contained mostly Dreissena spp. and opposum shrimp, Mysis relicta (Mysis); the frequency of occurrence of dreissenids in guts decreased with depth, whereas the frequency of occurrence of Mysis in guts increased with depth. Abundance of these invertebrates in the environment followed the same pattern, although dreissenids of optimum edible size (3-12 mm) were still abundant (1,373/m(2)) at 130 m, where round gobies primarily consumed Mysis, suggesting that round gobies may switch from dreissenids to more profitable prey when it is available. Other food items were ostracods and fish, with ostracods generally eaten by smaller round gobies and fish eaten by larger round gobies. Occurrence and increasing abundance of round gobies in the profundal zone and predation on Mysis by round goby could have far-reaching consequences for the Lake Ontario fish community. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Walsh, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. EM mwalsh@usgs.gov OI Dittman, Dawn/0000-0002-0711-3732 NR 43 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[83:OAFHOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 157BA UT WOS:000245692400007 ER PT J AU Fitzsimons, JD Williston, B Williston, G Brown, L El-Shaarawi, A Vandenbyllaardt, L Honeyfeld, D Tillitt, D Wolgamood, M Brown, SB AF Fitzsimons, John D. Williston, Bill Williston, Georgina Brown, Lisa El-Shaarawi, Abdel Vandenbyllaardt, Lenore Honeyfeld, Dale Tillitt, Don Wolgamood, Martha Brown, Scott B. TI Egg thiamine status of Lake Ontario salmonines 1995-2004 with emphasis on lake trout SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE thiamine; EMS; alewives; lake trout; Lake Ontario ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; SWIM-UP SYNDROME; GREAT-LAKES; FOOD-WEB; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; MICHIGAN; FISH; RESTORATION; DEFICIENCY; PREDATION AB Alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus), the major prey fish for Lake Ontario, contain thiaminase. They are associated with development of a thiamine deficiency in salmonines which greatly increases the potential for developing an early mortality syndrome (EMS). To assess the possible effects of thiamine deficiency on salmonine reproduction we measured egg thiamine concentrations for five species of Lake Ontario salmonines. From this we estimated the proportion of families susceptible to EMS based on whether they were below the ED20, the egg thiamine concentration associated with 20% mortality due to EMS. The ED20s were 1.52, 2.63, and 2.99 nmol/g egg for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), respectively. Based on the proportion of fish having egg thiamine concentrations falling below the ED20, the risk of developing EMS in Lake Ontario was highest for lake trout, followed by coho (O. kisutch), and Chinook salmon, with the least risk for rainbow trout (O. mykiss). For lake trout from western Lake Ontario, mean egg thiamine concentration showed significant annual variability during 1994 to 2003, when the proportion of lake trout at risk of developing EMS based on ED20 ranged between 77 and 100%. Variation in the annual mean egg thiamine concentration for western Lake Ontario lake trout was positively related (p < 0.001, r(2) = 0.94) with indices of annual adult alewife biomass. While suggesting the possible involvement of density-dependent changes in alewives, the changes are small relative to egg thiamine concentrations when alewife are not part of the diet and are of insufficient magnitude to allow for natural reproduction by lake trout. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bayfield Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Prescott, ON K0E 1T0, Canada. Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. USGS, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Wolf Lake Fish Hatchery, Mattawan, MI 49071 USA. RP Fitzsimons, JD (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bayfield Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM fitzsimonsj@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 45 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[93:ETSOLO]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 157BA UT WOS:000245692400008 ER PT J AU Ray, BA Hrabik, TR Ebener, MP Gorman, OT Schreiner, DR Schram, ST Sitar, SP Mattes, WP Bronte, CR AF Ray, Bradley A. Hrabik, Thomas R. Ebener, Mark P. Gorman, Owen T. Schreiner, Donald R. Schram, Stephen T. Sitar, Shawn P. Mattes, William P. Bronte, Charles R. TI Diet and prey selection by Lake Superior lake trout during spring, 1986-2001 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lake trout; diet; Lake Superior; prey selectivity; siscowet ID FISH COMMUNITY; MICHIGAN WATERS; FOOD-WEB; ABUNDANCE; GROWTH; RESTORATION; POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS; MIDWATER; OVERLAP AB We describe the diet and prey selectivity of lean (Salvelinus namaycush namaycush) and siscowet lake trout (S. n. siscowet) collected during spring (April-June) from Lake Superior during 1986-2001. We estimated prey selectivity by comparing prey numerical abundance estimates from spring bottom trawl surveys and lake trout diet information in similar areas from spring gill net surveys conducted annually in Lake Superior. Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) was the most common prey and was positively selected by both lean and siscowet lake trout throughout the study. Selection by lean lake trout for coregonine (Coregonus spp.) prey increased after 1991 and corresponded with a slight decrease in selection for rainbow smelt. Siscowet positively selected for rainbow smelt after 1998, a change that was coincident with the decrease in selection for this prey item by lean lake trout. However, diet overlap between lean and siscowet lake trout was not strong and did not change significantly over the study period. Rainbow smelt remains an important prey species for lake trout in Lake Superior despite declines in abundance. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54812 USA. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bayfield, WI 54814 USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commiss, Odanah, WI 54861 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. RP Ray, BA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Coll Nat Resources, 100 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM baray@vt.edu NR 40 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 20 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 104 EP 113 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[104:DAPSBL]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 157BA UT WOS:000245692400009 ER PT J AU Adlerstein, SA Rutherford, ES Clevenger, JA Johnson, JE Clapp, DF Woldt, AP AF Adlerstein, Sara A. Rutherford, Edward S. Clevenger, John A. Johnson, James E. Clapp, David F. Woldt, Aaron P. TI Lake trout movements in US waters of Lake Huron interpreted from coded wire tag recoveries in recreational fisheries SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lake trout movement; Lake Huron; tags; generalized linear models ID REHABILITATION; SUPERIOR; CATCH AB Lake trout management and restoration make use of age-structured population models that incorporate parameters to represent movement among management areas, and harvest quotas are based on proportions of stocked fish remaining in and moving out of areas of release. We investigated movements of lake trout in U.S. waters of Lake Huron based on spatial and temporal distributions of coded-wire-tag (CWT) recoveries by trip in recreational fisheries using Generalized Linear Models (GLMs). For the analysis, we incorporated as model predictors the area, month, year, and source of CWT recovery, which included reports by charterboat captains, creel-clerk interviews of non-charter anglers, and "headhunter" (CWT collection specialist) samples from charter and non-charter catch. Results indicated that CWT recoveries by trip were lowest from charterboat operators, followed by recoveries from creel clerks (2x captain reports), headhunter non-charter (3x), and headhunter charter (9x). Standardized recovery levels were highest in the management area of release and one area immediately adjacent, with remaining percentages decreasing with distance from release. CWT recovery levels decreased from May to September and suggest seasonal movement among areas that have implications for stock assessment. From standardized recoveries, we estimated that 40% of the CWT lake trout were recaptured in areas where released and others moved north, south, and southeast. Our results indicate that higher proportions of lake trout move out of release areas fish than previously shown and suggest that prior studies may be biased, in part due to lack of standardization among tag recovery sources and ignoring seasonal movements. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Fisheries Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Charlevoix Fisheries Res Stn, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Charlevoix, MI 49720 USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Alpena Fisheries Stn, Alpena, MI 49766 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Fisheries Resources Off, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. RP Adlerstein, SA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Fisheries Res Inst, 3010 Dana, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM adlerste@umich.edu OI Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 186 EP 201 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[186:LTMIUW]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 157BA UT WOS:000245692400016 ER PT J AU Brander, SM Royle, JA Eames, M AF Brander, S. M. Royle, J. A. Eames, M. TI Evaluation of the status of anurans on a refuge in suburban Maryland SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; ABSENCE DATA; CALL SURVEYS; DATA QUALITY; ABUNDANCE; CANADA; ISLAND; TESTS AB Because many anurans have well-defined breeding seasons and male anurans produce loud advertisement calls, surveys of these breeding choruses are believed to provide a dependable means of monitoring population trends. The Patuxent Research Refuge initiated such a calling survey in the spring of 1997, which uses volunteers to collect anuran (frog and toad) calling survey data. The primary goal of initiating the calling surveys at the Patuxent Refuge was to obtain baseline information on anuran populations, such as species occurrence, frequency of occurrence, and relative abundance over time. In this paper, we used the calling survey data to develop models for the "proportion of area occupied" by individual anuran species, a method in which analysis is focused on the proportion of sites that are occupied by a species, instead of the number of individuals present in the population. This type of analysis is ideal for use in large-scale monitoring programs focused on species that are difficult to count, such as anurans or birds. We considered models for proportion of area occupied that allow for imperfect detection (that is, a species may be present but go undetected during sampling) by incorporating parameters that describe detection probability and the response of detection probability to various environmental and sampling covariates. Our results indicate that anuran populations on the Patuxent Research Refuge have high rates of occupancy compared to areas nearby and that extinction and colonization rates are stable. The potential uses for "proportion of area occupied" analyses are far-reaching and will allow for more accurate quantification of data and better-informed management decisions for calling surveys on a larger scale. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Patuxent Res Refuge, Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Brander, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Pharmacol & Toxicol Grad Grp, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM brander@westonsolutions.com OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[52:EOTSOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 151AW UT WOS:000245261700007 ER PT J AU Mazzotti, FJ Brandt, LA Moler, P Cherkiss, MS AF Mazzotti, Frank J. Brandt, Laura A. Moler, Paul Cherkiss, Michael S. TI American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) in Florida: Recommendations for endangered species recovery and ecosystem restoration SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NESTING BIOLOGY; BAY; CONSERVATION; REPTILES; BALANCE; PLANS; EGGS AB When the American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) was declared endangered in 1975, scant data were available for making management decisions. Results of intensive studies conducted during the late 1970s and early 1980s by the National Park Service, Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, and Florida Power and Light Company resulted in an optimistic outlook for crocodiles. However, new issues face crocodiles today. Florida and Biscayne bays have undergone changes that have caused concern for the health of these ecosystems. The purpose of this paper is to review results of monitoring programs for C. acutus that have been used as a basis for consideration of reclassification of this endangered species and for restoration of its endangered ecosystem. More crocodiles and nests occur in more places today than in 1975. The maximum number of nesting females in Florida has increased from 20 in 1975 to 85 in 2004, and the number of concentrations of nesting effort from two to four. This evidence supports the proposed reclassification of the American Crocodile from endangered to threatened. However, crocodiles are still threatened by modification of habitat because of development adjacent to crocodile habitat and will benefit from restored freshwater flow into estuaries. As crocodiles continue to increase in number and expand into new areas, interactions with humans will occur more frequently. The challenge of integrating a recovering population of the American Crocodile with an ever-increasing use of coastal areas by humans will be the final challenge in successful recovery of this once critically endangered species. C1 Arthur R Marshall Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refug, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Boynton Beach, FL 33437 USA. Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Wildlife Res Lab, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Mazzotti, FJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM fjma@ufl.edu; laura_brandt@fws.gov; paul.moler@MyFWC.com NR 48 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 36 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 122 EP 132 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[122:ACCAIF]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 151AW UT WOS:000245261700015 ER PT J AU Pearl, CA Bull, EL Green, DE Bowerman, J Adams, MJ Hyatt, A Wente, WH AF Pearl, Christopher A. Bull, Evelyn L. Green, David E. Bowerman, Jay Adams, Michael J. Hyatt, Alex Wente, Wendy H. TI Occurrence of the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in the Pacific Northwest SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; BULLFROGS RANA-CATESBEIANA; YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; CHYTRID FUNGUS; POPULATION DECLINES; PROTECTED AREAS; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; COMMUNITIES; MORTALITY; ORIGIN AB Chytridiomycosis (infection by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) has been associated with amphibian declines in at least four continents. We report results of disease screens from 210 pond-breeding amphibians from 37 field sites in Oregon and Washington. We detected B. dendrobatidis on 28% of sampled amphibians, and we found 1 detection of B. dendrobatidis from 43% of sites. Four of seven species tested positive for B. dendrobatidis, including the Northern Red-Legged Frog (Rana aurora), Columbia Spotted Frog (Rana luteiventris), and Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa). We also detected B. dendrobatidis in normative American Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) from six sites in western and central Oregon. Our study and other recently published findings suggest that B. dendrobatidis has few geographic and host taxa limitations among North American anurans. Further research on virulence, transmissibility, persistence, and interactions with other stressors is needed to assess the potential impact of B. dendrobatidis on Pacific Northwestern amphibians. C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Sunriver Nat Ctr, Sunriver, OR 97707 USA. CSIRO, Australian Natl Hlth Lab, Livestock Ind, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. RP Pearl, CA (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM christopher_pearl@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 33 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 26 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 145 EP 149 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[145:OOTAPB]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 151AW UT WOS:000245261700018 ER PT J AU Winters, WJ Waite, WF Mason, DH Gilbert, LY Pecher, IA AF Winters, W. J. Waite, W. F. Mason, D. H. Gilbert, L. Y. Pecher, I. A. TI Methane gas hydrate effect on sediment acoustic and strength properties SO JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc DE acoustic modeling; acoustic velocity; cementation; gas hydrate; physical properties; shear strength AB To improve our understanding of the interaction of methane gas hydrate with host sediment, we studied: (1) the effects of gas hydrate and ice on acoustic velocity in different sediment types, (2) effect of different hydrate formation mechanisms on measured acoustic properties (3) dependence of shear strength on pore space contents, and (4) pore pressure effects during undrained shear. A wide range in acoustic p-wave velocities (Vp) were measured in coarse-grained sediment for different pore space occupants. Vp ranged from less than I km/s for gas-charged sediment to 1.77-1.94 km/s for water-saturated sediment, 2.91-4.00 km/s for sediment with varying degrees of hydrate saturation, and 3.88-4.33 km/s for frozen sediment. Vp measured in fine-grained sediment containing gas hydrate was substantially lower (1.97 km/s). Acoustic models based on measured Vp indicate that hydrate which formed in high gas flux environments can cement coarse-grained sediment, whereas hydrate formed from methane dissolved in the pore fluid may not. The presence of gas hydrate and other solid pore-filling material, such as ice, increased the sediment shear strength. The magnitude of that increase is related to the amount of hydrate in the pore space and cementation characteristics between the hydrate and sediment grains. We have found, that for consolidation stresses associated with the upper several hundred meters of sub-bottom depth, pore pressures decreased during shear in coarse-grained sediment containing gas hydrate, whereas pore pressure in fine-grained sediment typically increased during shear. The presence of free gas in pore spaces damped pore pressure response during shear and reduced the strengthening effect of gas hydrate in sands. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Inst Geol & Nucl Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Winters, WJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM bwinters@usgs.gov RI Pecher, Ingo/D-9379-2012; OI Waite, William/0000-0002-9436-4109 NR 33 TC 75 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4105 J9 J PETROL SCI ENG JI J. Pet. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 56 IS 1-3 BP 127 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.petrol.2006.02.003 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 164MX UT WOS:000246239300015 ER PT J AU Jones, KW Feng, H Tomov, S Winters, WJ Prodanovic, M Mahajan, D AF Jones, Keith W. Feng, Huan Tomov, Stanmire Winters, William J. Prodanovic, Masa Mahajan, Devinder TI Characterization of methane hydrate host sediments using synchrotron-computed microtomography (CMT) SO JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS), ACS, Div Cellulose & Renewable Mat, Akzo Nobel Function Chem, Arch Wood Protect Inc, Ciba Specialty Chem, Eastman Chem Co, ISK Biocides Inc, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Lonza Inc, Merichem Co, FWRC, Mississippi State Univ, Nisus Corp, Osmose Hold Inc, Pibro Tech Inc, US Borax, Rio Tinto Minerals, Sostram Corp, Viance LLC, Weyerhaeuser Co DE methane hydrate; guest-host complexes; host sediments; computed microtomography (CMT) ID 2-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTIONS; PERMEABILITY AB The hydrate-sediment interaction is an important aspect of gas hydrate studies that needs further examination. We describe here the applicability of the computed microtomography (CMT) technique that utilizes an intense X-ray synchrotron source to characterize sediment samples, two at various depths from the Blake Ridge area (a well-known hydrate-prone region) and one from Georges Bank, that once contained methane trapped as hydrates. Detailed results of the tomographic analysis performed on the deepest sample (667 m) from Blake Ridge are presented as 2-D and 3-D images which show several mineral constituents, the internal grain/pore microstructure, and, following segmentation into pore and grain space, a visualization of the connecting pathways through the pore-space of the sediment. Various parameters obtained from the analysis of the CMT data are presented for all three sediment samples. The micro-scale porosity values showed decreasing trend with increasing depth for all three samples that is consistent with the previously reported bulk porosity data. The 3-D morphology, pore-space pathways, porosity, and permeability values are also reported for all three samples. The application of CMT is now being expanded to the laboratory-formed samples of hydrate in sediments as well as field samples of methane hydrate bearing sediments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Lab Earth & Environm Sci, Environm Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Montclair State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Informat Technol Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Mahajan, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dmahajan@bnl.gov RI Prodanovic, Masa/I-6810-2015 OI Prodanovic, Masa/0000-0002-1335-1374 NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4105 EI 1873-4715 J9 J PETROL SCI ENG JI J. Pet. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 56 IS 1-3 BP 136 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.petrol.2006.03.029 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 164MX UT WOS:000246239300016 ER PT J AU Fowler, SJ Spera, F Bohrson, W Belkin, HE De Vivo, B AF Fowler, Sarah J. Spera, Frankj. Bohrson, Wendya. Belkin, Harvey E. De Vivo, Benedetto TI Phase equilibria constraints on the chemical and physical evolution of the campanian ignimbrite SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Review DE assimilation; Campanian Ignimbrite; fractional crystallization; magma dynamics; phase equilibria ID VESUVIUS MAGMA CHAMBER; CAMPI-FLEGREI CALDERA; COMPOSITIONALLY ZONED MAGMA; VOLCANIC ZONE; GRANITIC MAGMAS; RESIDENCE TIMES; LONG VALLEY; NEW-ZEALAND; LIQUID FRACTIONATION; GEOLOGICAL-MATERIALS AB The Campanian Ignimbrite is a > 200 km(3) trachyte-phonolite pyroclastic deposit that erupted at 39.3 +/- 0.1 ka within the Campi Flegrei west of Naples, Italy. Here we test the hypothesis that Campanian Ignimbrite magma was derived by isobaric crystal fractionation of a parental basaltic trachyandesitic melt that reacted and came into local equilibrium with small amounts (5-10 wt%) of crustal rock (skarns and foid-syenites) during crystallization. Comparison of observed crystal and magma compositions with results of phase equilibria assimilation-fractionation simulations (MELTS) is generally very good. Oxygen fugacity was approximately buffered along QFM + 1 (where QFM is the quartz-fayalite-magnetite buffer) during isobaric fractionation at 0.15 GPa (approximate to 6 km depth). The parental melt, reconstructed from melt inclusion and host clinopyroxene compositions, is found to be basaltic trachyandesite liquid (51.1 wt% SiO(2), 9.3 wt% MgO, 3 wt% H(2)O). A significant feature of phase equilibria simulations is the existence of a pseudo-invariant temperature, similar to 883 degrees C, at which the fraction of melt remaining in the system decreases abruptly from similar to 0.5 to < 0.1. Crystallization at the pseudo-invariant point leads to abrupt changes in the composition, properties (density, dissolved water content), and physical state (viscosity, volume fraction fluid) of melt and magma. A dramatic decrease in melt viscosity (from 1700 Pa s to similar to 200 Pa s), coupled with a change in the volume fraction of water in magma (from similar to 0.1 to 0.8) and a dramatic decrease in melt and magma density acted as a destabilizing eruption trigger. Thermal models suggest a timescale of similar to 200 kyr from the beginning of fractionation until eruption, leading to an apparent rate of evolved magma generation of about 10(-3) km(3)/year. In situ crystallization and crystal settling in density-stratified regions, as well as in convectively mixed, less evolved subjacent magma, operate rapidly enough to match this apparent volumetric rate of evolved magma production. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Crustal Studies, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA USA. Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-80134 Naples, Italy. RP Fowler, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM fowler@umail.ucsb.edu OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 138 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 48 IS 3 BP 459 EP 493 DI 10.1093/petrology/egl068 PG 35 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 139KQ UT WOS:000244431100002 ER PT J AU Tingay, RE Culver, M Watson, RT AF Tingay, Ruth E. Culver, Melanie Watson, Richard T. TI Using molecular sexing to assess field-based sexing techniques in the Madagascar Fish-Eagle SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Madagascar Fish-Eagle; Haliaeetus vociferoides; copulatory position; mass; molecular sexing; polyandrous; sexual dimorphism ID GYPAETUS-BARBATUS; BEHAVIOR; VULTURES; RAPTORS; BIRDS; OWLS; DNA C1 Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Peregrine Func, Boise, ID 83709 USA. RP Tingay, RE (reprint author), Nat Res Ltd, Burn OBennie Rd, Banchory AB31 5ZU, Kincardine, Scotland. EM dimlylit100@hotmail.com NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 45 EP 49 DI 10.3356/0892-1016(2007)41[45:UMSTAF]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 174LS UT WOS:000246944300007 ER PT J AU Roberts, BJ Mulholland, PJ Houser, AN AF Roberts, Brian J. Mulholland, Patrick J. Houser, Jeffrey N. TI Effects of upland disturbance and instream restoration on hydrodynamics and ammonium uptake in headwater streams SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE catchment disturbance; stream restoration; hydrodynamics; transient storage; nutrient uptake; ammonium; coarse woody debris; military reservation ID NUTRIENT ADDITION EXPERIMENTS; TRANSIENT STORAGE ZONES; BENTHIC ORGANIC-MATTER; MEDITERRANEAN STREAM; PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE; DEBRIS DAMS; PHOSPHATE RETENTION; PARTICULATE MATTER; RIVER RESTORATION; MOUNTAIN STREAMS AB Delivery of water, sediments, nutrients, and organic matter to stream ecosystems is strongly influenced by the catchment of the stream and can be altered greatly by upland soil and vegetation disturbance. At the Fort Benning Military Installation (near Columbus, Georgia), spatial variability in intensity of military training results in a wide range of intensities of upland disturbance in stream catchments. A set of 8 streams in catchments spanning this upland disturbance gradient was selected for investigation of the impact of disturbance intensity on hydrodynamics and nutrient uptake. The size of transient storage zones and rates of NH4+ uptake in all study streams were among the lowest reported in the literature. Upland disturbance did not appear to influence stream hydrodynamics strongly, but it caused significant decreases in instream nutrient uptake. In October 2003, coarse woody debris (CWD) was added to (2)/(1) of the study streams (spanning the disturbance gradient) in an attempt to increase hydrodynamic and structural complexity, with the goals of enhancing biotic habitat and increasing nutrient uptake rates. CWD additions had positive short-term (within 1 mo) effects on hydrodynamic complexity (water velocity decreased and transient Storage zone cross-sectional area, relative size of the transient storage zone, fraction of the median travel time attributable to transient storage over a standardized length of 200 m, and the hydraulic retention factor increased) and nutrient uptake (NH4+ uptake rates increased). Our results suggest that water quality in streams with intense upland disturbances can be improved by enhancing instream biotic nutrient uptake capacity through measures such as restoring stream CWD. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Roberts, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM robertsbj@ornl.gov; mulhollandpj@ornl.gov; jhouser@usgs.gov RI Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; OI Houser, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3295-3132 NR 79 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 7 U2 34 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 38 EP 53 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2007)26[38:EOUDAI]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 132RU UT WOS:000243960700005 ER PT J AU Kesler, DH Newton, TJ Green, L AF Kesler, David H. Newton, Teresa J. Green, Linda TI Long-term monitoring of growth in the Eastern Elliptio, Elliptio complanata (Bivalvia : Unionidae), in Rhode Island: a transplant experiment SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE unionid mussels; growth cessation; transplant experiment; long-term monitoring; food limitation; water quality; Elliptio complanata; Rhode Island ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; ENERGY ALLOCATION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; RIVER; POPULATIONS; STREAM; MODEL; RATES; CLAM AB The lengths of marked specimens of the freshwater mussel, Eastern Elliptio (Elliptio complanata [Lightfoot 1786]), were monitored annually in 3 lakes in Rhode Island, USA, from 1991 to 2005. Mussels growing in Worden Pond showed a change in mean shell length of only 4.3 mm over 14 y, whereas mussel growth in 2 nearby lakes was 3 to 8X greater than growth in Worden Pond over the same time period. L-x, the length at which shell growth stops, was significantly different (p < 0.001) among lakes and ranged from 60.5 to 87.4 mm. Transplant experiments revealed that mussels moved to Worden Pond stopped growing, whereas mussels moved from Worden Pond to the 2 other lakes grew at rates similar to the rates observed for resident mussels in the 2 lakes. Standard water-quality measures did not explain the observed growth cessation and lower condition indices of mussels in Worden Pond. Our growth data are consistent with food limitation. The consistent slow growth of E. complanata in Worden Pond, without high mortality, and its ability to increase growth when placed in environments more favorable than Worden Pond, suggests both growth plasticity and longevity in these animals. C1 Rhodes Coll, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38112 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Coastal Inst, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Kesler, DH (reprint author), Rhodes Coll, Dept Biol, 2000 N Pkwy, Memphis, TN 38112 USA. EM kesler@rhodes.edu; tnewton@usgs.gov; lgreen@uri.edu OI Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2007)26[123:LMOGIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 132RU UT WOS:000243960700012 ER PT J AU Schmid, W Hanson, RT AF Schmid, Wolfgang Hanson, R. T. TI Simulation of intra- or transboundary surface-water-rights hierarchies using the farm process for MODFLOW-2000 SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Water-rights driven surface-water allocations for irrigated agriculture can be simulated using the farm process for MODFLOW-2000. This paper describes and develops a model, which simulates routed surface-water deliveries to farms limited by streamflow, equal-appropriation allotments, or a ranked prior-appropriation system. Simulated diversions account for deliveries to all farms along a canal according to their water-rights ranking and for conveyance losses and gains. Simulated minimum streamflow requirements on diversions help guarantee supplies to senior farms located on downstream diverting canals. Prior appropriation can be applied to individual farms or to groups of farms modeled as "virtual farms" representing irrigation districts, irrigated regions in transboundary settings, or natural vegetation habitats. The integrated approach of jointly simulating canal diversions, surface-water deliveries subject to water-rights constraints, and groundwater allocations is verified on numerical experiments based on a realistic, but hypothetical, system of ranked virtual farms. Results are discussed in light of transboundary water appropriation and demonstrate the approach's suitability for simulating effects of water-rights hierarchies represented by international treaties, interstate stream compacts, intrastate water rights, or ecological requirements. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, California Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Schmid, W (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, POB 210158-B, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM w_schmid@hwr.arizona.edu; rthanson@usgs.gov RI Schmid, Wolfgang/H-9627-2013 OI Schmid, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6191-2781 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 133 IS 2 BP 166 EP 178 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2007)133:2(166) PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 139CF UT WOS:000244409000009 ER PT J AU Roy, AH Freeman, BJ Freeman, MC AF Roy, Allison H. Freeman, Byron J. Freeman, Mary C. TI Riparian influences on stream fish assemblage structure in urbanizing streams SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE riparian buffer; catchment; urban; land use/cover; land-water interface; piedmont; stream; fish ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; LAND-USE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS; HABITAT; WATER; QUALITY; ZONES AB We assessed the influence of land cover at multiple spatial extents on fish assemblage integrity, and the degree to which riparian forests can mitigate the negative effects of catchment urbanization on stream fish assemblages. Riparian cover (urban, forest, and agriculture) was determined within 30 m buffers at longitudinal distances of 200 m, 1 km, and the entire network upstream of 59 non-nested fish sampling locations. Catchment and riparian land cover within the upstream network were highly correlated, so we were unable to distinguish between those variables. Most fish assemblage variables were related to % forest and % urban land cover, with the strongest relations at the largest spatial extent of land cover (catchment), followed by riparian land cover in the 1-km and 200-m reach, respectively. For fish variables related to urban land cover in the catchment, we asked whether the influence of riparian land cover on fish assemblages was dependent on the amount of urban development in the catchment. Several fish assemblage metrics (endemic richness, endemic: cosmopolitan abundance, insectivorous cyprinid richness and abundance, and fluvial specialist richness) were all best predicted by single variable models with % urban land cover. However, endemic: cosmopolitan richness, cosmopolitan abundance, and lentic tolerant abundance were related to % forest cover in the 1-km stream reach, but only in streams that had < 15% catchment urban land cover. In these cases, catchment urbanization overwhelmed the potential mitigating effects of riparian forests on stream fishes. Together, these results suggest that catchment land cover is an important driver of fish assemblages in urbanizing catchments, and riparian forests are important but not sufficient for protecting stream ecosystems from the impacts of high levels of urbanization. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Roy, AH (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 498, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM roy.allison@epa.gov NR 48 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 385 EP 402 DI 10.1007/s10980-006-9034-x PG 18 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 139TJ UT WOS:000244455200005 ER PT J AU Connolly, HC Zipfel, J Folco, L Smith, C Jones, RH Benedix, G Righter, K Yamaguchi, A Aoudjehane, HC Grossman, JN AF Connolly, Harold C. Zipfel, Jutta Folco, Luigi Smith, Caroline Jones, Rhian H. Benedix, Gretchen Righter, Kevin Yamaguchi, Akira Aoudjehane, Hasnaa Chennaoui Grossman, Jeffrey N. TI The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 91, 2007 March SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Kingsborough Community Coll, Dept Phys Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. CUNY, Grad Sch, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Forsch Inst & Nat Museum Senckenberg, Sekt Meteoriten Forsch, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. Museo Nazl Antartide, I-53100 Siena, Italy. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Code ST, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Natl Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Tokyo 1738515, Japan. Univ Hassan II Casablanca, Fac Sci, Dept Geol, Casablanca, Morocco. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Connolly, HC (reprint author), Kingsborough Community Coll, Dept Phys Sci, 2001 Oriental Blvd, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. EM meteorite@kingsborough.edu NR 0 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 413 EP 466 PG 54 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 150LX UT WOS:000245219400008 ER PT J AU Vandergast, AG Bohonak, AJ Weissman, DB Fisher, RN AF Vandergast, Amy G. Bohonak, Andrew J. Weissman, David B. Fisher, Robert N. TI Understanding the genetic effects of recent habitat fragmentation in the context of evolutionary history: phylogeography and landscape genetics of a southern California endemic Jerusalem cricket (Orthoptera : Stenopelmatidae : Stenopelmatus) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE anthropogenic habitat fragmentation; gene flow; genetic population structure; insect; Quaternary inundation; Stenopelmatus; urbanization ID COASTAL SAGE SCRUB; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FLOW; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; SPIDERS; CONSERVATION; LIZARD AB Habitat loss and fragmentation due to urbanization are the most pervasive threats to biodiversity in southern California. Loss of habitat and fragmentation can lower migration rates and genetic connectivity among remaining populations of native species, reducing genetic variability and increasing extinction risk. However, it may be difficult to separate the effects of recent anthropogenic fragmentation from the genetic signature of prehistoric fragmentation due to previous natural geological and climatic changes. To address these challenges, we examined the phylogenetic and population genetic structure of a flightless insect endemic to cismontane southern California, Stenopelmatus 'mahogani' (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae). Analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequence data suggest that diversification across southern California began during the Pleistocene, with most haplotypes currently restricted to a single population. Patterns of genetic divergence correlate with contemporary urbanization, even after correcting for (geographical information system) GIS-based reconstructions of fragmentation during the Pleistocene. Theoretical simulations confirm that contemporary patterns of genetic structure could be produced by recent urban fragmentation using biologically reasonable assumptions about model parameters. Diversity within populations was positively correlated with current fragment size, but not prehistoric fragment size, suggesting that the effects of increased drift following anthropogenic fragmentation are already being seen. Loss of genetic connectivity and diversity can hinder a population's ability to adapt to ecological perturbations commonly associated with urbanization, such as habitat degradation, climatic changes and introduced species. Consequently, our results underscore the importance of preserving and restoring landscape connectivity for long-term persistence of low vagility native species. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Calif Acad Sci, Dept Entomol, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. RP Vandergast, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM avandergast@usgs.gov OI Vandergast, Amy/0000-0002-7835-6571 NR 103 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 9 U2 91 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 977 EP 992 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03216.x PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 136SV UT WOS:000244245300006 PM 17305855 ER PT J AU Funk, WC Mullins, TD Forsman, ED Haig, SM AF Funk, W. Chris Mullins, Thomas D. Forsman, Eric D. Haig, Susan M. TI Microsatellite loci for distinguishing spotted owls (Strix occidentalis), barred owls (Strix varia), and their hybrids SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE backcross; F-1; hybrid identification; microsatellites; Strix occidentalis; Strix varia ID OTUS-ELEGANS-BOTELENSIS; DNA PRIMERS; MARKERS AB We identified four diagnostic microsatellite loci that distinguish spotted owls (Strix occidentalis), barred owls (Strix varia), F-1 hybrids and backcrosses. Thirty-four out of 52 loci tested (65.4%) successfully amplified, and four of these loci (11.8%) had allele sizes that did not overlap between spotted and barred owls. The probability of correctly identifying a backcross with these four loci is 0.875. Genotyping potential hybrid owls with these markers revealed that field identifications were often wrong. Given the difficulty of identifying hybrids in the field, these markers will be useful for hybrid identification, law enforcement and spotted owl conservation. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Expt Stn, Dept Agr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Funk, WC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM cfunk@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 284 EP 286 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01581.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 140QL UT WOS:000244520600028 ER PT J AU Cameron, AC Bouchy, F Hebrard, G Maxted, P Pollacco, D Pont, F Skillen, I Smalley, B Street, RA West, RG Wilson, DM Aigrain, S Christian, DJ Clarkson, WI Enoch, B Evans, A Fitzsimmons, A Fleenor, M Gillon, M Haswell, CA Hebb, L Hellier, C Hodgkin, ST Horne, K Irwin, J Kane, SR Keenan, FP Loeillet, B Lister, TA Mayor, M Moutou, C Norton, AJ Osborne, J Parley, N Queloz, D Ryans, R Triaud, AHMJ Udry, S Wheatley, PJ AF Cameron, A. Collier Bouchy, F. Hebrard, G. Maxted, P. Pollacco, D. Pont, F. Skillen, I. Smalley, B. Street, R. A. West, R. G. Wilson, D. M. Aigrain, S. Christian, D. J. Clarkson, W. I. Enoch, B. Evans, A. Fitzsimmons, A. Fleenor, M. Gillon, M. Haswell, C. A. Hebb, L. Hellier, C. Hodgkin, S. T. Horne, K. Irwin, J. Kane, S. R. Keenan, F. P. Loeillet, B. Lister, T. A. Mayor, M. Moutou, C. Norton, A. J. Osborne, J. Parley, N. Queloz, D. Ryans, R. Triaud, A. H. M. J. Udry, S. Wheatley, P. J. TI WASP-1b and WASP-2b: two new transiting exoplanets detected with SuperWASP and SOPHIE SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; techniques : photometric; techniques : radial velocities; planetary systems ID EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; CORALIE SURVEY; GIANT PLANET; HOT JUPITERS; STAR; ATMOSPHERE; CANDIDATES; VELOCITY; SEARCH; METALLICITY AB We have detected low-amplitude radial-velocity variations in two stars, USNO-B1.0 1219-0005465 (GSC 02265-00107 = WASP-1) and USNO-B1.0 0964-0543604 (GSC 00522-01199 = WASP-2). Both stars were identified as being likely host stars of transiting exoplanets in the 2004 SuperWASP wide-field transit survey. Using the newly commissioned radial-velocity spectrograph SOPHIE at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence, we found that both objects exhibit reflex orbital radial-velocity variations with amplitudes characteristic of planetary-mass companions and in-phase with the photometric orbits. Line-bisector studies rule out faint blended binaries as the cause of either the radial-velocity variations or the transits. We perform preliminary spectral analyses of the host stars, which together with their radial-velocity variations and fits to the transit light curves yield estimates of the planetary masses and radii. WASP-1b and WASP-2b have orbital periods of 2.52 and 2.15 d, respectively. Given mass estimates for their F7V and K1V primaries, we derive planet masses 0.80-0.98 and 0.81-0.95 times that of Jupiter, respectively. WASP-1b appears to have an inflated radius of at least 1.33 R-Jup, whereas WASP-2b has a radius in the range 0.65-1.26 R-Jup. C1 Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. Observ Haute Provence, F-04870 St Michel, France. Univ Keele, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, ARC, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Geneva, Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. Isaac Newton Grp Telescopes, E-38700 Tenerife, Spain. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. STScI, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Volunteer Observ, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Univ Florida, Bryant Space Sci Ctr 211, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Cameron, AC (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. EM acc4@st-and.ac.uk RI Kane, Stephen/B-4798-2013; OI Norton, Andrew/0000-0001-7619-8269; Cameron, Andrew/0000-0002-8863-7828; Christian, Damian/0000-0003-1746-3020; Wheatley, Peter/0000-0003-1452-2240 NR 46 TC 172 Z9 173 U1 4 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 375 IS 3 BP 951 EP 957 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11350.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134WT UT WOS:000244115800016 ER PT J AU Lyons, DE Roby, DD Collis, K AF Lyons, Donald E. Roby, Daniel D. Collis, Ken TI Foraging patterns of Caspian terns and double-crested cormorants in the Columbia River estuary SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; PACIFIC COAST; POPULATION; TRENDS; PREY; SIZE; DIET AB We examined spatial and temporal foraging patterns of Caspian terns and double-crested cormorants nesting in the Columbia River estuary, to potentially identify circumstances where juvenile salmonids listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act might be more vulnerable to predation by these avian piscivores. Data were collected during the 1998 and 1999 breeding seasons, using point count surveys of foraging birds at 40 sites along the river's banks, and using aerial strip transect counts throughout the estuary for terns. In 1998, terns selected tidal flats and sites with roosting beaches nearby for foraging, making greater use of the marine/mixing zone of the estuary later in the season, particularly areas near the ocean jetties. In 1999, cormorants selected foraging sites in freshwater along the main channel with pile dikes present, particularly early in the season. Foraging trends in the other year for each species were generally similar to the above but usually not significant. During aerial surveys we observed 50% of foraging and commuting terns within 8 km of the Rice Island colony, and <= 5 % of activity occurred >= 27 km from this colony in both years. Disproportionately greater cormorant foraging activity at pile dikes may indicate greater vulnerability of salmonids to predation at those features. Colony relocations to sites at sufficient distance from areas of relatively high salmonid abundance may be a straightforward means of reducing impacts of avian predation on salmonids than habitat alterations within the Columbia River estuary, at least for terns. C1 Oregon State Univ, USGS Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Columbia River Inter Tribal Fish Commiss, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Lyons, DE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USGS Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM lyonsd@onid.orst.edu NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 81 IS 2 BP 91 EP 103 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 182BV UT WOS:000247481000001 ER PT J AU Kennedy, BM Gale, WL Ostrand, KG AF Kennedy, Benjamen M. Gale, William L. Ostrand, Kenneth G. TI Evaluation of clove oil concentrations for use as an anesthetic during field processing and passive integrated transponder implantation of juvenile steelhead SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRICAINE METHANESULFONATE; SALMON; EFFICACY; FISH; TECHNOLOGY; SURVIVAL AB We examined the efficiency of sedating juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss with 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/l clove oil concentration as it would relate to in situ sampling and marking. We compared handling effort and processing time among dosages for fish sedated with clove oil, implanted with a 23-mm passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag, weighed, measured, and fin clipped. In addition, we compared anesthesia induction, recovery, and initial and delayed mortality among dosages for fish sedated with clove oil. Fish reached each anesthesia induction stage faster as clove oil concentration increased. Handling effort was significantly more difficult for individuals anesthetized in the 12.5 mg/l clove oil concentration compared to 25 or 50 mg/l. Handling effort did not differ between fish sedated with 25 or 50 mg/l. Handling time was significantly longer for fish anesthetized with 12.5 or 25 mg/l clove oil concentrations compared to 50 mg/l. Handling time did not differ between fish anesthetized with 12.5 or 25 mg/l. Processed fish (i.e. PIT tagged, weighed, measured, fin clipped) recovered significantly quicker when anesthetized with 12.5 mg/l clove oil concentration followed by 25 and 50 mg/l. Time to each anesthesia recovery stage did not differ between processed fish and controls. We observed no initial post-tagging mortality. Though we observed delayed mortality, it was low and did not significantly differ among clove oil concentrations. Our results support the use of clove oil as a fish anesthetic, and 50 mg/l was an effective concentration when used for PIT tagging juvenile steelhead. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Kennedy, BM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd,Longview, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM benjamen_kennedy@fws.gov NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 81 IS 2 BP 147 EP 154 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 182BV UT WOS:000247481000006 ER PT J AU Roberts, JH Angermeier, PL AF Roberts, James H. Angermeier, Paul L. TI Spatiotemporal variability of stream habitat and movement of three species of fish SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE habitat patch; logistic regression; mark-recapture; limiting factor ID ETHEOSTOMA-FLABELLARE DARTERS; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; RIFFLE HABITATS; ROANOKE RIVER; POPULATION; ECOLOGY; DISTRIBUTIONS; ENVIRONMENT; RECAPTURE; SALMONIDS AB Relationships between environmental variability and movement are poorly understood, due to both their complexity and the limited ecological scope of most movement studies. We studied movements of fantail (Etheostoma flabellare), riverweed (E. podostemone), and Roanoke darters (Percina roanoka) through two stream systems during two summers. We then related movement to variability in measured habitat attributes using logistic regression and exploratory data plots. We indexed habitat conditions at both microhabitat (i.e., patches of uniform depth, velocity, and substrate) and mesohabitat (i.e., riffle and pool channel units) spatial scales, and determined how local habitat conditions were affected by landscape spatial (i.e., longitudinal position, land use) and temporal contexts. Most spatial variability in habitat conditions and fish movement was unexplained by a site's location on the landscape. Exceptions were microhabitat diversity, which was greater in the less-disturbed watershed, and riffle isolation and predator density in pools, which were greater at more-downstream sites. Habitat conditions and movement also exhibited only minor temporal variability, but the relative influences of habitat attributes on movement were quite variable over time. During the first year, movements of fantail and riverweed darters were triggered predominantly by loss of shallow microhabitats; whereas, during the second year, microhabitat diversity was more strongly related (though in opposite directions) to movement of these two species. Roanoke darters did not move in response to microhabitat-scale variables, presumably because of the species' preference for deeper microhabitats that changed little over time. Conversely, movement of all species appeared to be constrained by riffle isolation and predator density in pools, two mesohabitat-scale attributes. Relationships between environmental variability and movement depended on both the spatiotemporal scale of consideration and the ecology of the species. Future studies that integrate across scales, taxa, and life-histories are likely to provide greater insight into movement ecology than will traditional, single-season, single-species approaches. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Roberts, JH (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM darter@vt.edu NR 52 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAR PY 2007 VL 151 IS 3 BP 417 EP 430 DI 10.1007/s00442-006-0598-6 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 143AP UT WOS:000244692700005 PM 17106722 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Kwoun, O Rykhus, R AF Lu, Zhong Kwoun, Ohig Rykhus, Russell TI Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR): Its past, present and future SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SAR INTERFEROMETRY; COMBINATION C1 US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. USGS EROS Ctr, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM lu@usgs.gov; okwoun@usgs.gov; rykhus@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 73 IS 3 BP 217 EP 221 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 139WY UT WOS:000244464600001 ER PT J AU Lu, Z AF Lu, Zhong TI InSAR imaging of volcanic deformation over cloud-prone areas - Aleutian Islands SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; ELASTIC HALF-SPACE; 1996 EARTHQUAKE SWARM; SURFACE DEFORMATION; LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; WESTDAHL VOLCANO; KILAUEA VOLCANO; OKMOK VOLCANO; INTERFEROMETRY; ALASKA AB Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (INSAR) is capable of measuring ground-surface deformation with centimeter-to-subcentimeter precision and spatial resolution of tens-of-meters over a relatively large region. With its global coverage and all-weather imaging capability, INSAR is an important technique for measuring ground-surface deformation of volcanoes over cloud-prone and rainy regions such as the Aleutian Islands, where only less than 5 percent of optical imagery is usable due to inclement weather conditions. The spatial distribution of surface deformation data, derived from INSAR images, enables the construction of detailed mechanical models to enhance the study of magmatic processes. This paper reviews the basics of INSAR for volcanic deformation mapping and the INSAR studies of ten Aleutian volcanoes associated with both eruptive and non-eruptive activity. These studies demonstrate that all-weather INSAR imaging can improve our understanding of how the Aleutian volcanoes work and enhance our capability to predict future eruptions and associated hazards. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr EROS, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM lu@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 73 IS 3 BP 245 EP 257 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 139WY UT WOS:000244464600005 ER PT J AU Haney, MM van Wijk, K AF Haney, Matthew M. van Wijk, Kasper TI Modified Kubelka-Munk equations for localized waves inside a layered medium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION; SCATTERING; DIFFUSION AB We present a pair of coupled partial differential equations to describe the evolution of the average total intensity and intensity flux of a wave field inside a randomly layered medium. These equations represent a modification of the Kubelka-Munk equations, or radiative transfer. Our modification accounts for wave interference (e.g., localization), which is neglected in radiative transfer. We numerically solve the modified Kubelka-Munk equations and compare the results to radiative transfer as well as to simulations of the wave equation with randomly located thin layers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geophys, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. Boise State Univ, Phys Acoust Lab, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Haney, MM (reprint author), Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 3 AR 036601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.036601 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 151XP UT WOS:000245324700057 PM 17500803 ER PT J AU Aukema, JE Carlo, TA Collazo, JA AF Aukema, Juliann E. Carlo, Tomas A. Collazo, Jaime A. TI Landscape assessment of tree communities in the northern karst region of Puerto Rico SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Caribbean; endemic species; exotic species; landscape ecology; limestone; ordination; plant community; species diversity; tropical moist forest; vegetation ID FOREST REGENERATION; TROPICAL FORESTS; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; LAND; SCALE; RECOVERY; PASTURES AB The northern karst of Puerto Rico is a unique formation that contains one of the island's largest remaining forested tracts. The region is under ever-increasing human pressure, but large portions of it are being considered for conservation. Forest classification of the region is at a coarse scale, such that it is considered one vegetation type. We asked whether there were distinct tree assemblages which would necessitate targeted conservation strategies to ensure their protection. We examined tree species and communities across the region at three different major topographic positions along mogotes, or haystack-shaped hills. We found distinct tree communities on hilltops and valleys, with significantly more non-native species in valleys and significantly more endemic species on hilltops and hillsides. At a landscape level, we identified at least four different communities within each topographic position. Two mogote top communities were separated geographically (west and south) within the region, while two others co-occurred in the east-central part of the region. Mogote side and valley communities were less distinct geographically. Temperature, elevation, and precipitation were important variables in separating some communities, suggesting that abiotic stress may play an important role in the distribution of some species. In contrast, the lack of geographic separations of other communities suggested that variables such as soil conditions, land use and biotic interactions such as dispersal limitation may also be important. Conservation planning strategies should target the south, west, and east-central areas that harbor distinct mogote top plant communities to ensure protection of the widest range of tree species and communities in the karst region. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00925 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USGS, NC Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Aukema, JE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, 735 State St,Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. EM jaukema@alumni.brown.edu NR 52 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 189 IS 1 BP 101 EP 115 DI 10.1007/s11258-006-9169-5 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 135XS UT WOS:000244187800008 ER PT J AU Kreiling, RM Yin, Y Gerber, DT AF Kreiling, Rebecca M. Yin, Yao Gerber, D. Timothy TI Abiotic influences on the biomass of Vallisneria americana Michx. in the Upper Mississippi River SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Vallisneria americana; American wildcelery; Upper Mississippi River; nutrients; light ID LOWER DETROIT RIVER; MYRIOPHYLLUM-SPICATUM; SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES; AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; WILD-CELERY; GROWTH; VEGETATION AB American wildcelery, Vallisneria americana Michx. is an ecologically important component of aquatic communities in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). We conducted a study in 2002 to determine the association of several abiotic factors on the vegetative growth of Vallisneria in Navigation Pool 8 (Pool 8) of the UMR. We measured turbidity, percent light absorbance, surface water ammonium, surface water nitrate, current velocity, conductivity, pH and water depth throughout one growing season at 56 stratified sites based on where Vallisneria occurred in previous years. Sediment and aboveground biomass samples were collected during peak growth. Sediment was analysed for organic content, particle size, pore water nitrate and pore water ammonium. Vallisneria biomass samples were dried to constant mass. Because some sites were without water for much of the growing season, only data from 52 sites were reported. Biomass was associated with depth, percent light absorbance, turbidity and wind fetch. Vallisneria was abundant in the depth range of 0.55 to 1.03 m, in areas receiving at least 38% of surface light and in areas exposed to greater wind fetch (> 2000m). Our results suggest that the primary abiotic variable associated with Vallisneria americana in the UMR is light, not nutrients. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Kreiling, RM (reprint author), 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM rkreiling@usgs.gov OI Kreiling, Rebecca/0000-0002-9295-4156 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 343 EP 349 DI 10.1002/rra.984 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 149HM UT WOS:000245137900007 ER PT J AU Granina, LZ Klerkx, J Callender, E Leermakers, M Golobokova, LP AF Granina, L. Z. Klerkx, J. Callender, E. Leermakers, M. Golobokova, L. P. TI Bottom sediments and pore waters near a hydrothermal vent in Lake Baikal (Frolikha Bay) SO RUSSIAN GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE sediments; pore waters; hydrothermal vent; stable isotopes; chemical composition; major and minor elements; Frolikha Bay; Lake Baikal ID SIBERIA; SPRINGS AB We discuss the redox environments and the compositions of bottom sediments and sedimentary pore waters in the region of a hydrothermal vent in Frolikha Bay, Lake Baikal. According to our results, the submarine vent and its companion nearby spring on land originate from a common source. The most convincing evidence for their relation comes from the proximity of stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in pore waters and in the spring water. The isotope composition indicates a meteoric origin of pore waters, but their major- and minor-element chemistry bears imprint of deep water which may seep through permeable faulted crust. Although pore waters near the submarine vent have a specific enrichment in major and minor constituents, hydrothermal discharge at the Baikal bottom causes a minor impact on the lake water chemistry, unlike the case of freshwater geothermal lakes in the East-African Rift and North America. (c) 2007, IGM, Siberian Branch of the RAS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 RAS, Limnol Inst, Siberian Branch, Irkutsk 664033, Russia. Int Bur Environm Studies, Brussels, Belgium. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Vrije Univ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. RP Granina, LZ (reprint author), RAS, Limnol Inst, Siberian Branch, 3 Ul Ulan Batorskaya, Irkutsk 664033, Russia. EM liba@lin.irk.ru NR 34 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1068-7971 EI 1878-030X J9 RUSS GEOL GEOPHYS+ JI Russ. Geol. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 48 IS 3 BP 237 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.rgg.2006.04.001 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 169SB UT WOS:000246610900002 ER PT J AU Mori, J Mooney, WD Afnimar Kurniawan, S Anaya, AI Widiyantoro, S AF Mori, Jim Mooney, Walter D. Afnimar Kurniawan, Sandy Anaya, Aan Ibnu Widiyantoro, Sri TI The 17 July 2006 tsunami earthquake in West Java, Indonesia SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A tsunami earthquake (M-w = 7.7) occurred south of Java on 17 July 2006. The event produced relatively low levels of high-frequency radiation, and local felt reports indicated only weak shaking in Java. There was no ground motion damage from the earthquake, but there was extensive damage and loss of life from the tsunami along 250 km of the southern coasts of West Java and Central Java. An inspection of the area a few days after the earthquake showed extensive damage to wooden and unreinforced masonry buildings that were located within several hundred meters of the coast. Since there was no tsunami warning system in place, efforts to escape the large waves depended on how people reacted to the earthquake shaking, which was only weakly felt in the coastal areas. This experience emphasizes the need for adequate tsunami warning systems for the Indian Ocean region. C1 Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Bandung Inst Technol, Fac Earth Sci & Mineral Technol, Bandung, Indonesia. Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Mori, J (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. EM mori@eqh.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 78 IS 2 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1785/gssrl.78.2.201 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 145FO UT WOS:000244850900005 ER PT J AU Leslie, DM Hamilton, MJ AF Leslie, David M., Jr. Hamilton, Meredith J. TI A plea for a common citation format in scientific serials SO SERIALS REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oklahoma State Univ, USGS, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Leslie, DM (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, USGS, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM cleslie@usgs.gov; meredith.hamilton@okstate.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0098-7913 J9 SERIALS REV JI Ser. Rev. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.serrev.2006.11.009 PG 3 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 155KL UT WOS:000245576200001 ER PT J AU Mora, MA Skiles, RS Paredes, M AF Mora, Miguel A. Skiles, Raymond S. Paredes, Marcos TI Further assessment of environmental contaminants in avian prey of the peregrine falcon in Big Bend National Park, Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID RIO-GRANDE; USA; METHYLMERCURY; RESIDUES; SELENIUM AB A small resident population of peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus anatum) in the Big Bend region of Texas has suffered reproductive failures since 1990. To continue our assessment of the effects of environmental contaminants on the peregrine falcon, we collected representative avian prey species during 2001 at Mariscal Canyon, Big Bend National Park. The avian carcasses were analyzed for inorganic and organochlorine contaminants. Concentrations of Se and Hg were present at high levels (up to 11 and 2.2 mu g/g dry weight, respectively) in some avian prey and could be implicated in reproductive failures of the peregrine falcon in Big Bend National Park. All other inorganic elements were below concentrations known to affect reproduction or to be associated with other deleterious effects in birds. Of all the organochlorines analyzed, only DDE and total PCBs were present above detection limits in all species, although at low concentrations. Our study provides further support to the hypothesis that contaminants in potential avian prey of the peregrine falcon in the Big Bend region are implicated in the productivity failures observed in this species since 1990. C1 Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Big Bend Natl Pk, TX 79834 USA. RP Mora, MA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2258 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM miguel_mora@usgs.gov RI Mora, Miguel/B-1344-2009; OI Mora, Miguel/0000-0002-8393-0216 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 1 BP 54 EP 59 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[54:FAOECI]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 147FW UT WOS:000244989800006 ER PT J AU Williford, DL Woodin, MC Skoruppa, MK Hickman, GC AF Williford, Damon L. Woodin, Marc C. Skoruppa, Mary K. Hickman, Graham C. TI Characteristics of roost sites used by burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) wintering in southern Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SPEOTYTO-CUNICULARIA; HABITAT; REGION; POPULATIONS; SELECTION; ECOLOGY; SUCCESS; MEXICO; IDAHO AB The western burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) is threatened in Mexico, endangered in Canada, and declining in most of the western United States. Most previous research has focused on burrowing owl breeding biology, and little is known about its winter ecology. We determined characteristics of roost sites used by western burrowing owls in southern Texas during winter. Data on 46 winter roost sites were collected from 15 November 2001 to 15 February 2002. Of these roost sites, 87% were located on agricultural land, 80% were along roads, and 74% were concrete, steel, or cast-iron culverts. Mean diameter (+/- SE) of roost site openings was 22 +/- 1.5 cm. Most roost sites (70%) were located on inaccessible private lands. Bare ground comprised 61% of ground cover within a 10-m radius of roost sites. We recommend that landowners and public-land managers should be encouraged to use smaller-diameter Culverts when building roads or replacing old or damaged culverts and to graze livestock or mow around these culverts during winter. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. US Geol Survey, Texas Gulf Coast Field Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Williford, DL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM dwillifo@coastalbend.edu NR 43 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[60:CORSUB]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 147FW UT WOS:000244989800007 ER PT J AU Stone, DM Van Haverbeke, DR Ward, DL Hunt, TA AF Stone, Dennis M. Van Haverbeke, David R. Ward, David L. Hunt, Teresa A. TI Dispersal of nonnative fishes and parasites in the intermittent Little Colorado River, Arizona SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ENDANGERED HUMPBACK CHUB; GRAND-CANYON; GILA-CYPHA; POPULATION; ECOLOGY; STREAM AB We sampled normative fishes stranded in isolated pools near Grand Falls in the Little Colorado River (LCR), Arizona, after the river ceased flowing (21 June and 12 July 2005) to evaluate whether normative fishes can invade the perennial, lower 21 km of the LCR from upriver sources. The encroachment of normative fishes could jeopardize resident populations of endangered humpback chub, Gila cypha, and other native fishes in the lower LCR. We captured red shiner, Cyprinella lulrensis; common carp, Cyprinus carpio; fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas; black bullhead, Ameiurus melas; and plains killifish, Fundulus zebrinus, all of which have been captured > 132 km downriver in the lower LCR and > 127 km upriver in the closest perennial sources. Moreover, we detected Asian tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, in 9 of 30 common carp examined. Our findings suggest that normative fishes, including those hosting parasites, can invade the lower LCR from upriver sources > 250 km away during freshets and provide a mechanism for the dispersal of invasive aquatic species in intermittent river systems. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. RP Stone, DM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 338, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. EM Dennis_Stone@fws.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 24 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 1 BP 130 EP 137 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[130:DONFAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 147FW UT WOS:000244989800019 ER PT J AU Najvar, PA Fries, JN Baccus, JT AF Najvar, Paige A. Fries, Joe N. Baccus, John T. TI Fecundity of San Marcos salamanders in captivity SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB We placed 24 pairs of adult San Marcos salamanders in small flow-through aquaria with rocks and aquatic moss. Some aquaria had clear marbles within tribes through which water upwelled into each aquarium. Seven clutches (eggs per clutch: mean 34.7; range = 2 to 73) were produced during a 9-month period. Overall hatching success was 29.6%. One breeding pair reproduced 3 times (eggs per clutch: mean = 44; range = 27 to 59) at an average of 64-day intervals during a 191-day period. Once mature, a single female potentially could produce 176 eggs per year in captivity. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Austin Ecol Serv, Austin, TX 78758 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. SW Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Najvar, PA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Austin Ecol Serv, 10711 Burnet Rd,Suite 200, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM Paige_Najvar@fws.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 1 BP 145 EP 147 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[145:FOSMSI]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 147FW UT WOS:000244989800022 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, C Conway, CJ LaRoche, DD AF Kirkpatrick, Chris Conway, Courtney J. LaRoche, Dominic D. TI Range expansion of the buff-breasted flycatcher (Empidonax fulvifrons) into the Rincon Mountains, Arizona SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB We detected buff-breasted flycatchers (Empidonax fulvifrons) while conducting surveys in the Rincon Mountains, Arizona, in 2000 (n = 2), 2004 (n = 4), and 2005 (n = 5). Our detections represent the first records of buff-breasted flycatchers in the Rincon Mountains since 1911, suggesting that this rare species has recolonized a portion of its historical breeding range. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, C (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM kirkpatr@email.arizona.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 1 BP 149 EP 152 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[149:REOTBF]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 147FW UT WOS:000244989800024 ER PT J AU Bertaux, JL Carr, M Des Marais, DJ Gaidos, E AF Bertaux, J.-L. Carr, M. Des Marais, D. J. Gaidos, E. TI Conversations on the habitability of worlds: The importance of volatiles SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE origin of life; habitability; planetary volatiles; mars; biogeochemical cycles; planetary atmospheres; biological evolution ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; MARTIAN NORTHERN PLAINS; EARTHS EARLY ATMOSPHERE; EARLY MARS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SNC METEORITES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SULFUR CYCLE; GROUND ICE; PLANETARY-ATMOSPHERES AB Our scientific forefathers discuss the interrelationships between water, climate, the atmosphere, and life on Earth and other terrestrial planets at a workshop in Nichtchaotel, Switzerland. C1 Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. CNRS, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Gaidos, E (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jean-loup.bertaux@aerovre.jussieu.fr; carr@usgs.gov; david.j.desmarais@nasa.gov; gaidos@hawaii.edu NR 209 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1-3 BP 123 EP 165 DI 10.1007/s11214-007-9193-3 PG 43 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 202MT UT WOS:000248906500005 ER PT J AU Scoppettone, GG Rissler, PH AF Scoppettone, G. Gary Rissler, Peter H. TI Effects of population increase on Cui-ui growth and maturation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SUCKER CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI; AGE; REPRODUCTION; MATURITY; MANAGEMENT; TROUT; SIZE; LONGEVITY; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL AB Cui-ui Chasmistes cujus is endemic to Pyramid Lake, Nevada. The cui-ui population declined during much of the 20th century as a result of water diversion and the formation of a shallow and virtually impassable delta at the mouth of the Truckee River, its spawning habitat. The population increased more than 10-fold to more than 1 million adults after access to the river was restored, creating a period of relatively higher density. This change presented the opportunity to test intraspecific density effects on cui-ui age and length at maturity and on growth. We also compared the year-class structure of the adult population before and after improved access. At low density, cui-ui mean age at maturation was 9.2 years for males and 9.6 for females; at high density, it was significantly higher: 11.8 years for males and 12.0 for females. There was no significant change in mean fork length at maturity related to population increase. Growth patterns differed between high and low density, the low-density fish growing faster than high-density fish before their respective mean age of maturity; past their mean age at maturity, high-density fish grew significantly faster than low-density fish. Fish in both density periods reached similar lengths by about 19-20 years of age. Year-class structure for both density periods consisted of strong year-classes, which predominated the adult population for several years. C1 US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89502 USA. RP Scoppettone, GG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1340 Financial Blvd, Reno, NV 89502 USA. EM gary_scoppettone@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 136 IS 2 BP 331 EP 340 DI 10.1577/T05-199.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 154SC UT WOS:000245526900003 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE AF Miranda, L. E. TI Approximate sample sizes required to estimate length distributions SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The sample sizes required to estimate fish length were determined by bootstrapping from reference length distributions. Depending on population characteristics and species-specific maximum lengths, 1-cm length-frequency histograms required 375-1,200 fish to estimate within 10% with 80% confidence, 2.5-cm histograms required 150-425 fish, proportional stock density required 75-140 fish, and mean length required 75-160 fish. In general, smaller species, smaller populations, populations with higher mortality, and simpler length statistics required fewer samples. Indices that require low sample sizes may be suitable for monitoring population status, and when large changes in length are evident, additional sampling effort may be allocated to more precisely define length status with more informative estimators. C1 US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 136 IS 2 BP 409 EP 415 DI 10.1577/T06-151.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 154SC UT WOS:000245526900010 ER PT J AU Young, DB Woody, CA AF Young, Daniel B. Woody, Carol Ann TI Spawning distribution of sockeye salmon in a glacially influenced watershed: the importance of glacial habitats SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; COHO SALMON; TAKU RIVER; ALASKA; TROUT; EMERGENCE; SELECTION; REDDS AB The spawning distribution of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka was compared between clear and glacially turbid habitats in Lake Clark, Alaska, with the use of radiotelemetry. Tracking of 241 adult sockeye salmon to 27 spawning locations revealed both essential habitats and the relationship between spawn timing and seasonal turbidity cycles. Sixty-six percent of radio-tagged sockeye salmon spawned in turbid waters (>= 5 nephelometric turbidity units) where visual observation was difficult. Spawning in turbid habitats coincided with seasonal temperature declines and associated declines in turbidity and suspended sediment concentration. Because spawn timing is heritable and influenced by temperature, the observed behavior suggests an adaptive response to glacier-fed habitats, as it would reduce embryonic exposure to the adverse effects of fine sediments. C1 Natl Pk Serv, Lake Clark Natl Pk & Preserve, Port Alsworth, AK 99653 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Young, DB (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Lake Clark Natl Pk & Preserve, Port Alsworth, AK 99653 USA. EM dan_young@nps.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 136 IS 2 BP 452 EP 459 DI 10.1577/T05-321.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 154SC UT WOS:000245526900015 ER PT J AU Bronte, CR Moore, SA AF Bronte, Charles R. Moore, Seth A. TI Morphological variation of siscowet lake trout in Lake Superior SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH STOCKS; LACUSTRINE BROOK CHARR; GREAT-BEAR-LAKE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; ATLANTIC SALMON; ARCTIC CHARR; 2 FORMS; POPULATIONS AB Historically, Lake Superior has contained many morphologically distinct forms of the lake trout Salvelinus namaycush that have occupied specific depths and locations and spawned at specific times of the year. Today, as was probably the case historically, the siscowet morphotype is the most abundant. Recent interest in harvesting siscowets to extract oil containing omega-3 fatty acids will require additional knowledge of the biology and stock structure of these lightly exploited populations. The objective of this study was to determine whether shape differences exist among siscowet populations across Lake Superior and whether these shape differences can be used to infer stock structure. Morphometric analysis (truss protocol) was used to differentiate among siscowets sampled from 23 locations in Lake Superior. We analyzed 31 distance measurements among 14 anatomical landmarks taken from digital images of fish recorded in the field. Cluster analysis of size-corrected data separated fish into three geographic groups: the Isle Royale, eastern (Michigan), and western regions (Michigan). Finer scales of stock structure were also suggested. Discriminant function analysis demonstrated that head measurements contributed to most of the observed variation. Cross-validation classification rates indicated that 67-71% of individual fish were correctly classified to their region of capture. This is the first study to present shape differences associated with location within a lake trout morphotype in Lake Superior. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources Off, New Franken, WI 54429 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. RP Bronte, CR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources Off, 2661 Scott Tower Dr, New Franken, WI 54429 USA. EM charles_bronte@fws.gov NR 59 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 136 IS 2 BP 509 EP 517 DI 10.1577/T06-098.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 154SC UT WOS:000245526900021 ER PT J AU Watten, BJ Lee, PC Sibrell, PL Timmons, MB AF Watten, Barnaby J. Lee, Po Ching Sibrell, Philip L. Timmons, Michael B. TI Effect of temperature, hydraulic residence time and elevated P-CO2 on acid neutralization within a pulsed limestone bed reactor SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE acid mine drainage; limestone dissolution; carbon dioxide; hydraulic residence time; temperature; pulsed bed reactors ID COAL-MINE DRAINAGE; RESPONSES; WATER AB Limestone has potential for reducing reagent costs and sludge volume associated with treatment of acid mine drainage, but its use is restricted by slow dissolution rates and the deposition of Fe, Al and Mn-based hydrolysis products on reactive surfaces. We evaluated a pulsed limestone bed (PLB) reactor (15 L/min capacity) that uses a CO2 pretreatment step to accelerate dissolution and hydraulic shearing forces provided by intermittent fluidization to abrade and carry away surface scales. We established the effects of hydraulic residence time (HRT, 5.1-15.9 min), temperature (T, 12-22 degrees C) and CO2 tension (P-CO2, 34.5-206.8 kPa) on effluent quality when inlet acidity (Acy) was fixed at 440 mg/L (pH = 2.48) with H2SO4. The PLB reactor neutralized all H+ acidity (N = 80) while concurrently providing unusually high levels of effluent alkalinity (247-1028 mg/L as CaCO3) that allow for side-stream treatment with blending. Alkalinity (Alk) yields rose with increases in P-CO2, HRT and settled bed height (BH, cm) and decreased with T following the relationship (R-2 = 0.926; p < 0.001): (Alk)(non-filtered) = -548.726+33.571 (.) (P-CO2)(0.5)+33.671 (.) (HRT)+7.734 (.) (BH)-5.197 (.) (T). Numerical modeling showed CO2 feed requirements for a target Alk yield decrease with increases in HRT, T and the efficiency of off-gas (CO2) recycling. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Watten, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM bwatten@usgs.gov; pl48@cornell.edu; psibrell@usgs.gov; mbt3@cornell.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1207 EP 1214 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2006.12.010 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 149UD UT WOS:000245171400006 PM 17267008 ER PT J AU Parker, MW Kress, SW Golightly, RT Carter, HR Parsons, EB Schubel, SE Boyce, JA McChesney, GJ Wisely, SM AF Parker, Michael W. Kress, Stephen W. Golightly, Richard T. Carter, Harry R. Parsons, Elizabeth B. Schubel, Susan E. Boyce, Jennifer A. McChesney, Gerard J. Wisely, Samantha M. TI Assessment of social attraction techniques used to restore a Common Murre colony in central California SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Common Murre; social attraction; restoration; seabird; Devil's Slide Rock; California; alcid; Uria aalge ID GUILLEMOT URIA-AALGE; CONSPECIFIC REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HABITAT SELECTION; PHILOPATRY; DENSITY; ISLAND AB Colonial seabirds such as alcids often do not rapidly recolonize former breeding habitat following extirpation of nesting colonies. Social attraction (e.g., use of decoys, recorded vocalizations and mirrors) artificially stimulates nesting by providing social cues that encourage colonization. Common Murres (Uria aalge) stopped breeding at Devil's Slide Rock, San Mateo County, California following the 1986 Apex Houston oil spill. Natural recolonization did not occur between 1987 and 1995. Common Murres began regular visits to Devil's Slide Rock within 24 hours of social attraction equipment installation in January 1996 and six pairs nested by June 1996. Over 90% of murre observations were in decoy plots in contrast to control plots and outside of plots where few murre observations occurred. Significantly more murre presences versus absences were recorded in low density decoy plots and these birds most often frequented open areas (aisles) within decoy clusters. Significantly larger groups of murres visited high density decoy plots and aisle sub-plots. Murre densities were significantly greater within 30 cm of mirrors. Five of six nests were within 60 cm of mirrors. Nests coincided with areas where prior nesting and last pre-1996 attendance had been concentrated. Rapid breeding response combined with recent nonbreeding attendance suggests that the first colonists may have been surviving breeders from the original colony or young produced at the rock prior to the oil spill. The initial recolonization event and continued restoration efforts have prompted further colony growth to 190 pairs nesting by 2004. This study suggests that social stimuli can limit natural colonization of otherwise suitable habitat. C1 Natl Audubon Soc, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Newark, CA 94560 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Restorat Ctr, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. RP Parker, MW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Rock Lakes Natl Wildlife Refuge, 27820 Southside Centennial Rd, Lima, MT 59739 USA. EM gerry_mcchesney@fws.gov NR 41 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 14 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0017:AOSATU]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 162MX UT WOS:000246093100003 ER PT J AU Jodice, PGR Murphy, TM Sanders, FJ Ferguson, LM AF Jodice, Patrick G. R. Murphy, Thomas M. Sanders, Felicia J. Ferguson, Lisa M. TI Longterm trends in nest counts of colonial seabirds in South Carolina, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Brown Pelican; Royal Tern; Sandwich Tern; South Carolina; population trends; Pelecanus Occidentalis; Sterna maxima; Sterna sandvicensis ID EASTERN BROWN PELICAN; ORGANOCHLORINE RESIDUES; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SANDWICH TERNS; UNITED-STATES; ECOLOGY; ROYAL; EGGS AB We analyzed temporal and spatial trends in annual nest counts of Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis), Royal Terns (Sterna maxima), and Sandwich Terns (Sterna sandvicensis) throughout South Carolina from 1969 through 2005. There was an increase in the number of active pelican nests from 1969 through the mid 1980s, although this was followed by a steady decline that continued through 2005. Numbers of Royal Tern nests have declined during the study period, especially since 1990. In contrast, annual counts of active Sandwich Tern nests remained relatively stable through the mid 1980s, then increased substantially and have since remained stable. During the early years of the study, a greater proportion of nests from each species occurred on colonies within the Cape Remain region, although this distribution appears to have shifted with a greater proportion of nests now occurring along the southern coast. At the statewide level and at each of the primary colonies, we observed a positive correlation in counts of Brown Pelican and Royal Tern nests. Mechanisms underlying the observed trends are unclear. We suggest that priorities for research include (1) determination of diet and foraging locales for all three species, (2) impacts of ectoparasites on condition and survival of pelican chicks, and (3) metapopulation structure of all three species. Management activities should focus primarily on protection of colony sites. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, USGS S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Green Pond, SC 29446 USA. S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Santee Coastal Reserve, McClellanville, SC 29458 USA. RP Jodice, PGR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, USGS S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM pjodice@clemson.edu NR 38 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 40 EP 51 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0040:LTINCO]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 162MX UT WOS:000246093100005 ER PT J AU Knoche, MJ Powell, AN Quakenbush, LT Wooller, MJ Phillips, LM AF Knoche, Michael J. Powell, Abby N. Quakenbush, Lori T. Wooller, Matthew J. Phillips, Laura M. TI Further evidence for site fidelity to wing molt locations by king eiders: Integrating stable isotope analyses and satellite telemetry SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE carbon-13; deuterium; feather; molt; nitrogen-15; satellite telemetry; Somateria spectabilis; stable isotope; site fidelity ID TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; BREEDING ORIGINS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; CARBON ISOTOPES; HYDROGEN; FEATHERS; MARINE; RATIOS; WATER; DIET AB Studies using stable-isotope analyses of feathers to determine molt locations in marine birds are increasingly common but generally lack verification through ground-truthing. In this study, we examined the stable isotope compositions of wing feathers from King Eiders (Somateria spectabilis) implanted with satellite-transmitters. We compared stable carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen isotope compositions (delta C-13, delta N-15, and delta D, respectively) of primary feathers with the geographic location of wing molt in the subsequent year. Longitude of molt locations of ciders was highly correlated with delta C-13 (r(2)= 0.69, N = 12) and delta D (r(2)= 0.90, N = 12) isotope values from their primary feathers grown in the previous year. There was no relationship between delta N-15 and location of wing molt (r(2) = 0.007, N = 12). The results of this study provide further evidence for site fidelity during wing molt by King Eiders. C1 Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, USGS, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Univ Alaska, Alaska Stable Isotope Facil, Water Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Knoche, MJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM mikeknoche@hotmail.com OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X; Wooller, Matthew/0000-0002-5065-4235 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 52 EP 57 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0052:FEFSFT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 162MX UT WOS:000246093100006 ER PT J AU Nelson, CM AF Nelson, Clifford M. TI Mapping and empire: Soldier-engineers on the Southwestern frontier. SO WESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Nelson, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN HISTORY ASSOCIATION PI LOGAN PA UTAH STATE UNIV, UMC 0740, LOGAN, UT 84322 USA SN 0043-3810 J9 WESTERN HIST QUART JI West. Hist. Q. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 1 BP 102 EP 103 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 149TW UT WOS:000245170700040 ER PT J AU Hierl, LA Loftin, CS Longcore, JR McAuley, DG Urban, DL AF Hierl, Lauren A. Loftin, Cynthia S. Longcore, Jerry R. McAuley, Daniel G. Urban, Dean L. TI A multivariate assessment of changes in wetland habitat for waterbirds at Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge, Maine, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE geographic information systems; GIS; Mahalanobis Distance; multivariate analysis; wetland change; wetland management ID MARSH; ABUNDANCE; VARIABLES; DENSITY; DUCKS AB We assessed changes in vegetative structure of 49 impoundments at Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge (MNWR), Maine, USA, between the periods 1984-1985 to 2002 with a multivariate, adaptive approach that may be useful in a variety of wetland and other habitat management situations. We used Mahalanobis Distance (MD) analysis to classify the refuge's wetlands as poor or good waterbird habitat based on five variables: percent emergent vegetation, percent shrub, percent open water, relative richness of vegetative types, and an interspersion juxtaposition index that measures adjacency of vegetation patches. Mahalanobis Distance is a multivariate statistic that examines whether a particular data point is an outlier or a member of a data cluster while accounting for correlations among inputs. For each wetland, we used MD analysis to quantify a distance from a reference condition defined a priori by habitat conditions measured in MNWR wetlands used by waterbirds. Twenty-five wetlands declined in quality between the two periods, whereas 23 wetlands improved. We identified specific wetland characteristics that may be modified to improve habitat conditions for waterbirds. The MD analysis seems ideal for instituting an adaptive wetland management approach because metrics can be easily added or removed, ranges of target habitat conditions can be defined by field-collected data, and the analysis can identify priorities for single or multiple management objectives. C1 Univ Maine, USGS Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92181 USA. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Levine Sci Res Ctr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Loftin, CS (reprint author), Univ Maine, USGS Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM cyndy_loftin@umenfa.maine.edu NR 31 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 141 EP 152 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[141:AMAOCI]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155XE UT WOS:000245611100012 ER PT J AU Kurtz, AM Bahr, JM Carpenter, QJ Hunt, RJ AF Kurtz, Abby McDermott Bahr, Jean M. Carpenter, Quentin J. Hunt, Randall J. TI The importance of subsurface geology for water source and vegetation communities in Cherokee Marsh, Wisconsin SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE geochemistry; hydroperiod; hydrostratigraphy; stable isotopes; wetlands ID CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; PLANT DIVERSITY; GROUNDWATER; HYDROLOGY; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Restoration of disturbed wetland systems is an important component of wetland mitigation, yet uncertainty remains about how hydrologic processes affect biologic processes and wetlands patterns. To design more effective restoration strategies and re-establish native plant communities in disturbed wetlands, it is imperative to understand undisturbed systems. A site within Cherokee Marsh located in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, contains a relatively undisturbed area of wetland consisting of plant communities common within the prairie landscape including a fen, sedge meadow, and shallow marsh. These distinct communities are found within an area of minimal topographic relief, yet transitions from one community to the next occur over short distances. This study sought to characterize the geologic, hydrologic, and chemical gradients associated with these shifts in vegetation to gain insight into the factors controlling the spatial differences in dominant plant species, which could be critical for restoration success. Vegetation analyses revealed a transition of dominant sedge species, which appeared to correspond to changes in hydrology from a ground-water dominated to a surface-water dominated system (as determined by water isotopes). Along the same vegetation transect, subsurface coring results show a heterogeneous composition of peat and till with lateral and vertical variations in stratigraphy, which relates to variability in ground-water discharge as evidenced by hydroperiods and stable isotope composition. Applications of this type of approach throughout the glaciated terrains of the midwestern and northeastern United States and Canada can improve future wetland restoration and management. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Gaylord Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Kurtz, AM (reprint author), ENVIRON Int Corp, 4350 N Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM amkurtz@environcorp.com NR 49 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 25 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 189 EP 202 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155XE UT WOS:000245611100016 ER PT J AU Jones, SL Dieni, JS Green, MT Gouse, PJ AF Jones, Stephanie L. Dieni, J. Scott Green, Michael T. Gouse, Paula J. TI Annual return rates of breeding grassland songbirds SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SITE FIDELITY; POPULATION; BIRDS; BOBOLINKS; OVENBIRDS; SPARROW; SUCCESS; WRENS AB We used reobservation of color-banded birds to index annual breeding site fidelity of four species of songbirds that nest in the northern mixed-grass prairie of northcentral Montana (1996-2005). Territorial males of Sprague's Pipits (Anthus spragueii), and Savannah (Passerculus sandwichensis), Grasshopper (Ammodramus savannarum), and Baird's (A. bairdii) sparrows were located on five permanent study sites (19982004) and lured into mist-nets using tape broadcasts of conspecific songs and calls. The proportion reobserved was 5.3% (n = 247) across all banded adult males. Grasshopper Sparrows had the highest proportion of returns (8.9%), followed by Savannah Sparrows (5.4%), Baird's Sparrows (5.1%), and Sprague's Pipits (2.1%). Three nestling Savannah Sparrows were reobserved in subsequent years (n = 193), while no nestlings of the other species were reobserved (n = 401). Our return rates were low for all adults in comparison with typical reports of return rates for songbird species of woodland and shrubland habitats. Migratory nomadism may explain this phenomenon, where grassland migrants are opportunistic in site selection, rather than faithfully returning to potentially uninhabitable former breeding sites. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Redstart Consulting, Evergreen, CO 80439 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bowdoin Natl Wildlife Refuge, Malta, MT 59539 USA. RP Jones, SL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 25486 DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM Stephanie_Jones@fws.gov NR 37 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 22 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.1676/05-158.1 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 148YQ UT WOS:000245113700010 ER PT J AU Decker, KL Niklison, AM Martin, TE AF Decker, Karie L. Niklison, Alina M. Martin, Thomas E. TI First description of the nest, eggs, and breeding behavior of the Merida Tapaculo (Scytalopus meridanus) SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY; RHINOCRYPTIDAE AB We provide the first description of the nest, eggs, and breeding behavior of the Merida Tapaculo (Scytalopus meridanus). Data are from one pair in the moist cloud forest of Yacambu National Park, Venezuela during April-May 2004. Two nests, constructed by the same pair, were globular in structure and consisted of mossy material placed in a rock crevice of a muddy rock wall. The eggs were cream colored with an average mass of 4.19 g. Clutch sizes were one in the first nest and two in the second. The species showed bi-parental care in nest building and incubation. Nest attentiveness (percent time spent on the nest incubating) averaged 83.4 +/- 14% (SD). Average on and off bouts were 33.24 and 6.34 min, respectively. C1 Univ Montana, USGS, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Decker, KL (reprint author), Univ Montana, USGS, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM karie.decker@umontana.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 BP 121 EP 124 DI 10.1676/05-159.1 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 148YQ UT WOS:000245113700020 ER PT J AU Wylie, BK Fosnight, EA Gilmanov, TG Frank, AB Morgan, JA Haferkamp, MR Meyers, TP AF Wylie, Bruce K. Fosnight, Eugene A. Gilmanov, Tagir G. Frank, Albert B. Morgan, Jack A. Haferkamp, Marshall R. Meyers, Tilden P. TI Adaptive data-driven models for estimating carbon fluxes in the Northern Great Plains SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon flux; grassland ecosystems; Northern Great Plains; data-driven models; piece-wise regression models; net ecosystem exchange ID TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; DIOXIDE FLUXES; SOIL-MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; AMERICAN GRASSLANDS; VEGETATION; EXCHANGE; SURFACE AB Rangeland carbon fluxes are highly variable in both space and time. Given the expansive areas of rangelands, how rangelands respond to climatic variation, management, and soil potential is important to understanding carbon dynamics. Rangeland carbon fluxes associated with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) were measured from multiple year data sets at five flux tower locations in the Northern Great Plains. These flux tower measurements were combined with 1-km(2) spatial data sets of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), temperature, precipitation, seasonal NDVI metrics, and soil characteristics. Flux tower measurements were used to train and select variables for a rule-based piece-wise regression model. The accuracy and stability of the model were assessed through random cross-validation and cross-validation by site and year. Estimates of NEE were produced for each 10-day period during each growing season from 1998 to 2001. Growing season carbon flux estimates were combined with winter flux estimates to derive and map annual estimates of NEE. The rule-based piece-wise regression model is a dynamic, adaptive model that captures the relationships of the spatial data to NEE as conditions evolve throughout the growing season. The carbon dynamics in the Northern Great Plains proved to be in near equilibrium, serving as a small carbon sink in 1999 and as a small carbon source in 1998, 2000, and 2001. Patterns of carbon sinks and sources are very complex, with the carbon dynamics tilting toward sources in the drier west and toward sinks in the east and near the mountains in the extreme west. Significant local variability exists, which initial investigations suggest are likely related to local climate variability, soil properties, and management. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USGS, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Air Resources Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Fosnight, EA (reprint author), USGS, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM fosnight@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014 OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 NR 78 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 28 PY 2007 VL 106 IS 4 BP 399 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.09.017 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 138HH UT WOS:000244353200001 ER PT J AU Nakano, M Kumagai, H Chouet, B Dawson, P AF Nakano, M. Kumagai, H. Chouet, B. Dawson, P. TI Waveform inversion of volcano-seismic signals for an extended source SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LONG-PERIOD EVENTS; KUSATSU-SHIRANE VOLCANO; COMPLEX BODY WAVES; FLUID-DRIVEN CRACK; LINEAR DYNAMIC-SYSTEM; SOURCE MECHANISM; KILAUEA-VOLCANO; MOMENT-TENSOR; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; EARTHQUAKE SWARMS AB [1] We propose a method to investigate the dimensions and oscillation characteristics of the source of volcano-seismic signals based on waveform inversion for an extended source. An extended source is realized by a set of point sources distributed on a grid surrounding the centroid of the source in accordance with the source geometry and orientation. The source-time functions for all point sources are estimated simultaneously by waveform inversion carried out in the frequency domain. We apply a smoothing constraint to suppress short-scale noisy fluctuations of source-time functions between adjacent sources. The strength of the smoothing constraint we select is that which minimizes the Akaike Bayesian Information Criterion (ABIC). We perform a series of numerical tests to investigate the capability of our method to recover the dimensions of the source and reconstruct its oscillation characteristics. First, we use synthesized waveforms radiated by a kinematic source model that mimics the radiation from an oscillating crack. Our results demonstrate almost complete recovery of the input source dimensions and source-time function of each point source, but also point to a weaker resolution of the higher modes of crack oscillation. Second, we use synthetic waveforms generated by the acoustic resonance of a fluid-filled crack, and consider two sets of waveforms dominated by the modes with wavelengths 2L/3 and 2W/3, or L and 2L/5, where W and L are the crack width and length, respectively. Results from these tests indicate that the oscillating signature of the 2L/3 and 2W/3 modes are successfully reconstructed. The oscillating signature of the L mode is also well recovered, in contrast to results obtained for a point source for which the moment tensor description is inadequate. However, the oscillating signature of the 2L/5 mode is poorly recovered owing to weaker resolution of short-scale crack wall motions. The triggering excitations of the oscillating cracks are successfully reconstructed. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nakano, M (reprint author), Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Prevent, 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050006, Japan. EM mnakano@bosai.go.jp; kumagai@bosai.go.jp; chouet@usgs.gov; dawson@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 27 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B2 AR B02306 DI 10.1029/2006JB004490 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 143GX UT WOS:000244709400002 ER PT J AU Peller, JR Whitman, RL Griffith, S Harris, P Peller, C Scalzitti, J AF Peller, Julie R. Whitman, Richard L. Griffith, Scott Harris, Patricia Peller, Cassie Scalzitti, Joanne TI TiO2 as a photocatalyst for control of the aquatic invasive alga, Cladophora, under natural and artificial light SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE photocatalysis; phycotoxicity; Cladophora; water quality; TiO2 ID HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYSIS; PHOTOASSISTED DEGRADATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NEARSHORE WATER; DRINKING-WATER; DYE POLLUTANTS; LAKE-MICHIGAN; RHODAMINE-B; AZO-DYE; DISPERSIONS AB Cladophora, a nuisance and invasive, filamentous algae (Chlorophyta), massively accumulates along the shores of the lower Great Lakes each summer causing great economic damage and compromising recreational opportunity and perhaps public health. In vitro experiments showed that Cladophora samples were physically and biologically degraded when subjected to TiO2-mediated photocatalysis. For the most successful photocatalytic process, TiO2 was immobilized on a glass surface and used in combination with either sunlight or artificial UV light. The loss of vital algal pigments was monitored using UV-vis spectrophotometry, and cell structural changes were determined by microscopic observation. Cladophora, in the presence of TiO2-covered glass beads, experienced a. loss of chloroplast pigments after 2 h of UV lamp light irradiation. In a separate experiment, sunlight exposure over 4 days (similar to 24 h) resulted in the complete oxidative degradation of the green chloroplast pigments, verified by the UV spectra of the algal extracts. These results suggest that TiO2, mobilized on sunlit silicates may be useful in controlling growth and survival of this alga in the Great Lakes, thus mitigating many of the economic, aesthetic ecological impacts of this invasive alga. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ NW, Dept Chem, Gary, IN 46408 USA. Indiana Univ NW, Dept Biol, Gary, IN 46408 USA. US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Peller, JR (reprint author), Indiana Univ NW, Dept Chem, 3400 Broadway, Gary, IN 46408 USA. EM jpeller@iun.edu; rwhitman@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 50 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1010-6030 J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO A JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem. PD FEB 25 PY 2007 VL 186 IS 2-3 BP 212 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.08.009 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 141OK UT WOS:000244588100015 ER PT J AU Rashleigh, B DeAngelis, DL AF Rashleigh, Brenda DeAngelis, Donald L. TI Conditions for coexistence of freshwater mussel species via partitioning of fish host resources SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE resource partitioning; freshwater mussels; invasibility analysis; limiting similarity ID COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE; LIMITING SIMILARITY; UNIONID MUSSELS; TRADE-OFFS; PROMOTES COEXISTENCE; NICHE OVERLAP; MODELS; ENVIRONMENTS; GLOCHIDIA; BIVALVIA AB Riverine freshwater mussel species can be found in highly diverse communities where many similar species coexist. Mussel species potentially compete for food and space as adults, and for fish host resources during the larval (glochidial) stage. Resource partitioning at the larval stage may promote coexistence. A model of resource utilization was developed for two mussel species and analyzed to determine conditions for coexistence. Mussel species were predicted to coexist when they diffeied in terms of their success in contacting different fish host species; very similar strategies offered limited possibilities for coexistence. Differences in the mussel species' maximum infestation loads on the fish hosts that coincided with differences in their fish host contact success promoted coexistence. Mussel species with a given set of trade-offs in fish host use were predicted to coexist only for a subset of relative fish host abundances, so a shift in relative fish host abundances could result in the loss of a mussel species. An understanding of the conditions for freshwater mussel species coexistence can help explain high mussel diversity in rivers and guide ongoing conservation activities. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Miami, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Ctr Water & Restorat Studies, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Rashleigh, B (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Rashleigh.Brenda@epa.gov NR 75 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 24 PY 2007 VL 201 IS 2 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.09.009 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 137GX UT WOS:000244282200007 ER PT J AU Collier, BA Krementz, DG AF Collier, Bret A. Krementz, David G. TI Uncertainty in age-specific harvest estimates and consequences for white-tailed deer management SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE age structure; harvest proportion; harvest rate; population model; selective harvest criteria; uncertainty; white-tailed deer ID SEX-RATIO; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; MODELS; FAWNS; TEXAS; PATTERNS; RATES AB Age structure proportions (proportion of harvested individuals within each age class) are commonly used as support for regulatory restrictions and input for deer population models. Such use requires critical evaluation when harvest regulations force hunters to selectively harvest specific age classes, due to impact on the underlying population age structure. We used a stochastic population simulation model to evaluate the impact of using harvest proportions to evaluate changes in population age structure under a selective harvest management program at two scales. Using harvest proportions to parameterize the age-specific harvest segment of the model for the local scale showed that predictions of post-harvest age structure did not vary dependent upon whether selective harvest criteria were in use or not. At the county scale, yearling frequency in the post-harvest population increased, but model predictions indicated that post-harvest population size of 2.5 years old males would decline below levels found before implementation of the antler restriction, reducing the number of individuals recruited into older age classes. Across the range of age-specific harvest rates modeled, our simulation predicted that underestimation of age-specific harvest rates has considerable influence on predictions of post-harvest population age structure. We found that the consequence of uncertainty in harvest rates corresponds to uncertainty in predictions of residual population structure, and this correspondence is proportional to scale. our simulations also indicate that regardless of use of harvest proportions or harvest rates, at either the local or county scale the modeled SHC had a high probability (> 0.60 and > 0.75, respectively) of eliminating recruitment into > 2.5 years old age classes. Although frequently used to increase population age structure, our modeling indicated that selective harvest criteria can decrease or eliminate the number of white-tailed deer recruited into older age classes. Thus, we suggest that using harvest proportions for management planning and evaluation should be viewed with caution. In addition, we recommend that managers focus more attention on estimation of age-specific harvest rates, and modeling approaches which combine harvest rates with information from harvested individuals to further increase their ability to effectively manage deer populations under selective harvest programs. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, USGS Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Collier, BA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM bret@tamu.edu NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 24 PY 2007 VL 201 IS 2 BP 194 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.09.017 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 137GX UT WOS:000244282200009 ER PT J AU Larsen, CF Motyka, RJ Arendt, AA Echelmeyer, KA Geissler, PE AF Larsen, Christopher F. Motyka, Roman J. Arendt, Anthony A. Echelmeyer, Keith A. Geissler, Paul E. TI Glacier changes in southeast Alaska and northwest British Columbia and contribution to sea level rise SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID TIDEWATER GLACIER; TAKU GLACIER; MASS-BALANCE; CALVING GLACIERS; HOLOCENE HISTORY; LECONTE GLACIER; USA; ICE; AMERICA; CLIMATE AB [1] The digital elevation model (DEM) from the 2000 Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) was differenced from a composite DEM based on air photos dating from 1948 to 1987 to determine glacier volume changes in southeast Alaska and adjoining Canada. SRTM accuracy was assessed at +/- 5 m through comparison with airborne laser altimetry and control locations measured with GPS. Glacier surface elevations lowered over 95% of the 14,580 km(2) glacier-covered area analyzed, with some glaciers thinning as much as 640 m. A combination of factors have contributed to this wastage, including calving retreats of tidewater and lacustrine glaciers and climate change. Many glaciers in this region are particularly sensitive to climate change, as they have large areas at low elevations. However, several tidewater glaciers that had historically undergone calving retreats are now expanding and appear to be in the advancing stage of the tidewater glacier cycle. The net average rate of ice loss is estimated at 16.7 +/- 4.4 km(3)/yr, equivalent to a global sea level rise contribution of 0.04 +/- 0.01 mm/yr. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Larsen, CF (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM chris.larsen@gi.alaska.edu NR 46 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD FEB 24 PY 2007 VL 112 IS F1 AR F01007 DI 10.1029/2006JF000586 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 140BP UT WOS:000244477500001 ER PT J AU Hurwitz, S Christiansen, LB Hsieh, PA AF Hurwitz, Shaul Christiansen, Lizet B. Hsieh, Paul A. TI Hydrothermal fluid flow and deformation in large calderas: Inferences from numerical simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LONG-VALLEY-CALDERA; ELASTIC HALF-SPACE; SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; LARGE-SCALE DEFORMATION; CAMPI-FLEGREI CALDERA; TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE; GROUND DEFORMATION; THERMAL-EXPANSION; SURFACE DEFORMATION AB [ 1] Inflation and deflation of large calderas is traditionally interpreted as being induced by volume change of a discrete source embedded in an elastic or viscoelastic half-space, though it has also been suggested that hydrothermal fluids may play a role. To test the latter hypothesis, we carry out numerical simulations of hydrothermal fluid flow and poroelastic deformation in calderas by coupling two numerical codes: ( 1) TOUGH2 [Pruess et al., 1999], which simulates flow in porous or fractured media, and ( 2) BIOT2 [ Hsieh, 1996], which simulates fluid flow and deformation in a linearly elastic porous medium. In the simulations, high-temperature water ( 350 degrees C) is injected at variable rates into a cylinder ( radius 50 km, height 3 - 5 km). A sensitivity analysis indicates that small differences in the values of permeability and its anisotropy, the depth and rate of hydrothermal injection, and the values of the shear modulus may lead to significant variations in the magnitude, rate, and geometry of ground surface displacement, or uplift. Some of the simulated uplift rates are similar to observed uplift rates in large calderas, suggesting that the injection of aqueous fluids into the shallow crust may explain some of the deformation observed in calderas. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hurwitz, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM shaulh@usgs.gov NR 72 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 24 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B2 AR B02206 DI 10.1029/2006JB004689 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 140BY UT WOS:000244478500003 ER PT J AU Lerch, DW Glen, JMG Ponce, DA Miller, EL Colgan, JP AF Lerch, D. W. Glen, J. M. G. Ponce, D. A. Miller, E. L. Colgan, J. P. TI Crustal structure of the northwestern Basin and Range Province and its transition to unextended volcanic plateaus SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Basin and Range; crustal seismology; gravity; transition zone; tectonics; geodesy and gravity : general or miscellaneous; seismology : continental crust; tectonophysics : continental tectonics : extensional ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; MAFIC MAGMA CHAMBERS; PINE FOREST RANGE; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; CORE COMPLEX; GREAT-BASIN; EXTENSION AB [1] The northwestern margin of the Basin and Range Province is characterized by a transition from low-magnitude ( similar to 20%) extension in northwestern Nevada to relatively unextended volcanic plateaus in northeastern California. Seismic-velocity and potential-field modeling provides new control on the Mesozoic-to-present tectonic evolution of this poorly understood portion of the U. S. Cordillera. We document similar to 20% crustal thinning associated with Basin and Range extension from a crustal thickness of similar to 37 km under northeastern California to similar to 31 km under northwestern Nevada that is consistent with the amount of extension recorded in the upper crust in northwestern Nevada, suggesting the crustal response to extension was relatively homogeneous over the entire crustal column. Our modeling also shows a well-defined, 80-km-wide zone of unusually low upper-crustal velocities ( similar to 5.9 - 6.1 km/s) that coincide with the surface location of sparse Cretaceous granites, locating the elusive northern extension of the Sierra Nevada batholith through northwestern Nevada for the first time in the subsurface. Combining geological and geophysical data, we reconstruct the late Cretaceous-to-present crustal evolution of this region, documenting an interplay between magmatic addition to the crust, erosional exhumation, sedimentation, and extension that has reversed the direction of crustal thinning from a west-facing continental margin to an east-facing interior basin margin over this time interval. Finally, we find no evidence in northwestern Nevada for unusually thick crust (> 40 km) prior to Basin and Range extension. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lerch, DW (reprint author), Feather River Coll, 570 Golden Eagle Ave, Quincy, CA 95971 USA. EM dlerch@frc.edu OI Colgan, Joseph/0000-0001-6671-1436 NR 81 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD FEB 23 PY 2007 VL 8 AR Q02011 DI 10.1029/2006GC001429 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 140AG UT WOS:000244473700001 ER PT J AU Christiansen, LB Hurwitz, S Ingebritsen, SE AF Christiansen, Lizet B. Hurwitz, Shaul Ingebritsen, Steven E. TI Annual modulation of seismicity along the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, CA SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION EXPERIMENT; CALIFORNIA; MICROEARTHQUAKES; STRESS; SYSTEM; MICROSEISMICITY; HAZARD; FLUIDS; CREEP AB We analyze seismic data from the San Andreas Fault (SAF) near Parkfield, California, to test for annual modulation in seismicity rates. We use statistical analyses to show that seismicity is modulated with an annual period in the creeping section of the fault and a semiannual period in the locked section of the fault. Although the exact mechanism for seasonal triggering is undetermined, it appears that stresses associated with the hydrologic cycle are sufficient to fracture critically stressed rocks either through pore-pressure diffusion or crustal loading/ unloading. These results shed additional light on the state of stress along the SAF, indicating that hydrologically induced stress perturbations of similar to 2 kPa may be sufficient to trigger earthquakes. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Christiansen, LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM shaulh@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 23 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 4 AR L04306 DI 10.1029/2006GL028634 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 140AQ UT WOS:000244474800005 ER PT J AU Thomas, RJ Krehbiel, PR Rison, W Edens, HE Aulich, GD Winn, WP McNutt, SR Tytgat, G Clark, E AF Thomas, R. J. Krehbiel, P. R. Rison, W. Edens, H. E. Aulich, G. D. Winn, W. P. McNutt, S. R. Tytgat, G. Clark, E. TI Electrical activity during the 2006 Mount St. Augustine volcanic eruptions SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLOUDS; CRATER C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Langmuir Lab, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Alaska, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Thomas, RJ (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Langmuir Lab, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM thomas@nmt.edu NR 9 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 23 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5815 BP 1097 EP 1097 DI 10.1126/science.1136091 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 138UA UT WOS:000244387600028 PM 17322054 ER PT J AU Wiele, SM Wilcock, PR Grams, PE AF Wiele, S. M. Wilcock, P. R. Grams, P. E. TI Reach-averaged sediment routing model of a canyon river SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLORADO-RIVER; GRAND-CANYON; SUPPLY LIMITATION; GRAIN-SIZE; TRANSPORT; EVOLUTION; ARIZONA; FLOW; DAM AB [1] Spatial complexity in channel geometry indicates that accurate prediction of sediment transport requires modeling in at least two dimensions. However, a one-dimensional model may be the only practical or possible alternative, especially for longer river reaches of practical concern in river management or landscape modeling. We have developed a one-dimensional model of the Colorado River through upper Grand Canyon that addresses this problem by reach averaging the channel properties and predicting changes in sand storage using separate source and sink functions coupled to the sand routing model. The model incorporates results from the application of a two-dimensional model of flow, sand transport, and bed evolution, and a new algorithm for setting the near-bed sand boundary condition for sand transported over an exposed bouldery bed. Model predictions were compared to measurements of sand discharge during intermittent tributary inputs and varying discharges controlled by dam releases. The model predictions generally agree well with the timing and magnitude of measured sand discharges but tend to overpredict sand discharge during the early stages of a high release designed to redistribute sand to higher-elevation deposits. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85704 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Wiele, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 520 N Pk Ave,Suite 221, Tucson, AZ 85704 USA. RI Wilcock, Peter/A-3299-2010 NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 22 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 AR W02425 DI 10.1029/2005WR004824 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 140CH UT WOS:000244479500002 ER PT J AU Kurwadkar, ST Adams, CD Meyer, MT Kolpin, DW AF Kurwadkar, Sudarshan T. Adams, Craig D. Meyer, Michael T. Kolpin, Dana W. TI Effects of sorbate speciation on sorption of selected sulfonamides in three loamy soils SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE soil sorption; antimicrobials; sulfamethazine; sulfathiazole; sulfonamides; soil pH; speciation ID ANTIBIOTICS; WATER; TETRACYCLINES; ENVIRONMENT; CONSTANTS; SURFACE AB Sorption of sulfamethazine (SMN) and sulfathiazole (STZ) was investigated in three soils, a North Carolina loamy sand, an Iowa sandy loam, and a Missouri loam, under various pH conditions. A significant increase in the sorption coefficient (K-D) was observed in all three soils, as the sulfonamides converted from an anionic form at higher pH to a neutral/cationic form at lower pH. Above pH 7.5, sulfonamides exist primarily in anionic form and have higher aqueous solubility and no cationic character, thereby consequently leading to lower sorption to soils. The effect of speciation on sorption is not the same for all sulfonamides; it is a function of the pH of the soil and the pK(a) of the sulfonamides. The results indicate that, for the soils under investigation, SMN has comparatively lower K-D values than STZ. The pH-dependent sorption of sulfonamides was observed to be consistent in all three soils investigated. The K-D values for each speciated formcationic, neutral, and anionicwere calculated using an empirical model in which the species-specific sorption coefficients (K-D0, K-D1, and K-D2) were weighted with their respective fractions present at any given pH. C1 Univ Missouri, Environm Res Ctr Emerging Contaminants, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. RP Adams, CD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Environm Res Ctr Emerging Contaminants, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Butler Carlton Hall,1870 Miner Circle, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM adams@umr.edu OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 30 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 21 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1370 EP 1376 DI 10.1021/jf060612o PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 136EZ UT WOS:000244206700044 PM 17300155 ER PT J AU Mastin, LG AF Mastin, Larry G. TI Generation of fine hydromagmatic ash by growth and disintegration of glassy rinds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID FUEL-COOLANT INTERACTIONS; BOILING HEAT-TRANSFER; ERUPTIVE MECHANISMS; THERMAL EXPLOSIONS; KILAUEA VOLCANO; SURTSEY VOLCANO; SPRAY FORMATION; SILICATE MELTS; LAVA FLOWS; GRAIN-SIZE AB [ 1] The deposits of mafic hydromagmatic eruptions are more fine grained and variable in vesicularity than dry magmatic deposits. Blocky, equant shapes of many hydromagmatic clasts also contrast with droplet, thread, and bubble wall morphology of dry magmatic fragments. Small (< similar to 180 mu m), blocky hydromagmatic pyroclasts have traditionally been interpreted to result from discrete vapor explosions, although such explosions tend to occur only under certain conditions. This paper considers a process of hydromagmatic ash formation that involves repeated growth and disintegration of glassy rinds on pyroclast surfaces as they deform within turbulent flows. This process, termed "turbulent shedding'', may occur during the expansion phase of vapor explosions or during turbulent but nonexplosive mixing of magma with water, steam, or water sprays. The occurrence of turbulent shedding and the resulting fragment sizes depend on the timescale for rind growth and the timescale between disturbances that remove or disintegrate glassy rinds. Turbulent shedding is directly observable in some small littoral jets at Kilauea. Calculations suggest that, in the presence of liquid water or water sprays, glassy rinds having a thickness of microns to millimeters should form in milliseconds to seconds. This is similar to the timescale between turbulent velocity fluctuations that can shred lava globules and remove such rinds. The fraction of a deposit consisting of fine ash should increase with the duration of this process: Large-scale Surtseyan jets generate hundreds or thousands of shedding events; bubble bursts or tephra jets at Kilauea's coast may produce only a few. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Mastin, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM lgmastin@usgs.gov NR 74 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 21 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B2 AR B02203 DI 10.1029/2005JB003883 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 140BW UT WOS:000244478300001 ER PT J AU Delin, GN Healy, RW Lorenz, DL Nimmo, JR AF Delin, Geoffrey N. Healy, Richard W. Lorenz, David L. Nimmo, John R. TI Comparison of local- to regional-scale estimates of ground-water recharge in Minnesota, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE recharge; ground water; unsaturated zone; model; soil moisture ID WATER-TABLE; TRANSPORT; BASIN AB Regional ground-water recharge estimates for Minnesota were compared to estimates made on the basis of four local- and basin-scale methods. Three local-scale methods (unsaturated-zone water balance, water-table fluctuations (WTF) using three approaches, and age dating of ground water) yielded point estimates of recharge that represent spatial scales from about 1 to about 1000 m(2). A fourth method (RORA, a basin-scale analysis of streamflow records using a recession-curve-displacement technique) yielded recharge estimates at a scale of 10-1000s of km(2). The RORA basin-scale recharge estimates were regionalized to estimate recharge for the entire State of Minnesota on the basis of a regional regression recharge (RRR) model that also incorporated soil and climate data. Recharge rates estimated by the RRR model compared favorably to the local and basin-scale recharge estimates. RRR estimates at study locations were about 41% less on average than the unsaturated-zone water-balance estimates, ranged from 44% greater to 12% less than estimates that were based on the three WTF approaches, were about 4% less than the age dating of ground-water estimates, and were about 5% greater than the RORA estimates. Of the methods used in this study, the WTF method is the simplest and easiest to apply. Recharge estimates made on the basis of the UZWB method were inconsistent with the results from the other methods. Recharge estimates using the RRR model could be a good source of input for regional ground-water flow models; RRR model results currently are being applied for this purpose in USGS studies elsewhere. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Delin, GN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2280 Woodale Dr, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. EM delin@usgs.gov; rwhealy@usgs.gov; torenz@usgs.gov; jrnimmo@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 6 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB 20 PY 2007 VL 334 IS 1-2 BP 231 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.10.010 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 138ZE UT WOS:000244401000019 ER PT J AU Corsetti, FA Stewart, JH Hagadorn, JW AF Corsetti, Frank A. Stewart, John H. Hagadorn, James W. TI Neoproterozoic diamictite-cap carbonate succession and delta C-13 chemostratigraphy from eastern Sonora, Mexico SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th South American Symposium on Isotope Geology CY AUG, 2003 CL Salvador, BRAZIL SP Govt State Bahia, Brazilian Agcy, Natl Council Sci Res, CAPES Fdn, French IRD, Geosol Lakefield DE Neoproterozoic; chemostratigraphy; Mexico; Sonora; cap carbonate ID KINGSTON PEAK FORMATION; SNOWBALL EARTH; DEATH-VALLEY; MARINOAN GLACIATION; POCATELLO FORMATION; AGE CONSTRAINTS; GLOBAL CHANGE; ICE AGES; EXCURSIONS; CALIFORNIA AB Despite the occurrence of Neoproterozoic strata throughout the southwestern U.S. and Sonora, Mexico, glacial units overlain by enigmatic cap carbonates have not been well-documented south of Death Valley, California. Here, we describe in detail the first glaciogenic diamictite and cap carbonate succession from Mexico, found in the Cerro Las Bolas Group. The diamictite is exposed near Sahuaripa, Sonora, and is overlain by a 5 in thick very finely-laminated dolostone with soft sediment folds. Carbon isotopic chemostratigraphy of the finely-laminated dolostone reveals a negative delta C-13 anomaly (down to -3.2 parts per thousand PDB) characteristic of cap carbonates worldwide. Carbon isotopic values rise to +10 parts per thousand across - 400 in of section in overlying carbonates of the Mina el Mezquite and Monteso Formations. The pattern recorded here is mostly characteristic of post-Sturtian (ca. <= 700 Ma), but preMarinoan (ca. >= 635 Ma) time. However, the Cerro Las Bolas Group shares ambiguity common to most Neoproterozoic successions: it lacks useful radiometric age constraints and biostratigraphically useful fossils, and its delta C-13 signature is oscillatory and therefore somewhat equivocal. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Amherst Coll, Dept Geol, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. RP Corsetti, FA (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM fcorsett@usc.edu NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 237 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.06.020 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 148KK UT WOS:000245073100008 ER PT J AU Short, JW Irvine, GV Mann, DH Maselko, JM Pella, JJ Lindeberg, MR Payne, JR Driskell, WB Rice, SD AF Short, Jeffrey W. Irvine, Gail V. Mann, Daniel H. Maselko, Jacek M. Pella, Jerome J. Lindeberg, Mandy R. Payne, James R. Driskell, William B. Rice, Stanley D. TI Slightly weathered Exxon Valdez oil persists in Gulf of Alaska beach sediments after 16 years SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ANAEROBIC OXIDATION; SPILL; HYDROCARBONS; PETROLEUM; ENVIRONMENT; SHORELINES AB Oil stranded by the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill has persisted in subsurface sediments of exposed shores for 16 years. With annualized loss rates declining from similar to 68% yr(-1) prior to 1992 to similar to 4% yr(-1) after 2001, weathering processes are retarded in both sediments and residual emulsified oil ("oil mousse"), and retention of toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is prolonged. The n-alkanes, typically very readily oxidized by microbes, instead remain abundant in many stranded emulsified oil samples from the Gulf of Alaska. They are less abundant in Prince William Sound samples, where stranded oil was less viscous. Our results indicate that, at some locations, remaining subsurface oil may persist for decades with little change. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Art Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Paybe Environm Consultants, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA. RP Short, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Jeff.Short@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1245 EP 1250 DI 10.1021/es0620033 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135NZ UT WOS:000244161600032 PM 17593726 ER PT J AU Slowey, AJ Brown, GE AF Slowey, Aaron J. Brown, Gordon E., Jr. TI Transformations of mercury, iron, and sulfur during the reductive dissolution of iron oxyhydroxide by sulfide SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review ID DESULFOBULBUS-PROPIONICUS 1PR3; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; MINE TAILINGS; METHYLMERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; METHYLATION RATES AB Methylmercury can accumulate in fish to concentrations unhealthy for humans and other predatory mammals. Most sources of mercury (Hg) emit inorganic species to the environment. Therefore, ecological harm occurs when inorganic Hg is converted to methylmercury. Sulfate- and iron-reducing bacteria (SRB and FeRB) methylate Hg, but the effects of processes involving oxidized and reduced forms of sulfur and iron on the reactivity of Hg, including the propensity of inorganic Hg to be methylated, are poorly understood. Under abiotic conditions, using a laboratory flow reactor, bisulfide (HS-) was added at 40 to 250 mu M h(-1) to 5 g L-1 goethite (alpha-FeOOH) suspensions to which Hg(II) was adsorbed (30-100 nmol m(-2)) at pH 7.5. Dissolved Hg initially decreased from 10(3) or 10(4) nM (depending on initial conditions) to 10(-1) nM, during which the concentration of Hg(II) adsorbed to goethite decreased by 80% and metacinnabar (beta-HgS(s)) formed. based on identification using Hg L-III-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopic analysis. The apparent coordination of oxygens surrounding Hg(II), measured with EXAFS spectroscopy, increased during one flow experiment, suggesting desorption of monodentate-bound Hg(II) while bidentate-bound Hg(II) persisted on the goethite surface. Further sulfidation increased dissolved Hg concentrations by one to two orders of magnitude (0.5 to 10 nM or 30 nM), suggesting that byproducts of bisulfide oxidation and Fe(III) reduction, primarily polysulfide and potentially Fe(II), enhanced the dissolution of beta-HgS(s) and/or desorption of Hg(II). Rapid accumulation of Fe(II) in the solid phase (up to 40 mu mol g(-1)) coincided with faster elevation of dissolved Hg concentrations. Fe(II) served as a proxy for elemental sulfur [S(0)], as S(0) was the dominant bisulfide oxidation product coupled to Fe(III) reduction. based on sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. In one experiment, dissolved Hg concentrations tracked those of all sulfide species [S(-II)]. These results suggest that S(-II) reacted with S(0) to form polysulfide, which then caused the dissolution of beta-HgS(s). A secondary Fe-bearing phase resembling poorly formed green rust was observed in sulfidized solids with scanning electron microscopy,. although there was no clear evidence that either surface-bound or mineralized Fe(II) strongly affected Hg speciation. Examination of interrelated processes involving S(41) and Fe(III) revealed new modes of Hg solubilization previously not considered in Hg reactivity models. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Slowey, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 901, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM aaron.slowey@gmail.com NR 104 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 877 EP 894 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.11.011 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 136YH UT WOS:000244259500006 ER PT J AU Morford, JL Martin, WR Kalnejais, LH Francois, R Bothner, M Karle, IM AF Morford, Jennifer L. Martin, William R. Kalnejais, Linda H. Francois, Roger Bothner, Michael Karle, Ida-Maja TI Insights on geochemical cycling of U, Re and Mo from seasonal sampling in Boston Harbor, Massachusetts, USA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE; GLACIAL-INTERGLACIAL CHANGES; DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; TRACE-METALS; URANIUM GEOCHEMISTRY; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS AB This study examined the removal of U, Mo, and Re from seawater by sedimentary processes at a shallow-water site with near-saturation bottom water O-2 levels (240-380 mu mol O-2/L), very high organic matter oxidation rates (annually averaged rate is 880 mu mol C/cm(2)/y), and shallow oxygen penetration depths (4 mm or less throughout the year). Under these conditions, U, Mo, and Re were removed rapidly to asymptotic pore water concentrations of 2.2-3.3 nmol/kg (U), 7-13 nmol/kg (Mo), and 11-14 pmol/kg (Re). The depth order in which the three metals were removed, determined by fitting a diffusion-reaction model to measured profiles, was Re < U < Mo. Model fits also suggest that the Mo profiles clearly showed the presence of a near-interface layer in which Mo was added to pore waters by remineralization of a solid phase. The importance of this solid phase source of pore water Mo increased from January to October as the organic matter oxidation rate increased, bottom water O-2 decreased, and the O-2 penetration depth decreased. Experiments with in situ benthic flux chambers generally showed fluxes of U and Mo into the sediments. However, when the overlying water O-2 concentration in the chambers was allowed to drop to very low levels, Mn and Fe were released to the overlying water along with the simultaneous release of Mo and U. These experiments suggest that remineralization of Mn and/or Fe oxides may be a source of Mo and perhaps U to pore waters, and may complicate the accumulation of U and Mo in bioturbated sediments with high organic matter oxidation rates and shallow O-2 penetration depths. Benthic chamber experiments including the nonreactive solute tracer, Br-, indicated that sediment irrigation was very important to solute exchange at the study site. The enhancement of sediment-seawater exchange due to irrigation was determined for the nonreactive tracer (Br-), TCO2, NH4+, U and Mo. The comparisons between these solutes showed that reactions within and around the burrows were very important for modulating the Mo flux, but less important for U. The effect of these reactions on Mo exchange was highly variable, enhancing Mo (and, to a lesser extent, U) uptake at times of relatively modest irrigation, but inhibiting exchange when irrigation rates were faster. These results reinforce the observation that Mo can be released to and removed from pore waters via sedimentary reactions. The removal rate of U and Mo from seawater by sedimentary reactions was found to agree with the rate of accumulation of authigenic U and Mo in the solid phase. The fluxes of U and Mo determined by in situ benthic flux chamber measurements were the largest that have been measured to date. These results confirm that removal of redox-sensitive metals from continental margin sediments underlying oxic bottom water is important, and suggest that continental margin sediments play a key role in the marine budgets of these metals. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Analyt & Marine Chem, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Morford, JL (reprint author), Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Chem, POB 3003, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. EM jennifer.morford@fandm.edu RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; Hassellov, Ida-Maja/B-6646-2016; OI Hassellov, Ida-Maja/0000-0003-3216-0597; Morford, Jennifer/0000-0003-4882-6576 NR 70 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 895 EP 917 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.10.016 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 136YH UT WOS:000244259500007 ER PT J AU Godt, JW Coe, JA AF Godt, Jonathan W. Coe, Jeffrey A. TI Alpine debris flows triggered by a 28 July 1999 thunderstorm in the central Front Range, Colorado SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Colorado; front range; alpine environment; debris flow; rainfall; topography; alpine soils; North American Monsoon ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; FIELD; INITIATION; MOUNTAIN; EROSION; LANDSLIDES; MORPHOLOGY; RAINFALL; ARIZONA AB On 28 July 1999, about 480 alpine debris flows were triggered by an afternoon thunderstorm along the Continental Divide in Clear Creek and Summit counties in the central Front Range of Colorado. The thunderstorm produced about 43 torn of rain in 4 h, 35 mm of which fell in the first 2 h. Several debris flows triggered by the storm impacted Interstate Highway 70, U.S. Highway 6, and the Arapahoe Basin ski area. We mapped the debris flows from color aerial photography and inspected many of them in the field. Three processes initiated debris flows. The first process initiated 11% of the debris flows and involved the mobilization of shallow landslides in thick, often well vegetated, colluvium. The second process, which was responsible for 79% of the flows, was the transport of material eroded from steep unvegetated hillslopes via a system of coalescing rills. The third, which has been termed the "firehose effect," initiated 10% of the debris flows and occurred where overland flow became concentrated in steep bedrock channels and scoured debris from talus deposits and the heads of debris fans. These three processes initiated high on steep hillsides (> 30 degrees) in catchments with small contributing areas (< 8000 m(2)), however, shallow landslides occurred on slopes that were significantly less steep than either overland flow process. Based on field observations and examination of soils mapping of the northern part of the study area, we identified a relation between the degree of soil development and the process type that generated debris flows. In general, areas with greater soil development were less likely to generate runoff and therefore less likely to generate debris flows by the firehose effect or by rilling. The character of the surficial cover and the spatially variable hydrologic response to intense rainfall, rather than a threshold of contributing area and topographic slope, appears to control the initiation process in the high alpine of the Front Range. Because debris flows initiated by rilling and the firehose effect tend to increase in volume as they travel downslope, these debris flows are potentially more hazardous than those initiated by shallow landslides, which tend to deposit material along their paths. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Godt, Jonathan W.; Coe, Jeffrey A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Godt, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jgodt@usgs.gov OI Coe, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0842-9608 NR 72 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 80 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.009 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 244UT UT WOS:000251891500005 ER PT J AU Hinkle, SR Bohlke, JK Duff, JH Morgan, DS Weick, RJ AF Hinkle, Stephen R. Bohlke, J. K. Duff, John H. Morgan, David S. Weick, Rodney J. TI Aquifer-scale controls on the distribution of nitrate and ammonium in ground water near La Pine, Oregon, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE septic systems; ground water; denitrification; geochemistry; ammonium ion ID DOMESTIC WASTE-WATER; SEPTIC SYSTEMS; BIOGEOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; NITROGEN; DENITRIFICATION; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; CONTAMINATION; SOLUBILITY; SEAWATER AB Geochemical and isotopic toots were applied at aquifer, transect, and subtransect scales to provide a framework for understanding sources, transport, and fate of dissolved inorganic N in a sandy aquifer near La Pine, Oregon. NO(3) is a common contaminant in shallow ground water in this area, whereas high concentrations of NH(4)- N (up to 39 mg/L) are present in deep ground water. N concentrations, N/Cl ratios, tracer-based apparent ground-water ages, N isotope data, and hydraulic gradients indicate that septic tank effluent is the primary source of NO(3). N isotope data, N/Cl and N/C relations, H data, and hydraulic considerations point to a natural, sedimentary organic matter source for the high concentrations of NH(4), and are inconsistent with an origin as septic tank N. Low recharge rates and flow velocities have largely restricted anthropogenic NO(3) to isolated plumes within several meters of the water table. A variety of geochemical and isotopic data indicate that denitrification also affects NO(3) gradients in the aquifer. Ground water in the La Pine aquifer evolves from oxic to increasingly reduced conditions. Suboxic conditions are achieved after about 15-30 y of transport below the water table. NO(3) is denitrified near the oxic/suboxic boundary. Denitrification in the La Pine aquifer is characterized well at the aquifer scale with a redox boundary approach that inherently captures spatial variability in the distribution of electron donors. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97216 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Oregon Dept Environm Qual, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Hinkle, SR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 10615 SE Cherry Blossom Dr, Portland, OR 97216 USA. EM srhinkle@usgs.gov NR 76 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 333 IS 2-4 BP 486 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.09.013 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 135NS UT WOS:000244160900024 ER PT J AU Kokaly, RF Rockwell, BW Haire, SL King, TVV AF Kokaly, Raymond F. Rockwell, Barnaby W. Haire, Sandra L. King, Trude V. V. TI Characterization of post-fire surface cover, soils, and burn severity at the Cerro Grande Fire, New Mexico, using hyperspectral and multispectral remote sensing SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE fire; wildland fire; post-fire; surface cover; hyperspectral remote sensing; imaging spectroscopy; landsat; multispectral remote sensing; AVIRIS; ash; soil mineralogy ID WATER REPELLENCY; FOREST-FIRE; CLAY SOILS; SPECTROSCOPY; REGRESSION; EROSION; IMAGES; AVIRIS; ASH AB Forest fires leave behind a changed ecosystem with a patchwork of surface cover that includes ash, charred organic matter, soils and soil minerals, and dead, damaged, and living vegetation. The distributions of these materials affect post-fire processes of erosion, nutrient cycling, and vegetation regrowth. We analyzed high spatial resolution (2.4 in pixel size) Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data collected over the Cerro Grande fire, to map post-fire surface cover into 10 classes, including ash, soil minerals, scorched conifer trees, and green vegetation. The Cerro Grande fire occurred near Los Alamos, New Mexico, in May 2000. The AVIRIS data were collected September 3, 2000. The surface cover map revealed complex patterns of ash, iron oxide minerals, and clay minerals in areas of complete combustion. Scorched conifer trees, which retained dry needles heated by the fire but not fully combusted by the flames, were found to cover much of the post-fire landscape. These scorched trees were found in narrow zones at the edges of completely burned areas. A surface cover map was also made using Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) data, collected September 5, 2000, and a maximum likelihood, supervised classification. When compared to AVIRIS, the Landsat classification grossly overestimated cover by dry conifer and ash classes and severely underestimated soil and green vegetation cover. In a comparison of AVIRIS surface cover to the Burned Area Emergency Rehabilitation (BAER) map of burn severity, the BAER high burn severity areas did not capture the variable patterns of post-fire surface cover by ash, soil, and scorched conifer trees seen in the AVIRIS map. The BAER map, derived from air photos, also did not capture the distribution of scorched trees that were observed in the AVIRIS map. Similarly, the moderate severity class of Landsat-derived burn severity maps generated from the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) calculation had low agreement with the AVIRIS classes of scorched conifer trees. Burn severity and surface cover images were found to contain complementary information, with the dNBR map presenting an image of degree of change caused by fire and the AVIRIS-derived map showing specific surface cover resulting from fire. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Kokaly, RF (reprint author), Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM raymond@usgs.gov RI Kokaly, Raymond/A-6817-2017; OI Kokaly, Raymond/0000-0003-0276-7101; Haire, Sandra/0000-0002-5356-7567 NR 43 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 11 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 106 IS 3 BP 305 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.08.006 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 138HE UT WOS:000244352900003 ER PT J AU Getz, WM Fortmann-Roe, S Cross, PC Lyons, AJ Ryan, SJ Wilmers, CC AF Getz, Wayne M. Fortmann-Roe, Scott Cross, Paul C. Lyons, Andrew J. Ryan, Sadie J. Wilmers, Christopher C. TI LoCoH: Nonparameteric Kernel Methods for Constructing Home Ranges and Utilization Distributions SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Parametric kernel methods currently dominate the literature regarding the construction of animal home ranges (HRs) and utilization distributions (UDs). These methods frequently fail to capture the kinds of hard boundaries common to many natural systems. Recently a local convex hull (LoCoH) nonparametric kernel method, which generalizes the minimum convex polygon (MCP) method, was shown to be more appropriate than parametric kernel methods for constructing HRs and UDs, because of its ability to identify hard boundaries (e. g., rivers, cliff edges) and convergence to the true distribution as sample size increases. Here we extend the LoCoH in two ways: "fixed sphere-of-influence,'' or r-LoCoH (kernels constructed from all points within a fixed radius r of each reference point), and an "adaptive sphere-of-influence,'' or a-LoCoH (kernels constructed from all points within a radius a such that the distances of all points within the radius to the reference point sum to a value less than or equal to a), and compare them to the original "fixed-number-of-points,'' or k-LoCoH (all kernels constructed from k-1 nearest neighbors of root points). We also compare these nonparametric LoCoH to parametric kernel methods using manufactured data and data collected from GPS collars on African buffalo in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Our results demonstrate that LoCoH methods are superior to parametric kernel methods in estimating areas used by animals, excluding unused areas (holes) and, generally, in constructing UDs and HRs arising from the movement of animals influenced by hard boundaries and irregular structures (e. g., rocky outcrops). We also demonstrate that a-LoCoH is generally superior to k- and r-LoCoH (with software for all three methods available at http://locoh.cnr.berkeley.edu). C1 [Getz, Wayne M.; Fortmann-Roe, Scott; Lyons, Andrew J.; Ryan, Sadie J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Getz, Wayne M.] Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Cross, Paul C.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cross, Paul C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Wilmers, Christopher C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Getz, WM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM getz@nature.berkeley.edu RI Ryan, Sadie/H-1595-2012; OI Ryan, Sadie/0000-0002-4308-6321; Getz, Wayne/0000-0001-8784-9354 FU NSF EID; James S McDonnell Foundation; NSF FX NSF EID and James S McDonnell Foundation Grants to WMG. EPA STAR and NSF Bioinformatics Postdoctoral Grans to SJR. NR 33 TC 168 Z9 174 U1 9 U2 88 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 14 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 2 AR e207 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000207 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10DJ UT WOS:000207444400008 PM 17299587 ER PT J AU Pullen, J Doyle, JD Haack, T Dorman, C Signell, RP Lee, CM AF Pullen, Julie Doyle, James D. Haack, Tracy Dorman, Clive Signell, Richard P. Lee, Craig M. TI Bora event variability and the role of air-sea feedback SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ADRIATIC SEA; FLUXES; FLOW; JET AB A two-way interacting high resolution numerical simulation of the Adriatic Sea using the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) and Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS(R)) was conducted to improve forecast momentum and heat flux fields, and to evaluate surface flux field differences for two consecutive bora events during February 2003. (COAMPS(R) is a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory.) The strength, mean positions and extensions of the bora jets, and the atmospheric conditions driving them varied considerably between the two events. Bora 1 had 62% stronger heat flux and 51% larger momentum flux than bora 2. The latter displayed much greater diurnal variability characterized by inertial oscillations and the early morning strengthening of a west Adriatic barrier jet, beneath which a stronger west Adriatic ocean current developed. Elsewhere, surface ocean current differences between the two events were directly related to differences in wind stress curl generated by the position and strength of the individual bora jets. The mean heat flux bias was reduced by 72%, and heat flux RMSE reduced by 30% on average at four instrumented over-water sites in the two-way coupled simulation relative to the uncoupled control. Largest reductions in wind stress were found in the bora jets, while the biggest reductions in heat flux were found along the north and west coasts of the Adriatic. In bora 2, SST gradients impacted the wind stress curl along the north and west coasts, and in bora 1 wind stress curl was sensitive to the Istrian front position and strength. The two-way coupled simulation produced diminished surface current speeds of similar to 12% over the northern Adriatic during both bora compared with a one-way coupled simulation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Pullen, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM julie.pullen@nrlmry.navy.mil OI Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613 NR 34 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 13 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C3 AR C03S18 DI 10.1029/2006JC003726 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 138NY UT WOS:000244370600001 ER PT J AU Swarzenski, PW Yates, K Baskaran, M Henderson, CS AF Swarzenski, Peter W. Yates, Kim Baskaran, Mark Henderson, Carl S. TI Tampa Bay as a model estuary for examining the impact of human activities on biogeochemical processes: An introduction SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID FLORIDA C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Geol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Stratford, NJ 08084 USA. RP Swarzenski, PW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM pswarzen@usgs.gov OI Baskaran, Mark/0000-0002-2218-4328 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD FEB 13 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2006.12.009 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 146YW UT WOS:000244971600001 ER PT J AU Klerks, PL Felder, DL Strasser, K Swarzenski, PW AF Klerks, Paul L. Felder, Darryl L. Strasser, Karen Swarzenski, Peter W. TI Effects of ghost shrimp on zinc and cadmium in sediments from Tampa Bay, FL SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE metals; sediments; sediment composition; bioturbation; particle size; ghost shrimp; USA; Florida; Tampa Bay ID AQABA RED-SEA; CALLICHIRUS-LAURAE; BIKINI ATOLLS; THALASSINIDEA; DECAPODA; BURROWS; BIOTURBATION; CRUSTACEA; ENEWETAK; RATES AB This study investigated the effects that ghost shrimp have on the distribution of metals in sediment. We measured levels of HNO3-extractable zinc and cadmium in surface sediment, in ghost shrimp burrow walls and in sediment ejected by the ghost shrimp from their burrows, at five sandy intertidal sites in Tampa Bay. Ghost shrimp densities and their rate of sediment ejection were also quantified, as were sediment organic content and silt+clay content. Densities of ghost shrimp (Sergio trilobata and Lepidophthalmus louisianensis) averaged 33/m(2) at our sites, and they ejected sediment at an average rate of 28 g/burrow/day. Levels of both Zn and Cd were significantly higher in burrow walls than in surface sediments. Sediment ejected by the shrimp from their burrows had elevated levels of Zn (relative to surface sediments) at one of the sites. Sediment organic content and silt+clay content were higher in burrow-wall sediments than in ejected sediment, which in turn tended to have values above those of surface sediments. Differences in levels of HNO3-extractable Zn and Cd among sediment types may be a consequence of these sediments differing in other physiochemical characteristics, though the differences in metal levels remained statistically significant for some sites after correcting for differences in organic content and silt+clay content. We conclude that the presence of ghost shrimp burrows contributes to spatial heterogeneity of sedimentary metal levels, while the ghost shrimp bioturbation results in a significant flux of metals to the sediment surface and is expected to decrease heterogeneity of metal levels in sedimentary depth profiles. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. Univ Tampa, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Klerks, PL (reprint author), Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, Box 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM klerks@louisiana.edu RI Klerks, Paul/B-6135-2011 OI Klerks, Paul/0000-0001-9895-5144 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD FEB 13 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2006.12.014 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 146YW UT WOS:000244971600003 ER PT J AU Baskaran, M Swarzenski, PW AF Baskaran, M. Swarzenski, P. W. TI Seasonal variations on the residence times and partitioning of short-lived radionuclides (Th-234, Be-7 and Pb-210) and depositional fluxes of Be-7 and Pb-210 in Tampa Bay, Florida SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Tampa Bay; scavenging of particle-reactive radionuclides; Be-7; Pd-210; Th-234; distribution coefficients; residence times of nuclides ID NEW-YORK BIGHT; COASTAL MARINE ENVIRONMENTS; AMAZON SHELF; URANIUM GEOCHEMISTRY; REACTIVE POLLUTANTS; THORIUM ISOTOPES; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; CANADA BASIN; ARCTIC-OCEAN AB Historically, Tampa Bay has been impacted heavily by a wide range of anthropogenic perturbations that may include, agricultural-, shipping-, phosphate mining/distribution-related activities, as well as a burgeoning coastal population. Due to the presence of U-rich underlying sediments, elevated activities of U- and Th-series daughter products may be naturally released into this system. This region is also known for summer thunderstorms and corresponding increases in precipitation and surface water runoff. Only limited work has been conducted on the partitioning of particle-reactive radionuclides (such as Be-7, Pb-210, and Th-234) in such a dynamic coastal system. We investigated both the removal residence time and partitioning of these radionuclides between filter-retained particulate matter (>= 0.5 mu m) and the filtrate (< 0.5 mu m) phase during late spring (June 2003) and mid summer (August 2003) in the water column of Tampa Bay. Our results indicate that the partitioning of Be-7, Pb-210, and Tb-234 between filtrate and filter-retained phase is controlled foremost by enhanced bottom resuspension events during summer thunderstorms. As a consequence, no significant relationship exists between the distribution coefficients (K-d values) of these isotopes and the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM). Relatively faster recycling rates of atmospheric water vapor derived from the ocean results in lower atmospheric depositional fluxes of Pb-210 to the study site than predicted. The relationship between Be-7 and Pb-210 in bulk (wet+dry) deposition is compared to their respective water column activities. The residence times of particulate and dissolved Th-234, Be-7 and Pb-210, as well the distribution coefficients of these radionuclides, are then compared to values reported in other coastal systems. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Geol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Baskaran, M (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Geol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM Baskaran@wayne.edu OI Baskaran, Mark/0000-0002-2218-4328 NR 57 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD FEB 13 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2006.06.012 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 146YW UT WOS:000244971600004 ER PT J AU Swarzenski, PW Baskaran, M AF Swarzenski, Peter W. Baskaran, Mark TI Uranium distribution in the coastal waters and pore waters of Tampa Bay, Florida SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE uranium; pore water; estuary; river water; seawater; non-conservative; submarine groundwater discharge ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; TH-SERIES NUCLIDES; AMAZON SHELF; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; TRACE-METALS; ORGANIC-MATTER; WORLD RIVERS; SEA-WATER; U-SERIES AB The geochemical reactivity of uranium (U-238) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Fe, Mn, Ba, and V was investigated in the water column, pore waters, and across a river/estuarine mixing zone in Tampa Bay, Florida. This large estuary is impacted both by diverse anthropogenic activity and by extensive U-rich phosphatic deposits. Thus, the estuarine behavior of uranium may be examined relative to such known U enrichments and anthropogenic perturbations. Dissolved (< 0.45 m) uranium exhibited both removal and enrichment processes across the Alafia River/estuarine mixing zone relative to conservative mixing. Such non-conservative U behavior may be attributed to: i) physical mixing processes within the river; ii) U carrier phase reactivity; and/or iii) fluid exchange processes across sediment/water interface. In the bay proper, U concentrations were similar to 2 to 3 times greater than those reported for other estuarine systems and are likely a result of erosional inputs from the extensive, underlying U-rich phosphatic deposits. Whereas dissolved U concentrations generally did not approach seawater values (13.6 nM) along the Alafia River salinity transect, water column U concentrations exceeded 16 nM in select regions of the bay. Within the hydrogeological framework of the bay, such enriched U may also be derived from advective fluid transport processes across the sediment/water interface, such as submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) or hyporheic exchange within coastal rivers. Pore water profiles of U in Tampa Bay show both a flux into and out of bottom sediments, and average, diffusive U pore water fluxes (J(diff)) ranged from -82.0 to 116.6 mol d(-1). It is likely that negative U fluxes imply seawater entrainment or infiltration (i.e., submarine groundwater recharge), which may contribute to the removal of water column uranium. For comparison, a bay-wide, Ra-derived submarine groundwater discharge estimate for Tampa Bay (8 L m(-2) d(-1)) yielded an average, advective (J(SGD)) U flux of 112.9 mol d(-1). In Tampa Bay, the estuarine distribution of U indicates a strong natural, geologic control that may also be influenced by enhanced fluid transport processes across the sediment/water interface. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Swarzenski, PW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM pswarzen@usgs.gov NR 86 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD FEB 13 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2006.05.002 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 146YW UT WOS:000244971600005 ER PT J AU Swarzenski, PW Reich, C Kroeger, KD Baskaran, M AF Swarzenski, Peter W. Reich, Chris Kroeger, Kevin D. Baskaran, Mark TI Ra and Rn isotopes as natural tracers of submarine groundwater discharge in Tampa Bay, Florida SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Tampa Bay; submarine groundwater discharge; radium; radon; nutrient loading estimates; estuary; coastal waters ID BROWN-TIDE BLOOMS; COASTAL WATERS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; CONTINUOUS MONITOR; RADIUM ISOTOPES; CHESAPEAKE BAY; WEST FLORIDA; RN-222; SEEPAGE; ESTUARY AB A suite of naturally occurring radionuclides in the U/Th decay series (Rn-222, Ra-223,Ra-224,Ra-226,Ra-228) were studied during wet and dry conditions in Tampa Bay, Florida, to evaluate their utility as groundwater discharge tracers, both within the bay proper and within the Alafia River/estuary - a prominent firee-flowing river that empties into the bay. In Tampa Bay, almost 30% of the combined riverine inputs still remain ungauged. Consequently, groundwater/surface water (hyporheic) exchange in the discharging coastal rivers, as well as submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) within the bay, are still unresolved components of this system's water and material budgets. Based on known inputs and sinks, there exists an excess of Ra-226 in the water column of Tampa Bay, which can be evaluated in terms of a submarine groundwater contribution to the bay proper. Submarine groundwater discharge rates calculated using a mass balance of excess Ra-226 ranged from 2.2 to 14.5 L m(-2) day(-1), depending on whether the estuarine residence time was calculated using Ra-224/xs(228)Ra isotope ratios, or whether a long term, averaged model-derived estuarine residence time was used. When extrapolated to the total shoreline length of the bay, such SGD rates ranged from 1.6 to 10.3 m(3) m(-1) day(-1). Activities of Rn-222 were also elevated in surface water and shallow groundwater of the bay, as well as in the Alafia River estuary, where upstream activities as high as 250 dpm L-1 indicate enhanced groundwater/surface water exchange, facilitated by an active spring vent. From average nutrient concentrations of 39 shallow, brackish, groundwater samples, rates of nutrient loading into Tampa Bay by SGD rates were estimated, and these ranged from 0.2 to 1.4 x 10(5) mol day(-1) (PO43-), 0.9-6.2 x 10(5) mol day(-1) (SiO4-), 0.7-5.0 x 10(5) day(-1) (dissolved organic nitrogen, DON), and 0.2-1.4 x 10(6) mol day(-1) (total dissolved nitrogen, TDN). Such nutrient loading estimates, when compared to average river discharge estimates (e.g., TDN = 6.9 x 10(5) mol day(-1)), suggest that SGD-derived nutrient fluxes to Tampa Bay are indeed important components to the overall nutrient economy of these coastal waters. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USGS, St Petersburg, FL USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Geol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Swarzenski, PW (reprint author), USGS, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL USA. EM pswarzen@usgs.gov OI Baskaran, Mark/0000-0002-2218-4328; Kroeger, Kevin/0000-0002-4272-2349 NR 68 TC 61 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD FEB 13 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2006.08.001 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 146YW UT WOS:000244971600007 ER PT J AU Kroeger, KD Swarzenski, PW Greenwood, WJ Reich, C AF Kroeger, Kevin D. Swarzenski, Peter W. Greenwood, Wm. Jason Reich, Christopher TI Submarine groundwater discharge to Tampa Bay: Nutrient fluxes and biogeochemistry of the coastal aquifer SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE submarine groundwater discharge; watershed; aquifer; nitrogen; phosphorus; oxidation/reduction potential; dissolved organic nitrogen ID CONTINUOUS MONITOR; WASTE-WATER; NITROGEN; RN-222; TRANSPORT; FLORIDA; SEEPAGE; OCEAN; ESTUARIES; AMMONIUM AB To separately quantify the roles of fresh and saline submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), relative to that of rivers, in transporting nutrients to Tampa Bay, Florida, we used three approaches (Darcy's Law calculations, a watershed water budget, and a Rn-222 mass-balance) to estimate rate of SGD from the Pinellas peninsula. Groundwater samples were collected in 69 locations in the coastal aquifer to examine biogeochemical conditions, nutrient concentrations and stoichiometry, and salinity structure. Salinity structure was also examined using stationary electrical resistivity measurements. The coastal aquifer along the Pinellas peninsula was chemically reducing in all locations sampled, and that condition influences nitrogen (N) form and mobility of N and PO43- Concentrations of NH4+, PO43- and ratio of dissolved inorganic N (DIN) to PO43- were all related to measured oxidation/reduction potential (p epsilon) of the groundwater. Ratio of DIN: PO43- was below Redfield ratio in both fresh and saline groundwater. Nitrogen occurred almost exclusively in reduced forms, NH4+ and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), suggesting that antbropogenic N is exported from the watershed in those forms. In comparison to other SGD studies, rate PO43- flux in the seepage zone (mu M m(-2) d(-1)) in Tampa Bay was higher than previous estimates, likely due to 1) high watershed population density, 2) chemically reducing conditions, and 3) high ion concentrations in fresh groundwater. Estimates of freshwater groundwater flux indicate that the ratio of groundwater discharge to stream flow is similar to 20 to 50%, and that the magnitudes of both the total dissolved nitrogen and PO43- loads due to fresh SGD are similar to 40 to 100% of loads carried by streams. Estimates of SGD based on radon inventories in near-shore waters were 2 to 5 times greater than the estimates of freshwater groundwater discharge, suggesting that brackish and saline SGD is also an important process in Tampa Bay and results in flux of regenerated N and P from sediment to surface water. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Kroeger, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM kkroeger@usgs.gov OI Kroeger, Kevin/0000-0002-4272-2349 NR 52 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD FEB 13 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2006.10.012 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 146YW UT WOS:000244971600008 ER PT J AU Chen, ZQ Hu, CM Comny, RN Muller-Karger, F Swarzenski, P AF Chen, Zhiqiang Hu, Chuanmin Comny, Robyn N. Muller-Karger, Frank Swarzenski, Peter TI Colored dissolved organic matter in Tampa Bay, Florida SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE colored dissolved organic matter; dissolved organic carbon; absorption; fluorescence; estuarine-mixing; Tampa Bay ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; COASTAL WATERS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; PHYTOPLANKTON; COEFFICIENTS; CARBON; RIVER; CDOM; VARIABILITY AB Absorption and fluorescence of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), chlorophyll and total suspended solids in Tampa Bay and its adjacent rivers were examined in June and October of 2004. Except in Old Tampa Bay (OTB), the spatial distribution of CDOM showed a conservative relationship with salinity in June, 2004 (a(CDOM)(400)=-0.19 x salinity+6.78, R-2=0.98, n=17, salinity range=1.1-32.5) with little variations in absorption spectral slope and fluorescence efficiency. This indicates that CDOM distribution was dominated by mixing. In October, 2004, CDOM distribution was nonconservative with an average absorption coefficient (a(CDOM) (400), similar to 7.76 m(-1)) about seven times higher than that in June (similar to 1.11 m(-1)). The nonconservative behavior was caused largely by CDOM removal at intermediate salinities (e.g., aCDOM(400) removal > 15% at salinity similar to 13.0), which likely resulted from photobleaching due to stronger stratification. The spatial and seasonal distributions of CDOM in Tampa Bay showed that the two largest rivers, the Alafia River (AR) and Hillsborough River (HR) were dominant CDOM sources to most of the bay. In OTB, however, CDOM showed distinctive differences: lower absorption coefficient, higher absorption spectral slopes, and lower ratios of CDOM absorption to DOC and higher fluorescence efficiency. These differences may have stemmed from (1) changes in CDOM composition by more intensive photobleaching due to the longer residence time of water mass in OTB; (2) other sources of CDOM than the HR/AR inputs, such as local creeks, streams, groundwater, and/or bottom re-suspension. Average CDOM absorption in Tampa Bay at 443 nm, a(CDOM)(443), was about five times higher in June and about ten times higher in October than phytoplankton pigment absorption, a(ph)(443), indicating that blue light attenuation in the water column was dominated by CDOM rather than by phytoplankton absorption throughout the year. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Chen, ZQ (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM zchen@marine.usf.edu RI hu, chuanmin/J-5021-2012 NR 42 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD FEB 13 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 1-2 BP 98 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2006.12.007 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 146YW UT WOS:000244971600009 ER PT J AU Yates, KK Dufore, C Smiley, N Jackson, C Halley, RB AF Yates, Kimberly K. Dufore, Chris Smiley, Nathan Jackson, Courtney Halley, Robert B. TI Diurnal variation of oxygen and carbonate system parameters in Tampa Bay and Florida Bay SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE diurnal variation; carbon system parameters; oxygen system parameters; water quality; Tampa Bay; Florida Bay ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; CORAL-REEF; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; COMMUNITY METABOLISM; TOTAL ALKALINITY; SEAWATER MEDIA; WATER-QUALITY; NORTH-SEA; DIOXIDE AB Oxygen and carbonate system parameters were measured, in situ, over diurnal cycles in Tampa Bay and Florida Bay, Florida. All system parameters showed distinct diurnal trends in Tampa Bay with an average range of diurnal variation of 39.1 mu mol kg(-1) for total alkalinity, 165.1 mu mol kg(-1) for total CO2, 0.22 for pH, 0.093 mmol L-1 for dissolved oxygen, and 218.1 mu atm for PCO2. Average range of diurnal variation for system parameters in Tampa Bay was 73% to 93% of the seasonal range of variability for dissolved oxygen and pH. All system parameters measured in Florida Bay showed distinct variation over diurnal time-scales. However, clear diurnal trends were less evident. The average range of diurnal variability in Florida Bay was 62.8 mu mol kg(-1) for total alkalinity, 130.4 mu mol kg(-1) for total CO2, 0.13 for pH, 0.053 mmol L-1 for dissolved oxygen, and 139.8 mu atm for PCO2. The average range of diurnal variation was 14% to 102% of the seasonal ranges for these parameters. Diurnal variability in system parameters was most influenced by primary productivity and respiration of benthic communities in Tampa Bay, and by precipitation and dissolution of calcium carbonate in Florida Bay. Our data indicate that use of seasonal data sets without careful consideration of diurnal variability may impart significant error in calculations of annual carbon and oxygen budgets. These observations reinforce the need for higher temporal resolution measurements of oxygen and carbon system parameters in coastal ecosystems. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USGS Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. ETI Profess, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Comp Sci Corp, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Yates, KK (reprint author), USGS Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM kyates@usgs.gov; cdufore@usgs.gov; nsmiley@usgs.gov; cjackson@usgs.gov; rhalley@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD FEB 13 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 1-2 BP 110 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2006.12.008 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 146YW UT WOS:000244971600010 ER PT J AU Hauser, CE Runge, MC Cooch, EG Johnson, FA Harvey, WF AF Hauser, C. E. Runge, M. C. Cooch, E. G. Johnson, F. A. Harvey, W. F. TI Optimal control of Atlantic population Canada geese SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Management, Control and Decision Making for Ecological Systems CY DEC 12-15, 2005 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Math & Stat Complex Syst DE stochastic dynamic programming; harvest; control; Canada geese; Branta canadensis; uncertainty; age structure ID ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; FLUCTUATING POPULATIONS; WATERFOWL HARVESTS; MALLARD HARVESTS; UNCERTAINTY; OPTIMIZATION; RECRUITMENT; STRATEGIES; RESOURCES; DYNAMICS AB Management of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) can be a balance between providing sustained harvest opportunity while not allowing populations to become overabundant and cause damage. in this paper, we focus on the Atlantic population of Canada geese and use stochastic dynamic programming to determine the optimal harvest strategy over a range of plausible models for population dynamics. There is evidence to suggest that the population exhibits significant age structure, and it is possible to reconstruct age structure from surveys. Consequently the harvest strategy is a function of the age composition, as well as the abundance, of the population. The objective is to maximize harvest while maintaining the number of breeding adults in the population between specified upper and lower limits. In addition, the total harvest capacity is limited and there is uncertainty about the strength of density-dependence. We find that under a density-independent model, harvest is maximized by maintaining the breeding population at the highest acceptable abundance. However if harvest capacity is limited, then the optimal long-term breeding population size is lower than the highest acceptable level, to reduce the risk of the population growing to an unacceptably large size. Under the proposed density-dependent model, harvest is maximized by maintaining the breeding population at an intermediate level between the bounds on acceptable population size; limits to harvest capacity have little effect on the optimal long-term population size. It is clear that the strength of density-dependence and constraints on harvest significantly affect the optimal harvest strategy for this population. Model discrimination might be achieved in the long term, while continuing to meet management goals, by adopting an adaptive management strategy. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Queensland, Dept Math, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Wye Mills, MD 21679 USA. RP Hauser, CE (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Dept Math, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM c.hauser@uq.edu.au RI Hauser, Cindy/B-4000-2008; Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011 OI Hauser, Cindy/0000-0001-5876-0342; Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X NR 34 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 10 PY 2007 VL 201 IS 1 SI SI BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.07.019 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 136KC UT WOS:000244220000005 ER PT J AU Striegl, RG Dornblaser, MM Aiken, GR Wickland, KP Raymond, PA AF Striegl, Robert G. Dornblaser, Mark M. Aiken, George R. Wickland, Kimberly P. Raymond, Peter A. TI Carbon export and cycling by the Yukon, Tanana, and Porcupine rivers, Alaska, 2001-2005 SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; ARCTIC-OCEAN; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; DISCHARGE; SUMMER; WATER; THAW; DOC AB Loads and yields of dissolved and particulate organic and inorganic carbon (DOC, POC, DIC, PIC) were measured and modeled at three locations on the Yukon River (YR) and on the Tanana and Porcupine rivers (TR, PR) in Alaska during 2001 - 2005. Total YR carbon export averaged 7.8 Tg C yr(-1), 30% as OC and 70% as IC. Total C yields (0.39 - 1.03 mol C m(-2) yr(-1)) were proportional to water yields (139 - 356 mm yr(-1); r(2) = 0.84) at all locations. Summer DOC had an aged component (fraction modern (FM) = 0.94 - 0.97), except in the permafrost wetland-dominated PR, where DOC was modern. POC had FM = 0.63 - 0.70. DOC had high concentration, high aromaticity, and high hydrophobic content in spring and low concentration, low aromaticity, and high hydrophilic content in winter. About half of annual DOC export occurred during spring. DIC concentration and isotopic composition were strongly affected by dissolution of suspended carbonates in glacial meltwater during summer. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Striegl, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25026,MS 413, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Raymond, Peter/C-4087-2009; OI Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860; Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590 NR 34 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 5 U2 36 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 10 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 AR W02411 DI 10.1029/2006WR005201 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 136ET UT WOS:000244206100005 ER PT J AU Boul, KE Funk, WC Darst, CR Cannatella, DC Ryan, MJ AF Boul, Kathryn E. Funk, W. Chris Darst, Catherine R. Cannatella, David C. Ryan, Michael J. TI Sexual selection drives speciation in an Amazonian frog SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE speciation; sexual selection; Physalaemus; call variation; gene flow ID PUSTULOSUS SPECIES GROUP; PHYSALAEMUS-PUSTULOSUS; TUNGARA FROG; COMPLEX CALL; MATE CHOICE; PATTERNS; LEPTODACTYLIDAE; PREFERENCES; POPULATIONS; MORPHOLOGY AB One proposed mechanism of speciation is divergent sexual selection, whereby divergence in female preferences and male signals results in behavioural isolation. Despite the appeal of this hypothesis, evidence for it remains inconclusive. Here, we present several lines of evidence that sexual selection is driving behavioural isolation and speciation among populations of an Amazonian frog (Physalaemus petersi). First, sexual selection has promoted divergence in male mating calls and female preferences for calls between neighbouring populations, resulting in strong behavioural isolation. Second, phylogenetic analysis indicates that populations have become fixed for alternative call types several times throughout the species' range, and coalescent analysis rejects genetic drift as a cause for this pattern, suggesting that this divergence is due to selection. Finally, gene flow estimated with microsatellite loci is an average of 30 times lower between populations with different call types than between populations separated by a similar geographical distance with the same call type, demonstrating genetic divergence and incipient speciation. Taken together, these data provide strong evidence that sexual selection is driving behavioural isolation and speciation, supporting sexual selection as a cause for speciation in the wild. C1 Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Texas Mem Museum, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 2072, Panama. RP Funk, WC (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM cfunk@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 118 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 48 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P R SOC B JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD FEB 7 PY 2007 VL 274 IS 1608 BP 399 EP 406 DI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3736 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 124FV UT WOS:000243354100012 PM 17164204 ER PT J AU Cox, RT Hill, AA Larsen, D Holzer, T Fonnan, SL Noce, T Gardner, C Morat, J AF Cox, R. T. Hill, A. A. Larsen, D. Holzer, T. Fonnan, S. L. Noce, T. Gardner, C. Morat, J. TI Seismotectonic implications of sand blows in the southern Mississippi Embayment SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE paleoseismology.; liquefaction; intraplate; Mississippi Embayment; earthquake magnitude ID MADRID SEISMIC ZONE; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; PREHISTORIC LIQUEFACTION FEATURES; CONTEMPORARY SEISMICITY; INTRAPLATE SEISMICITY; PALEOSEISMIC FEATURES; LARGE EARTHQUAKES; NORTH-AMERICA; WABASH VALLEY; CALIFORNIA AB We explore seismically-induced sand blows from the southern Mississippi Embayment and their implications in resolving the question of near or distal epicentral source region. This was accomplished using aerial photography, field excavations, and cone penetration tests. Our analysis shows that three sand blow fields exhibit a distinct chronology of strong ground motion for the southern embayment: (1) The Ashley County, Arkansas sand blow field, near the Arkansas/Louisiana state border, experienced four Holocene sand venting episodes; (2) to the north, the Desha County field experienced at least three episodes of liquefaction; and (3) the Lincoln-Jefferson Counties field experienced at least one episode. Cone penetration tests (CPT) conducted in and between the sand blow fields suggest that the fields may not be distal liquefaction associated with New Madrid seismic zone earthquakes but rather are likely associated with strong earthquakes on local faults. This conclusion is consistent with the differences in timing of the southern embayment sand venting episodes and those in the New Madrid seismic zone. These results suggest that active tectonism and strong seismicity in intraplate North America may not be localized at isolated weak spots, but rather widespread on fault systems that are favorably oriented for slip in the contemporary stress field. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Memphis, Dept Earth Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Cox, RT (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Earth Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM randycox@memphis.edu NR 70 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD FEB 6 PY 2007 VL 89 IS 3-4 BP 278 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.11.002 PG 22 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 138QZ UT WOS:000244378600009 ER PT J AU Roelke, DL Errera, RM Kiesling, R Brooks, BW Grover, JP Schwierzke, L Urena-Boeck, F Baker, J Pinckney, JL AF Roelke, Daniel L. Errera, Reagan M. Kiesling, Richard Brooks, Bryan W. Grover, James P. Schwierzke, Leslie Urena-Boeck, Fabiola Baker, Jason Pinckney, James L. TI Effects of nutrient enrichment on Prymnesium parvum population dynamics and toxicity: results from field experiments, Lake Possum Kingdom, USA SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE harmful algal bloom; HAB; management; mitigation; immigration; barley straw; extract ID PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY-STRUCTURE; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; MULTISPECIES COMPETITION; BARLEY STRAW; GROWTH; HAPTOPHYTA; ESTUARINE; ZOOPLANKTON; SUCCESSION; PHOSPHORUS AB Large fish kills associated with toxic populations of the haptophyte Prymnesium parvum occur worldwide. In the past 5 yr, incidences of P. parvum blooms in inland water bodies of Texas (USA) have increased dramatically, where cell densities in excess of 1 x 10(7) cells l(-1) are typically observed. We conducted field experiments (Lake Possum Kingdom) during the fall and early spring of 28 d duration using 24 enclosures of 1.57 m(3) each. The experiments investigated the effect of nutrient enrichment, immigration of F parvum and addition of barley straw extract on phytoplankton biomass and assemblage structure, P. parvum population density, zooplankton biomass and assemblage structure, bacteria, and toxicity. Nutrient enrichment stimulated P. parvum population growth beyond bloom proportions (> 1 x 10(7) cells l(-1)). However, P. parvum did not dominate the assemblage under these conditions, as it does during natural blooms. Instead, euglenophytes and chlorophytes dominated. Toxicity, estimated using fish (Pimephales promelas) and cladoceran (Daphnia magna) bioassays and which is linked to P. parvum's allelopathic and mixotrophic effectiveness, was greatly reduced (eliminated in many cases) under conditions of nutrient enrichment. The suppression of toxicity by nutrient addition suggested that targeted and time-limited nutrient manipulations might be used to mitigate the effects of R parvum blooms. Immigration of R parvum into natural assemblages and addition of barley straw extract had no significant effect on plankton dynamics. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Envrionm Sci Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Baylor Univ, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Univ Texas, Program Environm & Earth Sci, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Univ S Carolina, Med Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Roelke, DL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, 2258 TAMUS, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM droelke@tamu.edu RI Roelke, Daniel/B-5766-2008; Brooks, Bryan/B-2612-2010; Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014 OI Brooks, Bryan/0000-0002-6277-9852; NR 73 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 6 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PD FEB 2 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2 BP 125 EP 140 DI 10.3354/ame046125 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 139IZ UT WOS:000244426800003 ER PT J AU Hurley, JP Krabbenhoft, DP Wiener, JG Babiarz, CL AF Hurley, James P. Krabbenhoft, David P. Wiener, James G. Babiarz, Christopher L. TI Preface to the Madison declaration and critical synthesis papers on mercury pollution - Eighth International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant Madison, Wisconsin, USA - 6-11 August 2006 SO AMBIO LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Wisconsin, Aquat Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Water Sci & Engn Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hurley, JP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Aquat Sci Ctr, 1975 Willow Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Hurley, James/A-9216-2010 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD FEB PY 2007 VL 36 IS 1 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 144SY UT WOS:000244817800002 ER PT J AU Orem, W Tatu, C Pavlovic, N Bunnell, J Lerch, H Paunescu, V Ordodi, V Flores, D Corum, M Bates, A AF Orem, William Tatu, Calin Pavlovic, Nikola Bunnell, Joseph Lerch, Harry Paunescu, Virgil Ordodi, Valentin Flores, Deolinda Corum, Margo Bates, Anne TI Health effects of toxic organic substances from coal: Toward "panendemic" nephropathy SO AMBIO LA English DT Article ID BALKAN ENDEMIC NEPHROPATHY; QUESTIONS; ANSWERS C1 USGS, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Med & Pharm Victor Babes, Dept Immunol, Timisoara, Romania. Univ Med & Pharm Victor Babes, Dept Physiol, Timisoara, Romania. Univ Nis, Nish, Serbia. Inst Nephrol & Haemodialysis, Nish, Serbia. Univ Porto, Dept Geol, P-4099002 Oporto, Portugal. RP Orem, W (reprint author), USGS, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM borem@usgs.gov; dns@mail.dnttm.ro; jbunnell@usgs.gov; hlerch@usgs.gov; dflores@fc.up.pt; mcorum@usgs.gov; abates@usgs.gov RI Paunescu, Virgil/C-3661-2011; Flores, Deolinda Flores/N-9901-2013 OI Flores, Deolinda Flores/0000-0003-4631-7831 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD FEB PY 2007 VL 36 IS 1 BP 98 EP 102 DI 10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[98:HEOTOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 144SY UT WOS:000244817800018 PM 17408200 ER PT J AU Mills, GA Vrana, B Allan, I Alvarez, DA Huckins, JN Greenwood, R AF Mills, Graham A. Vrana, Branislav Allan, Ian Alvarez, David A. Huckins, James N. Greenwood, Richard TI Trends in monitoring pharmaceuticals and personal-care products in the aquatic environment by use of passive sampling devices SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; IN-SITU; WATER; POLLUTANTS; SPECTROMETRY; CALIBRATION; EXTRACTION; EFFLUENTS; DRUGS; RIVER C1 Univ Portsmouth, Sch Pharm & Biomed Sci, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, Hants, England. Univ Portsmouth, Sch Biol Sci, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, Hants, England. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Mills, GA (reprint author), Univ Portsmouth, Sch Pharm & Biomed Sci, White Swan Rd, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, Hants, England. EM graham.mills@port.ac.uk NR 26 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 40 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 387 IS 4 BP 1153 EP 1157 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0773-y PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 134EH UT WOS:000244065300003 PM 17077970 ER PT J AU Ye, ZQ Weinberg, HS Meyer, MT AF Ye, Zhengqi Weinberg, Howard S. Meyer, Michael T. TI Trace analysis of trimethoprim and sulfonamide, macrolide, quinolone, and tetracycline antibiotics in chlorinated drinking water using liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; FLUOROQUINOLONE ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS; WASTE-WATER; SURFACE-WATER; PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS; TREATMENT PLANTS; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; ANTIMICROBIALS; GROUNDWATER; IONIZATION AB A multirun analytical method has been developed and validated for trace determination of 24 antibiotics including 7 sulfonamides, 3 macrolides, 7 quinolones, 6 tetracyclines, and trimethoprim in chlorine-disinfected drinking water using a single solid-phase extraction method coupled to liquid chromatography with positive electrospray tandem mass spectrometry detection. The analytes were extracted by a hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced resin and eluted with acidified methanol (0.1% formic acid), resulting in analyte recoveries generally above 90%. The limits of quantitation were mostly below 10 ng/L in drinking water. Since the concentrated sample matrix typically caused ion suppression during electrospray ionization, the method of standard addition was used for quantitation. Chlorine residuals in drinking water can react with some antibiotics, but ascorbic acid was found to be an effective chlorine quenching agent without affecting the analysis and stability of the antibiotics in water. A preliminary occurrence study using this method revealed the presence of some antibiotics in drinking waters, including sulfamethoxazole (3.0-3.4 ng/L), macrolides (1.4-4.9 ng/L), and quinolones (1.2-4.0 ng/L). C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Weinberg, HS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM howard_weinberg@unc.edu OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 31 TC 173 Z9 206 U1 23 U2 137 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 3 BP 1135 EP 1144 DI 10.1021/ac060972a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 131AK UT WOS:000243839900041 PM 17263346 ER PT J AU Sasai, Y Johnston, MJS Tanaka, Y Mueller, R Hashimoto, T Utsugi, M Sakanaka, S Uyeshima, M Zlotnicki, J Yvetot, P AF Sasai, Yoichi Johnston, Malcom J. S. Tanaka, Yoshikazu Mueller, Robert Hashimoto, Takeshi Utsugi, Mitsuru Sakanaka, Shinya Uyeshima, Makoto Zlotnicki, Jacques Yvetot, Paul TI Drag-out effect of piezomagnetic signals due to a borehole: the Mogi source as an example SO ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Magnetic, Electric and Electromagnet Methods in Seismology and Volcanology CY SEP 05-09, 2004 CL La Londe Les Maures, FRANCE DE piezomagnetic effect; borehole magnetic measurement; the Mogi model; Long Valley Caldera AB We show that using borehole measurements in tectonomagnetic experiments allows enhancement of the observed signals. New magnetic dipoles, which vary with stress changes from mechanical sources, are produced on the walls of the borehole. We evaluate such an effect quantitatively. First we formulate a general expression for the borehole effect due to any arbitrary source models. This is valid everywhere above the ground surface as well as within the cylindrical hole. A first-order approximate solution is given by a line of horizontal dipoles and vertical quadrupoles along the central axis of the borehole, which is valid above the ground surface and a slightly away (several tens of cm) from the top of the borehole. Selecting the Mogi model as an example, we numerically evaluated the borehole effect. It turned out that the vertical quadrupoles produce two orders of magnitude more intense magnetic field than the horizontal dipoles. The borehole effect is very local, i.e. detectable only within a few in from its outlet, since it is of the same order or more than the case without a borehole. However, magnetic lines of force cannot reach the ground surface from a deeper portion (>10 m) of a borehole. C1 Tokyo Metropolitan Govt, Disaster Prevent Div, Bur Gen Affairs, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1638001, Japan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Tokyo 113, Japan. Observ Phys Globe Clermont Ferrand, Clermont Ferrand, France. RP Sasai, Y (reprint author), Tokyo Metropolitan Govt, Disaster Prevent Div, Bur Gen Affairs, Shinjuku Ku, Nishi Shinjuku 2-8-1, Tokyo 1638001, Japan. EM yosasai@zag.att.ne.jp NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, I-40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1593-5213 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-ITALY JI Ann. Geophys. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 50 IS 1 BP 93 EP 104 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 191UT UT WOS:000248158200010 ER PT J AU Voltura, MB French, JB AF Voltura, M. B. French, J. B., Jr. TI Effects of dietary PCB exposure on reproduction in the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS EXPOSURE; BLARINA-BREVICAUDA; MICE; ENERGETICS; GROWTH; SHREW AB Studies of the impact of environmental contaminants on reproduction have typically focused on effects on fertility and subsequent reproductive failure. Contaminants may also impact reproductive output or other aspects of life history through effects on resource acquisition or allocation. We fed successfully breeding female white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) diets containing polychlorinated biphenyls (2:1 Aroclor 1242: 1254) at levels of 0 (n = 10), 10 (n = 12), and 25 (n = 10) ppm (mg polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs]/kg food). After 4 months on the diets, female mice were bred with male mice maintained on control food. There was no effect of PCB exposure on litter size at birth or weaning, although fewer female mice on the 25-ppm diet gave birth. There was no effect of PCB dose on maternal metabolic rate at peak lactation or on total food (dry matter) intake during lactation. Female mice on the 10-ppm diet, however, consumed more food per pup during lactation and weaned larger pups, although these differences disappeared after 4 weeks of age. We conclude that although moderate-term exposure to PCBs did decrease the number of litters produced for high-dose female mice, it did not change litter size, pup growth rate, or energetic measures for those female mice that did successfully reproduce. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Voltura, MB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM volturamb@cortland.edu NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 52 IS 2 BP 264 EP 269 DI 10.1007/s00244-006-0045-z PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 118UQ UT WOS:000242968500015 PM 17160489 ER PT J AU Grundel, R Pavlovic, NB AF Grundel, Ralph Pavlovic, Noel B. TI Resource availability, matrix quality, microclimate, and spatial pattern as predictors of patch use by the Karner blue butterfly SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE endangered species; hierarchical partitioning; insect distribution; Lupinus perennis; Lycaeides melissa samuelis; oak savanna ID LYCAEIDES-MELISSA-SAMUELIS; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; HABITAT QUALITY; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; LANDSCAPE OCCUPANCY; EUPHYDRYAS-EDITHA; CANOPY COVER; DISPERSAL; ECOLOGY; MODEL AB Determination of which aspects of habitat quality and habitat spatial arrangement best account for variation in a species' distribution can guide management for organisms such as the Karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis), a federally endangered subspecies inhabiting savannas of Midwest and Eastern United States. We examined the extent to which three sets of predictors, (1) larval host plant (Lupinus perennis, wild lupine) availability (2) characteristics of the matrix surrounding host plant patches, and (3) factors affecting a patch's thermal environment, accounted for variation in lupine patch use by Karner blues at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana and Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, USA. Each predictor set accounted for 7-13% of variation in patch occupancy by Karner blues at both sites and in larval feeding activity among patches at Indiana Dunes. Patch area, an indicator of host plant availability, was an exception, accounting for 30% of variation in patch occupancy at Indiana Dunes. Spatially structured patterns of patch use across the landscape accounted for 9-16% of variation in patch use and explained more variation in larval feeding activity than did spatial autocorrelation between neighboring patches. Because of this broader spatial trend across sites, a given management action may be more effective in promoting patch use in some portions of the landscape than in others. Spatial trend, resource availability, matrix quality, and microclimate, in general, accounted for similar amounts of variation in patch use and each should be incorporated into habitat management planning for the Karner blue butterfly. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Grundel, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM rgrundel@usgs.gov; npavlovic@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 135 IS 1 BP 135 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.10.003 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 144BL UT WOS:000244770000013 ER PT J AU Wang, GQ Boore, DM Tang, GQ Zhou, XY AF Wang, Guo-Quan Boore, David M. Tang, Guoqing Zhou, Xiyuan TI Comparisons of ground motions from colocated and closely spaced one-sample-per-second global positioning system and accelerograph recordings of the 2003 M 6.5 San Simeon, California, earthquake in the Parkfield region SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 1-HZ GPS DATA; 1999 CHI-CHI; DISPLACEMENTS; DEFORMATIONS; SPECTRA; TAIWAN; ARRAY AB The 2003 San Simeon, California, earthquake (M 6.5) generated a set of colocated and closely spaced high-rate (1-sample-per-second) Global Positioning System (GPS) positions and ground motions from digital accelerographs in the Parkfield region (at epicentral distances of 50 to 70 km). The waveforms of displacements derived from the 13 GPS receivers in the region have dominant periods between about 7 and 18 sec. The waveforms are similar in shape, with a systematic change in waveform as a function of distance from the source. The GPS motions are smaller than the accelerograph motions for periods less than about 2 sec. From this we conclude that the 1-sample-per-sec GPS receivers provide a good representation of ground motion at periods longer than about 2 sec. Perhaps more important for earthquake engineering is that the accelerograph data are similar to the GPS data for periods as long as 30 sec, if not longer. This means that data from digital accelerographs can provide reliable relative-displacement response spectra at the periods needed in the design of large structures, at least for earthquakes with magnitudes of 6.5 or above at distances within 70 km. We combine the colocated or very closely spaced GPS and accelerograph data sets in the frequency domain to obtain a single broadband time series of the ground motion at each accelerograph station. These broadband ground motions may be useful to seismologists in unraveling the dynamic process of fault rupture and to engineers for designing large structures with verylong-period response. C1 N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Appl Geophys Sci Labs, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Architectural & Civil Engn, Beijing 100022, Peoples R China. RP Wang, GQ (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Appl Geophys Sci Labs, 1020 E Wendover Ave, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM gwang@uprm.edu; boore@usgs.gov; gtang@ncat.edu; zhouxy@bjut.edu.cn NR 32 TC 37 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1 SI S BP 76 EP 90 DI 10.1785/0120060053 PN B PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 136BP UT WOS:000244197900006 ER PT J AU Savage, WZ AF Savage, William Z. TI Reply to "Comment on 'An exact solution for effects of topography on free Rayleigh waves' by William Z. Savage," by H. Goto and S. Sawada SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Savage, WZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM savage@usgs.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1 SI S BP 354 EP 354 DI 10.1785/0120060081 PN B PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 136BP UT WOS:000244197900029 ER PT J AU Fletcher, JB Spudich, P Baker, LM AF Fletcher, Jon B. Spudich, Paul Baker, Lawrence M. TI Rupture propagation of the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake from observations at the UPSAR array (vol 96, pg S129, 2006) SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Correction C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fletcher, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1 SI S BP 355 EP 355 DI 10.1785/0120060221 PN B PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 136BP UT WOS:000244197900030 ER PT J AU Carrara, PE Ager, TA Baichtal, JF AF Carrara, P. E. Ager, T. A. Baichtal, J. F. TI Possible refugia in the Alexander Archipelago of southeastern Alaska during the late Wisconsin glaciation SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID QUEEN-CHARLOTTE-ISLANDS; HOLOCENE SEA LEVELS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LATE PLEISTOCENE; CANADA; BIOGEOGRAPHY; AMERICA; MAMMALS; MAXIMUM; COAST AB The interpretation of the extent of late Wisconsin glaciation in southeastern Alaska has varied between geologists and biologists. Maps and reports of the region prepared by geologists commonly indicated that late Wisconsin ice extended as a large uniform front west to the edge of the continental shelf. However, the distribution of plants and animals in the region has led many biologists to suggest that there may have been ice-free areas that served as refugia during the late Wisconsin. Based on analyses of aerial photographs, topographic maps, and bathymetric charts, in conjunction with a review of previous literature and reconnaissance fieldwork throughout the region, this study presents data supporting a limited ice extent in the Alexander Archipelago during the late Wisconsin and identifies possible ice-free areas that may have served as refugia. These areas include (1) the Fairweather Ground, (2) the Herbert Graves Island area, (3) the western coast of southern Baranof Island and adjacent continental shelf, (4) Coronation Island and the adjacent continental shelf, (5) the Warren Island area, (6) the continental shelf from west of Heceta Island to Forrester Island in the south, (7) parts of the west coast of southern Dall Island, and (8) lowland areas in southern Prince of Wales Island. The identification of these possible refugia has bearing on the recolonization of the Alexander Archipelago, as they could have served as centers of biotic dispersal upon regional deglaciation and as stepping stones for early humans with a maritime tradition entering the western hemisphere from Asia. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Forest Serv, Thorne Bay, AK 99919 USA. RP Carrara, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pcarrara@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 19 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 229 EP 244 DI 10.1139/E06-081 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 163KA UT WOS:000246157300007 ER PT J AU Swarzenski, PW AF Swarzenski, P. W. TI U/Th series radionuclides as coastal groundwater tracers SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ALPHA-RECOIL DAMAGE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; URANIUM ISOTOPIC DISEQUILIBRIUM; CONTINENTAL-SHELF WATERS; GORLEBEN AQUIFER SYSTEMS; RADIUM ISOTOPES; U-SERIES; SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SEEPAGE METER C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Swarzenski, PW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 188 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 107 IS 2 BP 663 EP 674 DI 10.1021/cr0503761 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 136EY UT WOS:000244206600017 PM 17300144 ER PT J AU Brown, S Bart, J Lanctot, RB Johnson, JA Kendall, S Payer, D Johnson, J AF Brown, Stephen Bart, Jonathan Lanctot, Richard B. Johnson, James A. Kendall, Steve Payer, David Johnson, Jay TI Shorebird abundance and distribution on the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE 1002 Area; Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; coastal plain; shorebirds ID BIRDS AB The coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge hosts seven species of migratory shorebirds listed as highly imperiled or high priority by the U.S. Shorebird Conservation Plan and five species listed as Birds of Conservation Concern by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. During the first comprehensive shorebird survey of the 674 000 ha "1002 Area" on the coastal plain, we recorded 14 species of breeding shorebirds at 197 rapidly surveyed plots during June 2002 and 2004. We also estimated detection ratios with a double counting technique, using data collected at 37 intensively studied plots located oil the North Slope of Alaska and northern Canada. We stratified the study area by major habitat types, including wetlands, moist areas, uplands, and riparian areas, using previously classified Landsat imagery. We developed population estimates with confidence limits by species, and estimated the total number of shorebirds in the study area to be 230 000 (95% CI: 104 000-363 000), which exceeds the biological criterion for classification as both a Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network Site or International Importance (100 000 birds) and a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance (20 000 birds), even when conservatively estimated. Species richness and the density of many species were highest in wetland or riparian habitats, which are Clustered along the coast. C1 Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arctic Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Brown, S (reprint author), Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, POB 1770, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. EM sbrown@manomet.org NR 42 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 20 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2007 VL 109 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[1:SAADOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 135HX UT WOS:000244145800001 ER PT J AU Liebezeit, JR Smith, PA Lanctot, RB Schekkerman, H Tulp, I Kendall, SJ Tracy, DM Rodrigues, RJ Meltofte, H Robinson, JA Gratto-Trevor, C McCaffery, BJ Morse, J Zack, SW AF Liebezeit, Joseph R. Smith, Paul A. Lanctot, Richard B. Schekkerman, Hans Tulp, Ingrid Kendall, Steve J. Tracy, Diane M. Rodrigues, Robert J. Meltofte, Hans Robinson, Julie A. Gratto-Trevor, Cheri McCaffery, Brian J. Morse, Julie Zack, Steve W. TI Assessing the development of shorebird eggs using the flotation method: Species-specific and generalized regression models SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Charadriidae; embryo age; hatching date; Scolopacidae ID ESTIMATE INCUBATION STAGE; NEST SURVIVAL; DATE; AGE; PERIOD AB We modeled the relationship between egg flotation and age of a developing embryo for 24 species of shorebirds. For 21 species, we used regression analyses to estimate hatching date by modeling egg angle and float height, measured as continuous variables, against embryo age. For eggs early in incubation, we used linear regression analyses to predict hatching date from logit-transformed egg angles only. For late incubation, we used multiple regression analyses to predict hatching date from both egg angles and float heights. In 30 of 36 cases, these equations estimated hatching date to within four days of the true hatching date for each species. After controlling for incubation duration and egg size, flotation patterns did not differ between shorebirds grouped by mass (>= 100 g or < 100 g) or taxonomy (Scolopacidae versus Charadriidae). Flotation progressed more rapidly in species in which both adults incubate the clutch versus species in which only one adult incubates the clutch, although this did not affect prediction accuracy. We also pooled all continuous data and created a generalized regression equation that can be applied to all shorebird species. For the remaining three species, we estimated hatching date using five float categories. Estimates of hatching date using categorical data were, overall, less accurate than those generated using continuous data (by 3%-5%, of a given incubation period). Our equations were less accurate than results reported in similar Studies: data collected by multiple observers and at multiple sites, as well as low sample sizes for some species, likely increased measurement error. To minimize flotation method prediction error, we recommend sampling in early incubation, collecting both egg angle and float height data in late incubation. and developing site- and species-specific regression models where possible. C1 Wildlife Conservat Soc, Pacific W Off, Portland, OR 97204 USA. Carleton Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Inst Marine Resources & Ecosyst Studies, NL-1790 AD Den Burg, Netherlands. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arctic Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. LGL Alaska Res Associates Inc, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Arctic Environm, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Univ Nevada, Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol Program, Reno, NV 89501 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Liebezeit, JR (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Pacific W Off, 219 SW Stark St,Suite 200, Portland, OR 97204 USA. EM jliebezeit@wcs.org OI Robinson, Julie/0000-0002-6832-6459 NR 38 TC 73 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 37 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2007 VL 109 IS 1 BP 32 EP 47 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[32:ATDOSE]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 135HX UT WOS:000244145800003 ER PT J AU Mora, MA Taylor, RJ Brattin, BL AF Mora, Miguel A. Taylor, Robert J. Brattin, Bryan L. TI Potential ecotoxicological significance of elevated concentrations of strontium in eggshells of passerine birds SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Arizona; birds; ecotoxicology; eggshell; metals; strontium ID HEAVY-METALS; EGG CONTENTS; VITAMIN-D AB We investigated the occurrence and potential ecotoxicological significance of elevated concentrations of strontium (Sr) in eggshells of nine passerine birds from four regions in Arizona. Concentrations of Sr in eggshells ranged from 70 to 1360 mu g g(-1) dry weight (overall mean 684 +/- 345 SD mu g g(-1) dw) for the four regions. 23% of the eggshells had Sr concentrations greater than 1000 mu g g(-1) dw. To our knowledge, these are among the highest levels of Sr that have been reported in bird eggshells in North America. Of the nine species, Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) had the greatest concentrations of St. There was a significant positive correlation between Sr and calcium (Ca), and between barium (Ba) and Ca. Ca, Sr, and Ba interact with each other and can exert similar chemical and pharmacological effects. Mean (n >= 3) eggshell:egg ratios for Sr varied with species and ranged from 6.1:1 to 40.2:1; ratios for individual eggs reached 92.7:1. Mean Sr/Ca values ranged from 1.3 x 10(-3) to 3.0 x 10(-3) and mean eggshell thickness ranged from 83 +/- 6 to 120 +/- 9 mu m for all species. Eggshell thickness was not significantly correlated with Sr for any species but tended to increase with Sr concentrations. We postulate that high concentrations of Sr in the shell Could affect later-stage embryos by possible interference with Ca metabolism and bone growth, resulting in reduced hatching success and potential minor beak deformities. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Trace Element Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Mora, MA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM miguel_mora@usgs.gov RI Mora, Miguel/B-1344-2009; OI Mora, Miguel/0000-0002-8393-0216 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2007 VL 109 IS 1 BP 199 EP 205 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[199:PESOEC]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 135HX UT WOS:000244145800020 ER PT J AU Scott, JM Rachlow, JL Lackey, RT Pidgorna, AB Aycrigg, JL Feldman, GR Svancara, LK Rupp, DA Stanish, DI Steinhorst, RK AF Scott, J. Michael Rachlow, Janet L. Lackey, Robert T. Pidgorna, Anna B. Aycrigg, Jocelyn L. Feldman, Gabrielle R. Svancara, Leona K. Rupp, David A. Stanish, David I. Steinhorst, R. Kirk TI Policy advocacy in science: Prevalence, perspectives, and implications for conservation biologists SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Society-for-Conservation-Biology CY JUN 24-28, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Conserv Biol ID ET-AL. 2005; VALUES; MOUSE C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Environm Sci Program, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow 83844, Russia. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Stat, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Scott, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mscott@uidaho.edu OI Aycrigg, Jocelyn/0000-0002-6511-7985 NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00641.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135JB UT WOS:000244148800011 PM 17298508 ER PT J AU Neville, H Isaak, D Thurow, R Dunham, J Rieman, B AF Neville, Helen Isaak, Daniel Thurow, Russell Dunham, Jason Rieman, Bruce TI Microsatellite variation reveals weak genetic structure and retention of genetic variability in threatened Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) within a Snake River watershed SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Review DE Chinook salmon; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; fine-scale genetic structure; genetic diversity; bottlenecks ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; EVOLUTIONARILY-SIGNIFICANT-UNITS; CHARR SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; ATLANTIC SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; STEELHEAD TROUT; SALAR L.; CONSERVATION GENETICS AB Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) have been central to the development of management concepts associated with evolutionarily significant units (ESUs), yet there are still relatively few studies of genetic diversity within threatened and endangered ESUs for salmon or other species. We analyzed genetic variation at 10 microsatellite loci to evaluate spatial population structure and genetic variability in indigenous Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) across a large wilderness basin within a Snake River ESU. Despite dramatic 20th century declines in abundance, these populations retained robust levels of genetic variability. No significant genetic bottlenecks were found, although the bottleneck metric (M ratio) was significantly correlated with average population size and variability. Weak but significant genetic structure existed among tributaries despite evidence of high levels of gene flow, with the strongest genetic differentiation mirroring the physical segregation of fish from two sub-basins. Despite the more recent colonization of one sub-basin and differences between sub-basins in the natural level of fragmentation, gene diversity and genetic differentiation were similar between sub-basins. Various factors, such as the (unknown) genetic contribution of precocial males, genetic compensation, lack of hatchery influence, and high levels of current gene flow may have contributed to the persistence of genetic variability in this system in spite of historical declines. This unique study of indigenous Chinook salmon underscores the importance of maintaining natural populations in interconnected and complex habitats to minimize losses of genetic diversity within ESUs. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biol 314, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. USGS FRESC Corvallis Res Grp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Neville, H (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol 314, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM hneville@unr.nevada.edu RI Isaak, Dan/C-8818-2011 NR 109 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 8 IS 1 BP 133 EP 147 DI 10.1007/s10592-006-9155-4 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 121WG UT WOS:000243187100012 ER PT J AU Chen, YJ Parmenter, S May, B AF Chen, Yongjiu Parmenter, Steve May, Bernie TI Introgression between lahontan and endangered Owens tui chubs, and apparent discovery of a new tui chub in the Owens Valley, California SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE microsatellite DNA; tui chub; introgression; conservation; toikona; Owens Valley ID CONSERVATION GENETICS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; HYBRIDIZATION; FISHES; DNA; DIFFERENTIATION; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS; DISTANCE AB Owens tui chubs (Siphateles bicolor snyderi [Miller]) have become extirpated throughout most of their range by introgression with introduced Lahontan tui chubs. The remaining non-introgressed Owens tui chub populations persist in a small number of fragmented habitats. These survivors are listed as "endangered" under both the state and federal endangered species acts. This study employs six microsatellite DNA loci to assess degrees of genetic difference within and among populations of Owens and Lahontan tui chubs and their putative hybrids. It reveals four distinct groups of tui chubs: Owens, Lahontan, hybrid Owens x Lahontan, and Cabin Bar. Patterns of microsatellite DNA variation confirm that tui chubs in the Owens River and its tributaries, and Mono Lake tributaries comprise a hybrid swarm. The overall degree of introgression between Lahontan and Owens tui chubs is approximately 40%, while the remaining 60% derives from Owens tui chub's original genetic composition. Unexpectedly, Owens tui chubs are more genetically similar to Lahontan tui chubs than to Cabin Bar tui chubs, although they share the same river basin with the latter. Cabin Bar tui chubs possess a 3 bp deletion in the flanking region of microsatellite locus Gbi-G79. We give the Cabin Bar tui chub a common name "toikona tui chub" to distinguish it from the Owens tui chub, and recommend independent protection and recovery efforts. Management practices should prevent any future genetic mixing of non-introgressed Owens, toikona, or Lahontan tui chubs with each other, or with the hybrid swarm. Habitats of Owens and toikona tui chubs should remain isolated from the Owens River. Toikona tui chubs should be established in multiple sites. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dexter Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, Dexter, NM 88230 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Genom Variat Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. RP Chen, YJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dexter Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, Dexter, NM 88230 USA. EM yzzchen@nmsu.edu NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 8 IS 1 BP 221 EP 238 DI 10.1007/s10592-006-9164-3 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 121WG UT WOS:000243187100020 ER PT J AU Garcia-Garcia, A Orange, DL Miserocchi, S Correggiari, A Langone, L Lorenson, TD Trincardi, F Nittrouer, CA AF Garcia-Garcia, A. Orange, D. L. Miserocchi, S. Correggiari, A. Langone, L. Lorenson, T. D. Trincardi, F. Nittrouer, C. A. TI What controls the distribution of shallow gas in the Western Adriatic Sea? SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Adriatic Sea; acoustic anomalies; shallow gas seeps; biogeochernistry; methane ID NATURAL GASES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; METHANE; DELTA; GEOCHEMISTRY; DEPOSITION; FAILURE; HABITAT; BASIN; BAY AB In this paper, we discuss what controls the occurrences of shallow gas off the Western Adriatic coast. This region of the Western Adriatic, including the Po delta and the late-Holocene mud wedge, was sampled with the R/V Seward Johnson II within the framework of the EuroSTRATAFORM project. As a part of the program, we were evaluating the causes of anomalous sub-surface and seafloor features, and specifically, quantifying shallow gas and identifying its impact on geophysical properties. The highest gas concentration off the Po delta region yielded 4.1 x 10(4) ppm, where as offshore Tronto River, the highest methane value was 7.9 x 10(4) ppm. Headspace gas analyses match well with acoustic anomalies along the Western Adriatic coast. Shallow biogenic gas off the Po delta (NW Adriatic) is spatially correlated with organic matter deposition driven by rapid and thick flood deposition. In contrast to the Po Delta, where sub-surface gas is associated with the flood deposition of organic matter, shallow gas along the Central Adriatic occurs deeper in cores, and appears to be related to methanogenesis of organic matter present in deeper deposits. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. AOA Geophys Inc, Marine Geosci Div, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. ISMAR, CNR, Sect Marine Geol, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Garcia-Garcia, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM agarcia@pmc.ucsc.edu RI Langone, Leonardo/D-8139-2011; Correggiari, Annamaria/I-6628-2013; Correggiari, Annamaria/J-3413-2013; CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; Miserocchi, Stefano/P-7168-2015 OI Trincardi, Fabio/0000-0002-8476-8804; Correggiari, Annamaria/0000-0001-9820-5423; CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Miserocchi, Stefano/0000-0002-6315-8919 NR 56 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 359 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2006.11.003 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 144RY UT WOS:000244815000006 ER PT J AU George, DA Hill, PS Milligan, TG AF George, Douglas A. Hill, Paul S. Milligan, Timothy G. TI Flocculation, heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn) and the sand-mud transition on the Adriatic continental shelf, Italy SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sediment transport; flocculation; sand-mud transition; heavy metals; Adriatic sea ID FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENT; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; PARTICULATE MATTER; SETTLING VELOCITY; PO RIVER; SIZE; SEA; TRANSPORT; DISTRIBUTIONS; DISPERSAL AB Across a limited depth range (5-10 m) on many continental shelves, the dominant sediment size changes from sand to mud. This important boundary, called the sand-mud transition (SMT), separates distinct benthic habitats, causes a significant change in acoustic backscatter, represents a key facies change, and delimits more surface-reactive mud from less surface-reactive sand. With the goal of improving dynamical understanding of the SMT, surficial sediments were characterized across two SMTs on the Adriatic continental shelf of Italy. Geometric mean diameter, specific surface area (SSA), mud fraction (< 63 mu m)and heavy metal concentrations were all measured. The SMT related to the Tronto River is identified between 15 and 20 in water depth while the SMT associated with the Pescara River varies between 15 and 25 m water depth. The sediment properties correlate with a new, process-based sedimentological parameter that quantifies the fraction of the sediment in the seabed that was delivered as flocs. These correlations suggest that floc dynamics exert strong influence over sediment textural properties and metal concentrations. Relative constancy in the depth of the SMT along this portion of the margin and its lack of evolution over a period during which sediment input to the margin has dramatically decreased suggest that on the Adriatic continental shelf energy is the dominant control on the depth of the SMT. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada. Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. RP George, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM dgeorge@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 475 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2005.06.013 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 144RY UT WOS:000244815000012 ER PT J AU Pratson, LF Hutton, EWH Kettner, AJ Syvitski, JPM Hill, PS George, DA Milligan, TG AF Pratson, Lincoln F. Hutton, Eric W. H. Kettner, Albert J. Syvitski, James P. M. Hill, Paul S. George, Douglas A. Milligan, Timothy G. TI The impact of floods and storms on the acoustic reflectivity of the inner continental shelf: A modeling assessment SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE floods; storms; ocean floor; grain sized; sonar; reflectance ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS; FREQUENCY RANGE; SOUND-VELOCITY; ELASTIC WAVES; PROPAGATION; SEA; REVERBERATION; CALIFORNIA; PACIFIC; BASINS AB Flood deposition and storm reworking of sediments on the inner shelf can change the mixture of grain sizes on the seabed and thus its porosity, bulk density, bulk compressional velocity and reflectivity. Whether these changes are significant enough to be detectable by repeat sub-bottom sonar surveys, however, is uncertain. Here the question is addressed through numerical modeling. Episodic flooding of a large versus small river over the course of a century are modeled with HYDROTREND using the drainage basin characteristics of the Po and Pescara Rivers (respectively). A similarly long stochastic record of storms offshore of both rivers is simulated from the statistics of a long-term mooring recording of waves in the western Adriatic Sea. These time series are then input to the stratigraphic model SEDFLUX2D, which simulates flood deposition and storm reworking on the inner shelf beyond the river mouths. Finally, annual changes in seabed reflectivity across these shelf regions are computed from bulk densities output by SEDFLUX2D and compressional sound speeds computed from mean seafloor grain size using the analytical model of Buckingham [1997. Theory of acoustic attenuation, dispersion, and pulse propagation in unconsolidated granular materials including marine sediments. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102, 2579-2596; 1998. Theory of compressional and shear waves in fluidlike marine sediments. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 103, 288-299; 2000. Wave propagation, stress relaxation, and grain-tograin shearing in saturated, unconsolidated marine sediments. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 108, 2796-2815]. The modeling predicts reflectivities that change from < 12 dB for sands on the innermost shelf to > 9 dB for muds farther offshore, values that agree with reflectivity measurements for these sediment types. On local scales of similar to 100 m, however, maximum changes in reflectivity are < 0.5dB. So are most annual changes in reflectivity over all water depths modeled (i.e., 0-35 m). Given that signal differences need to be >= 2-3 dB to be resolved, the results suggest that grain-size induced changes in reflectivity caused by floods and storms will rarely be detectable by most current sub-bottom sonars. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Dept Appl Earth Sci, Delft, Netherlands. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Pratson, LF (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM lincoln.pratson@duke.edu RI Syvitski, James/L-2008-2013 NR 44 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 542 EP 559 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2005.12.018 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 144RY UT WOS:000244815000016 ER PT J AU Runge, JP Hines, JE Nichols, JD AF Runge, Jonathan P. Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. TI Estimating species-specific survival and movement when species identification is uncertain SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apparent survival; competition; dispersal; mark-recapture methodology; misclassification; sibling species; spatial population dynamics; survival; vital rates ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; MARK; DISCRIMINATION; COEXISTENCE; RECOVERY; MODELS; RATES; SEX AB Incorporating uncertainty in the investigation of ecological studies has been the topic of an increasing body of research. In particular, mark-recapture methodology has shown that incorporating uncertainty in the probability of detecting individuals in populations enables accurate estimation of population-level processes such as survival, reproduction, and dispersal. Recent advances in mark-recapture methodology have included estimating population-level processes for biologically important groups despite the misassignment of individuals to those groups. Examples include estimating rates of apparent survival despite less than perfect accuracy when identifying individuals to gender or breeding state. Here we introduce a method for estimating apparent survival and dispersal in species that co-occur but that are difficult to distinguish. We use data from co-occurring populations of meadow voles ( Microtus pennsylvanicus) and montane voles ( M. montanus) in addition to simulated data to show that ignoring species uncertainty can lead to biased estimates of population processes. The incorporation of species uncertainty in mark-recapture studies should aid future research investigating ecological concepts such as interspecific competition, niche differentiation, and spatial population dynamics in sibling species. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Runge, JP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jprunge@uga.edu NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2007 VL 88 IS 2 BP 282 EP 288 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2007)88[282:ESSAMW]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 156SA UT WOS:000245668400002 PM 17479746 ER PT J AU Martin, TE AF Martin, Thomas E. TI Climate correlates of 20 years of trophic changes in a high-elevation riparian system SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bird breeding phenology; bird populations; climate change; ecosystem structure; habitat selection; nest predation; plant populations; riparian systems; snowfall; trophic interactions; ungulate browsing ID SUMMER PRECIPITATION; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANTS; HABITAT SELECTION; NATIONAL-PARKS; NORTH-AMERICA; ASPEN; ELK; FIRE; SUCCESS; BIRD AB The consequences of climate change for ecosystem structure and function remain largely unknown. Here, I examine the ability of climate variation to explain long-term changes in bird and plant populations, as well as trophic interactions in a high-elevation riparian system in central Arizona, USA, based on 20 years of study. Abundances of dominant deciduous trees have declined dramatically over the 20 years, correlated with a decline in overwinter snowfall. Snowfall can affect overwinter presence of elk, whose browsing can significantly impact deciduous tree abundance. Thus, climate may affect the plant community indirectly through effects on herbivores, but may also act directly by influencing water availability for plants. Seven species of birds were found to initiate earlier breeding associated with an increase in spring temperature across years. The advance in breeding time did not affect starvation of young or clutch size. Earlier breeding also did not increase the length of the breeding season for single-brooded species, but did for multi-brooded species. Yet, none of these phenology-related changes was associated with bird population trends. Climate had much larger consequences for these seven bird species by affecting trophic levels below ( plants) and above ( predators) the birds. In particular, the climate-related declines in deciduous vegetation led to decreased abundance of preferred bird habitat and increased nest predation rates. In addition, summer precipitation declined over time, and drier summers also were further associated with greater nest predation in all species. The net result was local extinction and severe population declines in some previously common bird species, whereas one species increased strongly in abundance, and two species did not show clear population changes. These data indicate that climate can alter ecosystem structure and function through complex pathways that include direct and indirect effects on abundances and interactions of multiple trophic components. C1 Univ Montana, USGS Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, USGS Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM tom.martin@umontana.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 47 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 39 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2007 VL 88 IS 2 BP 367 EP 380 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2007)88[367:CCOYOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 156SA UT WOS:000245668400011 PM 17479755 ER PT J AU Grant, EHC Lowe, WH Fagan, WF AF Grant, Evan H. Campbell Lowe, Winsor H. Fagan, William F. TI Living in the branches: population dynamics and ecological processes in dendritic networks SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE cave network; dendritic ecological network; dispersal; ecosystem function; hedgerow network; population and community processes; road network; spatial structure; stream network ID RIVER CONTINUUM CONCEPT; PREDATOR-PREY DYNAMICS; LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; PLANT ARCHITECTURE; SPECIES RICHNESS; EXTINCTION RISK; HABITAT PATCHES; INVASIVE SPREAD; CORRIDOR USE; STREAM FISH AB Spatial structure regulates and modifies processes at several levels of ecological organization (e.g. individual/genetic, population and community) and is thus a key component of complex systems, where knowledge at a small scale can be insufficient for understanding system behaviour at a larger scale. Recent syntheses outline potential applications of network theory to ecological systems, but do not address the implications of physical structure for network dynamics. There is a specific need to examine how dendritic habitat structure, such as that found in stream, hedgerow and cave networks, influences ecological processes. Although dendritic networks are one type of ecological network, they are distinguished by two fundamental characteristics: (1) both the branches and the nodes serve as habitat, and (2) the specific spatial arrangement and hierarchical organization of these elements interacts with a species' movement behaviour to alter patterns of population distribution and abundance, and community interactions. Here, we summarize existing theory relating to ecological dynamics in dendritic networks, review empirical studies examining the population- and community-level consequences of these networks, and suggest future research integrating spatial pattern and processes in dendritic systems. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Marine Estuarine & Environm Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Grant, EHC (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM ehgrant@usgs.gov RI Grant, Evan/N-5160-2014 OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496 NR 81 TC 219 Z9 226 U1 17 U2 137 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 BP 165 EP 175 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.01007.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 129TW UT WOS:000243754000008 ER PT J AU Cole, JJ Prairie, YT Caraco, NF McDowell, WH Tranvik, LJ Striegl, RG Duarte, CM Kortelainen, P Downing, JA Middelburg, JJ Melack, J AF Cole, J. J. Prairie, Y. T. Caraco, N. F. McDowell, W. H. Tranvik, L. J. Striegl, R. G. Duarte, C. M. Kortelainen, P. Downing, J. A. Middelburg, J. J. Melack, J. TI Plumbing the global carbon cycle: Integrating inland waters into the terrestrial carbon budget SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE global carbon; freshwater-ecosystems; inland-waters ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON; COASTAL OCEAN; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTION; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; SOIL RESPIRATION; INORGANIC CARBON; GREENHOUSE GASES; CO2 CONSUMPTION AB Because freshwater covers such a small fraction of the Earth's surface area, inland freshwater ecosystems (particularly lakes, rivers, and reservoirs) have rarely been considered as potentially important quantitative components of the carbon cycle at either global or regional scales. By taking published estimates of gas exchange, sediment accumulation, and carbon transport for a variety of aquatic systems, we have constructed a budget for the role of inland water ecosystems in the global carbon cycle. Our analysis conservatively estimates that inland waters annually receive, from a combination of background and anthropogenically altered sources, on the order of 1.9 Pg C y(-1) from the terrestrial landscape, of which about 0.2 is buried in aquatic sediments, at least 0.8 (possibly much more) is returned to the atmosphere as gas exchange while the remaining 0.9 Pg y(-1) is delivered to the oceans, roughly equally as inorganic and organic carbon. Thus, roughly twice as much C enters inland aquatic systems from land as is exported from land to the sea. Over prolonged time net carbon fluxes in aquatic systems tend to be greater per unit area than in much of the surrounding land. Although their area is small, these freshwater aquatic systems can affect regional C balances. Further, the inclusion of inland, freshwater ecosystems provides useful insight about the storage, oxidation and transport of terrestrial C, and may warrant a revision of how the modern net C sink on land is described. C1 Univ Quebec, Dept Sci Biol, Stn Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. UIB, CSIC, IMEDEA, Esporles Islas Baleares, Spain. Finnish Environm Inst, Helsinki 00251, Finland. Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Netherlands Inst Ecol, Ctr Estuarine & Marine Ecol, NL-4401 NT Yerseke, Netherlands. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Prairie, YT (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Dept Sci Biol, Stn Ctr Ville, POB 8888, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. EM colej@ecostudies.org RI McDowell, William/E-9767-2010; Tranvik, Lars/H-2222-2011; Middelburg, Jack/B-4951-2011; Duarte, Carlos M/A-7670-2013; Prairie, Yves/B-9108-2008 OI McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047; Middelburg, Jack/0000-0003-3601-9072; Duarte, Carlos M/0000-0002-1213-1361; NR 104 TC 895 Z9 931 U1 78 U2 661 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD FEB PY 2007 VL 10 IS 1 BP 171 EP 184 DI 10.1007/s10021-006-9013-8 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 171WL UT WOS:000246766000015 ER PT J AU Schuster, RL Highland, LM AF Schuster, Robert L. Highland, Lynn M. TI Overview of the effects of mass wasting on the natural environment SO ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE mass wasting; mass movement; landslide; natural environment; earthquake; volcanic eruption ID SUBMARINE LANDSLIDES; PUERTO-RICO; PLANT SUCCESSION; DEBRIS AVALANCHE; NEW-ZEALAND; DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION; MOUNTAINS; EROSION; VALLEY AB Mass movements affect the following elements of the environment: (1) the topography of the earth's surface, particularly the morphologies of mountain and valley systems, both on the continents and on the ocean floors; (2) the character/quality of rivers and streams and groundwater flow; (3) the forests that cover much of the earth's subaerial surface; and (4) the habitats of natural wildlife that exist on the earth's surface, including its rivers, lakes, and oceans. Large amounts of geologic materials enter streams as sediment as a result of this landslide and erosion activity, thus reducing the potability of the water and quality of habitat for fish and wildlife. Biotic destruction by landslides is also common; widespread stripping of forest cover by mass movements has been noted in many parts of the world. Although most kinds of wildlife are able to retreat fast enough to avoid direct injury from all but the fastest-moving landslides, they often are subject to habitat damage by landslides. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Schuster, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,Box 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 120 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1078-7275 J9 ENVIRON ENG GEOSCI JI Environ. Eng. Geosci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 25 EP 44 DI 10.2113/gseegeosci.13.1.25 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 186TQ UT WOS:000247801500003 ER PT J AU Van Gosen, BS AF Van Gosen, Bradley S. TI The geology of asbestos in the United States and its practical applications SO ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE asbestos; geologic environments; metasomatism; metamorphism; asbestos hazard mitigation ID AMPHIBOLE ASBESTOS; MONTANA; LIBBY; BIANCAVILLA; COMPLEX; AFRICA; AREA AB Recently, naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) has drawn the attention of numerous health and regulatory agencies and citizen groups. NOA can be released airborne by (1) the disturbance of asbestos-bearing bedrocks through human activities or natural weathering, and (2) the mining and milling of some mineral deposits in which asbestos occurs as an accessory mineral(s). Because asbestos forms in specific rock types and geologic conditions, this information can be used to focus on areas with the potential to contain asbestos, rather than devoting effort to areas with minimal NOA potential. All asbestos minerals contain magnesium, silica, and water as essential constituents, and some also contain major iron and/or calcium. Predictably, the geologic environments that host asbestos are enriched in these components. Most asbestos deposits form by metasomatic replacement of magnesium-rich rocks. Asbestos-forming environments typically display shear or evidence for a significant influx of silica-rich hydrothermal fluids. Asbestos-forming processes can be driven by regional metamorphism, contact metamorphism, or magmatic hydrothermal systems. Thus, asbestos deposits of all sizes and styles are typically hosted by magnesium-rich rocks (often also iron-rich) that were altered by a metamorphic or magmatic process. Rock types known to host asbestos include serpentinites, altered ultramafic and some mafic rocks, dolomitic marbles and metamorphosed dolostones, metamorphosed iron formations, and alkalic intrusions and carbonatites. Other rock types appear unlikely to contain asbestos. These geologic insights can be used by the mining industry, regulators, land managers, and others to focus attention on the critical locales most likely to contain asbestos. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Van Gosen, BS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. OI Van Gosen, Bradley/0000-0003-4214-3811 NR 98 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 16 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1078-7275 J9 ENVIRON ENG GEOSCI JI Environ. Eng. Geosci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 55 EP 68 DI 10.2113/gseegeosci.13.1.55 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 186TQ UT WOS:000247801500005 ER PT J AU Burkholder, J Libra, B Weyer, P Heathcote, S Kolpin, D Thorne, PS Wichman, M AF Burkholder, JoAnn Libra, Bob Weyer, Peter Heathcote, Susan Kolpin, Dana Thorne, Peter S. Wichman, Michael TI Impacts of waste from concentrated animal feeding operations on water quality SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE ecology; human health; poultry; swine; water contaminants; wildlife ID CHILDHOOD DIABETES-MELLITUS; GASTRIC-CANCER MORTALITY; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; DRINKING-WATER; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; SWINE PRODUCTION; LAND APPLICATION; SURFACE WATERS; NORTH-CAROLINA AB Waste from agricultural livestock operations has been a long-standing concern with respect to contamination of water resources, particularly in terms of nutrient pollution. However, the recent growth of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) presents a greater risk to water quality because of both the increased volume of waste and to contaminants that may be present (e.g., antibiotics and other veterinary drugs) that may have both environmental and public health importance. Based on available data, generally accepted livestock waste management practices do not adequately or effectively protect water resources from contamination with excessive nutrients, microbial pathogens, and pharmaceuticals present in the waste. Impacts on surface water sources and wildlife have been documented in many agricultural areas in the United States. Potential impacts on human and environmental health from long-term inadvertent exposure to water contaminated with pharmaceuticals and other compounds are a growing public concern. This work-group, which is part of the Conference on Environmental Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Anticipating Hazards-Searching for Solutions, identified needs for rigorous ecosystem monitoring in the vicinity of CAFOs and for improved characterization of major toxicants affecting the environment and human health. Last, there is a need to promote and enforce best practices to minimize inputs of nutrients and toxicants from CAFOs into freshwater and marine ecosystems. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Iowa Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA USA. Iowa Environm Council, Des Moines, IA USA. US Geol Survey, Tox Subst Hydrol Program, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Hyg Lab, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Thorne, PS (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, 100 Oakdale Campus,176 IREH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM peter-thorne@uiowa.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES005605, P30 ES05605-14S] NR 95 TC 115 Z9 122 U1 25 U2 142 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 115 IS 2 BP 308 EP 312 DI 10.1289/ehp.8839 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 132ML UT WOS:000243946800045 PM 17384784 ER PT J AU Wang, LZ Robertson, DM Garrison, PJ AF Wang, Lizhu Robertson, Dale M. Garrison, Paul J. TI Linkages between nutrients and assemblages of macroinvertebrates and fish in wadeable streams: Implication to nutrient criteria development SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE nutrient criteria; nutrient ecoregion; threshold; disturbance; nutrient-fish relation; nutrient-macroinvertebrate relation ID PERIPHYTON BIOMASS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LAND-USE; CLASSIFICATION; PHOSPHORUS; HABITAT; RIVER; CHLOROPHYLL; ENRICHMENT; WISCONSIN AB We sampled 240 wadeable streams across Wisconsin for different forms of phosphorus and nitrogen, and assemblages of macroinvertebrates and fish to (1) examine how macroinvertebrate and fish measures correlated with the nutrients; (2) quantify relationships between key biological measures and nutrient forms to identify potential threshold levels of nutrients to support nutrient criteria development; and (3) evaluate the importance of nutrients in influencing biological assemblages relative to other physicochemical factors at different spatial scales. Twenty-three of the 35 fish and 18 of the 26 macroinvertebrate measures significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with at least one nutrient measure. Percentages of carnivorous, intolerant, and omnivorous fishes, index of biotic integrity, and salmonid abundance were fish measures correlated with the most nutrient measures and had the highest correlation coefficients. Percentages of Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera individuals and taxa, Hilsenhoff biotic index, and mean tolerance value were macroinvertebrate measures that most strongly correlated with the most nutrient measures. Selected biological measures showed clear trends toward degradation as concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen increased, and some measures showed clear thresholds where biological measures changed drastically with small changes in nutrient concentrations. Our selected environmental factors explained 54% of the variation in the fish assemblages. Of this explained variance, 46% was attributed to catchment and instream habitat, 15% to nutrients, 3% to other water quality measures, and 36% to the interactions among all the environmental variables. Selected environmental factors explained 53% of the variation in macroinvertebrate assemblages. Of this explained variance, 42% was attributed to catchment and instream habitat, 22% to nutrients, 5% to other water quality measures, and 32% to the interactions among all the environmental variables. C1 Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Fisheries Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Sci Operat Ctr, Integrated Sci & Serv, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53716 USA. RP Wang, LZ (reprint author), Michigan Dept Nat Resources, 212 Museums Annex, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM lizuwang@umich.edu OI Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596 NR 63 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 6 U2 55 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2 BP 194 EP 212 DI 10.1007/s00267-006-0135-8 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 118UV UT WOS:000242969200005 PM 17122998 ER PT J AU Ogendi, GM Brumbaugh, WG Hannigan, RE Farris, JL AF Ogendi, George M. Brumbaugh, William G. Hannigan, Robyn E. Farris, Jerry L. TI Effects of acid-volatile sulfide on metal bioavailability and toxicity to midge (Chironomus tentans) larvae in black shale sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE metals; bioavailability; acid-volatile sulfide; toxicity; black shales ID FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; CLARK-FORK RIVER; SIMULTANEOUSLY EXTRACTED METALS; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; TRACE-METALS; MONTANA; CADMIUM; NORMALIZATIONS; INVERTEBRATES AB Metal bioavailability and toxicity to aquatic organisms are greatly affected by variables such as pH, hardness, organic matter. and sediment acid-volatile sulfide (AVS). Sediment AVS, which reduces metal bioavailability and toxicity by binding and immobilizing metals as insoluble sulfides, has been studied intensely in recent years. Few studies, however, have determined the spatial variability of AVS and its interaction with simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) in sediments containing elevated concentrations of metals resulting from natural geochemical processes, such as weathering of black shales. We collected four sediment samples from each of four headwater bedrock streams in northcentral Arkansa (USA; three black shale-draining streams and one limestone-draining stream). We conducted 10-d acute whole-sediment toxicity tests using the midge Chironomus tentans and performed analyses for AVS, total metals, SEMs, and organic carbon. Most of the sediments from shale-draining streams had similar total metal and SEM concentrations but considerable differences in organic carbon and AVS. Zinc was the leading contributor to the SEM molar sum, averaging between 68 and 74%, whereas lead and cadmium contributed less than 3%. The AVS concentration was very low in all but two samples from one of the shale streams, and the sum of the SEM concentrations was in molar excess of AVS for all shale stream sediments. No significant differences in mean AVS concentrations between sediments collected from shale-draining or limestone-draining sites were noted (p > 0.05). Midge survival and growth in black shale-derived sediments were significantly less (p < 0.001) than that of limestone-derived sediments. On the whole, either SEM alone or SEM-AVS explained the total variation in midge survival and growth about equally well. However, survival and growth were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the two sediment samples that contained measurable AVS compared with the two sediments from the same stream that contained negligible AVS. C1 Arkansas State Univ, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Ogendi, GM (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, POB 847, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. EM gogendi@astate.edu RI Hannigan, Robyn /F-8628-2010 OI Hannigan, Robyn /0000-0003-4782-1124 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 325 EP 334 DI 10.1897/06-080R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 126BA UT WOS:000243486000020 PM 17713221 ER PT J AU Jackson, JB Nemeth, DJ AF Jackson, Jered B. Nemeth, Douglas J. TI A new method to describe seagrass habitat sampled during fisheries-independent monitoring SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID FISH ASSEMBLAGES; LIGHT ENVIRONMENTS; TIDAL-CREEK; VEGETATION; EELGRASS; SEA; BAY; AUSTRALIA; ECOLOGY; ESTUARY AB We explain a new method of quantifying seagrass cover and describing seagrass species composition during fisheries-independent monitoring. This new method is similar to a point-intercept method developed to estimate arboreal crown cover, but it uses an aquascope designed for shallow water. The method does not require a diver. Seagrass cover (cover ratio) distinguished different percentage cover categories in 0.25-m(2) seagrass plots. Estimates of species composition determined by using the new method were most similar to those obtained by using estimates of aboveground biomass. Within each 141-m(2) area sampled with a 21.3-m fish seine, we accurately estimated seagrass cover ratio and species composition with six observations that typically required less than 6 total minutes. Within such areas, 42 trials were conducted to evaluate the precision with which different observers estimated seagrass cover ratio and species composition. In 98% of the trials, observers attained statistically similar estimates of cover ratio, and in 100% of the trials in areas with multiple seagrass species, observers attained statistically similar estimates of species composition. We conclude that the new method provided efficient and reasonably accurate means to quantify seagrass cover and species composition. C1 Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Senator George G Kirkpatrick Marine Lab, Cedar Key, FL 32625 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Bluff Fish & Wildlife Off, Red Bluff, CA 96080 USA. RP Jackson, JB (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Senator George G Kirkpatrick Marine Lab, 11350 SW 153rd Court, Cedar Key, FL 32625 USA. EM Jered.Jackson@MyFWC.com NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD FEB PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 171 EP 178 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 149GD UT WOS:000245134200017 ER PT J AU Brown, LR Michniuk, D AF Brown, Larry R. Michniuk, Dennis TI Littoral fish assemblages of the alien-dominated sacramento - San Joaquin Delta, California, 1980-1983 and 2001-2003 SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID BLUEGILL LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; ZEALAND LOWLAND STREAM; BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; LARGEMOUTH BASS; STRIPED BASS; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES; AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; JUVENILE FISHES; CHINOOK SALMON; NATIVE FISHES AB We analyzed monthly boat electrofishing data to characterize the littoral fish assemblages of five regions of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (northern, southern, eastern, western, and central), California, during two sampling periods, 1980-1983 (1980s) and 2001-2003 (2000s), to provide information pertinent to the restoration of fish populations in this highly altered estuary. During the 1980s, almost 11,000 fish were captured, including 13 native species and 24 alien species. During the 2000s, just over 39,000 fish were captured, including 15 native species and 24 alien species. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) of total fish, alien fish, and centrarchid fish were greater in the 2000s compared with the 1980s, largely because of increased centrarchid fish CPUE. These differences in CPUE were associated with the spread of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), particularly an alien aquatic macrophyte Egeria densa. Native fish CPUE declined from the 1980s to the 2000s, but there was no single factor that could explain the decline. Native fish were most abundant in the northern region during both sampling periods. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling indicated similar patterns of fish assemblage composition during the two sampling periods, with the northern and western regions characterized by the presence of native species. The separation of the northern and western regions from the other regions was most distinct in the 2000s. Our results suggest that native fish restoration efforts will be most successful in the northern portion of the Delta. Management decisions on the Delta should include consideration of possible effects on SAV in littoral habitats and the associated fish Assemblages and ecological processes. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. RP Brown, LR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM lrbrown@usgs.gov NR 73 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD FEB PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 186 EP 200 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 149GD UT WOS:000245134200019 ER PT J AU Caffrey, JM Chapin, TP Jannasch, HW Haskins, JC AF Caffrey, Jane M. Chapin, Thomas P. Jannasch, Hans W. Haskins, John C. TI High nutrient pulses, tidal mixing and biological response in a small California estuary: Variability in nutrient concentrations from decadal to hourly time scales SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nutrients; nitrogen; phosphorus; runoff; Mediterranean climate; pulses; harmonic analysis; spectral analysis ID NET ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM; NORTH-CAROLINA; RIVER ESTUARY; BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SHALLOW ESTUARIES; COASTAL WATERS; US ESTUARIES; LAND-USE; NITROGEN AB Elkhorn Slough is a small estuary in Central California, where nutrient inputs are dominated by runoff from agricultural row crops, a golf course, and residential development. We examined the variability in nutrient concentrations from decadal to hourly time scales in Elkhorn Slough to compare forcing by physical and biological factors. Hourly data were collected using in situ nitrate analyzers and water quality data sondes, and two decades of monthly monitoring data were analyzed. Nutrient concentrations increased from the mid 1970s to 1990s as pastures and woodlands were converted to row crops and population increased in the watershed. Climatic variability was also a significant factor controlling interannual nutrient variability, with higher nutrient concentrations during wet than drought years. Elkhorn Slough has a Mediterranean climate with dry and rainy seasons. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations were relatively low (10-70 mu mol L-1) during the dry season and high (20-160 mu mol L-1) during the rainy season. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentrations showed the inverse pattern, with higher concentrations during the dry season. Pulsed runoff events were a consistent feature controlling nitrate concentrations during the rainy season. Peak nitrate concentrations lagged runoff events by 1 to 6 days. Tidal exchange with Monterey Bay was also an important process controlling nutrient concentrations, particularly near the mouth of the Slough. Biological processes had the greatest effect on nitrate concentrations during the dry season and were less important during the rainy season. While primary production was enhanced by nutrient pulses, chlorophyll a concentrations were not. We believe that the generally weak biological response compared to the strong physical forcing in Elkhorn Slough occurred because the short residence time and tidal mixing rapidly diluted nutrient pulses. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ W Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost & Bioremediat, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Elkhorn Slough Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Watsonville, CA 95076 USA. RP Caffrey, JM (reprint author), Univ W Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost & Bioremediat, 11000 Univ Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. EM jcaffrey@uwf.edu NR 55 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3-4 BP 368 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.08.015 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 135TT UT WOS:000244177300003 ER PT J AU Crusius, J Kenna, TC AF Crusius, John Kenna, Timothy C. TI Ensuring confidence in radionuclide-based sediment chronologies and bioturbation rates SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bioturbation; radioisotopes; chronostratigraphy; sediment mixing; geochronometry; fallout; lead 210; caesium; sediment mixing; modelling ID DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; MIXING RATES; PB-210; PROFILES; DISTRIBUTIONS; MATHEMATICS; INDICATORS; PACIFIC; TRACERS; COASTAL AB Sedimentary records of naturally occurring and fallout-derived radionuclides are widely used as tools for estimating both the ages of recent sediments and rates of sedimentation and bioturbation. Developing these records to the point of data interpretation requires careful sample collection, processing, analysis and data modeling. In this work, we document a number of potential pitfalls that can impact sediment core records and their interpretation. This paper is not intended as an exhaustive treatment of these potential problems. Rather, the emphasis is on potential problems that are not well documented in the literature, as follows: (1) the mere sampling of sediment cores at a resolution that is too coarse can result in an apparent diffusive mixing of the sedimentary record at rates comparable to diffusive bioturbation rates observed in many locations; (2) Pb-210 profiles in slowly accumulating sediments can easily be misinterpreted to be driven by sedimentation, when in fact bioturbation is the dominant control. Multiple isotopes of different half lives and/or origin may help to distinguish between these two possible interpretations; (3) apparent mixing can occur due simply to numerical artifacts inherent in the finite difference approximations of the advection diffusion equation used to model sedimentation and bioturbation. Model users need to be aware of this potential problem. Solutions to each of these potential pitfalls are offered to ensure the best possible sediment age estimates and/or sedimentation and bioturbation rates can be obtained. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Crusius, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jcrusius@usgs.gov; tkenna@ldeo.columbia.edu NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3-4 BP 537 EP 544 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.09.006 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 135TT UT WOS:000244177300017 ER PT J AU Wasserberg, G Kotler, BP Morris, DW Abramsky, Z AF Wasserberg, Gideon Kotler, Burt P. Morris, Douglas W. Abramsky, Zvika TI A field test of the centrifugal community organization model using psammophilic gerbils in Israel's southern coastal plain SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE asymmetric centrifugal community organization; Gerbillus andersoni allenbyi; Gerbillus pyramidum; giving-up density; habitat selection; mechanism of co-existence ID HABITAT SELECTION; DESERT RODENTS; PATCH USE; COMPETITION; PREDATION; COEXISTENCE; NEGEV AB Background: An optimal habitat selection model called centrifugal community organization (CCO) predicts that species, although they have the same primary habitat, may co-exist owing to their ability to use different secondary habitats. Goal: Test the predictions of CCO with field experiments. Species: The Egyptian sand gerbil (40 g), Gerbillus pyramidum, and Allenby's gerbil (25 g), G. andersoni allenbyi. Site: Ashdod sand dunes in the southern coastal plain of Israel. Three sandy habitats are present: shifting, semi-stabilized, and stabilized sand. Gerbils occupied all three habitats. Methods: We surveyed rodent abundance, activity levels, and foraging behaviour while experimentally removing G. pyramidum. Results: Three predictions of the CCO model were supported. Both species did best in the semi-stabilized habitat. However, they differed in their secondary habitats. Gerbillus pyramidum preferred the shifting sand habitat, whereas G. a. allenbyi preferred the stabilized habitat. Habitat selection by both species depended on density. However, in contrast to CCO, G. pyramidum dominated the core habitat and excluded G. a. allenbyi. We term this variant of CCO, 'asymmetric CCO'. Conclusions: The fundamental feature of CCO appears valid: co-existence may result not because of what each competing species does best, but because of what they do as a back-up. But in contrast to the prediction of the original CCO model, all dynamic traces of interaction can vanish if the system includes interference competition. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Russell Lab 207, USGS Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Mitrani Dept Desert Ecol, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel. Lakehead Univ, Dept Biol, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Life Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Wasserberg, G (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Russell Lab 207, USGS Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM wasserberg@wisc.edu RI Kotler, Burt/F-1381-2012; ABRAMSKY, ZVIKA/F-1123-2012 OI Kotler, Burt/0000-0003-2693-8788; NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1522-0613 EI 1937-3791 J9 EVOL ECOL RES JI Evol. Ecol. Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 9 IS 2 BP 299 EP 311 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 148ON UT WOS:000245084600006 ER PT J AU Paukert, C McInerny, M Schultz, R AF Paukert, Craig McInerny, Michael Schultz, Randall TI Historical trends in creel limits, length-based limits, and season restrictions for black basses in the United States and Canada SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID LARGEMOUTH BASS AB We determined for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), smallmouth bass (M. dolomeui), and spotted bass (M. punctulatus) historical trends in state- and province-wide creel limits, length limits, and season closures along with the rationale justifying these regulations. Based on data gathered via mail surveys and the Internet, 55 jurisdictions had state- or province-wide creel limits, minimum length limits, or season closures, with each regulation type enacted as early as pre-1900. Most early regulations were established to protect spawning bass, but providing equitable distribution of harvest and increasing the quality of bass catch or harvest were the most common rationales for current regulations. Spatial and temporal trends in regulations were similar among species, were affected by geographic location, were not affected by angler preference except for season closures, and were frequently uninfluenced by advances in scientific knowledge of black bass biology. C1 Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Hutchinson, MN USA. RP Paukert, C (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM Mike.McInerny@dnr.state.mn.us NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD FEB PY 2007 VL 32 IS 2 BP 62 EP 72 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2007)32[62:HTICLB]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 146VM UT WOS:000244962800005 ER PT J AU Monaco, ME Friedlander, AM Caldow, C Christensen, JD Rogers, C Beets, J Miller, J Boulon, R AF Monaco, M. E. Friedlander, A. M. Caldow, C. Christensen, J. D. Rogers, C. Beets, J. Miller, J. Boulon, R. TI Characterising reef fish populations and habitats within and outside the US Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument: a lesson in marine protected area design SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; coral reefs; marine protected areas; marine reserves; reef fish; US Virgin Islands ID ECOSYSTEMS AB Marine protected areas are an important tool for management of marine ecosystems. Despite their utility, ecological design criteria are often not considered or feasible to implement when establishing protected areas. In 2001, the Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument (VICRNM) in St John, US Virgin Islands was established by Executive Order. The VICRNM prohibits almost all extractive uses. Surveys of habitat and fishes inside and outside of the VICRNM were conducted in 2002-2004. Areas outside the VICRNM had significantly more hard corals, greater habitat complexity, and greater richness, abundance and biomass of reef fishes than areas within the VICRNM. The administrative process used to delineate the boundaries of the VICRNM did not include a robust ecological characterisation of the area. Because of reduced habitat complexity within the VICRNM, the enhancement of the marine ecosystem may not be fully realised or increases in economically important reef fishes may take longer to detect. C1 NOAA, Biogeog Team, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. US Geol Survey, Caribbean Field Stn, St John, VI USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Natl Pk Serv, St John, VI USA. RP Monaco, ME (reprint author), NOAA, Biogeog Team, 1305 East West Highway,SSMC4,9th Floor,N-SCI1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM mark.monaco@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 14 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 123KP UT WOS:000243295100004 ER PT J AU Scholten, GD Bettoli, PW AF Scholten, George D. Bettoli, Phillip W. TI Lack of size selectivity for paddlefish captured in hobbled gillnets SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE gillnet; selectivity; mesh size; paddlefish ID NET SELECTIVITY; FISHERY; RIVER AB A commercial fishery for paddlefish Polyodon spathula caviar exists in Kentucky Lake, a reservoir on the lower Tennessee River. A 152-mm (bar-measure) minimum mesh size restriction on entanglement gear was enacted in 2002 and the minimum size limit was increased to 864 rum eye-fork length to reduce the possibility of recruitment overfishing. Paddlefish were sampled in 2003-2004 using experimental monofilament gillnets with panels of 89, 102, 127, 152, 178, and 203-mm meshes and the efficacy of the mesh size restriction was evaluated. Following the standards of commercial gear used in that fishery, nets were "hobbled" (i.e., 128 m x 3.6 m nets were tied down to 2.4 m; 91 m x 9.1 m nets were tied down to 7.6 m). The mean lengths of paddlefish (N-total = 576 fish) captured in each mesh were similar among most meshes and byeatch rates of sublegal fish did not vary with mesh size. Selectivity curves could not be modeled because the mean and modal lengths of fish captured in each mesh did not increase with mesh size. Ratios of fish girth to mesh perimeter (G:P) for individual fish were often less than 1.0 as a result of the largest meshes capturing small paddlefish. It is unclear whether lack of size selectivity for paddlefish was because the gillnets were hobbled, the unique morphology of paddlefish, or the fact that they swim with their mouths agape when filter feeding. The lack of size selectivity by hobbled gillnets fished in Kentucky Lake means that managers cannot influence the size of paddlefish captured by commercial gillnet gear by changing minimum mesh size regulations. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, Nashville, TN 37204 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Scholten, GD (reprint author), Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, POB 40747, Nashville, TN 37204 USA. EM george.scholten@state.tn.us; pbettoli@tntech.edu NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 83 IS 2-3 BP 355 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2006.11.005 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 131DA UT WOS:000243847200024 ER PT J AU Mukhi, S Torres, L Patino, R AF Mukhi, Sandeep Torres, Leticia Patino, Reynaldo TI Effects of larval-juvenile treatment with perchlorate and co-treatment with thyroxine on zebrafish sex ratios SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thyroid hormone; perchlorate; sex ratio; zebrafish ID ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; RECEPTOR MESSENGER-RNA; THYROID-HORMONE; DANIO-RERIO; AMMONIUM-PERCHLORATE; AROMATASE-ACTIVITY; OOCYTE APOPTOSIS; GRANULOSA-CELLS; SERTOLI CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION AB The objective of this study was to determine the effect of larval-juvenile exposure to perchlorate, a thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitor, on the establishment of gonadal sex ratios in zebrafish. Zebrafish were exposed to untreated water or water containing perchlorate at 100 or 250 ppm for a period of 30 days starting at 3 days postfertilization (dpf). Recovery treatments consisted of a combination of perchlorate and exogenous thyroxine (T-4; 10 nM). Thyroid histology was assessed at the end of the treatment period (33 dpf), and gonadal histology and sex ratios were determined in fish that were allowed an additional 10-day period of growth in untreated water. As expected, exposure to perchlorate caused changes in thyroid histology consistent with hypothyroidism and these effects were reversed by co-treatment with exogenous T-4. Perchlorate did not affect fish survival but co-treatment with T-4 induced higher mortality. However, relative to the corresponding perchlorate concentration, co-treatment with T-4 caused increased mortality only at a perchlorate concentration of 100 ppm. Perchlorate alone or in the presence of T-4 suppressed body length at 43 dpf relative to control values. Perchlorate exposure skewed the sex ratio toward female in a concentration-dependent manner, and co-treatment with T-4 not only blocked the ferninizing effect of perchlorate but also overcompensated by skewing the sex ratio towards male. Moreover, co-treatment with T-4 advanced the onset of spermatogenesis in mates. There was no clear association between sex ratios and larval survival or growth. We conclude that endogenous thyroid hormone plays a role in the establishment of gonadal sex phenotype during early development in zebrafish. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management & Biol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Patino, R (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM reynaldo.patino@ttu.edu NR 41 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 150 IS 3 BP 486 EP 494 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.11.013 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 127DX UT WOS:000243566600014 PM 17196199 ER PT J AU Kelley, KD Hudson, T AF Kelley, Karen D. Hudson, Travis TI Natural versus anthropogenic dispersion of metals to the environment in the Wulik River area, western Brooks Range, northern Alaska SO GEOCHEMISTRY-EXPLORATION ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE zinc deposits; natural weathering; environmental geochemistry; anthropogenic effects; arctic climate; Red Dog ID ZN-PB-AG; BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS; MINERALIZED AREAS; MINING DISTRICT; GEOCHEMISTRY; CARBONATE; DEPOSITS; ORIGIN; BARITE; ROCKS AB Zinc-lead-silver mineral deposits in the Wulik River region, Alaska, contain an enormous accumulation of Zn. In addition to the giant deposits at Red Dog, at least nine other deposits are known. Natural weathering of these deposits has dispersed metals over a wide region over a long period of time (c. 10 000 years) through transport by stream and groundwater, stream sediments, formation of soils, and perhaps wind-blown atmospheric deposition from weathering of naturally enriched Pb-Zn surface deposits. Anthropogenic input also contributes metals to the environment. Mining of the Red Dog deposit, which began in 1989, produces fine-grained galena and sphalerite concentrates that are transported from the mine site by truck to a storage port facility. Wind-blown dispersion of concentrate dust along the road and around the port facility has been a source of local metal-rich surficial materials. Geochemical and mineralogical characteristics provide a means of distinguishing the natural versus anthropogenic metal sources. Soils over deposits have patterns of increasing metal contents with depth and proximity to the metal-bearing source, whereas ore concentrate dust is localized at the surface. The acidity produced by weathering of the sulphide deposits creates an environment in which elements such as Se and Mo are stable whereas Ca is not. Consequently, high Mo (up to 29 ppm) and Se (up to 17 ppm) and low Ca (< 0.4%) concentrations characterize surficial materials near natural deposits. Acidic conditions also yield high Pb-Zn ratios (up to 70) because sphalerite is preferentially dissolved and Zn is mobilized during chemical weathering. In natural materials, secondary jarosite and anglesite are developed, and minor galena is etched and rounded due to a history of chemical and mechanical weathering. In contrast, dust-bearing samples have Pb/Zn ratios that are 0.4 or less, Ca contents are higher (0.2 to 3.6%), and Mo (< 10 ppm) and Se (not detected) concentrations are low. Furthermore, galena and sphalerite grains are angular and secondary minerals are lacking. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Appl Geol Inc, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Kelley, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS964,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM kdkelley@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7873 J9 GEOCHEM-EXPLOR ENV A JI Geochem.-Explor. Environ. Anal. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 7 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1144/1467-7873/06-121 PN 1 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 129TI UT WOS:000243752600008 ER PT J AU Reneau, SL Katzman, D Kuyumjian, GA Lavine, A Malmon, DV AF Reneau, Steven L. Katzman, Danny Kuyumjian, Gregory A. Lavine, Alexis Malmon, Daniel V. TI Sediment delivery after a wildfire SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sediment load; sedimentation rates; erosion rates; fires; cesium; New Mexico ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; DEBRIS-FLOW; FIRE AB We use a record of sedimentation in a small reservoir within the Cerro Grande burn area, New Mexico, to document postfire delivery of ash, other fine-grained sediment carried in suspension within floods, and coarse-grained sediment transported as bedload over a five-year period. Ash content of sediment layers is estimated using fallout Cs-137 as a tracer, and ash concentrations are shown to rapidly decrease through a series of moderate-intensity convective storms in the first rainy season after the fire. Over 90% of the ash was delivered to the reservoir in the first year, and ash concentrations in suspended sediment were negligible after the second year. Delivery of the remainder of the fine sediment also declined rapidly after the first year despite the occurrence of higher-intensity storms in the second year. Fine sediment loads after five years remained significantly above prefire averages. Deposition of coarse-grained sediment was irregular in time and was associated with transport by snowmelt runoff of sediment stored along the upstream channel during short-duration summer floods. Coarse sediment delivery in the first four years was strongly correlated with snowmelt volume, suggesting a transport-limited system with abundant available sediment. Transport rates of coarse sediment declined in the fifth year, consistent with a transition to a more stable channel as the accessible sediment supply was depleted and the channel bed coarsened. Maximum impacts from ash and other fine-grained sediment therefore occurred soon after the fire, whereas the downstream impacts from coarse-grained sediment were attenuated by the more gradual process of bedload sediment transport. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Geol & Spatial Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Water Stewardship Program, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Earth Surface Proc Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Reneau, SL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Geol & Spatial Anal Grp, MS D452, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 19 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 151 EP 154 DI 10.1130/G23288A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 132NC UT WOS:000243948500015 ER PT J AU Nordt, L von Fischer, J Tieszen, L AF Nordt, Lee von Fischer, Joseph Tieszen, Larry TI Late Quaternary temperature record from buried soils of the North American Great Plains SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE North America; grassland; buried soil; Quaternary; stable isotope; temperature ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; INTERGLACIAL VARIATIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; FUNCTIONAL TYPES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HOLOCENE; VEGETATION; C-3; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS AB We present the first comprehensive late Quaternary record of North American Great Plains temperature by assessing the behavior of the stable isotopic composition (delta C-13) of buried soils. After examining the relationship between the delta C-13 of topsoil organic matter and July temperature from 61 native prairies within a latitudinal range of 46 degrees-38 degrees N, we applied the resulting regression equation to 64 published delta C-13 values from buried soils of the same region to construct a temperature curve for the past 12 k.y. Estimated temperatures from 12 to 10 ka (1 k.y. = 1000 C-14 yr B.P.) fluctuated with a periodicity of similar to 1 k.y. with two cool excursions between -4.5 and -3.5 degrees C and two warmer excursions between -1 and 0 degrees C, relative to modern. Early Holocene temperatures from ca.10-7.5 ka were -1.0 to -2.0 degrees C before rising to +1.0 degrees C in the middle Holocene between 6.0 and 4.5 ka. After a cool interlude from 4.2 to 2.6 ka, when temperatures dropped to slightly below modern, another warm interval ensued from 2.6 to 1 ka as temperatures increased to similar to+0.5 degrees C. A final decline in temperature to below modern occurred beginning ca.0.5 ka. Cooler than present temperatures in the Great Plains indicate telecommunications with cool-water episodes in the Gulf of Mexico and North Atlantic potentially governed by a combination of glacial meltwater pulses and low solar irradiance. C1 Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Nordt, L (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM lee_nordt@baylor.edu RI von Fischer, Joseph/B-5443-2008 NR 35 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 159 EP 162 DI 10.1130/G23345A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 132NC UT WOS:000243948500017 ER PT J AU Navarro-Gonzalez, R Mahan, SA Singhvi, AK Navarro-Aceves, R Rajot, JL McKay, CP Coll, P Raulin, F AF Navarro-Gonzalez, Rafael Mahan, Shannon A. Singhvi, Ashok K. Navarro-Aceves, Rafael Rajot, Jean-Louis McKay, Christopher P. Coll, Patrice Raulin, Francois TI Paleoecology reconstruction from trapped gases in a fulgurite from the late Pleistocene of the Libyan Desert SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fulgurite; thermoluminescence; lightning; Libyan desert; Sahel; paleoenvironment; Pleistocene ID NITROGEN-FIXATION; NITRIC-OXIDE; ARABIAN PENINSULA; FEEDBACKS; AFRICA; ENERGY AB When lightning strikes the ground, it heats, melts, and fuses the sand in soils to form glass tubes known as fulgurites. We report here the composition of CO, CO, and NO contained within the glassy bubbles of a fulgurite from the Libyan Desert. The results show that the fulgurite formed when the ground contained 0.1 wt% organic carbon with a C/N ratio of 10-15 and a delta C-13 of -13.96 parts per thousand, compositions similar to those found in the present-day semiarid region of the Sahel, where the vegetation is dominated by C, plants. Thermoluminescence dating indicates that this fulgurite formed similar to 15 k.y. ago. These results imply that the semiarid Sahel (at 17 degrees N) reached at least to 24 degrees N at this time, and demonstrate that fuligurite gases and luminescence geochronology can be used in quantitative paleoecology. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Lab Quim Plasmas & Estudios Planetarios, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Paris 12, CNRS, UMR 7583, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, F-94010 Creteil, France. Univ Paris 07, CMC, F-94010 Creteil, France. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Phys Res Lab, Planetary & Geosci Div, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. Inst Rech Dev, Niamey, Niger. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Navarro-Gonzalez, R (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Lab Quim Plasmas & Estudios Planetarios, Circuito Exterior,Ciudad Univ,Apartado Postal 70, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RI Gonzalez, Rafael/D-1748-2009; RAJOT, Jean Louis/J-5635-2016; OI RAJOT, Jean Louis/0000-0002-3428-5636; Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 171 EP 174 DI 10.1130/G23246A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 132NC UT WOS:000243948500020 ER PT J AU Lipman, PW AF Lipman, Peter W. TI Incremental assembly and prolonged consolidation of Cordilleran magma chambers: Evidence from the Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Review DE magma chambers; volcanic field; ignimbrites; calderas ID CENTRAL SIERRA-NEVADA; LONG-VALLEY CALDERA; CRATER LAKE CALDERA; ASH-FLOW CALDERAS; VELOCITY STRUCTURE BENEATH; TUOLUMNE INTRUSIVE SUITE; SOUTHWESTERN NEW-MEXICO; YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; FISH CANYON TUFF AB Recent inference that Mesozoic Cordilleran plutons grew incrementally during > 10(6) yr intervals, without the presence of voluminous eruptible magma at any stage, minimizes close associations with large ignimbrite calderas. Alternatively, Tertiary ignimbrites in the Rocky Mountains and elsewhere, with volumes of 1 - 5 x 10(3) km(3), record multistage histories of magma accumulation, fractionation, and solidification in upper parts of large subvolcanic plutons that were sufficiently liquid to erupt. Individual calderas, up to 75 km across with 2 - 5 km subsidence, are direct evidence for shallow magma bodies comparable to the largest granitic plutons. As exemplified by the composite Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field ( here summarized comprehensively for the first time), which is comparable in areal extent, magma composition, eruptive volume, and duration to continental-margin volcanism of the central Andes, nested calderas that erupted compositionally diverse tuffs document deep composite subsidence and rapid evolution in subvolcanic magma bodies. Spacing of Tertiary calderas at distances of tens to hundreds of kilometers is comparable to Mesozoic Cordilleran pluton spacing. Downwind ash in eastern Cordilleran sediments records large-scale explosive volcanism concurrent with Mesozoic batholith growth. Mineral fabrics and gradients indicate unified flowage of many pluton interiors before complete solidification, and some plutons contain ring dikes or other textural evidence for roof subsidence. Geophysical data show that low-density upper-crustal rocks, inferred to be plutons, are 10 km or more thick beneath many calderas. Most ignimbrites are more evolved than associated plutons; evidence that the subcaldera chambers retained voluminous residua from fractionation. Initial incremental pluton growth in the upper crust was likely recorded by modest eruptions from central volcanoes; preparation for caldera-scale ignimbrite eruption involved recurrent magma input and homogenization high in the chamber. Some eroded calderas expose shallow granites of similar age and composition to tuffs, recording sustained postcaldera magmatism. Plutons thus provide an integrated record of prolonged magmatic evolution, while volcanism offers snapshots of conditions at early stages. Growth of subvolcanic batholiths involved sustained multistage open-system processes. These commonly involved ignimbrite eruptions at times of peak power input, but assembly and consolidation processes continued at diminishing rates long after peak volcanism. Some evidence cited for early incremental pluton assembly more likely records late events during or after volcanism. Contrasts between relatively primitive arc systems dominated by andesitic compositions and small upper-crustal plutons versus more silicic volcanic fields and associated batholiths probably reflect intertwined contrasts in crustal thickness and magmatic power input. Lower power input would lead to a Cascade- or Aleutian-type arc system, where intermediate-composition magma erupts directly from middle- and lower-crustal storage without development of large shallow plutons. Andean and southern Rocky Mountain - type systems begin similarly with intermediate-composition volcanism, but increasing magma production, perhaps triggered by abrupt changes in plate boundaries, leads to development of larger upper-crustal reservoirs, more silicic compositions, large ignimbrites, and batholiths. Lack of geophysical evidence for voluminous eruptible magma beneath young calderas suggests that near-solidus plutons can be rejuvenated rapidly by high-temperature mafic recharge, potentially causing large explosive eruptions with only brief precursors. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lipman, PW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM plipman@usgs.gov NR 170 TC 192 Z9 196 U1 2 U2 41 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD FEB PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1 BP 42 EP 70 DI 10.1130/GES00061.1 PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 167VQ UT WOS:000246481000004 ER PT J AU Galloway, DL Hoffmann, J AF Galloway, Devin L. Hoffmann, Joern TI The application of satellite differential SAR interferometry-derived ground displacements in hydrogeology SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; subsidence; aquifer-system compaction; groundwater flow; InSAR ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; AQUIFER SYSTEM COMPACTION; SANTA-CLARA-VALLEY; LAS-VEGAS VALLEY; LAND SUBSIDENCE; ANTELOPE VALLEY; PERMANENT SCATTERERS; SURFACE DEFORMATION; CALIFORNIA; INSAR AB The application of satellite differential synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry, principally coherent (InSAR) and to a lesser extent, persistent-scatterer (PSI) techniques to hydrogeologic studies has improved capabilities to map, monitor, analyze, and simulate groundwater flow, aquifer-system compaction and land subsidence. A number of investigations over the previous decade show how the spatially detailed images of ground displacements measured with InSAR have advanced hydrogeologic understanding, especially when a time series of images is used in conjunction with histories of changes in water levels and management practices. Important advances include: (1) identifying structural or lithostratigraphic boundaries (e.g. faults or transitional facies) of groundwater flow and deformation; (2) defining the material and hydraulic heterogeneity of deforming aquifer-systems; (3) estimating system properties (e.g. storage coefficients and hydraulic conductivities); and (4) constraining numerical models of groundwater flow, aquifer-system compaction, and land subsidence. As a component of an integrated approach to hydrogeologic monitoring and characterization of unconsolidated alluvial groundwater basins differential SAR interferometry contributes unique information that can facilitate improved management of groundwater resources. Future satellite SAR missions specifically designed for differential interferometry will enhance these contributions. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. German Aerosp Ctr, German Remote Sensing Data Ctr, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. RP Galloway, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Modoc Hall Ste 3005,3020 State Univ Dr E, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM dlgallow@usgs.gov OI Galloway, Devin/0000-0003-0904-5355 NR 88 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 15 IS 1 BP 133 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s10040-006-0121-5 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 130NA UT WOS:000243805100014 ER PT J AU Lopes, RMC Mitchell, KL Stofan, ER Lunine, JI Lorenz, R Paganelli, F Kirk, RL Wood, CA Wall, SD Robshaw, LE Fortes, AD Neish, CD Radebaugh, J Reffet, E Ostro, SJ Elachi, C Allison, MD Anderson, Y Boehmer, R Boubin, G Callahan, P Encrenaz, P Flamini, E Francescetti, G Gim, Y Hamilton, G Hensley, S Janssen, MA Johnson, WTK Kelleher, K Muhleman, DO Ori, G Orosei, R Picardi, G Posa, F Roth, LE Seu, R Shaffer, S Soderblom, LA Stiles, B Vetrella, S West, RD Wye, L Zebker, HA AF Lopes, R. M. C. Mitchell, K. L. Stofan, E. R. Lunine, J. I. Lorenz, R. Paganelli, F. Kirk, R. L. Wood, C. A. Wall, S. D. Robshaw, L. E. Fortes, A. D. Neish, C. D. Radebaugh, J. Reffet, E. Ostro, S. J. Elachi, C. Allison, M. D. Anderson, Y. Boehmer, R. Boubin, G. Callahan, P. Encrenaz, P. Flamini, E. Francescetti, G. Gim, Y. Hamilton, G. Hensley, S. Janssen, M. A. Johnson, W. T. K. Kelleher, K. Muhleman, D. O. Ori, G. Orosei, R. Picardi, G. Posa, F. Roth, L. E. Seu, R. Shaffer, S. Soderblom, L. A. Stiles, B. Vetrella, S. West, R. D. Wye, L. Zebker, H. A. TI Cryovolcanic features on Titan's surface as revealed by the Cassini Titan Radar Mapper SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE titan; volcanism; satellites of Saturn ID STEEP-SIDED DOMES; PLANETOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; HUYGENS PROBE; LAVA FLOWS; EMPLACEMENT; VENUS; EUROPA; LIQUID; ATMOSPHERE AB The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper obtained Synthetic Aperture Radar images of Titan's surface during four fly-bys during the mission's first year. These images show that Titan's surface is very complex geologically, showing evidence of major planetary geologic processes, including cryovolcanism. This paper discusses the variety of cryovolcanic features identified from SAR images, their possible origin, and their geologic context. The features which we identify as cryovolcanic in origin include a large (180 km diameter) volcanic construct (dome or shield), several extensive flows, and three calderas which appear to be the source of flows. The composition of the cryomagma on Titan is still unknown, but constraints on rheological properties can be estimated using flow thickness. Rheological properties of one flow were estimated and appear inconsistent with ammonia-water slurries, and possibly more consistent with ammonia-water-methanol slurries. The extent of cryovolcanism on Titan is still not known, as only a small fraction of the surface has been imaged at sufficient resolution. Energetic considerations suggest that cryovolcanism may have been a dominant process in the resurfacing of Titan. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Proxemy Res, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Wheeling Jesuit Univ, Wheeling, WV 26003 USA. Univ Lancaster, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, I-00131 Rome, Italy. Fac Ingn, I-80125 Naples, Italy. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. IRSPS, Pescara, Italy. CNR, IASF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00184 Rome, Italy. INFM, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Interateneo Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. INAF, IFSI, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Lopes, RMC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM rosaly.m.lopes@jpl.nasa.gov RI Fortes, Andrew/C-1349-2011; Neish, Catherine/G-6321-2012; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016; OI Fortes, Andrew/0000-0001-5907-2285; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167; ORI, Gian Gabriele/0000-0002-6460-1476 NR 59 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2007 VL 186 IS 2 BP 395 EP 412 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.006 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134KF UT WOS:000244081200008 ER PT J AU Hower, JC Ruppert, LF Eble, CF AF Hower, James C. Ruppert, Leslie F. Eble, Cortland F. TI Lateral variation in geochemistry, petrology, and palynology in the Elswick coal bed, Pike County, Kentucky SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Kentucky; coal; petrology; geochemistry; palynology ID CENTRAL APPALACHIAN BASIN; EASTERN KENTUCKY; BREATHITT FORMATION; WHITLEY COUNTY; POND CREEK; GERMANIUM; FIELD; PALEOECOLOGY; ARCHITECTURE; COALFIELD AB The Middle Pennsylvanian/Langsettian (Westphalian A) Elswick coal bed, correlative to the Upper Banner of Virginia, is a rare example of a mined high-sulfur (> 2%) coal in Eastern Kentucky, a region known for low-sulfur coals. To characterize lateral variation in the geochemistry, petrography, and palynology of the Elswick coal bed, three sites were sampled along a southeast-northwest transect within a single mine. At the southeastern site, the lower 101 cm of the 116-cm thick coal is dull, generally dominated by durain and dull clarain. While all benches at this site fit within the previously-defined "mixed palylloflora moderate/low vitrinite group," suggesting a stressed environment of deposition, the palynology of the benches of the dull interval show greater diversity than might be expected just from the petrology. Lithology is generally similar between the sites, but each site has some differences in the petrology. Overall, the coal bed shows significant lateral variation in properties at the mine scale, some of which can be attributed to the gain or loss of upper and lower lithologies, either through an actual physical merging or through the change in character of lithotypes. Sulfur content varies between the three sites examined for this study. Site 3, located in the northwestern portion of the study area is characterized by a strikingly high sulfur zone (7.45%) in the middle of the coal bed, a feature missing at the other sites. Pyrite and marcasite, in a mid-seam lithotype at the northwestern site (site 3), show signs of overgrowths, indicating multiple generations of sulfide emplacement. The high-sulfur site 3 lithologies all have massive overgrowths of euhedral and framboidal pyrite, fracture-and cleat-fill pyrite, and sulfide emplacement in fusinite lumens. Sulfur is high throughout the mine area, but variations Eire evident in the extent of secondary growth of sulfides. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Kentucky Geol Survey, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Hower, JC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, 2540 Res Pk Dr, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. EM hower@caer.uky.edu OI Ruppert, Leslie/0000-0002-7453-1061 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 BP 165 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2006.04.007 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 138LS UT WOS:000244364700004 ER PT J AU Moran, B Kulkarni, SS Reeves, HW AF Moran, Brian Kulkarni, Salil S. Reeves, Howard W. TI A path-independent integral for the characterization of solute concentration and flux at biofilm detachments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article DE path-independent integral; biofilm; domain integral; Michaelis-Menten; anti-plane crack; nonlinear kinetics ID BACTERIAL BIOFILMS AB A path-independent (conservation) integral is developed for the characterization of solute concentration and flux in a biofilm in the vicinity of a detachment or other flux limiting boundary condition. Steady state conditions of solute diffusion are considered and biofilm kinetics are described by an uptake term which can be expressed in terms of a potential (Michaelis-Menten kinetics). An asymptotic solution for solute concentration at the tip of the detachment is obtained and shown to be analogous to that of antiplane crack problems in linear elasticity. It is shown that the amplitude of the asymptotic solution can be calculated by evaluating a path-independent integral. The special case of a semi-infinite detachment in an infinite strip is considered and the amplitude of the asymptotic field is related to the boundary conditions and problem parameters in closed form for zeroth and first order kinetics and numerically for Michaelis-Menten kinetics. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. US Geol Survey, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. RP Moran, B (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM b-moran@northwestern.edu; salil@northwestern.edu; hwreeves@usgs.gov RI Moran, Brian/B-7033-2009; OI Reeves, Howard/0000-0001-8057-2081 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 143 IS 3 BP 291 EP 300 DI 10.1007/s10704-007-9067-4 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 173JM UT WOS:000246869300008 ER PT J AU Ling, YR Ehlers, M Usery, EL Madden, M AF Ling, Yangrong Ehlers, Manfred Usery, E. Lynn Madden, Marguerite TI FFT-enhanced IHS transform method for fusing high-resolution satellite images SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE image fusion; FFT; IHS transform; PCA; wavelet; ikonos; QuickBird ID LANDSAT-TM DATA; MULTIRESOLUTION; INFORMATION; QUALITY AB Existing image fusion techniques such as the intensity-hue-saturation (IHS) transform and principal components analysis (PCA) methods may not be optimal for fusing the new generation commercial high-resolution satellite images such as Ikonos and QuickBird. One problem is color distortion in the fused image, which causes visual changes as well as spectral differences between the original and fused images. In this paper, a fast Fourier transform (FFT)-enhanced IHS method is developed for fusing new generation high-resolution satellite images. This method combines a standard IHS transform with FFT filtering of both the panchromatic image and the intensity component of the original multispectral image. Ikonos and QuickBird data are used to assess the FFT-enhanced IHS transforrn method. Experimental results indicate that the FFT-enhanced IHS transform method may improve upon the standard IHS transform and the PCA methods in preserving spectral and spatial information. (c) 2006 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS). Published by Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, GeoResources Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Osnabruck, Inst Geoinformat & Remote Sensing, D-4500 Osnabruck, Germany. US Geol Survey, Ctr Excellence Geospatial Informat Sci, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ling, YR (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, GeoResources Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM yangrong@gri.msstate.edu NR 33 TC 70 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 61 IS 6 BP 381 EP 392 DI 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2006.11.002 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 138ME UT WOS:000244365900003 ER PT J AU Peters, KA Otis, DL AF Peters, Kimberly A. Otis, David L. TI Shorebird roost-site selection at two temporal scales: is human disturbance a factor? SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE habitat selection; high-tide roost; human disturbance; recreational boats ID FRANCISCO BAY ESTUARY; HABITAT USE; RED KNOTS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; CALIDRIS-CANUTUS; DECISION-MAKING; FIDELITY; BEHAVIOR; ENGLAND; WINTER AB 1. Roost-site selection in shorebirds is governed by ambient factors, including environmental conditions and human disturbance. Determination of the extent to which these factors affect roost use and the associated implications for shorebird habitat protection is important for conservation strategies and informed management of human recreational use of these habitats. Shorebird conservation as a whole is a high priority world-wide because a large proportion of shorebird species is in decline. However, little is understood about the consistency of roost use by different species, what conditions affect species-specific roost-site selection, and at what spatial and temporal scales conditions influence selection. 2. We studied high-tide roost-site selection by eight species of non-breeding shorebirds on a critically important stopover and wintering refuge. We calculated spatial and temporal variability in roost use for each species based on counts and consistency of incidence. We then examined roost-site selection in relation to structural, environmental and human disturbance factors, and how this varied across spatial and temporal scales. 3. Most roosts were used less than 50% of the time, although larger roosts were used more consistently. This varied among species, with red knot Calidris canutus tending to concentrate at a few roosts and American oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus, dowitcher Limnodromus griseus and Limnodromus scolopaceus and ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres more diffusely distributed among roosts. 4. At an annual scale, the principal factors affecting shorebird presence at roosts were roost length (size), local region, substrate and aspect. The extent and direction of these effects varied among species. Among years, red knots avoided roosts that had high average boat activity within 1000 m, but disturbance did not appear to be a factor for other species. 5. Daily roost use was influenced primarily by wind speed and the ability of roosts to provide shelter from the wind. Only dowitchers appeared to track daily disturbance, avoiding prospective roosts when boat activity within 100 m was high. 6. Synthesis and applications. Our findings emphasize the need to consider species-specific differences in temporal- and spatial-scale effects of roost-site selection factors, including human disturbance, when employing conservation measures for shorebirds. We suggest that conservation management should aim to provide a wide range of potential roosts (both natural and artificial) that could be used under different wind conditions and that are within reasonable travelling distance of preferred feeding areas. Roost use is often highly variable, and monitoring efforts must take this into account before making inferences about changes in use or selection of roost sites. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, USGS, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Iowa State Univ, Iowa Cooperat Fish &Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Peters, KA (reprint author), New Jersey Auduborn Cape Bird Observ, 600 Route 47 N, Cape May Court House, NJ 08210 USA. EM kim.peters@njaudubon.org NR 58 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 196 EP 209 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01248.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 119PG UT WOS:000243023600021 ER PT J AU Banakar, VK Hein, JR Rajan, RP Chodankar, AR AF Banakar, V. K. Hein, J. R. Rajan, R. P. Chodankar, A. R. TI Platinum group elements and gold in ferromanganese crusts from Afanasiy-Nikitin seamount, equatorial Indian Ocean: Sources and fractionation SO JOURNAL OF EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Indian Ocean; ferromanganese crusts; platinum group elements; source and fractionation ID CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; OSMIUM ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS; CENTRAL PACIFIC; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; MANGANESE NODULES; ACCRETION RATE; SEDIMENTS; IRIDIUM; RHENIUM; GEOCHEMISTRY AB The major element relationships in ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts from Afanasiy-Nikitin seamount (ANS), eastern equatorial Indian Ocean, appear to be atypical. High positive correlations (r = 0.99) between Mn/Co and Fe/Co ratios, and lack of correlation of those ratios with Co, Ce, and Ce/Co, indicate that the ANS Fe-Mn crusts are distinct from Pacific seamount Fe-Mn crusts, and reflect region-specific chemical characteristics. The platinum group elements (PGE: Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, and Pd) and Au in ANS Fe-Mn crusts are derived from seawater and are mainly of terrestrial origin, with a minor cosmogenic component. The Ru/Rh (0.5-2) and Pt/Ru ratios (7-28) are closely comparable to ratios in continental basalts, whereas Pd/Ir ratios exhibit values (< 2) similar to CI-chondrite (similar to 1). The chondrite-normalized PCE patterns are similar to those of igneous rocks, except that Pd is relatively depleted. The water depth of Fe-Mn crust formation appears to have a first-order control on both major element and PGE enrichments. These relationships are defined statistically by significant (r > 0.75) correlations between water depth and Mn/Co, Fe/Co, Ce/Co, Co, and the PGEs. Fractionation of the PGE-Au from seawater during colloidal precipitation of the major-oxide phases is indicated by well-defined linear positive correlations (r > 0.8) of Co and Ce with Ir, Ru, Rh, and Pt; Au/Co with Mn/Co; and by weak or no correlations of Pd with water depth, Co-normalized major-element ratios, and with the other PCE (r < 0.5). The strong enrichment of Pt (up to 1 ppm) relative to the other PGE and its positive correlations with Ce and Co demonstrate a common link for the high concentrations of all three elements, which likely involves an oxidation reaction on the Mn-oxide and Fe-oxyhydroxide surfaces. The documented fractionation of PGE-Au and their positive association with redox sensitive Co and Ce may have applications. in reconstructing past-ocean redox conditions and water masses. C1 Natl Inst Oceanog, Panaji 403004, Goa, India. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Banakar, VK (reprint author), Natl Inst Oceanog, Panaji 403004, Goa, India. EM banakar@nilo.org NR 50 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 17 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0253-4126 J9 J EARTH SYST SCI JI J. Earth Syst. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 116 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1007/s12040-007-0002-x PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 144BU UT WOS:000244771000001 ER PT J AU Moss, JH Beauchamp, DA AF Moss, J. H. Beauchamp, D. A. TI Functional response of juvenile pink and chum salmon: effects of consumer size and two types of zooplankton prey SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chum salmon; copepods; functional response; mysids; pink salmon ID KOKANEE ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; PLANKTIVOROUS FISH; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; FORAGING MODEL; GROWTH-RATE; BODY SIZE; PREDATION; MORTALITY; LAKE AB Feeding rate experiments were conducted for pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha fry [mean fork length (L-F) 39 mm], juveniles (103-104 mm L-F) and juvenile chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta (106-107 mm L-F). Fishes were presented with small copepod (Tisbi sp.) or larger mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia) prey at varying densities ranging from 1 to 235 prey l(-1) in feeding rate experiments conducted at water temperatures ranging from 10.5 to 12.0 degrees C under high light levels and low turbidity conditions. Juvenile pink and chum salmon demonstrated a type II functional response to mysid and copepod prey. Mysid prey was readily selected by both species whereas the smaller bodied copepod prey was not. When offered copepods, pink salmon fry fed at a higher maximum consumption rate (2.5 copepods min(-1)) than larger juvenile pink salmon (0.4 copepods min(-1)), whereas larger juvenile chum salmon exhibited the highest feeding rate (3.8 copepods min(-1)). When feeding on mysids, the maximum feeding rate for larger juvenile pink (12.3 mysids min(-1)) and chum (11.5 mysids min(-1)) salmon were similar in magnitude, and higher than feeding rates on copepods. Functional response models parameterized for specific sizes of juvenile salmon and zooplankton prey provide an important tool for linking feeding rates to ambient foraging conditions in marine environments, and can enable mechanistic predictions for how feeding and growth should respond to spatial-temporal variability in biological and physical conditions during early marine life stages. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Moss, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Hwy, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM jamal.moss@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 70 IS 2 BP 610 EP 622 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01340.x PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 132XR UT WOS:000243976700022 ER PT J AU Wiewel, AS Clark, WR Sovada, MA AF Wiewel, Andrew S. Clark, William R. Sovada, Marsha A. TI Assessing small mammal abundance with track-tube indices and mark-recapture population estimates SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE index; livetrapping; mark-recapture; meadow vole; Microtus pennsylvanicus; population estimate; track tube ID BASICS RIGHT; SWIFT FOX; MICROTUS; STATIONS; CAPTURE; FIELD; DIVERSITY; PREDATION; RODENTS; IMPACT AB We compared track-tube sampling with mark-recapture livetrapping and evaluated a track-tube index, defined as the number of track tubes with identifiable small mammal tracks during a 4-night period, as a predictor of small mammal abundance estimates in North Dakota grasslands. Meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) were the most commonly recorded species by both methods, but were underrepresented in track-tube sampling, whereas 13-lined ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) and Franklin's ground squirrels (S. franklinii) were overrepresented in track-tube sampling. Estimates of average species richness were lower from track tubes than from livetrapping. Regression models revealed that the track-tube index was at best a moderately good predictor of small mammal population estimates because both the form (linear versus curvilinear) and slope of the relationship varied between years. In addition, 95% prediction intervals indicated low precision when predicting population estimates from new track-tube index observations. Track tubes required less time and expense than mark-recapture and eliminated handling of small mammals. Using track tubes along with mark-recapture in a double sampling for regression framework would have potential value when attempting to estimate abundance of small mammals over large areas. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Clark, WR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM wrclark@iastate.edu NR 51 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 88 IS 1 BP 250 EP 260 DI 10.1644/06-MAMM-A-098R1.1 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 142BK UT WOS:000244623500029 ER PT J AU Hansen, SP Choudhury, A Cole, RA AF Hansen, Scott P. Choudhury, Anindo Cole, Rebecca A. TI Evidence of experimental postcyclic transmission of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in bonytail chub (Gila elegans) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASIAN FISH TAPEWORM; COLORADO RIVER; GRAND-CANYON; HUMPBACK CHUB; LIFE-HISTORY; SP CESTODA; ACANTHOCEPHALA; ARIZONA; PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA; PARASITES AB We examined the role that predation of infected conspecific fish and postcyclic transmission might play in the life cycle of the Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) Yamaguti, 1934. Young-of-the-year (YOY) bonytail chub (Gila elegans) were exposed to copepods infected with B. acheilognathi and subsequently fed to subadult bonytail chub. Within 1 wk after consumption of the YOY chub, subadults were necropsied and found infected with gravid and nongravid tapeworms. This study provides evidence that postcyclic transfer of B. acheilognathi can occur. Postcyclic transmission may be an important life history trait of B. acheilognathi that merits consideration when studying the impact and distribution of this invasive and potentially pathogenic tapeworm. C1 St Norbert Coll, Div Nat Sci, De Pere, WI 54115 USA. RP Cole, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM rebecca_cole@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 93 IS 1 BP 202 EP 204 DI 10.1645/GE-686R.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 150MR UT WOS:000245221400033 PM 17436966 ER PT J AU Holmgren, CA Norris, J Betancourt, JL AF Holmgren, Camille A. Norris, Jodi Betancourt, Julio L. TI Inferences about winter temperatures and summer rains from the late Quaternary record of C-4 perennial grasses and C-3 desert shrubs in the northern Chihuahuan Desert SO JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Chihuahuan Desert; bioclimatic envelopes; Pleistocene; Holocene; North American monsoon ID CENTRAL NEW-MEXICO; PALEOCLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE; SONORAN DESERT; EL-NINO; HOLOCENE VEGETATION; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; STABLE CARBON; CLIMATE; ARIZONA; MOUNTAINS AB Late Quaternary histories of two North American desert biomes-C-4 grasslands and C-3 shrublands-are poorly known despite their sensitivity and potential value in reconstructing summer rains and winter temperatures. Plant macrofossil assemblages from packrat midden series in the northern Chihuahuan Desert show that C-4 grasses and annuals typical of desert grassland persisted near their present northern limits throughout the last glacial-interglacial cycle. By contrast, key C-3 desert shrubs appeared somewhat abruptly after 5000 cal. yr BP. Bioclimatic envelopes for select C-4 and C-3 species are mapped to interpret the glacial-interglacial persistence of desert grassland and the mid-to-late Holocene expansion of desert shrublands. The envelopes suggest relatively warm Pleistocene temperatures with moist summers allowed for persistence of C-4 grasses, whereas winters were probably too cold (or too wet) for C-3 desert shrubs. Contrary to climate model results, core processes associated with the North American Monsoon and moisture transport to the northern Chihuahuan Desert remained intact throughout the last glacial-interglacial cycle. Mid-latitude effects, however, truncated midsummer (July-August) moisture transport north of 35 degrees N. The sudden expansion of desert shrublands after 5000 cal. yr BP may be a threshold response to warmer winters associated with increasing boreal winter insolation, and enhanced El Nino-Southern Oscillation variability. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Geog, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Holmgren, CA (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Geog, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM cholmgre@csulb.edu NR 76 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0267-8179 J9 J QUATERNARY SCI JI J. Quat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 141 EP 161 DI 10.1002/jqs.1023 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 143NM UT WOS:000244729100004 ER PT J AU Freeman, MC Pringle, CM Jackson, CR AF Freeman, Mary C. Pringle, Catherine M. Jackson, C. Rhett TI Hydrologic connectivity and the contribution of stream headwaters to ecological integrity at regional scales SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE aquatic ecology; rivers/streams; environmental impacts; hydrologic connectivity; biodiversity; ecosystem function ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; COASTAL WATERS; TILE DRAINAGE; FOOD WEBS; RIVER; MANAGEMENT; HYPOXIA; SILICATE; NITROGEN; METAPOPULATION AB Cumulatively, headwater streams contribute to maintaining hydrologic connectivity and ecosystem integrity at regional scales. Hydrologic connectivity is the water-mediated transport of matter, energy and organisms within or between elements of the hydrologic cycle. Headwater streams compose over two-thirds of total stream length in a typical river drainage and directly connect the upland and riparian landscape to the rest of the stream ecosystem. Altering headwater streams, e.g., by channelization, diversion through pipes, impoundment and burial, modifies fluxes between uplands and downstream river segments and eliminates distinctive habitats. The large-scale ecological effects of altering headwaters are amplified by land uses that alter runoff and nutrient loads to streams, and by widespread dam construction on larger rivers (which frequently leaves free-flowing upstream portions of river systems essential to sustaining aquatic biodiversity). We discuss three examples of large-scale consequences of cumulative headwater alteration. Downstream eutrophication and coastal hypoxia result, in part, from agricultural practices that alter headwaters and wetlands while increasing nutrient runoff. Extensive headwater alteration is also expected to lower secondary productivity of river systems by reducing stream-system length and trophic subsidies to downstream river segments, affecting aquatic communities and terrestrial wildlife that utilize aquatic resources. Reduced viability of freshwater biota may occur with cumulative headwater alteration, including for species that occupy a range of stream sizes but for which headwater streams diversify the network of interconnected populations or enhance survival for particular life stages. Developing a more predictive understanding of ecological patterns that may emerge on regional scales as a result of headwater alterations will require studies focused on components and pathways that connect headwaters to river, coastal and terrestrial ecosystems. Linkages between headwaters and downstream ecosystems cannot be discounted when addressing large-scale issues such as hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico and global losses of biodiversity. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Freeman, MC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mary_freeman@usgs.gov RI Pringle, Catherine/I-1841-2012 NR 87 TC 150 Z9 153 U1 16 U2 130 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 5 EP 14 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00002.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 139KE UT WOS:000244429900002 ER PT J AU Winter, TC AF Winter, Thomas C. TI Role of ground water in generating streamflow in headwater areas and in maintaining base flow SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE streamflow characteristics; ground-water and surface-water interactions; riparian zones AB The volume and sustainability of streamflow from headwaters to downstream reaches commonly depend on contributions from ground water. Streams that begin in extensive aquifers generally have a stable point of origin and substantial discharge in their headwaters. In contrast, streams that begin as discharge from rocks or sediments having low permeability have a point of origin that moves up and down the channel seasonally, have small incipient discharge, and commonly go dry. Nearly all streams need to have some contribution from ground water in order to provide reliable habitat for aquatic organisms. Natural processes and human activities can have a substantial effect on the flow of streams between their headwaters and downstream reaches. Streams lose water to ground water when and where their head is higher than the contiguous water table. Although very common in and regions, loss of stream water to ground water also is relatively common in humid regions. Evaporation, as well as transpiration from riparian vegetation, causing ground-water levels to decline also can cause loss of stream water. Human withdrawal of ground water commonly causes streamflow to decline, and in some regions has caused streams to cease flowing. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Winter, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, USGS Mail Stop 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM tcwinter@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00003.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 139KE UT WOS:000244429900003 ER PT J AU Izbicki, JA AF Izbicki, John A. TI Physical and temporal isolation of mountain headwater streams in the western Mojave Desert, southern California SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE hydrologic cycle; infiltration; recharge; vadose zone; surface water/ground-water interactions; arid lands ID USA; MOVEMENT; WATER AB Streams draining mountain headwater areas of the western Mojave Desert are commonly physically isolated from downstream hydrologic systems such as springs, playa lakes, wetlands, or larger streams and rivers by stream reaches that are dry much of the time. The physical isolation of surface flow in these streams may be broken for brief periods after rainfall or snowmelt when runoff is sufficient to allow flow along the entire stream reach. Despite the physical isolation of surface flow in these streams, they are an integral part of the hydrologic cycle. Water infiltrated from headwater streams moves through the unsaturated zone to recharge the underlying ground-water system and eventually discharges to support springs, streamflow, isolated wetlands, or native vegetation. Water movement through thick unsaturated zones may require several hundred years and subsequent movement through the underlying ground-water systems may require many thousands of years contributing to the temporal isolation of mountain headwater streams. C1 US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA USA. RP Izbicki, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4164 Spruance Rd, San Diego, CA USA. EM jaizbick@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 26 EP 40 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00004.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 139KE UT WOS:000244429900004 ER PT J AU Alexander, RB Boyer, EW Smith, RA Schwarz, GE Moore, RB AF Alexander, Richard B. Boyer, Elizabeth W. Smith, Richard A. Schwarz, Gregory E. Moore, Richard B. TI The role of headwater streams in downstream water quality SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE rivers/streams; nitrogen; transport and fate; streamflow; headwaters; SWANCC; Rapanos ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NITROGEN EXPORT; SURFACE WATERS; NITRATE FLUX; DENITRIFICATION; TERRESTRIAL; TRANSPORT; RATES AB Knowledge of headwater influences on the water-quality and flow conditions of downstream waters is essential to water-resource management at all governmental levels; this includes recent court decisions on the jurisdiction of the Federal Clean Water Act (CWA) over upland areas that contribute to larger downstream water bodies. We review current watershed research and use a water-quality model to investigate headwater influences on downstream receiving waters. Our evaluations demonstrate the intrinsic connections of headwaters to landscape processes and downstream waters through their influence on the supply, transport, and fate of water and solutes in watersheds. Hydrological processes in headwater catchments control the recharge of subsurface water stores, flow paths, and residence times of water throughout landscapes. The dynamic coupling of hydrological and biogeochemical. processes in upland streams further controls the chemical form, timing, and longitudinal distances of solute transport to downstream waters. We apply the spatially explicit, mass-balance watershed model SPARROW to consider transport and transformations of water and nutrients throughout stream networks in the northeastern United States. We simulate fluxes of nitrogen, a primary nutrient that is a water-quality concern for acidification of streams and lakes and eutrophication of coastal waters, and refine the model structure to include literature observations of nitrogen removal in streams and lakes. We quantify nitrogen transport from headwaters to downstream navigable waters, where headwaters are defined within the model as first-order, perennial streams that include flow and nitrogen contributions from smaller, intermittent and ephemeral streams. We find that first-order headwaters contribute approximately 70% of the mean-annual water volume and 65% of the nitrogen flux in second-order streams. Their contributions to mean water volume and nitrogen flux decline only marginally to about 55% and 40% in fourth- and higher-order rivers that include navigable waters and their tributaries. These results underscore the profound influence that headwater areas have on shaping downstream water quantity and water quality. The results have relevance to water-resource management and regulatory decisions and potentially broaden understanding of the spatial extent of Federal CWA jurisdiction in U.S. waters. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Nre Hampshire State Sci Ctr, Pembroke, NH USA. RP Alexander, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, 413 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ralex@usgs.gov RI Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013 NR 76 TC 176 Z9 188 U1 12 U2 147 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 41 EP 59 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00005.x PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 139KE UT WOS:000244429900005 PM 22457565 ER PT J AU Triska, FJ Duff, JH Sheibley, RW Jackman, AP Avanzino, RJ AF Triska, Frank J. Duff, John H. Sheibley, Richard W. Jackman, Alan P. Avanzino, Ronald J. TI DIN retention-transport through four hydrologically connected zones in a headwater catchment of the Upper Mississippi River SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE denitrification; headwaters; organic carbon; nitrate; retention-transport; Upper Mississippi River ID SEDIMENT PERFUSION CORES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; RIPARIAN ZONE; NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS; NITRATE CONCENTRATION; SHINGOBEE RIVER; BUFFER STRIPS; WATER-QUALITY; DENITRIFICATION; STREAM AB Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) retention-transport through a headwater catchment was synthesized from studies encompassing four distinct hydrologic zones of the Shingobee River Headwaters near the origin of the Mississippi River. The hydrologic zones included: (1) hillslope ground water (ridge to bankside riparian); (2) alluvial riparian ground water; (3) ground water discharged through subchannel sediments (hyporheic zone); and (4) channel surface water. During subsurface hillslope transport through Zone 1, DIN, primarily nitrate, decreased from similar to 3 mg-N/l to < 0.1 mg-N/l. Ambient seasonal nitrate:chloride ratios in hillslope flow paths indicated both dilution and biotic processing caused nitrate loss. Biologically available organic carbon controlled biotic nitrate retention during hillslope transport. In the alluvial riparian zone (Zone 2) biologically available organic carbon controlled nitrate depletion although processing of both ambient and amended nitrate was faster during the summer than winter. In the hyporheic zone (Zone 3) and stream surface water (Zone 4) DIN retention was primarily controlled by temperature. Perfusion core studies using hyporheic sediment indicated sufficient organic carbon in bed sediments to retain ground water DIN via coupled nitrification-denitrification. Numerical simulations of seasonal hyporheic sediment nitrification-denitrification rates from perfusion cores adequately predicted surface water ammonium but not nitrate when compared to 5 years of monthly field data (1989-93). Mass balance studies in stream surface water indicated proportionally higher summer than winter N retention. Watershed DIN retention was effective during summer under the current land use of intermittently grazed pasture. However, more intensive land use such as row crop agriculture would decrease nitrate retention efficiency and increase loads to surface water. Understanding DIN retention capacity throughout the system, including special channel features such as sloughs, wetlands and floodplains that provide surface water-ground water connectivity, will be required to develop effective nitrate management strategies. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Triska, FJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fjtriska@usgs.gov OI Sheibley, Richard/0000-0003-1627-8536 NR 55 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 60 EP 71 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00006.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 139KE UT WOS:000244429900006 ER PT J AU Wipfli, MS Richardson, JS Naiman, RJ AF Wipfli, Mark S. Richardson, John S. Naiman, Robert J. TI Ecological linkages between headwaters and downstream ecosystems: Transport of organic matter, invertebrates, and wood down headwater channels SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review DE ecosystem services; headwater streams; organic matter; invertebrates; wood; subsidy; transport ID SOUTHWESTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI; BOREAL FOREST WATERSHEDS; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; OREGON COAST RANGE; ALDER ALNUS-RUBRA; TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; RED ALDER AB Headwater streams make up a large proportion of the total length and watershed area of fluvial networks, and are partially characterized by the large volume of organic matter (large wood, detritus, and dissolved organic matter) and invertebrate inputs from the riparian forest, relative to stream size. Much of those inputs are exported to downstream reaches through time where they potentially subsidize river communities. The relative rates, timing, and conversion processes that carry inputs from small streams to downstream reaches are reasonably well quantified. For example, larger particles are converted to smaller particles, which are more easily exported. Also, dissolved organic matter and surface biofilms are converted to larger particles which can be more easily intercepted by consumers. However, the quality of these materials as it affects biological activity downstream is not well known, nor is the extent to which timing permits biological use of those particles. These ecological unknowns need to be resolved. Further, land uses may disrupt and diminish material transport to downstream reaches by removing sources (e.g., forest harvest), by affecting transport and decomposition processes (e.g., flow regulation, irrigation, changes in biotic communities), and by altering mechanisms of storage within headwaters (e.g., channelization). We present conceptual models of energy and nutrient fluxes that outline small stream processes and pathways important to downstream communities, and we identify informational gaps that, if filled, could significantly advance the understanding of linkages between headwater streams and larger rivers. The models, based on empirical evidence and best professional judgment, suggest that navigable waters are significantly influenced by headwater streams through hydrological and ecological connectivities, and land use can dramatically influence these natural connectivities, impacting downstream riverine ecosystems. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, USGS Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wipfli, MS (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, USGS Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM mark.wipfli@uaf.edu RI Richardson, John/G-1513-2012; Naiman, Robert /K-3113-2012 OI Richardson, John/0000-0001-8135-7447; NR 102 TC 127 Z9 131 U1 10 U2 88 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 72 EP 85 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00007.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 139KE UT WOS:000244429900007 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Betancourt, JL Hidalgo, HG AF McCabe, Gregory J. Betancourt, Julio L. Hidalgo, Hugo G. TI Associations of decadal to multidecadal sea-surface temperature variability with Upper Colorado River flow SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Colorado River; Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation; decadal variability ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SEVERE SUSTAINED DROUGHT; ENSO TELECONNECTIONS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; WATER-RESOURCES; ATLANTIC; OCEAN; PACIFIC; RECONSTRUCTIONS; PREDICTABILITY AB The relations of decadal to multidecadal (D2M) variability in global sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) with D2M variability in the flow of the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) are examined for the years 1906-2003. Results indicate that D2M variability of SSTs in the North Atlantic, North Pacific, tropical Pacific, and Indian Oceans is associated with D2M variability of the UCRB. A principal components analysis (with varimax rotation) of detrended and 11-year smoothed global SSTs indicates that the two leading rotated principal components (RPCs) explain 56% of the variability in the transformed SST data. The first RPC (RPC1) strongly reflects variability associated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the second RPC (RPC2) represents variability of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the tropical Pacific Ocean, and Indian Ocean SSTs. Results indicate that SSTs in the North Atlantic Ocean (RPC1) explain as much of the D2M variability in global SSTs as does the combination of Indian and Pacific Ocean variability (RPC2). These results suggest that SSTs in all of the oceans have some relation with flow of the UCRB, but the North Atlantic may have the strongest and most consistent association on D2M time scales. Hydroclimatic persistence on these time scales introduces significant nonstationarity in mean annual streamflow, with critical implications for UCRB water resource management. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gmccabe@usgs.gov OI Hidalgo, Hugo/0000-0003-4638-0742 NR 46 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 183 EP 192 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00015.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 139KE UT WOS:000244429900015 ER PT J AU Gebert, WA Radloff, MJ Considine, EJ Kennedy, JL AF Gebert, Warren A. Radloff, Mandy J. Considine, Ellen J. Kennedy, James L. TI Use of streamflow data to estimate base flow/ground-water recharge for Wisconsin SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE discharge; ground-water flow; infiltration; recharge; runoff; surface-water/ground-water interactions ID COON CREEK BASIN; DRIFTLESS AREA AB The average annual base flow/recharge was determined for streamflow-gaging stations throughout Wisconsin by base-flow separation. A map of the State was prepared that shows the average annual base flow for the period 1970-99 for watersheds at 118 gaging stations. Trend analysis was performed on 22 of the 118 streamflow-gaging stations that had long-term records, unregulated flow, and provided aerial coverage of the State. The analysis found that a statistically significant increasing trend was occurring for watersheds where the primary land use was agriculture. Most gaging stations where the land cover was forest had no significant trend. A method to estimate the average annual base flow at ungaged sites was developed by multiple-regression analysis using basin characteristics. The equation with the lowest standard error of estimate, 9.5%, has drainage area, soil infiltration and base flow factor as independent variables. To determine the average annual base flow for smaller watersheds, estimates were made at low-flow partial-record stations in 3 of the 12 major river basins in Wisconsin. Regression equations were developed for each of the three major river basins using basin characteristics. Drainage area, soil infiltration, basin storage and base-flow factor were the independent variables in the regression equations with the lowest standard error of estimate. The standard error of estimate ranged from 17% to 52% for the three river basins. C1 US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Nat Resource Technol, Pewaukee, WI 53702 USA. Barr Engn Co, Minneapolis, MN 55435 USA. RP Gebert, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM wagebert@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 220 EP 236 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00018.x PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 139KE UT WOS:000244429900018 ER PT J AU Hubbard, BE Sheridan, MF Carrasco-Nunez, G Diaz-Castellon, R Rodriguez, SR AF Hubbard, Bernard E. Sheridan, Michael F. Carrasco-Nunez, Gerardo Diaz-Castellon, Rodolfo Raul Rodriguez, Sergio TI Comparative lahar hazard mapping at volcan Citlaltepetl, Mexico using SRTM, ASTER and DTED-1 digital topographic data SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SRTM; ASTER; DTED-1; LAHARZ flow model; debris avalanches; lahars; volcan Citlaltepetl; hazard zones ID PICO-DE-ORIZABA; SHUTTLE RADAR; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; ELEVATION MODELS; EASTERN MEXICO; FLOW MODEL; MISSION; ICE; VALIDATION; HEIGHT AB In this study, we evaluated and compared the utility of spaceborne SRTM and ASTER DEMs with baseline DTED-l "bald-earth" topography for mapping lahar inundation hazards from volcan Citlaltepetl, Mexico, a volcano which has had a history of producing debris flows of various extents. In particular, we tested the utility of these topographic datasets for resolving ancient valley-filling deposits exposed around the flanks of the volcano, for determining their magnitude using paleohydrologic methods and for forecasting their inundation limits in the future. We also use the three datasets as inputs to a GIS stream inundation flow model, LAHARZ, and compare the results. In general all three datasets, with spatial resolution of 90 m or better, were capable of resolving debris flow and lahar deposits at least 3 x 10(6) m(3) in volume or larger. Canopy- and slope-related height errors in the ASTER and SRTM DEMs limit their utility for measuring valley-filling cross-sectional area and deriving flow magnitude for the smallest deposits using a cross-sectional area to volume scaling equation. Height errors in the ASTER and SRTN4 DEMs also causes problems in resolving stream valley hydrography which controls lahar flow paths and stream valley morphology which controls lahar filling capacity. However, both of the two spaceborne DEM datasets are better than DTED-l at resolving fine details in stream hydrography and erosional morphologies of volcaniclastics preserved in the valleys around the more humid, eastern flanks of the volcanic range. The results of LAHARZ flow inundation modeling using all three DEMs as inputs are remarkably similar and co-validate one another. For example, at Citlaltepetl all lahar simulations show that the city of Orizaba is the most vulnerable to flows similar in magnitude to, or larger than, one that occurred in 1920. Many of the other cities and towns illustrated are built higher up on terrace deposits of older debris flows, and are safe from all but the largest flows, which occur less frequently. Finally, ASTERs 60 km swath width and 8% duty cycle presents a challenge for mapping lahar inundation hazards at E-W oriented stream valleys in low-latitude areas with persistent cloud cover. However, its continued operations enhances its utility as a means for updating the continuous but one-time coverage of SRTM, and for filling voids in the SRTM dataset such as those that occur along steep-sided valleys prone to hazards from future lahars. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Juriquilla 76230, Queretaro, Mexico. Inst Geol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Ciencias Tierra, Xalapa 91090, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Hubbard, BE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM bhubbard@usgs.gov NR 63 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 160 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.09.005 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 136IF UT WOS:000244215100006 ER PT J AU Bedrosian, PA Unsworth, MJ Johnston, MJS AF Bedrosian, Paul A. Unsworth, Marlyn J. Johnston, Malcolm J. S. TI Hydrothermal circulation at Mount St. Helens determined by self-potential measurements SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE self-potential; fluid flow; Mount St. Helens; hydrothermal circulation ID FLUID CIRCULATION; STROMBOLI VOLCANO; MISTI-VOLCANO; WASHINGTON; ERUPTION; USA; EMISSIONS; WATERS; ISLAND; JAPAN AB The distribution of hydrothermal circulation within active volcanoes is of importance in identifying regions of hydrothermal alteration which may in turn control explosivity, slope stability and sector collapse. Self-potential measurements, indicative of fluid circulation, were made within the crater of Mount St. Helens in 2000 and 2001. A strong dipolar anomaly in the self-potential field was detected on the north face of the 1980-86 lava dome. This anomaly reaches a value of negative one volt on the lower flanks of the dome and reverses sign toward the dome summit. The anomaly pattern is believed to result from a combination of thermoelectric, electrokinetic, and fluid disruption effects within and surrounding the dome. Heat supplied from a cooling dacite magma very likely drives a shallow hydrothermal convection cell within the dome. The temporal stability of the SP field, low surface recharge rate, and magmatic component to fumarole condensates and thermal waters suggest the hydrothermal system is maintained by water vapor exsolved from the magma and modulated on short time scales by surface recharge. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bedrosian, PA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM pbedrosian@usgs.gov; unsworth@Phys.UAlberta.CA; mal@usgs.gov RI Unsworth, Martyn/A-6395-2012 NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 160 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.09.003 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 136IF UT WOS:000244215100008 ER PT J AU Homyack, JA Harrison, DJ Krohn, WB AF Homyack, Jessica A. Harrison, Daniel J. Krohn, William B. TI Effects of precommercial thinning on snowshoe hares in Maine SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canada lynx; density; forest management; herbicide; Lepus americanus; Lynx canadensis; Maine; pellet survey; precommercial thinning; snowshoe hare; stand development ID LODGEPOLE PINE FOREST; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NORTHERN MAINE; CANADA LYNX; HABITAT USE; HERBICIDE TREATMENTS; LEPUS-AMERICANUS; MANAGED FORESTS; PELLET PLOTS; BALSAM FIR AB Snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) are an important prey species and a dominant herbivore across much of their North American range, and researchers have questioned the influences of forestry practices that alter habitat for hares and the potential community-level effects on carnivores. We examined the effects of precommercial thinning (PCT) from 1 to 11 years posttreatment on snowshoe hares. In the commercial forests of northern Maine, USA, we counted and cleared hare pellets twice a year during 2001 and 2002 on > 46 km of pellet transects across 30 regenerating conifer stands (17 treated with PCT) previously treated with an aerial application of herbicide. We compared densities of snowshoe hare pellets among 3 development classes with (1 yr after thinning, 6 yr after thinning, and 11 yr after thinning) and without thinning (stands with a similar history of clearcut and herbicide treatment but no thinning). During both years, densities of hares were lower in stands treated with PCT than in similar unthinned stands across the 3 development classes and during both leaf-off and leaf-on seasons (P < 0.001). Within both thinned and unthinned stands, hare density was greatest in stands in the 1-year development class when compared to the 6-year and 11-year development classes, but a statistical difference (P = 0.048) among classes was evident only during leaf-off seasons. Precommercial thinning was associated with densities of snowshoe hares that were approximately half of those in similar unthinned stands up to at least 11 years posttreatment; however, thinned stands may retain densities of hares greater than stands managed using other forest harvesting regimes. Our results apply to core portions of stands with crop trees spaced at 1.8-2.4-m intervals following complete overstory removal and herbicide treatment. We advocate caution when applying our results to other thinning regimes or across broader spatial scales. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Homyack, JA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jhomyack@vt.edu NR 55 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 21 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 4 EP 13 DI 10.2193/2005-481 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 156RM UT WOS:000245666800001 ER PT J AU Matsuoka, SM Handel, CM AF Matsuoka, Steven M. Handel, Colleen M. TI Nesting ecology of boreal forest birds following a massive outbreak of spruce beetles SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE dark-eyed junco; Dendroctonus rufipennis; Dendroica coronata; habitat selection; Junco hyemalis; natural disturbance; nesting success; snags; spruce beetle; yellow-rumped warbler ID ARTIFICIAL SONGBIRD NESTS; AMERICAN RED SQUIRRELS; COPPER RIVER-BASIN; KENAI PENINSULA; WHITE SPRUCE; TAMIASCIURUS-HUDSONICUS; NATURAL DISTURBANCE; REGRESSION-MODELS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; HABITAT QUALITY AB We studied breeding dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis), yellow-rumped warblers (Dendroica coronata), and spruce-nesting birds from 1997 to 1998 among forests with different levels of spruce (Picea spp.) mortality following an outbreak of spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis) in Alaska, USA. We identified species using live and beetle-killed spruce for nest sites and monitored nests to determine how the outbreak influenced avian habitat selection and reproduction. We tested predictions that 1) nesting success of ground-nesting juncos would increase with spruce mortality due to proliferation of understory vegetation available to conceal nests from predators, 2) nesting success of canopy-nesting warblers would decrease with spruce mortality due to fewer live spruce in which to conceal nests, and 3) both species would alter nest-site selection in response to disturbance. Juncos did not benefit from changes in understory vegetation; nesting success in highly disturbed stands (46%) was comparable to that in undisturbed habitats throughout their range. In stands with low spruce mortality, nesting success of juncos was low (5%) and corresponded with high densities of red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). Yellow-rumped warblers nested exclusively in spruce, but success did not vary with spruce mortality. As disturbance increased, nesting warblers switched from selecting forest patches with high densities of live white spruce (Picea glauca) to patches with beetle-killed spruce. Warblers also placed nests in large-diameter live or beetle-killed spruce, depending on which was more abundant in the stand, with no differences in nesting success. Five of the 12 other species of spruce-nesting birds also used beetle-killed spruce as nest sites. Because beetle-killed spruce can remain standing for > 50 years, even highly disturbed stands provide an important breeding resource for boreal forest birds. We recommend that boreal forest managers preserve uncut blocks of infested forest within managed forest landscapes and practice partial harvest of beetle-killed spruce rather than commercial clear-cutting of infested stands in order to sustain breeding bird populations until natural reforestation occurs. Because breeding densities do not always reflect fitness, assessing impacts of a massive natural disturbance should include measuring impacts of changes in vegetation on both reproductive success and predator-prey dynamics. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Matsuoka, SM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, 1011 E Tudor Rd,Mail Stop 201, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM steve_matsuoka@fws.gov OI Handel, Colleen/0000-0002-0267-7408 NR 97 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 51 EP 63 DI 10.2193/2005-460 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 156RM UT WOS:000245666800007 ER PT J AU Mannan, RW Mannan, RN Schmidt, CA Estes-Zumpf, WA Boal, CW AF Mannan, R. William Mannan, R. Nicholas Schmidt, Cecilia A. Estes-Zumpf, Wendy A. Boal, Clint W. TI Influence of natal experience on nest-site selection by urban-nesting Cooper's hawks SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Accipiter cooperii; Cooper's hawks; habitat imprinting; natal experience; natal habitat preference induction; nest-site selection; urban environments ID ENVIRONMENT AB Exposure to environmental features early in life potentially can influence the kinds of places animals select to live later in life. We examined whether there is evidence that Cooper's hawks (Accipiter cooperii) hatched in an urban environment choose sites with features similar to their natal areas when they nest for the first time. The features we examined were the nest tree species and the level of development surrounding the nest tree. We banded nestling and fledgling Cooper's hawks in Tucson, Arizona, USA, from 1994 to 2004. We then monitored nests in Tucson to identify hawks that had been hatched in the city and eventually secured a breeding site. Percent cover of buildings around first breeding nests was not related to percent cover of buildings around natal nests for either sex. There was some evidence that being hatched in a particular tree species influenced choice of tree species at first breeding sites for males, but the influence was weak. In contrast, tree species in which first-time breeders built their nests, and the sites where the trees were located relative to development, were proportional to what was available in the Tucson metropolitan area. Our data suggest that natal experience played a limited role in nest-site selection by Cooper's hawks in Tucson for the features we examined. If learning occurred, it could have been for the general structure of natal sites. Thus, any small grove of large trees planted in Tucson could be used as a nest site by Cooper's hawks regardless of the level of development surrounding the nest. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Mannan, RW (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mannan@ag.arizona.edu RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 64 EP 68 DI 10.2193/2005-654 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 156RM UT WOS:000245666800008 ER PT J AU Corcoran, RM Lovvorn, JR Bertram, MR Vivion, MT AF Corcoran, Robin M. Lovvorn, James R. Bertram, Mark R. Vivion, Michael T. TI Lesser scaup nest success and duckling survival on the Yukon Flats, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Aythya affinis; boreal forest; duckling survival; lesser scaup; nest survival; Yukon Flats ID AYTHYA-AFFINIS; BOREAL FOREST; HABITAT USE; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; HATCHING DATE; EGG SIZE; DUCKS; SASKATCHEWAN; POPULATIONS; HYPOTHESES AB Over the last 20 years scaup numbers have declined, and these declines have been greatest in the northern boreal forests of Canada and Alaska where most lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) nest. We studied nest success and duckling survival of lesser scaup over 3 field seasons, 2001-2003, on the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge in northeastern Alaska, USA. Daily survival rate (DSR) of nests on our study area across all 3 years was 0.943 (n = 177 nests, 95% CI: 0.930-0.954), corresponding to a nest success of only 12.3%, considerably lower than published estimates of an average nest success as high as 57% for lesser scaup in the northern boreal forest. With Mayfield logistic regression, we investigated effects on nest survival of year, clutch initiation date, and nesting habitat type (large wetlands > 10 ha, small wetlands < 10 ha, and wooded creeks). Neither year nor clutch initiation date influenced nest survival; however, the odds of nest success on large wetlands was 49% lower than on wooded creeks (odds ratio = 0.512, 95% CI = 0.286, 0.918). Based on the model that used only habitat type for estimation, DSR on large wetlands was 0.931 (corresponding nest success = 7.6%), DSR on small wetlands was 0.941 (nest success = 11.1%), and DSR on wooded creeks was 0.963 (nest success = 26.2%). To estimate duckling survival, we monitored 10 broods (n = 75 ducklings) over 3 field seasons by radiotagging hens at nest hatch. Most duckling mortality (94%) occurred in the first 10 days after hatch. Average duckling survival during 1-10 days was 0.321 (95% CI: 0.122-0.772), during 11-20 days was 0.996 (95% CI: 0.891-1.040), and during 21-30 days was 0.923 (95% CI: 0.769-1.041). Three of 10 hens moved all or part of their broods overland between nesting and brood-rearing wetlands for distances of 0.3-1.6 km. Our estimates of lesser scaup nest success and duckling survival on the Yukon Flats were among the lowest ever reported for ducks nesting at northern latitudes, even though the study site was in pristine boreal forest. Estimating and comparing scaup demographic rates from different geographic areas can contribute to improved conservation. Given the scarcity of information on scaup nesting in the boreal forest, basic nesting parameters are important to those trying to model scaup population dynamics. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Flats Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Corcoran, RM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Innoko Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 69, McGrath, AK 99627 USA. EM robin_corcoran@fws.gov NR 64 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.2193/2005-534 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 156RM UT WOS:000245666800016 ER PT J AU Faulhaber, CA Perry, ND Silvy, NJ Lopez, RR Frank, PA Hughes, PT Peterson, MJ AF Faulhaber, Craig A. Perry, Neil D. Silvy, Nova J. Lopez, Roel R. Frank, Philip A. Hughes, Phillip T. Peterson, Markus J. TI Updated distribution of the Lower Keys marsh rabbit SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biogeography; distribution; Florida Keys; habitat; lagomorph; Lower Keys marsh rabbit; metapopulation; Sylvilagus palustris hefneri ID METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; MANAGEMENT; HABITAT C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Forida Keys Woldlife Refuges, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, S Florida Ecol Serv Off, Vero Beach, FL 32960 USA. RP Faulhaber, CA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Woldland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM mpeterson@tamu.edu RI Peterson, Markus/C-3303-2008 OI Peterson, Markus/0000-0001-6145-0134 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 208 EP 212 DI 10.2193/2005-651 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 156RM UT WOS:000245666800026 ER PT J AU Moon, JA Haukos, DA Smith, LM AF Moon, Jena A. Haukos, David A. Smith, Loren M. TI Declining body condition of northern pintails wintering in the Playa Lakes Region SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas acuta; body condition; body fat; northern pintail; Playa Lakes Region ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; SPRING MIGRATION; MALLARDS; POPULATION; VULNERABILITY; RECRUITMENT; WETLANDS; HARVEST AB Overwinter body condition (e.g., fat) provides an index to the health of northern pintail (Anas acuta) populations and may be a factor in the decline of the continental pintail population that has been previously overlooked or understated. We compared body condition between 1984-1985 and 2002-2003, and found that body condition of pintails arriving during early winter in the Playa Lakes Region (PLR) of Texas, USA, has declined by an average of 32%. Body fat levels declined at varying levels with juvenile males showing the largest decline of 41%, followed by adult females with 39%, juvenile females with 30%, and adult males with an overall 18% decline. Declines are likely related to declines in migration and wintering habitat quantity and quality within the PLR and potentially across the Central Flyway. We recommend further acquisition and management of playas to ensure that these valuable habitats remain available to provide critical habitats for migrating and wintering pintails and other waterfowl in the Central Flyway. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Inst, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Moon, JA (reprint author), Lower Rio Grande Natl Wildlife Refuge, Route 2 Box 202A, Alamo, TX 78516 USA. EM jena_moon@hotmail.com NR 40 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 218 EP 221 DI 10.2193/2005-596 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 156RM UT WOS:000245666800028 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, C Conway, CJ Hughes, KM Devos, JC AF Kirkpatrick, Chris Conway, Courtney J. Hughes, Katie M. Devos, James C., Jr. TI Probability of detecting band-tailed pigeons during call-broadcast versus auditory surveys SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arizona; band-tailed pigeon; call-broadcast; Columbidae; detection probability; Patagioenas fasciata; survey methodology AB Estimates of population trend for the interior subspecies of band-tailed pigeon (Patagioenas fasciata fasciata) are not available because no standardized survey method exists for monitoring the interior subspecies. We evaluated 2 potential band-tailed pigeon survey methods (auditory and call-broadcast surveys) from 2002 to 2004 in 5 mountain ranges in southern Arizona, USA, and in mixed-conifer forest throughout the state. Both auditory and call-broadcast surveys produced low numbers of cooing pigeons detected per survey route (x <= 0.67) and had relatively high temporal variance in average number of cooing pigeons detected during replicate surveys (CV >= 161%). However, compared to auditory surveys, use of call-broadcast increased 1) the percentage of replicate surveys on which >= 1 cooing pigeon was detected by an average of 16%, and 2) the number of cooing pigeons detected per survey route by an average of 29%, with this difference being greatest during the first 45 minutes of the morning survey period. Moreover, probability of detecting a cooing pigeon was 27% greater during call-broadcast (0.80) versus auditory (0.63) surveys. We found that cooing pigeons were most common in mixed-conifer forest in southern Arizona and density of male pigeons in mixed-conifer forest throughout the state averaged 0.004 (SE = 0.001) pigeons/ha. Our results are the first to show that call-broadcast increases the probability of detecting band-tailed pigeons (or any species of Columbidae) during surveys. Call-broadcast surveys may provide a useful method for monitoring populations of the interior subspecies of band-tailed pigeon in areas where other survey methods are inappropriate. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Res Branch, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, C (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM kirkpatr@email.arizona.edu NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.2193/2005-493 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 156RM UT WOS:000245666800031 ER PT J AU Nelson, HK Serie, JR Trauger, DL AF Nelson, Harvey K. Serie, Jerome R. Trauger, David L. TI Arthur S. Hawkins, 1914-2006 - Our Respects SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 297 EP 298 DI 10.2193/2006-517 PG 2 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 156RM UT WOS:000245666800041 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Riitters, KH Wade, TG Coan, M Homer, C AF Wickham, J. D. Riitters, K. H. Wade, T. G. Coan, M. Homer, C. TI The effect of Appalachian mountaintop mining on interior forest SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Appalachian mountains; coal mining; edge effects; forest loss; interior forest ID UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; NUTRIENT; SCALE; DYNAMICS; SERVICES; CLIMATE AB Southern Appalachian forests are predominantly interior because they are spatially extensive with little disturbance imposed by other uses of the land. Appalachian mountaintop mining increased substantially during the 1990s, posing a threat to the interior character of the forest. We used spatial convolution to identify interior forest at multiple scales on circa 1992 and 2001 land-cover maps of the Southern Appalachians. Our analyses show that interior forest loss was 1.75-5.0 times greater than the direct forest loss attributable to mountaintop mining. Mountaintop mining in the southern Appalachians has reduced forest interior area more extensively than the reduction that would be expected based on changes in overall forest area alone. The loss of Southern Appalachian interior forest is of global significance because of the worldwide rarity of large expanses of temperate deciduous forest. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US Forest Serv, So Forest Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US Geol Survey, Sci Applicat Int Corp, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, E243-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wickham.james@epa.gov; kriitters@fs.fed.us; wade.timothy@epa.gov; coan@usgs.gov; homer@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 7 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1007/s10980-006-9040-z PG 9 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 130UG UT WOS:000243823900003 ER PT J AU Barron, JA Bukry, D AF Barron, John A. Bukry, David TI Solar forcing of Gulf of California climate during the past 2000 yr suggested by diatoms and silicoflagellates SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE holocene; Gulf of California; upwelling; diatoms; silicoflagellates; monsoon; medieval climate anomaly; little ice age; solar forcing; sea surface temperature ID WAVELET ANALYSIS; VARIABILITY; SEDIMENTS; OCEAN; PHYTOPLANKTON; PLANKTON; GUAYMAS; RECORD; ENSO; FLUX AB High-resolution records of the past 2000 yr are compared in a north-south transect (28 degrees N to 24 degrees N) of three cores from the eastern slopes of the Guaymas, Carmen, and Pescadero Basins of the Gulf of California (hereafter referred to as the "Gulf'). Evenly-spaced samples from the varved sediments in each core allow sample resolution ranging from similar to 16 to similar to 37 yr. Diatoms and silicoflagellates capture the seasonal variation between a late fall to early spring period of high biosiliceous productivity, that is driven by northwest winds, and a summer period of warmer, more stratified waters during which these winds slacken and/or reverse direction (monsoonal flow). As these winds decrease, tropical waters enter the Gulf and spread northward. Individual samples represent a composite of 7 to 23 yr of deposition and are assumed to record the relative dominance of the winter vs. summer floral components. Intervals of enhanced summer incursion of tropical waters, alternating with periods of increased late fall to early spring biosiliceous productivity are recorded in all three cores. Regularly spaced cycles (similar to 100 yr duration) of Octactis pulchra, a silicoflagellate proxy for lower SST and high productivity, and Azpeitia nodulifera, a tropical diatom, occur between similar to A.D. 400 and similar to 1700 in the more nearshore Carmen Basin core, NH01-21 (26.3 degrees N), suggesting a possible solar influence on coastal upwelling. Cores BAM80 E-17 (27.9 degrees N) and NH01-26 (24.3 degrees N) contain longer-duration cycles of diatoms and silicoflagellates. The early part of Medieval Climate Anomaly (similar to A.D. 900 to 1200) is characterized by two periods of reduced productivity (warmer SST) with an intervening high productivity (cool) interval centered at similar to A.D. 1050. Reduced productivity and higher SST also characterize the record of the last similar to 100 to 200 yr in these cores. Solar variability appears to be driving productivity cycles, as intervals of increased radiocarbon production (sunspot minima) correlate with intervals of enhanced productivity. It is proposed that increased winter cooling of the atmosphere above southwest U.S. during sunspot minima causes intensification of the northwest winds that blow down the Gulf during the late fall to early spring, leading to intensified overturn of surface waters and enhanced productivity. A new silicoflagellate species, Dictyocha franshepardii Bukry, is described and illustrated. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Barron, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, NS910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jbarron@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8398 J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL JI Mar. Micropaleontol. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 62 IS 2 BP 115 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.marmicro.2006.08.003 PG 25 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 138GY UT WOS:000244352300003 ER PT J AU Bugmann, H Gurung, AB Ewert, F Haeberli, W Guisan, A Fagre, D Kaab, A AF Bugmann, Harald Gurung, Astrid Bjoernsen Ewert, Frank Haeberli, Wilfried Guisan, Antoine Fagre, Dan Kaab, Andreas CA GLOCHAMORE participants TI Modeling the biophysical impacts of global change in mountain biosphere reserves SO MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; climate change; cryosphere; impact assessment; land cover; land use; remote sensing ID GLACIER NATIONAL-PARK; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; FUTURE SCENARIOS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EUROPE; VARIABILITY; PERMAFROST; FORESTS; ENERGY; AREAS AB Mountains and mountain societies provide a wide range of goods and services to humanity, but they are particularly sensitive to the effects of global environmental change. Thus, the definition of appropriate management regimes that maintain the multiple functions of mountain regions in a time of greatly changing climatic, economic, and societal drivers constitutes a significant challenge. Management decisions must be based on a sound understanding of the future dynamics of these systems. The present article reviews the elements required for an integrated effort to project the impacts of global change on mountain regions, and recommends tools that can be used at 3 scientific levels (essential, improved, and optimum). The proposed strategy is evaluated with respect to UNESCO's network of Mountain Biosphere Reserves (MBRs), with the intention of implementing it in other mountain regions as well. First, methods for generating scenarios of key drivers of global change are reviewed, including land use/land cover and climate change. This is followed by a brief review of the models available for projecting the impacts of these scenarios on (1) cryospheric systems, (2) ecosystem structure and diversity, and (3) ecosystem functions such as carbon and water relations. Finally, the cross-cutting role of remote sensing techniques is evaluated with respect to both monitoring and modeling efforts. We conclude that a broad range of techniques is available for both scenario generation and impact assessments, many of which can be implemented without much capacity building across many or even most MBRs. However, to foster implementation of the proposed strategy, further efforts are required to establish partnerships between scientists and resource managers in mountain areas. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Environm Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Swiss Acad Nat Sci, Coordinat Off, CH-3007 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Plant Sci, Grp Plant Prod Syst, NL-6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Glacier Natl Pk, USGS Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Bugmann, H (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Environm Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM harald.bugmann@ethz.ch; bjoernsen@env.ethz.ch; frank.ewert@wur.nl; haeberli@geo.unizh.ch; antoine.guisan@unil.ch; dan_fagre@usgs.gov; kaeaeb@geo.uio.no RI Bugmann, Harald/A-1252-2008; Kaab, Andreas/A-3607-2012; Guisan, Antoine/A-1057-2011; OI Guisan, Antoine/0000-0002-3998-4815; Bugmann, Harald/0000-0003-4233-0094 NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PI LAWRENCE PA BUSINESS OFFICE, 810 E 10TH STREET, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KANSAS 66044-8897 USA SN 0276-4741 J9 MT RES DEV JI Mt. Res. Dev. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 66 EP 77 DI 10.1659/0276-4741(2007)27[66:MTBIOG]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 149FB UT WOS:000245131400012 ER PT J AU Frohnauer, NK Pierce, CL Kallemeyn, LW AF Frohnauer, Nick K. Pierce, Clay L. Kallemeyn, Larry W. TI Population dynamics and angler exploitation of the unique muskellunge population in Shoepack Lake, Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ESOX-MASQUINONGY MITCHILL; SPAWNING HABITAT; RELATIVE WEIGHT; WISCONSIN; DRAWDOWN AB A unique population of muskellunge Esox masquinongy inhabits Shoepack Lake in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota. Little is known about its status, dynamics, and angler exploitation, and there is concern for the long-term viability of this population. We used intensive sampling and mark-recapture methods to quantify abundance, survival, growth, condition, age at maturity and fecundity and angler surveys to quantify angler pressure, catch rates, and exploitation. During our study, heavy rain washed out a dam constructed by beavers Castor canadensis which regulates the water level at the lake outlet, resulting in a nearly 50% reduction in surface area. We estimated a population size of 1, 120 adult fish at the beginning of the study. No immediate reduction in population size was detected in response to the loss of lake area. although there was a gradual, but significant, decline in population size over the 2-year study. Adults grew less,than 50 torn per year, and relative weight (V.) averaged roughly 80. Anglers were successful in catching, on average, two fish during a full day of angling, but harvest was negligible. Shoepack Lake muskellunge exhibit much slower growth rates and lower condition, but much higher densities and angler catch per unit effort (CPUE), than other muskellunge populations. The unique nature, limited distribution, and location of this population in a national park require special consideration for management. The results of this study provide the basis for assessing the long-term viability of the Shoepack Lake muskellunge population through simulations of long-term population dynamics and genetically effective population size. C1 Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Int Falls Biol Stn, Int Falls, MN 56649 USA. RP Pierce, CL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cpierce@iastate.edu NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 63 EP 76 DI 10.1577/M05-142.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 151PC UT WOS:000245301700006 ER PT J AU Frohnauer, NK Pierce, CL Kallemeyn, LW AF Frohnauer, Nick K. Pierce, Clay L. Kallemeyn, Larry W. TI Simulated effects of recruitment variability, exploitation, and reduced habitat area on the muskellunge population in Shoepack Lake, Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID VIABILITY ANALYSIS; OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS; EFFECTIVE SIZE; FISH; DENSITY; CONSERVATION; WISCONSIN; SYSTEM; YIELD; MODEL AB The genetically unique population of muskellunge Esox masquinongy inhabiting Shoepack Lake in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, is potentially at risk for loss of genetic variability and long-term viability. Shoepack Lake has been subject to dramatic surface area changes from the construction of an outlet dam by beavers Castor canadensis and its subsequent failure. We simulated the long-term dynamics of this population in response to recruitment variation, increased exploitation, and reduced habitat area. We then estimated the effective population size of the simulated population and evaluated potential threats to long-term viability, based on which we recommend management actions to help preserve the long-term viability of the population. Simulations based on the population size and habitat area at the beginning of a companion study resulted in an effective population size that was generally above the threshold level for risk of loss of genetic variability, except when fishing mortality was increased. Simulations based on the reduced habitat area after the beaver dam failure and our assumption of a proportional reduction in population size resulted in an effective population size that was generally below the threshold level for risk of loss of genetic variability. Our results identified two potential threats to the long-term viability of the Shoepack Lake muskellunge population, reduction in habitat area and exploitation. Increased exploitation can be prevented through traditional fishery management approaches such as the adoption of no-kill, barbless hook, and limited entry regulations. Maintenance of the greatest possible habitat area and prevention of future habitat area reductions will require maintenance of the outlet dam built by beavers. Our study should enhance the long-term viability of the Shoepack Lake muskellunge population and illustrates a useful approach for other unique populations. C1 Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Int Falls Biol Stn, Int Falls, MN 56649 USA. RP Pierce, CL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cpierce@iastate.edu NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1577/M05-143.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 151PC UT WOS:000245301700007 ER PT J AU Rogillio, HE Ruth, RT Behrens, EH Doolittle, CN Granger, WJ Kirk, JP AF Rogillio, Howard E. Ruth, Ronald T. Behrens, Elizabeth H. Doolittle, Cedric N. Granger, Whitney J. Kirk, James P. TI Gulf sturgeon movements in the Pearl River drainage and the Mississippi sound SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SUWANNEE RIVER; FLORIDA; MIGRATION AB A study of the seasonal movements of Gulf sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi was conducted in the Pearl River system and the Mississippi Sound from 2000 through 2003. We captured or recaptured, marked, and released 503 Gulf sturgeon, 98 adults being tagged with internal or external telemetry tags. Movement chronologies were generally similar to those reported in other studies. Summer habitats were found in the Pearl and Bogue Chitto rivers (Louisiana-Mississippi), and these habitats were occupied from April through November. Adults and subadults were spatially separated, the adults being concentrated in the Bogue Chitto River and the subadults in the Pearl River. Tagged adults began to leave the summer habitat during September and to arrive at the mouth of the Pearl River and the Rigolets Pass. The last departure from this location was in late November. Wintering habitat between Cat, Ship, Hom, and Petit Bois islands in the Mississippi Sound was used between November and early March. Gulf sturgeon returned to the Rigolets Pass from March through June. Despite extensive sampling and the use of multiple collection gears, no eggs, larvae, or age-0 fish were captured and Gulf sturgeon spawning sites within this system remain unknown. The identification of summer and wintering habitats is essential for critical habitat designation for this species, which is federally listed as threatened. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, New Orleans, LA 70160 USA. Louisiana State Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Lacombe, LA 70445 USA. RP Kirk, JP (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM james.p.kirk@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1577/M05-170.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 151PC UT WOS:000245301700008 ER PT J AU Meeuwig, MH Puls, AL Bayer, JM AF Meeuwig, Michael H. Puls, Amy L. Bayer, Jennifer M. TI Survival and tag retention of Pacific lamprey larvae and macrophthalmia marked with coded wire tags SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE; CULTURE; GROWTH; DIETS AB We examined the survival, tag retention, and growth of Pacific lamprey Lampetra tridentata larvae and macrophthalmia marked with standard-length decimal coded wire tags and exposed to two levels of handling stress. The survival of marked individuals did not differ from that of unmarked individuals at either life stage for the duration of the experiment (56 d). Tag retention was 100% for all treatment combinations except larvae that were handled frequently (93 +/- 3%). The majority of tag loss occurred within 28 d of marking, and no tag loss was observed between 42 and 56 d after marking. The individuals that lost tags were among the smallest marked, and a logistic regression model indicated a relationship between larva length and the probability of tag retention. Size of larvae (length and mass) and macrophthalmia (mass) decreased over the duration of the experiment; however, changes in size were systematic among treatment combinations, indicating that factors other than tagging or handling affected growth. These data indicate that coded wire tags may be useful for field-based studies of Pacific lamprey larvae and macrophthalmia. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Meeuwig, MH (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, POB 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM mmeeuwig@montana.edu NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 96 EP 102 DI 10.1577/M06-074.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 151PC UT WOS:000245301700009 ER PT J AU Yule, DL Adams, JV Stockwell, JD Gorman, OT AF Yule, Daniel L. Adams, Jean V. Stockwell, Jason D. Gorman, Owen T. TI Using multiple gears to assess acoustic detectability and biomass of fish species in Lake Superior SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID HERRING COREGONUS-ARTEDI; RAINBOW-SMELT; TROUT REHABILITATION; VERTICAL MIGRATION; GREAT-LAKES; ABUNDANCE; MICHIGAN; ALEWIVES; ONTARIO; DIEL AB Recent predator demand and prey supply studies suggest that an annual daytime bottom trawl survey of Lake Superior underestimates prey fish biomass. A multiple-gear (acoustics, bottom trawl, and midwater trawl) nighttime survey has been recommended, but before abandoning a long-term daytime survey the effectiveness of night sampling of important prey species must be verified. We sampled three bottom depths (30, 60, and 120 m) at a Lake Superior site where the fish community included all commercially and ecologically important species. Day and night samples were collected within 48 h at all depths during eight different periods (one new and one full moon period during both early summer and late summer to early fall over 2 years). Biomass of demersal and benthic species was higher in night bottom trawl samples than in day bottom trawl samples. Night acoustic collections showed that pelagic fish typically occupied water cooler than 15 degrees C and light levels less than 0.001 1x. Using biomass in night bottom trawls and acoustic biomass above the bottom trawl path, we calculated an index of acoustic detectability for each species. Ciscoes Coregonus artedi, kiyis C. kiyi, and rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax left the bottom at night, whereas bloaters C. hoyi stayed nearer the bottom. We compared the biomass of important prey species estimated with two survey types: day bottom trawls and night estimates of the entire water column (bottom trawl biomass plus acoustic biomass). The biomass of large ciscoes (> 200 mm) was significantly greater when measured at night than when measured during daylight, but the differences for other sizes of important species did not vary significantly by survey type. Nighttime of late summer is a period when conditions for biomass estimation are largely invariant, and all important prey species can be sampled using a multiple-gear approach. C1 US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Yule, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, 2800 Lakeshore Dr, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM dyule@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 106 EP 126 DI 10.1577/M06-090.1 PG 21 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 151PC UT WOS:000245301700011 ER PT J AU Bronte, CR Holey, ME Madenjian, CP Jonas, JL Claramunt, RM McKee, PC Toneys, ML Ebener, MP Breidert, B Fleischer, GW Hess, R Martell, AW Olsen, EJ AF Bronte, Charles R. Holey, Mark E. Madenjian, Charles P. Jonas, Jory L. Claramunt, Randall M. McKee, Patrick C. Toneys, Michael L. Ebener, Mark P. Breidert, Brian Fleischer, Guy W. Hess, Richard Martell, Archie W., Jr. Olsen, Erik J. TI Relative abundance, site fidelity, and survival of adult lake trout in Lake Michigan from 1999 to 2001: Implications for future restoration strategies SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS; GREAT-LAKES; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; THIAMINE-DEFICIENCY; THERMAL HABITAT; EGG DEPOSITION; ISLAND REEF; SUPERIOR; ONTARIO AB We compared the relative abundance of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush spawners in gill nets during fall 1999-2001 in Lake Michigan at 19 stocked spawning sites with that at 25 unstocked sites to evaluate how effective site-specific stocking was in recolonizing historically important spawning reefs. The abundance of adult fish was higher at stocked onshore and offshore sites than at unstocked sites. This suggests that site-specific stocking is more effective at establishing spawning aggregations than relying on the ability of hatchery-reared lake trout to find spawning reefs, especially those offshore. Spawner densities were generally too low and too young at most sites to expect significant natural reproduction. However, densities were sufficiently high at some sites for reproduction to occur and therefore the lack of recruitment was attributable to other factors. Less than 3% of all spawners could have been wild fish, which indicates that little natural reproduction occurred in past years. Wounding by sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus was generally lower for Seneca Lake strain fish and highest for strains from Lake Superior. Fish captured at offshore sites in southern Lake Michigan had the lowest probability of wounding, while fish at onshore sites in northern Lake Michigan had the highest probability. The relative survival of the Seneca Lake strain was higher than that of the Lewis Lake or the Marquette strains for the older year-classes examined. Survival differences among strains were less evident for younger year-classes. Recaptures of coded-wire-tagged fish of five strains indicated that most fish returned to their stocking site or to a nearby site and that dispersal from stocking sites during spawning was about 100 km. Restoration strategies should rely on site-specific stocking of lake trout strains with good survival at selected historically important offshore spawning sites to increase egg deposition and the probability of natural reproduction in Lake Michigan. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. US Geol Survey, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Charlevoix, MI 49720 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Sault Ste Marie, ON 49783, Canada. Indiana Dept Nat Resources, Michigan City, IN 46360 USA. US Geol Survey, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Illinois Dept Conservat, Des Plaines, IL 60016 USA. Little River Band Ottawa Indians, Manistee, MI 49660 USA. Grand Traverse Band Ottawa & Chippewa Indians, Suttons Bay, MI 49682 USA. RP Bronte, CR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2661 Scott Tower Rd, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. EM charles_bronte@fws.gov NR 73 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 137 EP 155 DI 10.1577/M05-214.2 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 151PC UT WOS:000245301700013 ER PT J AU Dauwalter, DC Fisher, WL AF Dauwalter, Daniel C. Fisher, William L. TI Electrofishing capture probability of smallmouth bass in streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MARK-RECAPTURE; DWELLING SALMONIDS; HABITAT; ABUNDANCE; TROUT; SIZE; EFFICIENCY AB Abundance estimation is an integral part of understanding the ecology and advancing the management of fish populations and communities. Mark-recapture and removal methods are commonly used to estimate the abundance of stream fishes. Alternatively, abundance can be estimated by dividing the number of individuals sampled by the probability of capture. We conducted a mark-recapture study and used multiple repeated-measures logistic regression to determine the influence of fish size, sampling procedures, and stream habitat variables on the cumulative capture probability for smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu in two eastern Oklahoma streams. The predicted capture probability was used to adjust the number of individuals sampled to obtain abundance estimates. The observed capture probabilities were higher for larger fish and decreased with successive electrofishing passes for larger fish only. Model selection suggested that the number of electrofishing passes, fish length, and mean thalweg depth affected capture probabilities the most; there was little evidence for any effect of electrofishing power density and woody debris density on capture probability. Leave-one-out cross validation showed that the cumulative capture probability model predicts smallmouth abundance accurately. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Dauwalter, DC (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Dept 3166,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM ddauwalt@uwyo.edu NR 39 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 162 EP 171 DI 10.1577/M06-008.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 151PC UT WOS:000245301700015 ER PT J AU Roberts, NM Rabeni, CF Stanovick, JS AF Roberts, Nathan M. Rabeni, Charles F. Stanovick, John S. TI Distinguishing centrarchid genera by use of lateral line scales SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION AB Predator-prey relations involving fishes are often evaluated using scales remaining in gut contents or feces. While several reliable keys help identify North American freshwater fish scales to the family level, none attempt to separate the family Centrarchidae to the genus level. Centrarchidae is of particular concern in the midwestern United States because it contains several popular sport fishes, such as smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, largemouth bass M. salmoides, and rock bass Ambloplites rupestris, as well as less-sought-after species of sunfishes Lepomis spp. and crappies Pomoxis spp. Differentiating sport fish from nonsport fish has important management implications. Morphological characteristics of lateral line scales (n = 1,581) from known centrarchid fishes were analyzed. The variability of measurements within and between genera was examined to select variables that were the most useful in further classifying unknown centrarchid scales. A linear discriminant analysis model was developed using 10 variables. Based on this model, 84.4% of Ambloplites scales, 81.2% of Lepomis scales, and 86.6% of Micropterus scales were classified correctly using a jackknife procedure. C1 Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Rabeni, CF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM rabeniC@missouri.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 215 EP 219 DI 10.1577/M05-202.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 151PC UT WOS:000245301700020 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Madenjian, CP AF Stapanian, Martin A. Madenjian, Charles P. TI Evidence that lake trout served as a buffer against sea lamprey predation on burbot in Lake Erie SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; INTERNATIONAL-SYMPOSIUM; MICHIGAN AB The population of burbot Lota Iota in Lake Erie recovered during 1986-2003, mainly because of the control of sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus, which began in 1986. Burbot populations continued to grow during 1996-1998, when sea lamprey control was substantially reduced. We calculated mortality parameters for burbot in Lake Erie by estimating age at capture for 2,793 burbot caught in annual gill-net surveys of eastern Lake Erie from 1994 to 2003. Based on catch-curve analysis, annual mortality in Lake Erie during 1994-2003 was estimated as 33%. Annual mortality of the 1992 year-class of burbot was estimated as 30%. The mortality of burbot during the years of reduced sea lamprey control was not different from that during the 3 years preceding reduced control and was significantly lower than that during the entire portion of the time series in which full sea lamprey control was conducted. These results suggest that the reduction in sea lamprey control did not lead to increased burbot mortality. The catch per gill-net lift of large burbot (total length > 600 mm), the size preferred by sea lampreys, was lower than that of adult lake trout Salvelinus namaycush (age 5 and older; total length > 700 mm) before lampricide application was reduced. Although adult lake trout populations declined, the abundance of large burbot did not change during the period of reduced lampricide application. These results support a hypothesis that a healthy population of adult lake trout can serve as a buffer species, acting to reduce predation of burbot by sea lampreys when sea lamprey populations increase. Burbot attained sexual maturity at a relatively early age (3 or 4 years) and a total length (approximately 500 mm) that was smaller than the preferred prey size for sea lampreys. These characteristics and the buffering effect of the lake trout population enabled growth of the burbot population during the brief period when lamprey control was reduced. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 35 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 9 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 238 EP 245 DI 10.1577/M05-156.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 151PC UT WOS:000245301700022 ER PT J AU Olson, NW Guy, CS Koupal, KD AF Olson, Nathan W. Guy, Christopher S. Koupal, Keith D. TI Interactions among three top-level predators in a polymictic Great Plains reservoir SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LARVAL GIZZARD SHAD; WHITE BASS; STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; DIET OVERLAP; FOOD-HABITS; LAKE; WALLEYE; KANSAS; MORONE AB After the introduction of hybrid striped bass (white bass Morone chrysops X striped bass M. saxatilis) into Harlan County Reservoir, Nebraska, gill-net catch per unit effort (CPUE) of walleyes Sander vitreus appeared to decline while that of white bass remained stable. This result prompted the question of whether these three species can be managed collectively in reservoir ecosystems. However, despite the frequency with which these three popular sport fishes coexist in Great Plains reservoirs, we are unaware of any studies that evaluate resource overlap among them. Therefore, we compared their diets, diet overlap, isotopic composition, vertical distribution, and vertical overlap in Harlan County Reservoir from June to September 2002 and 2003. All three species consumed similar prey (i.e., gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum and Chironomidae), and diet overlap was high (i.e., Pianka's index > 40) during all months. On no occasion did all three predators consume the same sizes of gizzard shad. Hybrid striped bass consumed larger gizzard shad than white bass did in September 2002 and 2003, whereas white bass consumed smaller gizzard shad than walleyes and hybrid striped bass did in August 2002 and 2003. Stable isotope analysis corroborated the diet analysis and indicated that all three species occupied the same trophic level and that each predator derived carbon from a similar prey source. White bass were consistently located within the upper 3 in of water, whereas the vertical distribution of hybrid striped bass and walleyes varied from the surface to 10 in deep. Spatial overlap was therefore not as high as dietary overlap and was variable among species and months. Although diet overlap was high, resource partitioning (i.e., different feeding locations and different sizes of gizzard shad eaten) reduced the negative interactions among the three predators. Therefore, we conclude that concurrent management of these three sport fishes is feasible in highly productive reservoirs similar to the one in this study. C1 Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Nebraska Game & Parks Commiss, Dist Off 6, Kearney, NE 68847 USA. RP Olson, NW (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 811 Pine St, Ortonville, MN 56278 USA. EM nathan.olson@dnr.state.mn.us NR 50 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 268 EP 278 DI 10.1577/M05-180.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 151PC UT WOS:000245301700025 ER PT J AU Underwood, TJ Gordon, JA Millard, MJ Lubinski, BR Klosiewski, SP AF Underwood, Tevis J. Gordon, Judith A. Millard, Michael J. Lubinski, Brian R. Klosiewski, Steve P. TI Appropriateness of the Darroch estimator for monitoring adult chum salmon on the middle Yukon River, Alaska SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ABUNDANCE; CAPTURE AB From 1996 to 1999, a Darroch two-sample stratified capture-recapture experiment was conducted on adult chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta in the Yukon River, Alaska. Annual release of marked chum salmon ranged from 8,527 to 18,631 fish. At the recovery site, 15,581-45,232 fish were examined for marks annually. The percentage of tagged fish among those examined for marks ranged from 2.8% to 6.4%. Abundance estimates ranged from 189,742 (SE = 6,967) to 654,296 (SE 21,92 1) fish during the four study years. Weekly estimates ranged from 6,796 to 126,268 fish. The assumption of a closed population was evaluated in light of life history and other data. One closure violation due to sample starting and ending dates was mitigated using migration times. We used statistical analysis and modeling to evaluate assumptions of (1) equal probability of capture, (2) equal probability of movement, and (3) random mixing of fish. Logistic regression suggested that the probability of recapture was not independent of length and gender in 8 of 32 weeks among years. Modeling changes in the probabilities of movement and capture indicated that differences in movement would cause little bias in population estimates relative to differences in capture. However, length- and gender-stratified and unstratified population estimates showed little difference (e.g., in 1997: length-stratified estimate = 351,138 fish, gender-stratified estimate = 333,842 fish, unstratified estimate 333,057 fish). Three explanations were offered for these results: violations were due to changes in the probability of movement, statistical tests were overly sensitive, or the estimator was robust to the assumption violations. Probability of recapture was related to bank orientation (i.e., nonrandorn mixing) only in 1999. Annual estimates during the study documented a decline in the spawning population. Weekly estimates indicated that run timing was inconsistent among years. The estimates compared favorably with other assessments of the run. We concluded that the Darroch estimator was reasonably applied to data collected via fish wheels for this population. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arctic Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries & Habitat Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Underwood, TJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arctic Natl Wildlife Refuge, 101 12th Ave,Room 236, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM tevis_underwood@fws.gov NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 303 EP 314 DI 10.1577/M04-199.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 151PC UT WOS:000245301700028 ER PT J AU Brewer, SK Rabeni, CF Sowa, SP Annis, G AF Brewer, Shannon K. Rabeni, Charles F. Sowa, Scott P. Annis, Gust TI Natural landscape and stream segment attributes influencing the distribution and relative abundance of riverine smallmouth bass in Missouri SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FISH POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; LARGEMOUTH BASS; HABITAT USE; ASSEMBLAGES; TEMPERATURE; COMMUNITIES; FRAMEWORK AB Protecting and restoring fish populations on a regional basis are most effective if the multiscale factors responsible for the relative quality of a fishery are known. We spatially linked Missouri's statewide histofical fish collections to environmental features in a geographic information system, which was used as a basis for modeling the importance of landscape and stream segment features in supporting a population of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolonmieu. Decision tree analyses were used to develop probability-based models to predict statewide occurrence and within-range relative abundances. We were able to identify the range of smallmouth bass throughout Missouri and the probability of occurrence within that range by using a few broad landscape variables: the percentage of coarse-textured soils in the watershed, watershed relief, and the percentage of soils with low permeability in the watershed. The within-range relative abundance model included both landscape and stream segment variables. As with the statewide probability of occurrence model, soil permeability was particularly significant. The predicted relative abundance of smallmouth bass in stream segments containing low percentages of permeable soils was further influenced by channel gradient, stream size, spring-flow volume, and local slope. Assessment of model accuracy with an independent data set showed good concordance. A conceptual framework involving naturally occurring factors that affect smallmouth bass potential is presented as a comparative model for assessing transferability to other geographic areas and for studying potential land use and biotic effects. We also identify the benefits, caveats, and data requirements necessary to improve predictions and promote ecological understanding. C1 Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Missouri Resource Assessment Partnership, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Rabeni, CF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM rabenic@missouri.edu NR 61 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 326 EP 341 DI 10.1577/M06-122.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 151PC UT WOS:000245301700030 ER PT J AU Hechinger, RF Lafferty, KD Huspeni, TC Brooks, AJ Kuris, AM AF Hechinger, Ryan F. Lafferty, Kevin D. Huspeni, Todd C. Brooks, Andrew J. Kuris, Armand M. TI Can parasites be indicators of free-living diversity? Relationships between species richness and the abundance of larval trematodes and of local benthos and fishes SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Cerithidea californica; indicators; biodiversity; estuaries; wetlands ID SNAIL INTERMEDIATE HOSTS; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; LARGE-SCALE; FOOD WEBS; BIODIVERSITY; INFECTIONS; TAXA AB Measuring biodiversity is difficult. This has led to efforts to seek taxa whose species richness correlates with the species richness of other taxa. Such indicator taxa could then reduce the time and cost of assessing the biodiversity of the more extensive community. The search for species richness correlations has yielded mixed results, however. This may be primarily because of the lack of functional relationships between the taxa studied. Trematode parasites are highly promising bioindicators. Diverse assemblages of larval trematode parasites are easily sampled in intermediate host snails. Through their life cycles these parasites are functionally coupled with the surrounding free-living diversity of vertebrate and invertebrate animals. It has been shown that larval trematodes in snails correlate positively with bird diversity and abundance. Here, we explore whether trematodes also correlate with standard measures of fishes, and large and small benthos, for 32 sites in three wetlands. We found associations between trematodes and benthic communities that were not consistent across wetlands. The associations were, however, consistently positive for large benthic species richness and density. Some of the contrasting associations between trematode and benthos may be explained by negative associations between large and small benthos. We found no associations with fish communities (probably because of the inadequacy of standard "snapshot" sampling methods for highly mobile fishes). The results support further exploration of trematodes as bioindicators of diversity and abundance of animal communities. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Hechinger, RF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM hechinger@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; Hechinger, Ryan/F-6754-2010 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; NR 40 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 5 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD FEB PY 2007 VL 151 IS 1 BP 82 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s00442-006-0568-z PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 123WB UT WOS:000243325800008 PM 17024376 ER PT J AU Ross, DS AF Ross, David S. TI The viability of a nonenzymatic reductive citric acid cycle - Kinetics and thermochemistry SO ORIGINS OF LIFE AND EVOLUTION OF THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE citric acid cycle; nonenzymatic; citrate; kinetics ID INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM; CHEMISTRY; ORIGIN AB The likelihood of a functioning nonenzymatic reductive citric acid cycle, recently proposed as the precursor to biosynthesis on early Earth, is examined on the basis of the kinetics and thermochemistry of the acetate -> pyruvate -> oxaloacetate -> malate sequence. Using data derived from studies of the Pd-catalyzed phosphinate reduction of carbonyl functions it is shown that the rate of conversion of pyruvate to malate with that system would have been much too slow to have played a role in the early chemistry of life, while naturally occurring reduction systems such as the fayalite-magnetite-quartz and pyrrhotite-pyrite-magnetite mineral assemblages would have provided even slower conversions. It is also shown that the production of pyruvate from acetate is too highly endoergic to be driven by a naturally occurring energy source such as pyrophosphate. It is thus highly doubtful that the cycle can operate at suitable rates without enzymes, and most unlikely that it could have participated in the chemistry leading to life. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ross, DS (reprint author), 149 Walter Hays Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. EM dsross3@yahoo.com NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-6149 J9 ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B JI Orig. Life Evol. Biosph. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 61 EP 65 DI 10.1007/s11084-006-9017-6 PG 5 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 132EY UT WOS:000243926500006 PM 17136437 ER PT J AU Benson, LV Berry, MS Jolie, EA Spangler, JD Stahle, DW Hattori, EM AF Benson, Larry V. Berry, Michael S. Jolie, Edward A. Spangler, Jerry D. Stahle, David W. Hattori, Eugene M. TI Possible impacts of early-11th-, middle-12th-, and late-13th-century droughts on western Native Americans and the Mississippian Cahokians SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID ICE-AGE; POPULATION-GROWTH; PAST MILLENNIUM; NORTH-ATLANTIC; UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA; OSCILLATION; PACIFIC; CLIMATE; PRECIPITATION AB One or more of three intense and persistent droughts impacted some Native American cultures in the early-11th, middle-12th and late-13th centuries, including the Anasazi, Fremont, Lovelock, and Mississippian (Cahokian) prehistorical cultures. Tree-ring-based reconstructions of precipitation and temperature indicate that warm drought periods occurred between AD 990 and 1060, AD 1135 and 1170, and AD 1276 and 1297. These droughts occurred during minima in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and may have been associated with positive values of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Each of the Native American cultures was supported, to a greater or lesser degree, by precipitation-dependent resources. Both the Four Corners region and Cahokia were sites of intense growth between about AD 1050 and 1130, and by AD 1150, cultures in both regions were undergoing stress. By AD 1300 the Anasazi and Fremont cultures had collapsed and their residual populations had either left their homelands or withered. In the case of Fremont populations, the AD 990-1060 drought may have had the greatest impact. This drought also may have affected the Anasazi, for it was at the end of this drought that some people from Chaco migrated to the San Juan River valley and founded the Salmon Ruin great house. Detailed data do not exist on the number of Lovelock habitation sites or populations over time; however, Lovelock populations appear to have retreated from the western Great Basin to California by AD 1300 or shortly thereafter. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Salt Lake City, UT 84138 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Anthropol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Colorado Plateau Archaeol Alliance, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Nevada State Museum, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. RP Benson, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM lbenson@usgs.gov NR 82 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3-4 BP 336 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.08.001 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 158GH UT WOS:000245779200007 ER PT J AU Gibs, J Stackelberg, PE Furlong, ET Meyer, M Zaugg, SD Lippincott, RL AF Gibs, Jacob Stackelberg, Paul E. Furlong, Edward T. Meyer, Michael Zaugg, Steven D. Lippincott, Robert Lee TI Persistence of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds in chlorinated drinking water as a function of time SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE fate; pharmaceuticals; total chlorine; antibiotics; degradation; drinking water; persistence ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; WASTE-WATER; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WATERTREATMENT PLANT; RECEIVING WATERS; SURFACE WATERS; SEWAGE; CONTAMINANTS; ENVIRONMENT AB Ninety eight pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds (POOCs) that were amended to samples of chlorinated drinkingwater were extracted and analyzed 1, 3, 6, 8, and 10 days after amendment to determine whether the total chlorine residual reacted with the amended POOCs in drinking water in a time frame similar to the residence time of drinking water in a water distribution system. Results indicated that if all 98 were present in the finished drinking water from a drinking-water treatment plant using free chlorine at 1.2 mg/L as the distribution system disinfectant residual, 52 POOCs would be present in the drinking water after 10 days at approximately the same concentration as in the newly finished drinking water. Concentrations of 16 POOCs would be reduced by 32% to 92%, and 22 POOCs would react completely with residual chlorine within 24 h. Thus, the presence of free chlorine residual is an effective means for transforming some POOCs during distribution. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. RP Gibs, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd, Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM jgibs@usgs.gov RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 27 TC 77 Z9 83 U1 4 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 373 IS 1 BP 240 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.11.003 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 137XK UT WOS:000244326100023 PM 17188338 ER PT J AU Nimick, DA McCleskey, BR Gammons, CH Cleasby, TE Parker, SR AF Nimick, David A. McCleskey, Blaine R. Gammons, Christopher H. Cleasby, Thomas E. Parker, Stephen R. TI Diel mercury-concentration variations in streams affected by mining and geothermal discharge SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE mercury; methylmercury; diet; diurnal; Madison River; Silver Creek; Montana ID DISSOLVED GASEOUS MERCURY; FRESH-WATER LAKES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; TEMPERATE LAKES; MOUNTAIN STREAM; SOLAR-RADIATION; ORGANIC-CARBON; NATURAL-WATERS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC BIOFILM AB Diet variations of concentrations of unfiltered and filtered total Hg and filtered methyl Hg were documented during 24-h sampling episodes in water from Silver Creek, which drains a historical gold-mining district near Helena, Montana, and the Madison River, which drains the geothermal system of Yellowstone National Park. The concentrations of filtered methyl Hg had relatively large diel variations (increases of 68 and 93% from morning minima) in both streams. Unfiltered and filtered (0.1-mu m filtration) total Hg in Silver Creek had diet concentration increases of 24% and 7%, respectively. In the Madison River, concentrations of unfiltered and filtered total Hg did not change during the sampling period. The concentration variation of unfiltered total Hg in Silver Creek followed the diel variation in suspended-particle concentration. The concentration variation of filtered total and methyl Hg followed the solar photocycle, with highest concentrations during the early afternoon and evening and lowest concentrations during the morning. None of the diet Hg variations correlated with diet variation in streamflow or major ion concentrations. The diet variation in filtered total Hg could have been produced by adsorption-desorption of Hg(2+) or by reduction of Hg(II) to Hgo and subsequent evasion of Hg. The diet variation in filtered methyl Hg could have been produced by sunlightand temperature-dependent methylation. This study is the first to examine diel Hg cycling in streams, and its results reinforce previous conclusions that diet trace-element cycling in streams is widespread but often not recognized and that parts of the biogeochemical Hg cycle respond quickly to the daily photocycle. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59601 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Geol Engn, Butte, MT 59701 USA. Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Dept Chem & Geochem, Butte, MT 59701 USA. RP Nimick, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3162 Bozeman Ave, Helena, MT 59601 USA. EM dnimick@usgs.gov OI Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192 NR 66 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 373 IS 1 BP 344 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.11.008 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 137XK UT WOS:000244326100031 PM 17175006 ER PT J AU Thompson, EM Baise, LG Kayen, RE AF Thompson, Eric M. Baise, Laurie G. Kayen, Robert E. TI Spatial correlation of shear-wave velocity in the San Francisco Bay Area sediments SO SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE site response; geohazards; geostatistics; hazard mapping; SCPT; SASW; shear-wave velocity ID GROUND MOTION; SITE CLASSES; EARTHQUAKE; MODELS AB Ground motions recorded within sedimentary basins are variable over short distances. One important cause of the variability is that local soil properties are variable at all scales. Regional hazard maps developed for predicting site effects are generally derived from maps of surficial geology; however, recent studies have shown that mapped geologic units do not correlate well with the average shear-wave velocity of the upper 30 m, V-s(30). We model the horizontal variability of near-surface soil shear-wave velocity in the San Francisco Bay Area to estimate values in unsampled locations in order to account for site effects in a continuous manner. Previous geostatistical studies of soil properties have shown horizontal correlations at the scale of meters to tens of meters while the vertical correlations are on the order of centimeters. In this paper we analyze shear-wave velocity data over regional distances and find that surface shear-wave velocity is correlated at horizontal distances up to 4 km based on data from seismic cone penetration tests and the spectral analysis of surface waves. We propose a method to map site effects by using geostatistical methods based on the shear-wave velocity correlation structure within a sedimentary basin. If used in conjunction with densely spaced shear-wave velocity profiles in regions of high seismic risk, geostatistical methods can produce reliable continuous maps of site effects. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Thompson, EM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 200 Coll Ave, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM eric.thompson@tufts.edu RI Thompson, Eric/E-6895-2010; Baise, Laurie/D-1648-2010 OI Thompson, Eric/0000-0002-6943-4806; NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-7261 J9 SOIL DYN EARTHQ ENG JI Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 144 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.soildyn.2006.05.004 PG 9 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 112HO UT WOS:000242516700006 ER PT J AU Buckland, ST Newman, KB Fernandez, C Thomas, L Harwood, J AF Buckland, Stephen T. Newman, Ken B. Fernandez, Carmen Thomas, Len Harwood, John TI Embedding population dynamics models in inference SO STATISTICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hidden process models; filtering; Kalman filter; matrix population models; Markov chain Monte Carlo; particle filter; sequential importance sampling; state-space models ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; IMPORTANCE RESAMPLING ALGORITHM; STOCK ASSESSMENT; BAYESIAN-ESTIMATION; BOWHEAD WHALES; TIME-SERIES; AGE DATA; FRAMEWORK; ABUNDANCE; SALMON AB Increasing pressures on the environment are generating an ever-increasing need to manage animal and plant populations sustainably, and to protect and rebuild endangered populations. Effective management requires reliable mathematical models, so that the effects of management action can be predicted, and the uncertainty in these predictions quantified. These models must be able to predict the response of populations to anthropogenic change, while handling the major sources of uncertainty. We describe a simple "building block" approach to formulating discrete-time models. We show how to estimate the parameters of such models from time series of data, and how to quantify uncertainty in those estimates and in numbers of individuals of different types in populations, using computer-intensive Bayesian methods. We also discuss advantages and pitfalls of the approach, and give an example using the British grey seal population. C1 Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. Inst Espanol Oceanog, Vigo 36200, Spain. RP Buckland, ST (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. EM steve@mcs.st-and.ac.uk; Ken_Newman@fws.gov; carmen.fernandez@vi.ieo.es; len@mcs.st-and.ac.uk; jh17@st-and.ac.uk RI Buckland, Stephen/A-1998-2012; OI Thomas, Len/0000-0002-7436-067X NR 73 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 18 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI CLEVELAND PA 3163 SOMERSET DR, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0883-4237 J9 STAT SCI JI Stat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 44 EP 58 DI 10.1214/088342306000000673 PG 15 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 204IH UT WOS:000249036700006 ER PT J AU Callegary, JB Ferre, TPA Groom, RW AF Callegary, James B. Ferre, Ty P. A. Groom, R. W. TI Vertical spatial sensitivity and exploration depth of low-induction-number electromagnetic-induction instruments SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AQUIFERS; SURFACE; USA AB Vertical spatial sensitivity and effective depth of exploration ( d(e)) of low-induction-number ( LIN) instruments over a layered soil were evaluated using a complete numerical solution to Maxwell's equations. Previous studies using approximate mathematical solutions predicted a vertical spatial sensitivity for instruments operating under LIN conditions that, for a given transmitter-receiver coil separation (s), coil orientation, and transmitter frequency, should depend solely on depth below the land surface. When not operating under LIN conditions, vertical spatial sensitivity and d(e) also depend on apparent soil electrical conductivity (sigma(a)) and therefore the induction number (beta). In this new evaluation, we determined the range of sigma(a) and beta values for which the LIN conditions hold and how d(e) changes when they do not. Two-layer soil models were simulated with both horizontal ( HCP) and vertical ( VCP) coplanar coil orientations. Soil layers were given electrical conductivity values ranging from 0.1 to 200 mS m(-1). As expected, d(e) decreased as sigma(a) increased. Only the least electrically conductive soil produced the d(e) expected when operating under LIN conditions. For the VCP orientation, this was 1.6s, decreasing to 0.8s in the most electrically conductive soil. For the HCP orientation, d(e) decreased from 0.76s to 0.51s. Differences between this and previous studies are attributed to inadequate representation of skin-depth effect and scattering at interfaces between layers. When using LIN instruments to identify depth to water tables, interfaces between soil layers, and variations in salt or moisture content, it is important to consider the dependence of d(e) on sigma(a). C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. PetRos EiKon Inc, Concord, ON L4K 2K1, Canada. RP Callegary, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM jcallega@usgs.gov RI Poggio, Matteo/D-8973-2011; OI Callegary, James/0000-0003-3604-0517 NR 30 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 6 IS 1 BP 158 EP 167 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0120 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 158RM UT WOS:000245811500012 ER PT J AU Boettcher, MS Hirth, G Evans, B AF Boettcher, Margaret S. Hirth, Greg Evans, Brian TI Olivine friction at the base of oceanic seismogenic zones SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; TRANSFORM EARTHQUAKES; DEPENDENT FRICTION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ROCK FRICTION; DEFORMATION; FAULTS; STATE; MECHANISMS; PRESSURE AB [ 1] We investigate the strength and frictional behavior of olivine aggregates at temperatures and effective confining pressures similar to those at the base of the seismogenic zone on a typical ridge transform fault. Triaxial compression tests were conducted on dry olivine powder ( grain size <= 60 mu m) at effective confining pressures between 50 and 300 MPa ( using Argon as a pore fluid), temperatures between 600 degrees C and 1000 degrees C, and axial displacement rates from 0.06 to 60 mu m/s ( axial strain rates from 3 x 10(-6) to 3 x 10(-3) s(-1)). Yielding shows a negative pressure dependence, consistent with predictions for shear enhanced compaction and with the observation that samples exhibit compaction during the initial stages of the experiments. A combination of mechanical data and microstructural observations demonstrate that deformation was accommodated by frictional processes. Sample strengths were pressure-dependent and nearly independent of temperature. Localized shear zones formed in initially homogeneous aggregates early in the experiments. The frictional response to changes in loading rate is well described by rate and state constitutive laws, with a transition from velocity-weakening to velocity-strengthening at 1000 degrees C. Microstructural observations and physical models indicate that plastic yielding of asperities at high temperatures and low axial strain rates stabilizes frictional sliding. Extrapolation of our experimental data to geologic strain rates indicates that a transition from velocity weakening to velocity strengthening occurs at approximately 600 degrees C, consistent with the focal depths of earthquakes in the oceanic lithosphere. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Boettcher, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mboettcher@usgs.gov; ghirth@whoi.edu; brievans@mit.edu NR 47 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 31 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B1 AR B01205 DI 10.1029/2006JB004301 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 133VR UT WOS:000244042500001 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Thill, RE Leslie, DM AF Perry, Roger W. Thill, Ronald E. Leslie, David M., Jr. TI Selection of roosting habitat by forest bats in a diverse forested landscape SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arkansas; habitat selection; Eptesicus fuscus; Lasiurus; Myotis septentrionalis; Nycticeius humeralis; Pipistrellus subflavus; roost selection; timber; harvest ID CLASSIFICATION-BASED ANALYSES; PIPISTRELLUS-PIPISTRELLUS; RED BATS; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; LASIURUS-BOREALIS; DIURNAL ROOSTS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; MISSISSIPPI; DISTURBANCE; CALIFORNIA AB Many studies of roost selection by forest-dwelling bats have concentrated on microhabitat surrounding roosts without providing forest stand-level preferences of bats; thus, those studies have provided only part of the information needed by managers. We evaluated diurnal summer roost selection by the bat community at the forest-stand level in a diversely forested landscape in the Ouachita Mountains of central Arkansas. Over a 6-year period, we evaluated 428 roost locations for 162 individual bats of 6 species. Using Euclidean distance analysis and individual bat as the experimental unit, all 6 species were selective (P < 0.05) in their choice of roosting habitat. Five of six species preferred (P < 0.05) to roost in or near mature (>= 50 years old), mixed pine-hardwood forest that had undergone recent partial harvest, midstory removal, and burning; 41.3% of roosts were located in that habitat but it comprised an average of only 22.8% of available habitat. Five of six species also preferred older (>= 100 years old), relatively unmanaged, mixed pine-hardwood forest. Although 19.9% of roosts from all species were located in 50- to 99-year-old, second-growth forests of mixed pine-hardwood (average of 21.0% of available habitat), that habitat was preferred by no species of bat. In partially harvested stands, unharvested buffer strips (greenbelts) surrounding ephemeral streams were used at differing levels by each species; most (90%) eastern pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus) roosts were in greenbelts whereas few (2.7%) Seminole bat (Lasiurus seminolus) roosts were in greenbelts. Older forests, thinned mature forests with reduced midstories, and greenbelts retained in harvested areas were all important roosting habitats for the bat community in the Ouachita Mountains. Our results demonstrate the importance of open forest conditions and a diversity of stand types to bat communities of the southeastern U.S. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 1270, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. EM rperry03@fs.fed.us NR 56 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 238 IS 1-3 BP 156 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.10.008 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 129WV UT WOS:000243761700013 ER PT J AU Du, XJ Guo, QF Gao, XM Ma, KP AF Du, Xiaojun Guo, Qinfeng Gao, Xianming Ma, Keping TI Seed rain, soil seed bank, seed loss and regeneration of Castanopsis fargesii (Fagaceae) in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE mast seeding; predator satiation; seed bank; subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest ID QUERCUS-LIAOTUNGENSIS ACORNS; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; PREDATOR SATIATION; OLD FIELDS; DISPERSAL; TREE; RECRUITMENT; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; RODENTS AB Understanding the seed rain and seed loss dynamics in the natural condition has important significance for revealing the natural regeneration mechanisms. We conducted a 3-year field observation on seed rain, seed loss and natural regeneration of Castanopsis fargesii Franch., a dominant tree species in evergreen broad-leaved forests in Dujiangyan, southwestern China. The results showed that: (1) there were marked differences in (mature) seed production between mast (733,700 seeds in 2001) and regular (51,200 and 195,600 seeds in 2002 and 2003, respectively) years for C fargesii. (2) Most seeds were dispersed in leaf litter, humus and 0-2 cm depth soil in seed bank. (3) Frequency distributions of both DBH and height indicated that C. fargesii had a relatively stable population. (4) Seed rain, seed ground density, seed loss, and leaf fall were highly dynamic and certain quantity of seeds were preserved on the ground for a prolonged time due to predator satiation in both the mast and regular years so that the continuous presence of seed bank and seedling recruitments in situ became possible. Both longer time observations and manipulative experiments should be carried out to better understand the roles of seed dispersal and regeneration process in the ecosystem performance. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Lab Quantitat Vegetat Ecol, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Ma, KP (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Lab Quantitat Vegetat Ecol, 20 Nanxincun, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. EM makp@brim.ac.cn NR 52 TC 19 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 238 IS 1-3 BP 212 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.10.018 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 129WV UT WOS:000243761700018 ER PT J AU Wilcox, AC Wohl, EE AF Wilcox, Andrew C. Wohl, Ellen E. TI Field measurements of three-dimensional hydraulics in a step-pool channel SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 101st Annual Meeting of the Association-of-American-Geographers CY APR 05-09, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Assoc Amer Geographers DE velocity; step-pool channel; turbulence intensity; acoustic Doppler velocimeter; FlowTracker ID LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; GRAVEL-BED RIVER; DEPTH-LIMITED FLOW; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; TURBULENCE STRUCTURE; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; WESTERN CASCADES; ADV MEASUREMENTS; ROUGH CHANNELS; SAND-BED AB We investigated the effects of morphologic position and discharge on flow structure in a steep (0.10 m/m) mountain channel by collecting three-dimensional measurements of time-averaged and turbulent velocity components with a SonTek FlowTracker Handheld ADV (acoustic Doppler velocimeter) on a 30-m reach of a step-pool channel in the Colorado Rockies. Velocity profiles were measured at morphologic positions characteristic of steep channels (above steps, step lips, base of steps, pools, cascades, runs), and at five different discharges. A marked three-dimensionality of flow structure was documented in East St. Louis Creek. Velocities in the streamwise component were the largest contributors to overall velocity vector magnitudes; cross-stream and vertical components contributed averages of 20% and 15%, respectively, to overall vector magnitudes. Turbulence intensities were especially multi-dimensional, however, with large contributions to turbulent kinetic energy from the vertical component of velocity. Analysis of variance indicated that discharge and morphologic position significantly affected mean streamwise velocities, with substantially higher velocities upstream from steps than in pools. Discharge and morphology effects on cross-stream and vertical velocity components, however, were not significant. Discharge and morphologic position also significantly affected turbulence intensities for all flow components, with the greatest turbulence intensities occurring in pools and at high discharges. These results illustrate the strong discharge-dependence of hydraulics in step-pool channels, where relative submergence of bedforms changes rapidly with discharge, and the substantial spatial variation in hydraulics created by step-pool sequences. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wilcox, Andrew C.; Wohl, Ellen E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wilcox, AC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80403 USA. EM awilcox@usgs.gov OI Wilcox, Andrew C./0000-0002-6241-8977 NR 67 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 83 IS 3-4 BP 215 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.02.017 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 244VW UT WOS:000251894400003 ER PT J AU McKenzie, JM Siegel, DI Rosenberry, DO Glaser, PH Voss, CI AF McKenzie, Jeffrey M. Siegel, Donald I. Rosenberry, Donald O. Glaser, Paul H. Voss, Clifford I. TI Heat transport in the Red Lake Bog, Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands; heat transfer; thermal conductivity; SUTRA ID NORTHERN PEATLANDS; METHANE EMISSIONS; PEAT BOG; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; NATURAL WETLANDS; GROUNDWATER; TEMPERATURE; MINNESOTA; CLIMATE; FLUX AB We report the results of an investigation on the processes controlling heat transport in peat under a large bog in the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands. For 2 years, starting in July 1998, we recorded temperature at 12 depth intervals from 0 to 400 cm within a vertical peat profile at the crest of the bog at sub-daily intervals. We also recorded air temperature I m above the peat surface. We calculate a peat thermal conductivity of 0.5 W m(-1)degrees C(-1) and model vertical heat transport through the peat using the SUTRA model. The model was calibrated to the first year of data, and then evaluated against the second year of collected heat data. The model results suggest that advective pore-water flow is not necessary to transport heat within the peat profile and most of the heat is transferred by thermal conduction alone in these waterlogged soils. In the spring season, a zero-curtain effect controls the transport of heat through shallow depths of the peat. Changes in local climate and the resulting changes in thermal transport still may cause non-linear feedbacks in methane emissions related to the generation of methane deeper within the peat profile as regional temperatures increase. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Heroy Geol Lab 204, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP McKenzie, JM (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 3450 Univ Ave, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. EM mckenzie@eps.mcgill.ca RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 21 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3 BP 369 EP 378 DI 10.1002/hyp.6239 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 134HN UT WOS:000244074200008 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Wylie, B Loveland, T Fosnight, E Tieszen, LL Ji, L Gilmanov, T AF Zhang, Li Wylie, Bruce Loveland, Thomas Fosnight, Eugene Tieszen, Larry L. Ji, Lei Gilmanov, Tagir TI Evaluation and comparison of gross primary production estimates for the Northern Great Plains grasslands SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon flux; decision tree; grassland; gross primary production (GPP); MODIS GPP; model comparison; Northern Great Plains ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MODIS; TERRESTRIAL PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; CO2 FLUX; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; EDDY-COVARIANCE; WATER-VAPOR; SATELLITE; FOREST AB Two spatially-explicit estimates of gross primary production (GPP) are available for the Northern Great Plains. An empirical piecewise regression (PWR) GPP model was developed from flux tower measurements to map carbon flux across the region. The Moderate Resolution Imaging spectrometer (MODIS) GPP model is a process-based model that uses flux tower data to calibrate its parameters. Verification and comparison of the regional PWR GPP and the global MODIS GPP are important for the modeling of grassland carbon flux. This study compared GPP estimates from PWR and MODIS models with five towers in the grasslands. Among them, PWR GPP and MODIS GPP showed a good agreement with tower-based GPP at three towers. The global MODIS GPP, however, did not agree well with tower-based GPP at two other towers, probably because of the insensitivity of MODIS model to regional ecosystem and climate change and extreme soil moisture conditions. Cross-validation indicated that the PWR model is relatively robust for predicting regional grassland GPP. However, the MYR model should include a wide variety of flux tower data as the training data sets to obtain more accurate results. In addition, GPP maps based on the PWR and MODIS models were compared for the entire region. In the northwest and south, PWR GPP was much higher than MODIS GPP. These areas were characterized by the higher water holding capacity with a lower proportion of C(4) grasses in the northwest and a higher proportion Of C4 grasses in the south. In the central and southeastern regions, PWR GPP was much lower than MODIS GPP under complicated conditions with generally mixed C(3)/C(4) grasses. The analysis indicated that the global MODIS GPP model has some limitations on detecting moisture stress, which may have been caused by the facts that C(3) and C(4) grasses are not distinguished, water stress is driven by vapor pressure deficit (VPD) from coarse meteorological data, and MODIS land cover data are unable to differentiate the sub-pixel cropland components. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, SAIC, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. USGS, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SAIC, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM lizhang@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014 OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 NR 55 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 106 IS 2 BP 173 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.08.012 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 129AT UT WOS:000243701500004 ER PT J AU Marquez, LM Redman, RS Rodriguez, RJ Roossinck, MJ AF Marquez, Luis M. Redman, Regina S. Rodriguez, Russell J. Roossinck, Marilyn J. TI A virus in a fungus in a plant: Three-way symbiosis required for thermal tolerance SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; HYPOVIRULENCE; DISRUPTION; CONVERSION; VIRULENCE AB A mutualistic association between a fungal endophyte and a tropical panic grass allows both organisms to grow at high soil temperatures. We characterized a virus from this fungus that is involved in the mutualistic interaction. Fungal isolates cured of the virus are unable to confer heat tolerance, but heat tolerance is restored after the virus is reintroduced. The virus-infected fungus confers heat tolerance not only to its native monocot host but also to a eudicot host, which suggests that the underlying mechanism involves pathways conserved between these two groups of plants. C1 Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73402 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Bot, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Roossinck, MJ (reprint author), Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, POB 2180, Ardmore, OK 73402 USA. EM mroossinck@noble.org NR 16 TC 264 Z9 290 U1 22 U2 168 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 26 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5811 BP 513 EP 515 DI 10.1126/science.1136237 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 129JU UT WOS:000243726600046 PM 17255511 ER PT J AU Hartman, MD Baron, JS Ojima, DS AF Hartman, Melannie D. Baron, Jill S. Ojima, Dennis S. TI Application of a coupled ecosystem-chemical equilibrium model, DayCent-Chem, to stream and soil chemistry in a Rocky Mountain watershed SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE ecosystem modelling; alpine; subalpine; stream chemistry; nitrogen; acid neutralizing capacity ID NITROGEN DEPOSITION; ENGELMANN SPRUCE; ACID DEPOSITION; NATIONAL-PARK; FRONT RANGE; LOCH-VALE; COLORADO; FOREST; BASIN; RESPONSES AB Atmospheric deposition of sulfur and nitrogen species have the potential to acidify terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, but nitrate and ammonium are also critical nutrients for plant and microbial productivity. Both the ecological response and the hydrochemical response to atmospheric deposition are of interest to regulatory and land management agencies. We developed a non-spatial biogeochemical model to simulate soil and surface water chemistry by linking the daily version of the CENTURY ecosystem model (DayCent) with a low temperature aqueous geochemical model, PHREEQC. The coupled model, DayCent-Chem, simulates the daily dynamics of plant production, soil organic matter, cation exchange, mineral weathering, elution, stream discharge, and solute concentrations in soil water and stream flow. By aerially weighting the contributions of separate bedrock/talus and tundra simulations, the model was able to replicate the measured seasonal and annual stream chemistry for most solutes for Andrews Creek in Loch Vale watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park. Simulated soil chemistry, net primary production, live biomass, and soil organic matter for forest and tundra matched well with measurements. This model is appropriate for accurately describing ecosystem and surface water chemical response to atmospheric deposition and climate change. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hartman, MD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM melannie@nrel.colostate.edu; jill@nrel.colostate.edu; dennis@nrel.colostate.edu RI Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016; Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251; NR 59 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 24 PY 2007 VL 200 IS 3-4 BP 493 EP 510 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.09.001 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 127QJ UT WOS:000243601100019 ER PT J AU Fonseca, MS Koehl, MAR Kopp, BS AF Fonseca, Mark S. Koehl, M. A. R. Kopp, Blaine S. TI Biomechanical factors contributing to self-organization in seagrass landscapes SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE currents; drag; environmental safety factor; flow; landscape pattern; light; seagrass; self-organization; waves ID ZOSTERA-MARINA L; NORTH-CAROLINA; EELGRASS BEDS; WATER-FLOW; CANOPIES; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; HYDRODYNAMICS; CONSEQUENCES AB Field observations have revealed that when water flow is consistently from one direction, seagrass shoots align in rows perpendicular to the primary axis of flow direction. in this study, live Zostera marina shoots were arranged either randomly or in rows perpendicular to the flow direction and tested in a seawater flume under unidirectional flow and waves to determine if shoot arrangement: a) influenced flow-induced force on individual shoots, b) differentially altered water flow through the canopy, and c) influenced light interception by the canopy. In addition, blade breaking strength was compared with flow-induced force to determine if changes in shoot arrangement might reduce the potential for damage to shoots. Under unidirectional flow, both current velocity in the canopy and force on shoots were significantly decreased when shoots were arranged in rows as compared to randomly. However, force on shoots was nearly constant with downstream distance, arising from the trade-off of shoot bending and in-canopy flow reduction. The coefficient of drag was higher for randomly-arranged shoots at low velocities (< 30 cm s(-1)) but converged rapidly among the two shoot arrangements at higher velocities. Shoots arranged in rows tended to intercept slightly more light than those arranged randomly. Effects of shoot arrangement under waves were less clear, potentially because we did not achieve the proper plant size-row spacing ratio. At this point, we may only suggest that water motion, as opposed to light capture, is the dominant physical mechanism responsible for these shoot arrangements. Following a computation of the Environmental Stress Factor, we concluded that even photosynthetically active blades may be damaged or broken under frequently encountered storm conditions, irrespective of shoot arrangement. We hypothesize that when flow is generally from one direction, seagrass bed patterns over multiple scales of consideration may arise as a cumulative effect of individual shoot self-organization driven by reduced force and drag on the shoots and somewhat improved light capture. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Fonseca, MS (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM mark.fonseca@noaa.gov NR 67 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JAN 23 PY 2007 VL 340 IS 2 BP 227 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2006.09.015 PG 20 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 127AU UT WOS:000243557900010 ER PT J AU Scott, D Harvey, J Alexander, R Schwarz, G AF Scott, Durelle Harvey, Judson Alexander, Richard Schwarz, Gregory TI Dominance of organic nitrogen from headwater streams to large rivers across the conterminous United States SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WATER-QUALITY; FRESH-WATER; BIOAVAILABILITY; USA; DENITRIFICATION; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS; HYPOXIA; EXPORT AB [1] The frequency and magnitude of hypoxic areas in coastal waterbodies are increasing across the globe, partially in response to the increase in nitrogen delivery from the landscape (Diaz, 2001; Rabalais et al., 2002). Although studies of annual total nitrogen and nitrate yields have greatly improved understanding of the contaminant sources that contribute to riverine nitrogen loads (Alexander et al., 2000; Caraco and Cole, 1999), the emphasis of these studies on annual timescales and selected nitrogen forms is not sufficient to understand the factors that control the cycling, transport, and fate of reactive nitrogen. Here we use data from 850 river stations to calculate long-term mean-annual and interannual loads of organic, ammonia, and nitrate-nitrite nitrogen suitable for spatial analysis. We find that organic nitrogen is the dominant nitrogen pool within rivers across most of the United States and is significant even in basins with high anthropogenic sources of nitrogen. Downstream organic nitrogen patterns illustrate that organic nitrogen is an abundant fraction of the nitrogen loads in all regions. Although the longitudinal patterns are not consistent across regions, these patterns are suggestive of cycling between ON and NO3- on seasonal timescales influenced by land use, stream morphology, and riparian connectivity with active floodplains. Future regional studies need to incorporate multinitrogen species at intraannual timescales, as well as stream characteristics beyond channel depth, to elucidate the roles of nitrogen sources and in-stream transformations on the fate and reactivity of riverine nitrogen transported to coastal seas. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Scott, D (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM dtscott@unl.edu RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JAN 18 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 AR GB1003 DI 10.1029/2006GB002730 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 131DT UT WOS:000243849100001 ER PT J AU Thatcher, W AF Thatcher, Wayne TI Microplate model for the present-day deformation of Tibet SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE TECTONIC DEFORMATION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LOWER CRUSTAL FLOW; CONTINENTAL COLLISION; GPS MEASUREMENTS; PLATE BOUNDARY; SOUTHERN TIBET; SPACE GEODESY; SLIP RATES; ASIA AB [1] Site velocities from 349 Global Positioning System (GPS) stations are used to construct an 11-element quasi-rigid block model of the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings. Rigid rotations of five major blocks are well determined, and average translation velocities of six smaller blocks can be constrained. Where data are well distributed the velocity field can be explained well by rigid block motion and fault slip across block boundaries. Residual misfits average 1.6 mm/yr compared to typical one standard deviation velocity uncertainties of 1.3 mm/yr. Any residual internal straining of the blocks is small and heterogeneous. However, residual substructure might well represent currently unresolved motions of smaller blocks. Although any smaller blocks must move at nearly the same rate as the larger blocks within which they lie, undetected relative motions between them could be significant, particularly where there are gaps in GPS coverage. Predicted relative motions between major blocks agree with the observed sense of slip and along-strike partitioning of motion across major faults. However, predicted slip rates across Tibet's major strike-slip faults are low, only 5-12 mm/yr, a factor of 2-3 smaller than most rates estimated from fault offset features dated by radiometric methods as similar to 2000 to similar to 100,000 year old. Previous work has suggested that both GPS data and low fault slip rates are incompatible with rigid block motions of Tibet. The results reported here overcome these objections. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Thatcher, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM thatcher@usgs.gov NR 62 TC 128 Z9 140 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 17 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B1 AR B01401 DI 10.1029/2005JB004244 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 131EL UT WOS:000243850900003 ER PT J AU John, R Dalling, JW Harms, KE Yavitt, JB Stallard, RF Mirabello, M Hubbell, SP Valencia, R Navarrete, H Vallejo, M Foster, RB AF John, Robert Dalling, James W. Harms, Kyle E. Yavitt, Joseph B. Stallard, Robert F. Mirabello, Matthew Hubbell, Stephen P. Valencia, Renato Navarrete, Hugo Vallejo, Martha Foster, Robin B. TI Soil nutrients influence spatial distributions of tropical tree species SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE community assembly; niche differentiation; tropical forest ID RAIN-FOREST TREES; HABITAT SPECIALIZATION; DEPENDENT RECRUITMENT; ECUADORIAN AMAZONIA; DIPTEROCARP FOREST; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; EDAPHIC FACTORS; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY AB The importance of niche vs. neutral assembly mechanisms in structuring tropical tree communities remains an important unsettled question in community ecology [Bell G (2005) Ecology 86:17571770]. There is ample evidence that species distributions are determined by soils and habitat factors at landscape (< 10(4) km(2)) and regional scales. At local scales (< 1 km(2)), however, habitat factors and species distributions show comparable spatial aggregation, making it difficult to disentangle the importance of niche and dispersal processes. In this article, we test soil resource-based niche assembly at a local scale, using species and soil nutrient distributions obtained at high spatial resolution in three diverse neotropical forest plots in Colombia (La Planada), Ecuador (Yasuni), and Panama (Barro Colorado Island). Using spatial distribution maps of > 0.5 million individual trees of 1,400 species and 10 essential plant nutrients, we used Monte Carlo simulations of species distributions to test plant-soil associations against null expectations based on dispersal assembly. We found that the spatial distributions of 36-51% of tree species at these sites show strong associations to soil nutrient distributions. Neutral dispersal assembly cannot account for these plant-soil associations or the observed niche breadths of these species. These results indicate that belowground resource availability plays an important role in the assembly of tropical tree communities at local scales and provide the basis for future investigations on the mechanisms of resource competition among tropical tree species. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Pontifical Catolic Univ Ecuador, Dept Biol Sci, Quito, Ecuador. Inst Alexander Von Humboldt, Bogota, Colombia. Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. RP Dalling, JW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, 505 Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM dallingj@life.uiuc.edu RI Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013 OI Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608 NR 49 TC 364 Z9 409 U1 17 U2 165 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 16 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 3 BP 864 EP 869 DI 10.1073/pnas.0604666104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 129WP UT WOS:000243761100034 PM 17215353 ER PT J AU Maruoka, T Koeberl, C Bohor, BF AF Maruoka, Teruyuki Koeberl, Christian Bohor, Bruce F. TI Carbon isotopic compositions of organic matter across continental Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary sections: Implications for paleoenvironment after the K-T impact event SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE continental Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary; impact-induced environmental perturbation; carbon isotope ratios; freshwater biological productivity; highly productivity algae ID LACUSTRINE SEDIMENTS; EASTERN MONTANA; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-MEXICO; FRACTIONATION; LAKE; NITROGEN; RECORD; DELTA-C-13 AB To assess the environmental perturbation induced by the impact event that marks the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary, concentrations and isotopic compositions of bulk organic carbon were determined in sedimentary rocks that span the terrestrial K-T boundary at Dogie Creek, Montana, and Brownie Butte, Wyoming in the Western Interior of the United States. The boundary clays at both sites are not bounded by coals. Although coals consist mainly of organic matter derived from plant tissue, siliceous sedimentary rocks, such as shale and clay, may contain organic matter derived from microbiota as well as plants. Coals record delta C-13 values of plant-derived organic matter, reflecting the delta C-13 value of atmospheric CO2, whereas siliceous sedimentary rocks record the delta C-13 values of organic matter derived from plants and microbiota. The microbiota delta C-13 value reflects not only the delta C-13 value of atmospheric CO2, but also biological productivity. Therefore, the siliceous rocks from these sites yields information that differs from that obtained previously from coal beds. Across the freshwater K-T boundary at Brownie Butte, the delta C-13 values decrease by 2.6 parts per thousand (from -26.15 parts per thousand below the boundary clay to -28.78 parts per thousand above the boundary clay), similar to the trend in carbonate at marine K-T sites. This means that the organic delta C-13 values reflect the variation of delta C-13 of atmospheric CO2, which is in equilibrium with carbon isotopes at the ocean surface. Although a decrease in delta C-13 values is observed across the K-T boundary at Dogie Creek (from -25.32 parts per thousand below the boundary clay to -26.11 parts per thousand above the boundary clay), the degree of delta C-13-decrease at Dogie Creek is smaller than that at Brownie Butte and that for marine carbonate. About 2 parts per thousand decrease in delta C-13 of atmospheric CO2 was expected from the delta C-13 variation of marine carbonate at the K-T boundary. This delta C-13-decrease of atmospheric CO2 should affect the delta C-13 values of organic matter derived from plant tissue. As such a decrease in delta C-13 value was not observed at Dogie Creek, a process that compensates the delta C-13-decrease of atmospheric CO2 should be involved. For example, the enhanced contribution of C-13-enriched organic matter derived from algae in a high-productivity environment could be responsible. The delta C-13 values of algal organic matter become higher than, and thus distinguishable from, those of plant organic matter in situations with high productivity, where dissolved HCO3- becomes an important carbon source, as well as dissolved CO2. As the delta C-13-decrease of atmospheric CO2 reflected a reduction of marine productivity, the compensation of the delta C-13 decrease by the enhanced activity of the terrestrial microbiota means that the microbiota. at freshwater environment recovered more rapidly than those in the marine environment. A distinct positive delta C-13 excursion of 2 parts per thousand in the K-T boundary clays is superimposed on the overall decreasing trend at Dogie Creek; this coincides with an increase in the content of organic carbon. We conclude that the K-T boundary clays include C-13-enriched organic matter derived from highly productive algae. Such a high biological productivity was induced by phenomena resulting from the K-T impact, such as nitrogen fertilization and/or eutrophication induced by enhanced sulfide formation. The high productivity recorded in the K-T boundary clays means that the freshwater environments (in contrast to marine environments) recovered rapidly enough to almost immediately (within 10 yr) respond to the impact-related environmental perturbations. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vienna, Dept Geol Sci, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Maruoka, T (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Div Integrat Environm Sci, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058572, Japan. EM maruoka@ies.life.tsukuba.ac.jp RI Maruoka, Teruyuki/B-3165-2014 OI Maruoka, Teruyuki/0000-0001-5142-4151 NR 79 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 253 IS 1-2 BP 226 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.10.028 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 136AK UT WOS:000244194800017 ER PT J AU Herckes, P Leenheer, JA Collett, JL AF Herckes, Pierre Leenheer, Jerry A. Collett, Jeffrey L., Jr. TI Comprehensive characterization of atmospheric organic matter in Fresno, California fog water SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMIC-LIKE SUBSTANCES; DEPENDENT CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; RADIATION FOGS; CLOUD-WATER; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; NITRATED PHENOLS; URBAN FOG; CARBON; CHEMISTRY AB Fogwater collected during winter in Fresno (CA) was characterized by isolating several distinct fractions and characterizing them by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. More than 80% of the organic matter in the fogwater was recovered and characterized. The most abundant isolated fractions were those comprised of volatile acids (24% of isolated carbon) and hydrophilic acids plus neutrals (28%). Volatile acids, including formic and acetic acid, have been previously identified as among the most abundant individual species in fogwater. Recovered hydrophobic acids exhibited some properties similar to aquatic fulvic acids. An insoluble particulate organic matter fraction contained a substantial amount of biological material, while hydrophilic and transphilic fractions also contained material suggestive of biotic origin. Together, these fractions illustrate the important contribution biological sources make to organic matter in atmospheric fog droplets. The fogwater also was notable for containing a large amount of organic nitrogen present in a variety of species, including amines, nitrate esters, peptides, and nitroso compounds. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Collett, JL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM collett@lamar.colostate.edu RI Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010; Herckes, Pierre/E-6824-2011 OI Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X; Herckes, Pierre/0000-0002-0205-3187 NR 47 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 393 EP 399 DI 10.1021/es06076988 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124RS UT WOS:000243388200014 PM 17310697 ER PT J AU Jolly, AD Moran, SC McNutt, SR Stone, DB AF Jolly, A. D. Moran, S. C. McNutt, S. R. Stone, D. B. TI Three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure derived from local earthquakes at the Katmai group of volcanoes, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Katmai eruption; seismic tomography; inversion; frequency-magnitude distribution ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; FREQUENCY-MAGNITUDE DISTRIBUTION; SPARSE LINEAR-EQUATIONS; NATIONAL-PARK; MAGMATIC SYSTEM; REDOUBT VOLCANO; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; LEAST-SQUARES; MT KATMAI; TOMOGRAPHY AB The three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure beneath the Katmai group of volcanoes is determined by inversion of more than 10,000 rays from over 1000 earthquakes recorded on a local 18 station short-period network between September 1996 and May 2001. The inversion is well constrained from sea level to about 6 km below sea level and encompasses all of the Katmai volcanoes; Martin, Mageik, Trident, Griggs, Novarupta, Snowy, and Katmai caldera. The inversion reduced the average RMS travel-time error from 0.22 s for locations from the standard one-dimensional model to 0.13 s for the best three-dimensional model. The final model, from the 6th inversion step, reveals a prominent low velocity zone (3.6-5.0 km/s) centered at Katmai Pass and extending from Mageik to Trident volcanoes. The anomaly has values about 20-25% slower than velocities outboard of the region (5.0-6.5 km/s). Moderately low velocities (4.5-6.0 km/s) are observed along the volcanic axis between Martin and Katmai Caldera. Griggs volcano, located about 10 km behind (northwest of) the volcanic axis, has unremarkable velocities (5.0-5.7 km/s) compared to non-volcanic regions. The highest velocities are observed between Snowy and Griggs volcanoes (5.5-6.5 km/s). Relocated hypocenters for the best 3-D model are shifted significantly relative to the standard model with clusters of seismicity at Martin volcano shifting systematically deeper by about 1 km to depths of 0 to 4 km below sea level. Hypocenters for the Katmai Caldera are more tightly clustered, relocating beneath the 1912 scarp walls. The relocated hypocenters allow us to compare spatial frequency-size distributions (b-values) using one-dimensional and three-dimensional models. We find that the distribution of b is significantly changed for Martin volcano, which was characterized by variable values (0.8 < b < 2.0) with standard locations and more uniform values (0.8 < b < 1.2) after relocation. Other seismic clusters at Mageik (1.2 < b < 2.2), Trident (0.5 < b < 1.5) and Katmai Caldera (0.8 < b < 1.8) had stable b-values indicating the robustness of the observations. The strong high b-value region at Mageik volcano is mainly associated with an earthquake swarm in October, 1996 that possibly indicates a shallow intrusion or influx of gas. The new velocity and spatial b-value results, in conjunction with prior gravity (Bouguer anomalies up to -40 mgal) and interferometry (several cm uplift) data, provide strong evidence in favor of partially molten rock at shallow depths beneath the Mageik-Katmai-Novarupta region. Moderately low velocities beneath Martin and Katmai suggest that old, mostly solidified intrusions exist beneath these volcanoes. Higher relative velocities beneath the Griggs and Snowy vents suggest that no magma is resident in the shallow crust beneath these volcanoes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. Univ Hawaii, Div Nat Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Jolly, AD (reprint author), Wairakei Res Ctr, GNS Sci, Private Bag 2000, Taupo, New Zealand. EM a.jolly@gns.cri.nz NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 159 IS 4 BP 326 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.06.022 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 130TW UT WOS:000243822900002 ER PT J AU Ji, L Peters, AJ AF Ji, Lei Peters, Albert J. TI Performance evaluation of spectral vegetation indices using a statistical sensitivity function SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE vegetation index; biophysical parameter; sensitivity function; regression ID DYNAMIC-RANGE VEGETATION; EOS-MODIS; GLOBAL VEGETATION; ALGORITHMS; LAI AB A great number of spectral vegetation indices (VIls) have been developed to estimate biophysical parameters of vegetation. Traditional techniques for evaluating the performance of VIs are regress ion-based statistics, such as the coefficient of determination and root mean square error. These statistics, however, are not capable of quantifying the detailed relationship between VIs and biophysical parameters because the sensitivity of a VI is usually a function of the biophysical parameter instead of a constant. To better quantify this relationship, we developed a "sensitivity function" for measuring the sensitivity of a VI to biophysical parameters. The sensitivity function is defined as the first derivative of the regression function, divided by the standard error of the dependent variable prediction. The function elucidates the change in sensitivity over the range of the biophysical parameter. The Student's t- or z-statistic can be used to test the significance of VI sensitivity. Additionally, we developed a "relative sensitivity function" that compares the sensitivities of two VIs when the biophysical parameters are unavailable. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, USGS Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Univ Nebraska, CALMIT, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Ji, L (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, USGS Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM lji@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 106 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.07.010 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 129AQ UT WOS:000243701200005 ER PT J AU Schulz, WH AF Schulz, William H. TI Landslide susceptibility revealed by LIDAR imagery and historical records, Seattle, Washington SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE landslide; LIDAR; geomorphology; Seattle; Washington; coastal bluff; historical records ID FAULT AB Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) data were used to visually map landslides, headscarps, and denuded slopes in Seattle, Washington. Four times more landslides were mapped than by previous efforts that used aerial photographs. The mapped landforms (landslides, headscarps, and denuded slopes) were created by many individual landslides. The spatial distribution of mapped landforms and 1308 historical landslides show that historical landslide activity has been concentrated on the mapped landforms, and that most of the landslide activity that created the landforms was prehistoric. Thus, the spatial densities of historical landslides on the landforms provide approximations of the landforms' relative susceptibilities to future landsliding. Historical landslide characteristics appear to be closely related to landform type so relative susceptibilities were determined for landslides with various characteristics. No strong relations were identified between stratigraphy and landslide occurrence; however, landslide characteristics and slope morphology appear to be related to stratigraphic conditions. Human activity is responsible for causing about 80% of historical Seattle landslides. The distribution of mapped landforms and human-caused landslides suggests the probable characteristics of future human-caused landslides on each of the landforms. The distribution of mapped landforms and historical landslides suggests that erosion of slope-toes by surface water has been a necessary condition for causing Seattle landslides. Human activity has largely arrested this erosion, which implies that landslide activity will decrease with time as hillsides naturally stabilize. However, evaluation of glacial-age analogs of areas of recent slope-toe erosion suggests that landslide activity in Seattle will continue for the foreseeable future. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Schulz, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS-966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM wschulz@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 74 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 89 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.09.019 PG 21 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 131DC UT WOS:000243847400005 ER PT J AU Ferraz, G Nichols, JD Hines, JE Stouffer, PC Bierregaard, RO Lovejoy, TE AF Ferraz, Goncalo Nichols, James D. Hines, James E. Stouffer, Philip C. Bierregaard, Richard O., Jr. Lovejoy, Thomas E. TI A large-scale deforestation experiment: Effects of patch area and isolation on Amazon birds SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FOREST FRAGMENTS; EXTINCTION AB As compared with extensive contiguous areas, small isolated habitat patches lack many species. Some species disappear after isolation; others are rarely found in any small patch, regardless of isolation. We used a 13-year data set of bird captures from a large landscape-manipulation experiment in a Brazilian Amazon forest to model the extinction-colonization dynamics of 55 species and tested basic predictions of island biogeography and metapopulation theory. From our models, we derived two metrics of species vulnerability to changes in isolation and patch area. We found a strong effect of area and a variable effect of isolation on the predicted patch occupancy by birds. C1 Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. H John Heinz III Ctr Sci Econ Environm, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Ferraz, G (reprint author), Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EM gferraz@inpa.gov.br RI Ferraz, Goncalo/C-3860-2008 OI Ferraz, Goncalo/0000-0001-8748-0462 NR 16 TC 148 Z9 150 U1 10 U2 95 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5809 BP 238 EP 241 DI 10.1126/science.1133097 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 124XZ UT WOS:000243407400046 PM 17218527 ER PT J AU McCarthy, AM Bales, JD Cope, WG Shea, D AF McCarthy, Annette M. Bales, Jerad D. Cope, W. Gregory Shea, Damian TI Modeling pesticide fate in a small tidal estuary SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE pesticide; atrazine; metolachlor; EXAMS; modeling; water quality; estuaries ID MARINE ECOSYSTEM MODELS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; WATER-QUALITY; ECOLOGICAL CONDITION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; GLEAMS MODEL; TRANSPORT; ATRAZINE; METOLACHLOR; RUNOFF AB The exposure analysis modeling system (EXAMS), a pesticide fate model developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, was modified to model the fate of the herbicides atrazine and metolachlor in a small tidally dominated estuary (Bath Creek) in North Carolina, USA where freshwater inflow accounts for only 3% of the total flow. The modifications simulated the changes that occur during the tidal cycle in the estuary, scenarios that are not possible with the original EXAMS model. TWO models were created within EXAMS, a steady-state model and a time-variant tidally driven model. The steady-state model accounted for tidal flushing by simply altering freshwater input to yield an estuary residence time equal to that measured in Bath Creek. The tidal EXAMS model explicitly incorporated tidal flushing by modifying the EXAMS code to allow for temporal changes in estuary physical attributes (e.g., volume). The models were validated with empirical measurements of atrazine and metolachlor concentrations in the estuary shortly after herbicide application in nearby fields and immediately following a rain event. Both models provided excellent agreement with measured concentrations. The steady-state EXAMS model accurately predicted atrazine concentrations in the middle of the estuary over the first 3 days and under-predicted metolachlor by a factor of 2-3. The time-variant, tidally driven EXAMS model accurately predicted the rise and plateau of both herbicides over the 6-day measurement period. We have demonstrated the ability of these modified EXAMS models to be useful in predicting pesticide fate and exposure in small tidal estuaries. This is a significant improvement and expansion of the application of EXAMS, and given the wide use of EXAMS for surface water quality modeling by both researchers and regulators and the ability of EXAMS to interface with terrestrial models (e.g., pesticide root zone model) and bioaccumulation models, we now have an easily-accessible and widely accepted means of modeling chemical fate in estuaries. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Geol Survey, N Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Cope, WG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM greg_cope@ncsu.edu NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 200 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.07.013 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 127QG UT WOS:000243600800013 ER PT J AU Williams, BK AF Williams, Byron K. TI Optimal management of non-Markovian biological populations SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE maximum principle; non-Markovian; optimal control; population dynamics; predator-prey ID TIME-LAG; ADAPTIVE OPTIMIZATION; WATERFOWL HARVESTS; UNCERTAINTY; MODELS AB Wildlife populations typically are described by Markovian models, with population dynamics influenced at each point in time by current but not previous population levels. Considerable work has been done on identifying optimal management strategies under the Markovian assumption. In this paper we generalize this work to non-Markovian systems, for which population responses to management are influenced by lagged as well as current status and/or controls. We use the maximum principle of optimal control theory to derive conditions for the optimal management such a system, and illustrate the effects of lags on the structure of optimal habitat strategies for a predator-prey system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Unit, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Williams, BK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Unit, 12202 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM byron_ken_williams@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 200 IS 1-2 BP 234 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.07.039 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 127QG UT WOS:000243600800023 ER PT J AU Byrnes, JM Ramsey, MS King, PL Lee, RJ AF Byrnes, Jeffrey M. Ramsey, Michael S. King, Penelope L. Lee, Rachel J. TI Thermal infrared reflectance and emission spectroscopy of quartzofeldspathic glasses SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLAGIOCLASE FELDSPARS; AQUEOUS ALTERATION; SPECTRAL EVIDENCE; GLACIAL ACTIVITY; KILAUEA VOLCANO; FLOW-FIELD; MARS; SURFACE; MINERALS; SPECTROMETER AB This investigation seeks to better understand the thermal infrared (TIR) spectral characteristics of naturally-occurring amorphous materials through laboratory synthesis and analysis of glasses. Because spectra of glass phases differ markedly from their mineral counterparts, examination of glasses is important to accurately determine the composition of amorphous surface materials using remote sensing datasets. Quantitatively characterizing TIR (5-25 mm) spectral changes that accompany structural changes between glasses and mineral crystals provides the means to understand natural glasses on Earth and Mars. A suite of glasses with compositions analogous to common terrestrial volcanic glasses was created and analyzed using TIR reflectance and emission techniques. Documented spectral characteristics provide a basis for comparison with TIR spectra of other amorphous materials (glasses, clays, etc.). Our results provide the means to better detect and characterize glasses associated with terrestrial volcanoes, as well as contribute toward understanding the nature of amorphous silicates detected on Mars. C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 587, Canada. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Byrnes, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jmbyrnes@usgs.gov RI Ramsey, Michael/D-9183-2013; King, Penelope/A-1791-2011 OI King, Penelope/0000-0002-8364-9168 NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1 AR L01306 DI 10.1029/2006GL027893 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 126QG UT WOS:000243528900005 ER PT J AU Elam, DR Ridley, CE Goodell, K Ellstrandt, NC AF Elam, Diane R. Ridley, Caroline E. Goodell, Karen Ellstrandt, Norman C. TI Population size and relatedness affect fitness of a self-incompatible invasive plant SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE allee effect; colonization; invasiveness; Raphanus sativus; self-incompatibility ID PETAL COLOR VARIANTS; RAPHANUS-SATIVUS; WILD RADISH; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; MULTIPLE PATERNITY; POLLEN LIMITATION; ALLEE; EXTINCTION; EVOLUTION AB One of the lingering paradoxes in invasion biology is how founder populations of an introduced species are able to overcome the limitations of small size and, in a "reversal of fortune," proliferate in a new habitat. The transition from colonist to invader is especially enigmatic for self-incompatible species, which must find a mate to reproduce. In small populations, the inability to find a mate can result in the Allee effect, a positive relationship between individual fitness and population size or density. Theoretically, the Allee effect should be common in founder populations of self-incompatible colonizing species and may account for the high rate of failed introductions, but little supporting evidence exists. We created a field experiment to test whether the Allee effect affects the maternal fitness of a self-incompatible invasive species, wild radish (Raphanus sativus). We created populations of varying size and relatedness. We measured maternal fitness in terms of both fruit set per flower and seed number per fruit. We found that both population size and the level of genetic relatedness among individuals influence maternal reproductive success. Our results explicitly define an ecological genetic obstacle faced by populations of an exotic species on its way to becoming invasive. Such a mechanistic understanding of the invasions of species that require a mate can and should be exploited for both controlling current outbreaks and reducing their frequency in the future. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Calif Nevada Operat Off, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Newark, OH 43055 USA. RP Elam, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM ellstrand@ucr.edu NR 29 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 36 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 9 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 2 BP 549 EP 552 DI 10.1073/pnas.0607306104 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 125MG UT WOS:000243445400028 PM 17197422 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JC Nielson, SK Titus, TN AF Armstrong, J. C. Nielson, S. K. Titus, T. N. TI Survey of TES high albedo events in Mars' northern polar craters SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; LAYERED DEPOSITS; WATER ICE; SURFACE AB Following the work exploring Korolev Crater ( Armstrong et al., 2005) for evidence of crater interior ice deposits, we have conducted a survey of Thermal Emission Spectroscopy (TES) temperature and albedo measurements for Mars' northern polar craters larger than 10 km. Specifically, we identify a class of craters that exhibits brightening in their interiors during a solar longitude, L(s), of 60 to 120 degrees, roughly depending on latitude. These craters vary in size, latitude, and morphology, but appear to have a specific regional association on the surface that correlates with the distribution of subsurface hydrogen ( interpreted as water ice) previously observed on Mars. We suggest that these craters, like Korolev, exhibit seasonal high albedo frost events that indicate subsurface water ice within the craters. A detailed study of these craters may provide insight in the geographical distribution of the ice and context for future polar missions. C1 Weber State Univ, Dept Phys, Ogden, UT 84408 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Armstrong, JC (reprint author), Weber State Univ, Dept Phys, 2508 Univ Circle, Ogden, UT 84408 USA. EM jcarmstrong@weber.edu OI Armstrong, John/0000-0003-2009-1459 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1 AR L01202 DI 10.1029/2006GL027960 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 124EY UT WOS:000243351500004 ER PT J AU Paull, CK Ussler, W Dallimore, SR Blasco, SM Lorenson, TD Melling, H Medioli, BE Nixon, FM McLaughlin, FA AF Paull, Charles K. Ussler, William, III Dallimore, Scott R. Blasco, Steve M. Lorenson, Thomas D. Melling, Humfrey Medioli, Barbara E. Nixon, F. Mark McLaughlin, Fiona A. TI Origin of pingo-like features on the Beaufort Sea shelf and their possible relationship to decomposing methane gas hydrates SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CANADA AB The Arctic shelf is currently undergoing dramatic thermal changes caused by the continued warming associated with Holocene sea level rise. During this transgression, comparatively warm waters have flooded over cold permafrost areas of the Arctic Shelf. A thermal pulse of more than 10 degrees C is still propagating down into the submerged sediment and may be decomposing gas hydrate as well as permafrost. A search for gas venting on the Arctic seafloor focused on pingo-like-features (PLFs) on the Beaufort Sea Shelf because they may be a direct consequence of gas hydrate decomposition at depth. Vibracores collected from eight PLFs had systematically elevated methane concentrations. ROV observations revealed streams of methane-rich gas bubbles coming from the crests of PLFs. We offer a scenario of how PLFs may be growing offshore as a result of gas pressure associated with gas hydrate decomposition. C1 Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Nat Resources Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. Nat Resources Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. RP Paull, CK (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sanholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM paull@mbari.org NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1 AR L01603 DI 10.1029/2006GL027977 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 124EW UT WOS:000243351300002 ER PT J AU Wu, HY Ma, KF Zoback, M Boness, N Ito, H Hung, JH Hickman, S AF Wu, Hung-Yu Ma, Kuo-Fong Zoback, Mark Boness, Naomi Ito, Hisao Hung, Jih-Hao Hickman, Stephen TI Stress orientations of Taiwan Chelungpu-Fault Drilling Project (TCDP) hole-A as observed from geophysical logs SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE; WELL AB `The Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project (TCDP) drilled a 2-km-deep research borehole to investigate the structure and mechanics of the Chelungpu Fault that ruptured in the 1999 M(w) 7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake. Geophysical logs of the TCDP were carried out over depths of 500-1900 m, including Dipole Sonic Imager (DSI) logs and Formation Micro Imager (FMI) logs in order to identify bedding planes, fractures and shear zones. From the continuous core obtained from the borehole, a shear zone at a depth of 1110 meters is interpreted to be the Chelungpu fault, located within the Chinshui Shale, which extends from 1013 to 1300 meters depth. Stress-induced borehole breakouts were observed over nearly the entire length of the wellbore. These data show an overall stress direction (similar to N115 degrees E) that is essentially parallel to the regional stress field and parallel to the convergence direction of the Philippine Sea plate with respect to the Eurasian plate. Variability in the average stress direction is seen at various depths. In particular there is a major stress orientation anomaly in the vicinity of the Chelungpu fault. Abrupt stress rotations at depths of 1000 m and 1310 m are close to the Chinshui Shale's upper and lower boundaries, suggesting the possibility that bedding plane slip occurred during the Chi-Chi earthquake. C1 Natl Cent Univ, Inst Geophys, Chungli 32001, Taiwan. Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1050003, Japan. Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wu, HY (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Inst Geophys, 300 Jhongda Rd, Chungli 32001, Taiwan. EM sonata@eqkc.earth.ncu.edu.tw RI Ma, Kuo-Fong/H-1445-2012 NR 11 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1 AR L01303 DI 10.1029/2006GL028050 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 124EW UT WOS:000243351300003 ER PT J AU Johnson, RH Poeter, EP AF Johnson, Raymond H. Poeter, Eileen P. TI Insights into the use of time-lapse GPR data as observations for inverse multiphase flow simulations of DNAPL migration SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNAPLs; ground penetrating radar; inversion; multiphase flow ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; BORDEN AQUIFER; 2-PHASE FLOW; FIELD; BEHAVIOR AB Perchloroethylene (PCE) saturations determined from GPR surveys were used as observations for inversion of multiphase flow simulations of a PCE injection experiment (Borden 9 m cell), allowing for the estimation of optimal bulk intrinsic permeability values. The resulting fit statistics and analysis of residuals (observed minus simulated PCE saturations) were used to improve the conceptual model. These improvements included adjustment of the elevation of a permeability contrast, use of the van Genuchten versus Brooks-Corey capillary pressure-saturation curve, and a weighting scheme to account for greater measurement error with larger saturation values. A limitation in determining PCE saturations through one-dimensional GPR modeling is non-uniqueness when multiple GPR parameters are unknown (i.e., permittivity, depth, and gain function). Site knowledge, fixing the gain function, and multiphase flow simulations assisted in evaluating non-unique conceptual models of PCE saturation, where depth and layering were reinterpreted to provide alternate conceptual models. Remaining bias in the residuals is attributed to the violation of assumptions in the one-dimensional GPR interpretation (which assumes flat, infinite, horizontal layering) resulting from multidimensional influences that were not included in the conceptual model. While the limitations and errors in using GPR data as observations for inverse multiphase flow simulations are frustrating and difficult to quantify, simulation results indicate that the error and bias in the PCE saturation values are small enough to still provide reasonable optimal permeability values. The effort to improve model fit and reduce residual bias decreases simulation error even for an inversion based on biased observations and provides insight into alternate GPR data interpretations. Thus, this effort is warranted and provides information on bias in the observation data when this bias is otherwise difficult to assess. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Johnson, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 973, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rhjohnso@usgs.gov; epoeter@mines.edu NR 33 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 89 IS 1-2 BP 136 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.08.003 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 123AX UT WOS:000243269800006 PM 17050034 ER PT J AU Eng, K Milly, PCD AF Eng, Ken Milly, P. C. D. TI Relating low-flow characteristics to the base flow recession time constant at partial record stream gauges SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DROUGHT AB Base flow recession information is helpful for regional estimation of low-flow characteristics. However, analyses that exploit such information generally require a continuous record of streamflow at the estimation site to characterize base flow recession. Here we propose a simple method for characterizing base flow recession at low-flow partial record stream gauges (i.e., sites with very few streamflow measurements under low-streamflow conditions), and we use that characterization as the basis for a practical new approach to low-flow regression. In a case study the introduction of a base flow recession time constant, estimated from a single pair of strategically timed streamflow measurements, approximately halves the root-mean-square estimation error relative to that of a conventional drainage area regression. Additional streamflow measurements can be used to reduce the error further. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Eng, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 430, Reston, VA USA. EM keng@usgs.gov; cmilly@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 AR W01201 DI 10.1029/2006WR005293 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 124FO UT WOS:000243353200003 ER PT J AU Stofan, ER Elachi, C Lunine, JI Lorenz, RD Stiles, B Mitchell, KL Ostro, S Soderblom, L Wood, C Zebker, H Wall, S Janssen, M Kirk, R Lopes, R Paganelli, F Radebaugh, J Wye, L Anderson, Y Allison, M Boehmer, R Callahan, P Encrenaz, P Flamini, E Francescetti, G Gim, Y Hamilton, G Hensley, S Johnson, WTK Kelleher, K Muhleman, D Paillou, P Picardi, G Posa, F Roth, L Seu, R Shaffer, S Vetrella, S West, R AF Stofan, E. R. Elachi, C. Lunine, J. I. Lorenz, R. D. Stiles, B. Mitchell, K. L. Ostro, S. Soderblom, L. Wood, C. Zebker, H. Wall, S. Janssen, M. Kirk, R. Lopes, R. Paganelli, F. Radebaugh, J. Wye, L. Anderson, Y. Allison, M. Boehmer, R. Callahan, P. Encrenaz, P. Flamini, E. Francescetti, G. Gim, Y. Hamilton, G. Hensley, S. Johnson, W. T. K. Kelleher, K. Muhleman, D. Paillou, P. Picardi, G. Posa, F. Roth, L. Seu, R. Shaffer, S. Vetrella, S. West, R. TI The lakes of Titan SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID RADAR MAPPER; METHANE; SURFACE; CLOUDS AB The surface of Saturn's haze-shrouded moon Titan has long been proposed to have oceans or lakes, on the basis of the stability of liquid methane at the surface(1,2). Initial visible(3) and radar(4,5) imaging failed to find any evidence of an ocean, although abundant evidence was found that flowing liquids have existed on the surface(5,6). Here we provide definitive evidence for the presence of lakes on the surface of Titan, obtained during the Cassini Radar flyby of Titan on 22 July 2006 (T-16). The radar imaging polewards of 70 degrees north shows more than 75 circular to irregular radar-dark patches, in a region where liquid methane and ethane are expected to be abundant and stable on the surface(2,7). The radar-dark patches are interpreted as lakes on the basis of their very low radar reflectivity and morphological similarities to lakes, including associated channels and location in topographic depressions. Some of the lakes do not completely fill the depressions in which they lie, and apparently dry depressions are present. We interpret this to indicate that lakes are present in a number of states, including partly dry and liquid-filled. These northern-hemisphere lakes constitute the strongest evidence yet that a condensable-liquid hydrological cycle is active in Titan's surface and atmosphere, in which the lakes are filled through rainfall and/or intersection with the subsurface 'liquid methane' table. C1 Proxemy Res, Rectortown, VA 20140 USA. UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Space Dept, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Wheeling Jesuit Univ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. Alenia Aerospazio, I-00131 Rome, Italy. Fac Ingn, I-80125 Naples, Italy. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Observ Aquitain Sci Univers UMR 5804, F-33270 Floirac, France. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00184 Rome, Italy. Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Interateneo Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. RP Stofan, ER (reprint author), Proxemy Res, Rectortown, VA 20140 USA. EM estofan@proxemy.com RI Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 NR 27 TC 279 Z9 286 U1 7 U2 56 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 4 PY 2007 VL 445 IS 7123 BP 61 EP 64 DI 10.1038/nature05438 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 122KG UT WOS:000243225100035 PM 17203056 ER PT J AU Willard, DA Phillips, TL Lesnikowska, AD DiMichele, WA AF Willard, Debra A. Phillips, Tom L. Lesnikowska, Alicia D. DiMichele, William A. TI Paleoecology of the Late Pennsylvanian-age Calhoun coal bed and implications for long-term dynamics of wetland ecosystems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Late Pennsylvanian; coal; coal-ball; paleoecology; palynology; ecosystem stability ID PALEOCLIMATE CONTROLS; SWAMP VEGETATION; ILLINOIS BASIN; DUQUESNE COAL; OHIO USA; ASSEMBLAGES; PATTERNS; PLANTS; PERSISTENCE AB Quantitative plant assemblage data from coal balls, miospores, megaspores, and compression floras from the Calhoun coal bed (Missourian) of the Illinois Basin (USA) are used to interpret spatial and temporal changes in plant communities in the paleo-peat swamp. Coal-ball and miospore floras froth the Calhoun coal bed are dominated strongly by tree ferns, and pteridosperms and sigillarian lycopsids are subdominant, depending on geographic location within the coal bed. Although the overall composition of Calhoun peat-swamp assemblages is consistent both temporally and spatially, site-to-site differences and short-term shifts in species dominance indicate local topographic and hydrologic control on species composition within the broader context of the swamp. Statistical comparison of the Calhoun miospore assemblages with those from other Late Pennsylvanian coal beds suggests that the same basic species pool was represented in each peat-swamp landscape and that the relative patterns of dominance and diversity were persistent from site to site. Therefore, it appears that the relative patterns of proportional dominance stayed roughly the same from one coal bed to the next during Late Pennsylvanian glacially-driven climatic oscillations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Willard, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM dwillard@usgs.gov RI DiMichele, William/K-4301-2012 NR 48 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JAN 2 PY 2007 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2006.03.011 PG 34 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 130QQ UT WOS:000243814500002 ER PT B AU Blados, WR AF Blados, Walter R. GP IEEE TI The science, technology and research network (STARNET) - A searchable thematic compilation of web resources SO 2007 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN SPACE TECHNOLOGIES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies CY JUN 14-16, 2007 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP IEEE AB International alliances in space efforts have resulted in a more rapid diffusion of space technology. This, in turn, increases pressure on organizations to push forward with technological developments and to take steps to maximize their inclusion into the research and development (R&D) process and the overall advancement and enhancement of space technology. To cope with this vast and rapidly growing amount of data and information that is vital to the success of the innovation, the Information Management Committee (IMC) of the Research Technology Agency (RTA) developed the science, technology and research network (STARNET). The purpose of this network is to facilitate access to worldwide information elements in terms of science, technology and overall research. It provides a virtual library with special emphasis on international security; a "one stop" information resource for policy makers, program managers, scientists, engineers, researchers and others. C1 US Geol Survey, Cincinnati, OH 45246 USA. RP Blados, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 440 Oak Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45246 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1056-9 PY 2007 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1109/RAST.2007.4283961 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BGV58 UT WOS:000250805000026 ER PT B AU Komuro, R Reynolds, JH Ford, ED AF Komuro, Rie Reynolds, Joel H. Ford, E. David GP IEEE TI Using the pareto frontier to detect deficiencies in a biological simulation model SO 2007 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-10, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation CY SEP 25-28, 2007 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE ID SITKA SPRUCE PLANTATION; MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION; MULTICRITERIA ASSESSMENT AB We introduce the use of multiobjective optimization methods to assess mechanistic simulation models. Such models are often developed to investigate processes underlying phenomena in biology and other fields. The proposed model structure must be assessed to reveal inadequacies in its simulation of the phenomenon. Objective functions are defined to measure how well the model reproduces specific phenomenon features. The objectives may be continuous or binary-valued, e.g. constraints, depending on the quality and quantity of phenomenon data. Assessment requires estimating and exploring the model's Pareto frontier. The problem is illustrated with the assessment of a model of shoot growth in pine trees using an elitist Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA). The algorithm uses the partition induced on the parameter space by binary-valued objectives. The assessment revealed the need for hysteresis in the model structure to more accurately simulate shoot growth. C1 [Komuro, Rie] Univ Auckland, Bioengn Inst, Level 6,70 Symonds St,Private Bag 92109, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Reynolds, Joel H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Nat Resources, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Ford, E. David] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Komuro, R (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Bioengn Inst, Level 6,70 Symonds St,Private Bag 92109, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. EM r.komuro@auckland.ac.nz; joel-reynolds@fws.gov; ed-ford@u.washington.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DBI-0129042]; United States Environmental Protection Agency [GR82517301-0] FX This work was supported in part by a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation DBI-0129042 and in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through agreement GR82517301-0 to the University of Washington. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1339-3 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2007 BP 888 EP + DI 10.1109/CEC.2007.4424564 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHT10 UT WOS:000256053700118 ER PT J AU Ellison, LE O'Shea, TJ Neubaum, DJ Neubaum, MA Pearce, RD Bowen, RA AF Ellison, Laura E. O'Shea, Thomas J. Neubaum, Daniel J. Neubaum, Melissa A. Pearce, Roger D. Bowen, Richard A. TI A comparison of conventional capture versus PIT reader techniques for estimating survival and capture probabilities of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) SO ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Eptesicus fuscus; mark-recapture; PIT tags; Program MARK; survival ID FEMALE BECHSTEINS BATS; MYOTIS-BECHSTEINII; MARKED ANIMALS; FIELD; POPULATIONS; ANESTHESIA; RECAPTURE; IMPACTS; BLOOD; TAG AB We compared conventional capture (primarily mist nets and harp traps) and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging techniques for estimating capture and survival probabilities of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) roosting in buildings in Fort Collins, Colorado. A total of 987 female adult and juvenile bats were captured and marked by subdermal injection of PIT tags during the summers of 2001-2005 at five maternity colonies in buildings. Openings to roosts were equipped with PIT hoop-style readers, and exit and entry of bats were passively monitored on a daily basis throughout the summers of 2002-2005. PIT readers 'recaptured' adult and juvenile females more often than conventional capture events at each roost. Estimates of annual capture probabilities for all five colonies were on average twice as high when estimated from PIT reader data ( P = 0.93-1.00) than when derived from conventional techniques ( P = 0.26-0.66), and as a consequence annual survival estimates were more precisely estimated when using PIT reader encounters. Short-term, daily capture estimates were also higher using PIT readers than conventional captures. We discuss the advantages and limitations of using PIT tags and passive encounters with hoop readers vs. conventional capture techniques for estimating these vital parameters in big brown bats. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Ellison, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ellisonl@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 32 PU POLISH ACAD OF SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY WILCZA 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1508-1109 J9 ACTA CHIROPTEROL JI Acta Chiropt. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 1 BP 149 EP 160 DI 10.3161/1733-5329(2007)9[149:ACOCCV]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 204CV UT WOS:000249022100010 ER PT S AU Schafer, H Miller, LG Oremland, RS Murrell, JC AF Schafer, Hendrik Miller, Laurence G. Oremland, Ronald S. Murrell, J. Colin BE Laskin, AI Sariaslani, S Gadd, GM TI Bacterial cycling of methyl halides SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, VOL 61 SE Advances in Applied Microbiology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID CHLOROMETHANE-UTILIZING BACTERIA; CARBON-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; CHLORINE EMISSIONS INVENTORY; FUNCTIONAL GENE PROBES; HYPHOMICROBIUM-CHLOROMETHANICUM; STRAIN CM4; ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE; OXIDIZING BACTERIA; ATMOSPHERIC CH3BR; REACTIVE CHLORINE C1 Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Schafer, H (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RI Schafer, Hendrik/A-5711-2009; Murrell, John/B-1443-2012 OI Schafer, Hendrik/0000-0001-8450-7893; NR 105 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2164 BN 978-0-12-002663-0 J9 ADV APPL MICROBIOL JI Adv. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2007 VL 61 BP 307 EP 346 DI 10.1016/S0065-2164(06)61009-5 PG 40 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BGE59 UT WOS:000246336700009 PM 17448794 ER PT J AU Perry, CA AF Perry, Charles A. TI Evidence for a physical linkage between galactic cosmic rays and regional climate time series SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE galactic cosmic rays; regional climate time series; sun-earth climate; Mississippi River Basin streamflow ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; SOLAR-IRRADIANCE; DECADAL VARIATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; UNITED-STATES; PREDICTION; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; ANOMALIES; POLARITY AB The effects of solar variability on regional climate time series were examined using a sequence of physical connections between total solar irradiance (TSI) modulated by galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), and ocean and atmospheric patterns that affect precipitation and streamflow. The solar energy reaching the Earth's surface and its oceans is thought to be controlled through an interaction between TSI and GCRs, which are theorized to ionize the atmosphere and increase cloud formation and its resultant albedo. High (low) GCR flux may promote cloudiness (clear skies) and higher (lower) albedo at the same time that TSI is lowest (highest) in the solar cycle which in turn creates cooler (warmer) ocean temperature anomalies. These anomalies have been shown to affect atmospheric flow patterns and ultimately affect precipitation over the Midwestern United States. This investigation identified a relation among TSI and geomagnetic index aa (GI-AA), and streamflow in the Mississippi River Basin for the period 1878-2004. The GI-AA was used as a proxy for GCRs. The lag time between the solar signal and streamflow in the Mississippi River at St. Louis, Missouri is approximately 34 years. The current drought (1999-2007) in the Mississippi River Basin appears to be caused by a period of lower solar activity that occurred between 1963 and 1977. There appears to be a solar "fingerprint" that can be detected in climatic time series in other regions of the world, with each series having a unique lag time between the solar signal and the hydroclimatic response. A progression of increasing lag times can be spatially linked to the ocean conveyor belt, which may transport the solar signal over a time span of several decades. The lag times for any one region vary slightly and may be linked to the fluctuations in the velocity of the ocean conveyor belt. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR. C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Perry, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM cperry@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 353 EP 364 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.02.079 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OP UT WOS:000253589400011 ER PT J AU Hibbard, JP Van Staal, CR Rankin, DW AF Hibbard, James P. Van Staal, Cees R. Rankin, Douglas W. TI A comparative analysis of pre-Silurlan crustal building blocks of the northern and the southern Appalachian orogen SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID CAROLINA SLATE BELT; SKINNER COVE VOLCANICS; SMITH RIVER ALLOCHTHON; EASTERN BLUE RIDGE; CAPE-BRETON ISLAND; U-PB AGES; WESTERN NEWFOUNDLAND; TACONIAN OROGENY; NOVA-SCOTIA; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN AB The New York promontory serves as the divide between the northern and southern segments of the Appalachian orogen. Antiquated subdivisions, distinct for each segment, implied that they had lithotectonic histories that were independent of each other. Using new lithotectonic subdivisions we compare first order features of the pre-Silurian orogenic 'building blocks' in order to test the validity of the implication of independent lithotectonic histories for the two segments. Three lithotectonic divisions, termed here the Laurentian, Iapetan, and the peri-Gondwanan realms, characterize the entire orogen. The Laurentian realm, composed of native North American rocks, is remarkably uniform for the length of the orogen. It records the multistage Neoproterozoic-early Paleozoic rift-drift history of the Appalachian passive margin, formation of a Taconic Seaway, and the ultimate demise of both in the Middle Ordovician. The Iapetan realm encompasses mainly oceanic and magmatic arc tracts that once lay within the Iapetus Ocean, between Laurentia and Gondwana. In the northern segment, the realm is divisible on the basis of stratigraphy and faunal provinciality into peri-Laurentian and peri-Gondwanan tracts that were amalgamated in the Late Ordovician. South of New York, stratigraphic and faunal controls decrease markedly; rock associations are not inconsistent with those of the northern Appalachians, although second-order differences exist. Exposed exotic crustal blocks of the peri-Gondwanan realm include Ganderia, Avalonia, and Meguma in the north, and Carolinia in the south. Carolinia most closely resembles Ganderia, both in early evolution and Late Ordovician-Silurian docking to Laurentia. Our comparison indicates that, to a first order, the pre-Silurian Appalachian orogen developed uniformly, starting with complex rifting and a subsequent drift phase to form the Appalachian margin, followed by the consolidation of Iapetan components and ending with accretion of the peri-Gonwanan Ganderia and Carolinia. This deduction implies that any first-order differences between northern and southern segments post-date Late Ordovician consolidation of a large portion of the orogen. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Geol Survey Canada, Vancouver, BC V6B 5J3, Canada. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Hibbard, JP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jim_hibbard@ncsu.edu NR 125 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1 BP 23 EP 45 DI 10.2475/01.2007.02 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 167SN UT WOS:000246471500003 ER PT J AU Aleinikoff, JN Wintsch, RP Tollo, RP Unruh, DM Fanning, CM Schmitz, MD AF Aleinikoff, John N. Wintsch, Robert P. Tollo, Richard P. Unruh, Daniel M. Fanning, C. Mark Schmitz, Mark D. TI Ages and origins of rocks of the Killingworth dome, south-central Connecticut: Implications for the tectonic evolution of southern New England SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID T-T PATHS; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; IGNEOUS ROCKS; NEW-BRUNSWICK; SOUTHWESTERN CONNECTICUT; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; CENTRAL NEWFOUNDLAND; LATE ORDOVICIAN; GRANITIC-ROCKS; GANDER MARGIN AB The Killingworth dome of south-central Connecticut occurs at the southern end of the Bronson Hill belt. It is composed of tonalitic and trondhjemitic orthogneisses (Killingworth complex) and bimodal metavolcanic rocks (Middletown complex) that display calc-alkaline affinities. Orthogneisses of the Killingworth complex (Boulder Lake gneiss, 456 +/- 6 Ma; Pond Meadow gneiss, similar to 460 Ma) were emplaced at about the same time as eruption and deposition of volcanic-sedimentary rocks of the Middletown complex (Middletown Formation, 449 +/- 4 Ma; Higganum gneiss, 459 +/- 4 Ma). Hidden Lake gneiss (339 +/- 3 Ma) occurs as a pluton in the core of the Killingworth dome, and, on the basis of geochemical and isotopic data, is included in the Killingworth complex. Ph and Nd isotopic data suggest that the Pond Meadow, Boulder Lake, and Hidden Lake gneisses (Killingworth complex) resulted from mixing of Neoproterozoic Gander terrane sources (high Pb-207/Pb-204 and intermediate epsilon(Nd)) and less radiogenic (low Pb-207/Pb-204 and low epsilon(Nd)) components, whereas Middletown Formation and Higganurn gneiss (Middletown complex) were derived from mixtures of Gander basement and primitive (low Pb-207/Pb-204 and high epsilon(Nd)) sources. The less radiogenic component for the Killingworth complex is similar in isotopic composition to material from Laurentian (Grenville) crust. However, because published paleomagnetic and paleontologic data indicate that the Gander terrane is peri-Gondwanan in origin, the isotopic signature of Killingworth complex rocks probably was derived from Gander basement that contained detritus from non-Laurentian sources such as Amazonia, Baltica, or Oaxaquia. We suggest that the Killingworth complex formed above an east-dipping subduction zone on the west margin of the Gander terrane, whereas the Middletown complex formed to the east in a back-arc rift environment. Subsequent shortening, associated with the assembly of Pangea in the Carboniferous, resulted in Gander cover terranes over the Avalon terrane in the west; and in the Middletown complex over the Killingworth complex in the east. Despite similarities of emplacement age, structural setting, and geographic continuity of the Killingworth dome with Oliverian domes in central and northern New England, new and published isotopic data suggest that the Killingworth and Middletown complexes were derived from Gander crust, and are not part of the Bronson Hill arc that was derived from Laurentian crust. The trace of the Ordovician Iapetan suture (the Red Indian line) between rocks of Laurentian and Ganderian origin probably extends from Southwestern New Hampshire west of the Pelham dome of northcentral Massachusetts and is coverd by Mesozoic rocks of the Hartford basin. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Aleinikoff, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 963, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM jaleinikoff@usgs.gov RI Schmitz, Mark/A-2540-2012; Fanning, C. Mark/I-6449-2016 OI Fanning, C. Mark/0000-0003-3331-3145 NR 95 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1 BP 63 EP 118 DI 10.2475/01.2007.04 PG 56 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 167SN UT WOS:000246471500005 ER PT J AU Wintsch, RP Aleinikoff, JN Walsh, GJ Bothner, WA Hussey, AM Fanining, CM AF Wintsch, R. P. Aleinikoff, J. N. Walsh, G. J. Bothner, W. A. Hussey, A. M., II Fanining, C. M. TI Shrimp U-Pb evidence for a late silurian age of metasedimentary rocks in the Merrimack and Putnam-Nashoba terranes, eastern New England SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID ALLEGHANIAN CLASTIC-WEDGE; DETRITAL ZIRCON EVIDENCE; CASCO BAY GROUP; T-T PATHS; NEW-BRUNSWICK; SOUTHWESTERN CONNECTICUT; NORTHERN APPALACHIANS; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; CENTRAL NEWFOUNDLAND; SOUTHEAST LABRADOR AB U-Pb ages of detrital, metamorphic, and magmatic zircon and metamorphic monazite and titanite provide evidence for the ages of deposition and metamorphism of metasedimentary rocks from the Merrimack and Putnam-Nashoba terranes of eastern New England. Rocks from these terranes are interpreted here as having been deposited in the middle Paleozoic above Neoproterozoic basement of the Gander terrane and juxtaposed by Late Paleozoic thrusting in thin, fault-bounded slices. The correlative Hebron and Berwick formations (Merrimack terrane) and Tatnic Hill Formation (Putnam-Nashoba terrane), contain detrital zircons with Mesoproterozoic, Ordovician, and Silurian age populations. On the basis of the age of the youngest detrital zircon population (similar to 425 Ma), the Hebron, Berwick and Tatnic Hill formations are no older than Late Silurian (Wenlockian). The minimum deposition ages of the Hebron and Berwick are constrained by ages of cross-cutting plutons (414 +/- 3 and 418 +/- 2 Ma, respectively). The Tatnic Hill Formation must be older than the oldest metamorphic monazite and zircon (similar to 407 Ma). Thus, all three of these units were deposited between similar to 425 and 418 Ma, probably in the Ludlovian. Age populations of detrital zircons suggest Laurentian and Ordovician arc provenance to the west. High grade metamorphism of the Tatnic Hill Formation soon after deposition probably requires that sedimentation and burial occurred in a fore-arc environment, whereas time-equivalent calcareous sediments of the Hebron and Berwick formations probably originated in a back-arc setting. In contrast to age data from the Berwick Formation, the Kittery Formation contains primarily Mesoproterozoic detrital zircons; only 2 younger grains were identified. The absence of a significant Ordovician population, in addition to paleo-current directions from the east and structural data indicating thrusting, suggest that the Kittery was derived from peri-Gondwanan sources and deposited in the Fredericton Sea. Thus, the Kittery should not be considered part of the Laurentian-derived Merrimack terrane; it more likely correlates with the early Silurian Fredericton terrane of northeastern New England and Maritime Canada. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Bowdoin Coll, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Wintsch, RP (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM wintsch@indiana.edu RI Fanning, Christopher Mark/I-6449-2016 OI Fanning, Christopher Mark/0000-0003-3331-3145 NR 126 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1 BP 119 EP 167 DI 10.2475/01.2007.05 PG 49 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 167SN UT WOS:000246471500006 ER PT J AU Walsh, GJ Aleinikoff, JN Wintsch, RP AF Walsh, Gregory J. Aleinikoff, John N. Wintsch, Robert P. TI Origin of the Lyme dome and implications for the timing of multiple Alleghanian deformational and intrusive events in southern Connecticut SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN NEW-ENGLAND; HONEY HILL FAULT; T-T PATHS; EASTERN CONNECTICUT; RHODE-ISLAND; AVALON ZONE; GEOCHRONOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; ZIRCON SATURATION; DUCTILE FAULT; NEW-BRUNSWICK AB Geologic mapping, structural analysis, and geochronology in the area of the Lyme dome, southern Connecticut provides constraints on the origin of the rocks in the core of the dome, the absolute timing of the principal deformational and thermal events attributed to Alleghanian orogenesis, and the processes that generated the dome. Detrital zircon geochronology in combination with ages on intrusive rocks brackets the deposition of quartzite in the core of the dome sometime between ca. 925 and 620 Ma. Granite and granodiorite intruded the Neoproteorozic metasedimentary rocks in the core of the dome at ca. 620 to 610 Ma. Four major early Permian events associated with the Alleghanian orogeny affected the rocks in the Lyme dome area. Syn-tectonic migmatization and widespread penetrative deformation (D1, ca. 300 - 290 Ma) included emplacement of alaskite at 290 +/- 4 Ma during regional foliation development and aluminosilicate-orthoclase metamorphic conditions. Rocks of the Avalon terrane may have wedged between Gander cover rocks and Gander basement in the core of the Lyme during D1. Limited structural evidence for diapiric uplift of the Lyme dome indicates that diapirism started late in D1 and was completed by D2 (ca. 290 - 280 Ma) when horizontal WNW contractional stresses dominated over vertical stresses. Second sillimanite metamorphism continued and syn-tectonic D2 granite pegmatite (288 +/- 4 Ma) and the Joshua Rock Granite Gniess (284 +/- 3 Ma) intruded at this time. North-northwest extension during D3 (ca. 280 - 275 Ma) led to granitic pegmatite intrusion along S3 cleavage planes and in extensional zones in boudin necks during hydraulic failure and decompression melting. Intrusion of a Westerly Granite dike at 275 +/- 4 Ma suggests that D3 extension was active, and perhaps concluding, by ca. 275 Ma. Late randomly oriented but gently dipping pegmatite dikes record a final stage of intrusion during D4 (ca. 275 - 260 Ma), and a switch from NNW extension to vertical unloading and exhumation. Monazite and metamorphic zircon rim ages record this event at ca. 259 Ma. The evolution of the Lyme dome involved D1 mylonitization, intrusion, and migmatization during north-directed contraction, limited late D1 diapirism, D2 migmatization during WNW contraction with associated flexural flow and fold interference, D3 NNW horizontal extension and decompression melting, and final D4 vertical extension and rapid exhumation. Late regional uplift, extension, and normal faulting at higher crustal levels may have been caused by diapiric rise of the lower crust, below the structural level of the Lyme dome. The rocks record no evidence of Acadian metamorphism or deformation, suggesting that the Gander zone here was not tectonically juxtaposed with Avalon until the Alleghanian orogeny. C1 US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Walsh, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 87 State St,Room 324, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. EM gwalsh@usgs.gov NR 90 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1 BP 168 EP 215 DI 10.2475/01.2007.06 PG 48 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 167SN UT WOS:000246471500007 ER PT J AU Rankin, DW Coish, RA Tucker, RD Peng, ZX Wilson, SA Rouff, AA AF Rankin, D. W. Coish, R. A. Tucker, R. D. Peng, Z. X. Wilson, S. A. Rouff, A. A. TI Silurian extension in the Upper Connecticut Valley, United States and the origin of middle Paleozoic basins in the Quebec embayment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID NEW-ENGLAND APPALACHIANS; NORTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; WESTERN NEW-ENGLAND; PB ZIRCON AGES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; GASPE PENINSULA; CANADIAN APPALACHIANS; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; TACONIAN OROGENY AB Pre-Silurian strata of the Bronson Hill arch (BHA) in the Upper Connecticut Valley, NH-VT are host to the latest Ludlow Comerford Intrusive Suite consisting, east to west, of a mafic dike swarm with sheeted dikes, and an intrusive complex. The rocks are mostly mafic but with compositions ranging from gabbro to leucocratic tonalite. The suite is truncated on the west by the Monroe fault, a late Acadian thrust that carries rocks of the BHA westward over Silurian-Devonian strata of the Connecticut Valley-Gaspe trough (CVGT). Dikes intrude folded strata with a pre-intrusion metamorphic fabric (Taconian?) but they experienced Acadian deformation. Twenty fractions of zircon and baddeleyite from three sample sites of gabbrodiorite spanning nearly 40 km yield a weighted Pb-207/Pb-206 age of 419 +/- 1 Ma. Greenschist-facies dikes, sampled over a strike distance of 35 km, were tholeiitic basalts formed by partial melting of asthenospheric mantle, with little or no influence from mantle or crustal lithosphere. The dike chemistry is similar to mid-ocean ridge, within-plate, and back-arc basin basalts. Parent magmas originated in the asthenosphere and were erupted through severely thinned lithosphere adjacent to the CVGT. Extensive middle Paleozoic basins in the internides of the Appalachian orogen are restricted to the Quebec embayment of the Laurentian rifted margin, and include the CVGT and the Central Maine trough (CMT), separated from the BHA by a Silurian tectonic hinge. The NE-trending Comerford intrusions parallel the CVGT, CMT, and the tectonic hinge, and indicate NW-SE extension. During post-Taconian convergence, the irregular margins of composite Laurentia and Avalon permitted continued collision in Newfoundland (St. Lawrence promontory) and coeval extension in the Quebec embayment. Extension may be related to hinge retreat of the northwest directed Brunswick subduction complex and rise of the asthenosphere following slab break-off. An alternative hypothesis is that the basins originated as pull-apart basins between northwest-trending, left-stepping, sinistral strike-slip faults along the southern flanks of die New York and St. Lawrence promontories. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Middlebury Coll, Dept Geol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Rankin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dwrankin@usgs.gov NR 155 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1 BP 216 EP 264 DI 10.2475/01.2007.07 PG 49 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 167SN UT WOS:000246471500008 ER PT J AU Hartley, MK Rogers, WE Siemann, E Grace, J AF Hartley, Maria K. Rogers, William E. Siemann, Evan Grace, James TI Responses of prairie arthropod communities to fire and fertilizer: Balancing plant and arthropod conservation SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL NITROGEN GRADIENTS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; EXPERIMENTAL TESTS; DIVERSITY; INSECTS; SUCCESSION; TERM; ASSEMBLAGES; DISTURBANCE; TOPOGRAPHY AB Fire is an important tool for limiting woody plant invasions into prairies, but using fire management to maintain grassland plant communities may inadvertently reduce arthropod diversity. To test this, we established twenty-four 100 m(2) plots in a tallgrass prairie in Galveston County, Texas, in spring 2000. Plots were assigned a fire (no burn, one time burn [2000], two time burn [2000, 2001]) and fertilization treatment (none, NPK addition) in a full factorial design. Fertilization treatments allowed us to examine the effects of fire at a different level of productivity. We measured plant cover by species and sampled arthropods with sweep nets during the 2001 growing season. Path analysis indicated that fertilization reduced while annual fires increased arthropod diversity via increases and decreases in woody plant abundance, respectively. There was no direct effect of fire on arthropod diversity or abundance. Diptera and Homoptera exhibited particularly strong positive responses to fires. Lepidoptera had a negative response to nutrient enrichment. Overall, the negative effects of fire on the arthropod community were minor in contrast to the strong positive indirect effects of small-scale burning on arthropod diversity if conservation of particular taxa is not a priority. The same fire regime that minimized woody plant invasion also maximized arthropod diversity. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Siemann, E (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM siemann@rice.edu NR 51 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 157 IS 1 BP 92 EP 105 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2007)157[92:ROPACT]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 132PZ UT WOS:000243956000008 ER PT J AU Kelsey, KE Stebbins, JF Du, LS Hankins, B AF Kelsey, Kimberly E. Stebbins, Jonathan F. Du, Lin-Shu Hankins, Ben TI Constraining O-17 and Al-27 NMR spectra of high-pressure crystals and glasses: New data for jadeite, pyrope, grossular, and mullite SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE NMR spectroscopy; pyrope; grossular; mullite; jadeite; aluminosilicate glasses; oxygen-17; aluminum-27 ID AL-O-AL; ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES; MAS NMR; SILICATE-GLASSES; OXYGEN SITES; MELTS; SPECTROSCOPY; TRICLUSTERS; DISORDER; RAMAN AB The(17)O NMR spectra of glasses quenched from melts at high pressure are often difficult to interpret due to overlapping peaks and lack of crystalline model compounds. High-pressure aluminosilicate glasses often contain significant amounts of Al-[5] and Al-[6], thus these high-pressure glasses must contain oxygen bonded to high-coordinated aluminum. The O-17 NMR parameters for the minerals jadeite, pyrope, grossular, and mullite are presented to assist interpretation of glass spectra and to help test quantum chemical calculations. The O-17 NMR parameters for jadeite and grossular support previous peak assignments of oxygen bonded to Si and high-coordinated Al in high-pressure glasses as well as quantum chemical calculations. The oxygen tricluster in mullite is very similar to the previously observed tricluster in grossite (CaAl4O7) and suspected triclusters in glasses. We also present Al-27 NMR spectra for pyrope, grossular, and mullite. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kelsey, KE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kkelsey@pangea.Stanford.edu NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 92 IS 1 BP 210 EP 216 DI 10.2138/am.2007.2284 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 127UE UT WOS:000243611000023 ER PT J AU Cloern, JE AF Cloern, James E. TI Habitat connectivity and ecosystem productivity: Implications from a simple model SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE habitat connectivity; fragmentation; primary production; secondary production; nutrient cycling; ecosystem restoration ID PHYTOPLANKTON; PLANKTON; RIVER; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; FRAGMENTATION; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; FISHERIES; ECOLOGY AB The import of resources (food, nutrients) sustains biological production and food webs in resource-limited habitats. Resource export from donor habitats subsidizes production in recipient habitats, but the ecosystem-scale consequences of resource translocation are generally unknown. Here, I use a nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton model to show how dispersive connectivity between a shallow autotrophic habitat and a deep heterotrophic pelagic habitat can amplify overall system production in metazoan food webs. This result derives from the finite capacity of suspension feeders to capture and assimilate food particles: excess primary production in closed autotrophic habitats cannot be assimilated by consumers; however, if excess phytoplankton production is exported to food-limited heterotrophic habitats, it can be assimilated by zooplankton to support additional secondary production. Transport of regenerated nutrients from heterotrophic to autotrophic habitats sustains higher system primary production. These simulation results imply that the ecosystem-scale efficiency of nutrient transformation into metazoan biomass can be constrained by the rate of resource exchange across habitats and that it is optimized when the transport rate matches the growth rate of primary producers. Slower transport (i.e., reduced connectivity) leads to nutrient limitation of primary production in autotrophic habitats and food limitation of secondary production in heterotrophic habitats. Habitat fragmentation can therefore impose energetic constraints on the carrying capacity of aquatic ecosystems. The outcomes of ecosystem restoration through habitat creation will be determined by both functions provided by newly created aquatic habitats and the rates of hydraulic connectivity between them. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Cloern, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jecloern@usgs.gov RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; Ross, Donald/F-7607-2012; OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-8659-3833; Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 30 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 169 IS 1 BP E21 EP E33 DI 10.1086/510258 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 121BG UT WOS:000243132100003 PM 17206578 ER PT S AU Oakley, NC Hightower, JE AF Oakley, Nathaniel Corey Hightower, Joseph E. BE Munro, J TI Status of shortnose sturgeon in the Neuse River, North Carolina SO Anadromous Sturgeons: Habitats, Threats, and Management SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Anadromous Sturgeons - Status and Trends, Anthropogenic Impacts, and Essential Habitats CY AUG 11-13, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA ID OF-MEXICO STURGEON; ACIPENSER-BREVIROSTRUM; GULF STURGEON; LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT USE; CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER; SUWANNEE RIVER; SOUTH-CAROLINA; FLORIDA; MOVEMENTS AB Shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum historically occurred in most major Atlantic Coast rivers from Saint Johns River, New Brunswick, Canada to St. John's River, Florida. However, there are few records of shortnose sturgeon occurrences within North Carolina and none from the Neuse River. We conducted a 2-year intensive gill-net survey, following the National Marine Fisheries Service sampling protocol, and a reward program in order to determine their population status within the Neuse River. No shortnose sturgeon were observed, although 10 juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (506-992 mm fork length) were encountered. Habitat surveys of the lower Neuse River, where shortnose sturgeon would be expected to occur during summer, showed that bottom waters were severely hypoxic during June-September of 2001-2002. A juvenile Atlantic sturgeon tagged with an ultrasonic transmitter moved upstream of the unsuitable summer habitat and remained in a restricted area until late fall, when water quality improved due to increased flows and lower temperatures. We developed logistic regression models of watershed and river characteristics based on 36 Atlantic Coast rivers with a known presence or absence of shortnose sturgeon. Model predictions suggest that the Neuse River should contain a population of shortnose sturgeon based on the amount of physical habitat. We hypothesize that shortnose sturgeon have been extirpated from the Neuse River due to a lack of suitable summer habitat. Population recovery may be impossible until habitat quality can be improved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hightower, JE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-91-9 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2007 VL 56 BP 273 EP 284 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BGJ43 UT WOS:000247562200015 ER PT J AU Smith, MD Conway, CJ AF Smith, Matthew D. Conway, Courtney J. TI Use of mammal manure by nesting burrowing owls: a test of four functional hypotheses SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE Athene cunicularia; burrowing owl; conspecific signalling; foraging tactics; manure scattering; olfactory camouflage; predator avoidance; prey attraction ID SPEOTYTO-CUNICULARIA; POWER CALCULATIONS; FEEDING ECOLOGY; BEHAVIOR; SUCCESS; OREGON; PREY; WASHINGTON; EVOLUTION; WEIGHT AB Animals have evolved an impressive array of behavioural traits to avoid depredation. Olfactory camouflage of conspicuous odours is a strategy to avoid depredation that has been implicated only in a few species of birds. Burrowing owls, Athene cunicularia, routinely collect dried manure from mammals and scatter it in their nest chamber, in the tunnel leading to their nest and at the entrance to their nesting burrow. This unusual behaviour was thought to reduce nest depredation by concealing the scent of adults and juveniles, but a recent study suggests that manure functions to attract arthropod prey. However, burrowing owls routinely scatter other materials in the same way that they scatter manure, and this fact seems to be at odds with both of these hypotheses. Thus, we examined the function of this behaviour by testing four alternative hypotheses. We found no support for the widely cited olfactory-camouflage hypothesis (manure did not lower the probability of depredation), or for the mate-attraction hypothesis (males collected manure after, not before, pair formation). Predictions of the burrow-occupied hypothesis (manure indicates occupancy to conspecifics and thereby reduces agonistic interactions) were supported, but results were not statistically significant. Our results also supported several predictions of the prey-attraction hypothesis. Pitfall traps at sampling sites with manure collected more arthropod biomass (of taxa common in the diet of burrowing owls) than pitfall traps at sampling sites without manure. Scattering behaviour of burrowing owls appears to function to attract arthropod prey, but may also signal occupancy of a burrow to conspecifics. (c) 2006 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, USGS Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Smith, MD (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Zool, 223 Bartram Hall,POB 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mdsmith@zoo.ufl.edu NR 55 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 73 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.05.012 PN 1 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 129NA UT WOS:000243735000007 ER PT S AU Walder, JS LaHusen, RG Vallance, JW Schilling, SP AF Walder, Joseph S. LaHusen, Richard G. Vallance, James W. Schilling, Steve P. BE Clarke, GKC Smellie, J TI Emplacement of a silicic lava dome through a crater glacier: Mount St Helens, 2004-06 SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 45, 2007 SE Annals of Glaciology-Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Earth and Planetary Ice-Volcano Interactions CY JUN 19-23, 2006 CL Univ Iceland, Inst Earth Sci, Reykjavik, ICELAND HO Univ Iceland, Inst Earth Sci ID DYNAMIC-RESPONSE; USA; WASHINGTON; ALASKA AB The process of lava-dome emplacement through a glacier was observed for the first time after Mount St Helens reawakened in September 2004. The glacier that had grown in the crater since the cataclysmic 1980 eruption was split in two by the new lava dome. The two parts of the glacier were successively squeezed against the crater wall. Photography, photogrammetry and geodetic measurements document glacier deformation of an extreme variety, with strain rates of extraordinary magnitude as compared to normal alpine glaciers. Unlike normal temperate glaciers, the crater glacier shows no evidence of either speed-up at the beginning of the ablation season or diurnal speed fluctuations during the ablation season. Thus there is evidently no slip of the glacier over its bed. The most reasonable explanation for this anomaly is that meltwater penetrating the glacier is captured by a thick layer of coarse rubble at the bed and then enters the volcano's groundwater system rather than flowing through a drainage network along the bed. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Walder, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jswalder@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 978-0-946417-40-7 J9 ANN GLACIOL-SER PY 2007 VL 45 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.3189/172756407782282426 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BGT65 UT WOS:000250427700002 ER PT S AU Josberger, EG Bidlake, WR March, RS Kennedy, BW AF Josberger, Edward G. Bidlake, William R. March, Rod S. Kennedy, Ben W. BE Sharp, M TI Glacier mass-balance fluctuations in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska, USA SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 46, 2007 SE Annals of Glaciology-Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Cryospheric Indicators of Global Climate Change CY AUG 21-25, 2006 CL Cambridge, ENGLAND SP Int Glaciol Soc, British Antarct Res, IUGG Commiss Cryospher Sci, World Climate Res Program Climate & Cryosphere Project ID SEA-LEVEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WASHINGTON; AMERICA; VARIABILITY AB The more than 40year record of net and seasonal mass-balance records from measurements made by the United States Geological Survey on South Cascade Glacier, Washington, and Wolverine and Gulkana Glaciers, Alaska, shows annual and interannual fluctuations that reflect changes in the controlling climatic conditions at regional and global scales. As the mass-balance record grows in length, it is revealing significant changes in previously described glacier mass-balance behavior, and both inter-glacier and glacier-climate relationships. South Cascade and Wolverine Glaciers are strongly affected by the warm and wet maritime climate of the northeast Pacific Ocean. Their net balances have generally been controlled by winter accumulation, with fluctuations that are strongly related to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Recently, warm dry summers have begun to dominate the net balance of the two maritime glaciers, with a weakening of the correlation between the winter balance fluctuations and the PDO. Non-synchronous periods of positive and negative net balance for each glacier prior to 1989 were followed by a 1989-2004 period of synchronous and almost exclusively negative net balances that averaged -0.8 m for the three glaciers. C1 US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Josberger, EG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, 934 Broadway,Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM ejosberg@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 978-0-946417-41-4 J9 ANN GLACIOL-SER PY 2007 VL 46 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.3189/172756407782871314 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BGW54 UT WOS:000250954200042 ER PT S AU Satake, K Atwater, BF AF Satake, Kenji Atwater, Brian F. TI Long-term perspectives on giant earthquakes and tsunamis at subduction zones SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES SE Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE palcoseismology; earthquake recurrence; earthquake forecasting; Sumatra; Chile; Cascadia; Hokkaido ID SUMATRA-ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; 1700 CASCADIA EARTHQUAKE; 1960 CHILEAN EARTHQUAKE; 26 DECEMBER 2004; SOUTH AMERICA CONVERGENCE; ALEUTIAN EARTHQUAKE; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; OKI EARTHQUAKE; NANKAI TROUGH; TIDE-GAUGE AB Histories of earthquakes and tsunamis, inferred from geological evidence, aid in anticipating future catastrophes. This natural warning system now influences building codes and tsunami planning in the United States, Canada, and Japan, particularly where geology demonstrates the past occurrence of earthquakes and tsunamis larger than those known from written and instrumental records. Under favorable circumstances, paleoseismology can thus provide long-term advisories of unusually large tsunamis. The extraordinary Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 resulted from a fault rupture more than 1000 km in length that included and dwarfed fault patches that had broken historically during lesser shocks. Such variation in rupture mode, known from written history at a few subduction. zones, is also characteristic of earthquake histories inferred from geology on the Pacific Rim. C1 Geol Survey Japan, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Satake, K (reprint author), Geol Survey Japan, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. EM kenji.satake@aist.go.ip; atwater@usgs.gov RI Satake, Kenji/E-2312-2011 OI Satake, Kenji/0000-0002-3368-3085 NR 95 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 5 U2 52 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6597 BN 978-0-8243-2035-5 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 2007 VL 35 BP 349 EP 374 DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.35.031306.140302 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 175KM UT WOS:000247012500012 ER PT J AU Snieder, R Hubbard, S Haney, M Bawden, G Hatchell, P Revil, A AF Snieder, Roel Hubbard, Susan Haney, Matthew Bawden, Gerald Hatchell, Paul Revil, Andre CA DOE Geophysical Monitoring Working TI Advanced noninvasive geophysical monitoring techniques SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES SE Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE time-lapse; deformation; fluid flow; biogeochemical processes ID CODA WAVE INTERFEROMETRY; APERTURE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; GULF-OF-MEXICO; GREENS-FUNCTION; CROSS-CORRELATION; SEISMIC VELOCITY; VADOSE ZONE; TEMPORAL-CHANGES AB Geophysical methods can be used to create images of the Earth's interior that constitute snapshots at the moment of data acquisition. In many applications, it is important to measure the temporal change in the subsurface, because the change is associated with deformation, fluid flow, temperature changes, or changes in material properties. We present an over-view of how noninvasive geophysical methods can be used for this purpose. We focus on monitoring mechanical properties, fluid transport, and biogeochemical processes, and present case studies that illustrate the use of geophysical methods for detecting time-lapse changes in associated properties. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Wave Phenomena, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geophys, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Shell Int Explorat & Prod Inc, Rijswijk, Netherlands. CNRS, CEREGE, Dept Hydrogeophys & Porous Media, F-13545 Aix En Provence 4, France. RP Snieder, R (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Wave Phenomena, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rsnieder@mines.edu; gbawden@usgs.gov; Paul.Hatchell@Shell.com; revil@cerege.fr RI Hubbard, Susan/E-9508-2010; OI Wapenaar, Kees/0000-0002-1620-8282; Gerstoft, Peter/0000-0002-0471-062X NR 124 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 17 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6597 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 2007 VL 35 BP 653 EP 683 DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.35.092006.145050 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 175KM UT WOS:000247012500021 ER PT B AU Luco, N Karaca, E AF Luco, N. Karaca, E. BE Kanda, J Takada, T Furuta, H TI Extending the USGS national seismic hazard maps and ShakeMaps to probabilistic building damage and risk maps SO APPLICATIONS OF STATISICS AND PROBABILITY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Application of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2007 CL Tokyo, JAPAN C1 [Luco, N.; Karaca, E.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Luco, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-45134-5 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 509 EP 510 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BHC68 UT WOS:000252204100197 ER PT J AU Bohlke, JK Verstraeten, IM Kraemer, TF AF Bohlke, John Karl Verstraeten, Ingrid M. Kraemer, Thomas F. TI Effects of surface-water irrigation on sources, fluxes, and residence times of water, nitrate, and uranium in an alluvial aquifer SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GROUND-WATER; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; HIGH-PLAINS; NITROGEN; DENITRIFICATION; RECHARGE; USA; PRECIPITATION; CONTAMINATION; SOLUBILITY AB Effects of surface-water irrigation on an alluvial aquifer were evaluated using chemical and isotopic data including delta(2)H, delta(18)O, (3)H, delta(3)He, Ar, N(2), delta(15)N, and (234)U/(238)U activity ratios in a transect of nested wells in the North Platte River valley in western Nebraska, USA. The data were used to evaluate sources and fluxes of H(2)O, NO(3)(-) and U, all of which were strongly affected by irrigated agriculture. Combined results indicate that the alluvial aquifer was dominated by irrigation water that had distinctive chemical and isotopic features that were inherited from the North Platte River or acquired from agricultural soils or recharge processes. Values of delta(2)H, delta(18)O, Ar and Ne indicate that most of the ground water in the alluvial aquifer was irrigation water that was derived from the North Platte River and distributed during the growing season. The irrigation water was identified by an evaporated isotopic signature that was acquired by the river in major upstream reservoirs in Wyoming, and by relatively warm gas-equilibration temperatures related to warm-season recharge. Apparent (3)H-(3)He ages indicate that the ground water in the alluvium was stratified and mostly < 30 a old, with apparent recharge rates varying widely from about 0.2 to > 3.0 m/a. Age gradients and NO(3)(-) concentrations indicate that recharge occurred by a combination of focused leakage from irrigation canals (rapid local recharge, low NO(3)(-)) and distributed infiltration beneath the irrigated agricultural fields (lower recharge, high NO(3)(-)). Large amounts of U with relatively low (234)U/(238)U activity ratios were present in the alluvial aquifer as a result of irrigation with U-bearing river water, and minor amounts of U with higher 234u/238u activity ratios were added locally from basal and underlying volcanic-rich sediments. Distributions of NO(3)(-), delta(15)N[NO(3)(-)], dissolved gases, and ground-water ages indicate that NO(3)(-) concentrations increased and delta(15)N[NO(3)(-)] values decreased in distributed recharge in the last few decades, possibly in relation to a documented increase in the agricultural use of artificial fertilizers. Canal leakage caused substantial dilution of NO(3)(-) within the alluvial aquifer, whereas denitrification occurred mainly near the bottom of the alluvium. The average residence time of the irrigation water within the aquifer was relatively short (about 9 a) and reactions such as respiration, denitrification and U exchange in the saturated zone had relatively little effect on the overall composition of the alluvial ground water in comparison to what they might have had in the absence of irrigation recharge. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Bohlke, JK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jkbohlke@usgs.gov NR 71 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 152 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.019 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 135HJ UT WOS:000244144400009 ER PT J AU Darby, BJ Neher, DA Belnap, J AF Darby, Brian J. Neher, Deborah A. Belnap, Jayne TI Soil nematode communities are ecologically more mature beneath late- than early-successional stage biological soil crusts SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chihuahuan Desert; Colorado Plateau; cyanobacteria; maturity index; nematodes; soil food webs; succession ID BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; NITROGEN-FIXATION; DESERT SOILS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; FILENCHUS-MISELLUS; COLORADO PLATEAU; DUNE SUCCESSION; FEEDING-HABITS; WIND EROSION AB Biological soil crusts are key mediators of carbon and nitrogen inputs for arid land soils and often represent a dominant portion of the soil surface cover in and lands. Free-living soil nematode communities reflect their environment and have been used as biological indicators of soil condition. In this study, we test the hypothesis that nematode communities are successionally more mature beneath well-developed, late-successional stage crusts than immature, early-successional stage crusts. We identified and enumerated nematodes by genus from beneath early- and late-stage crusts from both the Colorado Plateau, Utah (cool, winter rain desert) and Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico (hot, summer rain desert) at 0-10 and 10-30 cm depths. As hypothesized, nematode abundance, richness, diversity, and successional maturity were greater beneath well-developed crusts than immature crusts. The mechanism of this aboveground-belowground link between biological soil crusts and nematode community composition is likely the increased food, habitat, nutrient inputs, moisture retention, and/or environmental stability provided by late-successional crusts. Canonical correspondence analysis of nematode genera demonstrated that nematode community composition differed greatly between geographic locations that contrast in temperature, precipitation, and soil texture. We found unique assemblages of genera among combinations of location and crust type that reveal a gap in scientific knowledge regarding empirically derived characterization of dominant nematode genera in deserts soils and their functional role in a crust-associated food web. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. USGS, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Darby, BJ (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 105 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM brian.darby@uvm.edu NR 72 TC 46 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.04.006 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 115VI UT WOS:000242761500020 ER PT J AU Hard, JJ Elliott, DG Pascho, RJ Chase, DM Park, LK Winton, JR Campton, DE AF Hard, J. J. Elliott, D. G. Pascho, R. J. Chase, D. M. Park, L. K. Winton, J. R. Campton, D. E. TI Potential trade-offs in resistance of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawyacha) to two bacterial pathogens resulting from selection of broodstock based on antigen level SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Symposium on Genetics in Aquaculture CY JUN 26-30, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE SP Inst Francais Rech Exploitat Mer, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Argon Dev, CNRS, Syndicat Select Avicoles Aquacoles Francais C1 [Hard, J. J.; Park, L. K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Elliott, D. G.; Pascho, R. J.; Chase, D. M.; Winton, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Campton, D. E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PY 2007 VL 272 SU 1 BP S267 EP S267 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.084 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 247MJ UT WOS:000252083500094 ER PT J AU Piazza, BP La Peyre, MK AF Piazza, Bryan P. La Peyre, Megan K. TI Restoration of the annual flood pulse in Breton Sound, Louisiana, USA: habitat change and nekton community response SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nekton; community assembly; water depth; freshwater diversion; drop sampler; estuary; Louisiana ID SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; FRESH-WATER INFLOW; SALT-MARSH; TROPICAL RIVER; SMALL FISHES; ESTUARINE; PATTERNS; CRUSTACEANS; GRADIENTS; SELECTION AB Riverine pulse events are hypothesized to benefit estuarine nekton resources by making high-quality habitat available for exploitation; however, few studies focus on the actual nekton use of this ephemerally flooded habitat during the flood pulse event. We evaluated the effects of pulsed freshwater flow on nekton density, biomass, diversity and community assembly through 2 winter/spring (February and March) experimental high-flow riverine discharge events in the upper reaches of the Breton Sound estuary, Louisiana, USA in 2005. Nekton were caught with a 1 m(2) drop sampler at flooded vegetated marsh sites in areas both receiving (inflow) and not receiving (reference) pulsed freshwater flow. Inflow marsh sites had significantly greater water depth and were flooded for over twice as long as reference marshes. Significantly higher nekton density and biomass were found at flooded inflow marsh sites than reference marsh sites. Nekton communities were similar and dominated by estuarine resident species (Palaemonetes paludosus, Heterandria formosa, Gambusia affinis, Lucania parva, Poecilia latipinna, Cyprinodon variegatus). The C-score metric (EcoSim) indicated that while initial colonization (1 to 3 d) of flooded sites was random, species assembly following longer-term flooding (7 to 10 d) suggested non-random colonization (p < 0.0001; EcoSim) and supported the coexistence principle. Despite significant coexistence, subtle differences in community assembly were seen among the resident guild, with evidence of segregation driven by water depth (p = 0.002; canonical correspondence analysis). C1 [Piazza, Bryan P.; La Peyre, Megan K.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, USGS Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Piazza, BP (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, USGS Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM bpiazza@lsu.edu FU Louisiana Governor's Applied Coastal Research and Development Program; Louisiana State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Protocol [05-008] FX S. Hillen (JHT) and L. Rozas (NOAA Fisheries Service) provided technical assistance and field support. C. Carmaday, W. Cochran, B. Gossman, S. Piazza, A. Piehler, M. Piehler, S. Pierliuissi, and A. Podey provided field assistance, M. Fischer (IAP Worldwide Services) provided technical assistance in the preparation of the manuscript. M. Benge and M. Farizo (Delacroix Corporation) provided land access rights, lodging, and support of LSU coastal research. C. Villarubia, T. Bernhard (Louisiana Department of Natural Resources), L. Serpas (Plaquemines Parish) and the Caernarvon Interagency Advisory Committee provided experimental freshwater pulses. T. Minello (NOAA Fisheries Service), S. Piazza (USGS), and G. Snedden (USGS) reviewed the manuscript. This work was funded by the Louisiana Governor's Applied Coastal Research and Development Program and was conducted in accordance with institutional, national and international guidelines concerning the use of animals in research (Louisiana State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Protocol #05-008). NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.3354/ab00013 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 351UU UT WOS:000259452200002 ER PT S AU Burger, CV Barnes, ME AF Burger, Carl V. Barnes, Michael E. BE Knuth, BA Siemer, WF TI The role of the American Fisheries Society in fostering aquatic resource stewardship: Past successes, future opportunities SO Aquatic Stewardship Education in Theory and Practice SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Theory and Practice of Aquatic Stewardship Education CY SEP 14, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Recreat Boating & Fishing Fdn, Sport Fishing & Boating Partnership Council, US Dept Interior Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resouces AB The American Fisheries Society (AFS) is the oldest professional organization for fisheries scientists in the world. Through its evolution from a fish culture organization to a multifaceted association of diverse specialists, AFS began to implement strategic planning by the early 1990s. Its 2004 Strategic Plan establishes priorities for aquatic stewardship, with three core goals: policy leadership, public education, and resource conservation advocacy. Without leadership and advocacy for local and global stewardship, aquatic resource goals are unattainable. What role should AFS play in fostering future stewardship efforts? With whom should AFS partner and for what goals? To gain insights to answer these questions, several AFS parent society and unit leaders were canvassed to identify examples of stewardship successes at all society levels. The resulting examples were organized into seven major areas encompassing one or more of the stewardship focus areas: (1) scientific communication, (2) resource policy advocacy, (3) global outreach, (4) education, (5) youth activities, (6) habitat restoration and assessments, and (7) leadership development. Responses provided many suggestions for advancing AFS stewardship goals, such as involvement in State Wildlife Grant programs, the National Fish Habitat Initiative, more leadership development/mentor programs, and global partnerships. A major conclusion is that novel opportunities abound and that AFS should seek to cultivate relationships with nontraditional partners such as watershed coalitions, land trust organizations, and community-based service groups. AFS has had many stewardship successes. However, future successes will depend on how AFS leverages its expertise, synergizes innovative partnerships, and creates new connections to promote tangible accomplishments in aquatic resource stewardship. The AFS strategic plan, if fully embraced by all AFS units and creatively leveraged with partners, is the launch pad for catalyzing future strategies that build on past successes. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Fisheries Program Complex, E Orland, ME 04431 USA. RP Burger, CV (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Fisheries Program Complex, 306 Hatchery Rd, E Orland, ME 04431 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-90-2 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2007 VL 55 BP 117 EP 123 PG 7 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Fisheries SC Education & Educational Research; Fisheries GA BGE87 UT WOS:000246360500012 ER PT J AU Spears, BL Hansen, JA Audet, DJ AF Spears, Brian L. Hansen, James A. Audet, Daniel J. TI Blood lead concentrations in waterfowl utilizing lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT; NORTHERN IDAHO; RIVER-BASIN; SMELTING COMPLEX; CANADA GEESE; TUNDRA SWANS; CYGNUS-OLOR; INGESTION; TOXICITY; MALLARDS AB The Coeur d'Alene River Basin, Lake Coeur d'Alene, and the Spokane River contain elevated heavy metal concentrations in sediment and water from historical mining and ore processing operations in the Coeur d'Alene Basin. Lead poisoning has been identified as the cause of death in hundreds of waterfowl utilizing wetlands in the floodplain of the Coeur d'Alene River, but little was known about hazards to waterfowl from heavy metal contamination in shallow bays and wetlands of Lake Coeur d'Alene. We examined lake sediment and blood lead concentrations in waterfowl utilizing Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, to evaluate potential lead contamination of waterfowl utilizing the lake. We collected 56 palustrine and 102 lacustrine sediment samples and 61 mallard and 8 wood duck blood samples. Mean lead concentrations from palustrine and lacustrine sediment samples ranged from 14 to 3508 mg/kg dry weight (dw) and from 19 to 5009 mg/kg (dw), respectively. Lead concentrations in palustrine and lacustrine sediment from several Lake Coeur d'Alene bays were higher than those in lake reference areas and were higher than Bunker Hill Superfund Site target cleanup levels and suggested site-specific toxicity thresholds for swans. Mean blood lead from mallard and wood ducks sampled from Lake Coeur d'Alene bays were within lead toxicity ranges for waterfowl associated with clinical and severe clinical lead poisoning. We also collected 19 Canada goose and 3 mallard fecal samples to evaluate exposure through sediment ingestion. Waterfowl using Lake Coeur d'Alene appear to be exposed to lead by ingesting contaminated lake sediment. Our model predicts a sediment lead effects range of 147-944 mg/kg (dw) and mortality effects level of 1652 mg/kg (dw) for mallards utilizing Lake Coeur d'Alene. The locations of Harrison Slough, Powderhorn Bay, and Cottonwood Bay at the mouth of the Coeur d'Alene River and Blackwell Island and Cougar Bay near the Spokane River outflow of Lake Coeur d'Alene were the areas of greatest concern for waterfowl exposure to lead contaminated sediment. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Columbia Fish & Wildlife Off, Spokane, WA 99206 USA. RP Spears, BL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Columbia Fish & Wildlife Off, 11103 E Montgomery Dr, Spokane, WA 99206 USA. EM Brian_Spears@fws.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 52 IS 1 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1007/s00244-006-0061-z PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 113UR UT WOS:000242623800016 PM 17082999 ER PT J AU Custer, CM Custer, TW Hill, EF AF Custer, Christine M. Custer, Thomas W. Hill, Elwood F. TI Mercury exposure and effects on cavity-nesting birds from the Carson River, Nevada SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SWALLOWS TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; LAHONTAN RESERVOIR SYSTEM; TREE SWALLOWS; WADING BIRDS; ARDEA-ALBUS; USA; BIOACCUMULATION; CONTAMINATION; HYDROCARBONS; SEDIMENTS AB Mercury (Hg) concentrations were 15-40 times higher in the eggs and livers of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) and house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) that nested along the Carson River at and below Dayton, Nevada than in the same species above the mining-impacted areas. Hg contamination was mainly the result of processing mills in the 1800s that used Hg to separate gold and silver from ore. The exposure pattern of tree swallows and house wrens along the Carson River was consistent with their trophic status (i.e., lower levels in liver tissue of aquatic insectivores than in piscivorous birds nesting nearby). Even though they are aquatic insectivores, tree swallows and house wrens were exposed to the same amount of Hg as piscivores in the Florida Everglades; this indicated the extreme level of Hg contamination in the Carson River. Only 70-74% of the eggs hatched. This was less than the nationwide average for these two species that generally hatch >= 85% of eggs. Although the sample size was small, Hg might be impacting reproductive end points in cavity-nesting birds from the Carson River. Other trace elements were present at background concentrations. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Custer, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ccuster@usgs.gov RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 52 IS 1 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1007/s00244-006-0103-6 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 113UR UT WOS:000242623800017 PM 17083002 ER PT B AU Anderson, MT Pool, DR Leake, SA AF Anderson, Mark T. Pool, Donald R. Leake, Stanley A. BE Colby, BG Jacobs, KL TI The Water Supply of Arizona The Geographic Distribution of Availability and Patterns of Use SO ARIZONA WATER POLICY: MANAGEMENT INNOVATIONS IN AN URBANIZING, ARID REGION SE Issues in Water Resource Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Anderson, Mark T.] US Geol Survey, S Dakota Water Sci Ctr, Rapid City, SD USA. [Anderson, Mark T.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Leake, Stanley A.] US Geol Survey, Lower Colorado Reg Water Availabil Study, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Pool, Donald R.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Anderson, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Dakota Water Sci Ctr, Rapid City, SD USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1616 P STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-1-933115-34-4 J9 ISSUES WATER RESOURC PY 2007 BP 45 EP 60 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BKA58 UT WOS:000267591300004 ER PT J AU Doucet, SM McDonald, DB Foster, MS Clay, RP AF Doucet, Stephanie M. McDonald, David B. Foster, Mercedes S. Clay, Rob P. TI Plumage development and molt in Long-tailed Manakins (Chiroxiphia linearis): Variation according to sex and age SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Chiroxiphia lincaris; cooperation; delayed plumage maturation; hierarchy; leks; Long-tailed Manakin; plumage coloration ID MALE-MALE COOPERATION; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; DELAYED MATURATION; TROPICAL BIRDS; 2-YEAR DELAY; LEKKING BIRD; SELECTION; MALES; DICHROMATISM; EVOLUTION AB -Lek-mating Long-tailed Manakins (Chiroxiphia linearis) exhibit an unusual pattern of delayed plumage maturation. Each year, males progress through a series of predefinitive plumages before attaining definitive plumage in their fifth calendar year. Females also exhibit variation in plumage coloration, with some females displaying male-like plumage characteristics. Using data from mist-net captures in northwest Costa Rica (n = 1,315) and museum specimens from throughout the range of Long-tailed Manakins (n = 585), we documented the plumage sequence progression of males, explored variation in female plumage, and described the timing of molt in this species. Males progressed through a series of age-specific predefinitive plumages, which enabled the accurate aging of predefinitive-plumaged males in the field; this preclefinitive plumage sequence is the basis for age-related status- signaling in these males. Females tended to acquire red coloration in the crown as they aged. However, colorful plumage in females may be a byproduct of selection on bright male plumage. Females exhibited an early peak of molt activity from February to April, little molt from May through July, and a second, more pronounced peak of molt activity in October. By contrast, males in older predefinitive-plumage stages and males in definitive plumage exhibited comparable unimodal distributions in molt activity beginning in June and peaking between July and October. Our data are consistent with selective pressure to avoid the costs of molt-breeding overlap in females and older males. Our findings have important implications for social organization and signaling in Longtailed Manakins, and for the evolution of delayed plumage maturation in birds. Received 20 May 2005, accepted 5 January 2006. C1 Univ Windsor, Dept Biol Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. RP Doucet, SM (reprint author), BirdLife Int, Vicente Cardenas E5-7S & Japon,3er Piso,CP 17-17-, Quito, Ecuador. EM sdoucet@uwindsor.ca RI McDonald, David/C-3195-2008 OI McDonald, David/0000-0001-8582-3775 NR 47 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2007 VL 124 IS 1 BP 29 EP 43 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[29:PDAMIL]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 131GF UT WOS:000243855900003 ER PT J AU Diefenbach, DR Marshall, MR Mattice, JA Brauning, DW AF Diefenbach, Duane R. Marshall, Matthew R. Mattice, Jennifer A. Brauning, Daniel W. TI Incorporating availability for detection in estimates of bird abundance SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Ammodramus henslowii; Ammodramus savannarum; availability; detection probability; distance sampling; double-observer sampling; Grasshopper Sparrow; Henslow's Sparrow; point counts ID OBSERVER DIFFERENCES; AERIAL SURVEYS; POINT COUNTS; RATES; PROBABILITY; PASSERINES; DESIGN; OUTPUT; MODEL AB Several bird-survey methods have been proposed that provide an estimated detection probability so that bird-count statistics can be used to estimate bird abundance. However, some of these estimators adjust counts of birds observed by the probability that a bird is detected and assume that all birds are available to be detected at the time of the survey. We marked male Henslow's Sparrows (Ammodrainus henslowii) and Grasshopper Sparrows (A. savannarum) and monitored their behavior during May-July 2002 and 2003 to estimate the proportion of time they were available for detection. We found that the availability of Henslow's Sparrows declined in late June to < 10% for 5- or 10-min point counts when a male had to sing and be visible to the observer; but during 20 May-19 June, males were available for detection 39.1% (SD = 27.3) of the time for 5-min point counts and 43.9% (SID = 28.9) of the time for 10-min point counts (n = 54). We detected no temporal changes in availability for Grasshopper Sparrows, but estimated availability to be much lower for 5-min point counts (10.3%, SID = 12.2) than for 10-min point counts (19.2%, SID = 22.3) when males had to be visible and sing during the sampling period (n = 80). For distance sampling, we estimated the availability of Henslow's Sparrows to be 44.2% (SD = 29.0) and the availability of Grasshopper Sparrows to be 20.6% (SID = 23.5). We show how our estimates of availability can be incorporated in the abundance and variance estimators for distance sampling and modify the abundance and variance estimators for the double-observer method. Methods that directly estimate availability from bird counts but also incorporate detection probabilities need further development and will be important for obtaining unbiased estimates of abundance for these species. Received 12 October 2004, accepted 9 January 2006. C1 Penn State Univ, Natl Pk Serv, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Diefenbach, DR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Natl Pk Serv, Sch Forest Resources, 422 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ddiefenbach@psu.edu NR 30 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2007 VL 124 IS 1 BP 96 EP 106 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[96:IAFDIE]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 131GF UT WOS:000243855900009 ER PT J AU Bonter, DN Donovan, TM Brooks, AW AF Bonter, David N. Donovan, Therese M. Brooks, Andelizabeth W. TI Daily mass changes in landbirds during migration stopover on the south shore of Lake Ontario SO AUK LA English DT Article DE bird migration; landbirds; mass gain; stopover ID SPRING MIGRATION; FAT DEPOSITION; MIGRANTS; PREDATION; WARBLERS; PATTERNS; WEATHER; MEXICO; SITES; COAST AB Assigning conservation priorities to areas used by birds during migration requires information on the relative quality of areas and habitats. The rate at which migratory birds replenish energy reserves during stopover may be used as an indicator of stopover-site quality. We estimated the rate of mass gain of 34 landbird species during stopover at a near-shore terrestrial site on the south shore of Lake Ontario in New York during 12 migration seasons from 1999 to 2004. The average rate of mass gain was estimated by relating a measure of condition to time of capture (hour after sunrise) with linear regression. Data from 25,385 captures were analyzed. Significantly positive rates of mass change were detected for 20 of 30 species during spring migration and 19 of 21 species during autumn migration. No significantly negative trends were detected in either season. Daily rates of mass gain across all species averaged 9.84% of average lean body weight during spring migration and 9.77% during autumn migration. Our regression estimates were significantly greater than estimates from traditional analyses that examine mass changes in recaptured birds. Analyses of mass changes in recaptured birds revealed a mean daily change of -0.68% of average lean mass in spring and 0.13% in autumn. Because of sampling biases inherent in recapture analyses, the regression approach is likely more accurate when the assumptions of the method are met. Similar studies in various habitats, landscapes, and regions are required to prioritize conservation efforts targeting migratory stages of the annual cycle. Received 13 February 2005, accepted 7 February 2006. C1 Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Braddock Bay Bird Observ, Rochester, NY 14612 USA. RP Bonter, DN (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ornithol Lab, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM dnb23@cornell.edu RI Bonter, David/H-1313-2013 OI Bonter, David/0000-0003-1768-1941 NR 27 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2007 VL 124 IS 1 BP 122 EP 133 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[122:DMCILD]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 131GF UT WOS:000243855900011 ER PT J AU Paxton, KL Van Riper, C Theimer, TC Paxton, EH AF Paxton, Kristina L. Van Riper, Charles, III Theimer, Tad C. Paxton, Eben H. TI Spatial and temporal migration patterns of Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla) in the southwest as revealed by stable isotopes SO AUK LA English DT Article DE deuterium; migration; migratory connectivity; Neotropical migrant; stable isotopes; Wilsonia pusilla; Wilson's Warbler ID LEAP-FROG MIGRATION; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT; WINTERING GROUNDS; SPRING MIGRATION; CATCHMENT AREAS; BIRD MIGRATION; WOOD WARBLERS; POPULATION; FEATHERS; SONGBIRD AB We used stable hydrogen isotopes (delta D) to identify the breeding locations of Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla) migrating through five sites spanning a cross-section of the species' southwestern migration route during the springs of 2003 and 2004. Determining the temporal and spatial patterns of migration and degree of population segregation during migration is critical to understanding long-term population trends of migrant birds. At all five migration sites, we found a significant negative relationship between the date Wilson's Warblers passed through the sampling station and delta D values of their feathers. These data were consistent with a pattern of "leap-frog" migration, in which individuals that bred the previous season at southern latitudes migrated through migration stations earlier than individuals that had previously bred at more northern latitudes. We documented that this pattern was consistent across sites and in multiple years. This finding corroborates previous research conducted on Wilson's Warbler during the fall migration. In addition, mean delta D values became more negative across sampling stations from west to east, with the mean delta D values at each station corresponding to different geographic regions of the Wilson's Warblers' western breeding range. These data indicate that Wilson's Warblers passing through each station represented a specific regional subset of the entire Wilson's Warbler western breeding range. As a result, habitat alterations at specific areas across the east-west expanse of the bird's migratory route in the southwestern United States could differentially affect Wilson's Warblers at different breeding areas. This migration information is critical for management of Neotropical migrants, especially in light of the rapid changes presently occurring over the southwestern landscape. Received 1 June 2005, accepted 25 January 2006. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Paxton, KL (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM kristina.l.paxton@usm.edu OI Paxton, Eben/0000-0001-5578-7689 NR 57 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2007 VL 124 IS 1 BP 162 EP 175 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[162:SATMPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 131GF UT WOS:000243855900014 ER EF