FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Wood, DA Fisher, RN Reeder, TW AF Wood, Dustin A. Fisher, Robert N. Reeder, Tod W. TI Novel patterns of historical isolation, dispersal, and secondary contact across Baja California in the Rosy Boa (Lichanura trivirgata) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE mitochondrial DNA; nested clade; Lichanura; Baja California; desert southwest; phylogeography ID MITOCHONDRIAL-GENE TREES; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; FRINGE-TOED LIZARD; STATISTICAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; COLORADO PLATEAU; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA AB Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation was examined in 131 individuals of the Rosy Boa (Lichanura trivirgata) from across the species range in southwestern North America. Bayesian inference and nested clade phylogeographic analyses (NCPA) were used to estimate relationships and infer evolutionary processes. These patterns were evaluated as they relate to previously hypothesized vicariant events and new insights are provided into the biogeographic and evolutionary processes important in Baja California and surrounding North American deserts. Three major lineages (Lineages A, B, and C) are revealed with very little overlap. Lineage A and B are predominately separated along the Colorado River and are found primarily within California and Arizona (respectively), while Lineage C consists of disjunct groups distributed along the Baja California peninsula as well as south-central Arizona, southward along the coastal regions of Sonora, Mexico. Estimated divergence time points (using a Bayesian relaxed molecular clock) and geographic congruence with postulated vicariant events suggest early extensions of the Gulf of California and subsequent development of the Colorado River during the Late Miocene-Pliocene led to the formation of these mtDNA lineages. Our results also suggest that vicariance hypotheses alone do not fully explain patterns of genetic variation. Therefore, we highlight the importance of dispersal to explain these patterns and current distribution of populations. We also compare the mtDNA lineages with those based on morphological variation and evaluate their implications for taxonomy. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wood, Dustin A.; Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Reeder, Tod W.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Wood, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Sprunace Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM dawood@usgs.gov OI Wood, Dustin/0000-0002-7668-9911 NR 126 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 484 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.11.014 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 276ID UT WOS:000254133600007 PM 18248742 ER PT J AU Kuffner, IB Andersson, AJ Jokiel, PL Rodgers, KS Mackenzie, FT AF Kuffner, Ilsa B. Andersson, Andreas J. Jokiel, Paul L. Rodgers, Ku'ulei S. Mackenzie, Fred T. TI Decreased abundance of crustose coralline algae due to ocean acidification SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; LARVAL METAMORPHOSIS; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; CALCIFICATION; REEFS; CONSEQUENCES; COMMUNITY; SEDIMENTS; CALCITES; SYSTEM AB Owing to anthropogenic emissions, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide could almost double between 2006 and 2100 according to business- as- usual carbon dioxide emission scenarios(1). Because the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere(2-4), increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations will lead to increasing dissolved inorganic carbon and carbon dioxide in surface ocean waters, and hence acidification and lower carbonate saturation states(2,5). As a consequence, it has been suggested that marine calcifying organisms, for example corals, coralline algae, molluscs and foraminifera, will have difficulties producing their skeletons and shells at current rates(6,7), with potentially severe implications for marine ecosystems, including coral reefs(6,8 - 11). Here we report a seven-week experiment exploring the effects of ocean acidification on crustose coralline algae, a cosmopolitan group of calcifying algae that is ecologically important in most shallow-water habitats(12-14). Six outdoor mesocosms were continuously supplied with sea water from the adjacent reef and manipulated to simulate conditions of either ambient or elevated seawater carbon dioxide concentrations. The recruitment rate and growth of crustose coralline algae were severely inhibited in the elevated carbon dioxide mesocosms. Our findings suggest that ocean acidification due to human activities could cause significant change to benthic community structure in shallow-warm-water carbonate ecosystems. C1 [Kuffner, Ilsa B.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Andersson, Andreas J.; Mackenzie, Fred T.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Andersson, Andreas J.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges, Bermuda. [Jokiel, Paul L.; Rodgers, Ku'ulei S.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Kuffner, IB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ikuffner@usgs.gov; andreas.andersson@bios.edu RI Kuffner, Ilsa/A-6416-2008; OI Kuffner, Ilsa/0000-0001-8804-7847 NR 30 TC 267 Z9 273 U1 26 U2 208 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 114 EP 117 DI 10.1038/ngeo100 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 309AY UT WOS:000256433300015 ER PT J AU Haeseker, SL Peterman, RM Su, ZM AF Haeseker, Steven L. Peterman, Randall M. Su, Zhenming TI Retrospective evaluation of preseason forecasting models for sockeye and chum salmon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SURVIVAL RATES; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; PACIFIC SALMON; PINK SALMON; SPATIAL COVARIATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FRASER-RIVER; PRODUCTIVITY; GORBUSCHA; PATTERNS AB Using comprehensive data sets for chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta (40 stocks) and sockeye salmon O. nerka (37 stocks) throughout their North American ranges, we compared the retrospective performance of I I models in preseason forecasting of adult abundance. Chum and sockeye salmon have more complicated age structures than pink salmon O. gorbuscha, which we investigated previously (Haeseker et al. 2005), and this complexity presents new challenges as well as opportunities for forecasting. We extended our previous work to include two new forecasting models that make use of leading indicators: either the survival rate of earlier-maturing pink salmon from the same brood year (Ricker pink salmon index model) or the abundance of earlier-maturing siblings (hybrid sibling model, a new version of the standard sibling model). No single forecasting model was consistently the best for either chum or sockeye salmon, but the hybrid sibling model frequently performed best based on mean absolute error, mean percent error, and root mean square error. As was observed for pink salmon, several naive models (i.e., simple time series models without explicitly modeled mechanisms) also performed well, as did forecast averaging models composed of two models with the least-correlated forecasting errors. In general, model ranking depended on the particular stock and performance measure used. However, even the top-ranked model for each stock explained on average only 21% of the observed interannual variation in chum salmon recruitment and only 36% of the variation in sockeye salmon recruitment. Although improvements may be possible for some stocks in specific circumstances, a major breakthrough in general forecasting ability seems unlikely given the breadth of stocks and models examined to date. Therefore, better in-season updates and adjustments to fishing regulations and a cautious approach to opening and closing fisheries should remain high priorities. C1 [Haeseker, Steven L.; Peterman, Randall M.; Su, Zhenming] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Haeseker, SL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fishery Program Off, 1211 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM steve_haeseker@fws.gov RI Su, Zhenming/G-2857-2011 NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 12 EP 29 DI 10.1577/M06-287.1 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274WC UT WOS:000254032500002 ER PT J AU Walsh, MG Maloy, AP AF Walsh, Maureen G. Maloy, Aaron P. TI Comparison of rainbow smelt age estimates from fin rays and otoliths SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOUTHERN LAKE-ONTARIO; OSMERUS-MORDAX; WALLEYE POLLOCK; GREAT-LAKES; PRECISION; ACCURACY; SCALES; TROUT; RECRUITMENT; VALIDATION AB Rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax, although normative, are an important component of the offshore food web in the Laurentian Great Lakes. In Lake Ontario, we estimate ages of rainbow smelt annually to study population dynamics such as year-class strength and age-specific growth and mortality. Since the early 1980s, we have used pectoral fin rays to estimate rainbow smelt ages, but the sectioning and mounting of fin rays are time and labor intensive. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of using otoliths rather than fin rays to estimate rainbow smelt ages. Three readers interpreted the ages of 172 rainbow smelt (60-198 mm total length) based on thin sections of pectoral fin rays, whole otoliths with no preparation, and whole otoliths that had been cleared for 1 month in a 70:30 ethanol : glycerin solution. Bias was lower and precision was greater for fin rays than for otoliths; these results were consistent for comparisons within readers (first and second readings by one individual; three readers were used) and between readers (one reading for each reader within a pair). Both otolith methods appeared to misclassify age-1 rainbow smelt. Fin ray ages had the highest precision and provided the best approximation of age estimates inferred from the Lake Ontario population's length frequency distribution and from our understanding of this population. C1 [Walsh, Maureen G.; Maloy, Aaron P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. RP Walsh, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. EM mwalsh@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1577/M06-292.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274WC UT WOS:000254032500004 ER PT J AU Hrodey, PJ Sutton, TM AF Hrodey, Peter J. Sutton, Trent M. TI Fish community responses to half-log additions in warmwater streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID WOODY DEBRIS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; HABITAT ENHANCEMENT; INSTREAM HABITAT; WINTER HABITAT; POPULATIONS; INVERTEBRATES; RESTORATION; WASHINGTON; RIVER AB Half-log habitat enhancement structures are commonly used for stream restoration projects to increase fish abundance and biomass. Half logs (N = 108) were added to nine headwater streams of the upper Wabash River basin, Indiana, in July 2003. Study sites (25 in in length) were sampled with backpack electrofishing once each month during July-October 2003 and April-September 2004 to document the colonization and use of half logs by fish under agriculture, forest, and fallow-field land uses. Index of biotic integrity (IBI) scores did not change significantly after half-log additions. The effects of half-log habitat enhancement structures were variable by month, stream, and in some cases, individual fish species. Species richness and biomass significantly increased in two study streams during spring and fall due to the presence of bluntnose minnow Piniephales notatus and longear sunfish Lepomis megalotis. Absolute abundance within most sites increased during periods of low flow and high temperature in late summer and early fall, when fish are most vulnerable to predation and require habitat refugia. Fish use of half logs was also dictated by the amount of instream habitat, especially where percentages of aquatic vegetation (mean = 0.0%) and large woody debris (mean = 0.67%) were low and the percentage of pool habitat was moderate (mean = 10.53%). In this study, we found that with the exception of IBI scores, significant manipulation response was variable by stream and species and was influenced by instream habitat and time of year. C1 [Hrodey, Peter J.; Sutton, Trent M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Sutton, TM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 4001 N Wilson Way, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. EM tsutton@sfos.uaf.edu RI Sutton, Trent/E-9281-2010 NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 70 EP 80 DI 10.1577/M06-168.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274WC UT WOS:000254032500007 ER PT J AU Makinster, AS Paukert, CP AF Makinster, Andrew S. Paukert, Craig P. TI Effects and utility of minimum length limits and mortality caps for flathead catfish in discrete reaches of a large prairie river SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; MANAGEMENT; AGE; RESERVOIRS; KANSAS; GROWTH AB Populations of flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris in four reaches of the Kansas River, Kansas, were examined to evaluate the effects of three minimum length limits (305 [the minimum size that anglers are willing to harvest], 610, and 762 mm total length [TL]) on population size structure and number harvested over a 30-year simulation. We used electrofishing and hoopnetting to capture and tag flathead catfish throughout the Kansas River from 2005-2006. Current exploitation (u) based on tag returns was probably less than 10%, and total annual mortality A ranged from 14% to 28% across all reaches. Increased river access and promotion of this fishery may increase u in the future, so model simulations were conducted with conditional natural mortality (cm) and u ranging from 10% to 40%. Proportional stock density (PSD) and the relative stock density of preferred-length fish (RSD-P) substantially declined (by >25% and > 15%, respectively) as u increased with the 305-mm TL limit over the 30-year simulation. The PSD showed similar trends across A reaches, indicating that use of different regulations among reaches was not necessary and that differences in growth among reaches were less influential than u and cm. No substantial differences were observed in size structure under the 610- and 762-mm TL limits among reaches, but under a 762-min TL limit anglers would have to sacrifice about 42% of the number harvested under the current cut level. Mortality caps revealed that each reach could sustain an A of about 60% and 55% to maintain current PSD and RSD-P levels, respectively; this result suggests that quality flathead catfish size structure can be preserved. Our results show that the effects (or lack thereof) on flathead catfish and other sport fishes should be evaluated before harvest restrictions are implemented. C1 [Makinster, Andrew S.; Paukert, Craig P.] Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Makinster, AS (reprint author), Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Res Branch, 5000 W Carefree Highway, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. EM amakinsteragf@qwest.net NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1577/M06-268.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274WC UT WOS:000254032500009 ER PT J AU Yule, DL Adams, JV Stockwell, JD Gorman, OT AF Yule, Daniel L. Adams, Jean, V Stockwell, Jason D. Gorman, Owen T. TI Factors affecting bottom trawl catches: Implications for monitoring the fishes of Lake Superior SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL MIGRATION; DIEL VARIATION; PREY FISHES; ABUNDANCE; CATCHABILITY; ACOUSTICS; MICHIGAN; BIOMASS; DESIGN; NIGHT AB An annual daytime bottom trawl survey of the Lake Superior fish community designed in 1978 does not adequately assess the entire community. Whereas recent studies have recommended that pelagic species be surveyed with a combination of acoustic and midwater trawling methods (AC-MT), we used bottom trawling to study the effects of depth, diel period, and season on biomass estimates and the sizes of bottom-oriented species. Day and night bottom trawl samples were collected within 48 h at three depths (30, 60, and 120 in) at a Lake Superior site during eight sampling periods that included two seasons each year (early summer and late summer to early fall) for 2 years (2004 and 2005). Depth significantly affected the biomass of seven of the eight species analyzed, while diel period affected the biomass of six species. For most species, average biomass levels were higher at night. The effect of season on biomass was comparatively low (three species were significantly affected). Depth significantly affected the sizes of six bottom-oriented species, as the average length of most species increased with depth. The effects of diel period (three species) and season (one species) on average length were comparatively small. By adding night bottom trawl samples to night AC-MT collections, the entire fish community of Lake Superior can be monitored with a single lakewide survey employing multiple gears. The establishment of offshore sampling (i.e., where depths exceed 80 in) will provide estimates of deepwater species that have been largely undersampled by the 1978-designed survey. We recommend that the present fish community survey be maintained, albeit at a reduced level, until a nighttime survey time series is well established (in 3-5 years). C1 [Yule, Daniel L.; Adams, Jean, V; Gorman, Owen T.] US Geol Survey, Lake Superior Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Stockwell, Jason D.] Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Yule, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Superior Biol Stn, 2800 Lakeshore Dr, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM dyule@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 109 EP 122 DI 10.1577/M06-289.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274WC UT WOS:000254032500010 ER PT J AU Banish, NP Peterson, JT Thurow, RF AF Banish, Nolan P. Peterson, James T. Thurow, Russell F. TI Physical, biotic, and sampling influences on diel habitat use by stream-dwelling bull trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN STREAM; VARDEN SALVELINUS-MALMA; CUTTHROAT TROUT; BROOK TROUT; MICROHABITAT USE; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; WARMWATER STREAM; CHINOOK SALMON AB We used daytime and nighttime underwater observation to assess microhabitat use by bull trout Salvelinus confluentus (N = 213) in streams of the intermountain western USA during the summers of 2001 and 2002. We recorded fish focal points and measured a set of habitat characteristics as well as habitat availability via line transects. Bull trout were benthic and solitary; most (88%) were observed at night. We developed a conditional logistic regression model to account for the effect of fish movement in response to snorkeling, and we fitted 18 candidate models to evaluate the relative influences of biotic and abiotic factors on habitat use. The candidate models were also fitted with a naive logistic regression (i.e., no movement) to evaluate the effects of movement on inferences of microhabitat use. The most plausible model describing bull trout habitat use was the same for the conditional and naive regressions and included depth, velocity, percent rubble substratum, and the day X depth, body size X depth, and body size X day X depth interactions. The presence of brook trout S.fontinalis and the abundance of conspecifics did not strongly influence microhabitat use by bull trout. The relative rankings of the remaining models differed substantially between the conditional and naive models. Relative to the conditional models, the naive models overestimated the importance of diurnal differences in habitat use and overestimated the use of deepwater habitats, particularly during the day. Both model types suggested that all sizes of bull trout were generally found in deeper, low-velocity habitat at night, whereas small bull trout (70-90 mm total length) were found in shallower habitats during the day. We recommend that biologists account for fish movement in response to sampling to avoid biasing modeled habitat use patterns by bull trout. C1 [Banish, Nolan P.; Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Thurow, Russell F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Peterson, JT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM peterson@forestry.uga.edu NR 78 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 176 EP 187 DI 10.1577/M06-273.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274WC UT WOS:000254032500015 ER PT J AU Sakaris, PC Irwin, ER AF Sakaris, Peter C. Irwin, Elise R. TI Validation of daily ring deposition in the otoliths of age-0 channel catfish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID DAILY GROWTH INCREMENTS; FLATHEAD CATFISH; RIVER; BASS; VERIFICATION; RECRUITMENT; MORTALITY AB We developed and validated methods for estimating the daily age of age-0 channel catfish lctalurus punctatus. Two clutches of channel catfish eggs were hatched in the laboratory; subsequently, one was stocked in a 186-m(2) earthen nursery pond and the other in a 757-L outdoor circular tank. Before stocking, subsamples of fish were collected at swim-up and 3 d after swim-up to evaluate early ring formation. Fish were sampled from the pond and tank on eight occasions ranging from 30 to 119 d posthatch. Distinct differences in early ring formation were found between yolk sac and free-swimming larval stages. Mean ring count and known age were closely related for tank- and pond-raised fish, indicating that daily ring deposition occurred in the otoliths of age-0 channel catfish up to 119 d posthatch. The accuracy of daily age estimation was similar between tank and pond samples, and daily ring counts were considerably accurate up to 60 d posthatch. Pond-raised fish were more difficult to age than tank-raised fish, which we attributed to ring compression resulting from slower growth among pond-raised fish after 30 d. The total length of tank- and pond-raised fish was positively related to otolith size; however, the slopes of the relationships between fish length and otolith radius were different between treatments. Therefore, we could not confirm that the relationship between fish length and otolith size was directly proportional for age-0 channel catfish. We encourage researchers to use this aging technique to determine how abiotic and biotic factors influence early life history characteristics and ultimately the population dynamics of catfishes (Ictaluridae). C1 [Sakaris, Peter C.] Auburn Univ, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Irwin, Elise R.] Auburn Univ, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Sakaris, PC (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 3301 Forestry & Wildlife Sci Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM psakaris@spsu.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 212 EP 218 DI 10.1577/M06-176.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274WC UT WOS:000254032500020 ER PT J AU Monnot, L Dunham, JB Hoem, T Koetsier, P AF Monnot, Lauri Dunham, Jason B. Hoem, Tammy Koetsier, Peter TI Influences of body size and environmental factors on autumn downstream migration of bull trout in the Boise River, Idaho SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; UPPER FLATHEAD RIVER; LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT USE; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; STREAM FISH; MONTANA; WINTER AB Many fishes migrate extensively through stream networks, yet patterns are commonly described only in terms of the origin and destination of migration (e.g., between natal and feeding habitats). To better understand patterns of migration in bull trout,Salvelinus confluentus we studied the influences of body size (total length [TL]) and environmental factors (stream temperature and discharge) on migrations in the Boise River basin, Idaho. During the autumns of 2001-2003, we tracked the downstream migrations of 174 radio-tagged bull trout ranging in size from 21 to 73 cm TL. The results indicated that large bull trout (>30 cm) were more likely than small fish to migrate rapidly downstream after spawning in headwater streams in early autumn. Large bull trout also had a higher probability of arriving at the current terminus of migration in the system, Arrowrock Reservoir. The rate of migration by small bull trout was more variable and individuals were less likely to move into Arrowrock Reservoir. The rate of downstream migration by all fish was slower when stream discharge was greater. Temperature was not associated with the rate of migration. These findings indicate that fish size and environmentally related changes in behavior have important influences on patterns of migration. In a broader context, these results and other recent work suggest, at least in some cases, that commonly used classifications of migratory behavior may not accurately reflect the full range of behaviors and variability among individuals (or life stages) and environmental conditions. C1 [Monnot, Lauri] Idaho Dept Environm Qual, Boise Reg Off, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Monnot, Lauri; Hoem, Tammy] US Bur Reclamat, Snake River Area Off, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Koetsier, Peter] Boise State Univ, Dept Biol, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Dunham, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jdunham@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1577/M06-095.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274WC UT WOS:000254032500022 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP O'Gorman, R Bunnell, DB Argyle, RL Roseman, EF Warner, DM Stockwell, JD Stapanian, MA AF Madenjian, Charles P. O'Gorman, Robert Bunnell, David B. Argyle, Ray L. Roseman, Edward F. Warner, David M. Stockwell, Jason D. Stapanian, Martin A. TI Adverse effects of alewives on Laurentian Great Lakes fish communities SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review ID SEA LAMPREY CONTROL; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; WHITEFISH COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; LARVAL YELLOW PERCH; DEEP-WATER SCULPIN; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; RAINBOW SMELT; SALMONID COMMUNITY; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; NEARSHORE WATERS AB The alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, an invader to the Laurentian Great Lakes from the Atlantic Ocean, has been blamed for causing major disruptions of Great Lakes fish communities during the past 50 years. We reviewed the literature and examined long-term data on fish abundances in the Great Lakes to develop a new synthesis on the negative effects of alewives on Great Lakes fish communities. The results indicated that certain fish populations are substantially more vulnerable to the effects of alewives than others. More specifically, the effects of alewives on other fish populations appeared to follow a continuum-from such fishes as slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus, lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis, and bloater Coregonus hoyi, which were relatively unsusceptible-to Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, and emerald shiner Notropis atherinoides, which were highly susceptible. Intermediate species in this continuum included yellow perch Perca flavescens, deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii, and burbot Lota Iota. The predominant mechanism by which alewives exerted their negative effect appeared to be predation on the larvae of other fishes. The key factor in the extirpation of Atlantic salmon from Lake Ontario, however, was probably early mortality syndrome induced by a diet rich in alewives. We conclude that the degree of restoration of the native Great Lakes fish community depends in part on the degree of control of the alewife population. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.; Bunnell, David B.; Argyle, Ray L.; Roseman, Edward F.; Warner, David M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [O'Gorman, Robert] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontorio Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Stockwell, Jason D.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov RI Warner, David/C-8858-2009; OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747; Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273; Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 NR 127 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 6 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 263 EP 282 DI 10.1577/M07-012.1 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274WC UT WOS:000254032500026 ER PT J AU Beacham, TD Wetklo, M Wallace, C Olsen, JB Flannery, BG Wenburg, JK Templin, WD Antonovich, A Seeb, LW AF Beacham, T. D. Wetklo, M. Wallace, C. Olsen, J. B. Flannery, B. G. Wenburg, J. K. Templin, W. D. Antonovich, A. Seeb, L. W. TI The application of Microsatellites for stock identification of Yukon River Chinook salmon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PACIFIC RIM; INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; GENETIC-VARIATION; SOCKEYE-SALMON; LOCI; MARKERS; FISHERIES AB In a cooperative project among three agencies, variation at 30 microsatellite loci was surveyed for 19 populations of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from the Yukon River. The observed number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 63. Loci with a greater number of alleles displayed lower genetic differentiation index (F-ST) values, but loci with lower FST Values also tended to provide more-accurate estimates of stock composition. The observed number of alleles was related to the power of the locus for providing accurate estimates of stock composition of simulated single-population samples. Mean estimated stock compositions for these mixtures ranged from 38.9% for simulations of single loci with fewer than 10 alleles to 85.5% for simulated loci with more than 60 alleles. Reliable population-specific estimation of stock composition was obtained with a minimum of five loci. Comparison of microsatellite stock identification power with an existing nine-locus single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) baseline indicated that nine SNPs or a single microsatellite locus can provide accurate and reasonably precise estimates of stock composition to country of origin. In comparisons of population-specific estimation, the nine-SNP baseline was approximately equivalent to a single microsatellite locus with 17-22 alleles. Mixed-stock analysis applying the microsatellite baseline outlined in this study can accurately and precisely allocate Chinook salmon to units useful for management, such as region or major drainage, providing managers with a powerful tool for assessing and regulating fisheries. C1 [Beacham, T. D.; Wetklo, M.; Wallace, C.] Pacific Biol Stn, Dept Fisheries & Ocean, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Olsen, J. B.; Flannery, B. G.; Wenburg, J. K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Beacham, TD (reprint author), Pacific Biol Stn, Dept Fisheries & Ocean, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. EM beachamt@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 46 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 283 EP 295 DI 10.1577/M06-253.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274WC UT WOS:000254032500027 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Madenjian, CP AF Pothoven, Steven A. Madenjian, Charles P. TI Changes in consumption by alewives and lake whitefish after dreissenid mussel invasions in Lakes Michigan and Huron SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE POPULATIONS; ONTARIO FOLLOWING INVASION; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; ZEBRA MUSSEL; YELLOW PERCH; PREY SIZE; COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; BIOENERGETICS MODEL AB Growth of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus and lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis has declined since the arrival and spread of dreissenid mussels in Lakes Michigan and Huron. Alewives are the main forage for the salmonids in Lake Michigan, and lake whitefish are the most important commercial species in both lakes. Bioenergetics modeling was used to determine consumption by the average individual fish before and after the dreissenid invasion and to provide insight into the invasion's effects on fish growth and food web dynamics. Alewives feed on both zooplankton and benthic macroinvertebrates, and lake whitefish are benthivores. Annual consumption of zooplankton by an average alewife in Lake Michigan was 37% lower and consumption of benthic macroinvertebrates (amphipods Diporeia spp., opossum shrimp Mysis relicta, and Chironomidae) was 19% lower during the postinvasion period (1995-2005) than during the preinvasion period (1983-1994). Reduced consumption by alewives corresponded with reduced alewife growth. In Lakes Michigan and Huron, consumption of nonmollusk macroinvertebrates (Diporeia spp., opossum shrimp, Chironomidae) by the average lake whitefish was 46-96% lower and consumption of mollusks (mainly dreissenids and gastropods) was 2-5 times greater during the postinvasion period than during the preinvasion period. Even though total food consumption by lake whitefish did not differ between the two periods in Lake Huron or the Southern Management Unit in Lake Michigan, postinvasion weight at age was at least 38% lower than preinvasion weight at age. Under the current postinvasion diet regime, consumption by take whitefish would have to increase by up to 122% to achieve preinvasion growth rates. C1 [Pothoven, Steven A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 NR 59 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 6 U2 38 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 308 EP 320 DI 10.1577/M07-022.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274WC UT WOS:000254032500030 ER PT J AU Chastain, RA Struckhoff, MA He, HS Larsen, DR AF Chastain, Robert A., Jr. Struckhoff, Matthew A. He, Hong S. Larsen, David R. TI Mapping vegetation communities using statistical data fusion in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri, USA SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID COVER CLASSIFICATION; SPATIAL RESOLUTIONS; DECISION TREES; IMAGERY; TRANSFORMATION; INTENSITY; MODEL; ROC AB A vegetation community map was produced for the Ozark National Scenic Riverways consistent with the association level of the National Vegetation Classification System. Vegetation communities were differentiated using a large array of variables derived from remote sensing and topographic data, which were fused into independent mathematical functions using a discriminant analysis classification approach. Remote sensing data provided variables that discriminated vegetation communities based on differences in color, spectral reflectance, greenness, brightness, and texture. Topographic data facilitated differentiation of vegetation communities based on indirect gradients (e.g., landform position, slope, aspect), which relate to variations in resource and disturbance gradients. Variables derived from these data sources represent both actual and potential vegetation community patterns on the landscape. A hybrid combination of statistical and photointerpretation methods was used to obtain an overall accuracy of 63 percent for a map with 49 vegetation community and land-cover classes, and 78 percent for a 33-class map of the study area. C1 [Chastain, Robert A., Jr.] IMNW LEW PWE MS 17, Environm & Nat Resources Div, Ft Lews Directorate Publ Works, Ft Lewis, WA 98433 USA. [Chastain, Robert A., Jr.; He, Hong S.; Larsen, David R.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Struckhoff, Matthew A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Chastain, RA (reprint author), IMNW LEW PWE MS 17, Environm & Nat Resources Div, Ft Lews Directorate Publ Works, Box 339500, Ft Lewis, WA 98433 USA. EM robert.chastain2@us.army.mil OI He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 NR 55 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 2 BP 247 EP 264 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 263FR UT WOS:000253203500015 ER PT J AU Titus, TN Colaprete, A Prettyman, TH AF Titus, Timothy N. Colaprete, Anthony Prettyman, Thomas H. TI Introduction to planetary and space science special issue: Mars polar processes SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEASONAL CAP; WATER ICE; TES C1 [Titus, Timothy N.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Colaprete, Anthony] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Prettyman, Thomas H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Titus, TN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM ttitus@usgs.gov OI Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 147 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.002 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268GO UT WOS:000253567500001 ER PT J AU Calvin, WM Titus, TN AF Calvin, W. M. Titus, T. N. TI Summer season variability of the north residual cap of Mars as observed by the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES) SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mars; north polar cap; frost mobility; water ice ID MARTIAN POLAR CAPS; ORBITER CAMERA OBSERVATIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE ICE; WATER ICE; MU-M; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; LASER ALTIMETER; CO2 ICE; ABSORPTION AB Previous observations have noted the change in albedo in a number of North Pole bright outliers and in the distribution of bright ice deposits between Mariner 9, Viking, and Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) data sets. Changes over the summer season as well as between regions at the same season (L-s) in different years have been observed. We used the bolometric albedo and brightness temperature channels of the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) on the MGS spacecraft to monitor north polar residual ice cap variations between Mars years and within the summer season for three northern Martian summers between July 1999 and April 2003. Large-scale brightness variations are observed in four general areas: (1) the patchy outlying frost deposits from 90 to 270 degrees E, 75 to 80 degrees N; (2) the large "tail" below the Chasma Boreale and its associated plateau from 315 to 45 degrees E, 80 to 85 degrees N, that we call the "Boreale Tongue" and in Hyperboreae Undae; (3) the troughed terrain in the region from 0 to 120 degrees E longitude (the lower right on a polar stereographic projection) we have called "Shackleton's Grooves" and (4) the unit mapped as residual ice in Olympia Planitia. We also note two areas which seem to persist as cool and bright throughout the summer and between Mars years. One is at the "source" of Chasma Boreale (similar to 15 degrees E: 85 degrees N) dubbed "McMurdo", and the "Cool and Bright Anomaly (CABA)" noted by Kieffer and Titus 2001. TES Mapping of Mars' north seasonal cap. Icarus 154, 162-180] at similar to 330 degrees E, 87 degrees N called here "Vostok". Overall defrosting occurs early in the summer as the temperatures rise and then after the peak temperatures are reached (L-s similar to 110) higher elevations and outlier bright deposits cold trap and re-accumulate new frost. Persistent bright areas are associated with either higher elevations or higher background albeclos suggesting complex feedback mechanisms including cold-trapping of frost due to albedo and elevation effects, as well as influence of mesoscale atmospheric dynamics. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Calvin, W. M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Titus, T. N.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Calvin, WM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, MS172,1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM wcalvin@unr.edu; ttitus@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 212 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.005 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268GO UT WOS:000253567500005 ER PT J AU Wagstaft, KL Titus, TN Ivanova, AB Castano, R Bandfield, JL AF Wagstaft, Kiri L. Titus, Timothy N. Ivanova, Anton B. Castano, Rebecca Bandfield, Joshua L. TI Observations of the north polar water ice annulus on Mars using THEMIS and TES SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mars polar caps; water ice; seasonal ice; THEMIS; TES ID SUMMER TEMPERATURES; CO2 FROST; SURFACE; CYCLE; CAP AB The Martian seasonal CO2 ice caps advance and retreat each year. In the spring, as the CO2 cap gradually retreats, it leaves behind an extensive defrosting zone from the solid CO2 cap to the location where all CO2 frost has sublimated. We have been studying this phenomenon in the north polar region using data from the THermal EMission Imaging System (THEMIS), a visible and infra-red (IR) camera on the Mars Odyssey spacecraft, and the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) on Mars Global Surveyor. Recently, we discovered that some THEMIS images of the CO2 defrosting zone contain evidence for a distinct defrosting phenomenon: some areas just south of the CO2 cap edge are too bright in visible wavelengths to be defrosted terrain, but too warm in the IR to be CO2 ice. We hypothesize that we are seeing evidence for a seasonal annulus of water ice (frost) that recedes with the seasonal CO2 cap, as predicted by previous workers. In this paper, we describe our observations with THEMIS and compare them to simultaneous observations by TES and OMEGA. All three instruments find that this phenomenon is distinct from the CO2 cap and most likely composed of water ice. We also find strong evidence that the annulus widens as it recedes. Finally, we show that this annulus can be detected in the raw THEMIS data as it is collected, enabling future long-term onboard monitoring. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wagstaft, Kiri L.; Ivanova, Anton B.; Castano, Rebecca] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Titus, Timothy N.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Bandfield, Joshua L.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Wagstaft, KL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kiri.wagstaff@jpl.nasa.gov RI Ivanov, Anton/C-8944-2014; OI Ivanov, Anton/0000-0001-8376-8581; Wagstaff, Kiri/0000-0003-4401-5506 NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 256 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.008 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268GO UT WOS:000253567500009 ER PT J AU Schiff, CJ Kaufman, DS Wallace, KL Werner, A Ku, TL Brown, TA AF Schiff, Caleb J. Kaufman, Darrell S. Wallace, Kristi L. Werner, Al Ku, Teh-Lung Brown, Thomas A. TI Modeled tephra ages from lake sediments, base of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska SO QUATERNARY GEOCHRONOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tephrochronology; Redoubt Volcano; tephra; cook inlet; volcanic hazards; tephra-fall frequency; Alaska ID SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; UPPER COOK INLET; RADIOCARBON AGE; C-14 DATA; DEPOSITS; CALIBRATION; REGRESSION; ERUPTION; RECORD; DEPTH AB A 5.6-m-long lake sediment core from Bear Lake, Alaska, located 22 km southeast of Redoubt Volcano, contains 67 tephra layers deposited over the last 8750 cal yr, comprising 15% of the total thickness of recovered sediment. Using 12 AMS C-14 ages, along with the Cs-137 and Pb-210 activities of recent sediment, we evaluated different models to determine the age-depth relation of the core, and to determine the age of each tephra deposit. The selected age model is based on a mixed-effect regression that was passed through the adjusted tephra-free depth of each dated layer. The estimated age uncertainty of the 67 tephras averages +/- 105 yr (95% confidence intervals). Tephra-fall frequency at Bear Lake was among the highest during the past 500 yr, with eight tephras deposited compared to an average of 3.7/500 yr over the last 8500 yr. Other periods of increased tephra fall occurred 2500-3500, 4500-5000, and 7000-7500 cal yr. Our record suggests that Bear Lake experienced extended periods (1000-2000 yr) of increased tephra fall separated by shorter periods (500-1000 yr) of apparent quiescence. The Bear Lake sediment core affords the most comprehensive tephrochronology from the base of the Redoubt Volcano to date, with an average tephra-fall frequency of one every 130 yr. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schiff, Caleb J.; Kaufman, Darrell S.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Wallace, Kristi L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Werner, Al] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Earth & Environm, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Ku, Teh-Lung] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Brown, Thomas A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Kaufman, DS (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Darrell.Kaufman@nau.edu RI Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008 OI Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1871-1014 J9 QUAT GEOCHRONOL JI Quat. Geochronol. PD FEB-MAY PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 56 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.quageo.2007.05.001 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 254TR UT WOS:000252611400004 ER PT J AU Slate, JL AF Slate, Janet L. TI Tephrochronology: An appreciation of the contributions of Andrei Sarna-Wojcicki SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Slate, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jslate@usgs.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 178 BP 10 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2007.10.018 PG 1 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 292ZP UT WOS:000255304900003 ER PT J AU Ku, YP Chen, CH Newhall, CG Song, SR Yang, TF Iizuka, Y McGeehin, J AF Ku, Yueh-Ping Chen, Chang-Hwa Newhall, Christopher G. Song, Sheng-Rong Yang, Tsanyao Frank Iizuka, Yoshiyuki McGeehin, John TI Determining an age for the Inararo Tuff eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, based on correlation with a distal ash layer in core MD97-2142, South China Sea SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID TEPHRA FALL DEPOSITS; GREENLAND ICE CORE; LUZON ARC; SOUTHWESTERN LUZON; RECENT ENRICHMENT; VOLCANIC ASH; ISLAND-ARC; PHILIPPINES; GEOCHEMISTRY; PETROGENESIS AB The largest known eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in the late Quaternary was the Inararo Tuff Formation (ITF) eruption, roughly estimated as five times larger than the 1991 eruption. The precise age of the ITF eruption has been uncertain. Here, a correlative of the ITF eruption, Layer D, is identified in marine sediments, and an age obtained. Tephras were identified in core MD97-2142 of Leg 11 of the IMAGES III cruise in northern offshore of Palawan, southeastern South China Sea (12 degrees 41.33'N, 119 degrees 27.90'E). On the basis of the geochemical and isotopic fingerprints, Layer D can be correlated with the ITF eruption of the modern Pinatubo-eruption sequence. By means of the MD97-2142 SPECMAP chronology, Layer D was dated at around 81 +/- 2 ka. This estimated age of the ITF eruption and tephra Layer D coincides with an anomalously high SO4-2 spike occurring within the 5 millennia from 79 to 84 ka in the GISP2 ice core record. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chen, Chang-Hwa; Iizuka, Yoshiyuki] Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Ku, Yueh-Ping; Song, Sheng-Rong; Yang, Tsanyao Frank] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Newhall, Christopher G.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McGeehin, John] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Chen, CH (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, POB 1-55, Taipei 115, Taiwan. EM china@earth.sinica.edu.tw RI Yang, Tsanyao/B-4721-2009 OI Song, Sheng-Rong/0000-0001-5428-4318; Yang, Tsanyao/0000-0002-5843-0957 NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 178 BP 138 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2007.02.025 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 292ZP UT WOS:000255304900013 ER PT J AU Riehle, JR Ager, TA Reger, RD Pinney, DS Kaufman, DS AF Riehle, J. R. Ager, T. A. Reger, R. D. Pinney, D. S. Kaufman, D. S. TI Stratigraphic and compositional complexities of the late Quaternary Lethe tephra in South-central Alaska SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID BED AB Recently discovered Lethe tephra has been proposed as a latest Pleistocene marker bed in Bristol Bay lowland NE to the Cook Inlet region, Alaska, on the basis of correlations involving a single "Lethe average" glass composition. Type deposits in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, however, are chemically heterogeneous-individual lapilli as well as aggregate ash deposits have glass compositions that range from the average mode to much higher SiO2 and K2O. Moreover, a lake-sediment core from the Cook Inlet region contains one ash deposit similar to "Lethe average" and other, closely underlying deposits that resemble a mixture of the average mode and high-Si high-K mode of proximal deposits. Synthesis of previously published radiocarbon ages indicates a major eruption mainly of "Lethe average" mode about 13,000 C-14 yr BP. As many as six deposits in the Cook Inlet region-five chiefly "Lethe average" mode-range from about 13,000 to 15-16,000 C-14 yr BP, and an early Holocene deposit in the Bristol Bay lowland extends the minimum age range of Lethe tephra throughout this region to 8000 C-14 yr BP. Because of the appearance of "Lethe average" composition in multiple deposits spanning thousands of years, we urge caution when using a Lethe-like composition as a basis for inferring a latest Pleistocene age of a tephra deposit in south-central Alaska. Linear variation plots suggest that magma mixing caused the Lethe heterogeneity; multiple magmas were involved as well in other large pyroclastic eruptions such as Katmai (Alaska) and Rotorua (New Zealand). Lethe is an example of a heterogeneous tephra that may be better compared with other tephras by use of plots of individual analytical points rather than by calculating similarity coefficients based on edited data. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Ager, T. A.] US Geol Survey, MS980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Pinney, D. S.] ADGGS, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Kaufman, D. S.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Riehle, JR (reprint author), 16245 Chasewood Ln, Anchorage, AK 99516 USA. EM xcskier@gci.net; tager@usgs.gov; rdreger@acsalaska.net; deanne@dnr.state.ak.us; Darrell.Kaufman@nau.edu RI Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008 OI Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 178 BP 210 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2006.09.006 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 292ZP UT WOS:000255304900017 ER PT J AU Dethier, DP Dragovich, JD Sarna-Wojcicki, AM Fleck, RJ AF Dethier, D. P. Dragovich, J. D. Sarna-Wojcicki, A. M. Fleck, R. J. TI Pumice in the interglacial Whidbey Formation at Blowers Bluff, central Whidbey Island, WA, USA SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN PUGET LOWLAND; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; VOLCANIC FIELD; WASHINGTON; AGE; GLACIOMARINE; SEDIMENTS; PATTERNS; TEPHRA AB A new Ar-40/Ar-39 age of 128 +/- 9 ka and chemical analyses of pumice layers from interglacial alluvium at Blowers Bluff, Whidbey Island, WA, show that the deposits are part of the Whidbey Formation, a widespread, mainly subsurface unit. Glass chemistry of the dated dacitic pumice does not match any analyzed northern Cascade source, but upper Pleistocene dacites from Glacier Peak and early Pleistocene silicic rocks from the Kulshan caldera are chemically similar. The chemistry of pumiceous dacite in younger units, including the latest Pleistocene Partridge Gravel, is similar to that of the dated material. The deep troughs of the modern northern Puget lowland must have been filled during deposition of the Whidbey Formation, allowing volcanic-rich sediment to reach what is now Whidbey Island. Topographic analysis of LIDAR images demonstrates that extensive erosion occurred during latest Pleistocene ice retreat. The Partridge Gravel likely records subglacial fluvial erosion along an ice tunnel and ice-marginal deposition into adjacent marine waters. Pumice in the Partridge Gravel probably was reworked from stratigraphically and topographically lower deposits, including those at Blowers Bluff. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Dethier, D. P.] Williams Coll, Dept Geosci, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. [Dragovich, J. D.] Nat Resources, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Sarna-Wojcicki, A. M.; Fleck, R. J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dethier, DP (reprint author), Williams Coll, Dept Geosci, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. EM ddethier@williams.edu NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 178 BP 229 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2007.03.013 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 292ZP UT WOS:000255304900018 ER PT J AU Miller, DM Oviatt, CG Nash, BP AF Miller, David M. Oviatt, Charles G. Nash, Barbara P. TI Late Pleistocene Hansel Valley basaltic ash, northern Lake Bonneville, Utah, USA SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SNAKE-RIVER-PLAIN; IDAHO; RADIOCARBON; QUATERNARY; ERUPTIONS; BASIN AB The Hansel Valley ash bed lies within 5 cm of the base of deposits of Lake Bonneville (similar to 28 ka) in the vicinity of Great Salt Lake and provides a useful stratigraphic marker for this area of the lake basin. However, it has not been matched to an eruptive edifice, presumably because such an edifice was eroded by waves of Lake Bonneville. We present data for the chemical composition of the tephra and for possible matching lavas and tephras of the region, as well as grain size data for the tephra in an attempt to identify the location of the eruption. Matches with other tephras are negative, but lavas near the coarsest ash deposits match well with the distinctive high values of TiO2 and P2O5 of the ash. Neither chemistry nor grain size data points uniquely to a source area, but an area near the northwest shore of Great Salt Lake and within Curlew Valley is most likely. The Hansel Valley ash is an example of an ash that has no direct numerical date from proximal deposits, despite considerable study., yet nonetheless is useful for stratigraphic studies by virtue of its known stratigraphic position and approximate age. Basaltic tephras commonly are not as widespread as their rhyolitic counterparts, and in some cases apparently are produced by eruptive sources that are short lived and whose edifices are not persistent. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Geol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Miller, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dmiller@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 178 BP 238 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2007.03.016 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 292ZP UT WOS:000255304900019 ER PT J AU Baron, D Negrini, RM Golob, EM Miller, D Sarna-Wojcicki, A Fleck, RJ Hacker, B Erendi, A AF Baron, Dirk Negrini, Robert M. Golob, Elizabeth M. Miller, Don Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei Fleck, Robert J. Hacker, Bradley Erendi, Alex TI Geochemical correlation and Ar-40/Ar-39 dating of the Kern River ash bed and related tephra layers: Implications for the stratigraphy of petroleum-bearing formations in the San Joaquin Valley, California SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SIERRA-NEVADA; CONSTRAINTS; UPLIFT; FIELD AB The Kern River ash (KRA) bed is a prominent tephra layer separating the K and G sands in the upper part of the Kern River Formation, a major petroleum-bearing formation in the southern San Joaquin Valley (SSJV) of California. The minimum age of the Kern River Formation was based on the tentative major-element correlation with the Bishop Tuff, a 0.759 +/- 0.002 Ma volcanic tephra layer erupted from the Long Valley Caldera. We report a 6.12 +/- 0.05 Ma Ar-40/Ar-39 date for the KRA, updated major-element correlations, trace-element correlations of the KRA and geochemically similar tephra, and a 6.0 +/- 0.2Ma Ar-40/Ar-39 age for a tephra layer from the Volcano Hills/Silver Peak eruptive center in Nevada. Both major and trace-element correlations show that despite the similarity to the Bishop Tuff, the KRA correlates most closely with tephra from the Volcano Hills/Silver Peak eruptive center. This geochemical correlation is supported by the radiometric dates which are consistent with a correlation of the KRA to the Volcano Hills/Silver Peak center but not to the Bishop Tuff. The 6.12 +/- 0.05 Ma age for the KRA and the 6.0 +/- 0.2 Ma age for the tephra layer from the Volcano Hills/Silver Peak eruptive center suggest that the upper age of the Kern River Formation is over 5 Ma older than previously thought. Re-interpreted stratigraphy of the SSJV based on the new, significantly older age for the Kern River Formation opens up new opportunities for petroleum exploration in the SSJV and places better constraints on the tectonostratigraphic development of the SSJV. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Baron, Dirk; Negrini, Robert M.; Golob, Elizabeth M.] Calif State Univ, Dept Phys & Geol, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA. [Miller, Don] Bankers Petr, Camarillo, CA 93010 USA. [Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei; Fleck, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hacker, Bradley] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Erendi, Alex] Chevron Corp, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA. RP Baron, D (reprint author), Calif State Univ, Dept Phys & Geol, 9001 Stockdale Highway, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA. EM dbaron@csub.edu RI Hacker, Bradley/E-7750-2011 NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 178 BP 246 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2007.03.011 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 292ZP UT WOS:000255304900020 ER PT J AU Litvan, ME Stewart, TW Pierce, CL Larson, CJ AF Litvan, M. E. Stewart, T. W. Pierce, C. L. Larson, C. J. TI Effects of grade control structures on the macroinvertebrate assemblage of an agriculturally impacted stream SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE grade control structure; artificial riffle; benthic macroinvertebrates; bank erosion; stream bank stabilization ID ARTIFICIAL RIFFLES; HABITAT STRUCTURE; RIVER REHABILITATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FISH; INVERTEBRATES; MESOHABITAT; DISTURBANCE; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE AB Nearly 400 rock rip-rap grade control structures (hereafter GCS) were recently placed in streams of western Iowa, USA to reduce streambank erosion and protect bridge infrastructure and farmland. In this region, streams are characterized by channelized reaches, highly incised banks and silt and sand substrates that normally support low macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity. Therefore, GCS composed of rip-rap provide the majority of coarse substrate habitat for benthic macroinvertebrates in these streams. We sampled 20 sites on Walnut Creek, Montgomery County, Iowa to quantify macroinvertebrate assemblage characteristics (1) on GCS rip-rap and at sites located (2) 5-50 m upstream of GCS, (3) 5-50 m downstream of GCS and (4) at least I km from any GCS (five sites each). Macroinvertebrate biomass, numerical densities and diversity were greatest at sites with coarse substrates, including GCS sites and one natural riffle site and relatively low at remaining sites with soft substrates. Densities of macroinvertebrates in the orders Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Acariformes were abundant on GCS rip-rap. Increases in macroinvertebrate biomass, density and diversity at GCS may improve local efficiency of breakdown of organic matter and nutrient and energy flow, and provide enhanced food resources for aquatic vertebrates. However, lack of positive macroinvertebrate responses immediately upstream and downstream of GCS suggest that positive effects might be restricted to the small areas of streambed covered by GCS. Improved understanding of GCS effects at both local and ecosystem scales is essential for stream management when these structures are present. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Litvan, M. E.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Litvan, M. E.; Stewart, T. W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Pierce, C. L.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Larson, C. J.] Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Lewis, IA 51544 USA. RP Litvan, ME (reprint author), Missouri Dept Conservat, 1110 S Coll Ave, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM Mary.Litvan@mdc.mo.gov NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 218 EP 233 DI 10.1002/rra.1063 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 287CP UT WOS:000254894600007 ER PT J AU Milly, PCD Betancourt, J Falkenmark, M Hirsch, RM Kundzewicz, ZW Lettenmaier, DP Stouffer, RJ AF Milly, P. C. D. Betancourt, Julio Falkenmark, Malin Hirsch, Robert M. Kundzewicz, Zbigniew W. Lettenmaier, Dennis P. Stouffer, Ronald J. TI Climate change - Stationarity is dead: Whither water management? SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MODEL; AVAILABILITY; SENSITIVITY; STREAMFLOW; FLOODS; TIME C1 [Milly, P. C. D.; Stouffer, Ronald J.] NOAA, US Geol Survey, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Betancourt, Julio] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. [Falkenmark, Malin] Stockholm Int Water Inst, SE-11151 Stockholm, Sweden. [Hirsch, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kundzewicz, Zbigniew W.] Polish Acad Sci, Res Ctr Agr & Forest Environm, Poznan, Poland. [Kundzewicz, Zbigniew W.] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, Potsdam, Germany. [Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Milly, PCD (reprint author), NOAA, US Geol Survey, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM cmilly@usgs.gov RI lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; OI lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; Hirsch, Robert/0000-0002-4534-075X NR 25 TC 1259 Z9 1296 U1 46 U2 342 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5863 BP 573 EP 574 DI 10.1126/science.1151915 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 257AQ UT WOS:000252772000023 PM 18239110 ER PT J AU Oden, CP Olhoeft, GR Wright, DL Powers, MH AF Oden, C. P. Olhoeft, G. R. Wright, D. L. Powers, M. H. TI Measuring the electrical properties of soil using a calibrated ground-coupled GPR system SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Assembly of the European-Geosciences-Union CY APR 02-07, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Geosci Union ID PENETRATING RADAR DATA; WATER-CONTENT; WAVE METHOD; FIELD; RESISTIVITY; SUBSURFACE; MODEL; TDR AB Traditional methods for estimating vadose zone soil properties using ground penetrating radar ( GPR) include measuring travel time, fitting diffraction hyperbolae, and other methods exploiting geometry. Additional processing techniques for estimating soil properties are possible with properly calibrated GPR systems. Such calibration using ground-coupled antennas must account for the effects of the shallow soil on the antenna's response, because changing soil properties result in a changing antenna response. A prototype GPR system using ground-coupled antennas was calibrated using laboratory measurements and numerical simulations of the GPR components. Two methods for estimating subsurface properties that utilize the calibrated response were developed. First, a new nonlinear inversion algorithm to estimate shallow soil properties under ground-coupled antennas was evaluated. Tests with synthetic data showed that the inversion algorithm is well behaved across the allowed range of soil properties. A preliminary field test gave encouraging results, with estimated soil property uncertainties ( +/- sigma) of +/- 1.9 and +/- 4.4 mS/m for the relative dielectric permittivity and the electrical conductivity, respectively. Next, a deconvolution method for estimating the properties of subsurface reflectors with known shapes ( e. g., pipes or planar interfaces) was developed. This method uses scattering matrices to account for the response of subsurface reflectors. The deconvolution method was evaluated for use with noisy data using synthetic data. Results indicate that the deconvolution method requires reflected waves with a signal/noise ratio of about 10: 1 or greater. When applied to field data with a signal/noise ratio of 2: 1, the method was able to estimate the reflection coefficient and relative permittivity, but the large uncertainty in this estimate precluded inversion for conductivity. C1 [Oden, C. P.; Olhoeft, G. R.] Earth Sci Syst LLC, Golden, CO 80402 USA. [Wright, D. L.; Powers, M. H.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO USA. RP Oden, CP (reprint author), Earth Sci Syst LLC, Golden, CO 80402 USA. EM coden@earthsciencesystems.com NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0128 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 288BJ UT WOS:000254960900018 ER PT J AU Flint, AL Flint, LE Dettinger, MD AF Flint, Alan L. Flint, Lorraine E. Dettinger, Michael D. TI Modeling soil moisture processes and recharge under a melting snowpack SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TOUGH Symposium 2006 CY MAY 15-17, 2006 CL Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA HO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab AB Recharge into granitic bedrock under a melting snowpack is being investigated as part of a study designed to understand hydrologic processes involving snow at Yosemite National Park in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. Snowpack measurements, accompanied by water content and matric potential measurements of the soil under the snowpack, allowed for estimates of infiltration into the soil during snowmelt and percolation into the bedrock. During portions of the snowmelt period, infiltration rates into the soil exceeded the permeability of the bedrock and caused ponding to be sustained at the soil-bedrock interface. During a 5-d period with little measured snowmelt, drainage of the ponded water into the underlying fractured granitic bedrock was estimated to be 1.6 cm d(-1), which is used as an estimate of bedrock permeability. The numerical simulator TOUGH2 was used to reproduce the field data and evaluate the potential for vertical flow into the fractured bedrock or lateral flow at the bedrock-soil interface. During most of the snowmelt season, the snowmelt rates were near or below the bedrock permeability. The field data and model results support the notion that snowmelt on the shallow soil overlying low permeability bedrock becomes direct infiltration unless the snowmelt rate greatly exceeds the bedrock permeability. Late in the season, melt rates are double that of the bedrock permeability (although only for a few days) and may tend to move laterally at the soil-bedrock interface downgradient and contribute directly to stream flow. C1 [Flint, Alan L.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Flint, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM aflint@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 350 EP 357 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0135 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 288BJ UT WOS:000254960900036 ER PT J AU Mebane, CA Hennessy, DP Dillon, FS AF Mebane, Christopher A. Hennessy, Daniel P. Dillon, Frank S. TI Developing acute-to-chronic toxicity ratios for lead, cadmium, and zinc using rainbow trout, a mayfly, and a midge SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE acute-to-chronic ratio; ACR; Baetis tricaudatus; cadmium; Chironomus dilutus; Chironomus tentans; ECp; lead; NOEC; oncorhynchus mykiss; statistical power; zinc ID EARLY-LIFE STAGES; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; CHIRONOMUS-TENTANS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; SILVER DISTRIBUTION; EXPOSURE DURATION; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; COPPER EXPOSURE; HYALELLA-AZTECA AB In order to estimate acute-to-chronic toxicity ratios (ACRs) relevant to a coldwater stream community, we exposed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in 96-h acute and 60+ day early-life stage (ELS) exposures. We also tested the acute and sublethal responses of a mayfly (Baetis tricaudatus) and a midge (Chironomus dilutus, formerly C. tentans) with Pb. We examine the statistical interpretation of test endpoints and the acute-to-chronic ratio concept. Increasing the number of control replicates by 2 to 3x decreased the minimum detectable differences by almost half. Pb ACR estimates mostly increased with increasing acute resistance of the organisms (rainbow trout ACRs 3 X 10(4) km(3) of liquid, and >2 X 10(5) km(3) of dune sands) are small compared with estimated photochemical production on Titan over the age of the solar system. The sand volume is too large to be accounted for simply by erosion in observed river channels or ejecta from observed impact craters. The lakes are adequate in extent to buffer atmospheric methane against photolysis in the short term, but do not contain enough methane to sustain the atmosphere over geologic time. Unless frequent resupply from the interior buffers this greenhouse gas at exactly the right rate, dramatic climate change on Titan is likely in its past, present and future. C1 [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Mitchell, Karl L.; Hayes, Alexander G.; Aharonson, Oded; Janssen, Michael A.; Lopes, Rosaly M.; Stiles, Bryan; Ostro, Steve; Mitri, Giuseppe] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Kirk, Randolph L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Zebker, Howard A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Zebker, Howard A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Paillou, Phillipe] Observ Aquitain Sci Univers, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, Florac, France. [Radebaugh, Jani] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Lunine, Jonathan I.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Stofan, Ellen R.] Proxemy Res, Rectortown, VA USA. RP Lorenz, RD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RI Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 NR 32 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 29 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 AR L02206 DI 10.1029/2007GL032118 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 257UH UT WOS:000252823700002 ER PT J AU Geist, EL Parsons, T AF Geist, Eric L. Parsons, Tom TI Distribution of tsunami interevent times SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEISMICITY; EARTHQUAKES; HAZARD; AFTERSHOCKS; CATALOG AB The distribution of tsunami interevent times is analyzed using global and site-specific (Hilo, Hawaii) tsunami catalogs. An empirical probability density distribution is determined by binning the observed interevent times during a period in which the observation rate is approximately constant. The empirical distributions for both catalogs exhibit non-Poissonian behavior in which there is an abundance of short interevent times compared to an exponential distribution. Two types of statistical distributions are used to model this clustering behavior: (1) long-term clustering described by a universal scaling law, and (2) Omori law decay of aftershocks and triggered sources. The empirical and theoretical distributions all imply an increased hazard rate after a tsunami, followed by a gradual decrease with time approaching a constant hazard rate. Examination of tsunami sources suggests that many of the short interevent times are caused by triggered earthquakes, though the triggered events are not necessarily on the same fault. C1 [Geist, Eric L.; Parsons, Tom] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Geist, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM egeist@usgs.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 26 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 AR L02612 DI 10.1029/2007GL032690 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 256TD UT WOS:000252751900007 ER PT J AU Walker, M Seiler, RL Meinert, M AF Walker, Mark Seiler, Ralph L. Meinert, Michael TI Effectiveness of household reverse-osmosis systems in a Western US region with high arsenic in groundwater SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE arsenic; reverse osmosis; private wells ID DOMESTIC WELL WATER; OF-USE TREATMENT; CARSON DESERT; UNITED-STATES; REMOVAL; HEALTH; MEMBRANE; FLUORIDE; QUALITY; NEVADA AB It is well known to the public in Lahontan Valley in rural Nevada, USA, that local aquifers produce water with varied, but sometimes very high concentrations of arsenic (>4 ppm). As a result, many residents of the area have installed household reverse-osmosis (RO) systems to produce drinking water. We examined performance of RO systems and factors associated with arsenic removal efficiency in 59 households in Lahontan Valley. The sampling results indicated that RO systems removed an average of 80.2% of arsenic from well water. In 18 of the 59 households, arsenic concentrations exceeded 10 ppb in treated water, with a maximum in treated water of 180 ppb. In 3 of the 59 households, RO treatment had little effect on specific conductance, indicating that the RO system was not working properly. Two main factors lead to arsenic levels in treated water exceeding drinking-water standards in the study area. First, arsenic concentrations were high enough in some Lahontan Valley wells that arsenic levels exceeded 10 ppb even though RO treatment removed more than 95% of the arsenic. Second, trivalent As' 3 was the dominant arsenic species in approximately 15% of the wells, which significantly reduced treatment efficiency. Measurements of specific conductance indicated that efficiency in reducing arsenic levels did not always correlate with reductions in total dissolved solids. As a consequence, improvements in taste of the water or simple measurements of specific conductance made by technicians to test RO systems can mislead the public into assuming the water meets safety standards. Actual measurements of treated water are necessary to assure that household RO systems are reducing arsenic concentrations to safe levels, particularly in areas where groundwater has high arsenic concentrations or where As+3 is the dominant species. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Walker, Mark] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Seiler, Ralph L.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Meinert, Michael] Univ Nevada, Hydrol Sci Grad Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Walker, M (reprint author), Univ Nevada, MS 370,FA 132,1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM mwalker@cabnr.unr.edu NR 29 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 25 PY 2008 VL 389 IS 2-3 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08.061 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 243WB UT WOS:000251826900004 PM 17919687 ER PT J AU Stollenwerk, KG Breit, GN Welch, AH Yount, JC Whitney, JW Foster, AL Uddin, MN Majumder, RK Ahmed, N AF Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. Breit, George N. Welch, Alan H. Yount, James C. Whitney, John W. Foster, Andrea L. Uddin, M. Nehal Majumder, Ratan K. Ahmed, Nasir TI Arsenic attention by oxidized aquifer sediments in Bangladesh (vol 379, pg 133, 2007) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Correction C1 [Stollenwerk, Kenneth G.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Breit, George N.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Welch, Alan H.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Yount, James C.; Whitney, John W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Foster, Andrea L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Uddin, M. Nehal] Geol Survey Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Majumder, Ratan K.; Ahmed, Nasir] Bangladesh Atom Energy Commiss, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Stollenwerk, KG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 413,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kgstolle@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 25 PY 2008 VL 389 IS 2-3 BP 567 EP 568 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08.018 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 243WB UT WOS:000251826900037 ER PT J AU Ancey, C Iverson, RM Rentschler, M Denlinger, RP AF Ancey, C. Iverson, R. M. Rentschler, M. Denlinger, R. P. TI An exact solution for ideal dam-break floods on steep slopes SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PARTLY CURVED SURFACE; HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE; GRANULAR AVALANCHES; GRAVITY CURRENTS; ARBITRARY SLOPES; UNCONFINED FLOW; SAINT-VENANT; EQUATIONS; BEACH; BOTTOM AB [1] The shallow-water equations are used to model the flow resulting from the sudden release of a finite volume of frictionless, incompressible fluid down a uniform slope of arbitrary inclination. The hodograph transformation and Riemann's method make it possible to transform the governing equations into a linear system and then deduce an exact analytical solution expressed in terms of readily evaluated integrals. Although the solution treats an idealized case never strictly realized in nature, it is uniquely well-suited for testing the robustness and accuracy of numerical models used to model shallow-water flows on steep slopes. C1 [Ancey, C.; Rentschler, M.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Sch Architecture Civil & Environm Engn, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Iverson, R. M.; Denlinger, R. P.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Ancey, C (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Sch Architecture Civil & Environm Engn, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM christophe.ancey@epfl.ch OI Ancey, Christophe/0000-0003-3354-7398 NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 25 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 AR W01430 DI 10.1029/2007WR006353 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 256UQ UT WOS:000252755800003 ER PT J AU Work, TM Aeby, GS Coies, SL AF Work, Thierry M. Aeby, Greta S. Coies, Steve L. TI Distribution and morphology of growth anomalies in Acropora from the Indo-Pacific SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Acropora; growth anomaly; epizootiology; Johnston Atoll; French Frigate Shoals; American Samoa ID CORALS; NEOPLASIA; PALMATA; LESIONS AB We assessed the distribution and prevalence of growth anomalies (GAs) in Acropora from French Frigate Shoals (Hawaii, USA), Johnston Atoll and Tutuila (American Samoa), developed a nomenclature for gross morphology, characterized GAs at the cellular level and obtained preliminary indices of their spatial patterns and progression within coral colonies. Acropora GAs were found in all 3 regions, but the distribution, variety and prevalence of Acropora GAs was highest in American Samoa. GAs were grouped into 7 gross morphologies (exophytic, bosselated, crateriform, nodular, vermiform, fimbriate or annular). On histology, GAs consisted of hyperplastic basal body wall (calicodermis, mesoglea and gastrodermis apposed to skeleton) with 3 distinct patterns of necrosis. There was no evidence of anaplasia or mitotic figures (common but not necessarily required morphologic indicators of neoplasia). Compared to normal tissues, GAs had significantly fewer polyps, zooxanthellae within the gastrodermis of the coenenchyme, mesenterial filaments and gonads but significantly more necrosis. On 2 colonies with GAs monitored at 2 points over 11 mo, numbers of GAs per colony increased from 0.9 to 3 times the original number seen, and significant clustering of GAs occurred within colonies. The evidence of GAs being true neoplasias (tumors) is mixed, so a cautionary approach is urged in use of morphologic terminology. C1 [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlfe Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Aeby, Greta S.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA. [Coies, Steve L.] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlfe Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Room 5-231, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JAN 24 PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 BP 255 EP 264 DI 10.3354/dao01881 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 266PG UT WOS:000253447800011 PM 18380225 ER PT J AU Taylor, SV Cayan, DR Graham, NE Georgakakos, KP AF Taylor, Stephen V. Cayan, Daniel R. Graham, Nicholas E. Georgakakos, Konstantine P. TI Northerly surface winds over the eastern North Pacific Ocean in spring and summer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; COASTAL OCEAN; WEST-COAST; SUBTROPICAL ANTICYCLONES; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; POINT CONCEPTION; UPWELLING REGION; SEASONAL CYCLE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES AB Persistent spring and summer northerly surface winds are the defining climatological feature of the western coast of North America, especially south of the Oregon coast. Northerly surface winds are important for upwelling and a vast array of other biological, oceanic, and atmospheric processes. Intermittence in northerly coastal surface wind is characterized and wind events are quantitatively defined using coastal buoy data south of Cape Mendocino on the northern California coast. The defined wind events are then used as a basis for composites in order to explain the spatial evolution of various atmospheric and oceanic processes. Wind events involve large-scale changes in the three-dimensional atmospheric circulation including the eastern North Pacific subtropical anticyclone and southeast trade winds. Composites of QSCAT satellite scatterometer wind estimates from 1999 to 2005 based on a single coastal buoy indicate that wind events typically last 72-96 h and result in anomalies in surface wind and Ekman pumping that extend over 1000 km from the west coast of North America. It may be useful to consider ocean circulation and dependent ecosystem dynamics and the distribution of temperature, moisture, and aerosols in the atmospheric boundary layer in the context of wind events defined herein. C1 [Taylor, Stephen V.; Cayan, Daniel R.; Graham, Nicholas E.; Georgakakos, Konstantine P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Taylor, Stephen V.; Graham, Nicholas E.; Georgakakos, Konstantine P.] Hydrol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Taylor, SV (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM staylor@hrc-lab.org NR 68 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 24 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D2 AR D02110 DI 10.1029/2006JD008053 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 256TK UT WOS:000252752600001 ER PT J AU Got, JL Monteiller, V Monteux, J Hassani, R Okubo, P AF Got, Jean-Luc Monteiller, Vadim Monteux, Julien Hassani, Riad Okubo, Paul TI Deformation and rupture of the oceanic crust may control growth of Hawaiian volcanoes SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID BENEATH KILAUEA VOLCANO; MAUNA-LOA; SOUTH FLANK; ISLANDS; MANTLE; LANDSLIDES; INSIGHTS; STRESS; FIELD AB Hawaiian volcanoes are formed by the eruption of large quantities of basaltic magma related to hot- spot activity below the Pacific Plate(1,2). Despite the apparent simplicity of the parent process emission of magma onto the oceanic crust - the resulting edifices display some topographic complexity(3-5). Certain features, such as rift zones and large flank slides, are common to all Hawaiian volcanoes, indicating similarities in their genesis; however, the underlying mechanism controlling this process remains unknown(6,7). Here we use seismological investigations and finite-element mechanical modelling to show that the load exerted by large Hawaiian volcanoes can be sufficient to rupture the oceanic crust. This intense deformation, combined with the accelerated subsidence of the oceanic crust and the weakness of the volcanic edifice/ oceanic crust interface, may control the surface morphology of Hawaiian volcanoes, especially the existence of their giant flank instabilities(8-10). Further studies are needed to determine whether such processes occur in other active intraplate volcanoes. C1 [Got, Jean-Luc; Monteiller, Vadim; Hassani, Riad] Univ Savoie, Lab Geophys Interne & Tectonophys, F-73376 Le Bourget Du Lac, France. [Monteux, Julien] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Lab Sci Terre, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Okubo, Paul] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI USA. RP Got, JL (reprint author), Univ Savoie, Lab Geophys Interne & Tectonophys, F-73376 Le Bourget Du Lac, France. EM jlgot@univ-savoie.fr NR 29 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 24 PY 2008 VL 451 IS 7177 BP 453 EP 456 DI 10.1038/nature06481 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 253YS UT WOS:000252554100042 PM 18216852 ER PT J AU Pares, JM Schleicher, AM van der Pluijm, BA Hickman, S AF Pares, Josep M. Schleicher, Anja M. van der Pluijm, Ben A. Hickman, Stephen TI Paleomagnetic reorientation of San Andreas fault observatory at depth (SAFOD) core SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COAST RANGES; CALIFORNIA AB We present a protocol for using paleomagnetic analysis to determine the absolute orientation of core recovered from the SAFOD borehole. Our approach is based on determining the direction of the primary remanent magnetization of a spot core recovered from the Great Valley Sequence during SAFOD Phase 2 and comparing its direction to the expected reference field direction for the Late Cretaceous in North America. Both thermal and alternating field demagnetization provide equally resolved magnetization, possibly residing in magnetite, that allow reorientation. Because compositionally similar siltstones and fine-grained sandstones were encountered in the San Andreas Fault Zone during Stage 2 rotary drilling, we expect that paleomagnetic reorientation will yield reliable core orientations for continuous core acquired from directly within and adjacent to the San Andreas Fault during SAFOD Phase 3, which will be key to interpretation of spatial properties of these rocks. C1 [Pares, Josep M.; Schleicher, Anja M.; van der Pluijm, Ben A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hickman, Stephen] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pares, JM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, 2534 CC Little Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jmpares@umich.edu RI van der Pluijm, Ben/A-8985-2008 OI van der Pluijm, Ben/0000-0001-7737-2791 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 23 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 AR L02306 DI 10.1029/2007GL030921 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 256TA UT WOS:000252751600001 ER PT J AU Schoenfuss, HL Baftell, SE Bistodeau, TB Cediel, RA Grove, KJ Zintek, L Lee, KE Barber, LB AF Schoenfuss, H. L. Baftell, S. E. Bistodeau, T. B. Cediel, R. A. Grove, K. J. Zintek, L. Lee, K. E. Barber, L. B. TI Impairment of the reproductive potential of male fathead minnows by environmentally relevant exposures to 4-nonylphenolf SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nonylphenol; fathead minnow; reproduction; aquatic pollution; wastewater effluent ID ALKYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATE SURFACTANTS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; P-NONYLPHENOL; WASTE-WATER; VITELLOGENIN INDUCTION; CYPRINODON-VARIEGATUS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; BEHAVIOR; GOLDFISH AB The synthetic organic compound 4-nonylphenol (NP) has been detected in many human-impacted surface waters in North America. In this study, we examined the ability of NP to alter reproductive competence in male fathead minnows after a 28 day flow-through exposure in a range of environmentally relevant concentrations bracketing the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency toxicity-based NP chronic exposure criterion of 6.1 mu g NP/L. Exposure to NP at and above the EPA chronic exposure criterion resulted in an induction of plasma vitellogenin (VTG) within 14 days. However, 7 days after the cessation of exposure, VTG concentrations had dropped more than 50% and few males expressed VTG above the detection threshold. All of the morphological endpoints, including gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, secondary sexual characters, and histopathology, were unaltered by all NP treatments. However, when NP-exposed male fish were allowed to compete with control males for access to nest sites and females, most treatments altered the reproductive competence of exposed males. At lower NP concentrations, exposed males out-competed control males, possibly by being primed through the estrogenic NP exposure in a fashion similar to priming by pheromones released from female fathead minnows. At higher NP exposure concentrations, this priming effect was negated by the adverse effects of the exposure and control males out-competed treated males. Results of this study indicate the complexity of endocrine disrupting effects and the need for multiple analysis levels to assess the effects of these compounds on aquatic organisms. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schoenfuss, H. L.; Baftell, S. E.; Bistodeau, T. B.; Cediel, R. A.; Grove, K. J.] St Cloud State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. [Zintek, L.] US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Lee, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. [Barber, L. B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Schoenfuss, HL (reprint author), St Cloud State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 720 Fourth Ave S, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. EM hschoenfuss@stcloudstate.edu NR 38 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN 20 PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.10.004 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 265FZ UT WOS:000253345800008 PM 18023888 ER PT J AU Werner, C Hurst, T Scott, B Sherburn, S Christenson, BW Britten, K Cole-Baker, J Mullan, B AF Werner, C. Hurst, T. Scott, B. Sherburn, S. Christenson, B. W. Britten, K. Cole-Baker, J. Mullan, B. TI Variability of passive gas emissions, seismicity, and deformation during crater lake growth at White Island Volcano, New Zealand, 2002-2006 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MAGMA; GEOCHEMISTRY; TEMPERATURE; WASHINGTON; CONVECTION; ERUPTIONS; INSIGHTS; RUAPEHU AB We report on 4 years of airborne measurements of CO2, SO2, and H2S emission rates during a quiescent period at White Island volcano, New Zealand, beginning in 2003. During this time a significant crater lake emerged, allowing scrubbing processes to be investigated. CO2 emissions varied from a baseline of 250 to > 2000 t d(-1) and demonstrated clear annual cycling that was consistent with numbers of earthquake detections and annual changes in sea level. The annual variability was found to be most likely related to increases in the strain on the volcano during sea level highs, temporarily causing fractures to reduce in size in the upper conduit. SO2 emissions varied from 0 to > 400 t d(-1) and were clearly affected by scrubbing processes within the first year of lake development. Scrubbing caused increases of SO42- and Cl- in lake waters, and the ratio of carbon to total sulphur suggested that elemental sulphur deposition was also significant in the lake during the first year. Careful measurements of the lake level and chemistry allowed estimates of the rate of H2O(g) and HCl(g) input into the lake and suggested that the molar abundances of major gas species (H2O, CO2, SO2, and HCl) during this quiescent phase were similar to fumarolic ratios observed between earlier eruptive periods. The volume of magma estimated from CO2 emissions (0.015-0.04 km(3)) was validated by Cl- increases in the lake, suggesting that the gas and magma are transported from deep to shallow depths as a closed system and likely become open in the upper conduit region. The absence of surface deformation further leads to a necessity of magma convection to supply and remove magma from the degassing depths. Two models of convection configurations are discussed. C1 [Werner, C.; Scott, B.; Sherburn, S.; Britten, K.; Cole-Baker, J.] GNS Sci, Taupo 3352, New Zealand. [Hurst, T.; Christenson, B. W.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. [Mullan, B.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. RP Werner, C (reprint author), Cascades Volcano Observ, US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct,S100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM cwerner@usgs.gov RI Hurst, Tony/A-6387-2011; Scott, Bradley/B-1583-2015 OI Hurst, Tony/0000-0002-1380-5436; NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 17 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B1 AR B01204 DI 10.1029/2007JB005094 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 254EZ UT WOS:000252570500002 ER PT J AU Steyaert, LT Knox, RG AF Steyaert, Louis T. Knox, Robert G. TI Reconstructed historical land cover and biophysical parameters for studies of land-atmosphere interactions within the eastern United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID URBAN AREAS; AVHRR DATA; CLIMATE; VEGETATION; IMPACT; WEATHER; MODELS; CARBON; PREDICTION; CROPLANDS AB [1] Over the past 350 years, the eastern half of the United States experienced extensive land cover changes. These began with land clearing in the 1600s, continued with widespread deforestation, wetland drainage, and intensive land use by 1920, and then evolved to the present-day landscape of forest regrowth, intensive agriculture, urban expansion, and landscape fragmentation. Such changes alter biophysical properties that are key determinants of land-atmosphere interactions ( water, energy, and carbon exchanges). To understand the potential implications of these land use transformations, we developed and analyzed 20-km land cover and biophysical parameter data sets for the eastern United States at 1650, 1850, 1920, and 1992 time slices. Our approach combined potential vegetation, county-level census data, soils data, resource statistics, a Landsat-derived land cover classification, and published historical information on land cover and land use. We reconstructed land use intensity maps for each time slice and characterized the land cover condition. We combined these land use data with a mutually consistent set of biophysical parameter classes, to characterize the historical diversity and distribution of land surface properties. Time series maps of land surface albedo, leaf area index, a deciduousness index, canopy height, surface roughness, and potential saturated soils in 1650, 1850, 1920, and 1992 illustrate the profound effects of land use change on biophysical properties of the land surface. Although much of the eastern forest has returned, the average biophysical parameters for recent landscapes remain markedly different from those of earlier periods. Understanding the consequences of these historical changes will require land-atmosphere interactions modeling experiments. C1 [Steyaert, Louis T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observ & Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Knox, Robert G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Steyaert, LT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observ & Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM stey_5589@verizon.net; robert.g.knox@nasa.gov RI Knox, Robert/E-9657-2011 NR 104 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 16 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D2 AR D02101 DI 10.1029/2006JD008277 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 254EE UT WOS:000252568400001 ER PT J AU Dekov, VM Cuadros, J Shanks, WC Koski, RA AF Dekov, Vesselin M. Cuadros, Javier Shanks, Wayne C. Koski, Randolph A. TI Deposition of talc, kerolite-smectite, smectite at seafloor hydrothermal vent fields: Evidence from mineralogical, geochemical and oxygen isotope studies SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal activity; kerolite-smectite; oxygen isotope geothermometry; smectite; talc ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; JUAN-DE-FUCA; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; GUAYMAS BASIN; ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; SOUTHERN TROUGH; MASSIVE SULFIDE; CLAY-MINERALS; NORTH COAST AB Talc, kerolite-smectite, smectite, chlorite-smectite and chlorite samples from sediments, chimneys and massive sulfides from six seafloor hydrothermal areas have been analyzed for mineralogy, chemistry and oxygen isotopes. Samples are from both peridotite- and basalt-hosted hydrothermal systems, and basaltic systems include sediment-free and sediment-covered sites. Mg-phyllosilicates at seafloor hydrothermal sites have previously been described as talc, stevensite or saponite. In contrast, new data show tri-octahedral Mg-phyllosilicates ranging from pure talc and Fe-rich talc, through kerolite-rich kerolite-smectite to smectite-rich kerolite-smectite and tri-octahedral smectite. The most common occurrence is mixed-layer kerolite-smectite, which shows an almost complete interstratification series with 5 to 85% smectitic layers. The smectite interstratified with kerolite is mostly trioctahedral. The degree of crystal perfection of the clay sequence decreases generally from talc to kerolite-smectite with lower crystalline perfection as the proportion of smectite layers in kerolite-smectite increases. Our studies do not support any dependence of the precipitated minerals on the type/subtype of hydrothermal system. Oxygen isotope geothermometry demonstrates that talc and kerolite-sinectite precipitated in chimneys, massive sulfide mounds, at the sediment surface and in open cracks in the sediment near seafloor are high-temperature (>250 degrees C) phases that are most probably the result of focused fluid discharge. The other end-member of this tri-octahedral Mg-phyllosilicate sequence, smectite, is a moderate-temperature (200-250 degrees C) phase forming deep within the sediment (similar to 0.8 in). Chlorite and chlorite-smectite, which constitute the alteration sediment matrix around the hydrothermal mounds, are lower-temperature (150-200 degrees C) phases produced by diffuse fluid discharge through the sediment around the hydrothermal conduits. In addition to temperature, other two controls on the precipitation of this sequence are the silica activity and Mg/Al ratio (i.e. the degree of mixing of seawater with hydrothermal fluid). Higher silica activity favors the formation of talc relative to tri-octahedral smectite. Vent structures and sedimentary cover preclude complete mixing of hydrothermal fluid and ambient seawater, resulting in lower Mg/Al ratios in the interior parts of the chimneys and deeper in the sediment which leads to the precipitation of phyllosilicates with lower Mg contents. Talc and kerolite-smectite have very low trace- and rare earth element contents. Some exhibit a negative or flat Eu anomaly, which suggests Eu depletion in the original hydrothermal fluid. Such Eu depletion could be caused by precipitation of anhydrite or barite (sinks for Eu2+) deeper in the system. REE abundances and distribution patterns indicate that chlorite and chlorite-smectite are hydrothermal alteration products of the background turbiditie sediment. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dekov, Vesselin M.] Univ Sofia, Dept Geol & Paleontol, BU-1000 Sofia, Bulgaria. [Cuadros, Javier] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Shanks, Wayne C.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Koski, Randolph A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dekov, VM (reprint author), Univ Sofia, Dept Geol & Paleontol, 15 Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd, BU-1000 Sofia, Bulgaria. EM dekov@gea.uni-sofia.bg NR 65 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 247 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.10.022 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 261XY UT WOS:000253114500011 ER PT J AU Mcleod, PB Luoma, SN Luthy, RG AF Mcleod, Pamela B. Luoma, Samuel N. Luthy, Richard G. TI Biodynamic modeling of PCB uptake by Macoma balthica and Corbicula fluminea from sediment amended with activated carbon SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PAH BIOAVAILABILITY; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; BLUE MUSSEL; REDUCE PCB; ALGAL FOOD; BIOACCUMULATION; WATER; PATHWAYS AB Activated carbon amendment was assessed in the laboratory as a remediation strategy for freshwater sediment contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the Grasse River (near Massena, NY). Three end points were evaluated: aqueous equilibrium PCB concentration, uptake into semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs), and 28-day bioaccumulation in the clam Corbicula fluminea. PCB uptake by water, SPMDs, and clams followed similar trends, with reductions increasing as a function of carbon dose. Average percent reductions in clam tissue PCBs were 67, 86, and 95% for activated carbon doses of 0.7, 1.3, and 2.5% dry wt, respectively. A biodynamic model that incorporates sediment geochemistry and dietary and aqueous uptake routes was found to agree well with observed uptake by C. fluminea in our laboratory test systems. Results from this study were compared to 28-day bioaccumulation experiments involving PCB-contaminated sediment from Hunters Point Naval Shipyard (San Francisco Bay, CA) and the clam Macoma balthica. Due to differences in feeding strategy, M. balthica deposit-feeds whereas C. fluminea filter-feeds, the relative importance of the aqueous uptake route is predicted to be much higher for C. fluminea than for M. balthica. Whereas M. balthica takes up approximately 90% of its body burden through sediment ingestion, C. fluminea only accumulates approximately 45% via this route. In both cases, results strongly suggest that it is the mass transfer of PCBs from native sediment to added carbon particles, not merely reductions in aqueous PCB concentrations, that effectively reduces PCB bioavailability and uptake by sediment-dwelling organisms. C1 [Mcleod, Pamela B.; Luthy, Richard G.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Luoma, Samuel N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Luthy, RG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM luthy@stanford.edu NR 26 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 484 EP 490 DI 10.1021/es070139a PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 250RL UT WOS:000252317700030 PM 18284151 ER PT J AU Campbell, KM Root, R O'Day, PA Hering, JG AF Campbell, Kate M. Root, Robert O'Day, Peggy A. Hering, Janet G. TI A gel probe equilibrium sampler for measuring arsenic porewater profiles and sorption gradients in sediments: I. Laboratory development SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS IRON HYDROXIDE; PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; OXIDE MINERALS; TRACE-METALS; PORE WATERS; HUMIC-ACID; ADSORPTION; FERRIHYDRITE; RESOLUTION AB A gel probe equilibrium sampler has been developed to study arsenic (As) geochemistry and sorption behavior in sediment porewater. The gels consist of a hydrated polyacrylamide polymer, which has a 92% water content. Two types of gels were used in this study. Undoped (clear) gels were used to measure concentrations of As and other elements in sediment porewater. The polyacrylamide gel was also doped with hydrous ferric oxide (HFO), an amorphous iron (Fe) oxyhydroxide. When deployed in the field, HFO-doped gels introduce a fresh sorbent into the subsurface thus allowing assessment of in situ sorption. In this study, clear and HFO-doped gels were tested under laboratory conditions to constrain the gel behavior prior to field deployment. Both types of gels were allowed to equilibrate with solutions of varying composition and re-equilibrated in acid for analysis. Clear gels accurately measured solution concentrations (+/- 1%), and As was completely recovered from HFO-doped gels (+/- 4%). Arsenic speciation was determined in clear gels through chromatographic separation of the re-equilibrated solution. For comparison to speciation in solution, mixtures of As(III) and As(V) adsorbed on HFO embedded in gel were measured in situ using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Sorption densities for As(III) and As(V) on HFO embedded in gel were obtained from sorption isotherms at pH 7.1. When As and phosphate were simultaneously equilibrated (in up to 50-fold excess of As) with HFO-doped gels, phosphate inhibited As sorption by up to 85% and had a stronger inhibitory effect on As(V) than As(III). Natural organic matter (>200 ppm) decreased As adsorption by up to 50%, and had similar effects on As(V) and As(III). The laboratory results provide C1 [Campbell, Kate M.; Hering, Janet G.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Root, Robert; O'Day, Peggy A.] Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA. RP Campbell, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kcampbell@usgs.gov OI Root, Robert/0000-0003-2094-807X NR 40 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 497 EP 503 DI 10.1021/es071119b PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 250RL UT WOS:000252317700032 PM 18284153 ER PT J AU Campbell, KM Root, R O'Day, PA Hering, JG AF Campbell, Kate M. Root, Robert O'Day, Peggy A. Hering, Janet G. TI A gel probe equilibrium sampler for measuring arsenic porewater profiles and sorption gradients in sediments: II. Field application to Haiwee Reservoir sediment SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROXYCARBONATE GREEN RUST; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; WATER INTERFACE; OXIDE MINERALS; GROUND-WATER; WEST-BENGAL; ADSORPTION; PHOSPHATE; FERRIHYDRITE; MOBILITY AB Arsenic (As) geochemistry and sorption behavior were measured in As- and iron (Fe)-rich sediments of Haiwee Reservoir by deploying undoped (clear) polyacrylamide gels and hydrous ferric oxide (HFO)-doped gels in a gel probe equilibrium sampler, which is a novel technique for directly measuring the effects of porewater composition on As adsorption to Fe oxides phases in situ. Arsenic is deposited at the sediment surface as As(V) and is reduced to As(III) in the upper layers of the sediment (0-8 cm), but the reduction of As(V) does not cause mobilization into the porewater. Dissolved As and Fe concentrations increased at depth in the sediment column driven by the reductive dissolution of amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxides and conversion to a mixed Fe(II, III) green rust-type phase. Adsorption of As and phosphorous (P) onto HFO-doped gels was inhibited at intermediate depths (10-20 cm), possibly due to dissolved organic or inorganic carbon, indicating that dissolved As concentrations were at least partially controlled by porewater composition rather than surface site availability. In sediments that had been recently exposed to air, the region of sorption inhibition was not observed, suggesting that prior exposure to air affected the extent of reductive dissolution, porewater chemistry, and As adsorption behavior. Arsenic adsorption onto the HFO-doped gels increased at depths >20 cm, and the extent of adsorption was most likely controlled by the competitive effects of dissolved phosphate. Sediment As adsorption capacity appeared to be controlled by changes in porewater composition and competitive effects at shallower depths, and by reductive dissolution and availability of sorption sites at greater burial depths. C1 [Campbell, Kate M.; Hering, Janet G.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Root, Robert; O'Day, Peggy A.] Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA. RP Campbell, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kcampbell@usgs.gov RI 张, 楠/B-1010-2010; OI Root, Robert/0000-0003-2094-807X NR 33 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 504 EP 510 DI 10.1021/es071120a PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 250RL UT WOS:000252317700033 PM 18284154 ER PT J AU Balistrieri, LS Borrok, DM Wanty, RB Ridley, WI AF Balistrieri, Laurie S. Borrok, David M. Wanty, Richard B. Ridley, W. Ian TI Fractionation of Cu and Zn isotopes during adsorption onto amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide: Experimental mixing of acid rock drainage and ambient river water SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SOURCE-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; MINE DRAINAGE; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; DISSOLVED METALS; OXIDE REDUCTION; FRESH-WATER; IRON; SORPTION AB Fractionation of Cu and Zn isotopes during adsorption onto amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide is examined in experimental mixtures of metal-rich acid rock drainage and relatively pure river water and during batch adsorption experiments using synthetic ferrihydrite. A diverse set of Cu- and Zn-bearing solutions was examined, including natural waters, complex synthetic acid rock drainage, and simple NaNO3 electrolyte. Metal adsorption data are combined with isotopic measurements of dissolved CU ((CU)-C-65/Cu-63) and Zn (Zn-66/Zn-64) in each of the experiments. Fractionation of Cu and Zn isotopes occurs during adsorption of the metal onto amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide. The adsorption data are modeled successfully using the diffuse double layer model in PHREEQC. The isotopic data are best described by a closed system, equilibrium exchange model. The fractionation factors (alpha(soln-solid)) are 0.99927 +/- 0.00008 for Cu and 0.99948 +/- 0.00004 for Zn or, alternately, the separation factors Delta soln-solid) are -0.73 +/- 0.08 parts per thousand for Cu and -0.52 +/- 0.04 parts per thousand for Zn. These factors indicate that the heavier isotope preferentially adsorbs onto the oxyhydroxide surface, which is consistent with shorter metal-oxygen bonds and lower coordination number for the metal at the surface relative to the aqueous ion. Fractionation of Cu isotopes also is greater than that for Zn isotopes. Limited isotopic data for adsorption of Cu, Fe(II), and Zn onto amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide suggest that isotopic fractionation is related to the intrinsic equilibrium constants that define aqueous metal interactions with oxyhydroxide surface sites. Greater isotopic fractionation occurs with stronger metal binding by the oxyhydroxide with Cu > Zn > Fe(II). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Balistrieri, Laurie S.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Borrok, David M.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Wanty, Richard B.; Ridley, W. Ian] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Balistrieri, LS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM balistri@usgs.gov NR 77 TC 110 Z9 122 U1 9 U2 53 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 311 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.013 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 253XG UT WOS:000252550300005 ER PT J AU Borrok, DM Nimick, DA Wanty, RB Ridley, WI AF Borrok, David M. Nimick, David A. Wanty, Richard B. Ridley, W. Ian TI Isotopic variations of dissolved copper and zinc in stream waters affected by historical mining SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SOURCE-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; TRACE-METALS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; MOUNTAIN STREAM; HEAVY-METALS; ZN ISOTOPES; FRACTIONATION; IRON; RIVER AB Zinc and Cu play important roles in the biogeochemistry of natural systems, and it is likely that these interactions result in mass-dependent fractionations of their stable isotopes. In this study, we examine the relative abundances of dissolved Zn and Cu isotopes in a variety of stream waters draining six historical mining districts located in the United States and Europe. Our goals were to (1) determine whether streams from different geologic settings have unique or similar Zn and Cu isotopic signatures and (2) to determine whether Zn and Cu isotopic signatures change in response to changes in dissolved metal concentrations over well-defined diel (24-h) cycles. Average delta Zn-66 and delta(CU)-C-65 values for streams varied from +0.02% to +0.46 parts per thousand and -0.7 parts per thousand to +1.4 parts per thousand, respectively, demonstrating that Zn and Cu isotopes are heterogeneous among the measured streams. Zinc or Cu isotopic changes were not detected within the resolution of our measurements over diel cycles for most streams. However, diel changes in Zn isotopes were recorded in one stream where the fluctuations of dissolved Zn were the largest. We calculate an apparent separation factor of similar to 0.3% (Zn-66/64) between the dissolved and solid Zn reservoirs in this stream with the solid taking up the lighter Zn isotope. The preference of the lighter isotope in the solid reservoir may reflect metabolic uptake of Zn by microorganisms. Additional field investigations must evaluate the contributions of soils, rocks, minerals, and anthropogenic components to Cu and Zn isotopic fluxes in natural waters. Moreover, rigorous experimental work is necessary to quantify fractionation factors for the biogeochemical reactions that are likely to impact Cu and Zn isotopes in hydrologic systems. This initial investigation of Cu and Zn isotopes in stream waters suggests that these isotopes may be powerful tools for probing biogeochemical processes in surface waters on a variety of temporal and spatial scales. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Borrok, David M.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Nimick, David A.] US Geol Survey, Helena, MT USA. [Wanty, Richard B.; Ridley, W. Ian] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Borrok, DM (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM dborrok@utep.edu OI Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192 NR 81 TC 54 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 329 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.014 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 253XG UT WOS:000252550300006 ER PT J AU Lu, WJ Chou, IM Burruss, RC AF Lu, Wanjun Chou, I. Ming Burruss, Robert C. TI Determination of methane concentrations in water in equilibrium with sI methane hydrate in the absence of a vapor phase by in situ Raman spectroscopy SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID GAS HYDRATE; DISSOCIATION; SOLUBILITY; STABILITY; ENVIRONMENTS; DISSOLUTION; PREDICTION; SEAWATER; MODEL AB Most submarine gas hydrates are located within the two-phase equilibrium region of hydrate and interstitial water with pressures (P) ranging from 8 to 60 MPa and temperatures (T) from 275 to 293 K. However, current measurements of solubilities of methane in equilibrium with hydrate in the absence of a vapor phase are limited below 20 MPa and 283.15 K, and the differences among these data are up to 30 %. When these data were extrapolated to other P-T conditions, it leads to large and poorly known uncertainties. In this study, in situ Raman spectroscopy was used to measure methane concentrations in pure water in equilibrium with sI (structure one) methane hydrate, in the absence of a vapor phase, at temperatures from 276.6 to 294.6 (+/- 0.3) K and pressures at 10, 20, 30 and 40 (+/- 0.4%) MPa. The relationship among concentration of methane in water in equilibrium with hydrate, in mole fraction [X(CH(4))], the temperature in K, and pressure in MPa was derived as: X(CH(4)) = exp [11.0464 + 0.023267 P - (4886.0 + 8.0158 P)/T]. Both the standard enthalpy and entropy of hydrate dissolution at the studied T-P conditions increase slightly with increasing pressure, ranging from 41.29 to 43.29 kJ/mol and from 0.1272 to 0.1330 kJ/K center dot mol, respectively. When compared with traditional sampling and analytical methods, the advantages of our method include: (1) the use of in situ Raman signals for methane concentration measurements eliminates possible uncertainty caused by sampling and ex situ analysis, (2) it is simple and efficient, and (3) high-pressure data can be obtained safely. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lu, Wanjun] China Univ Geosci, State Key Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Lu, Wanjun] CAS Key Lab Marginal Sea Geol, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China. [Chou, I. Ming; Burruss, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lu, WJ (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, State Key Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. EM luwanjuncug@126.com RI Lu, Wanjun/H-4962-2014 OI Lu, Wanjun/0000-0003-4334-5722 NR 25 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 412 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.006 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 253XG UT WOS:000252550300011 ER PT J AU Laird, DA Chappell, MA Martens, DA Wershaw, RL Thompson, M AF Laird, David A. Chappell, Mark A. Martens, Dean A. Wershaw, Robert L. Thompson, Michael TI Distinguishing black carbon from biogenic humic substances in soil clay fractions SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE humic substances; soil organic matter; charcoal; black carbon; humification; thermogravimetric analysis; NMR spectroscopy; clay mineralogy; clay-humic complexes ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; SOLID-STATE C-13; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; AGRICULTURAL SOIL; SPECTROSCOPY; SEQUESTRATION; COMPLEXES; OXIDATION; RESIDUES AB Most models of soil humic substances include a substantial component of aromatic C either as the backbone of humic heteropolymers or as a significant component of supramolecular aggregates of degraded biopolymers. We physically separated coarse (0.2-2.0 mu m e.s.d.), medium (0.02-0.2 mu m e.s.d.), and fine (>0.02 mu m e.s.d.) clay subfractions from three Midwestern soils and characterized the organic material associated with these subfiractions using C-13-CPMAS-NMR, DTG, SEM-EDX, incubations, and radiocarbon age. Most of the C in the coarse clay subtraction was present as discrete particles (0.2-5 mu m as seen in SEM images) of black carbon (BC) and consisted of approximately 60% aromatic C, with the remainder being a mixture of aliphatic, anomeric and carboxylic C. We hypothesize that BC particles were originally charcoal formed during prairie fires. As the BC particles aged in soil their surfaces were oxidized to form carboxylic groups and anomeric and aliphatic C accumulated in the BC particles either by adsorption of dissolved biogenic compounds from the soil solution or by direct deposition of biogenic materials from microbes living within the BC particles. The biogenic soil organic matter was physically separated with the medium and fine clay subtractions and was dominated by aliphatic, anomeric, and carboxylic C. The results indicate that the biogenic humic materials in our soils have little aromatic C, which is inconsistent with the traditional heteropolymer model of humic substances. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Laird, David A.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Chappell, Mark A.; Thompson, Michael] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wershaw, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Laird, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM david.laird@ars.usda.gov RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 28 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 143 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.10.025 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 254KT UT WOS:000252586200011 ER PT J AU Rubin, DM Tsoar, H Blumberg, DG AF Rubin, David M. Tsoar, Haim Blumberg, Dan G. TI A second look at western Sinai seif dunes and their lateral migration SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lateral migration; linear seif dunes; stratification ID DIRECTIONALLY VARYING FLOWS; LONGITUDINAL DUNES; SAND DUNES; DYNAMICS; ALIGNMENT; DESERT; RECORD; FIELD AB Tsoar et al. [Tsoar, H., Blumberg, D.G., Stoler, Y., 2004. Elongation and migration of sand dunes. Geomorphology 57, 293-302.] reported that seif dunes in the western Sinai Desert did not migrate laterally between 1973 and 1999. If the planform sinuosities of the dunes are removed by filtering, spatial averaging, or linear regression, however, it is evident that the dunes did, in fact, migrate laterally roughly 13 m during this 26-year period. The measured migration distance is 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than the rms co-registration error Tsoar et al. determined for the first and last air photos that were used to map the dunes. The western Sinai dunes provide another example demonstrating that linear dunes can migrate laterally, and they illustrate some of the difficulties in documenting systematic lateral motion. Lateral migration of a dune can be important geologically or geomorphologically, even where migration is too slow to detect from repeated topographic surveys. This article explains the wind conditions for the lateral migration of seif dunes in western Sinai and the possible wind occurrences that would not lead to such a migration. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rubin, David M.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Tsoar, Haim; Blumberg, Dan G.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Geog & Environm Dev, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Rubin, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM drubin@usgs.gov RI BLUMBERG, DAN/F-1285-2012 OI BLUMBERG, DAN/0000-0001-9337-1617 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 3-4 BP 335 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.03.004 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 301MG UT WOS:000255899700012 ER PT J AU Huntington, TG AF Huntington, Thomas G. TI CO2-induced suppression of transpiration cannot explain increasing runoff SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STOMATAL RESPONSES; HYDROLOGIC-CYCLE; PRODUCTIVITY; EVAPORATION; TRENDS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION C1 US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Huntington, TG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM thunting@usgs.gov OI Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 NR 41 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 311 EP 314 DI 10.1002/hyp.6925 PG 4 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 259LE UT WOS:000252940000013 ER PT J AU Rosenberry, DO Winter, TC Buso, DC Likens, GE AF Rosenberry, Donald O. Winter, Thomas C. Buso, Donald C. Likens, Gene E. TI Reply to comment by J. Szilagyi on "Comparison of 15 evaporation methods applied to a small mountain take in the northeastern USA" [J. Hydrol. 340 (3-4) (2007) 149-166] SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID COTTONWOOD LAKE AREA; PRAIRIE WETLAND; NORTH-DAKOTA; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; EQUATIONS C1 [Rosenberry, Donald O.; Winter, Thomas C.; Buso, Donald C.; Likens, Gene E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Water Resources Discipline, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rosenberry, DO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Water Resources Discipline, Box 25046,MS 413, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rosenber@usgs.gov RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 348 IS 3-4 BP 566 EP 567 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrot.2007.09.050 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 256SB UT WOS:000252749000027 ER PT J AU Tinker, MT Bentall, G Estes, JA AF Tinker, M. Tim Bentall, Gena Estes, James A. TI Food limitation leads to behavioral diversification and dietary specialization in sea otters SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE foraging efficiency; niche width; polymorphism; prey handling ID PREY SELECTION; INDIVIDUAL SPECIALIZATION; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; TIME BUDGETS; NICHE WIDTH; POPULATION; PATTERNS; EVOLUTION; ALASKA; CONSEQUENCES AB Dietary diversity often varies inversely with prey resource abundance. This pattern, although typically measured at the population level, is usually assumed to also characterize the behavior of individual animals within the population. However, the pattern might also be produced by changes in the degree of variation among individuals. Here we report on dietary and associated behavioral changes that occurred with the experimental translocation of sea otters from a food-poor to a food-rich environment. Although the diets of all individuals were broadly similar in the food-rich environment, a behaviorally based dietary polymorphism existed in the food-poor environment. Higher dietary diversity under low resource abundance was largely driven by greater variation among individuals. We further show that the dietary polymorphism in the food-poor environment included a broad suite of correlated behavioral variables and that the individuals that comprised specific behavioral clusters benefited from improved foraging efficiency on their individually preferred prey. Our findings add to the growing list of examples of extreme individuality in behavior and prey choice within populations and suggest that this phenomenon can emerge as a behavioral manifestation of increased population density. Individuality in foraging behavior adds complexity to both the fitness consequences of prey selection and food web dynamics, and it may figure prominently as a diversifying process over evolutionary timescales. C1 [Tinker, M. Tim] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Bentall, Gena] Monterey Bay Aquarium, Sea Otter Res & Conservat, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Estes, James A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Tinker, MT (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM tinker@biology.ucsc.edu RI Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011 NR 46 TC 144 Z9 146 U1 6 U2 68 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 2 BP 560 EP 565 DI 10.1073/pnas.0709263105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 253XO UT WOS:000252551100031 PM 18195370 ER PT J AU Welsh, SA Wood, RM AF Welsh, Stuart A. Wood, Robert M. TI Crystallaria cincotta, a new species of darter (Teleostei : Percidae) from the Elk River of the Ohio River drainage, West Virginia SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE new species; darter; Percidae; Crystallaria; Elk River AB A new species of percid, Crystallaria cincotta, is described from the Cumberland, Elk, Green, and Muskingum river drainages of the Ohio River basin, USA. It differs from populations of Crystallaria asprella of the Gulf Coast, lower Mississippi River, middle Mississippi River, upper Mississippi River, and Wabash River drainages by having a reduced number of cheek scale rows restricted to the post-orbital region, a falcate margin on the pelvic fins, a preorbital blotch distinctly separate from the anterior orbital rim, and a wide mouth gape. The Elk River population is also divergent genetically from populations of the Gulf Coast, lower Mississippi River, and upper Mississippi River drainages. Crystallaria cincotta, discovered in the Elk River of the Ohio River drainage in 1980, is a rare species with the only extant population represented by 12 individuals collected from 1980-2005 from the lower 36 km section of the Elk River, West Virginia. C1 [Welsh, Stuart A.] US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Wood, Robert M.] St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Welsh, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM swelsh@wvu.edu; wood2@slu.edu NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JAN 14 PY 2008 IS 1680 BP 62 EP 68 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 250EB UT WOS:000252281700005 ER PT J AU Gomberg, J Rubinstein, JL Peng, ZG Creager, KC Vidale, JE Bodin, P AF Gomberg, Joan Rubinstein, Justin L. Peng, Zhigang Creager, Kenneth C. Vidale, John E. Bodin, Paul TI Widespread triggering of nonvolcanic tremor in California SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUBDUCTION; FAULT C1 [Gomberg, Joan] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rubinstein, Justin L.; Creager, Kenneth C.; Vidale, John E.; Bodin, Paul] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Peng, Zhigang] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Gomberg, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gomberg@usgs.gov RI Vidale, John/H-4965-2011; OI Vidale, John/0000-0002-3658-818X; Rubinstein, Justin/0000-0003-1274-6785 NR 6 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5860 BP 173 EP 173 DI 10.1126/science.1149164 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 249RC UT WOS:000252246400031 PM 18033850 ER PT J AU Pisani, JM Grant, WE Mora, MA AF Pisani, Jorge M. Grant, William E. Mora, Miguel A. TI Simulating the impact of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides on non-target wildlife in irrigated crops SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE cholinesterase; carbamates; organophosphates; Zenaida asiatica; simulation model; risk assessment; ecotoxicology ID RIO-GRANDE-VALLEY; METHYL PARATHION; ANTICHOLINESTERASE PESTICIDES; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES; CARBAMATE PESTICIDES; SOIL INTERACTION; ACUTE TOXICITY; COTTON PLANTS; EXPOSURE; CANADA AB We present a simulation model for risk assessment of the impact of insecticide inhibitors of cholinesterase (ChE) applied in irrigated agricultural fields on non-target wildlife. The model, which we developed as a compartment model based on difference equations (Delta t = 1 h), consists of six submodels describing the dynamics of (1) insecticide application, (2) insecticide movement into floodable soil, (3) irrigation and rain, (4) insecticide dissolution in water, (5) foraging and insecticide intake from water, and (6) ChE inhibition and recovery. To demonstrate application of the model, we simulated historical and "worst-case" scenarios of the impact of ChE-inhibiting insecticides on white-winged doves (Zenaida asiatica) inhabiting natural brushland adjacent to cotton and sugarcane fields in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, USA. Only when a rain event occurred just after insecticide application did predicted levels of ChE inhibition surpass the diagnostic level of 20% exposure. The present model should aid in assessing the effect of ChE-inhibiting insecticides on ChE activity of different species that drink contaminated water from irrigated agricultural fields, and in identifying specific situations in which the juxtaposition of environmental conditions and management schemes could result in a high risk to non-target wildlife. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pisani, Jorge M.; Grant, William E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Mora, Miguel A.] US Geol Survey, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Pisani, JM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jmpisani@rafaela.inta.gov.ar RI Mora, Miguel/B-1344-2009; OI Mora, Miguel/0000-0002-8393-0216 NR 98 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 210 IS 1-2 BP 179 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.07.017 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 245ET UT WOS:000251918600014 ER PT J AU Beeler, NM Tullis, TE Goldsby, DL AF Beeler, N. M. Tullis, T. E. Goldsby, D. L. TI Constitutive relationships and physical basis of fault strength due to flash heating SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID ROCK-FORMING MINERALS; SAN-ANDREAS SYSTEM; DEPENDENT FRICTION; SILICATE MELTS; SLIP; CONTACT; STATE; MECHANICS; SURFACES; EARTHQUAKES AB We develop a model of fault strength loss resulting from phase change at asperity contacts due to flash heating that considers a distribution of contact sizes and nonsteady state evolution of fault strength with displacement. Laboratory faulting experiments conducted at high sliding velocities, which show dramatic strength reduction below the threshold for bulk melting, are well fit by the model. The predicted slip speed for the onset of weakening is in the range of 0.05 to 2 m/s, qualitatively consistent with the limited published observations. For this model, earthquake stress drops and effective shear fracture energy should be linearly pressure-dependent, whereas the onset speed may be pressure-independent or weakly pressure-dependent. On the basis of the theory, flash weakening is expected to produce large dynamic stress drops, small effective shear fracture energy, and undershoot. Estimates of the threshold slip speed, stress drop, and fracture energy are uncertain due to poor knowledge of the average contact dimension, shear zone thickness and gouge particle size at seismogenic depths. C1 [Beeler, N. M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Tullis, T. E.; Goldsby, D. L.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Beeler, NM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM nbeeler@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 8 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B1 AR B01401 DI 10.1029/2007JB004988 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 251HY UT WOS:000252365200001 ER PT J AU Johnson, PA Savage, H Knuth, M Gomberg, J Marone, C AF Johnson, Paul A. Savage, Heather Knuth, Matt Gomberg, Joan Marone, Chris TI Effects of acoustic waves on stick-slip in granular media and implications for earthquakes SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SEISMICITY; STRESS; DEFORMATIONS; CALIFORNIA; FRICTION AB It remains unknown how the small strains induced by seismic waves can trigger earthquakes at large distances, in some cases thousands of kilometres from the triggering earthquake, with failure often occurring long after the waves have passed(1-6). Earthquake nucleation is usually observed to take place at depths of 10 - 20 km, and so static overburden should be large enough to inhibit triggering by seismic- wave stress perturbations. To understand the physics of dynamic triggering better, as well as the influence of dynamic stressing on earthquake recurrence, we have conducted laboratory studies of stick - slip in granular media with and without applied acoustic vibration. Glass beads were used to simulate granular fault zone material, sheared under constant normal stress, and subject to transient or continuous perturbation by acoustic waves. Here we show that small- magnitude failure events, corresponding to triggered aftershocks, occur when applied sound- wave amplitudes exceed several microstrain. These events are frequently delayed or occur as part of a cascade of small events. Vibrations also cause large slip events to be disrupted in time relative to those without wave perturbation. The effects are observed for many large- event cycles after vibrations cease, indicating a strain memory in the granular material. Dynamic stressing of tectonic faults may play a similar role in determining the complexity of earthquake recurrence. C1 [Johnson, Paul A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp EES11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Savage, Heather; Knuth, Matt; Marone, Chris] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Savage, Heather] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Knuth, Matt] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gomberg, Joan] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Johnson, PA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp EES11, MS D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM paj@lanl.gov OI Johnson, Paul/0000-0002-0927-4003 NR 17 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 35 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 3 PY 2008 VL 451 IS 7174 BP 57 EP U5 DI 10.1038/nature06440 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 247KZ UT WOS:000252079300032 PM 18172496 ER PT B AU Yuan, FH Song, WZ Peterson, N Peng, Y Wang, L Shirazi, B LaHusen, R AF Yuan, Fenghua Song, Wen-Zhan Peterson, Nina Peng, Yang Wang, Lei Shirazi, Behrooz LaHusen, Richard GP IEEE TI A Lightweight Sensor Network Management System Design SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PERVASIVE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications CY MAR 21-21, 2008 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Univ Texas, Hong Kong Polytechn Univ, Croucher Fdn, KC Wong Educ Fdn, IBM Res, Google, Elsevier Publicat DE wireless sensor network; network management; lightweight; transparent; remote procedure call; event report ID ARCHITECTURE AB In this paper, we propose a lightweight and transparent management framework for TinyOS sensor networks, called L-SNMS, which minimizes the overhead of management functions, including memory usage overhead, network traffic overhead, and integration overhead. We accomplish this by making L-SNMS virtually transparent to other applications hence requiring minimal integration. The proposed L-SNMS framework has been successfully tested on various sensor node platforms, including TelosB, MICAz and IMote2. C1 [Yuan, Fenghua; Song, Wen-Zhan; Peng, Yang; Wang, Lei] Washington State Univ, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Peterson, Nina; Shirazi, Behrooz] Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA USA. [LaHusen, Richard] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Yuan, FH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. FU NASA ESTO AIST [NNX06AE42G] FX This research is supported in part by NASA ESTO AIST Grant NNX06AE42G. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4236-2 PY 2008 BP 288 EP + DI 10.1109/PERCOM.2008.36 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BLZ34 UT WOS:000271540300037 ER PT B AU Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A AF Ramsey, Elijah, III Rangoonwala, Amina GP IEEE TI Characterizing the Marsh Dieback Spectral Response at the Plant and Canopy Level with Hyperspectral and Temporal Remote Sensing Data SO 2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-BALTIC INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/OES Us/EU-Baltic International Symposium CY MAY 27-29, 2008 CL Tallinn, ESTONIA SP IEEE, OES, US Baltic Fdn, Eu Baltic Fdn ID REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; WETLANDS; LEAVES AB We describe newly developed remote sensing tools to map the localized occurrences and regional distribution of the marsh dieback in coastal Louisiana (Fig. 1). As a final goal of our research and development, we identified what spectral features accompanied the onset of dieback and could be directly linked to the optical signal measured at the satellite. In order to accomplish our research goal, we carried out two interlinked objectives. First, we determined the spectral features within the hyperspectral spectra of the impacted plant that could be linked to the spectral return. This was accomplished by measuring the differences in leaf optical properties of impacted and non impacted marsh plants in such a way that the measured differences could be linked to the dieback onset and progression. The spectral analyses were constrained to selected wavelengths (bands of reflectance data) historically associated with changes in leaf composition and structure caused by changes in the plant biophysical environment. Second, we determined what changes in the canopy reflectance (canopy signal sensed at the satellite) could be linked to dieback onset and progression. Third, we transformed a suite of six Landsat Thematic Mapper images collected before, during, and in the final stages of dieback to maps of dieback occurrences. C1 [Ramsey, Elijah, III] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Rangoonwala, Amina] IAP World Serv Inc, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM elijah_ramsey@usgs.gov FU Barataria-Terrebonne National Estuary Program Scientific-Technical Committee FX Partial support for this work was received from the Barataria-Terrebonne National Estuary Program Scientific-Technical Committee via a request for proposals on Marsh Dieback and Nutria Control Emergency Response. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2267-8 PY 2008 BP 190 EP + PG 3 WC Ecology; Engineering, Marine SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA BIS99 UT WOS:000262477400030 ER PT B AU Yang, LM AF Yang, Limin GP IEEE TI United States National Land Cover Data Base Development 1992-2001 and Beyond SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON EARTH OBSERVATION AND REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Earth Observation and Remote Sensing Applications CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2008 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Kye Lab Mapping Space, State Bureau Surveying & Mapping, Ctr Urban & Environm Change, Indiana State Univ, Key Lab Land Use Minist Land & Resources, China Land Surveying & Planning Inst DE Land Cover Database; CART; Land Cover Monitoring ID SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; THEMATIC ACCURACY; IMAGERY; COMPLETION; AVHRR AB An accurate, up-to-date and spatially-explicate national land cover database is required for monitoring the status and trends of the nation's terrestrial ecosystem, and for managing and conserving land resources at the national scale. With all the challenges and resources required to develop such a database, an innovative and scientifically sound planning must be in place and a partnership be formed among users from government agencies, research institutes and private sectors. In this paper, we summarize major scientific and technical issues regarding the development of the NLCD 1992 and 2001. Experiences and lessons learned from the project are documented with regard to project design, technical approaches, accuracy assessment strategy, and project implementation. Future improvements in developing next generation NLCD beyond 2001 are suggested, including: 1) enhanced satellite data preprocessing in correction of atmospheric and adjacency effect and the topographic normalization; 2) improved classification accuracy through comprehensive and consistent training data and new algorithm development; 3) multi-resolution and multi-temporal database targeting major land cover changes and land cover database updates; 4) enriched database contents by including additional biophysical parameters and/or more detailed land cover classes through synergizing multi-sensor, multi-temporal, and multi-spectral satellite data and ancillary data, and 5) transform the NLCD project into a national land cover monitoring program. C1 US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Yang, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. EM lyang@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2393-4 PY 2008 BP 290 EP 295 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA BIQ17 UT WOS:000261875400051 ER PT S AU Hough, SE AF Hough, Susan E. BE Santini, A Moraci, N TI Keeping the history in historical seismology: The 1872 owens valley, California earthquake SO 2008 SEISMIC ENGINEERING CONFERENCE COMMEMORATING THE 1908 MESSINA AND REGGIO CALABRIA EARTHQUAKE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Seismic Engineering Conference CY JUL 08-11, 2008 CL Univ Reggio, Calabria, ITALY SP Municipal Reggio Calabria, Reg Council Reggio Calabria, Reg Province Reggio Calabria, Mediterranean Univ, Reggio Calabria, Fac Engn Reggio Calabria, Univ Reggio Calabria, Dept Mech & Mat, Univ Reggio Calabria, Dept Comp Sci, Math, Elect & Transportat, Univ Catania, CARICAl Fdn, Chamber Commerce Reggio Calabria, Reg Province Messina, Assoc Architects Reggio Calabria, Assoc Architects Messina HO Univ Reggio DE historical earthquakes; earthquake hazard ID INTENSITY DATA; MAGNITUDE AB The importance of historical earthquakes is being increasingly recognized. Careful investigations of key pre-instrumental earthquakes can provide critical information and insights for not only seismic hazard assessment but also for earthquake science. In recent years, with the explosive growth in computational sophistication in Earth sciences, researchers have developed increasingly sophisticated methods to analyze macroseismic data quantitatively. These methodological developments can be extremely useful to exploit fully the temporally and spatially rich information source that seismic intensities often represent. For example, the exhaustive and painstaking investigations done by Ambraseys and his colleagues of early Himalayan earthquakes provides information that can be used to map out site response in the Ganges basin. In any investigation of macroseismic data, however, one must stay mindful that intensity values are not data but rather interpretations. The results of any subsequent analysis, regardless of the degree of sophistication of the methodology, will be only as reliable as the interpretations of available accounts-and only as complete as the research done to ferret out, and in many cases translate, these accounts. When intensities are assigned without an appreciation of historical setting and context, seemingly careful subsequent analysis can yield grossly inaccurate results. As a case study, I report here on the results of a recent investigation of the 1872 Owen's Valley, California earthquake. Careful consideration of macroseismic observations reveals that this event was probably larger than the great San Francisco earthquake of 1906, and possibly the largest historical earthquake in California. The results suggest that some large earthquakes in California will generate significantly larger ground motions than San Andreas fault events of comparable magnitude. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0542-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1020 BP 293 EP 299 PN 1-2 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Construction & Building Technology; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Materials Science GA BHZ97 UT WOS:000257859500034 ER PT S AU Celebi, M AF Celebi, Mehmet BE Santini, A Moraci, N TI Seismic monitoring to assess performance of structures in near-real time: Recent progress SO 2008 SEISMIC ENGINEERING CONFERENCE COMMEMORATING THE 1908 MESSINA AND REGGIO CALABRIA EARTHQUAKE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Seismic Engineering Conference CY JUL 08-11, 2008 CL Univ Reggio, Calabria, ITALY SP Municipal Reggio Calabria, Reg Council Reggio Calabria, Reg Province Reggio Calabria, Mediterranean Univ, Reggio Calabria, Fac Engn Reggio Calabria, Univ Reggio Calabria, Dept Mech & Mat, Univ Reggio Calabria, Dept Comp Sci, Math, Elect & Transportat, Univ Catania, CARICAl Fdn, Chamber Commerce Reggio Calabria, Reg Province Messina, Assoc Architects Reggio Calabria, Assoc Architects Messina HO Univ Reggio DE monitoring; structures; performance; seismic; drift; GPS AB Earlier papers have described how observed data from classical accelerometers deployed in structures or from differential GPS with high sampling ratios deployed at roofs of tall buildings can be configured to establish seismic health monitoring of structures. In these configurations, drift ratios(1) are the main parametric indicator of damage condition of a structure or component of a structure. Real-time measurement of displacements are acquired either by double integration of accelerometer time-series data, or by directly using GPS. Recorded sensor data is then related to the performance level of a building. Performance-based design method stipulates that for a building the amplitude of relative displacement of the roof of a building (with respect to its base) indicates its performance. Usually, drift ratio is computed using relative displacement between two consecutive floors. When accelerometers are used, a specific software is used to compute displacements and drift ratios in real-time by double integration of accelerometer data from several floors. However, GPS-measured relative displacements are limited to being acquired only at the roof with respect to its reference base. Thus, computed drift ratio is the average drift ratio for the whole building. Until recently, the validity of measurements using GPS was limited to long-period structures (T>1 s) because GPS systems readily available were limited to 10-20 samples per seconds (sps) capability. However, presently, up to 50 sps differential GPS systems are available on the market and have been successfully used to monitor drift ratios [1,2] - thus enabling future usefulness of GPS to all types of structures. Several levels of threshold drift ratios can be postulated in order to make decisions for inspections and/or occupancy. Experience with data acquired from both accelerometers and GPS deployments indicates that they are reliable and provide pragmatic alternatives to alert the owners and other authorized parties to make informed decisions and select choices for pre-defined actions following significant events. C1 US Geol Survey, MS977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Celebi, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS977, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0542-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1020 BP 848 EP 855 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Construction & Building Technology; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Materials Science GA BHZ97 UT WOS:000257859500101 ER PT J AU Doctor, DH AF Doctor, Daniel H. TI Hydrologic connections and dynamics of water movement in the Classical Karst (Kras) aquifer: Evidence from frequent chemical and stable isotope sampling SO ACTA CARSOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Classical Karst; Kras; aquifer; chemistry; stable isotopes; hydrograph recession; Slovenia; Italy ID ORIGIN AB A review of past research oil the hydrogeology of the Classical Karst (Kras) region and new information obtained from a two-year Study using environmental tracers are presented ill this paper. The main problems addressed are 1) the Sources of water to the Kras aquifer resurgence zone-including the famous Timavo springs-under changing flow regimes; 2) a quantification of the storage volumes of the karst massif-corresponding to flow regimes defined by hydrograph recessions of the Timavo springs; and 3) changing dynamics between deep phreatic conduit flow and shallow phreatic and epiphreatic storage within the aquifer resurgence zone as determined through changes ill chemical and isotopic composition at springs and wells. Particular focus was placed oil addressing the long-standing question of the influence of the So a River on the ground waters of the aquifer resurgence zone. The results indicate that the alluvial aquifer supplied by the sinking of the So a River oil the northwestern edge of the massif contributes approximately 75% of the mean annual outflow to the smaller springs of the aquifer resurgence zone, and as much as 53% to the mean annual Outflow of the Timavo springs. As a whole, the So a River is estimated to contribute 56% of the average outflow of the Kras aquifer resurgence. The proportions of Soca a River water increase under drier conditions, and decrease under wetter conditions. Time series analysis of oxygen stable isotope records indicate that the transit time of Soca River water to the Timavo springs, Sardos spring, and well B-4 is on the order of 1-2 months, depending oil hydrological conditions. The total baseflow storage of the Timavo springs is estimated to be 5 18 million m3, and represents 88.5% of the storage capacity estimated for all flow regimes of (lie springs. The ratio of baseflow storage volume to the average annual volume discharged at the Timavo springs is 0.54. The Reka River sinking ill Slovenia supplies substantial allogenic recharge to the aquifer; however, its influence on the northwest resurgence zone is limited to the Timavo springs, and is only a significant component of the spring discharge Under flood conditions for relatively brief periods (several days to weeks). Sustainability, Of the trans-boundary aquifer Of the KraS Will benefic from maintaining high water quality in the Soca River, as well as focused water tracing experiments within the epiphreatic zone of the aquifer to better delineate the recharge zone and to identify Sources of potential contamination to the Brestovica water supply well. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Doctor, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dhdoctor@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fulbright and David L. Boren; University of Minnesota, Dept. of Geology Geophysics FX Several people were instrumental in providing the support and guidance for this research, particularly F. Calvin Alexander, Jr. of the University of Minnesota, Mlinneapolis; Milena Horvat and Sonja Lojen of the Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana; Janko Urbanc from the Geological Survey of Slovenia, Ljubljana; Antonio Longinelli of the University of Parma; and Willibald Stichler of the Institute for Hydrology, Neuherberg. I must also acknowledge the aid of several key persons and agencies without whom I would not have accomplished this research. They are:, Fabio Gemiti from A.C.E.G.A. Trieste, Franco Cucchi, Onelio Flora, and Laura Genoni from the University of Trieste, Metka Petric and Janja Kogovsek from the Karst Research Institute, Postojna, the Kraski Vodovod, Se ana, Francesca Serra and Reno Semararo from Geokarst Engineering s.r.l., Trieste, and Agnes Somen from the Health Institute of Koper. Funding was provided by the U.S. Fulbright and David L. Boren fellowship programs, and the University of Minnesota, Dept. of Geology & Geophysics. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU KARST RESEARCH INST ZRC SAZU PI POSTOJNA PA TITOV TRG 2, POSTOJNA, SI-6230, SLOVENIA SN 0583-6050 J9 ACTA CARSOLOGICA JI ACTA CARSOLOGICA PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 101 EP 123 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 352DL UT WOS:000259475300009 ER PT J AU Pearce, RD O'Shea, TJ Wunder, BA AF Pearce, Roger D. O'Shea, Thomas J. Wunder, Bruce A. TI Evaluation of morphological indices and total body electrical conductivity to assess body composition in big brown bats SO ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE chiroptera; body condition indices; body mass; Colorado; Eptesicus fuscus; fat; lipid deposition; TOBEC ID GREATER HORSESHOE BATS; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; LEAN MASS; SURVIVAL; MAMMALS; MYOTIS; FAT; CHIROPTERA; TOBEC; BIRDS AB Bat researchers have used both morphological indices and total body electric conductivity (TOBEC) as proxies for body condition in a variety of studies, but have typically not validated these indices against direct measurement of body composition. We quantified body composition (total carcass lipids) to determine if morphological indices were useful predictors of body condition in big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). We also evaluated body composition indirectly by TOBEC using EM-SCAN (R) technology. The most important predictors of body composition in multiple regression analysis were body mass-to-forearm ratio (partial r(2) = 0.82, P < 0.001) followed by TOBEC measurement (partial r(2) = 0.08, P < 0.001) and,to,a minor extent head length (partial r2 = 0.02, P < 0.05). Morphological condition indices alone may be adequate for some studies because of lower cost and effort. Marking bats with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags affected TOBEC measurements. C1 [Pearce, Roger D.; Wunder, Bruce A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [O'Shea, Thomas J.] Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Pearce, RD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM raroland@lamar.colostate.edu NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY PAS-POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA WILCZA STREET 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1508-1109 EI 1733-5329 J9 ACTA CHIROPTEROL JI Acta Chiropt. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 1 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.3161/150811008X331171 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 327MR UT WOS:000257733700014 ER PT J AU Kofron, CP AF Kofron, Christopher P. TI Reproduction of the long-tongued nectar bat Macroglossus minimus (Pteropodidae) in Brunei, Borneo SO ACTA ZOOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Borneo; Brunei; Chiroptera; fruit bat; long-tongued nectar bat; Macroglossus minimus; Megachiroptera; Pteropodidae; reproduction ID WORLD FRUIT BAT; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; CYNOPTERUS; MORPHOLOGY AB The long-tongued nectar bat Macroglossus minimus lagochilus (Megachiroptera, Pteropodidae) is a small fruit bat inhabiting South-east Asia. Its reproduction was studied in Brunei, Borneo, where individuals were usually captured in rainforest (Ulu Temburong). Adult females (n = 23) had body masses of 13.0-19.0 g, with forelimbs 3.83-4.33 cm in length. All adult females were pregnant, with pregnancies observed during every month except May, September and November when no adult females were captured. Female M. minimus in Brunei have a reproductive cycle that is consistent with a pattern of seasonal bimodal polyoestry. Most births appear to occur from November to May, during which time females experience two births: the first centred around November and December, and the second centred around April and May. These two birth seasons appear correlated to the two seasons of greater rainfall in Brunei: October to December, and April to July. Oestrous and mating apparently occur soon after each birth; however, there appears to be a 2- to 3-month period of delayed embryonic development following the births centred around April and May. The data are consistent with embryonic development commencing around July and August (after a delay) for the births centred around November and December, and around December and January for the births centred around April and May. The data suggest that all adult females participate in each breeding season. Adult males (n = 20) had body masses of 12.5-18.0 g, with forelimbs 3.91-4.26 cm in length. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. RP Kofron, CP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2493 Portola Rd,Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0001-7272 J9 ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM JI Acta Zool. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 89 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2007.00291.x PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 235QM UT WOS:000251249400006 ER PT J AU Michot, TC Woodin, MC Nault, AJ AF Michot, T. C. Woodin, M. C. Nault, A. J. TI FOOD HABITS OF REDHEADS (AYTHYA AMERICANA) WINTERING IN SEAGRASS BEDS OF COASTAL LOUISIANA AND TEXAS, USA SO ACTA ZOOLOGICA ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM HUNGARICAE LA English DT Article CT 5th Conference of Societas-Internationalis-Limnologiae (SIL) CY AUG 26-30, 2006 CL Aqua Birds Working Grp, Eger, HUNGARY SP Soc Int Limnol HO Aqua Birds Working Grp DE Chandeleur Sound; diet; Halodule; Laguna Madre; snail ID LOWER LAGUNA MADRE; FEEDING ECOLOGY; DIVING DUCKS; NORTHERN PINTAILS; WINGED TEAL; CANVASBACKS; PONDS; DIET; REDUCTION; NUTRITION AB Diets of wintering redheads (Aythya americana) have been studied in the past, but none of the previous studies compared diets of the upper gastrointestinal tract to determine if they differed due to sex, age, location, year, or time of year. We compared diets of redheads collected over seagrass beds at Chadeleur Sound, Louisiana (n = 287) and Laguna Madre, Texas (n = 495) during the winters of 1987-1988 to 1989-1990. We found no significant differences due to location, year, sex, age, or time of year. Halodule wrightii (shoalgrass) was the primary food of birds from both locations and comprised 74% (dry mass) of the combined esophageal and proventricular contents. Mollusks were of secondary importance and accounted for 21% (18% gastropods, 3% pelecypods) of the diet. Because wintering redheads depend almost entirely on a single seagrass species and associated fauna, protection and enhancement of Halodule beds should be the highest conservation priority within winter range of this species. C1 [Michot, T. C.; Nault, A. J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Woodin, M. C.] US Geol Survey, Texas Gulf Coast Field Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX USA. RP Michot, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM michott@usgs.gov NR 65 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU HUNGARIAN NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PI BUDAPEST PA BAROSS U 13, H-1088 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1217-8837 J9 ACTA ZOOL ACAD SCI H JI Acta Zool. Acad. Sci. Hung. PY 2008 VL 54 BP 239 EP 250 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 451HU UT WOS:000266462100022 ER PT J AU Woodin, MC Michot, TC Lee, MC AF Woodin, M. C. Michot, T. C. Lee, M. C. TI SALT GLAND DEVELOPMENT IN MIGRATORY REDHEADS (AYTHYA AMERICANA) IN SALINE ENVIRONMENTS ON THE WINTER RANGE, GULF OF MEXICO, USA SO ACTA ZOOLOGICA ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM HUNGARICAE LA English DT Article CT 5th Conference of Societas-Internationalis-Limnologiae (SIL) CY AUG 26-30, 2006 CL Aqua Birds Working Grp, Eger, HUNGARY SP Soc Int Limnol HO Aqua Birds Working Grp DE Aythya americana; Louisiana; redhead; salinity; salt gland; Texas ID DUCK ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS; LOWER LAGUNA MADRE; HYPERTONIC SALINE; NASAL GLANDS; COASTAL PONDS; WATER-BALANCE; SECRETION; BIRDS; TEXAS; ADAPTATIONS AB Redheads (Aythya americana) migrate annually from their breeding range in the interior of North America to winter along the coasts of the United States and Mexico. Two of the most important areas where redheads traditionally concentrate in winter are the Laguna Madre and nearby bays in southern Texas and the Chandeleur Sound in southeastern Louisiana. Redheads experience saline-to-hypersaline (>35 ppt) conditions in southern Texas, where they have ready access to numerous coastal ponds for drinking water. Redheads in the Chandeleur Sound experience reduced salinity (<30 ppt), and they seldom use supplemental fresh water. We weighed and analyzed supraorbital salt glands from redheads wintering in Texas and Louisiana. Mean mass of salt glands was lowest in November and became stabilized in size by January. Mean mass of salt glands in Texas did not differ between the two winters. The mass of salt glands of redheads from Texas (winters combined) was intermediate to, and significantly different from, the mean masses of salt glands of redheads from two different winters in Louisiana. Females exhibited smaller salt glands than did males in both Texas and Louisiana, suggesting that they were under less osmotic loading than males. Young birds during the second winter in Louisiana exhibited the heaviest salt glands, and therefore the most osmotic loading, of all birds in both states. Water balance concerns and osmoregulatory costs should be integrated more fully into future foraging and energetics studies of water birds in marine, coastal, and estuarine systems. C1 [Woodin, M. C.] US Geol Survey, Texas Gulf Coast Field Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Michot, T. C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. [Lee, M. C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Off, Corpus Christi, TX USA. RP Woodin, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Texas Gulf Coast Field Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX USA. EM marc_woodin@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUNGARIAN NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PI BUDAPEST PA BAROSS U 13, H-1088 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1217-8837 J9 ACTA ZOOL ACAD SCI H JI Acta Zool. Acad. Sci. Hung. PY 2008 VL 54 BP 251 EP 264 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 451HU UT WOS:000266462100023 ER PT S AU Barnett, MO Kent, DB AF Barnett, Mark O. Kent, Douglas B. BE Barnett, MO Kent, DB TI Developments in Earth & Environmental Sciences, 7 ADSORPTION OF METALS BY GEOMEDIA II: VARIABLES, MECHANISMS, AND MODEL APPLICATIONS Foreword SO ADSORPTION OF METALS BY GEOMEDIA II: VARIABLES, MECHANISMS, AND MODEL APPLICATIONS SE Developments in Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Barnett, Mark O.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kent, Douglas B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Barnett, MO (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-9197 BN 978-0-08-055656-7 J9 DEV EARTH ENV SCI PY 2008 VL 7 BP XI EP XV PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BCS19 UT WOS:000311244100001 ER PT S AU Bond, DL Davis, JA Zachara, JM AF Bond, Deborah L. Davis, James A. Zachara, John M. BE Barnett, MO Kent, DB TI Uranium(VI) Release from Contaminated Vadose Zone Sediments: Estimation of Potential Contributions from Dissolution and Desorption SO ADSORPTION OF METALS BY GEOMEDIA II: VARIABLES, MECHANISMS, AND MODEL APPLICATIONS SE Developments in Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CALCITE PRECIPITATION; HANFORD SEDIMENTS; FLUORESCENCE; ADSORPTION; SPECIATION; U(VI); COPRECIPITATION; INHIBITION; MINERALS; KINETICS AB A key difficulty in developing accurate, science-based conceptual models for remediation of contaminated field sites is the proper accounting of multiple coupled geochemical and hydrologic processes. An example of such a difficulty is the separation of desorption and dissolution processes in releasing contaminants from sediments to groundwaters; very few studies are found in the literature that attempt to quantify contaminant release by these two processes. In this study, the results from several extraction techniques, isotopic exchange experiments, and published spectroscopic studies were combined to estimate the contributions of desorption and dissolution to U(VI) release from contaminated sediments collected from the vadose zone beneath former waste disposal ponds in the Hanford 300-Area (Washington State). Vertical profiles of sediments were collected at four locations from secondary pond surfaces down to, and slightly below, the water table. In three of the four profiles, uranium concentration gradients were observed in the sediments, with the highest U concentrations at the top of the profile. One of the vertical profiles contained sediments with U concentrations up to 4.2 x 10(-7) mol g(-1) (100 ppm). U(VI) release to artificial groundwater solutions (AGWs) and extracts from these high-U concentration sediments occurred primarily from dissolution of precipitated U(VI) minerals, including the mineral metatorbernite, [Cu(UO2PO4)(2)center dot 8H(2)O]. At the bottom of this profile, beneath the water table, and in all three of the other profiles, U concentrations were <5.88 x 10(-8) mol g(-1) (14 ppm), and U(VI) release to AGWs occurred primarily due to desorption of U(VI). When reacted in batch experiments with AGWs with compositions representative of the range of chemical conditions in the underlying aquifer, all samples released U(VI) at concentrations greater than regulatory limits within few hours. A semi-mechanistic surface complexation model was developed to describe U(VI) adsorption on sediments collected from near the water table, as a function of pH, alkalinity, and Ca and U(VI) concentrations, using ranges in these variables relevant to groundwater conditions in the aquifer. Dilute (bi) carbonate solution extractions and uranium isotopic exchange methods were capable of estimating adsorbed U(VI) in samples where U(VI) release was predominantly due to U(VI) desorption; these techniques were not effective at estimating adsorbed U(VI) where U(VI) release was affected by dissolution of U(VI) minerals. The combination of extraction and isotopic exchange results, spectroscopic studies, and surface complexation modeling allow an adequate understanding for the development of a geochemical conceptual model for U(VI) release to the aquifer. The overall approach has generic value for evaluating the potential for release of metals and radionuclides from sediments that contain both precipitated and adsorbed contaminant speciation. C1 [Bond, Deborah L.; Davis, James A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zachara, John M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bond, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dlstoliker@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-9197 BN 978-0-08-055656-7; 978-0-44-453212-1 J9 DEV EARTH ENV SCI PY 2008 VL 7 BP 375 EP 416 DI 10.1016/S1571-9197(07)07014-0 PG 42 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BCS19 UT WOS:000311244100015 ER PT S AU Shearer, PM Earle, PS AF Shearer, Peter M. Earle, Paul S. BE Sato, H Fehler, MC TI OBSERVING AND MODELING ELASTIC SCATTERING IN THE DEEP EARTH SO ADVANCES IN GEOPHYSICS, VOL 50: EARTH HETEROGENEITY AND SCATTERING EFFECTS ON SEISMIC WAVES SE Advances in Geophysics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Seismic scattering; coda waves; Monte Carlo algorithms; deep Earth heterogeneity ID CORE-MANTLE BOUNDARY; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; SMALL-SCALE HETEROGENEITY; SEISMIC-WAVE SCATTERING; ENERGY-FLUX MODEL; INNER-CORE; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; FREQUENCY-DEPENDENCE; S-WAVE; TRANSPORT-THEORY AB Seismic scattering in the deep Earth below the mantle transition zone is observed from precursors and codas to a number of body-wave arrivals, including P, P(diff), PKP, PKiKP, PKKP, and P'P'. Envelope-stacking methods applied to large teleseismic databases are useful for resolving the globally averaged time and amplitude dependence of these arrivals. Slacks of P coda near 1 Hz from shallow earthquakes exhibit significant variations among different source and receiver locations, indicating lateral variations in scattering strength. At least some deep-mantle, core-mantle boundary, and inner L-core scattering is indicated by the observations, bill the strength and scale length of the random velocity heterogeneity required to explain the data are not yet firmly established. Monte Carlo seismic "particle" algorithms, based on numerical evalualion of radiative transfer theory with Born scattering amplitudes for random elastic heterogeneity, provide a powerful tool for computer modeling of scattering in the whole Earth because they preserve energy and can handle multiple scattering through depth-varying heterogeneity models. Efficient implementation of these algorithms can fie achieved by precomputing ray tracing tables and discretized scattering probability functions. C1 [Shearer, Peter M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Earle, Paul S.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Shearer, PM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Shearer, Peter/K-5247-2012 OI Shearer, Peter/0000-0002-2992-7630 FU National Science Foundation [EAR0229323] FX We thank Georee Choy, Stu Sipkin, Vernon Cormier, Ludovic Margerin, and Haruo Sato for detailed and constructive reviews. In particular, Hauro Sato noted the relevance of the Korn studies and Ludovic Margerin pointed out the differences between the global and the local Monte Carlo methods and the value of the Stokes parameters for handling general S-wave polarizations. This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grant EAR0229323. NR 67 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2687 BN 978-0-12-374509-5 J9 ADV GEOPHYS JI Adv. Geophys. PY 2008 VL 50 BP 167 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0065-2687(08)00006-X PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BIV38 UT WOS:000263146800006 ER PT S AU Naish, KA Taylor, JE Levin, PS Quinn, TP Winton, JR Huppert, D Hilborn, R AF Naish, Kerry A. Taylor, Joseph E., III Levin, Phillip S. Quinn, Thomas P. Winton, James R. Huppert, Daniel Hilborn, Ray BE Sims, DW TI An evaluation of the effects of conservation and fishery enhancement hatcheries on wild populations of salmon SO ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY SE Advances in Marine Biology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID INFECTIOUS HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS; RUN CHINOOK SALMON; BROWN TROUT POPULATIONS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; INTERSPECIFIC REPRODUCTIVE BARRIERS; MICROSATELLITE DNA VARIATION; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; ATLANTIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH AB The historical, political and scientific aspects of salmon hatchery programmes designed to enhance fishery production, or to recover endangered populations, are reviewed. We start by pointing out that the establishment of hatcheries has been a political response to societal demands for harvest and conservation; given this social context, we then critically examined the levels of activity, the biological risks, and the economic analysis associated with salmon hatchery programmes. A rigorous analysis of the impacts of hatchery programmes was hindered by the lack of standardized data on release sizes and survival rates at all ecological scales, and since hatchery programme objectives are rarely defined, it was also difficult to measure their effectiveness at meeting release objectives. Debates on the genetic effects of hatchery programmes on wild fish have been dominated by whether correct management practices can reduce negative outcomes, but we noted that there has been an absence of programmatic research approaches addressing this important issue. Competitive interactions between hatchery and wild fish were observed to be complex, but studies researching approaches to reduce these interactions at all ecological scales during the entire salmon life history have been rare, and thus are not typically considered in hatchery management. Harvesting of salmon released from fishery enhancement hatcheries likely impacts vulnerable wild populations; managers have responded to this problem by mass marking hatchery fish, so that fishing effort can be directed towards hatchery populations. However, we noted that the effectiveness of this approach is dependant on accurate marking and production of hatchery fish with high survival rates, and it is not yet clear whether selective fishing will prevent overharvest of wild populations. Finally, research demonstrating disease transmission from hatchery fish to wild populations was observed to be equivocal; evidence in this area has been constrained by the lack of effective approaches to studying the fate of pathogens in the wild. We then reviewed several approaches to studying the economic consequences of hatchery activities intended to inform the social decisions surrounding programmes, but recognized that placing monetary value on conservation efforts or on hatcheries that mitigate cultural groups' loss of historical harvest opportunities may complicate these analyses. We noted that economic issues have rarely been included in decision making on hatchery programmes. We end by identifying existing major knowledge gaps, which, if filled, could contribute towards a fuller understanding of the role that hatchery programmes could play in meeting divergent goals. However, we also recognized that many management recommendations arising from such research may involve trade-offs between different risks, and that decisions about these trade-offs must occur within a social context. Hatcheries have played an important role in sustaining some highly endangered populations, and it is possible that reform of practices will lead to an increase in the number of successful programmes. However, a serious appraisal of the role of hatcheries in meeting broader needs is urgently warranted and should take place at the scientific, but more effectively, at the societal level. C1 [Naish, Kerry A.; Levin, Phillip S.; Quinn, Thomas P.; Hilborn, Ray] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Taylor, Joseph E., III] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Hist & Geog, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. [Winton, James R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Huppert, Daniel] Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Naish, KA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM Knaish@u.washington.edu RI Hilborn, Ray/D-6332-2013; Naish, Kerry/F-5768-2014 OI Naish, Kerry/0000-0002-3275-8778 NR 473 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2881 BN 978-0-12-374119-6 J9 ADV MAR BIOL JI Adv. Mar. Biol. PY 2008 VL 53 BP 61 EP 194 DI 10.1016/S0065-2881(07)53002-6 PG 134 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BHK80 UT WOS:000253927500002 ER PT J AU Xian, G AF Xian, George TI Satellite remotely-sensed land surface parameters and their climatic effects for three metropolitan regions SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE impervious surface; land surface parameters; Land Surface Temperature; urban climate; urban heat island ID URBAN HEAT-ISLAND; TAMPA BAY; TEMPERATURE; RETRIEVAL; GROWTH AB By using both high-resolution orthoimagery and medium-resolution Landsat satellite imagery with other geospatial information, several land surface parameters including impervious surfaces and land surface temperatures for three geographically distinct urban areas in the United States-Seattle, Washington, Tampa Bay, Florida, and Las Vegas, Nevada, are obtained. Percent impervious surface is used to quantitatively define the spatial extent and development density of urban land use. Land surface temperatures were retrieved by using a single band algorithm that processes both thermal infrared satellite data and total atmospheric water vapor content. Land surface temperatures were analyzed for different land use and land cover categories in the three regions. The heterogeneity of urban land surface and associated spatial extents were shown to influence surface thermal conditions because of the removal of vegetative cover, the introduction of non-transpiring surfaces, and the reduction in evaporation over urban impervious surfaces. Fifty years of in situ climate data were integrated to assess regional climatic conditions. The spatial structure of surface heating influenced by landscape characteristics has a profound influence on regional climate conditions, especially through urban heat island effects. (c) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Xian, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM xian@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2008 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1861 EP 1869 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.11.004 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 314ZG UT WOS:000256847100016 ER PT J AU Brewer, SK Rabeni, CF AF Brewer, Shannon K. Rabeni, Charles F. TI Seasonal and diel habitat shifts by juvenile ictalurids in a flow-regulated prairie river SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FISH LARVAE; STREAMS; ASSEMBLAGE; ASSOCIATIONS; POPULATIONS; DOWNSTREAM; SELECTION; CRITERIA; SHALLOW; FLAVUS AB Currently, no flow regulations exist for the protection of riverine fishes in Missouri. Prerequisites for establishing flow guidelines are understanding what habitats are used by fishes at different times of the year and how much of that habitat will be available to each species under different discharge scenarios. We quantified microhabitat associations and selection for juvenile channel catfish Ictalurus Punctatus, flathead catfish pylodictis olivaris and stonecat Noturus flavus in a flow-regulated prairie river during summer (diurnal and nocturnal periods) and autumn (diurnal period) and then presented two-dimensional hydraulic modeling results from a previous study to determine how diel and seasonal microhabitat shifts might impact the availability of selected habitats at different flows. All ictalurid species exhibited seasonal and diel shifts in microhabitat selection. Selected habitat available would generally be maximized for each species between 10 m(3)/s and 30 m(3)/s which is greater than the current median discharge. Stonecats are most susceptible to dewatering during the diurnal summer period; however, the availability of selected habitat becomes flow limited (<10 m(3)/s) for all species during summer nocturnal and autumn periods because of changes in microhabitat selection during these periods. Channel catfish could be substantially impacted by extremely low flows during the summer nocturnal and autumn periods with no selected habitat available below 1 m(3)/s. Quantifying the amount of selected habitat that may be available under different discharge scenarios will aid managers in determining appropriate minimum flows for maintaining habitats for these species under a flow regime that continues to be partitioned to different stakeholder groups. C1 [Brewer, Shannon K.; Rabeni, Charles F.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Rabeni, CF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM RabeniC@missouri.edu NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 159 IS 1 BP 42 EP 54 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[42:SADHSB]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257FF UT WOS:000252783900005 ER PT J AU Drake, JM Cleland, EE Horner-Devine, MC Fleishman, E Bowles, C Smith, MD Carney, K Emery, S Gramling, J Vandermast, DB Grace, JB AF Drake, John M. Cleland, Elsa E. Horner-Devine, M. Claire Fleishman, Erica Bowles, Christy Smith, Melinda D. Carney, Karen Emery, Sarah Gramling, Joel Vandermast, David B. Grace, James B. TI Do non-native plant species affect the shape of productivity-diversity relationships? SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; GLOBAL CHANGE; INVASIBILITY; COMMUNITIES; BIODIVERSITY; GRASSLAND; RICHNESS; INVASION; DENSITY; ECOSYSTEMS AB The relationship between ecosystem processes and species richness is all active area of research and speculation. Both theoretical and experimental studies have been conducted in numerous ecosystems. One finding of these studies is that the shape of the relationship between productivity and species richness varies considerably among ecosystems and at different spatial scales, though little is known about the relative importance of physical and biological mechanisms causing this variation. Moreover, despite widespread concern about changes in species' global distributions, it remains unclear if and how such large-scale changes may affect this relationship. We present a new conceptual model of how invasive species might modulate relationships between primary production and species richness. We tested this model using long-term data on relationships between aboveground net primary production and species richness in six North American terrestrial ecosystems. We show that primary production and abundance of non-native species are both significant predictors of species richness, though we fail to detect effects of invasion extent on the shapes of the relationship between species richness and primary production. C1 [Drake, John M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Cleland, Elsa E.; Horner-Devine, M. Claire; Fleishman, Erica] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bowles, Christy; Smith, Melinda D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Carney, Karen] Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Emery, Sarah] Michigan State Univ, Wk Kellogg Biol Stn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gramling, Joel; Vandermast, David B.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Grace, James B.] Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Drake, JM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM idrake@uga.edu RI Drake, John/D-6622-2012; OI Drake, John/0000-0003-4646-1235 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 159 IS 1 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[55:DNPSAT]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257FF UT WOS:000252783900006 ER PT J AU Woodman, N Branstrator, JW AF Woodman, Neal Branstrator, Jon W. TI The Overmyer Mastodon (Mammut americanum) from Fulton county, Indiana SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION; NORTH-AMERICAN; LAKE-MICHIGAN; SOUTHERN END; HISTORY; PROGRAM; SITE; AGE AB In June 1978 the partial skeleton of an American mastodon, Mammut americanum, was salvaged from a drainage ditch in Fulton County, north-central Indiana. The remains were recovered mostly from ca. 170-260 cm below the current land surface in marl overlain by peat and peaty marl. The stratigraphy of the site indicates that the remains were deposited in a small, open-water pond that subsequently filled. The skeleton, which is 41-48% complete, is that of a mature female, ca. 30-34 y old at death based on dental eruption and wear. Postcranial bone measurements indicate that this individual was relatively large for a female. Radiocarbon dating of wood from under the pelvis of the mastodon provided a maximum date of 12,575 +/- 260 C-14 y BP [15,550-13,850 cal y BP] for the animal, which is up to 2575 C-14 y before the species is believed to have become extinct. Pollen samples from the site corroborate the interpretation that the regional climate was cooler and more humid than at present and supported a mixed spruce-deciduous parkland assemblage. The relatively small size of the molars of this and other mastodons from Indiana supports the hypothesis that late-glacial mastodons-just prior to their extinction-were smaller in size relative to earlier, full-glacial conspecifics. The relationship between molar size and body size is not clear, however, and there may be geographical factors as well as a temporal influence to size variation in these animals. C1 [Woodman, Neal] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Paluxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Branstrator, Jon W.] Earlham Coll, Dept Geosci, Richmond, IN 47374 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Paluxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC-111, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu; jonb@earlham.edu NR 76 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 159 IS 1 BP 125 EP 146 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[125:TOMMAF]2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257FF UT WOS:000252783900012 ER PT J AU Bur, MT Stapanian, MA Bernhardt, G Turner, MW AF Bur, Michael T. Stapanian, Martin A. Bernhardt, Glen Turner, Mark W. TI Fall diets of red-breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator) and walleye (Sander vitreus) in Sandusky Bay and adjacent waters of Western Lake Erie SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEMS; LARGEMOUTH BASS; PREY; PREDATION; FISH; CONSUMPTION; BLUEGILLS; BEHAVIOR; OVERLAP; GROWTH AB Although published studies indicate the contrary, there is concern among many sport anglers that migrating red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator) and other waterbirds pose a competitive threat to sport fish species such as walleye (Sander vitreus) in Lake Eric. We quantified the diet of autumn-migrant mergansers and walleye during 1998-2000 in Sandusky Bay and adjacent waters of western Lake Erie. We hypothesized that the diets of both predators would be similar in species composition, but because of different foraging ecologies their diets would differ markedly in size of prey consumed. In addition to predator samples, we used trawl data from the same general area as an index of prey availability. We found that mergansers fed almost exclusively on fish (nine species). Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), emerald shiner (Notrapis atherinoides) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) were consumed in the greatest numbers, most frequently and comprised the greatest biomass. Walleye fed exclusively on fish: gizzard shad, alewife (Alosa psuedoharengus) and emerald shiner were consumed in the greatest numbers, most frequently and comprised the greatest biomass. Diet overlap between mergansers and walleye was 67% by weight and 66% by species frequency. Mean total lengths of gizzard shad, emerald shiner and round goby found in walleye stomachs exceeded those captured in trawls by 47%, on average. Mean total lengths of gizzard shad, emerald shiner and round goby were greater in walleye stomachs than in merganser stomachs. Mean total lengths of emerald shiner and round goby were less in merganser stomachs than in trawls. Our results suggest that although the diets of walleye and mergansers overlapped considerably, mergansers generally consumed smaller fish than walleye. Given the abundance and diversity of prey species available, and the transient nature of mergansers on Lake Eric during migration, we conclude that competition for food between these species is minimal. C1 [Bur, Michael T.; Stapanian, Martin A.] Great Lakes Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Bernhardt, Glen] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Turner, Mark W.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Sandusky Fisheries Res Unit, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Bur, MT (reprint author), Great Lakes Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn,6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mbur@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 159 IS 1 BP 147 EP 161 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[147:FDORMM]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257FF UT WOS:000252783900013 ER PT J AU Jones, SL AF Jones, Stephanie L. TI A forty-year comparison of the breeding avifauna in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS; BIRD POPULATIONS; NORTH-DAKOTA; FOREST AB Studies comparing historical data with modern surveys can provide important insights into avian population trends. In 1993-1995 I repeated a breeding bird survey completed by G. W. Salt in 1952 and 1954 in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. The composition of breeding birds on all transects were comparable during the four decades, with most species shoving no discernable difference in relative abundance (60.7%; n = 54), although 45.6% (n = 41) showed strong annual variation in the 1990s. Long-distance migrants represented the greatest number of species present (52.8%; n = 47) and the largest proportion showing a decline (25.5%; n = 12). Resident species had the largest proportion showing an increase (31.8%; n = 7). One resident species (Clark's nutcracker, Nucifraga columbiana) and one short distance migrant (red-naped sapsucker, Sphyrapicus nuchalis) showed a declining trend. American bitterns (Botaurus lentiginosus) may have disappeared from the sites surveyed in this study. Willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) abundance, while highly variable in the 1990s, also showed a significant decline. Close to half of the species occurring in spruce-fir forest declined (42.2%; n 11), while species occurring in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forest increased (35.3%; n = 12). Large national parks, such as Grand Teton National Park, could act as avian refugium, fundamental in preserving species that are experiencing declines in surrounding areas or on wintering grounds. The value of relatively undisturbed landscapes, such as national parks, to protect and conserve species numbers and diversity is increasingly vital, as the landscape and habitat in the surrounding areas continue to change. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Jones, SL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg 6, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM Stephanie_Jones@fws.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 159 IS 1 BP 172 EP 189 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[172:AFCOTB]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257FF UT WOS:000252783900015 ER PT S AU Magness, DR Huettmann, F Morton, JM AF Magness, Dawn R. Huettmann, Falk Morton, John M. BE Smolinski, TG Milanova, MG Hassanien, AE TI Using Random Forests to Provide Predicted Species Distribution Maps as a Metric for Ecological Inventory & Monitoring Programs SO APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN BIOLOGY: CURRENT TRENDS AND OPEN PROBLEMS SE Studies in Computational Intelligence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HABITAT MODELS; CONSERVATION AB Sustainable management efforts are currently hindered by a lack of basic information about the spatial distribution of species on large landscapes. Based on complex ecological databases, computationally advanced species distribution models can provide great progress for solving this ecological problem. However, current lack of knowledge about the ecological relationships that drive species distributions reduces the capacity for classical statistical approaches to produce accurate predictive maps. Advancements in machine learning, like classification and bagging algorithms, provide a powerful tool for quickly building accurate predictive models of species distributions even when little ecological knowledge is readily available. Such approaches are also well known for their robustness when dealing with large data sets that have low quality. Here, we used Random Forests (Salford System's Ltd. and R language), a highly accurate bagging classification algorithm originally developed by L. Breiman and A. Cutler, to build multi-species avian distribution models using data collected as part of the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Long-term Ecological Monitoring Program (LTEMP). Distribution maps are a useful monitoring metric because they can be used to document range expansions or contractions and can also be linked to population estimates. We utilized variable radius point count data collected in 2004 and 2006 at 255 points arranged in a 4.8 km resolution, systematic grid spanning the 7722 km 2 spatial extent of Alaska's Kenai National Wildlife Refuge. We built distribution models for 40 bird species that are present within 200m of 2-56% of the sampling points resulting in models that represent species which are both rare and common on the landscape. All models were built using a common set of 157 environmental predictor variables representing topographical features, climatic space, vegetation, anthropogenic variables, spatial structure, and 5 randomly generated neutral landscape variables for quality assessment. Models with that many predictors have not been used before in avian modeling, but are commonly used in similar types of applications in commercial disciplines. Random Forests produced strong models (ROC > 0.8) for 16 bird species, marginal models (0.7 > ROC < 0.8) for 13 species, and weak models (ROC < 0.7) for 11 species. The ability of Random Forests to provide accurate predictive models was independent of how common or rare a bird was on the landscape. Random Forests did not rank any of the 5 neutral landscape variables as important for any of the 41 bird species. We argue that for inventory and monitoring programs the interpretive focus and confidence in reliability should be placed in the predictive ability of the map, and not in the assumed ecological meaning of the predictors or their linear relationships to the response variable. Given this focus, computer learning algorithms would provide a very powerful, cost-saving approach for building reliable predictions of species occurrence on the landscape given the current lack of knowledge on the ecological drivers for many species. Land management agencies need reliable predictions of current species distributions in order to detect and understand how climate change and other landscape drivers will affect future biodiversity. C1 [Magness, Dawn R.; Huettmann, Falk] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, EWHALE Lab, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Magness, Dawn R.; Morton, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AL 99669 USA. RP Magness, DR (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, EWHALE Lab, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM dawn.magness@uaf.edu; fffh@uaf.edu; john_m_morton@fws.gov NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-949X BN 978-3-540-78533-0 J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL PY 2008 VL 122 BP 209 EP 229 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-78534-7 PG 21 WC Biology; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Computer Science GA BLZ08 UT WOS:000271477100009 ER PT J AU Sahl, JW Schmidt, RH Swanner, ED Mandernack, KW Templeton, AS Kieft, TL Smith, RL Sanford, WE Callaghan, RL Mitton, JB Spear, JR AF Sahl, Jason W. Schmidt, Rale H. Swanner, Elizabeth D. Mandernack, Kevin W. Templeton, Alexis S. Kieft, Thomas L. Smith, Richard L. Sanford, William E. Callaghan, Robert L. Mitton, Jeffry B. Spear, John R. TI Subsurface microbial diversity in deep-granitic-fracture water in Colorado SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; RALSTONIA-METALLIDURANS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; OXIDIZING BACTERIA; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; IN-SITU; SP-NOV.; AQUIFERS AB A microbial community analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on borehole water and a granite rock core from Henderson Mine, a > 1,000-meter-deep molybdenum mine near Empire, CO. Chemical analysis of borehole water at two separate depths (1,044 m and 1,004 m below the mine entrance) suggests that a sharp chemical gradient exists, likely from the mixing of two distinct subsurface fluids, one metal rich and one relatively dilute; this has created unique niches for microorganisms. The microbial community analyzed from filtered, oxic borehole water indicated an abundance of sequences from iron-oxidizing bacteria (Gallionella spp.) and was compared to the community from the same borehole after 2 weeks of being plugged with an expandable packer. Statistical analyses with UniFrac revealed a significant shift in community structure following the addition of the packer. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis suggested that Nitrosomonadales dominated the oxic borehole, while PLFAs indicative of anaerobic bacteria were most abundant in the samples from the plugged borehole. Microbial sequences were represented primarily by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and a lineage of sequences which did not group with any identified bacterial division; phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of a novel candidate division. This "Henderson candidate division" dominated the clone libraries from the dilute anoxic fluids. Sequences obtained from the granitic rock core (1,740 m below the surface) were represented by the divisions Proteobacteria (primarily the family Ralstoniaceae) and Firmicutes. Sequences grouping within Ralstoniaceae were also found in the clone libraries from metal-rich fluids yet were absent in more dilute fluids. Lineage-specific comparisons, combined with phylogenetic statistical analyses, show that geochemical variance has an important effect on microbial community structure in deep, subsurface systems. C1 [Sahl, Jason W.; Schmidt, Rale H.; Mandernack, Kevin W.; Spear, John R.] Colorado Sch Mines, Div Environm Sci & Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Swanner, Elizabeth D.; Templeton, Alexis S.; Mitton, Jeffry B.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kieft, Thomas L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Smith, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Sanford, William E.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Callaghan, Robert L.] Clin Molybdenum Co, Empire, CO 80438 USA. RP Spear, JR (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Div Environm Sci & Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jspear@mines.edu RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008; Swanner, Elizabeth/D-5799-2013; Sanford, William/F-7380-2016; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125; Sanford, William/0000-0001-9085-1367; Spear, John/0000-0002-4664-7438; Swanner, Elizabeth/0000-0001-9507-0893; TEMPLETON, ALEXIS/0000-0002-9670-0647 NR 65 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 74 IS 1 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1128/AEM.01133-07 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 248ZF UT WOS:000252195200017 PM 17981950 ER PT J AU Boyarski, VL Savidge, JA Rodda, GH AF Boyarski, Valerie L. Savidge, Julie A. Rodda, Gordon H. TI Brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) trappability: Attributes of the snake, environment and trap SO APPLIED HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boiga irregularis; brown treesnake; Carlia ailanpalai; curious skink; Guam; invasive species; prey reduction; program MARK; trappability; vertebrate pest ID MARKED ANIMALS; GUAM; SURVIVAL; ISLAND AB We examined three classes of factors that may influence brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) trappability on Guam: (I) attributes of the snake, (2) attributes of the environment and (3) attributes of the trap. The attributes of the snake we considered included body condition, length and sex. Heavier snakes for a given size (better body condition) moved less and were less easily trapped. Longer snakes were easier to trap. Males were also slightly more easily trapped than females. We compared brown treesnake trappability between two study sites that differed greatly in the abundance of diurnal skinks. an important prey item for smaller snakes. We predicted that snakes, especially small individuals (<800 mm snout-vent length), would be more easily trapped in the low prey environment, a result that received only weak support from our data. However, small snakes were rarely trapped under any circumstance. We also predicted that diurnal foraging would be observed in the site with a higher density of diurnal prey, but daytime snake captures were negligible at both sites. Two attributes of traps that we varied were attractant (mouse vs. skink) and entrance flaps (present vs. absent). Traps with mice as attractant registered 6-16 fold more snake Captures. We found little influence of entrances on captures. These modulators of brown treesnake trappability may have analogues in a variety of especially species that undergo an ontogenetic shift in diet. C1 [Boyarski, Valerie L.; Savidge, Julie A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rodda, Gordon H.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Boyarski, VL (reprint author), Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Nongame Branch, 5000 W Carefree Highway, Phoenix, AZ 85085 USA. EM vboyarski@yahoo.com NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-7539 J9 APPL HERPETOL JI Appl. Herpetol. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 47 EP 61 DI 10.1163/157075408783489239 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 351WV UT WOS:000259457500004 ER PT J AU Bury, RB AF Bury, R. Bruce TI Low thermal tolerances of stream amphibians in the Pacific Northwest: Implications for riparian and forest management SO APPLIED HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Critical Thermal Maximum; Dicamptodon; headwater; Rhyacotriton; salamander; temperature ID OREGON COAST RANGE; TAILED FROG; RHYACOTRITON VARIEGATUS; TORRENT SALAMANDERS; ASCAPHUS-TRUEI; GROWTH FORESTS; TEMPERATURE; HABITAT; CALIFORNIA; ABUNDANCE AB Temperature has a profound effect on survival and ecology of amphibians. In the Pacific Northwest, timber harvest is known to increase peak stream temperatures to 24 degrees C or higher, which has potential to negatively impact cold-water stream amphibians. I determined the Critical Thermal Maxima (CTmax) for two salamanders that are endemic to the Pacific Northwest. Rhyacotriton variegatus larvae acclimated at 10 degrees C had mean CTmax of 26.7 +/- 0.7 SD degrees C and adults acclimated at 11 degrees C had mean CTmax of 27.9 +/- 1.1 degrees C. These were among the lowest known values for any amphibian. Values were significantly higher for larval Dicamptodon tenebrosus acclimated at WC ((x) over bar = 29.1 +/- 0.2 degrees C). Although the smallest R. variegatus had some of the lowest values, size of larvae and adults did not influence CTmax in this species. Current forest practices retain riparian buffers along larger fish-bearing streams; however, Such buffers along smaller headwaters and non-fish bearing streams may provide favorable habitat conditions for coldwater-associated species in the Pacific Northwest. The current Study lends further evidence to the need for protection of Northwest stream amphibians from environmental perturbations. Forest guidelines that include riparian buffer zones and configurations of upland stands should be developed, while monitoring amphibian responses to determine their success. C1 USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bury, RB (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bruce_bury@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 22 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-7539 J9 APPL HERPETOL JI Appl. Herpetol. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1163/157075408783489211 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 351WV UT WOS:000259457500005 ER PT J AU Grant, EHC Bailey, LL Ware, JL Duncan, KL AF Grant, Evan H. Campbell Bailey, Larissa L. Ware, Joy L. Duncan, Karen L. TI Prevalence of the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in stream and wetland amphibians in Maryland, USA SO APPLIED HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amphibian chytrid fungus; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; frogs; salamanders; streams; wetlands ID CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; INFECTION; FROGS; SALAMANDERS; WIDESPREAD; AUSTRALIA; DECLINES; DISEASE; BUFO; DNA AB The amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, responsible for the potentially fatal amphibian disease chytridiomycosis, is known to occur in a large and ever increasing number of amphibian populations around the world. However, sampling has been biased towards stream- and wetland-breeding anurans, with little attention paid to stream-associated salamanders. We sampled three frog and three salamander species in the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historic Park, Maryland, by swabbing animals for PCR analysis to detect DNA of B. dendrobatidis. Using PCR. we detected B. dendrobatidis DNA fit both stream and wetland amphibians, and report here the first occurrence of the pathogen in two species of stream-associated salamanders. Future research should focus on mechanisms within habitats that may affect persistence and dissemination of B. dendrobatidis among stream-associated salamanders. C1 [Grant, Evan H. Campbell; Bailey, Larissa L.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Ware, Joy L.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pathol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Duncan, Karen L.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Grant, EHC (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM ehgrant@usgs.gov RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009; Grant, Evan/N-5160-2014 OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496 FU State of Maryland [40600]; National Park Service [CHOH-2006-SCI-0024] FX We thank Sandra Mattfeldt and Clint Otto for help in field data collection and David Green for histology on tadpoles in CHOH wetlands in 2005. Bill Fagan, Blake Hossack and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on the manuscript. Protocols were approved by the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Animal Care and Use Committee (July 2006) and the University of Maryland's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol R-05-41), and research permits were obtained from the State of Maryland (#40600) and the National Park Service (#CHOH-2006-SCI-0024). NR 29 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-7539 EI 1570-7547 J9 APPL HERPETOL JI Appl. Herpetol. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 233 EP 241 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 374JH UT WOS:000261039100003 ER PT J AU Riley, SC Munkittrick, KR Evans, AN Krueger, CC AF Riley, Stephen C. Munkittrick, Kelly R. Evans, Allison N. Krueger, Charles C. TI Understanding the ecology of disease in Great Lakes fish populations SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE disease ecology; population dynamics; fish health ID BOTULINUM TYPE-E; BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; AVIAN BOTULISM; THIAMINASE ACTIVITY; ECOSYSTEM HEALTH; CHINOOK SALMON; SAGINAW BAY AB Disease may be an important factor affecting wild fish population dynamics in the Great Lakes, but a lack of information on the ecology of fish disease currently precludes the prediction of risks to fish populations. Here we propose a conceptual framework for conducting ecologically-oriented fish health research that addresses the inter-relationships among fish health, fish populations, and ecosystem dysfunction in the Great Lakes. The conceptual framework describes potential ways in which disease processes and the population-level impacts of disease may relate to ecosystem function, and suggests that functional ecosystems are more likely to be resilient with respect to disease events than dysfunctional ecosystems. We suggest that ecosystem- or population-level research on the ecology of fish disease is necessary to understand the relationships between ecosystem function and fish health, and to improve prediction of population-level effects of diseases on wild fish populations in the Great Lakes. Examples of how the framework can be used to generate research questions are provided using three disease models of current interest in the Great Lakes: thiamine deficiency complex, botulism, and bacterial kidney disease. C1 [Riley, Stephen C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Munkittrick, Kelly R.] Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, St John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada. [Evans, Allison N.; Krueger, Charles C.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Riley, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM sriley@usgs.gov RI Munkittrick, Kelly/B-1462-2014 NR 110 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 33 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2008 VL 11 IS 3 BP 321 EP 334 DI 10.1080/14634980802301638 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 340DB UT WOS:000258625200007 ER PT J AU Rudstam, L Schaner, T Gal, G Boscarino, B O'Gorman, R Warner, D Johannsson, O Bowen, K AF Rudstam, Lars G. Schaner, Ted Gal, Gideon Boscarino, Brent T. O'Gorman, Robert Warner, David M. Johannsson, Ora E. Bowen, Kelly L. TI Hydroacoustic measures of Mysis relicta abundance and distribution in Lake Ontario SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article CT 49th Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Great-Lakes-Research CY MAY 22-28, 2006 CL Univ Windsor, Windsor, CANADA SP Int Assoc Great Lakers Res HO Univ Windsor DE mysids; biomass; echosounder; 120 kHz ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; SITU TARGET-STRENGTH; FRESH-WATER; MACROHECTOPUS-BRANICKII; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS; ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS; KRILL BIOMASS; 120 KHZ; ZOOPLANKTON; FISH AB Mysis relicta can be observed on echograms as a sound scattering layer when they migrate into the water column at night to feed on zooplankton. However, quantitative measures of mysid abundance with hydroacoustics requires knowledge of mysid target strength (TS), a method of removing fish echoes and contribution from noise, and an understanding of the effect of range on the ability of hydroacoustics to detect mysids (the detection limit). Comparisons of paired net data and acoustics data from July 7, 2005 yielded a mysid TS of -86.3 dB (9 mm animal) and a biomass TS of -58.4 dB (g dry wt)-1. With ambient noise levels (Sv of -125 dB at 1 m depth) and this TS, we can detect a mysid density of 1 m-3 at 60 m depth with a signal to noise ratio of 3 dB. We present a method to remove backscattering from both noise and fish and apply this method and the new TS data to whole lake acoustic data from Lake Ontario collected in July 25-31, 2005 with a 120 kHz echosounder as part of the annual standard fish survey in that lake. Mysis abundance was strongly depth dependent, with highest densities in areas with bottom depth 100 m, and few mysids in areas with bottom depth 50 m. With the data stratified in five bottom depth strata ( 100 m, 100-75 m, 75-50 m, 50-30 m, 30 m), the whole-lake average mysid density was 118 m-2 (CV 21%) and the whole-lake average mysid biomass was 0.19 g dry wt m-2 (CV 22%) in July 2005. The CVs of these densities also account for uncertainty in the TS estimates. This is comparable to whole-lake density estimates using vertical net tows in November, 2005 (93 m-2, CV 16%). C1 [Rudstam, Lars G.; Boscarino, Brent T.] Dept Nat Resources, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Rudstam, Lars G.; Boscarino, Brent T.] Cornell Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Schaner, Ted] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Picton, ON K0K 2T0, Canada. [Gal, Gideon] IOLR, Kinneret Limnol Lab, Migdal, Israel. [O'Gorman, Robert] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Warner, David M.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Johannsson, Ora E.; Bowen, Kelly L.] Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Rudstam, L (reprint author), Dept Nat Resources, 900 Shackelton Point Rd, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. RI Warner, David/C-8858-2009 NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2008 VL 11 IS 4 BP 355 EP 367 AR PII 906373182 DI 10.1080/14634980802539708 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 379RI UT WOS:000261413500002 ER PT J AU Walsh, M O'Gorman, R Strang, T Edwards, W Rudstam, L AF Walsh, Maureen G. O'Gorman, Robert Strang, Theodore Edwards, William H. Rudstam, Lars G. TI Fall diets of alewife, rainbow smelt, and slimy sculpin in the profundal zone of southern Lake Ontario during 1994-2005 with an emphasis on occurrence of Mysis relicta SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article CT 49th Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Great-Lakes-Research CY MAY 22-28, 2006 CL Univ Windsor, Windsor, CANADA SP Int Assoc Great Lakers Res HO Univ Windsor DE Diporeia; food web; preyfish; Great Lakes; Bythotrephes longimanus; Cercopagis pengoi ID ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; COTTUS-COGNATUS; OSMERUS-MORDAX; FOOD; MICHIGAN; DISAPPEARANCE; ESTABLISHMENT; PREDATION; DECLINES AB In Lake Ontario, factors including the collapse of the burrowing amphipod, Diporeia spp., changes in the distribution and composition of the prey fish community, and occurrence of exotic cladocerans Bythotrephes longimanus and Cercopagis pengoi have led to changes in predation pressure on the remaining native profundal macroinvertebrate, Mysis relicta. We conducted a diet study on three important prey fishes, alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), and slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) in 2002-2005 at depths 75-130 m along the south shore of Lake Ontario to evaluate the current role of Mysis in the diets of these species relative to earlier studies and previously unpublished data from 1994-1995. Mysis have remained an important prey item for alewife, rainbow smelt, and slimy sculpin in the profundal zone of southern Lake Ontario through 2005, indicating that the population has been able to sustain itself following the collapse of Diporeia. Although the occurrence of Diporeia in prey fish diets was minimal in 2003-2005, Bythotrephes longimanus and Cercopagis pengoi played an important role in the diet of alewife and a minor role in the diet of rainbow smelt, and may actually serve to mitigate predation pressure on Mysis, particularly in years when they are very abundant. Conversely, without Diporeia, the benthic slimy sculpin was primarily reliant on Mysis as a prey item and would be most vulnerable to a decline in the Mysis population. C1 [Rudstam, Lars G.] Cornell Univ, Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Walsh, Maureen G.; O'Gorman, Robert; Strang, Theodore; Edwards, William H.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. RP Walsh, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH USA. EM mwalsh@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2008 VL 11 IS 4 BP 368 EP 376 AR PII 906371372 DI 10.1080/14634980802516128 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 379RI UT WOS:000261413500003 ER PT J AU O'Gorman, R Prindle, SE Lantry, JR Lantry, BF AF O'Gorman, R. Prindle, S. E. Lantry, J. R. Lantry, B. F. TI Disruption of the lower food web in Lake Ontario: Did it affect alewife growth or condition? SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article CT 49th Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Great-Lakes-Research CY MAY 22-28, 2006 CL Univ Windsor, Windsor, CANADA SP Int Assoc Great Lakers Res HO Univ Windsor DE Bythotrephes; Cercopagis; Diporeia; Dreissenids; great lakes ID SMELT OSMERUS-MORDAX; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; CERCOPAGIS-PENGOI; RAINBOW SMELT; GREAT-LAKES; BYTHOTREPHES-CEDERSTROEMI; MICHIGAN ALEWIVES; DYNAMICS; PREY; ESTABLISHMENT AB From the early 1980s to the late 1990s, a succession of non-native invertebrates colonized Lake Ontario and the suite of consequences caused by their colonization became known as food web disruption. For example, the native burrowing amphipod Diporeia spp., a key link in the profundal food web, declined to near absence, exotic predaceous cladocerans with long spines proliferated, altering the zooplankton community, and depth distributions of fishes shifted. These changes had the potential to affect growth and condition of planktivorous alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, the most abundant fish in the lake. To determine if food web disruption affected alewife, we used change-point analysis to examine alewife growth and adult alewife condition during 1976-2006 and analysis-of-variance to determine if values between change points differed significantly. There were no change points in growth during the first year of life. Of three change points in growth during the second year of life, one coincided with the shift in springtime distribution of alewife to deeper water but it was not associated with a significant change in growth. After the second year of life, no change points in growth were evident, although growth in the third year of life spiked in those years when Bythotrephes, the largest of the exotic cladocerans, was abundant suggesting that it was a profitable prey item for age-2 fish. We detected two change points in condition of adult alewife in fall, but the first occurred in 1981, well before disruption began. A second change point occurred in 2003, well after disruption began. After the springtime distribution of alewife shifted deeper during 1992-1994, growth in the first two years of life became more variable, and growth in years of life two and older became correlated (P 0.05). In conclusion, food web disruption had no negative affect on growth and condition of alewife in Lake Ontario although it appears to have resulted in growth in the first two years of life becoming more variable, growth in years of life two and older becoming correlated (P 0.05), and growth spurts in year of life three. C1 [O'Gorman, R.; Lantry, B. F.] US Geol Survey, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Biol Resources Discipline, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Prindle, S. E.; Lantry, J. R.] Cape Vincent Fisheries Res Stn, New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Cape Vincent, NY 13618 USA. RP O'Gorman, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Biol Resources Discipline, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. EM rogorman@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2008 VL 11 IS 4 BP 392 EP 402 AR PII 906371781 DI 10.1080/14634980802515526 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 379RI UT WOS:000261413500005 ER PT J AU Errera, RM Roelke, DL Kiesling, RL Brooks, BW Grover, JP Schwierzke, L Urena-Boeck, F Baker, JW Pinckney, JL AF Errera, Reagan M. Roelke, Daniel L. Kiesling, Richard L. Brooks, Bryan W. Grover, James P. Schwierzke, Leslie Urena-Boeck, Fabiola Baker, Jason W. Pinckney, James L. TI Effect of imbalanced nutrients and immigration on Prymnesium parvum community dominance and toxicity: results from in-lake microcosm experiments SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; phytoplankton; competition; CHEMTAX; nutrient limitation; HAB; toxins ID MULTISPECIES COMPETITION; PHYTOPLANKTON; GROWTH; FISH; HAPTOPHYTA; SURVIVAL; ALGAE; TEMPERATURE; PHOSPHORUS; ABUNDANCE AB Prymnesium parvum, a haptophyte species, forms harmful blooms, including those that have caused severe fish kills in Texas, USA, over the past 6 yr. We studied P. parvum dynamics using in situ microcosm experiments at Lake Possum Kingdom, Texas, during 3 seasons (fall 2004, winter and spring 2005). Experimental treatments included full and partial nutrient enrichment (encompassing nitrogen [N] and phosphorus [P] deficient treatments), P. parvum immigration and combinations of these factors. In the control and N and P deficient treatments, P, parvum populations dominated the community, but only in the N deficient treatments did P. parvum experience a significant growth in the population. In contrast, when nutrients were not limiting, P. parvum tended to lose its competitive edge to other taxa such as chlorophytes, euglenophytes and diatoms, which then dominated the community. Population growth of P. parvum was also stimulated through immigration, but only during the winter experiment, a period of the year when bloom initiation is common. This finding suggests that movement into the water column may be an important process leading to P. parvum bloom initiation. Toxicity of P. parvum to fish was also affected by the nutrient changes: during conditions of no nutrient addition P. parvum was most toxic; intermediate toxicity was observed under N and P deficient conditions, and full nutrient enrichments resulted in nearly non-toxic conditions. C1 [Errera, Reagan M.; Roelke, Daniel L.; Schwierzke, Leslie] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Roelke, Daniel L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kiesling, Richard L.; Urena-Boeck, Fabiola] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Environm Sci, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Kiesling, Richard L.; Urena-Boeck, Fabiola] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Brooks, Bryan W.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Brooks, Bryan W.] Baylor Univ, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Grover, James P.; Baker, Jason W.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Grover, James P.; Baker, Jason W.] Univ Texas Arlington, Program Environm & Earth Sci, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Pinckney, James L.] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Pinckney, James L.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Errera, RM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, 2258 TAMUS, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM rmerrera@tamu.edu RI Brooks, Bryan/B-2612-2010; Roelke, Daniel/B-5766-2008; Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014 OI Brooks, Bryan/0000-0002-6277-9852; NR 44 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PY 2008 VL 52 IS 1 BP 33 EP 44 DI 10.3354/ame01199 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 335ZS UT WOS:000258334700004 ER PT J AU Rattner, BA Golden, NH Toschik, PC McGowan, PC Custer, TW AF Rattner, B. A. Golden, N. H. Toschik, P. C. McGowan, P. C. Custer, T. W. TI Concentrations of metals in blood and feathers of nestling ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) in chesapeake and delaware bays SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HERONS NYCTICORAX-NYCTICORAX; CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LEAD ACCUMULATION; USA; RIVER; EGGS; BIOMAGNIFICATION; TOXICITY; REGIONS AB In 2000, 2001, and 2002, blood and feather samples were collected from 40-45-day-old nestling ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) from Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay and River. Concentrations of 18 metals, metalloids, and other elements were determined in these samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy, and Hg concentrations were measured by cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy. When compared to concurrent reference areas (South, West, and Rhode Rivers), mean As and Hg concentrations in blood were greater (p < 0.05) in two of three Chesapeake Bay regions of concern (Baltimore Harbor [As: 1.18 vs. 0.548 mu g/g dw], Anacostia River [Hg: 0.305 vs. 0.178 mu g/g dw], and Elizabeth River [As: 0.876 vs. 0.663 mu g/g dw; Hg: 0.260 vs. 0.180 mu g/g dw]). Lead was detected more frequently in blood of nestlings from the highly industrialized Elizabeth River compared to the rural reference area. When compared to the concurrent reference area, mean Al, Ba, Hg, Mn, and Pb concentrations in feathers were substantially greater (p < 0.05) in one or more Chesapeake regions of concern (Anacostia River [Al: 206 vs. 62.1 mu g/g dw; Ba: 3.31 vs. 0.823 mu g/g dw; Mn: 65.4 vs. 22.9 mu g/g dw] and Elizabeth River [Al: 165 vs. 63.5 mu g/g dw; Hg: 1.24 vs. 0.599 mu g/g dw; Pb 1.47 vs. 0.543 mu g/g dw]). When compared to the coastal Inland Bays reference area, feathers of nestlings from northern Delaware Bay and River had greater concentrations (p < 0.05) of Ba (1.90 vs. 0.660 mu g/g dw), Fe (258 vs. 109 mu g/g dw), Mn (18.5 vs. 4.66 mu g/g dw), Mo (0.130 vs. 0.040 mu g/g dw), Pb (1.96 vs. 0.624 mu g/g dw), and V (0.671 vs. 0.325 mu g/g dw), presumably due to extensive metal-working and petroleum refinery activities. Concentrations of Hg in nestling feathers from Delaware were frequently greater than in the Chesapeake. The present findings and those of related reproductive studies suggest that concentrations of several heavy metals (e.g., Cd, Hg, Pb) in nestling blood and feathers from Chesapeake and Delaware Bays were below toxicity thresholds and do not seem to be affecting chick survival during the nestling period. C1 [Rattner, B. A.; Golden, N. H.; Toschik, P. C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Golden, N. H.; Toschik, P. C.] Univ Maryland, Marine Estuarine Environm Sci Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McGowan, P. C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Custer, T. W.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E,Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Barnett_Rattner@usgs.gov OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 29 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 114 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s00244-007-9004-6 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 243TX UT WOS:000251821300013 PM 17763889 ER PT S AU Amstrup, SC Marcot, BG Douglas, DC AF Amstrup, Steven C. Marcot, Bruce G. Douglas, David C. BE DeWeaver, ET Bitz, CM Tremblay, LB TI A Bayesian Network Modeling Approach to Forecasting the 21st Century Worldwide Status of Polar Bears SO ARCTIC SEA ICE DECLINE: OBSERVATIONS, PROJECTIONS, MECHANISMS, AND IMPLICATIONS SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; ARCTIC SEA-ICE; SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA; URSUS-MARITIMUS; RINGED SEAL; BELIEF NETWORKS; PHOCA-HISPIDA; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; PREDATORY BEHAVIOR; HABITAT SELECTION AB To inform the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service decision, whether or not to list polar bears as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), we projected the status of the world's polar bears (Ursus maritimus) for decades centered on future years 2025, 2050, 2075, and 2095. We defined four ecoregions based on current and projected sea ice conditions: seasonal ice, Canadian Archipelago, polar basin divergent, and polar basin convergent ecoregions. We incorporated general circulation model projections of future sea ice into a Bayesian network (BN) model structured around the factors considered in ESA decisions. This first-generation BN model combined empirical data, interpretations of data, and professional judgments of one polar bear expert into a probabilistic framework that identifies causal links between environmental stressors and polar bear responses. We provide guidance regarding steps necessary to refine the model, including adding inputs from other experts. The BN model projected extirpation of polar bears from the seasonal ice and polar basin divergent ecoregions, where approximate to 2/3 of the world's polar bears currently occur, by mid century. Projections were less dire in other ecoregions. Decline in ice habitat was the overriding factor driving the model outcomes. Although this is a first-generation model, the dependence of polar bears on sea ice is universally accepted, and the observed sea ice decline is faster than models suggest. Therefore, incorporating judgments of multiple experts in a final model is not expected to fundamentally alter the outlook for polar bears described here. C1 [Amstrup, Steven C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Marcot, Bruce G.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Amstrup, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM samstrup@usgs.gov NR 124 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-445-0 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2008 VL 180 BP 213 EP 268 DI 10.1029/180GM14 D2 10.1029/GM180 PG 56 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BKA21 UT WOS:000267579700013 ER PT J AU Skagen, SK Granfors, DA Melcher, CP AF Skagen, Susan K. Granfors, Diane A. Melcher, Cynthia P. TI On determining the significance of ephemeral continental wetlands to north American migratory shorebirds SO AUK LA English DT Article DE calidridine sandpipers; midcontinental North America; migration; monitoring; population estimation; prairie wetlands; shorebird ID MIGRANT SHOREBIRDS; STOPOVER ECOLOGY; PRAIRIE WETLANDS; RED KNOTS; SANDPIPERS; DYNAMICS; RATES AB Conservation challenges enhance the need for quantitative information on dispersed bird populations in extensive landscapes, for techniques to monitor populations and assess environmental effects, and for conservation strategies at appropriate temporal and spatial scales. By estimating population sizes of shorebirds in the U.S. portion of the prairie pothole landscape in central North America, where most migrating shorebirds exhibit a highly dispersed spatial pattern, we determined that the region may play a vital role in the conservation of shorebirds. During northward and southward migration, 7.3 million shorebirds (95% CI: 4.3-10.3 million) and 3.9 million shorebirds (95% CI: 1.7-6.0 million) stopped to rest and refuel in the study area; inclusion of locally breeding species increases the estimates by 0.1 million and 0.07 million shorebirds, respectively. Seven species of calidridine sandpipers, including Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla), White-rumped Sandpipers (C. fuscicollis), and Stilt Sandpipers (C. himantopus), constituted 50% of northbound migrants in our study area. We present an approach to population estimation and monitoring, based on stratified random selection of townships as sample units, that is well suited to 11 migratory shorebird species. For extensive and dynamic wetland systems, we strongly caution against a monitoring program based solely on repeated counts of known stopover sites with historically high numbers of shorebirds. We recommend refinements in methodology to address sample-size requirements and potential sources of bias so that our approach may form the basis of a rigorous migration monitoring program in this and other prairie wetland regions. C1 [Skagen, Susan K.; Melcher, Cynthia P.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Granfors, Diane A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Fergus Falls, MN 56537 USA. RP Skagen, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM skagens@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 8 U2 21 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2008 VL 125 IS 1 BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.125.1.20 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 308FA UT WOS:000256372500003 ER PT J AU Johnson, M Walters, JR AF Johnson, Matthew Walters, Jeffrey R. TI Effects of mate and site fidelity on nest survival of Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE behavior; Calidris mauri; dispersal; divorce; reproduction; shorebird; Western Sandpiper ID POLYANDROUS SPOTTED SANDPIPER; ARCTIC-BREEDING SANDPIPERS; SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPERS; DOLICHONYX-ORYZIVORUS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ACCIPITER-NISUS; PARUS-MAJOR; CLUTCH SIZE; DISPERSAL; BIRDS AB We examined the effects of mate and site fidelity on Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) nesting success in a breeding population on the Yukon-Kuskokwim River Delta, Alaska (1998-2005). We estimated return rates (percentage of banded birds that returned to the site in the subsequent season) and mate fidelity among 533 individually marked birds (296 females and 237 males) and monitored 430 nests with sufficient data for nest-survival analyses. Return rates were lower for females (40%) than for males (65%). Annual divorce rates (both members of a pair returned and each mated with a new individual) ranged between 10 and 29%, with 4-26% of pairs reuniting annually. Reuniting pairs initiated clutches earlier than newly formed pairs, and clutches that were initiated early in the season had higher nest-success rates than those initiated later in the season. However, when initiation date was controlled, mate fidelity did not explain significant variation in daily nest survival rate. When we controlled for seasonal variation, nests tended by individuals with prior breeding-site experience had higher daily survival rates than those tended by birds breeding at the site for the first time. This effect was greater for males than for females. We also observed annual and seasonal variation in nest survival, as well as variation associated with nest age. Future study of the proximate causes of temporal variation would add considerably to our understanding of temporal effects on individual behavior, fitness, and population dynamics. C1 [Johnson, Matthew; Walters, Jeffrey R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM jedibirdnerd@yahoo.com NR 78 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2008 VL 125 IS 1 BP 76 EP 86 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.125.1.76 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 308FA UT WOS:000256372500009 ER PT J AU Drew, GS Piatt, JF AF Drew, Gary S. Piatt, John F. TI Using geographic information systems to compare non-uniform marine bird surveys: Detecting the decline of Kittlitz's Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) in Glacier Bay, Alaska SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Alaska; at-sea survey; Brachyramphus brevirostris; density; Glacier Bay; Kittlitz's Murrelet ID SEABIRDS AB Kittlitz's Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) is a rare seabird whose populations are concentrated in glaciated areas of Alaska. Declines in some parts of its range have led to increased concern over population viability. The remote and cryptic nesting habits of Kittlitz's Murrelets, in contrast to colonial seabirds, preclude monitoring their populations at nest sites and necessitate use of at-sea surveys to count birds. We compared surveys for seabirds in Glacier Bay, Alaska, during 1991, 1999, and 2000, to identify trends in the local Kittlitzs Murrelet population. The surveys conducted in 1999-2000 covered much of the same habitat as those conducted in 1991 but differed in aspects of survey design (i.e., start and stop points, navigation methods, and amount of offshore sampling). We developed a technique using a geographic information system to extract and recompile data from the 1999-2000 surveys that allowed spatially "matched" comparisons with the 1991 survey transects. This comparison of using "matched" transects indicated that the Kittlitz's Murrelet population in Glacier Bay had declined by 83% between 1991 and 1999-2000. Our analytical approach may be useful in similar situations in which current and historical surveys are not spatially uniform, particularly where there is a strong spatial component to the species distribution. C1 [Drew, Gary S.; Piatt, John F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Drew, GS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 East Tudor, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM gary_drew@usgs.gov OI Drew, Gary/0000-0002-6789-0891 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2008 VL 125 IS 1 BP 178 EP 182 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.125.1.178 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 308FA UT WOS:000256372500020 ER PT J AU McIntyre, CL Douglas, DC Collopy, MW AF McIntyre, Carol L. Douglas, David C. Collopy, Michael W. TI Movements of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) from interior Alaska during their first year of independence SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Aquila chrysaetos; Denali; Golden Eagle; migration; migratory behavior; movements ID DENALI-NATIONAL-PARK; SATELLITE-TRACKING; LOCATION ACCURACY; MIGRATION ROUTES; PRAIRIE FALCONS; BALD EAGLES; SURVIVAL; CONSERVATION; PRODUCTIVITY; ORIENTATION AB We used satellite telemetry to study year-round movements of two cohorts of juvenile Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) from Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska. Radiotagged Golden Eagles started autumn migration between 15 September and 5 October and arrived on their winter areas 31 to 86 days later. Cumulative tracking distances during autumn migration ranged from 818 to 4,815 km. Peak tracking velocities during autumn migration reached 261 km day(-1) in 1997 and 472 km day(-1) in 1999. Golden Eagles wintered from southern Yukon Territory to southern New Mexico, and most spent the winter within 75 km of the location where they terminated their autumn migration. Spring migration occurred from late March through mid-June. Eagles showed little fidelity to their autumn migration paths as they migrated northwest in spring through western Canada and into Alaska. Duration of spring migration ranged from 24 to 54 days, and cumulative tracking distance during spring migration ranged from 2,032 to 4,491 km. Peak tracking velocities during spring migration reached 284 km day(-1) in 1998 and 330 km day(-1) in 2000. In contrast to juvenile Golden Eagles raised at temperate latitudes in North America, juveniles raised in Denali traveled thousands of kilometers across western North American during their first year of independence. Our results suggest that conservation strategies for migratory Golden Eagles from Denali, and perhaps from other areas in northern North America, require a continental approach. C1 [McIntyre, Carol L.] Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Collopy, Michael W.] Univ Nevada, Acad Environm, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP McIntyre, CL (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, 4175 Geist Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM carol_mcintyre@ups.gov NR 36 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2008 VL 125 IS 1 BP 214 EP 224 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.125.1.214 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 308FA UT WOS:000256372500024 ER PT J AU Livezey, KB Root, TL Gremel, SA Johnson, C AF Livezey, Kent B. Root, Terry L. Gremel, Scott A. Johnson, Craig TI Natural range expansion of Barred Owls? A critique of Monahan and Hijmans (2007) SO AUK LA English DT Letter ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; STRIX-VARIA; OREGON C1 [Livezey, Kent B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Root, Terry L.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm Yang & Yamazaki Environm & En, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Johnson, Craig] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Livezey, KB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, 510 Desmond Dr, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. EM kent_livezey@fws.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2008 VL 125 IS 1 BP 230 EP 232 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.125.1.230 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 308FA UT WOS:000256372500026 ER PT J AU Perry, MC AF Perry, Matthew C. TI In memoriam: Mortimer Brooke Meanley, Jr., 1915-2007 SO AUK LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Perry, MC (reprint author), Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2008 VL 125 IS 1 BP 235 EP 237 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.125.1.235 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 308FA UT WOS:000256372500029 ER PT J AU Bierlein, FP Northover, HJ Groves, DI Goldfarb, RJ Marsh, EE AF Bierlein, F. P. Northover, H. J. Groves, D. I. Goldfarb, R. J. Marsh, E. E. TI Controls on mineralisation in the Sierra Foothills gold province, central California, USA: a GIS-based reconnaissance prospectivity analysis SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE California; GIS; orogenic gold; prospectivity analysis; Sierra Foothills; USA ID MOUNTAINS FAULT ZONE; QUARTZ VEIN SYSTEMS; OROGENIC-GOLD; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; YILGARN CRATON; METAMORPHIC BELT; STABLE ISOTOPE; NORTH-AMERICA; PACIFIC RIM; NEVADA AB The assessment of spatial relationships between the location, abundance and size of orogenic-gold deposits in the highly endowed Sierra Foothills gold province in California, via the combination of field studies and a GIS-based analysis, illustrates the power of such an approach to the characterisation of important parameters of mineral systems, and the prediction of districts likely to host economic mineralisation. Regional-to deposit-scale reconnaissance mapping suggests that deposition of gold-bearing quartz veins occurred in second-and third-order, east-over-west thrusts during regional east west compression and right-lateral transpression. At the district-scale, significant zones of mineralisation correspond with such transpressional reactivation zones and dilational jogs that developed during the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous along the misaligned segments of first-order faults throughout the Sierra Nevada Foothills Metamorphic Belt. Field-based observations and interpretation of GIS data (including solid geology, structural elements, deposit locations, magnetics, gravity) also highlight the importance of structural permeability contrasts, rheological gradients, and variations in fault orientation for localising mineralisation. Although this approach confirms empirical findings and produces promising results at the province scale, enhanced geological, structural, geophysical and geochronological data density is required to generate regionally consistent, high-quality input layers that improve predictive targeting at the goldfield to deposit-scale. C1 [Bierlein, F. P.; Northover, H. J.; Groves, D. I.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Ctr Explorat Target, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. [Goldfarb, R. J.; Marsh, E. E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Bierlein, FP (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Ctr Explorat Target, 35 Stirling Highway, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. EM bierlein@cyllene.uwa.edu.au NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0812-0099 J9 AUST J EARTH SCI JI Aust. J. Earth Sci. PY 2008 VL 55 IS 1 BP 61 EP 78 DI 10.1080/08120090701581398 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 251WA UT WOS:000252405600006 ER PT J AU Mortimer, N Hauff, F Calvert, AT AF Mortimer, N. Hauff, F. Calvert, A. T. TI Continuation of the new england orogen, australia, beneath the queensland plateau and lord howe rise SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE geochemistry; Lord Howe Rise; New England orogen; Ocean Drilling Program; petrology; potassium-argon dating; Queensland Plateau; strontium isotopes ID EARLY PALEOZOIC SANDSTONES; NEW-ZEALAND; FOLD BELT; SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; TASMAN SEA; SUBDUCTION COMPLEX; TORLESSE TERRANE; BASEMENT GEOLOGY; GREENLAND GROUP AB Greywacke, argillite, greyschist and hypabyssal igneous rocks have been obtained from an Ocean Drilling Program core on the Queensland Plateau and from xenoliths in a volcanic breccia dredged from the crest of the Lord Howe Rise. Low to intermediate detrital quartz contents, 260-240Ma K-Ar ages, and only moderately radiogenic Sr and Nd isotope compositions, suggest a correlation with the New England Orogen of eastern Australia, rather than with Australia's Lachlan Orogen or other adjacent geological provinces. Our results indicate that the New England Orogen terranes continue towards New Zealand at least as far as the southern Lord Howe Rise. The projected offshore boundaries of the major east Australian orogens are now known with more confidence, and do not appear to require any major cross-orogen offsets. C1 [Mortimer, N.] GNS Sci, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand. [Hauff, F.] IFM, GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Calvert, A. T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94035 USA. RP Mortimer, N (reprint author), GNS Sci, Private Bag 1930, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand. EM n.mortimer@gns.cri.nz RI Mortimer, Nick/D-5791-2011 OI Mortimer, Nick/0000-0002-6812-3379 NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0812-0099 J9 AUST J EARTH SCI JI Aust. J. Earth Sci. PY 2008 VL 55 IS 2 BP 195 EP 209 DI 10.1080/08120090701689365 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 265BO UT WOS:000253334300006 ER PT J AU Bull, KF Crawford, AJ McPhie, J Newberry, RJ Meffre, S AF Bull, K. F. Crawford, A. J. McPhie, J. Newberry, R. J. Meffre, S. TI Geochemistry, geochronology and tectonic implications of Late Silurian-Early Devonian volcanic successions, Central Lachlan Orogen, New South Wales SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE A-type; felsic volcanic rocks; geochemistry; geochronology; I-type; Lachlan Orogen; Mt Hope Volcanics; Ural Volcanics ID A-TYPE GRANITES; FOLD BELT; SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA; TRACE-ELEMENT; IMMOBILE ELEMENTS; ZIRCON STANDARDS; IGNEOUS ROCKS; I-TYPE; DISCRIMINATION; MAGMATISM AB The Ural Volcanics and Mt Hope Volcanics in the Central Lachlan Orogen, New South Wales, overlie non-volcanic, sedimentary, below-wave-base submarine facies in two intracontinental rift basins, the Rast and Mt Hope Troughs. The Ural Volcanics and Mt Hope Volcanics consist primarily of felsic (rhyolite to dacite), coherent facies and associated felsic monomictic breccia facies. These volcanic facies are interpreted to represent submarine lava-sill complexes, which define intrabasinal, effusive, volcanic and shallow intrusive centres. Small felsic intrusions and rare intermediate (monzodiorite) to mafic (gabbro) dykes also occur. The rocks experienced chlorite to biotite greenschist-facies metamorphism. LA-ICPMS U/Pb zircon dating indicates the Ural Volcanics and the Mt Hope Volcanics were broadly contemporaneous, but with mean ages of 421 +/- 2 and 411 +/- 5Ma, respectively, the Ural Volcanics are slightly older. Given the differences in the degree of metamorphism, the different ages might represent greater Pb loss for the Mt Hope Volcanics. Major- and trace-element data (variably high K+, Zr, Nb, and Y, among others) is most consistent with A-type, within-plate origins for the igneous rocks, although some loss of immobile elements apparently accompanied metamorphism. The geologic setting, based on mapping, indicates that the Ural Volcanics and Mt Hope Volcanics were erupted and deposited in an intrabasinal environment, best described as an elongate, intracontinental submarine rift. This setting, and apparent absence of a proximal contemporaneous arc, supports contentions that A-type magmas are produced in rift settings. C1 [Bull, K. F.; Crawford, A. J.; McPhie, J.; Meffre, S.] Univ Tasmania, ARC Ctr Excellence Ore Deposits, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Newberry, R. J.] Univ Alaska, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Bull, KF (reprint author), Alaska Volcano Observ, Alaska Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, 3354 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. EM katharine.bull@alaska.gov RI Meffre, Sebastien/J-8700-2014 OI Meffre, Sebastien/0000-0003-2741-6076 NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0812-0099 J9 AUST J EARTH SCI JI Aust. J. Earth Sci. PY 2008 VL 55 IS 2 BP 235 EP 264 DI 10.1080/08120090701689381 PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 265BO UT WOS:000253334300008 ER PT S AU Miranda, LE AF Miranda, Leandro E. BE Allen, MS Sammons, S Maceina, MJ TI Extending the Scale of Reservoir Management SO BALANCING FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND WATER USES FOR IMPOUNDED RIVER SYSTEMS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th North American Reservoir Symposium on Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems CY JUN 07-09, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Fisheries Soc SE Div Reservoir Comm ID FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; RIVER CONTINUUM CONCEPT; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; WATERSHED LAND-USE; UPPER PARANA RIVER; FOOD WEBS; RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT; MISSOURI RESERVOIRS; LANDSCAPE VARIABLES; LAKES AB Reservoir fishery managers have traditionally viewed reservoirs as stand-alone systems and emphasized in-lake management practices such as controlling selected fish populations, restraining and promoting harvest, and enhancing fish habitat. However, reservoirs do not always respond to in-lake approaches that ignore important factors operating Outside the reservoir. I propose an expanded concept,where reservoirs are viewed as parts of the landscape and influenced by tributaries, riparian zones, watersheds, and position in the river basin. The influence of tributaries over reservoir fish assemblages ranges from almost none in reservoirs positioned high in a basin where lacustrine fish assemblages prevail to a large effect in downstream reservoirs where riverine fish assemblages prevail. Many species inhabiting reservoirs typically require tributaries to complete their life cycle, or at least their abundance in the reservoir is enhanced by access to flowing water and upriver floodplain lakes. Riparian and buffer zones surrounding tributaries and the reservoir trap sediments and nutrients, reduce wind and associated wave action, provide bank stability and Woody debris, and improve esthetics. Direct links between riparian zones and reservoir fish assemblages have received limited research attention, but evidence indicates that riparian plant debris enhances fish species richness, predator-prey interactions, and recruitment of selected species in the littoral zone. Imports from watersheds, including sediments, nutrients, and carbon from dissolved or particulate organic matter, interact to influence turbidity, water quality, primary production, and habitat quality Fish assemblages are shaped by eutrophication, and organic detritus imported from highly disturbed watersheds may play a major role in promoting key detritivores. At the basin scale, abiotic characteristics, species richness, species and trophic composition, biomass, and population characteristics show longitudinal gradients along reservoir series. Basin-scale variables constrain the expression of processes at smaller scales but are seldom controllable, although an appreciation of basin patterns helps set limits for smaller-scale determinants and thereby management expectations. Extending the scale of reservoir management call enhance the manager's ability to impact reservoir fish populations and assemblages and increase the effectiveness of traditional in-lake management measures. Nevertheless, reaching outside the reservoir through potentially segregated efforts of isolated managers may not be sustainable, especially if reservoir managers lack jurisdiction and training to reach beyond the reservoir shores. Thus, managers must participate in landscape-level partnerships to advocate landscape changes likely to benefit reservoir environments. Extending the scale of reservoir management does not mean that reservoir managers must become watershed managers, but simply that they should think about reservoirs as part of bigger systems and thereby network with those working upstream and in the watershed to advance reservoir issues. C1 US Geol Survey, Mississipi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississipi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov NR 110 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-06-6 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2008 VL 62 BP 75 EP 102 PG 28 WC Fisheries; Water Resources SC Fisheries; Water Resources GA BIX56 UT WOS:000263597300007 ER PT S AU Graeb, BDS Chipps, SR Willis, DW Lott, JP Hanten, RP Nelson-Stastny, W Erickson, JW AF Graeb, Brian D. S. Chipps, Steven R. Willis, David W. Lott, John P. Hanten, Robert P. Nelson-Stastny, Wayne Erickson, Jack W. BE Allen, MS Sammons, S Maceina, MJ TI Walleye Response to Rainbow Smelt Population Decline and Liberalized Angling Regulations in a Missouri River Reservoir SO BALANCING FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND WATER USES FOR IMPOUNDED RIVER SYSTEMS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th North American Reservoir Symposium on Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems CY JUN 07-09, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, SE Div Reservoir Comm ID GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL; RATES; FISH AB Following the collapse of the primary prey fish species in Lake Oahe (rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax), liberalized harvest regulations were imposed on walleyes Sander vitreus, the primary piscivore, to decrease predation on smelt and facilitate their recovery. To evaluate the Success of this regulation, we conducted a 5-year tagging Study to evaluate fishing and natural mortality rates before and after the regulation went into effect. Total annual mortality for both male and female walleyes increased substantially in the 3 years following liberalized regulations (53% preregulation to 75% postregulation). Mortality rates were similar across the size range of female walleyes during the 2 years prior to the liberalized regulation but increased with female size after regulations were enacted. Mortality rates for males generally increased with total length but in a similar fashion before and after the regulation. Exploitation rates increased slightly after the regulation (18% preregulation to 22% postregulation), primarily due to harvest of smaller than 381-min walleyes. Although fishing mortality increased after liberalization, the overall decline in walleye abundance was primarily due to natural mortality of larger (>381 min) individuals. Bioenergetics modeling showed that smelt accounted for 86-99% of consumed energy by walleyes when smelt were abundant (1993-1994) but only 20-46% after the smelt population declined (2001-2002). Size-specific patterns in net energy gain showed distinct differences between the two periods. In the 1990s, consumption of rainbow smelt alone resulted in positive net energy gains ranging from 370 to 2,304 kcal/fish/year. However, in the 2000s, consumption of rainbow smelt was insufficient to meet daily energy requirements, resulting in negative net energy values (-1,015 to -133 kcal/fish/year). To grow under these conditions, walleyes larger than 3,50 rum had to consume alternative prey that included macroinvertebrates and other prey fish taxa. Because the predator-prey imbalance in our Study was largely compensatory, regulation changes aimed at improving the prey base (i.e., increasing smelt abundance) should be carefully planned and implemented. Our analyses showed that rapid implementation of regulation changes (i.e., minimize lag time) combined with increased harvest of older, larger predators provided the most parsimonious response to this situation by allowing harvest of fish that were otherwise lost to natural mortality. C1 [Graeb, Brian D. S.; Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, USGS S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Graeb, BDS (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, USGS S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, NPB 156,Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM brian.graeb@sdstate.edu RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-06-6 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2008 VL 62 BP 275 EP 292 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Water Resources SC Fisheries; Water Resources GA BIX56 UT WOS:000263597300019 ER PT S AU Schramm, HL French, WE Vondracek, B AF Schramm, Harold L., Jr. French, William E. Vondracek, Bruce BE Allen, MS Sammons, S Maceina, MJ TI Mortality of Walleyes and Saugers Caught in Live-Release Tournaments SO BALANCING FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND WATER USES FOR IMPOUNDED RIVER SYSTEMS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th North American Reservoir Symposium on Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems CY JUN 07-09, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Fisheries Soc SE Div Reservoir Comm ID LARGEMOUTH BASS; BLACK BASS; STRESS; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; MICROPTERUS; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; FISH AB We measured initial mortality (fish judged nonreleasable at weigh-in), prerelease mortality (fish judged nonreleasable 1-2 h after weigh-in), and postrelease mortality (fish that died during 5-d retention in net pens) in seven live-release walleye Sander vitreus tournaments conducted in April-October 2006 oil four lakes and the Mississippi River. Among the seven events, initial mortality was 0-20%, prerelease mortality was 3-48%, and postrelease mortality was 0-100%. Mortality was generally low in events conducted when lake or river water temperature was below 18 degrees C. Mortality was substantially higher in two events when water temperatures were above 25 degrees C and in one event when fishing and postrelease mortality evaluation occurred in rough-water conditions. The relationship between water temperature and survival of walleye caught ill live-release tournaments warrants further evaluation. C1 [Schramm, Harold L., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. RP Schramm, HL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mail Stop 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. EM hschramm@cfr.msstate.edu NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-06-6 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2008 VL 62 BP 625 EP 636 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Water Resources SC Fisheries; Water Resources GA BIX56 UT WOS:000263597300041 ER PT J AU Lahr, TF Haun-Mohamed, R Frierson, EG AF Lahr, Thomas F. Haun-Mohamed, Robin Frierson, Eleanor G. BE Lynden, I Wu, J TI DEVELOPING THE DIGITAL WORLD OF GOVERNMENT INFORMATION AND OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS: A VIEW FROM THE UNITED STATES SO BEST PRACTICES IN GOVERNMENT INFORMATION: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB U.S. government agencies are creating new digital government information services, many through collaboration and partnerships within and outside the government. Massive digitization and digital preservation initiatives are proposed or in process. Support for e-Government at the highest levels is creating opportunities for innovation and impetus for change in the way government information and official publications are created and made available. Initiatives discussed in this paper include two government-supported partnerships: the National Biological Information Infrastructure and the United States Government Printing Office national digitization plan followed by an overview of a cross-government partnership Science.gov. These innovative US Government systems and programs provide new value added access and retrieval options to U. S. government information which was previously unavailable or time consuming to locate. C1 [Lahr, Thomas F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Biol Informat Infrastruct, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Haun-Mohamed, Robin] US Govt Printing Off, Program Dev Serv, Washington, DC 20401 USA. [Frierson, Eleanor G.] Natl Agr Lib, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lahr, TF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Biol Informat Infrastruct, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr MS 302, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN 30 PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN 30, GERMANY BN 978-3-598-44041-0 PY 2008 BP 161 EP 172 D2 10.1515/9783598440410 PG 12 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA BOM24 UT WOS:000276984300012 ER PT J AU Wickland, KP Neff, JC AF Wickland, Kimberly P. Neff, Jason C. TI Decomposition of soil organic matter from boreal black spruce forest: environmental and chemical controls SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; boreal forest; decomposition; permafrost; pyrolysis GC/MS; soil organic carbon ID CARBON BALANCE; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; TAIGA ECOSYSTEMS; PEAT ACCUMULATION; ALASKAN TUNDRA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATURE; PEATLANDS; QUALITY; CO2 AB Black spruce forests are a dominant covertype in the boreal forest region, and they inhabit landscapes that span a wide range of hydrologic and thermal conditions. These forests often have large stores of soil organic carbon. Recent increases in temperature at northern latitudes may be stimulating decomposition rates of this soil carbon. It is unclear, however, how changes in environmental conditions influence decomposition in these systems, and if substrate controls of decomposition vary with hydrologic and thermal regime. We addressed these issues by investigating the effects of temperature, moisture, and organic matter chemical characteristics on decomposition of fibric soil horizons from three black spruce forest sites. The sites varied in drainage and permafrost, and included a "Well Drained" site where permafrost was absent, and "Moderately well Drained" and "Poorly Drained" sites where permafrost was present at about 0.5 m depth. Samples collected from each site were incubated at five different moisture contents (2, 25, 50, 75, and 100% saturation) and two different temperatures (10 degrees C and 20 degrees C) in a full factorial design for two months. Organic matter chemistry was analyzed using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry prior to incubation, and after incubation on soils held at 20 degrees C, 50% saturation. Mean cumulative mineralization, normalized to initial carbon content, ranged from 0.2% to 4.7%, and was dependent on temperature, moisture, and site. The effect of temperature on mineralization was significantly influenced by moisture content, as mineralization was greatest at 20 degrees C and 50-75% saturation. While the relative effects of temperature and moisture were similar for all soils, mineralization rates were significantly greater for samples from the "Well Drained" site compared to the other sites. Variations in the relative abundances of polysaccharide-derivatives and compounds of undetermined source (such as toluene, phenol, 4-methyl phenol, and several unidentifiable compounds) could account for approximately 44% of the variation in mineralization across all sites under ideal temperature and moisture conditions. Based on our results, changes in temperature and moisture likely have similar, additive effects on in situ soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition across a wide range of black spruce forest systems, while variations in SOM chemistry can lead to significant differences in decomposition rates within and among forest sites. C1 [Wickland, Kimberly P.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Neff, Jason C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neff, Jason C.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wickland, KP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Rm E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM kpwick@usgs.gov; neffjc@colorado.edu RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472; Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590 NR 76 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JAN PY 2008 VL 87 IS 1 BP 29 EP 47 DI 10.1007/s10533-007-9166-3 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 250IR UT WOS:000252293800003 ER PT J AU Myers-Smith, IH Harden, JW Wilmking, M Fuller, CC McGuire, AD Chapin, FS AF Myers-Smith, I. H. Harden, J. W. Wilmking, M. Fuller, C. C. McGuire, A. D. Chapin, F. S., III TI Wetland succession in a permafrost collapse: interactions between fire and thermokarst SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BOREAL PEATLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON ACCUMULATION; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; PEAT ACCUMULATION; INTERIOR ALASKA; NORTH-AMERICA; WHITE SPRUCE; FORESTS; CANADA AB To determine the influence of fire and thermokarst in a boreal landscape, we investigated peat cores within and adjacent to a permafrost collapse feature on the Tanana River Floodplain of Interior Alaska. Radioisotope dating, diatom assemblages, plant macrofossils, charcoal fragments, and carbon and nitrogen content of the peat profile indicate similar to 600 years of vegetation succession with a transition from a terrestrial forest to a sedge-dominated wetland over 100 years ago, and to a Sphagnum-dominated peatland in approximately 1970. The shift from sedge to Sphagnum, and a decrease in the detrended tree-ring width index of black spruce trees adjacent to the collapse coincided with an increase in the growing season temperature record from Fairbanks. This concurrent wetland succession and reduced growth of black spruce trees indicates a step-wise ecosystem-level response to a change in regional climate. In 2001, fire was observed coincident with permafrost collapse and resulted in lateral expansion of the peatland. These observations and the peat profile suggest that future warming and/or increased fire disturbance could promote permafrost degradation, peatland expansion, and increase carbon storage across this landscape; however, the development of drought conditions could reduce the success of both black spruce and Sphagnum, and potentially decrease the long-term ecosystem carbon storage. C1 [Myers-Smith, I. H.; Chapin, F. S., III] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Harden, J. W.; Fuller, C. C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wilmking, M.] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Bot & Landscape Ecol, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Myers-Smith, IH (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Ctr Biol Sci, Dept Biol Sci, CW 405, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. EM imyerssmith@ualberta.ca RI Myers-Smith, Isla/D-1529-2013; OI Myers-Smith, Isla/0000-0002-8417-6112; Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910; Fuller, Christopher/0000-0002-2354-8074 FU USGS Earth Surface Dynamics Program; Bonanza Creek LTER; NSF [DEB-0423442]; USDA Forest Service; Pacific Northwest Research Station [PNW01-JV11261952-231] FX Jill Bubier assisted in the reconnaissance and site selection when we formed the fire-based hypothesis for permafrost collapse and we thank her for her valuable insight. We thank Kathleen Ruhland for valuable help with peat diatom preparation and identification; John Barron, Elizabeth Fourtanier, and Morgan Peterson for assistance with diatom procedures, identification and literature; Jamie Hollingsworth, Merritt Turetsky, Kaarle Strailey, and Dan Ulliassi for field and laboratory assistance; Juul Limpens, Martin Evans, Kathleen Ruhland, Lesliegh Anderson, John Barron, Evan Kane, Jon O'Donnell, Nick Lizusso and two anonymous referees for their helpful reviews of the manuscript. This research was funded by the USGS Earth Surface Dynamics Program and the Bonanza Creek LTER (Long-Term Ecological Research) program (funded jointly by NSF grant DEB-0423442 and USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station grant PNW01-JV11261952-231). NR 61 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2008 VL 5 IS 5 BP 1273 EP 1286 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 360LT UT WOS:000260059700006 ER PT J AU Martin, SR Onuf, CP Dunton, KH AF Martin, Summer R. Onuf, Christopher P. Dunton, Kenneth H. TI Assessment of propeller and off-road vehicle scarring in seagrass beds and wind-tidal flats of the southwestern Gulf of Mexico SO BOTANICA MARINA LA English DT Article DE Halodule wrightii; ORV tracks; propeller scarring; seagrass; wind-tidal flats ID LAGUNA-MADRE; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; HALODULE WRIGHTII; MEADOWS; TEXAS; BIOMASS; USA; WASHINGTON; REDUCTION; AUSTRALIA AB We used aerial photography and GIS to establish a quantitative baseline of propeller and off-road vehicle (ORV) scarring in seagrass and wind-tidal flats of the upper Laguna Madre in the Padre Island National Seashore (Texas, USA). We also examined scar recovery through comparison of recent (2002, 2005) and historical (1967) aerial photographs of the study area. Scarring intensity was calculated using two different methods. In the first, polygons were visually drawn around groups of scars on digital images. Scarring intensity was estimated as light (< 5%), moderate (5-20%), or severe (> 20%), based on the total coverage of scars within each polygon (taking into account the length, width, and density of scars). We developed a more objective method that employed creation of vector grid cells and buffers that incorporated the localized ecological impact of scars. Results of spatial and temporal analysis revealed that the polygon approach greatly underestimated the magnitude of scarring. For example, in a single photograph, 7% of seagrass area was lightly scarred according to the polygon method; but light scarring increased to 51% according to grid analysis of the same image. Our results also indicated that propeller scars in Halodule wrightii beds appear to recover in less than three years and ORV tracks have persisted in the wind-tidal flats for at least 38 years. Our approach provides resource managers with procedures for a more objective and efficient assessment of physical disturbances to seagrass and wind-tidal flats caused by boats and ORVs. C1 [Martin, Summer R.; Dunton, Kenneth H.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Onuf, Christopher P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Martin, SR (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, 750 Channel View Dr, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. EM summer.martin@la.gov NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 19 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0006-8055 J9 BOT MAR JI Bot. Marina PY 2008 VL 51 IS 2 BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.1515/BOT.2008.015 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 326PS UT WOS:000257672000001 ER PT J AU Rigby, JK Blodgett, RB Britt, BB AF Rigby, J. Keith Blodgett, Robert B. Britt, Brooks B. TI Ordovician sponges from west-central and east-central Alaska and western Yukon Territory, Canada SO BULLETIN OF GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Porifera; sponge; Ordovician; Alaska; Yukon Territory; Jones Ridge Limestone ID SPHINCTOZOAN SPONGES; MIDDLE AB Moderate collections of fossil sponges have been recovered over a several-year period from a few scattered localities in west-central and east-central Alaska, and from westernmost Yukon Territory of Canada. Two fragments of the demosponge agelasiid cliefdenellid, Cliefdenella alaskaensis Stock, 1981, and mostly small unidentifiable additional fragments were recovered from a limestone debris flow bed in the White Mountain area, McGrath A-4 Quadrangle in west-central Alaska. Fragments of the agelasiid actinomorph girtyocoeliids Girtyocoeliana epiporata (Rigby & Potter, 1986) and Girtyocoelia minima n. sp., plus a specimen of the vaceletid colospongiid Corymbospongia amplia Rigby, Karl, Blodgett & Baichtal, 2005, were collected from probable Ashgillian age beds in the Livengood B-5 Quadrangle in east-central Alaska. A more extensive suite of corymbospongiids, including Corymbospongia betella Rigby, Potter & Blodgett, 1988, C. mica Rigby & Potter, 1986, and C.(?) perforata Rigby & Potter, 1986, along with the vaceletiid colospongiids Pseudo-imperatoria minima? (Rigby & Potter, 1986), and Pseudoimperatoria media (Rigby & Potter, 1986), and with the heteractinid Nucha naucum? Pickett & Jell, 1983, were recovered from uppermost part of the Jones Ridge Limestone (Ashgillian), on the south flank of Jones Ridge, in the Sheep Mountain Quadrangle, in westernmost Yukon Territory, Canada. The fossil sponges from the McGrath A-4 and Livengood B-5 quadrangles were recovered from attached Siberian terranes, and those from the Sheep Mountain Quadrangle were recovered from an allochthonous Laurentian terrane in the Yukon Territory. C1 [Rigby, J. Keith; Britt, Brooks B.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Earth Sci Museum, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Blodgett, Robert B.] US Geol Survey Contractor, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Rigby, JK (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Earth Sci Museum, Room 165, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM rigbyjkeith@gmail.com; rblodgett@usgs.gov; brooks.britt@gmail.com NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CZECH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PI PRAGUE PA KLAROV 131/3, PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 1214-1119 J9 B GEOSCI JI Bull. Geosci. PY 2008 VL 83 IS 2 BP 153 EP 168 DI 10.3140/bull.geosci.2008.02.153 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 360XP UT WOS:000260091800003 ER PT S AU Stapanian, MA Madenhan, CP Bronte, CR Ebener, MP Lantry, BF Stockwell, JD AF Stapanian, Martina A. Madenhan, Charles P. Bronte, Charles R. Ebener, Mark P. Lantry, Brian F. Stockwell, Jason D. BE Paragamian, VL Bennett, DH TI Status of burbot populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes SO BURBOT: ECOLOGY, MANAGEMENT AND CULTURE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Burbo Symposium CY SEP 13, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK ID SEA LAMPREY CONTROL; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; FISH COMMUNITY; CASE-HISTORY; LOTA-LOTA; FOOD-WEB; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; ONTARIO; MICHIGAN; SUPERIOR AB Burbot Lota Iota populations collapsed in four of the five Laurentian Great Lakes between 1930 and the early 1960s. Collapses in Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Ontario were associated with sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus predation, whereas the collapse in Lake Erie was likely due to a combination of overexploitation, decreased water quality, and habitat degradation. We examined time series for burbot population density in all five lakes extending as far back as the early 1970s to present time and characterized the long-term trends after the initial collapses. Burbot population density in Lake Superior has remained relatively low and stable since 1978. Recovery of the burbot populations occurred in Lakes Michigan and Huron during the 1980s and in Lake Erie during the 1990s. Control of sea lampreys was a requirement for recovery of burbot populations in these three lakes. Declines in alewife Alosa pseudoharengus abundance appeared to be a second requirement for burbot recovery in Lakes Michigan and Huron. Alewives have been implicated in the decline of certain Great Lakes fish stocks that have pelagic larvae (e.g., burbot) by consuming the pelagic fry and possibly by outcompeting the fry for food. Relatively high populations of adult lake trout Salvelinus namaycush compared to burbot served as a buffer against predation by sea lampreys in Lakes Huron and Erie, which facilitated recovery of the burbot populations there. Although sea lampreys have been controlled in Lake Ontario, alewives are probably still too abundant to permit burbot recovery. C1 [Stapanian, Martina A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov NR 78 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-98-8 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2008 VL 59 BP 111 EP 130 PG 20 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BHK48 UT WOS:000253841600007 ER PT S AU Hubert, WA Dufek, D Deromedi, J Johnson, K Roth, S Skates, D AF Hubert, Wayne A. Dufek, David Deromedi, Joseph Johnson, Kevin Roth, Scott Skates, David BE Paragamian, VL Bennett, DH TI Burbot in the wind river drainage of Wyoming: Knowledge of stocks and management issues SO BURBOT: ECOLOGY, MANAGEMENT AND CULTURE SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Burbo Symposium CY SEP 13, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK ID LOTA-LOTA; POPULATIONS AB Burbot Lota Iota are native to the Wind River watershed in Wyoming where they are utilized as a food source by Native Americans and support popular sport fisheries. Burbot are found primarily in three natural-lake systems, Boysen Reservoir on the Wind River, the main stem of the Wind River, and some off-channel man-made lentic systems developed as part of agricultural irrigation projects. Differences in densities, growth, and population structure appear to occur among burbot stocks across the watershed. Known sources of mortality include angling, particularly through the ice during winter, and entrainment of burbot into canal systems that deliver irrigation water to farmlands. It is suspected that the three natural-lake systems serve as sources of burbot recruitment to downstream portions of the watershed. There is a need to assess burbot stocks in lentic waters across the watershed, determine sources of recruitment and downstream movement patterns of juveniles and adults, and identify the effects of angler harvest and entrainment into irrigation canals on the population dynamics of stocks in natural lakes and reservoirs. C1 [Hubert, Wayne A.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-98-8 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2008 VL 59 BP 187 EP 199 PG 13 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BHK48 UT WOS:000253841600012 ER PT S AU Stapanian, MA Kakuda, Y AF Stapanian, Martin A. Kakuda, Yukio BE Paragamian, VL Bennett, DH TI Some effects of freezing techniques on burbot meat SO BURBOT: ECOLOGY, MANAGEMENT AND CULTURE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Burbo Symposium CY SEP 13, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK ID LOTA-LOTA; LAKE; FISHES; FOOD; POPULATION; FILLETS; GOBIES; AGE AB Burbot Lota Iota meat is nutritious and low in fat, and burbot liver oil is high in vitamins. However, burbot is not popular as a food fish in much of North America due to its appearance and because the meat has a relatively short shelf life. We present results from sensory panels on fried burbot meat that had been frozen and stored for 5 months with three methods: (1) dipping meat in liquid nitrogen, followed by storage at -80 degrees C; (2) direct storage at -80 degrees C; and (3) direct storage at -18 degrees C. Panelists scored fried samples for tenderness, juiciness, fishy flavor, and overall desirability. In addition, texture (peak force at maximum compression and work performed) and color (lightness and a- and b-hues) of uncooked, defrosted meat (anterior and posterior sections, with and without skin removed) were measured instrumentally. Fried samples that had been directly stored at -80 degrees C were scored by panelists as most tender, most juicy, and most desirable overall. Panelists also scored fried samples that had been directly stored at -80 degrees C as less fishy tasting than samples frozen at -18 degrees C. Freezing method, section of fillet, and presence/absence of skin had no effect on either texture variable or on any color variable measured. Posterior sections of burbot meat had higher levels of a-hue and b-hue than anterior sections. The relatively intermediate values of overall desirability combined with the results from other studies suggest that prepared products from frozen burbot meat may be better suited for commercial sale than frozen fillets. C1 [Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-98-8 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2008 VL 59 BP 257 EP 270 PG 14 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BHK48 UT WOS:000253841600018 ER PT J AU Ely, CR Pearce, JM Ruess, RW AF Ely, Craig R. Pearce, John M. Ruess, Roger W. TI Nesting Biology of Lesser Canada Geese, Branta canadensis parvipes, along the Tanana River, Alaska SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Lesser Canada Goose; Branta canadensis parvipes; clutch; eggs; nesting ecology Tanana River; Alaska ID HABITAT; WEIGHT AB Lesser Canada Geese (Branta canadensis parvipes) are widespread throughout interior regions of Alaska and Canada. yet there have been no published studies documenting basic aspects of their nesting biology. We conducted a study to determine reproductive parameters of Lesser Canada Geese nesting along the Tanana River near the city of Fairbanks. In interior Alaska Fieldwork was conducted in May of 2003. and consisted of locating nests along the riparian corridor between Fairbanks and Northpole. Alaska Nests were found on gravel islands and shore habitats along the Tanana River and were most commonly observed among driftwood logs associated with patches of alder (Alnus spp) and willow (Salix spp) Peak of nest imitation was 3-8 May. With a range from 27 April to 20 May, renesting was likely clutches ranged in size from 2 to 7 eggs and averaged 4 6 eggs. There was a negative correlation between clutch size and date of nest imitation. Egg size ((chi) over bar mass = 128 g) was similar to other medium-sized Canada Geese. A positive correlation between egg size and clutch size was likely related to female age Nineteen of 28 nests (68%) were active when visited, nests located on islands with nesting Mew Gulls (Larus canus) were more likely to be active than nests located elsewhere. Evidence at nest sites implicated Bald Eagles (Hahaeetus leucocephalus) and Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as nest predators C1 [Ely, Craig R.; Pearce, John M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ruess, Roger W.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Ely, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 122 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 512RW UT WOS:000271269000003 ER PT J AU Densmore, RV AF Densmore, Roseann V. TI Evidence for Higher Soil Temperature and Potassium Promoting Invasion of the Common Dandelion, Taraxacum officinale, in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Dandelion; Taraxacum officinale; invasive plants; Denali National Park; Alaska ID WEEDS AB Common Dandelion, Taraxacum officinale ssp officinale (dandelion) is expanding its range in Alaska and is of particular Concern in National Park Service units This study investigated the influence of estimated soil temperature, available potassium (K) available phosphorous (P). and total nitrogen (N) on dandelion cover and density on a site near the elevational limit of dandelion. The study site in Denali National Park had been disturbed by construction and was revegetated with native plants 12 years before the study. Seed input to the study site was abundant. In a multiple regression analysis, higher levels of estimated soil temperature and available K accounted for 79% and 73% of the variation in dandelion cover and density. respectively. Practical control methods include not fertilizing disturbed areas with K and countering continued expansion of dandelion by monitoring human use areas and undisturbed habitats where soil temperatures are likely to be relatively warm. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99502 USA. RP Densmore, RV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99502 USA. FU U.S National Park; U.S Geololgical Survey Alaska Science Center FX This study was funded by the U.S National Park Service and the U.S Geololgical Survey Alaska Science Center NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 122 IS 1 BP 67 EP 69 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 512RW UT WOS:000271269000011 ER PT J AU Jimenez, MD Asher, VJ Bergman, C Bangs, EE Woodruff, SP AF Jimenez, Michael D. Asher, Valpa J. Bergman, Carita Bangs, Edward E. Woodruff, Susannah P. TI Gray Wolves, Canis lupus, Killed by Cougars, Puma concolor, and a Grizzly Bear, Ursus arctos, in Montana, Alberta, and Wyoming SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Gray Wolf; Canis lupus; Cougar; Puma concolor; Grizzly Bear; Ursus arctos; predation; interspecific interactions; Montana; Alberta; Wyoming ID GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK; FELIS-CONCOLOR; BLACK BEARS; BROWN BEAR; AMERICANUS; WOLF AB Four cases where large predators caused Grey Wolf (Canis lupus) mortality are recorded. We describe two incidents of Cougars (Puma concolar) killing Wolves in Montana and one incident of a Cougar killing a Wolf in Alberta. We report the first recorded incident of a Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos) killing a Wolf in the western United States C1 [Jimenez, Michael D.; Woodruff, Susannah P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Asher, Valpa J.] Turner Endangered Species Fund, Gallaun, MT 59730 USA. [Bergman, Carita] Alberta Sustainable Resource Dev, Fish & Wildlife Div, Pincher Creek, AB T0K 1W0, Canada. [Bangs, Edward E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA. RP Jimenez, MD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 2645, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 22 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 122 IS 1 BP 76 EP 78 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 512RW UT WOS:000271269000014 ER PT J AU Stegall, VK Farley, SD Rea, LD Pitcher, KW Rye, RO Kester, CL Stricker, CA Bern, CR AF Stegall, Vicki K. Farley, Sean D. Rea, Lorrie D. Pitcher, Kenneth W. Rye, Robert O. Kester, Cynthia L. Stricker, Craig A. Bern, Carleton R. TI Discrimination of carbon and nitrogen isotopes from milk to serum and vibrissae in Alaska Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID DIET-TISSUE FRACTIONATION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; DELTA-N-15 MEASUREMENTS; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; POPULATION DECLINE; MARINE MAMMALS; PHOCA-VITULINA; DELTA-C-13; ANIMALS; RATIOS AB Knowledge of diet-tissue stable isotope discrimination is required to properly interpret stable isotope values and to identify possible diet shifts, such as might be expected from nursing through weaning. This study compared delta C-13 and delta N-15 of paired serum and vibrissal roots with those of ingested milk (n = 52) from free-ranging Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776)) pups (1-11 months) and juveniles (14-27 months) to estimate diet-tissue discrimination. Mean N-15 enrichment from ingested milk to serum was 2.1 parts per thousand +/- 0.6 parts per thousand and delta N-15 at the root of the vibrissae (representing current growth) were not significantly different from serum values. Milk was enriched for mean C-13 by 5.0 parts per thousand +/- 1.0 parts per thousand and 7.3 parts per thousand +/- 1.2 parts per thousand relative to serum and vibrissal roots, respectively, which was due to the presence of C-13-depleted lipids in milk. This was confirmed by lipid extraction from a subset of milk and serum samples, resulting in a 5.8 parts per thousand +/- 1.0 parts per thousand change only in milk. This study established that vibrissal roots and serum are reflective of a milk diet with approximately 2.0 parts per thousand N-15 enrichment, and vibrissal roots reflect serum and lipid-extracted milk values with approximately 2.0 parts per thousand C-13 enrichment. These discrimination factors are important to establish for stable isotope studies assessing diet shifts. C1 [Farley, Sean D.; Pitcher, Kenneth W.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Rye, Robert O.; Kester, Cynthia L.; Stricker, Craig A.; Bern, Carleton R.] US Geol Survey, Stable Isotope Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Stegall, Vicki K.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Stegall, VK (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, PO Box 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM vicki@ims.uaf.edu OI Bern, Carleton/0000-0002-8980-1781 NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1139/Z07-115 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 271TD UT WOS:000253810700003 ER PT J AU Helmer, EH Kennaway, TA Pedreros, DH Clark, ML Marcano-Vega, H Tieszen, LL Ruzycki, TR Schill, SR Carrington, CMS AF Helmer, Eileen H. Kennaway, Todd A. Pedreros, Diego H. Clark, Matthew L. Marcano-Vega, Humfredo Tieszen, Larry L. Ruzycki, Thomas R. Schill, S. R. Carrington, C. M. Sean TI Land cover and forest formation distributions for St. Kitts, Nevis, St. Eustatius, Grenada and Barbados from decision tree classification of cloud-cleared satellite imagery SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE vegetation map; land-use change; Landsat; Caribbean; forest conservation; machine learning; multidate ID THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; PUERTO-RICO; SUCCESSIONAL STAGE; REGRESSION TREES; UNITED-STATES; GAP ANALYSIS; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY AB Satellite image-based mapping of tropical forests is vital to conservation planning. Standard methods for automated image classification, however, limit classification detail in complex tropical landscapes. In this study, we test an approach to Landsat image interpretation on four islands of the Lesser Antilles, including Grenada and St. Kitts, Nevis and St. Eustatius, testing a more detailed classification than earlier work in the latter three islands. Secondly, we estimate the extents of land cover and protected forest by formation for five islands and ask how land cover has changed over the second half of the 20(th) century. The image interpretation approach combines image mosaics and ancillary geographic data, classifying the resulting set of raster data with decision tree software. Cloud-free image mosaics for one or two seasons were created by applying regression tree normalization to scene dates that could fill cloudy areas in a base scene. Such mosaics are also known as cloud-filled, cloud-minimized or cloud-cleared imagery, mosaics, or composites. The approach accurately distinguished several classes that more standard methods would confuse; the seamless mosaics aided reference data collection; and the multiseason imagery allowed us to separate drought deciduous forests and woodlands from semi-deciduous ones. Cultivated land areas declined 60 to 100 percent from about 1945 to 2000 on several islands. Meanwhile, forest cover has increased 50 to 950%. This trend will likely continue where sugar cane cultivation has dominated. Like the island of Puerto Rico, most higher-elevation forest formations are protected in formal or informal reserves. Also similarly, lowland forests, which are drier forest types on these islands, are not well represented in reserves. Former cultivated lands in lowland areas could provide lands for new reserves of drier forest types. The land-use history of these islands may provide insight for planners in countries currently considering lowland forest clearing for agriculture. C1 [Helmer, Eileen H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Kennaway, Todd A.; Ruzycki, Thomas R.] Colorado State Univ, Ctr Environm Management Mil Lands, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Pedreros, Diego H.; Tieszen, Larry L.] US Geol Survey, Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Clark, Matthew L.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Geog, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Marcano-Vega, Humfredo] Puerto Rico Conservat Fdn, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Schill, S. R.] Nature Conservancy, Mesoamer & Caribbean Sci Program, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Carrington, C. M. Sean] Univ W Indies, Dept Chem & Biol Sci, Cave Hill, Barbados. RP Helmer, EH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM ehelmer@fs.fed.us FU US AID-Caribbean Regional Programs Office; USAID FX We thank the US AID-Caribbean Regional Programs Office for funding this work. We also thank Justin Gray for critical volunteer IT and field support. Assistance was also provided by Floyd Liburd and Lemuel Pemberton (Nevis Department of Agriculture); Bernard Vanderpool (Brimstone Hill National Park); Ilis Palmer-Rannie (St. Kitts Department of Agriculture); Patrick Williams, Quincy Alexander and Graeme Browne (St. Kitts Physical Planning Division); Michael Mason, Anthony Jeremiah and Bonnie Rusk (Grenada Ministry of Agriculture); Tom Brandeis and Esther Rojas (Puerto Rico Conservation Foundation); Ray Czaplewski (USFS-RMRS); Alex Hoppus and Bonnie Ruefenacht (USFS-RSAC); Calvin Bagley (CSU-CEMML) and the NASA-GOFC program. Collin Homer, Christopher Barnes and Bruce Wylie (USGS-EROS) gave valuable manuscript input. This research was conducted in cooperation with the University of Puerto Rico and the USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS). USAID funded purchase of the IKONOS imagery for Barbados (Parks in Peril program). NR 34 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 10 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 175 EP 198 PG 24 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 343KU UT WOS:000258853300005 ER PT J AU Earsom, SD Lombard, C Schwagerl, J Oland, JP Miranda-Castro, L AF Earsom, Stephen D. Lombard, Claudia Schwagerl, Joseph Oland, James P. Miranda-Castro, Leopoldo TI Avifauna and human disturbance observations on Navassa Island SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ashy-faced owl; brown booby; disturbance; Haiti; magnificent frigatebird; Navassa; red-footed booby; white-necked crow AB Navassa Island and waters surrounding it were designated a National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in 1999, becoming the eighth unit of the Caribbean Islands NWR Complex. Five expeditions to the island between July 1998 and October 2006 yielded 18 new records of birds, bringing the species list to 58. Winter mist netting allowed for the banding of several new species. Five seabird species roost and nest on Navassa Island including hundreds and thousands of magnificent frigate birds, Fregata magnificeus, and red-footed boobies, Sula sula, respectively. Several grassland-associated bird species are now common, suggesting that this habitat has become more dominant during the last century. Habitat disturbance appears to primarily be the result of human caused fires. Future management efforts will focus on regulation of unauthorized hunting, fishing, and other public use, as well as control of non-native invasive species and restoration of subtropical dry forest. C1 [Earsom, Stephen D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Planning & Resource Management, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Lombard, Claudia] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sandy Point Natl Wildlife Refuge, Christiansted, VI 00820 USA. [Schwagerl, Joseph] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Boqueron, PR 00622 USA. [Oland, James P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Planning & Resource Management, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. [Miranda-Castro, Leopoldo] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Branch Habitat Restorat, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Earsom, SD (reprint author), Fed Highway Adm, Water & Ecosyst Team, 1200 New Jersey Ave SE, Washington, DC 20590 USA. EM steve.earsom@dot.gov; claudia_lombard@fws.gov; joseph_schwagerl@fws.gov; oland@fws.gov; rniranda@fws.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 246 EP 251 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 343KU UT WOS:000258853300013 ER PT J AU Yang, Z Dutta, U Xiong, F Biswas, N Benz, H AF Yang, Zhaohui Dutta, Utpal Xiong, Feng Biswas, Niren Benz, Harley TI Seasonal frost effects on the dynamic behavior of a twenty-story office building SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE recorded seismic data; building dynamic behavior; seasonal frost effects; finite element modeling AB Studies have shown that seasonal frost can significantly affect the seismic behavior of a bridge foundation system in cold regions. However, little information could be found regarding seasonal frost effects on the dynamic behavior of buildings. Based on the analysis of building vibration data recorded by a permanent strong-motion instrumentation system, the objective of this paper is to show that seasonal frost can impact the building dynamic behavior and the magnitude of impact may be different for different structures. Ambient noise and seismic data recorded on a twenty-story steel-frame building have been analyzed to examine the building dynamic characteristics in relationship to the seasonal frost and other variables including ground shaking intensity. Subsequently, Finite Element modeling of the foundation-soil system and the building superstructure was conducted to verify the seasonal frost effects. The Finite Element modeling was later extended to a reinforced-concrete (RC) type building assumed to exist at a similar site as the steel-frame building. Results show that the seasonal frost has great impact on the foundation stiffness in the horizontal direction and a clear influence on the building dynamic behavior. If other conditions remain the same, the effects of seasonal frost on structural dynamic behavior may be much more prominent for RC-type buildings than for steel-frame buildings. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Zhaohui] Univ Alaska, Sch Engn, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Dutta, Utpal] Univ Alaska, Environ & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Xiong, Feng] Sichuan Univ, Sch Architecture & Environm, Chengdu, Peoples R China. [Biswas, Niren] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Benz, Harley] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20242 USA. RP Yang, Z (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Sch Engn, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM afzy@uaa.alaska.edu NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 1 BP 76 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2007.05.001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 259CN UT WOS:000252916800007 ER PT J AU Li, JL Gray, BR Bates, DM AF Li, Jialiang Gray, Brian R. Bates, Douglas M. TI An Empirical Study of Statistical Properties of Variance Partition Coefficients for Multi-Level Logistic Regression Models SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-SIMULATION AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Empirical distribution; Laplacian approximation; Multi-level logistic models; Variance partition coefficients ID LINEAR MIXED MODELS; BINARY RESPONSES; APPROXIMATIONS AB Partitioning the variance of a response by design levels is challenging for binomial and other discrete outcomes. Goldstein (2003) proposed four definitions for variance partitioning coefficients (VPC) under a two-level logistic regression model. In this study, we explicitly derived formulae for multi-level logistic regression model and subsequently studied the distributional properties of the calculated VPCs. Using simulations and a vegetation dataset, we demonstrated associations between different VPC definitions, the importance of methods for estimating VPCs (by comparing VPC obtained using Laplace and penalized quasilikehood methods), and bivariate dependence between VPCs calculated at different levels. Such an empirical study lends an immediate support to wider applications of VPC in scientific data analysis. C1 [Li, Jialiang] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Stat & Appl Probabil, Singapore 117546, Singapore. [Gray, Brian R.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. [Bates, Douglas M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Li, JL (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Stat & Appl Probabil, 6 Sci Dr 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore. EM stalj@nus.edu.sg RI Li, Jialiang/B-9132-2014; OI Li, Jialiang/0000-0002-9704-4135; Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0361-0918 J9 COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C JI Commun. Stat.-Simul. Comput. PY 2008 VL 37 IS 10 BP 2010 EP 2026 DI 10.1080/03610910802361366 PG 17 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 362PB UT WOS:000260208500006 ER PT J AU French, JRP Muzzall, PM AF French, John R. P. Muzzall, Patrick M. TI First report of Schistocephalus sp (Cestoda : pseudophyllidea) in slimy sculpin, Cottus cognatus Richardson, 1836, from Lake Michigan, USA SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Schistocephalus; cestode; Cottus cognatus; slimy sculpin; Lake Michigan; Michigan; USA ID ARCTIC RIVER; PLEROCERCOIDS; FINLAND; GOBIO AB Plerocercoids of Schistocephalus sp. (Diphyllobothriidae) were found in the body cavities of 2 (0.9%) of 209 slimy sculpins, Cottus cognatus, collected in September 2003 from Lake Michigan, south of Manistique, Michigan, U.S.A. Mean intensity was 1. The mean lengths and weights of these 2 thawed, relaxed plerocercoids were 67 and 72 mm and 427 and 554 mg, respectively. The number of segments in each plerocercoid was 113, and both plerocercoids showed upturned edges of the first segment. The identification of these plerocercoids to species is discussed, and the occurrence of Schistocephalus sp. in fish from the Great Lakes is summarized. This is the first report of Schistocephalus in slimy sculpin from Lake Michigan and the second report of Schistocephalus infecting fish from this lake. C1 [French, John R. P.] Great Lakes Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Muzzall, Patrick M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP French, JRP (reprint author), Great Lakes Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 1415 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM frenchjrp@usgs.gov; muzzall@msu.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, ACCT# 141866, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 75 IS 1 BP 132 EP 134 DI 10.1654/4315.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 256IL UT WOS:000252721800019 ER PT J AU Travis, SE Baggs, JE Maschinski, J AF Travis, Steven E. Baggs, Joanne E. Maschinski, Joyce TI Disentangling the role of hybridization in the evolution of the endangered Arizona cliffrose (Purshia subintegra; Rosaceae): a molecular and morphological analysis SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE hybridization; AFLPs; discriminant function analysis; transition zone; Arizona ID PLANT GENETIC DIVERSITY; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; HYBRID ZONES; CONSERVATION; INTROGRESSION; POPULATIONS; EXTINCTION; BIODIVERSITY; MARKERS; RISK AB Hybridization may threaten the conservation status of rare species through genetic assimilation and may confound the ability to distinguish among taxa. We studied these issues in an endangered shrub, Purshia subintegra (Rosaceae), known from four populations growing oil limestone outcrops in central Arizona (USA). Using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and the Bayesian clustering algorithm implemented in STRUCTURE, we identified three distinct genetic lineages among Arizona Purshia subintegra and P. stansburiana. An initial split divided San Carlos Basin P. subintegra (considered P. pinkavae by Schaack) from northern P. stansburiana populations (F-ST = 0.394). A subsequent split separated northern P. stansburiana from two P. subintegra populations at Horseshoe Lake and Burro Creek (F-ST = 0.207), which comprised a nearly perfect admixture of the two lineages identified in the initial analysis. In the Verde River Valley P. subintegra is sympatric with P. stansburiana and exhibited an average 27% P. stansburiana genes for 5 of 6 stands analyzed, indicating ongoing hybridization and backcrossing with A subintegra. Individuals carrying >90% P. subintegra markers are identifiable 68% of the time based on morphology, with leaf lobing, leaf size, and leaf length acting as the most reliable indicators of taxonomic status. However, the genetic and morphological distance correlation among individuals was low (r = 0.17, P = 0.0002), indicating that morphology cannot always accurately predict genetic admixture or taxonomy. Overall, our study confirmed the genetic distinctiveness of the San Carlos Basin population, an ancient natural hybrid origin of A subintegra, and the presence of a hybrid swarm in the Verde Valley, whose conservation value may lie in its heightened genetic diversity. C1 [Travis, Steven E.] USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Baggs, Joanne E.; Maschinski, Joyce] Arboretum Flagstaff, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Travis, SE (reprint author), Univ New England, Dept Biol Sci, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. EM stravis@une.edu FU Arizona Department of Transportation; Center for Plant Conservation FX The authors thank J. Busco. D. Callihan. B. Cammack. K. Evans. J. Giguere, T. Martinez, S. Murray. B. Phillips, J. Possley, and P. West for technical support and field assistance. The USDA Forest Service and B. Denham created distribution maps of Purshia subintegra and P. stansburiana and their putative hybrids in the Verde Valley prior to our studies and kindly offered them for our use. This study was funded by the Arizona Department of Transportation to The Arboretum at Flagstaff through the efforts of B. Palmer, G. Ruffner, and D. Bowling and was supported by the Center for Plant Conservation and F. B. McAllister. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2008 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1183 EP 1194 DI 10.1007/s10592-007-9434-8 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 348FC UT WOS:000259195400009 ER PT S AU Wright, TL Klein, FW AF Wright, Thomas L. Klein, F. W. BE Annen, C Zellmer, GF TI Dynamics of magma supply to Kilauea volcano, Hawai'i: integrating seismic, geodetic and eruption data SO DYNAMICS OF CRUSTAL MAGMA TRANSFER, STORAGE AND DIFFERENTIATION SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RAPID DEFORMATION; SOUTH FLANK; RIFT ZONES; EARTHQUAKE; STORAGE; SYSTEM; SUMMIT; TREMOR AB We focus on movement of magma beneath Kilauea from the long summit eruption in 1967-1968 through the first historical sustained eruption on the east rift zone (Mauna Ulu 1969-1974), ending with the occurrence of a magnitude 7.2 earthquake beneath Kilauea's eastern south flank. Magma from the Hawai'iian hot spot continuously moves upward to Summit storage and drives seaward spreading of Kilauea's south flank on a 10-12 km deep decollement. Spreading creates dilation in Kilauea's rift zones and provides room to store magma at depths extending to the decollement surface. During the period of study three types of eruptions - normal (short-lived), episodic and sustained - and three types of intrusions - traditional (summit to rift), inflationary and slow - are classified. Rates of sustained eruption are governed by the geometry of the magmatic plumbing. Swarms of earthquakes beneath the south flank signal increased pressure from magma entering Kilauea's adjacent rift zone. Magma supply rates are obtained by combining the volume of magma transferred to sites of eruption or intrusion with the volume opened by seaward spreading over the same increment of time. In our interpretation the varying character of eruptions and intrusions requires a gradual increase in magma supply rate throughout the period augmented by incremental increases in spreading rate. The three types of eruptions result from different combinations of magma supply and spreading rate. C1 [Wright, Thomas L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Klein, F. W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wright, TL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM twright@usgs.gov; klein@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-258-8 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2008 VL 304 BP 83 EP 116 DI 10.1144/SP304.5 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BJV14 UT WOS:000267233900005 ER PT J AU Calef, MP McGuire, AD Chapin, FS AF Calef, M. P. McGuire, A. D. Chapin, F. S., III TI Human influences on wildfire in Alaska from 1988 through 2005: An analysis of the spatial patterns of human impacts SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE fire; boreal forest; prediction model ID BOREAL FOREST; INTERIOR ALASKA; FIRE SUPPRESSION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BLACK SPRUCE; WHITE SPRUCE; CARBON BALANCE; NORTH-AMERICA; ECOSYSTEMS; REGIME AB Boreal ecosystems in Alaska are responding to climate change in many ways, including changes in the fire regime. While large-scale wildfires are an essential part of the boreal forest ecosystem, humans are changing fire regimes through ignition and suppression. The authors analyzed the impact humans have on fire ignitions and relative area burned with distance into rivers in Alaska from 1988 to 2005. Additionally, a fire prediction model was created to identify drivers for lightning fires in the boreal forest. Human presence increases the number of ignitions near settlements, roads, and rivers and appears to reduce the area burned within 30 - 40 km of villages and rivers. In contrast to fires near roads and rivers, human presence may somewhat increase the area burned within 30 - 40 km of highways. The fire prediction model indicated that the probability of fire increases as distance from human settlements increases. In contrast, the model indicated that the probability of fire decreases as distance from roads increases and that the probability of fire in relation to distance from rivers depends on the year of analysis. While the ecological consequences of these human impacts are still unclear, this research shows that human influences on fire regime clearly affect the pattern of fire within 40 km of settlements, which is an area that represents 31% of interior Alaska. Future research should focus on more completely understanding the role of human presence in the suppression of wildfires in interior Alaska. C1 [Calef, M. P.] SUNY Albany, Dept Geog & Planning, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska, USGS Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Chapin, F. S., III] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Calef, MP (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Geog & Planning, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM mcalef@albany.edu OI Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 NR 56 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2008 VL 12 AR 1 DI 10.1175/2007EI220.1 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 275HW UT WOS:000254063500001 ER PT J AU McGuire, AD Walsh, JE Kimball, JS Clein, JS Euskirchen, SE Drobot, S Herzfeld, UC Maslanik, J Lammers, RB Rawlins, MA Vorosmarty, CJ Rupp, TS Wu, W Calef, M AF McGuire, A. D. Walsh, J. E. Kimball, J. S. Clein, J. S. Euskirchen, S. E. Drobot, S. Herzfeld, U. C. Maslanik, J. Lammers, R. B. Rawlins, M. A. Vorosmarty, C. J. Rupp, T. S. Wu, W. Calef, M. TI The western Arctic Linkage Experiment (WALE): Overview and synthesis SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Arctic; boreal; carbon; climate; ecosystem models; hydrology; WALE; Western Arctic Linkage Experiment ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; LAND; REANALYSIS; SYSTEM; VEGETATION; MODEL AB The primary goal of the Western Arctic Linkage Experiment ( WALE) was to better understand uncertainties of simulated hydrologic and ecosystem dynamics of the western Arctic in the context of 1) uncertainties in the data available to drive the models and 2) different approaches to simulating regional hydrology and ecosystem dynamics. Analyses of datasets on climate available for driving hydrologic and ecosystem models within the western Arctic during the late twentieth century indicate that there are substantial differences among the mean states of datasets for temperature, precipitation, vapor pressure, and radiation variables. Among the studies that examined temporal trends among the alternative climate datasets, there is not much consensus on trends among the datasets. In contrast, monthly and interannual variations of some variables showed some correlation across the datasets. The application of hydrology models driven by alternative climate drivers revealed that the simulation of regional hydrology was sensitive to precipitation and water vapor differences among the driving datasets and that accurate simulation of regional water balance is limited by biases in the forcing data. Satellitebased analyses for the region indicate that vegetation productivity of the region increased during the last two decades of the twentieth century because of earlier spring thaw, and the temporal variability of vegetation productivity simulated by different models from 1980 to 2000 was generally consistent with estimates based on the satellite record for applications driven with alternative climate datasets. However, the magnitude of the fluxes differed by as much as a factor of 2.5 among applications driven with different climate data, and spatial patterns of temporal trends in carbon dynamics were quite different among simulations. Finally, the study identified that the simulation of fire by ecosystem models is particularly sensitive to alternative climate datasets, with little or no fire simulated for some datasets. The results of WALE identify the importance of conducting retrospective analyses prior to coupling hydrology and ecosystem models with climate system models. For applications of hydrology and ecosystem models driven by projections of future climate, the authors recommend a coupling strategy in which future changes from climate model simulations are superimposed on the present mean climate of the most reliable datasets of historical climate. C1 [Kimball, J. S.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Div Biol Sci, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Drobot, S.; Herzfeld, U. C.; Maslanik, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lammers, R. B.; Rawlins, M. A.; Vorosmarty, C. J.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Water Syst Anal Grp, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Wu, W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Calef, M.] SUNY Albany, Dept Geog & Planning, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [McGuire, A. D.; Walsh, J. E.; Clein, J. S.; Euskirchen, S. E.; Rupp, T. S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Int Arctic Res Ctr,Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP McGuire, AD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Int Arctic Res Ctr,Dept Forest Sci, 214 Irving 1 Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffadm@uaf.edu NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2008 VL 12 AR 7 DI 10.1175/2008EI239.1 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 320PD UT WOS:000257246400002 ER PT S AU Chander, G Haque, MO Micijevic, E Barsi, JA AF Chander, Gyanesh Haque, Md. Obaidul Micijevic, Esad Barsi, Julia A. BE Butler, JJ TI L5 TM Radiometric Recalibration Procedure Using the Internal Calibration Trends from the NLAPS Trending Database SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XIII CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA DE Landsat; L5 TM; L7 ETM+; IC; LUT; USGS; NLAPS; gain; bias; calibration; recalibration AB From the Landsat program's inception in 1972 to the present, the earth science user community has benefited from a historical record of remotely sensed data. The multispectral data from the Landsat 5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor provide the backbone for this extensive archive. Historically, the radiometric calibration procedure for this imagery used the instrument's response to the Internal Calibrator (IC) on a scene-by-scene basis to determine the gain and offset for each detector. The IC system degraded with time causing radiometric calibration errors up to 20 percent. In May 2003 the National Landsat Archive Production System (NLAPS) was updated to use a gain model rather than the scene acquisition specific IC gains to calibrate TM data processed in the United States. Further modification of the gain model was performed in 2007. L5 TM data that were processed using IC prior to the calibration update do not benefit from the recent calibration revisions. A procedure has been developed to give users the ability to recalibrate their existing Level-1 products. The best recalibration results are obtained if the work order report that was originally included in the standard data product delivery is available. However, many users may not have the original work order report. In such cases, the IC gain look-up table that was generated using the radiometric gain trends recorded in the NLAPS database can be used for recalibration. This paper discusses the procedure to recalibrate L5 TM data when the work order report originally used in processing is not available. A companion paper discusses the generation of the NLAPS IC gain and bias look-up tables required to perform the recalibration. C1 [Chander, Gyanesh; Haque, Md. Obaidul] US Geol Survey, EROS, SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS, SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7301-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7081 AR 708114 DI 10.1117/12.795652 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIQ51 UT WOS:000262056800032 ER PT S AU Stone, TC AF Stone, Thomas C. BE Butler, JJ TI Radiometric Calibration Stability and Inter-calibration of Solar-band Instruments in Orbit Using the Moon SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XIII CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA DE On-orbit calibration; Calibration stability; Cross-calibration; Moon; Irradiance ID LUNAR; TIME AB With the increased emphasis on monitoring the Earth's climate from space, more stringent calibration requirements are being placed on the data products from remote sensing satellite instruments. Among these are stability over decade-length time scales and consistency across sensors and platforms. For radiometer instruments in the solar reflectance wavelength range (visible to shortwave infrared), maintaining calibration on orbit is difficult due to the lack of absolute radiometric standards suitable for flight use. The Moon presents a luminous source that can be viewed by all instruments in Earth orbit. Considered as a solar diffuser, the lunar surface is exceedingly stable. The chief difficult with using the Moon is the strong variations in the Moon's brightness with illumination and viewing geometry. This mandates the use of a photometric model to compare lunar observations, either over time by the same instrument or between instruments. The U.S. Geological Survey in Flagstaff, Arizona, under NASA sponsorship, has developed a model for the lunar spectral irradiance that explicitly accounts for the effects of phase, the lunar librations, and the lunar surface reflectance properties. The model predicts in the Moon's brightness with precision similar to 1% over a continuous phase range from eclipse to the quarter lunar phases. Given a time series of Moon observations taken by, an instrument, the geometric prediction capability of the lunar irradiance model enables sensor calibration stability with sub-percent per year precision. Cross-calibration of instruments with similar passbands can be achieved with precision comparable to the model precision. Although the Moon observations used for intercomparison can be widely separated in phase angle and/or time, SeaWiFS and MODIS have acquired lunar views closely spaced in time. These data provide an example to assess inter-calibration biases between these two instruments. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Stone, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM tstone@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7301-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7081 AR 70810X DI 10.1117/12.795227 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIQ51 UT WOS:000262056800027 ER PT J AU Lee, CW Lu, Z Kwoun, OI Won, JS AF Lee, Chang-Wook Lu, Zhong Kwoun, Oh-Ig Won, Joong-Sun TI Deformation of the Augustine Volcano, Alaska, 1992-2005, measured by ERS and ENVISAT SAR interferometry SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE surface deformation; atmospheric effects; interferograms; pyroclastic flow deposits; subsidence ID APERTURE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SURFACE DEFORMATION; LAVA FLOWS; INSAR; ALGORITHM AB The Augustine Volcano is a conical-shaped, active stratovolcano located on an island of the same name in Cook Inlet, about 290 km southwest of Anchorage, Alaska. Augustine has experienced seven significant explosive eruptions-in 1812, 1883, 1908, 1935, 1963, 1976, 1986, and in January 2006. To measure the ground surface deformation of the Augustine Volcano before the 2006 eruption, we applied satellite radar interferometry using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images from three descending and three ascending satellite tracks acquired by European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS) 1 and 2 and the Environment Satellite (ENVISAT). Multiple interferograms were stacked to reduce artifacts caused by atmospheric conditions, and we used a singular value decomposition method to retrieve the temporal deformation history from several points on the island. Interferograms during 1992 and 2005 show a subsidence of about 1-3 cm/year, caused by the contraction of pyroclastic flow deposits from the 1986 eruption. Subsidence has decreased exponentially with time. Multiple interferograms between 1992 and 2005 show no significant inflation around the volcano before the 2006 eruption. The lack of a pre-eruption deformation signal suggests that the deformation signal from 1992 to August 2005 must have been very small and may have been obscured by atmospheric delay artifacts. C1 [Lee, Chang-Wook; Won, Joong-Sun] Yonsei Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Lee, Chang-Wook; Kwoun, Oh-Ig] US Geol Survey, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Lee, CW (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, 134 Sinchon Dong, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM lu@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2008 VL 60 IS 5 BP 447 EP 452 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 309MW UT WOS:000256465900002 ER PT J AU Bynum, GL AF Bynum, Gretchen Luepke TI THE REMARKABLE LIFE OF WILLIAM BEEBE: EXPLORER AND NATURALIST SO EARTH SCIENCES HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Bynum, Gretchen Luepke] US Geol Survey, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. EM gluepke@aol.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU HISTORY EARTH SCIENCES SOC PI SHREWSBURY PA C/O DAVID I. SPANAGEL, SECRETARY 101 GROVE STREET, SHREWSBURY, MA 01545 USA SN 0736-623X J9 EARTH SCI HIST JI Earth Sci. Hist. PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 303 EP 304 PG 2 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Geology; History & Philosophy of Science GA 461IO UT WOS:000267258800012 ER PT J AU Schulz, WH Lidke, DJ Godt, JW AF Schulz, William H. Lidke, David J. Godt, Jonathan W. TI Modeling the spatial distribution of landslide-prone colluvium and shallow groundwater on hillslopes of Seattle, WA SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE colluvium; landslide; coastal bluff; landscape development; groundwater ID COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; HISTORICAL RECORDS; SOIL DEPTH; WASHINGTON; TRANSPORT; EROSION AB Landslides in partially saturated colluvium on Seattle, WA, hillslopes have resulted in property damage and human casualties. We developed statistical models of colluvium and shallow-groundwater distributions to aid landslide hazard assessments. The models were developed using a geographic information system, digital geologic maps, digital topography, subsurface exploration results, the groundwater flow modeling software VS2DI and regression analyses. Input to the colluvium model includes slope, distance to a hillslope-crest escarpment, and escarpment slope and height. We developed different statistical relations for thickness of colluvium on four landforms. Groundwater model input includes colluvium basal slope and distance from the Fraser aquifer. This distance was used to estimate hydraulic conductivity based on the assumption that addition of finer-grained material from down-section would result in lower conductivity. Colluvial groundwater is perched so we estimated its saturated thickness. We used VS2DI to establish relations between saturated thickness and the hydraulic conductivity and basal slope of the colluvium. We developed different statistical relations for three groundwater flow regimes. All model results were validated using observational data that were excluded from calibration. Eighty percent of colluvium thickness predictions were within 25% of observed values and 88% of saturated thickness predictions were within 20% of observed values. The models are based on conditions common to many areas, so our method can provide accurate results for similar regions; relations in our statistical models require calibration for new regions. Our results suggest that Seattle landslides occur in native deposits and colluvium, ultimately in response to surface-water erosion of hillslope toes. Regional groundwater conditions do not appear to strongly affect the general distribution of Seattle landslides; historical landslides were equally dispersed within and outside of the area potentially affected by regional groundwater conditions. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Schulz, William H.; Lidke, David J.; Godt, Jonathan W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Schulz, WH (reprint author), Box 25046,MS-966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM wschuiz@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 123 EP 141 DI 10.1002/esp.1535 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 258ZZ UT WOS:000252910200009 ER PT J AU Jones, KB Edmonds, CE Slonecker, ET Wickham, JD Neale, AC Wade, TG Riitters, KH Kepnera, WG AF Jones, K. Bruce Edmonds, Curtis E. Slonecker, E. Terrance Wickham, James D. Neale, Anne C. Wade, Timothy G. Riitters, Kurt H. Kepnera, William G. TI Detecting changes in riparian habitat conditions based on patterns of greenness change: A case study from the upper San Pedro River Basin, USA SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE greenness change; NDVI; riparian ecosystems ID DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; ARID RANGELANDS; ANCILLARY DATA; UNITED-STATES; LANDSAT MSS; ECOSYSTEMS; ARIZONA; FORESTS; COVER AB Healthy riparian ecosystems in and and semi-arid regions exhibit shifting patterns of vegetation in response to periodic flooding. Their conditions also depend upon the amount of grazing and other human uses. Taking advantage of these system properties, we developed and tested an approach that utilizes historical Landsat data to track changes in the patterns of greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) within riparian zones. We tested the approach in the Upper San Pedro River of southeastern Arizona of the US, an unimpounded river system that flows north into the US from northern Mexico. We evaluated changes in the pattern of greenness in the San Pedro River National Conservation Area (SPRNCA), an area protected from grazing and development since 1988, and in a relatively unprotected area north of the SPRNCA (NA). The SPRNCA exhibited greater positive changes in greenness than did the NA. The SPRNCA also exhibited larger, more continuous patches of positive change than did the NA. These pattern differences may reflect greater pressures from grazing and urban sprawl in the NA than in the SPRNCA, as well as differences in floodplain width, depth to ground water, and base geology. The SPRNCA has greater amounts of ground and surface water available to support a riparian gallery forest than does the NA, and this may have influenced changes during the study period. Estimates of the direction of greenness change (positive or negative) from satellite imagery were similar to estimates derived from aerial photography, except in areas where changes were from one type of shrub community to another, and in areas with agriculture. Change estimates in these areas may be more difficult because of relatively low greenness values, and because of differences in soil moisture, sun-angle, and crop rotations among the dates of data collection. The potential for applying a satellite-based, greenness change approach to evaluate riparian ecosystem condition over broad geographic areas is also discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. US EPA, Reston, VA USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US Forest Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Jones, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM kbjones@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 89 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2007.01.001 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 230XP UT WOS:000250910000009 ER PT J AU Buckley, LB Rodda, GH Jetz, W AF Buckley, Lauren B. Rodda, Gordon H. Jetz, Walter TI Thermal and energetic constraints on ectotherm abundance: A global test using lizards SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ectotherms; energetic constraints; energetic equivalence rule; environmental temperature; lizards; metabolic theory; population density ID POPULATION-DENSITY; BODY-SIZE; SPECIES-RICHNESS; COMMON RULE; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; SCALE; ECOLOGY; DETERMINANTS; BIODIVERSITY AB Population densities of birds and mammals have been shown to decrease with body mass at approximately the same rate as metabolic rates increase, indicating that energetic needs constrain endotherm population densities. In ectotherms, the exponential increase of metabolic rate with body temperature suggests that environmental temperature may additionally constrain population densities. Here we test simple bioenergetic models for an ecologically important group of ectothermic vertebrates by examining 483 lizard populations. We find that lizard population densities decrease as a power law of body mass with a slope approximately inverse to the slope of the relationship between metabolic rates and body mass. Energy availability should limit population densities. As predicted, environmental productivity has a positive effect on lizard density, strengthening the relationship between lizard density and body mass. In contrast, the effect of environmental temperature is at most weak due to behavioral thermoregulation, thermal evolution, or the temperature dependence of ectotherm performance. Our results provide initial insights into how energy needs and availability differentially constrain ectotherm and endotherm density across broad spatial scales. C1 [Buckley, Lauren B.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Buckley, Lauren B.; Jetz, Walter] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Rodda, Gordon H.] USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Buckley, LB (reprint author), Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. EM lbuckley@santafe.edu OI Buckley, Lauren/0000-0003-1315-3818 NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 24 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2008 VL 89 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1890/07-0845.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270JN UT WOS:000253717200007 PM 18376546 ER PT J AU Lindenmayer, D Hobbs, RJ Montague-Drake, R Alexandra, J Bennett, A Burgman, M Cale, P Calhoun, A Cramer, V Cullen, P Driscoll, D Fahrig, L Fischer, J Franklin, J Haila, Y Hunter, M Gibbons, P Lake, S Luck, G MacGregor, C McIntyre, S Mac Nally, R Manning, A Miller, J Mooney, H Noss, R Possingham, HP Saunders, D Schmiegelow, F Scott, M Simberloff, D Sisk, T Tabor, G Walker, B Wiens, J Woinarski, J Zavaleta, E AF Lindenmayer, David Hobbs, Richard J. Montague-Drake, Rebecca Alexandra, Jason Bennett, Andrew Burgman, Mark Cale, Peter Calhoun, Aram Cramer, Viki Cullen, Peter Driscoll, Don Fahrig, Lenore Fischer, Joern Franklin, Jerry Haila, Yrjo Hunter, Malcolm Gibbons, Philip Lake, Sam Luck, Gary MacGregor, Chris McIntyre, Sue Mac Nally, Ralph Manning, Adrian Miller, James Mooney, Hal Noss, Reed Possingham, Hugh P. Saunders, Denis Schmiegelow, Fiona Scott, Michael Simberloff, Dan Sisk, Tom Tabor, Gary Walker, Brian Wiens, John Woinarski, John Zavaleta, Erika TI A checklist for ecological management of landscapes for conservation SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE connectivity; ecosystem processes; land use change; landscape conservation; landscape models; resilience; thresholds ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; FOREST MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RAIN-FOREST; BIODIVERSITY; THRESHOLDS; VEGETATION; MODELS; BIRDS; CONNECTIVITY AB The management of landscapes for biological conservation and ecologically sustainable natural resource use are crucial global issues. Research for over two decades has resulted in a large literature, yet there is little consensus on the applicability or even the existence of general principles or broad considerations that could guide landscape conservation. We assess six major themes in the ecology and conservation of landscapes. We identify 13 important issues that need to be considered in developing approaches to landscape conservation. They include recognizing the importance of landscape mosaics (including the integration of terrestrial and aquatic areas), recognizing interactions between vegetation cover and vegetation configuration, using an appropriate landscape conceptual model, maintaining the capacity to recover from disturbance and managing landscapes in an adaptive framework. These considerations are influenced by landscape context, species assemblages and management goals and do not translate directly into on-the-ground management guidelines but they should be recognized by researchers and resource managers when developing guidelines for specific cases. Two crucial overarching issues are: (i) a clearly articulated vision for landscape conservation and (ii) quantifiable objectives that offer unambiguous signposts for measuring progress. C1 [Lindenmayer, David; Montague-Drake, Rebecca; Driscoll, Don; Fischer, Joern; Gibbons, Philip; MacGregor, Chris; Manning, Adrian] Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Hobbs, Richard J.; Cramer, Viki] Murdoch Univ, Sch Environm Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Alexandra, Jason] Land & Water Australia, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Bennett, Andrew] Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. [Burgman, Mark] Univ Melbourne, Dept Bot, Parkville, Vic 3050, Australia. [Cale, Peter] Dept Environm & Heritage, S Austrlia 5343, Australia. [Calhoun, Aram; Hunter, Malcolm] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Fahrig, Lenore] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Franklin, Jerry] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Haila, Yrjo] Tampere Univ, Dept Reg Studies, Tampere 33014, Finland. [Lake, Sam] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Luck, Gary] Charles Sturt Univ, Inst Land Water & Soc, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia. [McIntyre, Sue] CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Mac Nally, Ralph; Walker, Brian] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Australian Ctr Biodivers Anal Policy & Management, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Miller, James] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Mooney, Hal] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Noss, Reed] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Possingham, Hugh P.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Ecol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Schmiegelow, Fiona] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Scott, Michael] Univ Idaho, USGS Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Simberloff, Dan] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Sisk, Tom] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Tabor, Gary] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bozeman, MT USA. [Woinarski, John] Dept Nat Resources Environm & Arts, Palmerston, NT, Australia. [Zavaleta, Erika] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Lindenmayer, D (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RI Fischer, Joern/C-6625-2012; Mac Nally, Ralph/A-5262-2008; Hobbs, Richard/F-5883-2010; Possingham, Hugh/B-1337-2008; Walker, Brian/F-2386-2011; Gibbons, Philip/I-8248-2012; McIntyre, Sue/F-1885-2010; Woinarski, John/N-2262-2013; McLean, Laurence /C-7367-2014; OI Fischer, Joern/0000-0003-3187-8978; Luck, Gary/0000-0002-7266-5568; Schmiegelow, Fiona/0000-0002-8219-8684; Manning, Adrian/0000-0003-0989-9203; Hobbs, Richard/0000-0003-4047-3147; Possingham, Hugh/0000-0001-7755-996X; Wiens, John/0000-0003-4243-1127 NR 81 TC 272 Z9 285 U1 36 U2 340 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 11 IS 1 BP 78 EP 91 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01114.x PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 241AO UT WOS:000251629500008 PM 17927771 ER PT J AU Taylor, CD Premo, WR Meier, AL Taggart, JE AF Taylor, Cliff D. Premo, Wayne R. Meier, Alan L. Taggart, Joseph E., Jr. TI The metallogeny of late triassic rifting of the Alexander terrane in southeastern Alaska and northwestern British Columbia SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the Geological-Association-of-Canada/Mineralogical-Association-of-Canada/Soc iety-of-Economic-Geologists CY MAY, 2003 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Geolog Assoc Canada, Mineral Assoc Canada, Soc Econom Geologists ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; CHILKAT PENINSULA; TAKU TERRANE; MESOZOIC ROCKS; NEW-ZEALAND; LAU BASIN; WRANGELLIA; EVOLUTION; BASALTS; GEOLOGY AB A belt of unusual volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) occurrences is located along the eastern margin of the Alexander terrane throughout southeastern Alaska and northwestern British Columbia and exhibits a range of characteristics consistent with a variety of syngenetic to epigenetic deposit types. Deposits within this belt include Greens Creek and Windy Craggy, the economically most significant VMS deposit in Alaska and the largest in North America, respectively. The occurrences are hosted by a discontinuously exposed, 800-km-long belt of rocks that consist of a 200- to 800-m-thick sequence of conglomerate, limestone, marine elastic sedimentary rocks, and tuff intercalated with and overlain by a distinctive unit of mafic pyroclastic rocks and pillowed flows. Faunal data bracket the age of the host rocks between Anisian (Middle Triassic) and late Norian (late Late Triassic). This metallogenic belt is herein referred to as the Alexander Triassic metallogenic belt. The VMS occurrences show systematic differences in degree of structural control, chemistry, and stratigraphic setting along the Alexander Triassic metallogenic belt that suggest important spatial or temporal changes in the tectonic environment of formation. At the southern end of the belt, felsic volcanic rocks overlain by shallow-water limestones characterize the lower part of the sequence. In the southern and middle portion of the belt, a distinctive pebble conglomerate marks the base of the section and is indicative of high-energy deposition in a near slope or- basin margin setting. At the northern end of the belt the conglomerates, limestones, and felsic volcanic rocks are absent and the belt is composed of deep-water sedimentary and mafic volcanic rocks. This northward change in depositional environment and lithofacies is accompanied by a northward transition from epithermal-like structurally controlled, discontinuous, vein- and pod-shaped, Pb-Zn-Ag-Ba-(Cu) occurrences with relatively simple mineralogy, to sulfosalt-enriched VMS occurrences exhibiting characteristics of vein, diagenetic replacement, and exhalative styles of mineralization, and finally to Cu-Zn-(Co-Au) occurrences with larger and more clearly stratiform orebody morphologies. Occurrences in the middle of the belt are transitional in nature between structurally controlled types of mineralization that formed in a shallow-water, near-arc setting, to those having a more stratiform appearance, formed in a deeper water, rift-basin setting. The geologic setting in the south is consistent with shallow subaqueous emplacement on the flanks of the Alexander terrane. Northward, the setting changes to an increasingly deeper back- or- intra-arc rift basin. Igneous activity in the Alexander Triassic metallogenic belt is characterized by a bimodal suite of volcanic rocks and a previously unrecognized association with mafic-ultramafic hypabyssal intrusions. Immobile trace and rare earth element (REE) geochemical data indicate that felsic rocks in the southern portion of the belt are typical calc-alkaline rhyolites, which give way in the middle of the belt to peralkaline rhyolites. Rhyolites are largely absent in the northern part of the belt. Throughout the belt, the capping basaltic rocks have transitional geochemical signatures. Radiogenic isotope data for these rocks are also transitional (basalts and gabbros: epsilon(Nd) = 4-9 and Sr-87/Sr-86 initial at 215 Ma = 0.70377-0.7074). Together these data are interpreted to reflect variable assimilation of mature island-arc crust by more primitive melts having the characteristics of either mid-ocean ridge (MORB) or intraplate (within-plate) basalts (WPB). The ore and host-rock geochemistry and the sulfosalt-rich mineralogy of the deposits are strikingly similar to recent descriptions of active sea-floor hydrothermal (white smoker) systems in back arcs of the southwest Pacific Ocean. These data, in concert with existing faunal ages, record the formation of a belt of VMS deposits and occurrences in a propagating intra- to back-arc rift tectonic setting during the Late Triassic. A modern analogue having similar tectonic and metallogenic features is the southward projection of the Lau basin, from the active sea-floor hydrothermal vents of the Valu Fa Ridge to the Taupo volcanic zone of the North Island, New Zealand. C1 [Taylor, Cliff D.; Premo, Wayne R.; Meier, Alan L.; Taggart, Joseph E., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Cent Mineral Resources Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Taylor, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cent Mineral Resources Program, Box 25046 Fed Ctr,Mail Stop 973, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM ctaylor@usgs.gov RI Taylor, Cliff/A-2833-2012; OI Taylor, Cliff/0000-0001-6376-6298 NR 110 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 103 IS 1 BP 89 EP 115 DI 10.2113/gsecongeo.103.1.89 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 289TO UT WOS:000255077000005 ER PT J AU Rhoades, C Binkley, D Oskarsson, H Stottlemyer, R AF Rhoades, Charles Binkley, Dan Oskarsson, Hlynur Stottlemyer, Robert TI Soil nitrogen accretion along a floodplain terrace chronosequence in northwest Alaska: Influence of the nitrogen-fixing shrub Shepherdia canadensis SO ECOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE floodplain forest; natural abundance N isotopes; primary succession; riparian biogeochemistry; sedimentation; terrestrial N cycling ID TANANA RIVER FLOODPLAIN; GLACIER BAY; INTERIOR ALASKA; PRIMARY SUCCESSION; ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; FIXATION; ACCUMULATION; VEGETATION; USA; PRODUCTIVITY AB Nitrogen enters terrestrial ecosystems through multiple pathways during primary succession. We measured accumulation of total soil nitrogen and changes in inorganic nitrogen (N) pools across a 300-y sequence of river terraces in northwest Alaska and assessed the contribution of the nitrogen-fixing shrub Shepherdia canadensis. Our work compared 5 stages of floodplain succession, progressing from a sparsely vegetated silt cap to dense shrubby vegetation, balsam poplar-dominated (Populus balsamifera) and white spruce-dominated (Picea glauca) mixed forests, and old-growth white spruce forest. Total soil N (0-30 cm depth) increased throughout the age sequence, initially by 2.4 g N.m(-2).y(-1) during the first 120 y of terrace development, then by 1.6 g N.m(-2).y(-1) during the subsequent 2 centuries. Labile soil N, measured by anaerobic incubation, increased most rapidly during the first 85 y of terrace formation, then remained relatively constant during further terrace development. On recently formed terraces, Shepherdia shrubs enriched soil N pools several-fold compared to soil beneath Salix spp. shrubs or intercanopy sites. Total and labile soil N accretion was proportional to Shepherdia cover during the first century of terrace development, and mineral soil delta(15)N content indicated that newly formed river terraces receive substantial N through N-fixation. About half the 600 g total N.m(-2) accumulated across the river terrace chronosequence occurred during the 120 y when S. canadensis was dominant. Sediment deposited by periodic flooding continued to add N to terrace soils after the decline in Shepherdia abundance and may have contributed 25% of the total N found in the floodplain terrace soils. C1 [Rhoades, Charles] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Binkley, Dan] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Forest Restorat Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Binkley, Dan] Colorado State Univ, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Inst Agr Res, IS-112 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Stottlemyer, Robert] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Rhoades, C (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM crhoades@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 18 PU UNIVERSITE LAVAL PI ST FOY PA PAVILLON CHARLES-EUGENE MARCHAND, LOCAL 0166, ST FOY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA SN 1195-6860 J9 ECOSCIENCE JI Ecoscience PY 2008 VL 15 IS 2 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.2980/15-2-3027 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 322ZD UT WOS:000257412900009 ER PT J AU Middleton, B Wu, XB AF Middleton, Beth Wu, X. Ben TI Landscape pattern of seed banks and anthropogenic impacts in forested wetlands of the northern Mississippi River Alluvial Valley SO ECOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE farming; flood pulse; seed dispersal; spatial ecology; Taxodium distichum ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; DISPERSAL; RESTORATION; CONSERVATION; REGENERATION; POPULATIONS; HYDROCHORY; BOUNDARIES; PLANTS; TIME AB Agricultural development on floodplains contributes to hydrologic alteration and forest fragmentation, which may alter landscape-level processes. These changes may be related to shifts in the seed bank composition of floodplain wetlands. We examined the patterns of seed bank composition across a floodplain watershed by looking at the number of seeds germinating per m(2) by species in 60 farmed and intact forested wetlands along the Cache River watershed in Illinois. The seed bank composition was compared above and below a water diversion (position), which artificially subdivides the watershed. Position of these wetlands represented the most variability of Axis 1 in a Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS) analysis of site environmental variables and their relationship to seed bank composition (coefficient of determination for Axis 1: r(2) = 0.376; Pearson correlation of position to Axis 1: r = 0.223). The 3 primary axes were also represented by other site environmental variables, including farming status (farmed or unfarmed), distance from the mouth of the river, latitude, and longitude. Spatial analysis based on Mantel correlograms showed that both water-dispersed and wind/water-dispersed seed assemblages had strong spatial structure in the upper Cache (above the water diversion), but the spatial structure of water-dispersed seed assemblage was diminished in the lower Cache (below the water diversion), which lost floodpulsing. Bearing analysis also suggested that water-dispersal process had a stronger influence on the overall spatial pattern of seed assemblage in the upper Cache, while wind/water-dispersal process had a stronger influence in the lower Cache. An analysis of the landscapes along the river showed that the mid-lower Cache (below the water diversion) had undergone greater land cover changes associated with agriculture than did the upper Cache watershed. Thus, the combination of forest fragmentation and hydrologic changes in the surrounding landscape may have had an influence on the seed bank composition and spatial distribution of the seed banks of the Cache River watershed. Our study suggests that the spatial pattern of seed bank composition may be influenced by landscape-level factors and processes. C1 [Middleton, Beth] USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Wu, X. Ben] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Middleton, B (reprint author), USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM beth_middleton@usgs.gov RI Wu, X. Ben/E-3772-2010; OI Wu, X. Ben/0000-0001-5947-3118; Middleton, Beth/0000-0002-1220-2326 NR 44 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 16 PU UNIVERSITE LAVAL PI ST FOY PA PAVILLON CHARLES-EUGENE MARCHAND, LOCAL 0166, ST FOY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA SN 1195-6860 J9 ECOSCIENCE JI Ecoscience PY 2008 VL 15 IS 2 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.2980/15-2-2882 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 322ZD UT WOS:000257412900010 ER PT J AU Mora, MA Montoya, AB Lee, MC Macias-Duarte, A Rodriguez-Salazar, R Juergens, PW Lafon-Terrazas, A AF Mora, M. A. Montoya, A. B. Lee, M. C. Macias-Duarte, A. Rodriguez-Salazar, R. Juergens, P. W. Lafon-Terrazas, A. TI Persistent environmental pollutants in eggs of aplomado falcons from Northern Chihuahua, Mexico, and South Texas, USA SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE aplomado falcon; endangered species; contaminants; DDE; Hg; Northern Mexico; South Texas ID CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; DESERT GRASSLANDS; RIO-GRANDE; EXPOSURE; BIRDS; CONTAMINANTS; REPRODUCTION; BIOMARKERS; FISH AB The northern aplomado falcon (Falco femoralis septentrionalis) disappeared from south Texas in the 1940s. Due to great success in the release of captive-reared aplomado falcons in south Texas, there are currently more than 40 established nesting pairs in the region. Addled eggs from aplomado falcons nesting in northern Chihuahua and south Texas were analyzed to determine organochlorine (OC) and inorganic element containinant burdens and their potential association with egg failures and effects on reproduction. Among the OCs, DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(pchlorophenyl)ethylene] was present at the highest concentrations (range 262-21487 ng/g wet weight) followed by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, range 88-3274 ng/g ww). DDE was greater (P=0.03) in eggs from El Sueco (Chihuahua, Mexico) than in those from Matagorda Island (Texas, USA). DDE concentrations in eggs of aplomado falcons from El Sueco were elevated; however, reproductive success in the two Chibuahuan populations did not seem to be affected by DDE. DDE and metals in potential avian prey of the aplomado falcon from Matagorda Island were very low and below levels in the diet at which some negative effects might be expected. Except for mercury (Hg), metal concentrations in eggs were fairly low and were not different among locations in Chihuahua and south Texas. Hg was somewhat elevated and was greater (P<0.001) in Texas than in the Chihuahua locations. Periodic monitoring of Hg concentrations in addled eggs of aplomado falcons in south Texas is recommended to continue evaluating potential negative effects on their recovery. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mora, M. A.] Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, CERC, Brazos Field Res Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Montoya, A. B.; Macias-Duarte, A.; Rodriguez-Salazar, R.; Juergens, P. W.] Peregrine Fund, Boise, ID 83709 USA. [Lee, M. C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Field Off, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Lafon-Terrazas, A.] Univ Chihuahua, Fac Zootecnia, Chihuahua 31453, CH, Mexico. RP Mora, MA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, CERC, Brazos Field Res Stn, 316 Nagle Hall,MS 2258, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM Miguel_mora@usgs.gov RI Mora, Miguel/B-1344-2009; OI Mora, Miguel/0000-0002-8393-0216 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 1 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2007.06.009 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 254RE UT WOS:000252604900005 PM 17669494 ER PT J AU McHugh, P Budy, P Thiede, G VanDyke, E AF McHugh, Peter Budy, Phaedra Thiede, Gary VanDyke, Erin TI Trophic relationships of nonnative brown trout, Salmo trutta, and native Bonneville cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii utah, in a northern Utah, USA river SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE nonnative species; cutthroat trout; brown trout; competition; predation ID FORAGING MODE SHIFT; NEW-ZEALAND STREAMS; BROOK TROUT; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; INDIVIDUAL SPECIALIZATION; UNITED-STATES; PERSISTENCE; COMPETITION; POPULATION; IMPACTS AB Nonnative trout invasions have caused the widespread decline of cutthroat trout populations in western North America. In contrast to other nonnative salmonids, the role of nonnative brown trout in native cutthroat trout decline is poorly understood. Specifically, the level of ecological similarity that occurs between these species and the importance of other trophic mechanisms (e.g., predation) in their interactions are key uncertainties. We evaluated the trophic relationships of brown trout and cutthroat trout in a northern Utah river using a combination of diet and stable isotope analyses. We compared the dietary habits of these two species using multiple and complementary measures. Based on both stomach contents and delta C-13 signatures, we found that these species consumed a similar and opportunistic diet (i.e., they were nonselective in their foraging patterns). However, at most sizes, brown trout ingested larger prey-including fishes-and occupied a higher relative trophic position (i.e., delta N-15) than cutthroat trout. Overall, these results demonstrate a high degree of dietary similarity and therefore strengthen earlier conclusions regarding interspecific competition between these two species. Our study, when considered alongside the work of others, suggests there is potential for predatory interactions between these species (i.e., brown trout preying on small cutthroat trout). We believe that future research on brown trout-cutthroat trout interactions should consider predatory effects in greater detail. C1 Utah State Univ, USGS Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept AWER, Coll Nat Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP McHugh, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USGS Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept AWER, Coll Nat Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM peter.a.mchugh@gmail.com RI Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012 NR 57 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JAN PY 2008 VL 81 IS 1 BP 63 EP 75 DI 10.1007/s10641-006-9171-8 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 228HS UT WOS:000250721600009 ER PT J AU Reid, SM Mandrak, NE Carl, LM Wilson, CC AF Reid, Scott M. Mandrak, Nicholas E. Carl, Leon M. Wilson, Chris C. TI Influence of dams and habitat condition on the distribution of redhorse (Moxostoma) species in the Grand River watershed, Ontario SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE habitat fragmentation; rivers; species at risk; general additive models ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; GREAT-LAKES BASIN; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; LIFE-HISTORY; STREAM; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; FRAGMENTATION; CONSERVATION; DRAINAGE AB Redhorse, Moxostoma spp., are considered to be negatively affected by dams although this assertion is untested for Canadian populations. One hundred and fifty-one sites in the Grand River watershed were sampled to identify factors influencing the distribution of redhorse species. Individual species of redhorse were captured from 3 to 32% of sites. The most widespread species were golden redhorse, M. erythrurum (30%) and greater redhorse, M. valenciennesi (32%), while river redhorse, M. carinatum, was only found along the lower Grand River. Redhorse were absent from the highly fragmented Speed River sub-watershed and upper reaches of the Conestogo River and the Grand River. Redhorse species richness was positively correlated to river fragment size and upstream drainage area. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were applied to evaluate the influence of river fragment length, connectivity and habitat on species distribution. Principal component analysis reduced habitat data to three axes representing: channel structure, substrate, and pool, riffle and run habitats (PC1); gradient and drainage area (PC2); and cover (PC3). GAMs indicate that PC2 was important for predicting black redhorse and greater redhorse site occupancy and PC1 was important for golden redhorse. River fragment length was important for predicting site occupancy for shorthead redhorse, but not other species. C1 Trent Univ, Watershed Sci Ctr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci Fisheries &, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Trent Univ, Aquat Res Sect, Minist Nat Resources, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. RP Reid, SM (reprint author), Trent Univ, Watershed Sci Ctr, 1600 W Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. EM screid@trentu.ca RI Wilson, Chris/J-4851-2012 OI Wilson, Chris/0000-0002-9528-0652 NR 87 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JAN PY 2008 VL 81 IS 1 BP 111 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s10641-006-9179-0 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 228HS UT WOS:000250721600013 ER PT S AU Wang, MS Song, DY Zheng, BS Finkelman, RB AF Wang, Mingshi Song, Dangyu Zheng, Baoshan Finkelman, R. B. BE Carpenter, DO TI The Studying of Washing of Arsenic and Sulfur from Coals Having Different Ranges of Arsenic Contents SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES IN THE PACIFIC BASIN SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the Pacific-Basin-Consortium-for-Environment-and-Health-Sciences CY OCT 26-29, 2007 CL Peking Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Pacific Basin Consortium Environm & Hlth Sci HO Peking Univ DE arsenic; sulfur; content; occurrence; the rate of washing; raw coal; washing coal AB To study the effectiveness of washing in removal of arsenic and sulfur from coals with different ranges of arsenic concentration, coal was divided into three groups on the basis of arsenic content: 0-5.5 mg/kg, 5.5 mg/kg -8.00 mg/kg, and over 8.00 mg/kg. The result shows that the arsenic in coals with higher arsenic content occurs mainly in an inorganic state and can be relatively easily removed. Arsenic removal is very difficult and less complete when the arsenic content is lower than 5.5 mg/kg because most of this arsenic is in an organic state. There is no relationship between washing rate of total sulfur anti arsenic content, but the relationship between the washing rate of total sulfur and percent of organic sulfur is very strong. C1 [Wang, Mingshi; Song, Dangyu] Henan Polytech Univ, Inst Resourses & Environm, Jiaozuo 45000, Henan, Peoples R China. [Wang, Mingshi; Zheng, Baoshan] CAS, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang, Guizhou, Peoples R China. [Finkelman, R. B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Wang, MS (reprint author), Henan Polytech Univ, Inst Resourses & Environm, Jiaozuo 45000, Henan, Peoples R China. EM mingshiwang78@hotmail.com FU National Natural Science foundation of China [401333010, 40703005] FX The research was supported by the National Natural Science foundation of China (Grant No. 401333010, 40703005). NR 8 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-740-5 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2008 VL 1140 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.1196/annals.1454.018 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIM57 UT WOS:000260859700035 PM 18991931 ER PT J AU Saito, L Rosen, MR Chandra, S Fritsen, CH Arufe, JA Redd, C AF Saito, Laurel Rosen, Michael R. Chandra, Sudeep Fritsen, Christian H. Arufe, Jorge A. Redd, Christa TI Using semi-permeable membrane devices and stable nitrogen isotopes to detect anthropogenic influences on the Truckee River, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecology and environmental impacts; isotope methods; organic analysis; surface-water quality ID ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; TROPHIC POSITION; URBAN STREAM; FOOD WEBS; CARBON; WATER; MACROINVERTEBRATES; ECOSYSTEMS; DELTA-N-15; CALIFORNIA AB Stable nitrogen isotopes (delta N-15) and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were used together to provide evidence of potential anthropogenic connections to aquatic organisms in the Truckee River, which flows through the Reno/Sparks metropolitan area in Nevada. Crayfish, snail, and periphyton delta N-15 values, and SPMD toxicity data collected during high and low flow periods at seven primary sites on the river were used with water quality and flow data for the assessment. All biota showed an increase of delta N-15 on both dates at sites downstream of inflows of a water-quality impaired tributary and urban drain relative to upstream. In addition, most of the lowest delta N-15 values on each date occurred at the most downstream site on the river. SPMDs sample lipophilic organic contaminants and can be used to assess organic contaminant toxicity to aquatic organisms because they use a membrane that mimics organic contaminant uptake by fish. In this study, results from a fluoroscan test [pyrene index (PI)] of SPMD extracts that responds to higher molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) showed patterns similar to stable isotope data, although observed peaks in PI values occurred in the urban area upstream of where peak delta N-15 values occurred. The CYP1A biomarker test, which responds to PAHs, certain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorines, showed peak toxic equivalents (TEQ) values farther downstream of the urban area. Thus, it is likely that PAHs were contributing to toxicity in the urban area, whereas other nonurban sources of organic carbon may have been present farther downstream. The combined use of stable isotope measurements and SPMDs provided a means of simultaneously examining whether aquatic biota are incorporating constituents from potential food sources (via stable isotopes) or exposure through water (via SPMDs). C1 [Saito, Laurel; Chandra, Sudeep] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Rosen, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Rosen, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Fritsen, Christian H.] Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Arufe, Jorge A.] US Geol Survey, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Redd, Christa] SWCA Environm Consultants, Sacramento, CA 95834 USA. RP Saito, L (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM lsaito@cabnr.unr.edu RI Saito, Laurel/E-3096-2010; Rosen, Michael/D-6091-2015 OI Saito, Laurel/0000-0003-3617-3133; NR 67 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 12 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PY 2008 VL 25 IS 4 BP 585 EP 600 DI 10.1089/ees.2007.0090 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 303PW UT WOS:000256053900014 ER PT J AU Hostettler, FD Bekins, BA Rostad, CE Herkelrath, WN AF Hostettler, Frances D. Bekins, Barbara A. Rostad, Colleen E. Herkelrath, William N. TI Response to commentary on observed methanogenic biodegradation progressions SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID OIL SANDS TAILINGS; CHAIN N-ALKANES; ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY; POLAR COMPONENTS; NORTH-DAKOTA; CRUDE-OIL; MANDAN; FUELS; DIFFERENTIATION; HYDROCARBONS C1 [Hostettler, Frances D.; Bekins, Barbara A.; Herkelrath, William N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rostad, Colleen E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hostettler, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fdhostet@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PY 2008 VL 9 IS 2-3 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1080/15275920802115738 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 317IR UT WOS:000257013900003 ER PT J AU Ayuso, RA Foley, NK Lipfert, G AF Ayuso, Robert A. Foley, Nora K. Lipfert, Gail BE DeVivo, B Belkin, HE Lima, A TI LEAD ISOTOPES AS MONITORS OF ANTHROPOGENIC AND NATURAL SOURCES AFFECTING THE SURFICIAL ENVIRONMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY: SITE CHARACTERIZATION, DATA ANALYSIS AND CASE HISTORIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOURCE SIGNATURES; ATMOSPHERIC LEAD; UNITED-STATES; PB ISOTOPES; NEW-ENGLAND; SOILS; GROUNDWATER; USA; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTS AB Arsenical pesticides and herbicides were used extensively in New England (USA) during the first half of the twentieth century. The pesticides were used on apple, blueberry, and potato crops. The arsenical pesticides (lead arsenate, calcium arsenate, and sodium arsenate) have similar Pb-isotopic compositions: Pb-208/Pb-207 = 2.3839-2.4722 and Pb-206/Pb-207 = 1.1035-1.2010. Other arsenical pesticides such as copper acetoarsenite (Paris green), as well as arsanilic acid, are widely variable in isotope composition. Common organoarsenical pesticides and herbicides such as monosodium methyl arsonate (MSMA), methyl arsonic acid, and methane arsonic acid have Pb-isotopic signatures that overlap the historical arsenical pesticides, but extend to significantly less radiogenic ratios of Pb-206/Pb-207 and Pb-208/Pb-207. This Pb-isotopic difference is notable and suggests that these types of pesticides could be distinguished in Pb-bearing minerals formed in the near-surface environment. A full assessment of the environmental impact of the historical use of arsenical pesticides is not available, but initial studies indicate that arsenic and lead concentrations in stream sediments in New England (northeastern USA) are higher in agricultural areas that intensely used arsenical pesticides than in other areas. The possible lingering effects of arsenical pesticide use were tested in a detailed geochemical and isotopic study of soil profiles from a small watershed containing arsenic-enriched groundwater in coastal Maine. The Pb-isotopic compositions of acid-leach extractions represent lead adsorbed to mineral surfaces or held in soluble minerals (Fe- and Mn-oxyhydroxides, carbonate, and some micaceous minerals) in the soils, whereas residue compositions likely reflect bedrock compositions. Labile Pb-isotopic compositions (acid-leach) show a moderate range in Pb-206/Pb-207 (1.1870-1.2069) and Pb-208/Pb-207 (2.4519-2.4876). Isotope values vary as a function of depth: the lowest Pb-isotopic ratios (e.g., Pb-208/Pb-206) representing labile lead are in the uppermost soil horizons (also containing highest Pb abundances). A multicomponent mixing scheme that includes predominantly lead from the local parent rock (Penobscot Formation) and lead derived from combustion of fossil fuels could account for the observed Pb-isotopic variations in the soil profiles. In general, however, our preliminary data also show that the extensive use of arsenical pesticides and herbicides in agricultural regions can be a notable anthropogenic source of arsenic and lead to stream sediments and soils. C1 [Ayuso, Robert A.; Foley, Nora K.] US Geol Survey, MS Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Lipfert, Gail] Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Ayuso, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-055895-0 PY 2008 BP 287 EP 316 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-53159-9.00012-7 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA BEO85 UT WOS:000317605700013 ER PT J AU Belkin, HE Zheng, BS Zhou, DX Finkelman, RB AF Belkin, Harvey E. Zheng, Baoshan Zhou, Daixing Finkelman, Robert B. BE DeVivo, B Belkin, HE Lima, A TI CHRONIC ARSENIC POISONING FROM DOMESTIC COMBUSTION OF COAL IN RURAL CHINA: A CASE STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EARTH MATERIALS AND HUMAN HEALTH SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY: SITE CHARACTERIZATION, DATA ANALYSIS AND CASE HISTORIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GOLD DEPOSITS; GUIZHOU; AREA AB The use of locally mined, high-arsenic (>100 ppm) coals for domestic heating and cooking has caused arsenic poisoning in several villages in southwestern Guizhou Province, China. Extensive epidemiological and geochemical studies have revealed that the prime poisoning pathway is ingestion of arsenic-contaminated foodstuffs, especially chili peppers. A collaborative program between Chinese and American medical- and earth-science researchers has addressed this specific occurrence of arsenosis from domestic coal combustion. Samples of the Longtan coal (late Permian age) used in this region have been studied to determine the concentrations, distributions, and form(s) of arsenic. The coal contains various As3+- and As5+-bearing phases and some coal has As contents as high as 35,000 ppm, on a whole-coal, as-determined basis. Knowledge of the mode of occurrence of arsenic in the coal, the disease etiology, and the geology of the area has led to substantial mitigation of chronic arsenic poisoning. The relationship and information exchange between earth scientists and local medical and public health officials was essential in this accomplishment. C1 [Belkin, Harvey E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Zheng, Baoshan] Acad Sinica, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Daixing] Sanitat & Antiepidem Stn Qianxinan Autonomous Pre, Xingyi 562400, Guizhou, Peoples R China. [Finkelman, Robert B.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Geosci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Belkin, HE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-055895-0 PY 2008 BP 401 EP 420 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-53159-9.00017-6 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA BEO85 UT WOS:000317605700018 ER PT J AU Barringer, JL Wilson, TP Szabo, Z Bonin, JL Fischer, JM Smith, NP AF Barringer, Julia L. Wilson, Timothy P. Szabo, Zoltan Bonin, Jennifer L. Fischer, Jeffrey M. Smith, Nicholas P. TI Diurnal variations in, and influences on, concentrations of particulate and dissolved arsenic and metals in the mildly alkaline Wallkill River, New Jersey, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diurnal; arsenic; metals; geochemistry; Wallkill River; New Jersey; USA ID MOUNTAIN STREAM; COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION; TRACE-ELEMENT; HEAVY-METALS; DIEL CYCLES; MONTANA; IRON; PH; FERRIHYDRITE; CHEMISTRY AB Diurnal variations in particulate and dissolved As and metal concentrations were observed in mildly alkaline water from a wetlands site on the Wallkill River in northwestern New Jersey. The site, underlain by glacial sediments over dolomite bedrock, is 10 km downstream from a mined area of the Franklin Marble, host to Zn ores, also As and Mn minerals. In mid-September 2005, maxima and minima in dissolved-oxygen-concentration and pH, typically caused by photosynthesis and respiration, occurred at 2000 and 0800 hours. Concentrations of dissolved As (1.52-1.95 mu g/L) peaked at dusk (2000 hours), whereas dissolved Mn and Zn concentrations (76.5-96.9 and 8.55-12.8 mu g/L, respectively) were lowest at dusk and peaked at 1000 hours. These opposing cycles probably reflect sorption and desorption of As (an anion), and Mn and Zn (cations) as pH varied throughout the 24-h period. Doubly-peaked cycles of B, Cl, SO4, and nutrients also were observed; these may result from upstream discharges of septic-system effluent. Both recoverable amd particulate Al, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations peaked between 0200 and 0600 hours. The particulate metals cycle, with perturbations at 0400 hours, may be influenced by biological activity. C1 [Barringer, Julia L.; Wilson, Timothy P.; Szabo, Zoltan; Bonin, Jennifer L.; Fischer, Jeffrey M.; Smith, Nicholas P.] New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. RP Barringer, JL (reprint author), New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM jbarring@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1183 EP 1199 DI 10.1007/s00254-007-0708-8 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 248XV UT WOS:000252191400004 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, TK Galat, DL AF O'Donnell, T. Kevin Galat, David L. TI Evaluating success criteria and project monitoring in river enhancement within an adaptive management framework SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biologic effectiveness; effective science; river restoration; navigated rivers; nonnavigated rivers; Upper Mississippi River ID STREAM RESTORATION; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; UNITED-STATES; ECOLOGY; SCIENCE; CONSERVATION; PERSPECTIVE; AGENCIES; SYSTEMS; GOALS AB Objective setting, performance measures, and accountability are important components of an adaptive-management approach to river-enhancement programs. Few lessons learned by river-enhancement practitioners in the United States have been documented and disseminated relative to the number of projects implemented. We conducted scripted telephone surveys with river-enhancement project managers and practitioners within the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB) to determine the extent of setting project success criteria, monitoring, evaluation of monitoring data, and data dissemination. Investigation of these elements enabled a determination of those that inhibited adaptive management. Seventy river enhancement projects were surveyed. Only 34% of projects surveyed incorporated a quantified measure of project success. Managers most often relied on geophysical attributes of rivers when setting project success criteria, followed by biological communities. Ninety-one percent of projects that performed monitoring included biologic variables, but the lack of data collection before and after project completion and lack of field-based reference or control sites will make future assessments of ecologic success difficult. Twenty percent of projects that performed monitoring evaluated >= 1 variable but did not disseminate their evaluations outside their organization. Results suggest greater incentives may be required to advance the science of river enhancement. Future river-enhancement programs within the UMRB and elsewhere can increase knowledge gained from individual projects by offering better guidance on setting success criteria before project initiation and evaluation through established monitoring protocols. C1 [O'Donnell, T. Kevin] Univ Missouri, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Galat, David L.] Univ Missouri, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP O'Donnell, TK (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, 302 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM tkot24@mizzou.edu NR 70 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 41 IS 1 BP 90 EP 105 DI 10.1007/s00267-007-9010-5 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 243UE UT WOS:000251822000008 PM 17805923 ER PT S AU Rizzoli, AE Leavesley, G Ascough, JC Argent, RM Athanasiadis, IN Brilhante, V Claeys, FHA David, O Donatelli, M Gijsbers, P Havlik, D Kassahun, A Krause, P Quinn, NWT Scholten, H Sojda, RS Villa, F AF Rizzoli, A. E. Leavesley, G. Ascough, J. C., II Argent, R. M. Athanasiadis, I. N. Brilhante, V. Claeys, F. H. A. David, O. Donatelli, M. Gijsbers, P. Havlik, D. Kassahun, A. Krause, P. Quinn, N. W. T. Scholten, H. Sojda, R. S. Villa, F. BE Jakeman, AJ Voinov, AA Rizzoli, AE Chen, SH TI INTEGRATED MODELLING FRAMEWORKS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND DECISION SUPPORT SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING, SOFTWARE AND DECISION SUPPORT: STATE OF THE ART AND NEW PERSPECTIVES SE Developments in Integrated Environmental Assessment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SYSTEMS C1 [Rizzoli, A. E.; Athanasiadis, I. N.] IDSIA, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland. [Leavesley, G.; David, O.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Ascough, J. C., II] ARS, USDA, NPA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Argent, R. M.] Bur Meteorol, Water Div, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Brilhante, V.] Univ Fed Amazonas, Dept Comp Sci, BR-69077000 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Claeys, F. H. A.] Univ Ghent, Dept Appl Math Biometr & Proc Control, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Donatelli, M.] Joint Res Ctr, IPSC, Agri4cast Act, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Gijsbers, P.] WL Delft Hydraul, Inland Water Syst, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. [Havlik, D.] Austrian Res Ctr GmbH, ARC, Smart Syst Div, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. [Kassahun, A.] Informat Technol Grp, Dept Social Sci, NL-6706 KN Wageningen, Netherlands. [Krause, P.] Univ Jena, Inst Geog, Lehrstuhl Geoinformat, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Quinn, N. W. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Scholten, H.] Wageningen Univ, Informat Technol Grp, NL-6706 EW Wageningen, Netherlands. [Sojda, R. S.] Montana State Univ, USDI, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Villa, F.] Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Rizzoli, AE (reprint author), IDSIA, Galleria 2, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland. RI Rizzoli, Andrea Emilio/B-2985-2010; Quinn, Nigel/G-2407-2015 OI Rizzoli, Andrea Emilio/0000-0001-8179-0750; Quinn, Nigel/0000-0003-3333-4763 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-101X BN 978-0-08-091530-2 J9 DEV INTEG ENVIRON PY 2008 VL 3 BP 101 EP 118 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCO90 UT WOS:000310922300008 ER PT S AU Larocque, GR Bhatti, JS Gordon, AM Luckai, N Wattenbach, M Liu, J Peng, C Arp, PA Liu, S Zhang, CF Komarov, A Grabarnik, P Sun, J White, T AF Larocque, G. R. Bhatti, J. S. Gordon, A. M. Luckai, N. Wattenbach, M. Liu, J. Peng, C. Arp, P. A. Liu, S. Zhang, C. -F. Komarov, A. Grabarnik, P. Sun, J. White, T. BE Jakeman, AJ Voinov, AA Rizzoli, AE Chen, SH TI UNCERTAINTY AND SENSITIVITY ISSUES IN PROCESS-BASED MODELS OF CARBON AND NITROGEN CYCLES IN TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING, SOFTWARE AND DECISION SUPPORT: STATE OF THE ART AND NEW PERSPECTIVES SE Developments in Integrated Environmental Assessment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; ECOLOGICAL MODELS; CANADIAN FOREST; WATER CYCLES; WOODY DEBRIS; DYNAMICS; DECOMPOSITION; VALIDATION C1 [Larocque, G. R.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Stn Ste Foy, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. [Bhatti, J. S.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Gordon, A. M.] Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Luckai, N.] Lakehead Univ, Fac Forestry & Forest Environm, Forest Soils Lab, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. [Wattenbach, M.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. [Liu, J.; Liu, S.] SAIC, US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Sun, J.] Univ Quebec Montreal, Inst Environm Sci, ECO MCS Lab, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Arp, P. A.; Zhang, C. -F.] Univ New Brunswick, Fac Forestry & Environm Management, Fredericton, NB E3B 6C2, Canada. [Komarov, A.; Grabarnik, P.] Pushchino State Univ, Inst Physicochem & Biol Problems Soil Sci, Russian Acad Sci, Lab Ecosyst Modelling,Syst Ecol Dept, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. [White, T.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. RP Larocque, GR (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Stn Ste Foy, 1055 PEPS,POB 10380, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. NR 64 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-101X BN 978-0-08-091530-2 J9 DEV INTEG ENVIRON PY 2008 VL 3 BP 307 EP 327 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCO90 UT WOS:000310922300019 ER PT S AU Alexandrov, GA Chan, D Chen, M Gurney, K Higuchi, K Ito, A Jones, CD Komarov, A Mabuchi, K Matross, DM Veroustraete, F Verstraeten, WW AF Alexandrov, G. A. Chan, D. Chen, M. Gurney, K. Higuchi, K. Ito, A. Jones, C. D. Komarov, A. Mabuchi, K. Matross, D. M. Veroustraete, F. Verstraeten, W. W. BE Jakeman, AJ Voinov, AA Rizzoli, AE Chen, SH TI MODEL-DATA FUSION IN STUDIES OF THE TERRESTRIAL CARBON SINK SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING, SOFTWARE AND DECISION SUPPORT: STATE OF THE ART AND NEW PERSPECTIVES SE Developments in Integrated Environmental Assessment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EDDY-COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EUROPEAN FORESTS; SATELLITE DATA; SOIL-MOISTURE; CYCLE MODEL; MASS FLUXES; CLIMATE; CO2 C1 [Alexandrov, G. A.] Off Global Environm Database CGER NIES, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Chan, D.] Environm Canada, Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Chen, M.] SAIC, USGS Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Gurney, K.] Purdue Univ, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gurney, K.] Purdue Univ, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Higuchi, K.] York Univ, Fac Environm Studies, EC, Adaptat & Impacts Res Div, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Ito, A.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Jones, C. D.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Komarov, A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Physicochem & Biol Problems Soil Sci, Lab Ecosyst Modelling, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. [Mabuchi, K.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Matross, D. M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. [Veroustraete, F.] Vlaamse Instelling Technol Onderzoek, Flemish Inst Technol Res, TAP, Ctr Remote Sensing & Earth Observat Proc, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. [Verstraeten, W. W.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Fac Biosci Engn, Biosyst Dept, M3 BIORES, BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. RP Alexandrov, GA (reprint author), Off Global Environm Database CGER NIES, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. RI Alexandrov, Georgii/F-9410-2011 OI Alexandrov, Georgii/0000-0002-2522-5690 NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-101X BN 978-0-08-091530-2 J9 DEV INTEG ENVIRON PY 2008 VL 3 BP 329 EP 344 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCO90 UT WOS:000310922300020 ER PT J AU Al-Chokhachy, R Fredenberg, W Spalding, S AF Al-Chokhachy, Robert Fredenberg, Wade Spalding, Shelley TI Surveying professional opinion to inform bull trout recovery and management decisions SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Increasing concerns about management and recovery of the threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) prompted the Bull Trout Committee of Western Division American Fisheries Society to survey scientists working most closely with bull trout in Pacific Northwest drainages of the contiguous United States. We solicited scientific and judgment-based assessments regarding current status and future trends, limiting factors, effectiveness of restoration strategies and regulatory mechanisms, and information gaps. The survey was sent to 235 biologists, with the majority of the responses coming from Montana, Oregon, and Washington. Respondents indicated fish passage, forest management practices, and normative species interactions are the primary factors limiting bull trout populations, and these issues were identified as the primary recovery challenges in the foreseeable future. Survey results indicated large information gaps in our understanding of bull trout population dynamics, monitoring and evaluation, and community interactions. Finally, survey respondents across demographic groups identified the listing under the Endangered Species Act as the single most important regulatory action benefiting bull trout. We conclude online surveys of professional opinions can be useful for guiding future management decisions, identifying research needs, understanding the relative importance of potential limiting factors, and evaluating the effectiveness of different regulatory mechanisms. C1 [Al-Chokhachy, Robert] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Fredenberg, Wade] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kalispell, MT USA. [Spalding, Shelley] AFS Bull Trout Comm, Western Div, Olympia, WA USA. RP Al-Chokhachy, R (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM robertal@cc.usu.edu RI Al-Chokhachy, Robert/F-2894-2010 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JAN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 18 EP 28 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-33.1.18 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 271XA UT WOS:000253820800006 ER PT J AU Arimitsu, ML Piatt, JF Litzow, MA Abookire, AA Romano, MD Robards, MD AF Arimitsu, Mayumi L. Piatt, John F. Litzow, Michael A. Abookire, Alisa A. Romano, Marc D. Robards, Martin D. TI Distribution and spawning dynamics of capelin (Mallotus villosus) in Glacier Bay, Alaska: a cold water refugium SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Glacier Bay; Mallotus villosus; marine climate; maturity; oceanography; spawning habitat ID LIONS EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; TIDEWATER GLACIERS; FISH; CLIMATE; FJORD; GULF; HYPOTHESIS; COMMUNITY; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS AB Pacific capelin (Mallotus villosus) populations declined dramatically in the Northeastern Pacific following ocean warming after the regime shift of 1977, but little is known about the cause of the decline or the functional relationships between capelin and their environment. We assessed the distribution and abundance of spawning, non-spawning adult and larval capelin in Glacier Bay, an estuarine fjord system in southeastern Alaska. We used principal components analysis to analyze midwater trawl and beach seine data collected between 1999 and 2004 with respect to oceanographic data and other measures of physical habitat including proximity to tidewater glaciers and potential spawning habitat. Both spawning and non-spawning adult Pacific capelin were more likely to occur in areas closest to tidewater glaciers, and those areas were distinguished by lower temperature, higher turbidity, higher dissolved oxygen and lower chlorophyll a levels when compared with other areas of the bay. The distribution of larval Pacific capelin was not sensitive to glacial influence. Pre-spawning females collected farther from tidewater glaciers were at a lower maturity state than those sampled closer to tidewater glaciers, and the geographic variation in the onset of spawning is likely the result of differences in the marine habitat among sub-areas of Glacier Bay. Proximity to cold water in Glacier Bay may have provided a refuge for capelin during the recent warm years in the Gulf of Alaska. C1 [Arimitsu, Mayumi L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Piatt, John F.; Litzow, Michael A.; Abookire, Alisa A.; Romano, Marc D.; Robards, Martin D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Arimitsu, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 3100 Natl Pk Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM marimitsu@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00470.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 280GL UT WOS:000254413700007 ER PT S AU Chouet, B Dawson, P Martini, M AF Chouet, Bernard Dawson, Phillip Martini, Marcello BE Lane, SJ Gilbert, JS TI Shallow-conduit dynamics at Stromboli Volcano, Italy, imaged from waveform inversions SO FLUID MOTIONS IN VOLCANIC CONDUITS: A SOURCE OF SEISMIC AND ACOUSTIC SIGNALS SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHOD; PERIOD SEISMIC SIGNALS; FLUID-DRIVEN CRACK; MOUNT ST-HELENS; SINGLE FORCE; ASO VOLCANO; JAPAN; ERUPTIONS; MECHANISM; EVENTS AB Modelling of Very-Long-Period (VLP) seismic data recorded during explosive activity at Stromboli in 1997 provides an image of the uppermost I kill of its volcanic plumbing system. Two distinct dyke-like conduit structures are identified, each representative of explosive eruptions from two different vents located near the northern and southern perimeters of the summit crater. Observed volumetric changes in the dykes are viewed as the result of a piston-like action of the magma associated with the disruption of it gas slug transiting through discontinuities in the dyke apertures. Accompanying these volumetric source components are single vertical forces resulting from an exchange of linear momentum between the source and the Earth. In the dyke system underlying the northern vent, a primary disruption site is observed at an elevation near 440 m where a bifurcation in the conduit occurs. At a depth of 80 In below sea level, a sharp corner in the conduit marks another location where the elastic response of the solid to the action of the upper source induces pressure and momentum changes in the magma. In the conduit underlying the southern vent. the junction of two inclined dykes with a sub-vertical dyke at 520 in elevation is a primary site of gas slug disruption, and another conduit corner 280 in below sea level represents a coupling location between the elastic response of the solid and fluid motion. C1 [Chouet, Bernard; Dawson, Phillip] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Martini, Marcello] Osserv Vesuviano, I-80124 Naples, Italy. RP Chouet, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM chouet@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-262-5 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2008 VL 307 BP 57 EP 84 DI 10.1144/SP307.5 PG 28 WC Acoustics; Geology SC Acoustics; Geology GA BJT78 UT WOS:000267144000005 ER PT B AU Elston, S Shoemaker, C AF Elston, Shirley Shoemaker, Carolyn BE Olberding, SD Moore, MM TI The US Geological Survey Paleomagnetics Laboratory at Fort Valley Experimental Forest-1970-1991 SO FORT VALLEY EXPERIMENTAL FOREST - A CENTURY OF RESEARCH 1908-2008, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fort Valley Experimental Forest - A Century of Research 1908-2008 CY AUG 07-09, 2008 CL Flagstaff, AZ SP USDAFS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Coconino Natl Forest, Ecol Restorat Inst ID GRAY MOUNTAIN; RED BEDS; ARIZONA; MAGNETIZATION AB The United States Geological Survey (USGS) Paleomagnetics Laboratory was established in 1970, when Dr. Donald P Elston of USGS negotiated with officials of the U.S. Forest Service in Flagstaff for the use of several buildings at the Fort Valley Experimental Forest (FVEF). The Fort Valley location was ideal for use as a laboratory, because its distance from Flagstaff mitigated the possibility of outside magnetic disturbance, which could affect any results obtained. It should also be noted that the necessary space was potentially available, in that most of the buildings were in states of disrepair and in danger of being torn down or moved. The USGS updated the buildings used by the Laboratory and helped ensure that the FVEF remained intact (Figure 1). C1 [Elston, Shirley; Shoemaker, Carolyn] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Elston, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2008 IS 55 BP 168 EP 174 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BQX69 UT WOS:000282067400023 ER PT J AU Wood, SA Beringer, J Hutley, LB Mcguire, AD Van Dijk, A Kilinc, M AF Wood, Stephen A. Beringer, Jason Hutley, Lindsay B. Mcguire, A. David Van Dijk, Albert Kilinc, Musa TI Impacts of fire on forest age and runoff in mountain ash forests (Retracted article. See vol. 37, pg. 1192, 2010) SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Retracted Publication DE eddy covariance; Eucalyptus regnans; sap flow; transpiration ID REGNANS F MUELL; EUCALYPTUS-REGNANS; WATER YIELD; SAP FLOW; SAPWOOD AREA; TRANSPIRATION; TREES; CATCHMENT; NIGHT; PRODUCTIVITY AB Runoff from mountain ash ( Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell.) forested catchments has been shown to decline significantly in the few decades following fire-returning to pre-fire levels in the following centuries-owing to changes in ecosystem water use with stand age in a relationship known as Kuczera's model. We examined this relationship between catchment runoff and stand age by measuring whole-ecosystem exchanges of water using an eddy covariance system measuring forest evapotranspiration (ET) combined with sap-flow measurements of tree water use, with measurements made across a chronosequence of three sites (24, 80 and 296 years since. re). At the 296-year old site eddy covariance systems were installed above the E. regnans overstorey and above the distinct rainforest understorey. Contrary to predictions from the Kuczera curve, we found that measurements of whole-forest ET decreased by far less across stand age between 24 and 296 years. Although the overstorey tree water use declined by 1.8 mm day(-1) with increasing forest age (an annual decrease of 657 mm) the understorey ET contributed between 1.2 and 1.5 mm day(-1), 45% of the total ET (3 mm day(-1)) at the old growth forest. C1 [Wood, Stephen A.; Beringer, Jason; Kilinc, Musa] Monash Univ, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Hutley, Lindsay B.] Charles Darwin Univ, Fac Educ Hlth & Sci, Sch Sci & Primary Ind, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. [Mcguire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Van Dijk, Albert] Black Mt Lab, CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Wood, SA (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM stephen.wood@arts.monash.edu.au RI Hutley, Lindsay/A-7925-2011; Van Dijk, Albert/B-3106-2011; Beringer, Jason/B-8528-2008 OI Hutley, Lindsay/0000-0001-5533-9886; Van Dijk, Albert/0000-0002-6508-7480; Beringer, Jason/0000-0002-4619-8361 NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2008 VL 35 IS 6 BP 483 EP 492 DI 10.1071/FP08120 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 333EI UT WOS:000258134900006 ER PT J AU Kusakabe, M Ohba, T Issa Yoshida, Y Satake, H Ohizumi, T Evans, WC Tanyileke, G Kling, GW AF Kusakabe, Minoru Ohba, Takeshi Issa Yoshida, Yutaka Satake, Hiroshi Ohizumi, Tsuyoshi Evans, William C. Tanyileke, Gregory Kling, George W. TI Evolution of CO2 in Lakes Monoun and Nyos, Cameroon, before and during controlled degassing SO GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Lake Nyos; Lake Monoun; hazard mitigation; CO2 evolution; natural recharge ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CRATER LAKES; GAS DISASTER; MODEL; CONCLUSIONS; BUILDUP AB Evolution of CO2 in Lakes Monoun and Nyos (Cameroon) before and during controlled degassing is described using results of regular monitoring obtained during the last 21 years. The CO2(aq) profiles soon after the limnic eruptions were estimated for Lakes Monoun and Nyos using the CTD data obtained in October and November 1986, respectively. Based on the CO2(aq) profiles through time, the CO2 content and its change over time were calculated for both lakes. The CO2 accumulation rate calculated from the pre-degassing data, was constant after the limnic eruption at Lake Nyos (1986-2001). whereas the rate appeared initially high (1986-1996) but later slowed down (1996-2003) at Lake Monoun. The CO2 concentration at 58 m depth in Lake Monoun in January 2003 was very close to saturation due to the CO2 accumulation. This situation is suggestive of a mechanism for the limnic eruption, because it may take place spontaneously without receiving an external trigger. The CO2 content of the lakes decreased significantly after controlled deggassing started in March 2001 at Lake Nyos and in February 2003 at Lake Monoun. The current content is lower than the content estimated soon after the limnic eruption at both lakes. At Monoun the degassing rate increased greatly after February 2006 due to an increase of the number of degassing pipes and deepening of the pipe intake depth. The current CO2 content is similar to 40% of the maximum content attained just before the degassing started. At current degassing rates the lower chemocline will subside to the degassing pipe intake depth of 93 m in about one year. After this depth is reached, the gas removal rate will progressively decline because water of lower CO2(aq) concentration will be tapped by the pipes. To keep the CO2 content of Lake Monoun as small as possible, it is recommended to set up a new, simple device that sends deep water to the surface since natural recharge of CO2 will continue. Controlled degassing at Lake Nyos since 2001 has also reduced the CO2 content. It is currently slightly below the level estimated after the limnic eruption in 1986. However, the current CO2 content still amounts to 80% of the maximum level of 14.8 giga moles observed in January 2001. The depth of the lower chemocline may reach the pipe intake depth of 203 m within a few years. After this situation is reached the degassing rate with the Current system will progressively decline, and it would take decades to remove the majority of dissolved gases even if the degassing system keeps working continuously. Additional degassing pipes must be installed to speed up gas removal from Lake Nyos in order to make the area safer for local populations. C1 [Kusakabe, Minoru] Okayama Univ, Inst Study Earths Interior, Misasa, Tottori 6820193, Japan. [Ohba, Takeshi; Issa] Tokyo Inst Technol, Volcan Fluid Res Ctr, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Yoshida, Yutaka] Yoshida Consulting Engineer Off, Morioka, Iwate 0200121, Japan. [Satake, Hiroshi] Toyama Univ, Dept Environm Biol & Chem, Toyama 9308555, Japan. [Ohizumi, Tsuyoshi] Niigata Prefectural Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Sci, Niigata 9502144, Japan. [Evans, William C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Tanyileke, Gregory] Inst Res Geol & Min, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Kling, George W.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Kusakabe, M (reprint author), KORDI, Korea Polar Res Inst, Songdo Techno Pk,7-50 Song Dong, Inchon 406840, South Korea. EM mhk2314@hotmail.com RI Evans, William/J-4283-2012; Issa, No first name/K-7012-2014; Kling, George/C-7867-2015 OI Issa, No first name/0000-0002-4703-1360; Kling, George/0000-0002-6349-8227 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [61020049, 63041090, 04041074, 10041121, 13573013 (H13-14), 16403012 (H 16-17)]; Asia-Africa Science Platform Program; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID); Korea's "Brain Pool Program; KOPRI's project [PE07020] FX Acknowledgments-We thank J. V. Hell. director of the Institute of Research for Geology and Mining (IRGM), Cameroon. and the IRGM staff for supporting our field work. Our regular monitoring at Lakes Nyos mid Monoun was made possible by funds to M.K. from the Grant-in Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Nos. 61020049, 63041090, 04041074, 10041121, 13573013 (H13-14), 16403012 (H 16-17), and Asia-Africa Science Platform Program (2005-2008)). We also thank the Japanese and U.S. bassies in Cameroon. and acknowledge funding by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID). Field surveys were made while M.K. was working for the institute for study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University. This manuscript was prepared while M.K. was stay ing at Korea Polar Research Institute, supported by Korea's "Brain Pool Program, 2006-2007" and KOPRI's project PE07020. K. Tietze kindly supplied us with his CTD results measured in November 1986. We thank G. Saito and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments on the Manuscript. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 27 PU GEOCHEMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 358-5 YAMABUKI-CHO, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 162-0801, JAPAN SN 0016-7002 EI 1880-5973 J9 GEOCHEM J JI Geochem. J. PY 2008 VL 42 IS 1 BP 93 EP 118 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 374MJ UT WOS:000261047400009 ER PT J AU White, AF Schulz, MS Vivit, DV Blum, AE Stonestrom, DA Anderson, SP AF White, Art F. Schulz, Marjorie S. Vivit, Davison V. Blum, Alex E. Stonestrom, David A. Anderson, Suzanne P. TI Chemical weathering of a marine terrace chronosequence, Santa Cruz, California I: Interpreting rates and controls based on soil concentration-depth profiles SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MASS-BALANCE; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; GRANITIC ALLUVIUM; FREE-ENERGY; LONG-TERM; WAVE-CUT; EVOLUTION; FELDSPAR AB The spatial and temporal changes in element and mineral concentrations in regolith profiles in a chronosequence developed on marine terraces along coastal California are interpreted in terms of chemical weathering rates and processes. In regoliths up to 15 m deep and 226 kyrs old, quartz-normalized mass transfer coefficients indicate non-stoichiometric preferential release of Sr > Ca > Na from plagioclase along with lesser amounts of K, Rb and Ba derived from K-feldspar. Smectite weathering results in the loss of Mg and concurrent incorporation of Al and Fe into secondary kaolinite and Fe-oxides in shallow argillic horizons. Elemental losses from weathering of the Santa Cruz terraces fall within the range of those for other marine terraces alone the Pacific Coast of North America. Residual amounts of plagioclase and K-feldspar decrease with terrace depth and increasing age. The gradient of the weathering profile b(s) is defined by the ratio of the weathering rate, R to the velocity at which the profile penetrates into the protolith. A spreadsheet calculator further refines profile geometries, demonstrating that the non-linear regions at low residual feldspar concentrations at shallow depth are dominated by exponential changes in mineral surface-to-volume ratios and at high residual feldspar concentrations, at greater depth, by the approach to thermodynamic saturation. These parameters are of secondary importance to the fluid flux q(h), which in thermodynamically saturated pore water, controls the weathering velocity and mineral losses from the profiles. Long-term fluid fluxes required to reproduce the feldspar weathering profiles are in agreement with contemporary values based on solute Cl balances (q(h) = 0.025-0.17 m yr(-1)). During saturation-controlled and solute-limited weathering, the greater loss of plagioclase relative to K-feldspar is dependent on the large difference in their respective solubilities instead of the small difference between their respective reaction kinetics. The steady-state weathering rate under such conditions is defined as [GRAPHICS] The product of q(h) and the ratio of solubilized to solid state feldspar (m(sat)/M-total) define the weathering velocity. The weathering gradient b(s) reflects the kinetic rate of reaction where S-v is the volumetric surface area of the residual feldspar. Both this rate expression and the spreadsheet calculations produce similar plagioclase weathering rates (R = 5-14 x 10(-16) mol m(-2) s(-1)) which agree with those reported for other environments of comparable climate and age. Weathering-dependent concentration profiles are commonly described in literature. The present paper provides methods by which these data can yield a more fundamental understanding of the weathering processes involved. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [White, Art F.; Schulz, Marjorie S.; Vivit, Davison V.; Stonestrom, David A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Blum, Alex E.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Anderson, Suzanne P.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP White, AF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM afwhite@usgs.gov RI Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011; Anderson, Suzanne/F-4039-2014; OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385; Anderson, Suzanne/0000-0002-6796-6649; Schulz, Marjorie/0000-0001-5597-6447 NR 69 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 36 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.08.029 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 250NJ UT WOS:000252306700003 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Budahn, JR Johnson, DL Reheis, M Beann, J Skipp, G Fisher, E Jones, JA AF Muhs, Daniel R. Budahn, James R. Johnson, Donald L. Reheis, Marith Beann, Jossh Skipp, Gary Fisher, Eric Jones, Julia A. TI Geochemical evidence for airborne dust additions to soils in Channel Islands National Park, California SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE silt mantles; dust; eolian; soils; marine terraces; volcanic rocks; california; Channel Islands National Park; Santa Cruz Island; Santa Barbara Island; Anacapa Island; mineralogy; geochemistry; trace elements; rare earths; Santa Ana winds ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; CIMA-VOLCANIC-FIELD; PACIFIC PELAGIC SEDIMENTS; LANZAROTE CANARY-ISLANDS; EARLY HUMAN OCCUPATION; SOUTHERN NEVADA; MOJAVE-DESERT; EOLIAN DUST; CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION; CHRONOMETRICAL EVIDENCE AB There is an increasing awareness that dust plays important roles in climate change, bio-geochemical cycles, nutrient supply to ecosystems, and soil formation. In Channel Islands National Park, California, soils are clay-rich Vertisols or Alfisols and Mollisols with vertic properties. The soils are overlain by silt-rich mantles that contrast sharply with the underlying clay-rich horizons. Silt mantles contain minerals that are rare or absent in the volcanic rocks that dominate these islands. Immobile trace elements (Sc-Th-La and Ta-Nd-Cr) and rare-earth elements show that the basalt and andesite on the islands have a composition intermediate between upper-continental crust and oceanic crust. In contrast, the silt fractions and, to a lesser extent, clay fractions of the silt mantle have compositions closer to average upper-continental crust and very similar to Mojave Desert dust. Island shelves, exposed during the last glacial period, could have provided a source of eolian sediment for the silt mantles, but this is not supported by mineralogical data. We hypothesize that a more likely source for the silt-rich mantles is airborne dust from mainland California and Baja California, either from the Mojave Desert or from the continental shelf during glacial low stands of sea. Although average winds are from the northwest in coastal California, easterly winds occur numerous times of the year when "Santa Ana" conditions prevail, caused by a high-pressure cell centered over the Great Basin. The eolian silt mantles constitute an important medium of plant growth and provide evidence that abundant eolian silt and clay may be delivered to the eastern Pacific Ocean from inland desert sources. C1 [Muhs, Daniel R.; Budahn, James R.; Reheis, Marith; Beann, Jossh; Skipp, Gary; Fisher, Eric] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Johnson, Donald L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geog, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Jones, Julia A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM dmuhs@usgs.gov NR 103 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 11 U2 43 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 120 IS 1-2 BP 106 EP 126 DI 10.1130/B26218.1 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 247RH UT WOS:000252096800007 ER PT J AU Hanshaw, MN Lozier, MS Palter, JB AF Hanshaw, Maiana N. Lozier, M. Susan Palter, Jaime B. TI Integrated impact of tropical cyclones on sea surface chlorophyll in the North Atlantic SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN RESPONSE; HURRICANE; US AB Past studies have shown that surface chlorophyll-a concentrations increase in the wake of hurricanes. Given the reported increase in the intensity of North Atlantic hurricanes in recent years, increasing chlorophyll-a concentrations, perhaps an indication of increasing biological productivity, would be an expected consequence. However, in order to understand the impact of variable hurricane activity on ocean biology, the magnitude of the hurricane-induced chlorophyll increase relative to other events that stir or mix the upper ocean must be assessed. This study investigates the upper ocean biological response to tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic from 1997-2005. Specifically, we quantitatively compare the anomalous chlorophyll-a concentrations created by cyclone activity to the total distribution of anomalies in the subtropical waters. We show that the cyclone-induced chlorophyll-a increase has minimal impact on the integrated biomass budget, a result that holds even when taking into consideration the lagged and asymmetrical response of ocean color. C1 [Hanshaw, Maiana N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Lozier, M. Susan] Duke Univ, Nicolas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Palter, Jaime B.] Inst Ciencias Mar, Dept Oceanog Fis, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. RP Hanshaw, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 973,Menlo Pk, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mhanshaw@usgs.gov; s.lozier@duke.edu; jbp3@duke.edu RI Palter, Jaime/B-9484-2011 NR 14 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 AR L01601 DI 10.1029/2007GL031862 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 248UQ UT WOS:000252182900005 ER PT J AU Wallace, AR Perkins, ME Fleck, RJ AF Wallace, Alan R. Perkins, Michael E. Fleck, Robert J. TI Late Cenozoic paleogeographic evolution of northeastern Nevada: Evidence from the sedimentary basins SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Review DE sedimentary basins; tectonics; geomorphology; Nevada; Miocene; Pliocene; gold; Humboldt river ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; GOLD-SILVER DEPOSIT; EAST HUMBOLDT RANGE; NORTHERN NEVADA; YELLOWSTONE HOTSPOT; CARLIN TREND; GREAT-BASIN; SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA; MIOCENE AB Field and geochronologic studies of Neogene sedimentary basins in northeastern Nevada document the paleogeographic and geologic evolution of this region and the effects on major mineral deposits. The broad area that includes the four middle Miocene basins studied-Chimney, Ivanhoe, Carlin, and Elko, from west to east-was an upland that underwent prolonged middle Tertiary exposure and moderate erosion. All four basins began to retain sediments at ca. 16 Ma. Eruption of volcanic flows in the Chimney and Ivanhoe basins produced short-lived (ca. 2 Ma), lacustrine-dominated basins before the dams failed and the streams drained to the southwest. In contrast, early, high-angle, normal faulting induced fluvial to lacustrine sedimentation in the Carlin and Elko basins, and volcanic flows further blocked drainage in the Carlin basin until the basin drained at ca. 14.5 Ma. The Elko basin, with continued synsedimentary faulting, retained sediments until ca. 9.8 Ma and then drained west into the Carlin basin. Sediment buildup in all basins progressively buried existing highlands and created a subdued landscape. Relatively minor post-sedimentation extension produced early north-northwest-striking normal faults with variable amounts of offset, and later east-northeast-striking normal faults with up to several kilometers of vertical and left-lateral offset. The earlier faults are more pronounced east of the Tuscarora Mountains, possibly reflecting a hanging-wall influence related to uplift of the Ruby Mountains-East Humboldt core complex on the east side of the Elko basin. The later faults are concentrated along the north-northwest-trending northern Nevada rift west of the Tuscarora Mountains. The area west of the rift contains major tilted horsts and alluvium-filled grabens, and differential extension between this more highly extended region and the less extended area to the east produced the intervening east-northeast striking faults. The Humboldt River drainage system formed as the four basins became integrated after ca. 9.8 Ma. Flow was into northwestern Nevada, the site of active normal faulting and graben formation. This faulting lowered the base level of the river and induced substantial erosion in upstream regions. Erosion preferentially removed the poorly consolidated Miocene sediments, progressively reexposed the pre-middle Miocene highlands, and transported the sediments to downstream basins. Thus, some ranges in the upstream region are exhumed older highlands rather than newly formed horsts. In addition, the drainage system evolution indicates that northern Nevada has become progressively lower than central Nevada since the middle Miocene. Mineral belts with large Eocene gold deposits are exposed in uplands and concealed beneath Neogene basin units in the study area. Also, numerous epithermal hot-spring deposits formed at and near the paleosurface in the Chimney, Ivanhoe, and Carlin basins as those basins were forming. The Neogene geologic and landscape evolution had variable effects on all of these deposits, including uplift, weathering, supergene enrichment, erosion, and burial, depending on the events at any particular deposit. As such, this study documents the importance of evaluating post-mineralization processes at both regional and local scales when exploring for or evaluating the diverse mineral deposits in this area and other parts of the Basin and Range region. C1 [Wallace, Alan R.] Univ Nevada, Mackay Sch Earth Sci & Engn, US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Perkins, Michael E.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Fleck, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wallace, AR (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Mackay Sch Earth Sci & Engn, US Geol Survey, MS 176, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM alan@usgs.gov; perkins@earth.utah.edu; fleck@usgs.gov NR 110 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JAN PY 2008 VL 4 IS 1 BP 36 EP 74 DI 10.1130/GES00114.1 PG 39 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 256YL UT WOS:000252765700002 ER PT J AU John, DA Henry, CD Colgan, JP AF John, David A. Henry, Christopher D. Colgan, Joseph P. TI Magmatic and tectonic evolution of the Caetano caldera, north-central Nevada: A tilted, mid-Tertiary eruptive center and source of the Caetano Tuff SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE calderas; ash-flow tuff; magma resurgence; Basin and Range Province; extensional tectonics; Carlin-type gold deposit ID ASH-FLOW CALDERAS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; GOLD DEPOSITS; CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; GREAT-BASIN; GEOCHRONOLOGY; EXTENSION; MOUNTAIN; AMERICA AB The Caetano Tuff is a late Eocene, rhyolite ash-flow tuff that crops out within an similar to 90-km-long, east-west-trending belt in north-central Nevada, previously interpreted as an elongate graben or "volcano-tectonic trough." New field, petrographic, geochemical, and geochronologic data show that: (1) the east half of the "trough" is actually the Caetano caldera, formed by eruption of the Caetano Tuff at 33.8 Ma and later structurally dismembered during Miocene extension; (2) the west half of the trough includes both the distinctly younger and unrelated Fish Creek Mountains caldera (ca. 24.7 Ma) and a west-trending paleovalley partly filled with outflow Caetano Tuff; and (3) the Caetano Tuff as previously defined actually consists of three distinct units, two units of the 33.8 Ma Caetano Tuff and an older (34.2 Ma) tuff, exposed north of the Caetano caldera, herein named the tuff of Cove Mine. Miocene extensional faulting and tilting has exposed the Caetano caldera over a paleodepth range of >5 km, from the caldera floor through post-caldera sedimentary rocks, providing exceptional constraints on an evolutionary model of the caldera that are rarely available for other calderas. The Caetano caldera filled with more than 4 km of intracaldera Caetano Tuff, while outflow tuff flowed west and south of the caldera, primarily down Eocene paleovalleys. Caldera fill consists of two units of Caetano Tuff. The lower compound cooling unit is as much as 3600 m thick and is separated by a complete cooling break from a 500-1000-m-thick upper unit that consists of multiple, thin, ash flows interbedded with sedimentary deposits. Multiple granite porphyries, including the 25-km(2) Carico Lake pluton, intruded and domed the center of the caldera within 0.1 Ma of caldera formation; one of these porphyries is associated with pervasive argillic and advanced argillic alteration of the western half of the caldera. All exposed caldera-related rocks are rhyolites or granites (71-77.5 wt% SiO2). Caldera collapse was significantly greater than the thickness of caldera fill and created a topographic depression that served as a depocenter until at least 25 Ma, filling with nearly 1 km of sediments and distally derived, ash-flow tuffs. The caldera is presently exposed in a series of 40-50 degrees C, east-tilted blocks bounded by north-striking, west-dipping normal faults that formed after 16 Ma. Slip on these faults accommodated similar to 100% E-W extension, making the restored Caetano caldera similar to 20 km east-west by 10-18 km north-south. The estimated volume of intracaldera Caetano Tuff is, therefore, similar to 840 km(3), and the minimum estimated total eruptive volume is similar to 1100 km3. Although the Caetano magmatic system was probably too young to supply heat for nearby Carlin-type gold deposits in the Cortez district, earlier nearby magmatic activity may have contributed to formation of these deposits. Reconstruction of the late Eocene, pre-Caetano caldera geologic setting, immediately prior to caldera formation, indicates that the Cortez Hills and Horse Canyon Carlin-type deposits formed at <= 1 km depths. C1 [John, David A.; Colgan, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Henry, Christopher D.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP John, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Colgan, Joseph/0000-0001-6671-1436; John, David/0000-0001-7977-9106 NR 74 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JAN PY 2008 VL 4 IS 1 BP 75 EP 106 DI 10.1130/GES00116.1 PG 32 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 256YL UT WOS:000252765700003 ER PT J AU Colgan, JP John, DA Henry, CD Fleck, RJ AF Colgan, Joseph P. john, David A. Henry, Christopher D. Fleck, Robert J. TI Large-magnitude Miocene extension of the Eocene Caetano caldera, Shoshone and Toiyabe Ranges, Nevada SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Basin and Range Province; Miocene; extensional tectonics; calderas ID GREAT-BASIN; NORTHERN NEVADA; EASTERN BASIN; GOLD DEPOSITS; UNITED-STATES; DEBRIS-FLOW; GPS DATA; PROVINCE; AGE; MIDDLE AB Because major mineral deposits in north-central Nevada predate significant Basin and Range extension, a detailed understanding of the timing and kinematics of extensional faulting is necessary to place these deposits in their original structural context. The complexity of pre-Cenozoic deformation in northern Nevada makes restoring Basin and Range faulting difficult without locating well-dated, regionally extensive Cenozoic units that can be used to restore slip along normal faults. The goal of this study is to reconstruct extensional faulting in the Shoshone and northern Toiyabe Ranges by using Cenozoic rocks in and around the Caetano caldera, which formed ca. 33.8 Ma during eruption of the Caetano Tuff. The caldera filled with more than 4 km of intracaldera tuff during initial caldera-forming eruptions, and additional sedimentary and volcanic rocks subsequently filled the topographic depression left by the caldera collapse. These rocks are conformable over the interval 34-25 Ma, consistent with little, if any, extension during that time. The 34-25 Ma rocks were later cut by a set of closely spaced (1-3 km) normal faults that accommodated significant extension and foot-wall rotations of 40 degrees-50 degrees. Restored structural cross sections indicate that the present similar to 42 km (east-west) width of the Caetano caldera has been extended 110%, resulting in 22 +/- 3 km westward translation of the Fish Creek Mountains relative to the southern Cortez Range. Major normal faults mapped within the caldera continue south and north along strike into the surrounding Paleozoic basement rocks; therefore it is likely that parts of surrounding areas are also significantly extended. Miocene (16-12 Ma) sedimentary rocks in the hanging walls of major normal faults include both fluvial/lacustrine facies and coarser alluvial fan deposits. Where exposed, the bases of the Miocene sedimentary sections are in angular conformity with underlying similar to 40 degrees E tilted 34-25 Ma volcanic and sedimentary rocks. The distribution, composition, and geometry of these deposits are best explained by accumulation in a set of half-graben basins that formed in response to slip on basin-bounding faults. Extension thus appears to have taken place in the middle Miocene, beginning at or shortly after 16 Ma, and was mostly completed by 10-12 Ma. Fault blocks and basins formed during middle Miocene extension are cut by younger, more widely spaced, high-angle normal faults that began forming more recently than 10-12 Ma. These faults outline the modern basins and ranges in the study area and some have remained active into the Holocene. C1 [Colgan, Joseph P.; john, David A.; Fleck, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Henry, Christopher D.] Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Colgan, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jcolgan@usgs.gov OI Colgan, Joseph/0000-0001-6671-1436; John, David/0000-0001-7977-9106 NR 62 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JAN PY 2008 VL 4 IS 1 BP 107 EP 130 DI 10.1130/GES00115.1 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 256YL UT WOS:000252765700004 ER PT J AU Steltenpohl, MG Mueller, PM Heatherington, AL Hanley, TB Wooden, JL AF Steltenpohl, Mark G. Mueller, Paul M. Heatherington, Ann L. Hanley, Thomas B. Wooden, Joseph L. TI Gondwanan/peri-Gondwanan origin for the Uchee terrane, Alabama and Georgia: Carolina zone or Suwannee terrane(?) and its suture with Grenvillian basement of the Pine Mountain window SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Uchee terrane; Carolina zone; Gondwana; peri-Gondwana; southern Appalachians ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; COASTAL-PLAIN; ALLEGHANIAN DEVELOPMENT; INNER PIEDMONT; FAULT ZONE; CONSTRAINTS; KINEMATICS; BOUNDARY; HISTORY; BENEATH AB The poorly known, suspect, Uchee terrane occupies a critical tectonic position with regard to how and when peri-Gondwanan (Carolina) and Gondwanan (Suwannee) terranes were sutured to Laurentia. It lies sandwiched between Laurentian(?) continental basement exposed in the Pine Mountain window and adjacent buried Gondwanan crust of the Suwannee terrane. The Uchee terrane has been proposed as both a septum of Piedmont rocks that once was continuous across the erosionally breached Pine Mountain window or part of the Carolina zone. To help resolve this issue, we conducted U-Pb (SHRIMP-RG) (sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry) zircon studies and whole-rock isotopic analyses of principal metasedimentary and metaplutonic units. U-Pb ages for zircons from the Phenix City Gneiss suggest igneous crystallization at ca. 620 Ma, inheritance ca. 1000 to ca. 1700 Ma, and a ca. 300 Ma (Alleghanian) overprint recorded by zircon rims. Zircons from the metasedimentary/metavolcaniclastic Moffits Mill Schist yield bimodal dates at ca. 620 and 640 Ma. The 620 to 640 Ma dates make these rocks age-equivalent to the oldest parts of the Carolina slate belt (Virgilina and Savannah River) and strongly suggest a Gondwanan (Pan-African and/or Trans-Brasiliano) origin for the Uchee terrane. Alternatively, the Uchee terrane may be correlative with metamorphic basement of the Suwannee terrane. The ca. 300 Ma overgrowths on zircons are compatible with previously reported 295 to 288 Ma Ar-40/Ar-39 hornblende dates on Uchee terrane rocks, which were interpreted to indicate deep tectonic burial of the Uchee terrane contemporaneous with the Alleghanian orogeny recorded in the foreland. Temperature-time paths for the Uchee terrane are similar to that of the Pine Mountain terrane, indicating a minimum age of ca. 295 Ma for docking. In terms of tectono-metamorphic history of the Uchee terrane, it is important to note that no evidence for intermediate "Appalachian" dates (e. g., Acadian or Taconian) has been reported. This younger history, together with the ages of metaigneous rocks and evidence for pre-Grenville basement, suggests the Uchee terrane is likely of Gondwanan origin and may be related to Carolina zone terranes that accreted during the Alleghanian orogeny. C1 [Steltenpohl, Mark G.] Auburn Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Mueller, Paul M.; Heatherington, Ann L.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hanley, Thomas B.] Columbus State Univ, Dept Chem & Geol, Columbus, GA 31907 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Steltenpohl, MG (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. OI Mueller, Paul/0000-0003-2608-193X NR 90 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JAN PY 2008 VL 4 IS 1 BP 131 EP 144 DI 10.1130/GES00079.1 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 256YL UT WOS:000252765700005 ER PT J AU Ponce, DA Glen, JMG AF Ponce, D. A. Glen, J. M. G. TI A prominent geophysical feature along the northern Nevada rift and its geologic implications, north-central Nevada SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE gravity and magnetic anomalies; northern Nevada rift; epithermal gold deposits; Battle Mountain-Eureka mineral trend; Basin and Range; Nevada ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LARGE-SCALE FRACTURES; GOLD DEPOSITS; CRUSTAL STRUCTURES; GREAT-BASIN; GRAVITY; ANOMALIES; CONSTRAINTS; GENESIS; CANYON AB We consider the origin and character of a prominent large-scale geophysical feature in north-central Nevada that is coincident with the western margin of the northern Nevada rift-a mid-Miocene rift that includes mafic dike swarms and associated volcanic rocks expressed by a NNW-striking magnetic anomaly. The geophysical feature also correlates with mid-Miocene epithermal gold deposits and is coincident with the central part of the Battle Mountain-Eureka mineral trend. The Reese River Valley, a 2-km-deep Cenozoic basin, is located along the western margin of this feature and is inferred from the inversion of gravity data to be influenced by, and perhaps in part structurally controlled by, the geophysical feature. Geophysical modeling indicates that the source of the geophysical anomaly must extend to mid-crustal depths, perhaps reflecting a transition from Paleozoic crust in the southwest to Precambrian crust in the northeast, the presence of felsic intrusive rocks in the middle crust, or the edge of mid- to sub-crustal mafic intrusions related to late Tertiary magmatic underplating associated with hotspot magmatism. These cases offer very different possibilities for the age, depth, and origin of the source of the geophysical anomaly, and they present distinct implications for crustal evolution in the northern Great Basin. For example, if the anomaly is due to a pre-Cenozoic basement structure, then its coincidence with the mid-Miocene northern Nevada rift suggests that the trend of the rift was guided by the preexisting crustal structure. On the other hand, if the anomaly is related to Tertiary mafic intrusions, then the western limit of this magmatism may have been influenced by hotspot fracturing of the crust. C1 [Ponce, D. A.; Glen, J. M. G.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ponce, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ponce@usgs.gov; jglen@usgs.gov NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JAN PY 2008 VL 4 IS 1 BP 207 EP 217 DI 10.1130/GES00117.1 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 256YL UT WOS:000252765700010 ER PT J AU Rockwell, BW Hofstra, AH AF Rockwell, Barnaby W. Hofstra, Albert H. TI Identification of quartz and carbonate minerals across northern Nevada using ASTER thermal infrared emissivity data - Implications for geologic mapping and mineral resource investigations in well-studied and frontier areas SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; ASTER; thermal infrared; quartz; carbonate ID REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; IMAGING SPECTROMETER DATA; PARADISE-PEAK; UNITED-STATES; GOLD; AUSTRALIA; DEPOSITS; IMAGES; ALGORITHM; EXTENSION AB ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) thermal infrared imagery over a 389 km x 387 km area in northern Nevada (38.5 degrees-42 degrees N, 114 degrees-118.5 degrees W) was analyzed to evaluate its capability for accurate and cost-effective identification and mapping of quartz and carbonate minerals at regional to local scales. The geology of this area has been mapped at a wide range of scales and includes a diversity of rock types and unconsolidated surficial materials, many of which are composed primarily of quartz and carbonate minerals. This area is also endowed with a wide variety of economically and scientifically important ore deposit types that contain an array of commodities (Au, Ag, Pb, Zn, Cu, Mo, W, Sn, Be, F, Mn, Fe, Sb, Hg, and barite). The hydrothermal systems that generated these deposits frequently deposited large amounts of quartz where fluids cool, and generally smaller amounts of calcite or dolomite by other mechanisms. To identify and map quartz and carbonate minerals, band ratioing techniques were developed based on the shapes of laboratory reference spectra and applied to ASTER Level 2 surface emissivity products of 108 overlapping scenes. These mineral maps were mosaicked into a single coverage that was overlain with published, vector-format geologic maps of various scales to determine which geologic terranes, formations, and geomorphic features correspond to identified quartz or carbonate. Where quartz or carbonate minerals were mapped in rocks composed primarily of other minerals, they were inferred to be hydrothermal in origin and compared to known occurrences of hydrothermal alteration and mineralization. The ASTER-based quartz mapping identified thick sequences of quartzite, bedded radiolarian chert, quartz sandstone, conglomerates with clasts of quartzite and chert, silicic and/or altered rhyolites, and silicic welded tuffs. Alluvial fan surfaces, sand dunes, and beach deposits composed of quartz and/or carbonate are prominent, well-mapped features. Quartz was also identified in smaller bodies of jasperoid, quartz-alunite, and quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration, hot spring silica sinter terraces, and several diatomite and perlite mines and prospects. The ASTER-based carbonate mapping identified thick sequences of dolomite, limestone, and marble, as well as small hot spring travertine deposits. Eolian carbonate was identified in several playas. Dolomite exhibited a stronger carbonate response than calcite, as predicted based on their thermal spectral characteristics. Quartz was detected at lower concentrations than carbonates because of the greater strength of the quartz reststrahlen features in the thermal infrared compared to the bending-related spectral features of carbonates. The 90 m ground pixel size of the ASTER thermal imagery prevents the identification of small-scale features. Despite this limitation, numerous bodies of hydrothermal quartz were detected in or near known Carlin-type gold deposits, distal disseminated Au-Ag deposits, high- and low-sulfidation epithermal Au-Ag deposits, and geothermal areas. Detection of hydrothermal carbonate was rare and mainly in geothermal areas. The ASTER-based thermal quartz and carbonate mapping demonstrated here can be used in well-studied or frontier areas to verify the accuracy of existing geologic maps, guide future detailed stratigraphic and structural mapping in lithologically complex terranes and allochthons, and identify hydrothermal features for exploration and resource assessment purposes. C1 [Rockwell, Barnaby W.; Hofstra, Albert H.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rockwell, BW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM barnabyr@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 35 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JAN PY 2008 VL 4 IS 1 BP 218 EP 246 DI 10.1130/GES00126.1 PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 256YL UT WOS:000252765700011 ER PT J AU Brown, JF Wardlow, BD Tadesse, T Hayes, MJ Reed, BC AF Brown, Jesslyn F. Wardlow, Brian D. Tadesse, Tsegaye Hayes, Michael J. Reed, Bradley C. TI The Vegetation Drought Response Index (VegDRI): A new integrated approach for monitoring drought stress in vegetation SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; COVER CHARACTERISTICS DATABASE; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; NOAA AVHRR DATA; SATELLITE DATA; TIME-SERIES; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; SEVERITY INDEX AB The development of new tools that provide timely, detailed-spatial-resolution drought information is essential for improving drought preparedness and response. This paper presents a new method for monitoring drought-induced vegetation stress called the Vegetation Drought Response Index (VegDRI). VegDRI integrates traditional climate-based drought indicators and satellite-derived vegetation index metrics with other biophysical information to produce a 1 km map of drought conditions that can be produced in near-real time. The initial VegDRI map results for a 2002 case study conducted across seven states in the north-central United States illustrates the utility of VegDRI for improved large-area drought monitoring. C1 [Brown, Jesslyn F.] SAIC, USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wardlow, Brian D.; Tadesse, Tsegaye; Hayes, Michael J.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Reed, Bradley C.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff Field Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Brown, JF (reprint author), SAIC, USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM jfbrown@usgs.gov RI Brown, Jesslyn/C-9888-2010; Tadesse, Tsegaye/O-7792-2015; OI Tadesse, Tsegaye/0000-0002-4102-1137; Brown, Jesslyn/0000-0002-9976-1998 NR 97 TC 113 Z9 122 U1 13 U2 64 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 1548-1603 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 16 EP 46 DI 10.2747/1548-1603.45.1.16 PG 31 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 270EI UT WOS:000253702700002 ER PT J AU Rutledge, A AF Rutledge, Al TI Update on the use of the RORA program for recharge estimation - Reply SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Rutledge, Al] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Rutledge, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 433 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM rutledgealbert@gmail.com NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 11 EP 12 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 244IX UT WOS:000251860700004 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, N AF Sepulveda, Nicasio TI Three-dimensional flow in the storative semiconfining layers of a leaky aquifer SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID LARGE-DIAMETER; WELL; SYSTEMS AB An analytical solution for three-dimensional (3D) flow in the storative semiconfining layers of a leaky aquifer fully penetrated by a production well is developed in this article to provide a method from which accurate hydraulic parameters in the semiconfining layers can be derived from aquifer test data. The analysis of synthetic aquifer test data with the 3D analytical solution in the semiconfining layers provided more accurate optimal hydraulic parameters than those derived using the available quasi-two-dimensional (2D) solution. Differences between the 3D and 2D flow solutions in the semiconfining layers become larger when a no flow boundary condition is imposed at either at the top of the upper semiconfining layer or at the bottom of the lower semiconfining layer or when the hydraulic conductivity ratio of the semiconfining layer to the aquifer is larger than 0.001. In addition, differences between the 3D and 2D flow solutions in the semiconfining layers are illustrated when the thickness ratio of the semiconfining layer to the aquifer is changed. Analysis of water level data from two hypothetical and one real aquifer test showed that the 3D solution in the semiconfining layers provides lower correlation coefficients among hydraulic parameters than the 2D solution. C1 [Sepulveda, Nicasio] US Geol Survey, FISC, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Sepulveda, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, FISC, 12703 Res Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM nsepul@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 144 EP 155 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00361.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 244IX UT WOS:000251860700018 PM 18181873 ER PT J AU Hughes, JD Liu, J AF Hughes, Joseph D. Liu, Jie TI MIKE SHE: Software for Integrated Surface Water/Ground Water Modeling SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article C1 [Hughes, Joseph D.] US Geol Survey, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Liu, Jie] Peking Univ, Coll Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Hughes, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 10500 Univ Ctr Dr,Suite 215, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM jdhughes@usgs.gov; jliu@coe.pku.edu.cn RI Liu, Jie/D-1123-2012; OI Hughes, Joseph/0000-0003-1311-2354 NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PY 2008 VL 46 IS 6 BP 797 EP 802 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00500.x PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 364LB UT WOS:000260336100005 ER PT B AU Allred, BJ Ehsani, MR Daniels, JJ AF Allred, Barry J. Ehsani, M. Reza Daniels, Jeffrey J. BE Allred, BJ Daniels, JJ Ehsani, MR TI General Considerations for Geophysical Methods Applied to Agriculture SO HANDBOOK OF AGRICULTURAL GEOPHYSICS SE Books in Soils Plants and the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION MEASUREMENTS; WATER-CONTENT; RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MOISTURE CONTENT; DRAINAGE PIPES; SALINITY; RESISTIVITY C1 [Allred, Barry J.] ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. [Allred, Barry J.; Ehsani, M. Reza] Ohio State Univ, Food Agr & Biol Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Daniels, Jeffrey J.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Daniels, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ehsani, M. Reza] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Allred, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-8493-3728-4 J9 BOOKS SOIL PLANT ENV PY 2008 BP 3 EP 16 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BKI52 UT WOS:000268213600001 ER PT B AU Allred, BJ Groom, D Ehsani, MR Daniels, JJ AF Allred, Barry J. Groom, Douglas Ehsani, M. Reza Daniels, Jeffrey J. BE Allred, BJ Daniels, JJ Ehsani, MR TI Resistivity Methods SO HANDBOOK OF AGRICULTURAL GEOPHYSICS SE Books in Soils Plants and the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; SALINITY C1 [Allred, Barry J.] ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. [Allred, Barry J.; Ehsani, M. Reza] Ohio State Univ, Food Agr & Biol Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Daniels, Jeffrey J.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Daniels, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ehsani, M. Reza] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Groom, Douglas] Geometric Inc, GeoElect Sales, San Jose, CA USA. RP Allred, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-8493-3728-4 J9 BOOKS SOIL PLANT ENV PY 2008 BP 85 EP 108 PG 24 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BKI52 UT WOS:000268213600005 ER PT B AU Daniels, JJ Vendl, M Ehsani, MR Allred, BJ AF Daniels, Jeffrey J. Vendl, Mark Ehsani, M. Reza Allred, Barry J. BE Allred, BJ Daniels, JJ Ehsani, MR TI Electromagnetic Induction Methods SO HANDBOOK OF AGRICULTURAL GEOPHYSICS SE Books in Soils Plants and the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Daniels, Jeffrey J.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Daniels, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ehsani, M. Reza] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ehsani, M. Reza; Allred, Barry J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Allred, Barry J.] ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. [Vendl, Mark] US EPA, Chicago, IL USA. RP Daniels, JJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-8493-3728-4 J9 BOOKS SOIL PLANT ENV PY 2008 BP 109 EP 128 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BKI52 UT WOS:000268213600006 ER PT B AU Daniels, J Ehsani, MR Allred, BJ AF Daniels, Jeffrey Ehsani, M. Reza Allred, Barry J. BE Allred, BJ Daniels, JJ Ehsani, MR TI Ground-Penetrating Radar Methods (GPR) SO HANDBOOK OF AGRICULTURAL GEOPHYSICS SE Books in Soils Plants and the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Daniels, Jeffrey] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Daniels, Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ehsani, M. Reza] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ehsani, M. Reza; Allred, Barry J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Allred, Barry J.] ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. RP Daniels, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-8493-3728-4 J9 BOOKS SOIL PLANT ENV PY 2008 BP 129 EP 145 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BKI52 UT WOS:000268213600007 ER PT B AU Allred, BJ Rogers, M Ehsani, MR Daniels, JJ AF Allred, Barry J. Rogers, Michael Ehsani, M. Reza Daniels, Jeffrey J. BE Allred, BJ Daniels, JJ Ehsani, MR TI Magnetometry, Self-Potential, and Seismic Additional Geophysical Methods Having Potentially Significant Future Use in Agriculture SO HANDBOOK OF AGRICULTURAL GEOPHYSICS SE Books in Soils Plants and the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DRAINAGE PIPES; SOILS C1 [Allred, Barry J.] ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. [Allred, Barry J.; Ehsani, M. Reza] Ohio State Univ, Food Agr & Biol Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Daniels, Jeffrey J.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Daniels, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ehsani, M. Reza] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Rogers, Michael] Ithaca Coll, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Allred, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-8493-3728-4 J9 BOOKS SOIL PLANT ENV PY 2008 BP 147 EP 162 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BKI52 UT WOS:000268213600008 ER PT B AU Allred, BJ Daniels, JJ AF Allred, Barry J. Daniels, Jeffrey J. BE Allred, BJ Daniels, JJ Ehsani, MR TI Agricultural Drainage Pipe Detection Using Ground-Penetrating Radar SO HANDBOOK OF AGRICULTURAL GEOPHYSICS SE Books in Soils Plants and the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Allred, Barry J.] ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. [Allred, Barry J.] Ohio State Univ, Food Agr & Biol Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Allred, Barry J.] ConocoPhillips Inc, Houston, TX USA. [Daniels, Jeffrey J.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Daniels, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Allred, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-8493-3728-4 J9 BOOKS SOIL PLANT ENV PY 2008 BP 363 EP 374 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BKI52 UT WOS:000268213600029 ER PT J AU Harris, R Cecil, CB Dulong, FT Nugroho, H AF Harris, Ron Cecil, C. Blaine Dulong, Frank T. Nugroho, Hendro TI Is Sediment Discharge Controlled More by Climate or Tectonics? Studies of Suspended and Dissolved Loads from Rivers in Active Orogens of Indonesia SO HIMALAYAN GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Mountain Building and Climate-Tectonic Interaction CY OCT 23-25, 2008 CL Dehradun, INDIA SP Wadia Inst Himalayan Geol C1 [Harris, Ron; Nugroho, Hendro] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Cecil, C. Blaine; Dulong, Frank T.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Harris, R (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM ron_harris@byu.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WADIA INST HIMALAYAN GEOLOGY PI DEHRA DUN PA 33 GENERAL MAHADEO SINGH RD, DEHRA DUN, 248 001, INDIA SN 0971-8966 J9 HIMAL GEOL JI Himal. Geol. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 3 BP 32 EP 33 PG 2 WC Geology SC Geology GA 375MZ UT WOS:000261119300029 ER PT S AU Hough, SE AF Hough, S. E. BE Frechet, J Meghraoui, M Stucchi, M TI Large 19th Century Earthquakes in Eastern/Central North America: A Comparative Analysis SO HISTORICAL SEISMOLOGY: INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES OF PAST AND RECENT EARTHQUAKES SE Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Historical Seismology - From the Archive to the Waveform CY SEP, 2005 CL Inst Globe Phys, Strasbourg, FRANCE HO Inst Globe Phys ID MADRID SEISMIC ZONE; STABLE CONTINENTAL REGIONS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; 7.6 BHUJ; DEFORMATION; MAGNITUDES; CHARLESTON; INTENSITIES; AFTERSHOCKS; LOCATIONS AB Foreword For the understanding of seismogenesis as well as seismic hazard assessment in the North American mid-continent, two historical events are of paramount importance: the 1811-1812 New Madrid, central U.S,. sequence and the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina earthquake. Published estimates of magnitudes of the four principal New Madrid earthquakes have ranged from M similar to 7-8.75. In contrast, published estimates of the magnitude of the Charleston earthquake have almost all been within a range of Mw6.8-7.3. Upon cursory inspection, the macroseismic effects of the New Madrid mainshocks appear to be more severe at regional distances than those of the Charleston mainshock. I compare the intensity distributions more carefully, focusing on key indicators rather than the poorly constrained overall distribution of intensities. I conclude that the primary difference between the intensity distributions of the Charleston and New Madrid earthquakes is that the former has much better sampling, in particular of the low intensity field. These results suggest that the largest New Madrid mainshocks were not substantially larger than the Charleston earthquake. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-1682 BN 978-1-4020-8221-4 J9 MOD APPR SOL EARTH S PY 2008 VL 2 BP 351 EP 367 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BIO31 UT WOS:000261332100017 ER PT S AU Lee, WHK Benson, RB AF Lee, W. H. K. Benson, R. B. BE Frechet, J Meghraoui, M Stucchi, M TI Making Non-Digitally-Recorded Seismograms Accessible Online for Studying Earthquakes SO HISTORICAL SEISMOLOGY: INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES OF PAST AND RECENT EARTHQUAKES SE Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Historical Seismology - From the Archive to the Waveform CY SEP, 2005 CL Inst Globe Phys, Strasbourg, FRANCE HO Inst Globe Phys AB Foreword Instrumental observations of earthquakes using the available technology at different times have been carried out over the past 120 years at either single seismic stations or networks of various sizes, from local to global scales. Before the 1980s, almost all seismograms were recorded on paper or photographic medium. Due to wars or neglects, many of these analog (or non-digitally recorded) seismograms had been lost, or are deteriorating and disappearing in a rapid rate. This article is intended to summarize the authors' efforts to rescue and preserve seismograms, and to post non-digitally recorded seismograms and related research materials online for free access by anyone, anywhere. We also included some background information about observational seismology and constructions of online archives of old seismograms by others. C1 [Lee, W. H. K.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lee, WHK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM lee@usgs.gov RI GEOFON, GlobalSeismicNetwork/E-4273-2012 NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-1682 BN 978-1-4020-8221-4 J9 MOD APPR SOL EARTH S PY 2008 VL 2 BP 403 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8222-1_20 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BIO31 UT WOS:000261332100020 ER PT J AU Hare, L Tessier, A Croteau, MN AF Hare, Landis Tessier, Andre Croteau, Marie-Noele TI A biomonitor for tracking changes in the availability of lakewater cadmium over space and time SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE metal; Cd; bioaccumulation; biomonitor; ERA; lakes ID AQUATIC INSECT CHAOBORUS; TRACE-METALS; CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON; CD BIOACCUMULATION; PYGANODON-GRANDIS; HYALELLA-AZTECA; RISK-ASSESSMENT; ZINC UPTAKE; LAKES; WATER AB Determining the exposure of organisms to contaminants is a key component of Ecological Risk Assessments (ERAs). Effective estimates of exposure consider not only the total concentrations of contaminants in an organism's surroundings but also the availability of the contaminants to organisms. Contaminant availability can be inferred from mechanistic models and verified by measurements of contaminant concentrations in organisms. We evaluated the widespread lake-dwelling insect Chaoborus as a potential biomonitor for use in exposure assessments for three metals: cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). We show that larvae of this midge maintain constant their concentrations of the essential metals Cu and Zn and thus cannot be used to monitor them. In contrast, larval Cd concentrations varied widely both among lakes and in a given lake over time. We were able to relate these variations in biomonitor Cd to changes in lakewater Cd and pH using the Free Ion Activity Model (FIAM). Our results suggest that Chaoborus larvae could be used as an effective tool for estimating the Cd exposure of organisms in lakes for the purposes of ERAs. C1 [Hare, Landis; Tessier, Andre] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Croteau, Marie-Noele] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Hare, L (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 490 Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM landis@ete.inrs.ca NR 52 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2008 VL 14 IS 2 BP 229 EP 242 DI 10.1080/10807030801934838 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 287WG UT WOS:000254946600002 ER PT J AU Corbett, DG Causey, D Clementz, M Koch, PL Doroff, A Lefevre, C West, D AF Corbett, Debra G. Causey, Douglas Clementz, Mark Koch, Paul L. Doroff, Angela Lefevre, Christine West, Dixie BE Rick, TC Erlandson, JM TI Aleut Hunters, Sea Otters, and Sea Cows THREE THOUSAND YEARS OF INTERACTIONS IN THE WESTERN ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, ALASKA SO HUMAN IMPACTS ON ANCIENT MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AMCHITKA ISLAND; BULDIR ISLAND; BERING-SEA; POPULATIONS; ECOSYSTEMS; MILLENNIA; SITE C1 [Corbett, Debra G.; Doroff, Angela] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Causey, Douglas] Univ Alaska, Anchorage, AK USA. [Clementz, Mark] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Koch, Paul L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Lefevre, Christine] Museum Natl Hist Nat, F-75231 Paris, France. [West, Dixie] Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [West, Dixie] Univ Kansas, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Corbett, DG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 112 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-93429-0 PY 2008 BP 43 EP 75 PG 33 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Ecology SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BXD72 UT WOS:000295825300004 ER PT J AU Rick, TC Erlandson, JM Braje, TJ Estes, JA Graham, MH Vellanoweth, RL AF Rick, Torben C. Erlandson, Jon M. Braje, Todd J. Estes, James A. Graham, Michael H. Vellanoweth, Rene L. BE Rick, TC Erlandson, JM TI Historical Ecology and Human Impacts on Coastal Ecosystems of the Santa Barbara Channel Region, California SO HUMAN IMPACTS ON ANCIENT MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NORTH-AMERICA; MARITIME ADAPTATIONS; RESOURCE DEPRESSION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MIGUEL ISLAND; SEA OTTERS; DAISY CAVE; FOOD WEBS; COMMUNITIES C1 [Rick, Torben C.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Anthropol, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Erlandson, Jon M.; Braje, Todd J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Anthropol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Erlandson, Jon M.] Univ Oregon, Museum Nat & Cultural Hist, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Estes, James A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Graham, Michael H.] Moss Landing Marine Lab, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Vellanoweth, Rene L.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Rick, TC (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Dept Anthropol, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. OI Erlandson, Jon/0000-0002-4705-4319 NR 131 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 15 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-93429-0 PY 2008 BP 77 EP 101 PG 25 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Ecology SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BXD72 UT WOS:000295825300005 ER PT J AU Leavesley, GH Markstrom, SL Viger, RJ Hay, LE AF Leavesley, G. H. Markstrom, S. L. Viger, R. J. Hay, L. E. BA Wheater, H Sorooshian, S Sharma, KD BF Wheater, H Sorooshian, S Sharma, KD TI The Modular Modelling System (MMS): a toolbox for water- and environmental-resources management SO HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID AREAS SE International Hydrology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SCENARIOS; OUTPUT C1 [Leavesley, G. H.; Markstrom, S. L.; Viger, R. J.; Hay, L. E.] USGS, WRD, Denver, CO USA. RP Leavesley, GH (reprint author), USGS, WRD, Denver, CO USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-86918-8 J9 INT HYDROL SER PY 2008 BP 87 EP 97 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BAO83 UT WOS:000304923900008 ER PT J AU Winter, TC Buso, DC Shattuck, PC Harte, PT Vroblesky, DA Goode, DJ AF Winter, Thomas C. Buso, Donald C. Shattuck, Patricia C. Harte, Phillip T. Vroblesky, Donald A. Goode, Daniel J. TI The effect of terrace geology on ground-water movement and on the interaction of ground water and surface water on a mountainside near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE ground-water flow; stream-flow; stream sediments; mountain hydrology; base-flow; ground-water chemistry ID RECHARGE; FLOW; HYDROGRAPHS AB The west watershed of Mirror Lake in the White Mountains of New Hampshire contains several terraces that are at different altitudes and have different geologic compositions. The lowest terrace (FSE) has 5 m of sand overlying 9 m of till. The two next successively higher terraces (FS2 and FS1) consist entirely of sand and have maximum thicknesses of about 7 m. A fourth, and highest, terrace (FS3) lies in the north-west watershed directly adjacent to the west watershed. This highest terrace has 2 in of sand overlying 8 m of till. All terraces overlie fractured crystalline bedrock. Numerical models of hypothetical settings simulating ground-water flow in a mountainside indicated that the presence of a terrace can cause local ground-water flow cells to develop, and that the flow patterns differ based on the geologic composition of the terrace. For example, more ground water moves from the bedrock to the glacial deposits beneath terraces consisting completely of sand than beneath terraces that have sand underlain by till. Field data from Mirror Lake watersheds corroborate the numerical experiments. The geology of the terraces also affects how the stream draining the west watershed interacts with ground water. The stream turns part way down the mountainside and passes between the two sand terraces, essentially transecting the movement of ground water down the valley side. Transects of water-table wells were installed across the stream's riparian zone above, between, and below the sand terraces. Head data from these wells indicated that the stream gains ground water on both sides above and below the sand terraces. However, where it flows between the sand terraces the stream gains ground water on its uphill side and loses water on its downhill side. Biogeochemical processes in the riparian zone of the flow-through reach have resulted in anoxic ground water beneath the lower sand terrace. Results of this study indicate that it is useful to understand patterns of ground-water flow in order to fully understand the flow and chemical characteristics of both ground water and surface water in mountainous terrain. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Winter, Thomas C.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Buso, Donald C.] Inst Ecosyst Studies, Campton, NH 03223 USA. [Shattuck, Patricia C.] ENRS Int, Gilford, NH 03249 USA. [Harte, Phillip T.] US Geol Survey, Pembroke, NH USA. [Vroblesky, Donald A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC USA. [Goode, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, Exton, PA USA. RP Winter, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM tcwinter@usgs.gov OI Goode, Daniel/0000-0002-8527-2456 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1002/hyp.6593 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 253VD UT WOS:000252544800003 ER PT J AU Christopher, SF Mitchell, MJ McHale, MR Boyer, EW Burns, DA Kendall, C AF Christopher, Sheila F. Mitchell, Myron J. McHale, Michael R. Boyer, Elizabeth W. Burns, Douglas A. Kendall, Carol TI Factors controlling nitrogen release from two forested catchments with contrasting hydrochemical responses SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE catchment; nitrate; hydrology; storms; hydrograph; isotopes ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; HIGH-ELEVATION CATCHMENTS; NEW-YORK; UNITED-STATES; PRECAMBRIAN SHIELD; ADIRONDACK REGION; NORTHEASTERN USA; NITRATE RELEASE; STREAM WATER AB Quantifying biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen (N) and the associated fluxes to surface waters remains challenging, given the need to deal wish spatial and temporal variability and to characterize complex and heterogeneous landscapes. We focused our study on catchments S14 and S15 located in the Adirondack Mountains of New York, USA, which have similar topographic and hydrologic characteristics but Contrasting stream nitrate (NO(3)(-)) concentrations. We characterized the mechanisms by which NO(3)(-) reaches the streams during hydrological events in these catchments, aiming to reconcile our field data with our conceptual model of factors that regulate nutrient exports from forested catchments. Combined hydrometric, chemical and isotopic (delta(18)O-H(2)O) data showed that the relative contributions of both soil and ground water sources were similar between the two catchments. Temporal patterns of stream chemistry were markedly different between S14 and S15, however, because the water sources in the two catchments have different solute concentrations. During late summer/fall, the largest source of NO(3)(-) in S14 was till groundwater. whereas shallow soil was the largest NO(3)(-) source in S15. NO(3)(-) concentrations in surface water decreased in S14. whereas they increased in S15 because an increasing proportion of stream flow was derived from shallow soil sources. During snowmelt, the largest sources of NO(3)(-) were in the near-surface soil in both catchments. Concentrations of NO(3)(-) increased as stream discharge increased and usually peaked before peak discharge, when shallow soil water sources made the largest contribution to stream discharge. The timing of peaks in stream NO(3)(-) concentrations was affected by antecedent moisture conditions. By elucidating the factors that affect sources and transport of N, including differences in the soil nutrient cycling and hydrological characteristics of S14 and S15, this study contributes to the overall conceptualization of NO(3)(-) release front temperate forested catchments. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Christopher, Sheila F.; Mitchell, Myron J.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [McHale, Michael R.; Burns, Douglas A.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Boyer, Elizabeth W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kendall, Carol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Christopher, SF (reprint author), SUNY Coll Buffalo, Great Lakes Ctr, 1300 Elmwood Ave,Classroom Bldg,C215, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. EM christsf@buffalostate.edu RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009; Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013 NR 64 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 7 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 46 EP 62 DI 10.1002/hyp.6632 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 253VD UT WOS:000252544800005 ER PT J AU Nicholson, PD Hedman, MM Clark, RN Showalter, MR Cruikshank, DP Cuzzi, JN Filacchione, G Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Hansen, GB Sicardy, B Drossart, P Brown, RH Buratti, BJ Baines, KH Coradini, A AF Nicholson, Philip D. Hedman, Matthew M. Clark, Roger N. Showalter, Mark R. Cruikshank, Dale P. Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. Filacchione, Gianrico Capaccioni, Fabrizio Cerroni, Priscilla Hansen, Gary B. Sicardy, Bruno Drossart, Pierre Brown, Robert H. Buratti, Bonnie J. Baines, Kevin H. Coradini, Angioletta TI A close look at Saturn's rings with Cassini VIMS SO ICARUS LA English DT Review DE planetary rings; Saturn, rings; infrared observations ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; VOYAGER-1 RADIO OCCULTATION; MAPPING SPECTROMETER VIMS; DENSE PLANETARY RINGS; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; BALLISTIC TRANSPORT; B-RING; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; STELLAR OCCULTATION AB Soon after the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft entered orbit about Saturn on 1 July 2004, its Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer obtained two continuous spectral scans across the rings, covering the wavelength range 0.35-5.1 mu m, at a spatial resolution of 15-25 km. The first scan covers the outer C and inner B rings, while the second covers the Cassini Division and the entire A ring. Comparisons of the VIMS radial reflectance profile at 1.08 mu m with similar profiles at a wavelength of 0.45 mu m assembled from Voyager images show very little change in ring structure over the intervening 24 years, with the exception of a few features already known to be noncircular. A model for single-scattering by a classical, many-particle-thick slab of material with normal optical depths derived from the Voyager photopolarimeter stellar occultation is found to provide an excellent fit to the observed VIMS reflectance profiles for the C ring and Cassini Division, and an acceptable fit for the inner B ring. The A ring deviates significantly from such a model, consistent with previous suggestions that this region may be closer to a monolayer. An additional complication here is the azimuthally-variable average optical depth associated with "self-gravity wakes" in this region and the fact that much of the A ring may be a mixture of almost opaque wakes and relatively transparent interwake zones. Consistently with previous studies, we find that the near-infrared spectra of all main ring regions are dominated by water ice, with a typical regolith grain radius of 5-20 mu m, while the steep decrease in visual reflectance shortward of 0.6 mu m is suggestive of an organic contaminant, perhaps tholin-like. Although no materials other than H2O ice have been identified with any certainty in the VIMS spectra of the rings, significant radial variations are seen in the strength of the water-ice absorption bands. Across the boundary between the C and B rings, over a radial range of similar to 7000 km, the near-IR band depths strengthen considerably. A very similar pattern is seen across the outer half of the Cassini Division and into the inner A ring, accompanied by a steepening of the red slope in the visible spectrum shortward of 0.55 mu m. We attribute these trends-as well as smaller-scale variations associated with strong density waves in the A ring-to differing grain sizes in the tholin-contaminated icy regolith that covers the surfaces of the decimeter-to-meter sized ring particles. On the largest scale, the spectral variations seen by VIMS suggest that the rings may be divided into two larger `ring complexes,' with similar internal variations in structure, optical depth, particle size, regolith texture and composition. The inner complex comprises the C and B rings, while the outer comprises the Cassini Division and A ring. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nicholson, Philip D.; Hedman, Matthew M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Showalter, Mark R.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Cruikshank, Dale P.; Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Filacchione, Gianrico; Capaccioni, Fabrizio; Cerroni, Priscilla] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Hansen, Gary B.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sicardy, Bruno; Drossart, Pierre] Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Buratti, Bonnie J.; Baines, Kevin H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Coradini, Angioletta] Ist Astrofis Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Nicholson, PD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM nicholso@astro.cornell.edu OI Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055 NR 110 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2008 VL 193 IS 1 BP 182 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.036 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 250HE UT WOS:000252289800013 ER PT J AU Coradini, A Tosi, F Gavrishin, AI Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Filacchione, G Adriani, A Brown, RH Bellucci, G Formisano, V D'Aversa, E Lunine, JI Baines, KH Bibring, JP Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Cruikshank, DP Combes, M Drossart, P Jaumann, R Langevin, Y Matson, DL McCord, TB Mennella, V Nelson, RM Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B Sotin, C Hedman, MM Hansen, GB Hibbitts, CA Showalter, M Griffith, C Strazzulla, G AF Coradini, A. Tosi, F. Gavrishin, A. I. Capaccioni, F. Cerroni, P. Filacchione, G. Adriani, A. Brown, R. H. Bellucci, G. Formisano, V. D'Aversa, E. Lunine, J. I. Baines, K. H. Bibring, J. -P. Buratti, B. J. Clark, R. N. Cruikshank, D. P. Combes, M. Drossart, P. Jaumann, R. Langevin, Y. Matson, D. L. McCord, T. B. Mennella, V. Nelson, R. M. Nicholson, P. D. Sicardy, B. Sotin, C. Hedman, M. M. Hansen, G. B. Hibbitts, C. A. Showalter, M. Griffith, C. Strazzulla, G. TI Identification of spectral units on Phoebe SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Saturn, satellites; satellites, composition; irregular satellites; spectroscopy ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; SATURNS MOON PHOEBE; MODE CENTRAL METHOD; WATER-ICE; MULTIVARIATE CLASSIFICATION; GALILEAN SATELLITES; LUNAR ROCKS; CASSINI; SPECTROSCOPY; GLASSES AB We apply a multivariate statistical method to the Phoebe spectra collected by the VIMS experiment onboard the Cassini spacecraft during the flyby of June 2004. The G-mode clustering method, which permits identification of the most important features in a spectrum, is used on a small subset of data, characterized by medium and high spatial resolution, to perform a raw spectral classification of the surface of Phoebe. The combination of statistics and comparative analysis of the different areas using both the VIMS and ISS data is explored in order to highlight possible correlations with the surface geology. In general, the results by Clark et al. [Clark, R.N., Brown, R.H., Jaumann, R., Cruikshank, D.P., Nelson, R.M., Buratti, B.J., McCord, T.B., Lunine, J., Hoefen, T., Curchin, J.M., Hansen, G., Hibbitts, K., Matz, K.-D., Baines, K.H., Bellucci, G., Bibring, J.-P., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Coradini, A., Formisano, V., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., Mennella, V., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., Sotin, C., 2005. Nature 435, 66-69] are confirmed; but we also identify new signatures not reported before, such as the aliphatic CH stretch at 3.53 mu m and the similar to 4.4 mu m feature possibly related to cyanide compounds. On the basis of the band strengths computed for several absorption features and for the homogeneous spectral types isolated by the G-mode, a strong correlation of CO2 and aromatic hydrocarbons with exposed water ice, where the uniform layer covering Phoebe has been removed, is established. On the other hand, an anti-correlation of cyanide compounds with CO2 is suggested at a medium resolution scale. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Coradini, A.; Tosi, F.; Adriani, A.; Bellucci, G.; Formisano, V.; D'Aversa, E.; Lunine, J. I.] Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, INAF IFSI, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Capaccioni, F.; Cerroni, P.; Hibbitts, C. A.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF IASF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Gavrishin, A. I.] S Russian State Tech Univ, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia. [Brown, R. H.; Lunine, J. I.; Griffith, C.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Brown, R. H.; Lunine, J. I.; Griffith, C.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Strazzulla, G.] Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF OACT, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Baines, K. H.; Buratti, B. J.; Matson, D. L.; Nelson, R. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bibring, J. -P.; Langevin, Y.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Cruikshank, D. P.; Showalter, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Combes, M.; Drossart, P.; Sicardy, B.] Observ Paris, F-92190 Meudon, France. [Jaumann, R.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Explorat, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [McCord, T. B.; Hansen, G. B.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mennella, V.] Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF OAC, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Nicholson, P. D.; Hedman, M. M.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sotin, C.] Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, F-44322 Nantes 3, France. [Hibbitts, C. A.] Planetary Sci Unit, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Coradini, A (reprint author), Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, INAF IFSI, Area Ricerca Tor Vergata,Via Fosso del Cavaliere, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM coradini@ifsi-roma.inaf.it RI Hibbitts, Charles/B-7787-2016; OI Hibbitts, Charles/0000-0001-9089-4391; Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679; Adriani, Alberto/0000-0003-4998-8008; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055; D'Aversa, Emiliano/0000-0002-5842-5867; Tosi, Federico/0000-0003-4002-2434; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314 NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2008 VL 193 IS 1 BP 233 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.023 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 250HE UT WOS:000252289800016 ER PT J AU Chander, G Coan, MJ Scaramuzza, PL AF Chander, Gyanesh Coan, Michael J. Scaramuzza, Pasquale L. TI Evaluation and comparison of the IRS-P6 and the landsat sensors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Advanced Wide-Field Sensor (AWiFS); calibration; canopy; characterization; Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM plus ); impervious; Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-P6); land cover; Landsat; medium-resolution Linear Imaging Self-Scanner (LISS-III); reflectance; ResourceSat-1; spectral bands ID RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; CROSS-CALIBRATION; COVER DATABASE; UNITED-STATES AB The Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-P6), also called ResourceSat-1 was launched in a polar sun-synchronous orbit on October 17, 2003. It carries three sensors: the high-resolution Linear Imaging Self-Scanner (LISS-IV), the medium-resolution Linear Imaging Self-Scanner (LISS-III), and the Advanced Wide-Field Sensor (AWiFS). These three sensors provide images of different resolutions and coverage. To understand the absolute radiometric calibration accuracy of IRS-P6 AWiFS and LISS-III sensors, image pairs from these sensors were compared to images from the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat-7 Enhanced TM Plus (ETM+) sensors. The approach involves calibration of surface observations based on image statistics from areas observed nearly simultaneously by the two sensors. This paper also evaluated the viability of data from these next-generation imagers for use in creating three National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) products: land cover, percent tree canopy, and percent impervious surface. Individual products were consistent with previous studies but had slightly lower overall accuracies as compared to data from the Landsat sensors. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resource Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 209 EP 221 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.907426 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 244DP UT WOS:000251846500020 ER PT J AU Gottipolu, RR Landa, ER Schladweiler, MC Mcgee, JK Ledbetter, AD Richards, JH Wallenborn, GJ Kodavanti, UP AF Gottipolu, Reddy R. Landa, Edward R. Schladweiler, Mette C. McGee, John K. Ledbetter, Allen D. Richards, Judy H. Wallenborn, Grace J. Kodavanti, Urmila P. TI Cardiopulmonary responses of intratracheally instilled tire particles and constituent metal components SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OIL FLY-ASH; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; PULMONARY ZINC EXPOSURE; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; MITOCHONDRIAL ACONITASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ORGANIC AEROSOL; SOLUBLE METALS; RAT STRAINS AB Tire and brake wear particles contain transition metals, and contribute to near-road PM. We hypothesized that acute cardiopulmonary injury from respirable tire particles (TP) will depend on the amount of soluble metals. Respirable fractions of two types of TP (TP1 and TP2) were analyzed for water and acid-leachable metals using ICP-AES. Both TP types contained a variety of transition metals, including zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), aluminum, and iron. Zn and Cu were detected at high levels in water-soluble fractions (TP2 TP1). Male Wistar Kyoto rats (12-14 wk) were intratracheally instilled, in the first study, with saline, TP1 or TP2 (5 mg/kg), and in the second study, with soluble Zn, Cu (0.5 mol/kg), or both. Pulmonary toxicity and cardiac mitochondrial enzymes were analyzed 1 d, 1 wk, or 4 wk later for TP and 4 or 24 h later for metals. Increases in lavage fluid markers of inflammation and injury were observed at d 1 (TP2 TP1), but these changes reversed by wk 1. No effects on cardiac enzymes were noted with either TP. Exposure of rats to soluble Zn and Cu caused marked pulmonary inflammation and injury but temporal differences were apparent (Cu effects peaked at 4 h and Zn at 24 h). Instillation of Zn, Cu, and Zn+ Cu decreased the activity of cardiac aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome-c-oxidase and superoxide dismutase suggesting mitochondrial oxidative stress. The observed acute pulmonary toxicity of TP could be due to the presence of water soluble Zn and Cu. At high concentrations these metals may induce cardiac oxidative stress. C1 [Schladweiler, Mette C.; McGee, John K.; Ledbetter, Allen D.; Richards, Judy H.; Kodavanti, Urmila P.] US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gottipolu, Reddy R.] US EPA, Natl Res Council, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Landa, Edward R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Wallenborn, Grace J.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Kodavanti, UP (reprint author), US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD V143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kodavanti.urmila@epa.gov NR 62 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 5 BP 473 EP 484 DI 10.1080/08958370701858427 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 279ZS UT WOS:000254395300002 PM 18368618 ER PT S AU Leland, HV Frey, JW AF Leland, Harry V. Frey, Jeffrey W. BE Jones, J TI Phytoplankton growth and assembly in relation to nutrient supply and other environmental factors in the White River Basin, Indiana (US) SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 30, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY AUG 12-18, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol DE algal biomass; community structure; nutrient criteria; phytoplankton; river ID COMMUNITY; PLANKTON; ECOLOGY; DIATOMS; PRODUCTIVITY; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS; QUALITY; LOADS; MODEL C1 [Leland, Harry V.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Leland, HV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 978-3-510-54072-3 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2008 VL 30 BP 147 EP 163 PN 1 PG 17 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BHK82 UT WOS:000253928800029 ER PT S AU DeAngelis, DL Ju, S Holland, JN AF DeAngelis, Donald L. Ju, Shu Holland, J. Nathaniel BE Jones, J Faaborg, J TI Emergence of functional responses from interactions of individuals SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 30, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY AUG 12-18, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol DE consumer-resource model; host-parasitoid model; ratio-dependent model C1 [DeAngelis, Donald L.; Ju, Shu] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 978-3-510-54073-0 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2008 VL 30 BP 272 EP 274 PN 2 PG 3 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BHT51 UT WOS:000256243900020 ER PT S AU Triska, FJ Duff, JH Jackman, AP Avanzino, RJ AF Triska, Frank J. Duff, John H. Jackman, Alan P. Avanzino, Ronald J. BE Jones, J TI Nutrient chemistry, transformation and release in riparian groundwater seep discharge during the final meter of subsurface transport, Minnesota, USA SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 30, PT 3, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY AUG 12-18, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol DE groundwater; nitrogen; nutrients; phosphorus; riparian; seeps ID SEDIMENT PERFUSION CORES; LOWLAND RAIN-FOREST; COSTA-RICA; SHINGOBEE RIVER; NITRATE; DENITRIFICATION; LANDSCAPE; STREAM; WATER; ZONE C1 [Triska, Frank J.; Duff, John H.; Avanzino, Ronald J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Triska, FJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 978-3-510-54074-7 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2008 VL 30 BP 435 EP 440 PN 3 PG 6 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BIC33 UT WOS:000258369900025 ER PT S AU Duff, JH Carpenter, KD Avanzino, RJ Triska, FJ AF Duff, John H. Carpenter, Kurt D. Avanzino, Ronald J. Triska, Frank J. BE Jones, J Faaborg, J TI Seasonal phosphorus and nitrogen dynamics of open water during restoration of the Wood River Wetland, Klamath Falls, Oregon, USA SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 30, PT 4, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY AUG 12-18, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol DE Klamath Falls; nitrogen; phosphorus; wetland restoration C1 [Duff, John H.; Avanzino, Ronald J.; Triska, Frank J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Duff, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 439, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 978-3-510-54075-4 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2008 VL 30 BP 515 EP 520 PN 4 PG 6 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BIL19 UT WOS:000260475100007 ER PT J AU Wylie, BK Zhang, L Bliss, N Ji, L Tieszen, LL Jolly, WM AF Wylie, B. K. Zhang, L. Bliss, N. Ji, L. Tieszen, L. L. Jolly, W. M. TI Integrating modelling and remote sensing to identify ecosystem performance anomalies in the boreal forest, Yukon River Basin, Alaska SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH LA English DT Article DE climate change; anomaly; performance; boreal; Alaska; Yukon River ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SUB-ARCTIC VEGETATION; SATELLITE DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERIOR ALASKA; TIME-SERIES; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; FIRE DISTURBANCE; UNITED-STATES AB High-latitude ecosystems are exposed to more pronounced warming effects than other parts of the globe. We develop a technique to monitor ecological changes in a way that distinguishes climate influences from disturbances. In this study, we account for climatic influences on Alaskan boreal forest performance with a data-driven model. We defined ecosystem performance anomalies (EPA) using the residuals of the model and made annual maps of EPA. Most areas (88%) did not have anomalous ecosystem performance for at least 6 of 8 years between 1996 and 2004. Areas with underperforming EPA (10%) often indicate areas associated with recent fires and areas of possible insect infestation or drying soil related to permafrost degradation. Overperforming areas (2%) occurred in older fire recovery areas where increased deciduous vegetation components are expected. The EPA measure was validated with composite burn index data and Landsat vegetation indices near and within burned areas. C1 [Wylie, B. K.; Zhang, L.; Bliss, N.; Ji, L.] USGS EROS Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Jolly, W. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Wylie, BK (reprint author), USGS EROS Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM wylie@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014 OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 NR 81 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1753-8947 EI 1753-8955 J9 INT J DIGIT EARTH JI Int. J. Digit. Earth PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 196 EP 220 DI 10.1080/17538940802038366 PG 25 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 497UL UT WOS:000270088300002 ER PT J AU Ling, Y Ehlers, M Usery, EL Madden, M AF Ling, Y. Ehlers, M. Usery, E. L. Madden, M. TI Effects of spatial resolution ratio in image fusion SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LANDSAT-TM DATA; SATELLITE IMAGES; TRANSFORM METHOD; MULTIRESOLUTION; ENHANCEMENT AB In image fusion, the spatial resolution ratio can be defined as the ratio between the spatial resolution of the high-resolution panchromatic image and that of the low-resolution multispectral image. This paper attempts to assess the effects of the spatial resolution ratio of the input images on the quality of the fused image. Experimental results indicate that a spatial resolution ratio of 1:10 or higher is desired for optimal multisensor image fusion provided the input panchromatic image is not downsampled to a coarser resolution. Due to the synthetic pixels generated from resampling, the quality of the fused image decreases as the spatial resolution ratio decreases (e.g. from 1:10 to 1:30). However, even with a spatial resolution ratio as small as 1:30, the quality of the fused image is still better than the original multispectral image alone for feature interpretation. In cases where the spatial resolution ratio is too small (e.g. 1:30), to obtain better spectral integrity of the fused image, one may downsample the input high-resolution panchromatic image to a slightly lower resolution before fusing it with the multispectral image. C1 [Ling, Y.] Mississippi State Univ, GeoResources Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Ehlers, M.] Univ Osnabruck, Inst Geoinformat & Remote Sensing, Osnabruck, Germany. [Usery, E. L.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Excellence Geospatial Informat Sci, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Madden, M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ling, Y (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, GeoResources Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM yangrong@gri.msstate.edu NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 7 BP 2157 EP 2167 DI 10.1080/01431160701408345 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 279HJ UT WOS:000254346000020 ER PT J AU Ji, L Gallo, K Eidenshink, JC Dwyer, J AF Ji, L. Gallo, K. Eidenshink, J. C. Dwyer, J. TI Agreement evaluation of AVHRR and MODIS 16-day composite NDVI data sets SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID MEAN FUNCTIONAL-RELATIONSHIP; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LINEAR REGRESSIONS; VEGETATION INDEXES; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; TIME-SERIES; FISHERY RESEARCH; SPOT-VEGETATION; SATELLITE DATA; LEAST-SQUARES AB Satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data have been used extensively to detect and monitor vegetation conditions at regional and global levels. A combination of NDVI data sets derived from AVHRR and MODIS can be used to construct a long NDVI time series that may also be extended to VIIRS. Comparative analysis of NDVI data derived from AVHRR and MODIS is critical to understanding the data continuity through the time series. In this study, the AVHRR and MODIS 16-day composite NDVI products were compared using regression and agreement analysis methods. The analysis shows a high agreement between the AVHRR-NDVI and MODIS-NDVI observed from 2002 and 2003 for the conterminous United States, but the difference between the two data sets is appreciable. Twenty per cent of the total difference between the two data sets is due to systematic difference, with the remainder due to unsystematic difference. The systematic difference can be eliminated with a linear regression-based transformation between two data sets, and the unsystematic difference can be reduced partially by applying spatial filters to the data. We conclude that the continuity of NDVI time series from AVHRR to MODIS is satisfactory, but a linear transformation between the two sets is recommended. C1 [Ji, L.; Dwyer, J.] USGS Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Gallo, K.] NOAA Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Eidenshink, J. C.] USGS Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Ji, L (reprint author), USGS Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sci Applicat Int Corp, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM lji@usgs.gov RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010; OI Dwyer, John/0000-0002-8281-0896 NR 58 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 16 BP 4839 EP 4861 PG 23 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 331FB UT WOS:000257997000013 ER PT J AU Weng, YL Gong, P Zhu, ZL AF Weng, Yongling Gong, Peng Zhu, Zhiliang TI Reflectance spectroscopy for the assessment of soil salt content in soils of the Yellow River Delta of China SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID HYPERSPECTRAL DATA; DEGRADATION; VEGETATION; SALINITY; SPECTRA AB There has been growing interest in the use of reflectance spectroscopy as a rapid and inexpensive tool for soil characterization. In this study, we collected 95 soil samples from the Yellow River Delta of China to investigate the level of soil salinity in relation to soil spectra. Sample plots were selected based on a field investigation and the corresponding soil salinity classification map to maximize variations of saline characteristics in the soil. Spectral reflectances of air-dried soil samples were measured using an Analytical Spectral Device (ASD) spectrometer (350-2500nm) with an artificial light source. In the Yellow River Delta, the dominant chemical in the saline soil was NaCl and MgCl(2). Soil spectra were analysed using two-thirds of the available samples, with the remaining one-third withheld for validation purposes. The analysis indicated that with some preprocessing, the reflectance at 1931-2123nm and 2153-2254nm was highly correlated with soil salt content (S(SC)). In the spectral region of 1931-2123nm, the correlation R ranged from -0.80 to -0.87. In the region of 2153-2254nm, the S(SC) was positively correlated with preprocessed reflectance (0.79-0.88). The preprocessing was done by fitting a convex hull to the reflectance curve and dividing the spectral reflectance by the value of the corresponding convex hull band by band. This process is called continuum removal, and the resulting ratio is called continuum removed reflectance (CR reflectance). However, the S(SC) did not have a high correlation with the unprocessed reflectance, and the correlation was always negative in the entire spectrum (350-2500nm) with the strongest negative correlation at 1981nm (R=-0.63). Moreover, we found a strong correlation (R=0.91) between a soil salinity index (S(SI): constructed using CR reflectance at 2052nm and 2203nm) and S(SC). We estimated S(SC) as a function of S(SI) and S(SI') (S(SI'): constructed using unprocessed reflectance at 2052nm and 2203nm) using univariate regression. Validation of the estimation of S(SC) was conducted by comparing the estimated S(SC) with the holdout sample points. The comparison produced an estimated root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.986 (S(SC) ranging from 0.06 to 12.30gkg(-1)) and R(2) of 0.873 for S(SC) with S(SI) as independent variable and RMSE of 1.248 and R(2) of 0.8 for S(SC) with S(SI') as independent variable. This study showed that a soil salinity index developed for CR reflectance at 2052nm and 2203nm on the basis of spectral absorption features of saline soil can be used as a quick and inexpensive method for soil salt-content estimation. C1 [Weng, Yongling; Gong, Peng] Nanjing Univ, Int Inst Earth Syst Sci, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Weng, Yongling] Southeast Univ, Coll Transportat, Dept Surveying & Mapping Engn, Nanjing 210096, Peoples R China. [Gong, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Gong, Peng] Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Gong, Peng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ctr Assessment & Monitoring Forest & Environm Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] EROS Data Ctr, US Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Weng, YL (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Int Inst Earth Syst Sci, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. EM mgwyl@yahoo.com.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30590370]; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ministry of Science and Technology [2003BA614A-15] FX The research was supported by a major grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30590370) and a Bairen Jihua Grant from Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Gongguan Project during the 10th 5-year period from Ministry of Science and Technology (2003BA614A-15). The authors would like to thank Professor Tian Qingjiu at Nanjing University for his suggestion and comments. We are also grateful to Qi Xueyong, Fu Wenxue, and Du Xindong for assistance in fieldwork, and Yang Chaoguang at Nanjing Agricultural University for chemical and physical analyses. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 19 BP 5511 EP 5531 DI 10.1080/01431160801930248 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 350PS UT WOS:000259366200005 ER PT J AU Bartlein, PJ Hostetler, SW Shafer, SL Holman, JO Solomon, AM AF Bartlein, P. J. Hostetler, S. W. Shafer, S. L. Holman, J. O. Solomon, A. M. TI Temporal and spatial structure in a daily wildfire-start data set from the western United States (1986-96) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE annual cycle of fires; fire incidence; Hovmoller diagram; human-caused fires; lightning-caused fires; time-space plots; time-space variation; US National Fire Occurrence Database; wildfire outbreaks ID WILDLAND FIRE AB The temporal and spatial structure of 332 404 daily fire-start records from the western United States for the period 1986 through 1996 is illustrated using several complimentary visualisation techniques. We supplement maps and time series plots with Hovmoller diagrams that reduce the spatial dimensionality of the daily data in order to reveal the underlying space-time structure. The mapped distributions of all lightning- and human-started fires during the 11-year interval show similar first-order patterns that reflect the broad-scale distribution of vegetation across the West and the annual cycle of climate. Lightning-started fires are concentrated in the summer half-year and occur in widespread outbreaks that last a few days and reflect coherent weather-related controls. In contrast, fires started by humans occur throughout the year and tend to be concentrated in regions surrounding large-population centres or intensive-agricultural areas. Although the primary controls of human-started fires are their location relative to burnable fuel and the level of human activity, spatially coherent, weather-related variations in their incidence can also be noted. C1 [Bartlein, P. J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Hostetler, S. W.; Holman, J. O.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Shafer, S. L.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Holman, J. O.] TerraSeer Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Solomon, A. M.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Bartlein, PJ (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM bartlein@uoregon.edu RI Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011 OI Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685 NR 14 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 14 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 8 EP 17 DI 10.1071/WF07022 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 263LS UT WOS:000253219200002 ER PT J AU Anderson, RS Allen, CD Toney, JL Jass, RB Bair, AN AF Anderson, R. S. Allen, C. D. Toney, J. L. Jass, R. B. Bair, A. N. TI Holocene vegetation and fire regimes in subalpine and mixed conifer forests, southern Rocky Mountains, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Review DE fire history; paleoecology; pollen analysis ID SAN-JUAN MOUNTAINS; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; CENTRAL COLORADO; CLIMATE HISTORY; AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; SEDIMENT RECORDS; MIDDLE HOLOCENE; SIERRA-NEVADA; NATIONAL-PARK; ARIZONA AB Our understanding of the present forest structure of western North America hinges on our ability to determine antecedent forest conditions. Sedimentary records from lakes and bogs in the southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico provide information on the relationships between climate and vegetation change, and fire history since deglaciation. We present a new pollen record from Hunters Lake (Colorado) as an example of a high-elevation vegetation history from the southern Rockies. We then present a series of six sedimentary records from similar to 2600 to 3500-m elevation, including sites presently at the alpine-subalpine boundary, within the Picea engelmannii-Abies lasiocarpa forest and within the mixed conifer forest, to determine the history of fire in high-elevation forests there. High Artemisia and low but increasing percentages of Picea and Pinus suggest vegetation prior to 13 500 calendar years before present (cal yr BP) was tundra or steppe, with open spruce woodland to similar to 11 900 cal yr BP. Subalpine forest (Picea engelmannii, Abies lasiocarpa) existed around the lake for the remainder of the Holocene. At lower elevations, Pinus ponderosa and/or contorta expanded 11 900 to 10 200 cal yr BP; mixed conifer forest expanded similar to 8600 to 4700 cal yr BP; and Pinus edulis expanded after similar to 4700 cal yr BP. Sediments from lake sites near the alpine-subalpine transition contained five times less charcoal than those entirely within subalpine forests, and 40 times less than bog sites within mixed conifer forest. Higher fire episode frequencies occurred between similar to 12 000 and 9000 cal yr BP (associated with the initiation or expansion of south-west monsoon and abundant lightning, and significant biomass during vegetation turnover) and at similar to 2000-1000 cal yr BP (related to periodic droughts during the long-term trend towards wetter conditions and greater biomass). Fire episode frequencies for subalpine-alpine transition and subalpine sites were on average 5 to 10 fire events/1000 years over the Holocene, corresponding to one fire event every similar to 100 to 200 years. (5) Our Holocene-length sedimentary charcoal records provide additional evidence for the anomalous nature of the 20th-century fire regime, where fires were largely suppressed as a national policy. C1 [Anderson, R. S.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Environm Sci & Quaternary Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Allen, C. D.] US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stat, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Toney, J. L.; Jass, R. B.; Bair, A. N.] No Arizona Univ, Quaternary Sci Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Anderson, RS (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Environm Sci & Quaternary Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM scott.anderson@nau.edu RI Toney, Jaime/I-5083-2012 OI Toney, Jaime/0000-0003-3182-6887 NR 107 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 15 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 96 EP 114 DI 10.1071/WF07028 PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 263LS UT WOS:000253219200010 ER PT J AU Allen, CD Anderson, RS Jass, RB Toney, JL Baisan, CH AF Allen, Craig D. Anderson, R. Scott Jass, Renata B. Toney, Jaime L. Baisan, Christopher H. TI Paired charcoal and tree-ring records of high-frequency Holocene fire from two New Mexico bog sites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Alamo bog; CHAPS; Chihuahuenos bog; fire scars; Jemez Mountains; replicated charcoal records ID SAN-JUAN MOUNTAINS; SOUTHEASTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; SOUTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; PONDEROSA PINE; CLIMATE HISTORY; POSTGLACIAL VEGETATION; MICROSCOPIC CHARCOAL; RECONSTRUCTING FIRE AB Two primary methods for reconstructing paleofire occurrence include dendrochronological dating of fire scars and stand ages from live or dead trees (extending back centuries into the past) and sedimentary records of charcoal particles from lakes and bogs, providing perspectives on fire history that can extend back for many thousands of years. Studies using both proxies have become more common in regions where lakes are present and fire frequencies are low, but are rare where high-frequency surface fires dominate and sedimentary deposits are primarily bogs and wetlands. Here we investigate sedimentary and fire-scar records of fire in two small watersheds in northern New Mexico, in settings recently characterised by relatively high-frequency fire where bogs and wetlands (Chihuahue os Bog and Alamo Bog) are more common than lakes. Our research demonstrates that: (1) essential features of the sedimentary charcoal record can be reproduced between multiple cores within a bog deposit; (2) evidence from both fire-scarred trees and charcoal deposits documents an anomalous lack of fire since similar to 1900, compared with the remainder of the Holocene; (3) sedimentary charcoal records probably underestimate the recurrence of fire events at these high-frequency fire sites; and (4) the sedimentary records from these bogs are complicated by factors such as burning and oxidation of these organic deposits, diversity of vegetation patterns within watersheds, and potential bioturbation by ungulates. We consider a suite of particular challenges in developing and interpreting fire histories from bog and wetland settings in the Southwest. The identification of these issues and constraints with interpretation of sedimentary charcoal fire records does not diminish their essential utility in assessing millennial-scale patterns of fire activity in this dry part of North America. C1 [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stat, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Anderson, R. Scott] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Environm Sci & Educ, Quaternary Sci Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Toney, Jaime L.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Baisan, Christopher H.] Univ Arizona, Lab Tree Ring Res, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Allen, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stat, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM craig_allen@usgs.gov RI Toney, Jaime/I-5083-2012 OI Toney, Jaime/0000-0003-3182-6887 NR 65 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 115 EP 130 DI 10.1071/WF07165 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 263LS UT WOS:000253219200011 ER PT J AU French, NHF Kasischke, ES Hall, RJ Murphy, KA Verbyla, DL Hoy, EE Allen, JL AF French, Nancy H. F. Kasischke, Eric S. Hall, Ronald J. Murphy, Karen A. Verbyla, David L. Hoy, Elizabeth E. Allen, Jennifer L. TI Using Landsat data to assess fire and burn severity in the North American boreal forest region: an overview and summary of results SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Review ID BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; SOIL CO2 FLUX; INTERIOR ALASKA; VEGETATION RECOVERY; CARBON BALANCE; STAND-LEVEL; RATIO DNBR; NEW-MEXICO; TM DATA AB There has been considerable interest in the recent literature regarding the assessment of post-fire effects on forested areas within the North American boreal forest. Assessing the physical and ecological effects of fire in boreal forests has far-reaching implications for a variety of ecosystem processes - such as post-fire forest succession - and land management decisions. The present paper reviews past assessments and the studies presented in this special issue that have largely been based on the Composite Burn Index and differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR). Results from relating and mapping fire/burn severity within the boreal region have been variable, and are likely attributed, in part, to the wide variability in vegetation and terrain conditions that are characteristic of the region. Satellite remote sensing of post-fire effects alone without proper field calibration should be avoided. A sampling approach combining field and image values of burn condition is necessary for successful mapping of fire/burn severity. Satellite-based assessments of fire/burn severity, and in particular dNBR and related indices, need to be used judiciously and assessed for appropriateness based on the users' need. Issues unique to high latitudes also need to be considered when using satellite-derived information in the boreal forest region. C1 [French, Nancy H. F.] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Kasischke, Eric S.; Hoy, Elizabeth E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hall, Ronald J.] Canadian Forest Serv, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Murphy, Karen A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Verbyla, David L.] Univ Alaska, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Allen, Jennifer L.] Fairbanks Adm Off, Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP French, NHF (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, 3600 Green Court,Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM nancy.french@mtu.edu OI French, Nancy/0000-0002-2389-3003 NR 105 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 4 U2 46 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 443 EP 462 DI 10.1071/WF08007 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 334MU UT WOS:000258226700001 ER PT J AU Murphy, KA Reynolds, JH Koltun, JM AF Murphy, Karen A. Reynolds, Joel H. Koltun, John M. TI Evaluating the ability of the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) to predict ecologically significant burn severity in Alaskan boreal forests SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Alaska; black spruce; composite burn index (CBI); fire effects; NBR; Picea; remote sensing; vegetation succession ID INTERIOR ALASKA; FIRE SEVERITY; INDEXES; ETM+ AB During the 2004 fire season similar to 6.6 million acres (similar to 2.7 million ha) burned across Alaska. Nearly 2 million of these were on National Wildlife Refuge System lands inaccessible from the state's limited road system. Many fires burned through September, driven by unusually warm and dry temperatures throughout the summer. Using several fires from this season, we assessed the national burn severity methodology's performance on refuge lands. Six fires, spanning 814 489 acres (329 613 ha), were sampled on five boreal forest refuges. In total, 347 sites were sampled for vegetation composition and ground-based burn severity estimates following the national protocols. The relationship between the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) and composite burn index (CBI) was unexpectedly weak (R-adjusted(2), 0.11-0.64). The weak relationship was not a result of data or image processing errors, nor of any biotic or abiotic confounding variable. The inconsistent results, and dNBR's limited ability to discern the ecologically significant differences within moderate and high severity burn sites, indicate that the current methodology does not satisfy key Alaskan boreal forest management objectives. C1 [Murphy, Karen A.; Reynolds, Joel H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Koltun, John M.] Geog Resource Solut, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Murphy, KA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, 1011 E Tudor Rd MS221, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM Karen_A_Murphy@fws.gov RI Reynolds, Joel/E-1445-2011 OI Reynolds, Joel/0000-0003-4506-0501 NR 33 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 11 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 490 EP 499 DI 10.1071/WF08050 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 334MU UT WOS:000258226700004 ER PT J AU Keane, RE Agee, JK Fule, P Keeley, JE Key, C Kitchen, SG Miller, R Schulte, LA AF Keane, Robert E. Agee, James K. Fule, Peter Keeley, Jon E. Key, Carl Kitchen, Stanley G. Miller, Richard Schulte, Lisa A. TI Ecological effects of large fires on US landscapes: benefit or catastrophe? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Review DE fire effects; fire regimes; megafires ID PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; GREAT-LAKES REGION; WESTERN JUNIPER; UNITED-STATES; BIG SAGEBRUSH; HISTORICAL VARIABILITY; SOUTHWESTERN MONTANA; OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS AB The perception is that today's large fires are an ecological catastrophe because they burn vast areas with high intensities and severities. However, little is known of the ecological impacts of large fires on both historical and contemporary landscapes. The present paper presents a review of the current knowledge of the effects of large fires in the United States by important ecosystems written by regional experts. The ecosystems are (1) ponderosa pine-Douglas-fir, (2) sagebrush-grasslands, (3) pinon-juniper, (4) chaparral, (5) mixed-conifer, and (6) spruce-fir. This review found that large fires were common on most historical western US landscapes and they will continue to be common today with exceptions. Sagebrush ecosystems are currently experiencing larger, more severe, and more frequent large fires compared to historical conditions due to exotic cheatgrass invasions. Historical large fires in south-west ponderosa pine forest created a mixed severity mosaic dominated by non-lethal surface fires while today's large fires are mostly high severity crown fires. While large fires play an important role in landscape ecology for most regions, their importance is much less in the dry pinon-juniper forests and sagebrush-grasslands. Fire management must address the role of large fires in maintaining the health of many US fire-dominated ecosystems. C1 [Keane, Robert E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Agee, James K.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fule, Peter] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Fule, Peter] No Arizona Univ, Ecol Restorat Inst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Key, Carl] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Kitchen, Stanley G.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. [Miller, Richard] Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schulte, Lisa A.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Keane, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM rkeane@fs.fed.us; jagee@u.washington.edu; Fule@nau.edu; jon_keeley@usgs.gov; carl_key@usgs.gov; skitchen@fs.fed.us; Richard.Miller@oregonstate.edu; lschulte@iastate.edu FU USDA Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Research Station; Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory; Joint Fire Science Project [04-1-2-01] FX We would like to thank Eva Karau, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory. We also acknowledge support from Joint Fire Science Project 04-1-2-01 for some material in the present paper. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and comments. NR 195 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 54 U2 330 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2008 VL 17 IS 6 BP 696 EP 712 DI 10.1071/WF07148 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 398XV UT WOS:000262765900003 ER PT J AU Holliman, FM Davis, D Bogan, AE Kwak, TJ Cope, WG Levine, JF AF Holliman, F. Michael Davis, Denise Bogan, Arthur E. Kwak, Thomas J. Cope, W. Gregory Levine, Jay F. TI Magnetic resonance imaging of live freshwater mussels (Unionidae) SO INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MRI; morphology; bivalve; soft tissue; unionid ID BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA; AMBLEMA-PLICATA; BIVALVIA; BRAIN AB We examined the soft tissues of live freshwater mussels, Eastern elliptio Elliptio complanata, via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), acquiring data with a widely available human whole-body MRI system. Anatomical features depicted in the profile images included the foot, stomach, intestine, anterior and posterior adductor muscles, and pericardial cavity. Noteworthy observations on soft tissue morphology included a concentration of lipids at the most posterior aspect of the foot, the presence of hemolymph-filled fissures in the posterior adductor muscle, the presence of a relatively large hemolymph-filled sinus adjacent to the posterior adductor muscle (at the ventral-anterior aspect), and segmentation of the intestine (a diagnostic description not reported previously in Unionidae). Relatively little is known about the basic biology and ecological physiology of freshwater mussels. Traditional approaches for studying anatomy and tissue processes, and for measuring sub-lethal physiological stress, are destructive or invasive. Our study, the first to evaluate freshwater mussel soft tissues by MRI, clarifies the body plan of unionid mussels and demonstrates the efficacy of this technology for in vivo evaluation of the structure, function, and integrity of mussel soft tissues. C1 [Holliman, F. Michael; Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, NC Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Davis, Denise] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Magnet Resonance Res Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Bogan, Arthur E.] NC Museum Nat Sci, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA. [Kwak, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC USA. [Cope, W. Gregory] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Levine, Jay F.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Holliman, FM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, NC Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM fmholliman@yahoo.com RI Bogan, Arthur/G-7658-2016 OI Bogan, Arthur/0000-0003-4042-7706 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1077-8306 J9 INVERTEBR BIOL JI Invertebr. Biol. PY 2008 VL 127 IS 4 BP 396 EP 402 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7410.2008.00143.x PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 381II UT WOS:000261528900004 ER PT J AU Nagourney, SJ Wilson, SA Buckley, B Kingston, HMS Yang, SY Long, SE AF Nagourney, Stuart J. Wilson, Stephen A. Buckley, Brian Kingston, H. M. Skip Yang, Shen-Yi Long, Stephen E. TI Development of a standard reference material for Cr(VI) in contaminated soil SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ORE PROCESSING RESIDUE AB Over the last several decades, considerable contamination by hexavalent chromium has resulted from the land disposal of Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR). COPR contains a number of hexavalent chromium-bearing compounds that were produced in high temperature industrial processes. Concern over the carcinogenic potential of this chromium species, and its environmental mobility, has resulted in efforts to remediate these waste sites. To provide support to analytical measurements of hexavalent chromium, a candidate National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material(R) ( SRM 2701), having a hexavalent chromium content of approximately 500 mg kg(-1), has been developed using material collected from a waste site in Hudson County, New Jersey, USA. The collection, processing, preparation and preliminary physico-chemical characterization of the material are discussed. A two-phase multi-laboratory testing study was carried out to provide data on material homogeneity and to assess the stability of the material over the duration of the study. The study was designed to incorporate several United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) determinative methods for hexavalent chromium, including Method 6800 which is based on speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometry (SIDMS), an approach which can account for chromium species inter-conversion during the extraction and measurement sequence. C1 [Long, Stephen E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagourney, Stuart J.] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, OQA, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. [Wilson, Stephen A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Buckley, Brian] Rutgers State Univ, Environm Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Rutgers, NJ USA. [Kingston, H. M. Skip] Duquesne Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. US EPA, Off Solid Waste, Arlington, VA 22222 USA. RP Long, SE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8391, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.long@nist.gov NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2008 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1550 EP 1554 DI 10.1039/b808488b PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 364AX UT WOS:000260309700010 ER PT J AU Cade, BS Dong, Q AF Cade, Brian S. Dong, Quan TI A quantile count model of water depth constraints on Cape Sable seaside sparrows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis; Everglades; habitat models; hydrology; quantile regression; zero-inflated Poisson ID HETEROGENEOUS DETECTION PROBABILITIES; EVERGLADES RESTORATION; REPLICATED COUNTS; POPULATION-SIZE; MIXTURE-MODELS; REGRESSION; ABUNDANCE AB 1. A quantile regression model for counts of breeding Cape Sable seaside sparrows Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis (L.) as a function of water depth and previous year abundance was developed based on extensive surveys, 1992-2005, in the Florida Everglades. The quantile count model extends linear quantile regression methods to discrete response variables, providing a flexible alternative to discrete parametric distributional models, e.g. Poisson, negative binomial and their zero-inflated counterparts. 2. Estimates from our multiplicative model demonstrated that negative effects of increasing water depth in breeding habitat on sparrow numbers were dependent on recent occupation history. Upper 10th percentiles of counts (one to three sparrows) decreased with increasing water depth from 0 to 30 cm when sites were not occupied in previous years. However, upper 40th percentiles of counts (one to six sparrows) decreased with increasing water depth for sites occupied in previous years. 3. Greatest decreases (-50% to -83%) in upper quantiles of sparrow counts occurred as water depths increased from 0 to 15 cm when previous year counts were 1, but a small proportion of sites (5-10%) held at least one sparrow even as water depths increased to 20 or 30 cm. 4. A zero-inflated Poisson regression model provided estimates of conditional means that also decreased with increasing water depth but rates of change were lower and decreased with increasing previous year counts compared to the quantile count model. Quantiles computed for the zero-inflated Poisson model enhanced interpretation of this model but had greater lack-of-fit for water depths > 0 cm and previous year counts 1, conditions where the negative effect of water depths were readily apparent and fitted better with the quantile count model. C1 [Cade, Brian S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Dong, Quan] S Florida Nat Resource Ctr, Everglades Natl Pk, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. RP Cade, BS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM brian_cade@usgs.gov RI Dong, Quan/G-5005-2010 OI Dong, Quan/0000-0002-9353-9288 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01311.x PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 243PU UT WOS:000251810600007 PM 17976184 ER PT J AU Biradar, CM Thenkabail, PS Platonov, A Xiao, XM Geerken, R Noojipady, P Turral, H Vithanage, J AF Biradar, Chandrashekhar M. Thenkabail, Prasad S. Platonov, Alexander Xiao, Xingming Geerken, Roland Noojipady, Praveen Turral, Hugh Vithanage, Jagath TI Water productivity mapping methods using remote sensing SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE water productivity mapping; biophysical relationship; vegetation indices; evapotranspiration; remote sensing ID MAPPER VEGETATION INDEXES; ENERGY-BALANCE; CROP PRODUCTION; AVHRR DATA; SATELLITE; MODEL; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; REFLECTANCE; LANDSAT; NDVI AB The goal of this paper was to develop methods and protocols for water productivity mapping (WPM) using remote sensing data at multiple resolutions and scales in conjunction with field-plot data. The methods and protocols involved three broad categories: (a) Crop Productivity Mapping(CPM) (kg/m2); (b) Water Use (evapotranspiration) Mapping (WUM) (m3/m2); and (c) Water Productivity Mapping (WPM) (kg/m3). First, the CPMs were determined using remote sensing by: (i) Mapping crop types; (ii) modeling crop yield; and (iii) extrapolating models to larger areas. Second, WUM were derived using the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model. Finally, WPMs were produced by dividing CPMs and WUMs. The paper used data from Quickbird 2.44m, Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) Resoursesat-1 23.5m, Landsat-7 30m, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250m and 500m, to demonstrate the methods for mapping water productivity (WP). In terms of physical water productivity (kilogram of yield produced per unit of water delivered), wheat crop had highest water productivity of 0.60 kg/m3 (WP), followed by rice with 0.5 kg/m3, and cotton with 0.42 kg/m3. In terms of economic value (dollar per unit of water delivered), cotton ranked highest at $ 0.5/m3 followed by wheat with $ 0.33/m3 and rice at $ 0.10/m3. The study successfully delineated the areas of low and high WP. An overwhelming proportion (50+%) of the irrigated areas were under low WP for all crops with only about 10% area in high WP. C1 [Biradar, Chandrashekhar M.; Xiao, Xingming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Spatial Anal, Stephenson Res & Technol Ctr, Coll Atmospher & Geog Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Biradar, Chandrashekhar M.; Xiao, Xingming] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Thenkabail, Prasad S.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Thenkabail, Prasad S.; Platonov, Alexander; Vithanage, Jagath] IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Geerken, Roland] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Noojipady, Praveen] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Biradar, CM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Spatial Anal, Stephenson Res & Technol Ctr, Coll Atmospher & Geog Sci, 101 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM chandra.biradar@ou.edu; pthenkabail@usgs.gov; platonov@cgiar.org; xiangming.xiao@ou.edu; roland.geerken@yale.edu; pnoojipa@umd.edu; hugh.turral@gmail.com; j.vithanage@cgiar.org NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 2 AR 023544 DI 10.1117/1.3033753 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 417AG UT WOS:000264046200049 ER PT J AU Getsinger, KD Netherland, MD Grue, CE Koschnick, TJ AF Getsinger, Kurt D. Netherland, M. D. Grue, C. E. Koschnick, T. J. TI Improvements in the use of aquatic herbicides and establishment of future research directions SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE chemical control; invasive aquatic weed; submersed aquatic vegetation ID LAKE FLURIDONE TREATMENTS; RHODAMINE WT DYE; EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL; BENSULFURON METHYL; CONCURRENT APPLICATION; MESOCOSM EVALUATION; NATIVE VEGETATION; SELECTIVE CONTROL; PLANT COMMUNITY; EXPOSURE TIME AB Peer-reviewed literature over the past 20 years identifies significant changes and improvements in chemical control strategies used to manage nuisance submersed vegetation. The invasive exotic plants hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata L.f. Royle) and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) continue to spread and remain the plant species of greatest concern for aquatic resource managers at the national scale. Emerging exotic weeds of regional concern such as egeria (Egeria densa Planch.), curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus L.), and hygrophila (Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T Anders), as well as native plants such as variable watermilfoil (Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx), and cabomba (Cabomba caroliniana Gray) are invasive outside their home ranges. In addition, there is always the threat of new plant introductions such as African elodea (Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss) or narrow-leaf anacharis (Egeria najas Planchon). The registration of the bleaching herbicide fluridone in the mid 1980s for whole-lake and large-scale management stimulated numerous lines of research involving reduction of use rates, plant selectivity, residue monitoring, and impacts on fisheries. In addition to numerous advances, the specificity of fluridone for a single plant enzyme led to the first documented case of herbicide resistance in aquatic plant management. The resistance of hydrilla to fluridone has stimulated a renewed interest by industry and others in the registration of alternative modes of action for aquatic use. These newer chemistries tend to be enzyme-specific compounds with favorable non-target toxicity profiles. Registration efforts have been facilitated by increased cooperation between key federal government agencies that have aquatic weed control and research responsibilities, and regulators within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). We reviewed past and current research efforts to identify areas in need of further investigation and to establish priorities for future research directions in chemical management of submersed plants. The priorities we identified include: (A) improving methods for evaluating non-target impacts of herbicides with an emphasis on threatened and endangered species, or species of special concern; (B) improving herbicide performance in flowing-water environments, including irrigation canals; (C) screening and developing new herbicides to supplement fluridone for large-scale or whole-lake management approaches; (D) screening and developing new organic algaecides to supplement the use of copper-based compounds; (E) developing risk assessment tools to educate the public on the risks of invasive species and chemical management options; (F) increasing cooperative research with ecologists and fisheries scientists to evaluate the long-term impacts of invasive species introductions and herbicide programs on native plant assemblages, water quality, and fish populations; and (G) improving the integration of chemical control technology with other aquatic plant management disciplines. While circumstances may dictate setting new priorities or dropping current ones, the list we have generated represents our vision of the needs that will require the greatest focus over the next several years. C1 [Getsinger, Kurt D.] USA, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Netherland, M. D.] Univ Florida, Environm Lab, USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr,Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Grue, C. E.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Koschnick, T. J.] SePRO Corp, Carmel, IN 46032 USA. RP Getsinger, KD (reprint author), USA, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Kurt.D.Getsinger@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 69 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 41 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 BP 32 EP 41 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 301UE UT WOS:000255920300004 ER PT J AU Floeter, SR Rocha, LA Robertson, DR Joyeux, JC Smith-Vaniz, WF Wirtz, P Edwards, AJ Barreiros, JP Ferreira, CEL Gasparini, JL Brito, A Falcon, JM Bowen, BW Bernardi, G AF Floeter, S. R. Rocha, L. A. Robertson, D. R. Joyeux, J. C. Smith-Vaniz, W. F. Wirtz, P. Edwards, A. J. Barreiros, J. P. Ferreira, C. E. L. Gasparini, J. L. Brito, A. Falcon, J. M. Bowen, B. W. Bernardi, G. TI Atlantic reef fish biogeography and evolution SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Atlantic Ocean; biodiversity; biogeographical barriers; biogeographical provinces; historical biogeography; marine biogeography; phylogeography; speciation; Tethys Sea ID SAINT-HELENA-ISLAND; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; SHORE FISHES; WESTERN ATLANTIC; INDO-PACIFIC; PARABLENNIUS-SANGUINOLENTUS; COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA AB Aim To understand why and when areas of endemism (provinces) of the tropical Atlantic Ocean were formed, how they relate to each other, and what processes have contributed to faunal enrichment. Location Atlantic Ocean. Methods The distributions of 2605 species of reef fishes were compiled for 25 areas of the Atlantic and southern Africa. Maximum-parsimony and distance analyses were employed to investigate biogeographical relationships among those areas. A collection of 26 phylogenies of various Atlantic reef fish taxa was used to assess patterns of origin and diversification relative to evolutionary scenarios based on spatio-temporal sequences of species splitting produced by geological and palaeoceanographic events. We present data on faunal (species and genera) richness, endemism patterns, diversity buildup (i.e. speciation processes), and evaluate the operation of the main biogeographical barriers and/or filters. Results Phylogenetic (proportion of sister species) and distributional (number of shared species) patterns are generally concordant with recognized biogeographical provinces in the Atlantic. The highly uneven distribution of species in certain genera appears to be related to their origin, with highest species richness in areas with the greatest phylogenetic depth. Diversity buildup in Atlantic reef fishes involved (1) diversification within each province, (2) isolation as a result of biogeographical barriers, and (3) stochastic accretion by means of dispersal between provinces. The timing of divergence events is not concordant among taxonomic groups. The three soft (non-terrestrial) inter-regional barriers (mid-Atlantic, Amazon, and Benguela) clearly act as 'filters' by restricting dispersal but at the same time allowing occasional crossings that apparently lead to the establishment of new populations and species. Fluctuations in the effectiveness of the filters, combined with ecological differences among provinces, apparently provide a mechanism for much of the recent diversification of reef fishes in the Atlantic. Main conclusions Our data set indicates that both historical events (e.g. Tethys closure) and relatively recent dispersal (with or without further speciation) have had a strong influence on Atlantic tropical marine biodiversity and have contributed to the biogeographical patterns we observe today; however, examples of the latter process outnumber those of the former. C1 [Floeter, S. R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Floeter, S. R.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Lab Biogeog & Macroecol Marinha, Dept Ecol & Zool, BR-88010 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Rocha, L. A.; Bowen, B. W.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Robertson, D. R.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO 34002, AA, Panama. [Joyeux, J. C.; Gasparini, J. L.] Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Dept Ecol & Recursos Nat, BR-29060 Vitoria, ES, Brazil. [Smith-Vaniz, W. F.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Wirtz, P.] Univ Algarve, Ctr Ciencias Mar, P-8000117 Faro, Portugal. [Edwards, A. J.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Barreiros, J. P.] Univ Fed Fluminense, Dept Biol Marinha, BR-24001970 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. [Ferreira, C. E. L.] Univ La Laguna, Dpto Biol Anim Ciencias Marinas, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. [Brito, A.; Falcon, J. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Floeter, SR (reprint author), Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Lab Biogeog & Macroecol Marinha, Dept Ecol & Zool, BR-88010 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. EM floeter@ccb.ufsc.br RI Edwards, Alasdair/C-9558-2009; Bernardi, Giacomo/F-6346-2011; Floeter, Sergio/B-1438-2012; Rocha, Luiz/C-5107-2011; Ferreira, Carlos Eduardo /J-2571-2012; UALG, CCMAR/N-7071-2013; Barreiros, Joao Pedro/D-3078-2014 OI Edwards, Alasdair/0000-0002-2979-7389; Bernardi, Giacomo/0000-0002-8249-4678; Barreiros, Joao Pedro/0000-0003-4531-6685 NR 165 TC 206 Z9 217 U1 4 U2 76 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 BP 22 EP 47 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01790.x PG 26 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 240KW UT WOS:000251587500002 ER PT J AU Are, F Reimnitz, E Grigoriev, M Hubberten, HW Rachold, V AF Are, F. Reimnitz, E. Grigoriev, M. Hubberten, H. -W. Rachold, V. TI The influence of cryogenic processes on the erosional arctic shoreface SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coastal dynamics; permafrost; sea ice effect; cryogenic coastal processes; shoreface boundary; mathematical analysis ID CANADIAN BEAUFORT SEA; EQUILIBRIUM PROFILE; BEACH PROFILES; ICE; SEDIMENT; ALASKA; MORPHOLOGY; TRANSPORT; NEARSHORE AB Coastal dynamics and shoreface relief in ice-free seas are a function of hydrodynamic interactions between the sea and bottom sediments. In the Arctic, additional, cryogenic factors such as permafrost and the action of sea ice influence coastal processes. The goal of our paper is to assess this influence, mainly on the profile shape. Mathematical analyses of the shape of 63 shoreface profiles from the Laptev, Beaufort, and Chukchi Seas were carried out. The shapes of Arctic shoreface profiles and those of ice-free seas are compared. We found that large ice and silt content in perennially frozen sediments composing Arctic coasts favor their erosion. Sea ice plays an important role in sediment transport on the shoreface and correspondingly changes shoreface relief significantly. Some effects of ice intensify coastal erosion considerably, but others play a protective role. The overall influence of cryogenic processes on Arctic coasts composed of loose sediments is seen in that the average rate of coastal retreat is larger than in the temperate environments, even though Arctic coasts are protected by a continuous ice cover most of the year. The shape of the shoreface profile in the Arctic does not differ from that in ice-free seas, and is satisfactorily described by the Bruun/Dean equilibrium profile equation. The explanation of this fact is that all changes of the profile shape, caused by cryogenic processes, are short lived and quickly eliminated by wave action. C1 [Are, F.] Petersburg State Univ Means Commun, St Petersburg 130091, Russia. [Hubberten, H. -W.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Res Unit Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Reimnitz, E.] US Geol Survey, El Granada, CA 94018 USA. [Rachold, V.] Int Arct Sci Committee, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Grigoriev, M.] Russian Acad Sci, Permafrost Inst, Siberian Branch, Yakutsk 677010, Russia. RP Are, F (reprint author), Petersburg State Univ Means Commun, Moskovsky Av 9, St Petersburg 130091, Russia. EM volker.rachold@iasc.se NR 55 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 16 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 110 EP 121 DI 10.2112/05-0573.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 254NF UT WOS:000252592600012 ER PT J AU Haas, KA Check, LA Hanes, DM AF Haas, Kevin A. Check, Lindsay A. Hanes, Daniel M. TI Modeling the effects of wave skewness and beach cusps on littoral sand transport SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE littoral transport; wave skewness; beach cusps ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AB A process-based numerical modeling system is utilized for predicting littoral sand transport. The intent is to examine conditions slightly more complex than linear waves impinging upon a plane beach. Two factors that we examine are wave skewness and longshore varying bathymetry. Am empirical model is used for calculating the skewed bottom wave orbital velocity. The advection of sediment due to the skewed wave velocity is larger and in the direction of the waves, opposite to the results with sinusoidal wave velocities, due to the increase in the bottom shear stress under the wave crests. The model system is also applied to bathymetry containing beach cusps. When the wave field has relatively weak longshore wave power, the currents and the littoral transport exhibit significant longshore variability, thereby altering the overall mean littoral transport. C1 [Haas, Kevin A.] Georgia Tech Savannah, Savannah, GA 31407 USA. [Check, Lindsay A.] Envirodesign Inc, Dawsonville, GA 30534 USA. [Hanes, Daniel M.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Haas, KA (reprint author), Georgia Tech Savannah, 210 Technol Circle, Savannah, GA 31407 USA. EM kevin.haas@gtsav.gatech.edu; lcheck@envirodesign.com; dhanes@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4C SU S BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.2112/06-0759.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 328SP UT WOS:000257818400016 ER PT J AU Carnahan, EA Hoare, AA Hallock, P Lidz, BH Reich, CD AF Carnahan, Elizabeth A. Hoare, Ana A. Hallock, Pamela Lidz, Barbara H. Reich, Christopher D. TI Distribution of heavy metals and foraminiferal assemblages in sediments of Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ammonia; Archaias; copper zinc; mercury; lead ID BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; QUALITY TRIAD; POLLUTION; CONTAMINATION; MARINE; PROXIES; HARBOR; FJORD; RIVER AB Heavy-metal pollution is an issue of concern in estuaries influenced by agriculture, urban, and harbor activities. Foraminiferal assemblages have been shown to be effective indicators of pollution. Sediment samples (n = 110) from Biscayne Bay were analyzed for heavy metals., foraminiferal assemblages, and grain-size distribution. Highest Cu, Zn, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Ni concentrations were found closest to Miami and near the mouths of several canals along the western margin of the bay. Few samples exceeded limits of possible biological effects as defined by previous studies. Ammonia and Cribroelphidium, two known stress-tolerant genera, correlated positively with Cu, Zn, Hg, and Ni (r >= 0.43). Symbiont-bearing foraminifers, Archaias, Laevipeneroplis, and Androsina, correlated negatively with Cu, Zn, Hg, and Ni (r <= -0.26). C1 [Carnahan, Elizabeth A.; Hoare, Ana A.; Hallock, Pamela] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Lidz, Barbara H.; Reich, Christopher D.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Carnahan, EA (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM libby.carnahan@excite.com NR 53 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.2112/06-0666.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 254NF UT WOS:000252592600016 ER PT J AU Poppe, LJ Williams, SJ Moser, MS Forfinski, NA Stewart, HF Doran, EF AF Poppe, Lawrence J. Williams, S. Jeffress Moser, Marc S. Forfinski, Nicholas A. Stewart, Helen F. Doran, Elizabeth F. TI Quaternary geology and sedimentary processes in the vicinity of Six Mile Reef, eastern Long Island Sound SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE multibeam bathymetry; geological framework; estuary; coarse bedload transport; sand waves; obstacle marks; barchanoid ID SAND WAVE-FIELD; SEA; STABILITY; ESTUARY; FORMS AB Six Mile Reef, a sandy, 22-m-high shoal trending east-west and located about 7.8 km off the Connecticut coast, has a core of postglacial marine deltaic deposits mantled by tidally reworked modern sediments. Sedimentary environments off the eastern end of the shoal are characterized by processes associated with long-term erosion or nondeposition, a mobile-sediment-limited seafloor armored by gravelly sand, and scattered elongate fields of barchanoid sand waves. The barchanoid waves reach amplitudes of 20 m, are concave westward, and occur in individual and coalesced forms that become progressively more complex westward. The seafloor on and adjacent to the shoal is characterized by processes associated with coarse bedload transport and covered primarily with asymmetrical transverse sand waves. The transverse waves exceed 8 m in amplitude, have slip faces predominantly oriented to the west and southwest, and have straight, slightly sinuous, and curved crests. Megaripples, which mimic the asymmetry of the sand waves, are commonly present on stoss slopes and in troughs; current ripples are ubiquitous. The amplitude and abundance of large bedforms decrease markedly westward of Six Mile Reef. The seabed there is covered with small, degraded ripples, reflecting lower-energy environments and processes associated with sorting and reworking of seafloor sediments. Megaripples and current ripples on the sand waves suggest that transport is active and that the bedforms are propagating under the present hydraulic regime. Net bedload sediment transport is primarily to the west, as evidenced by textural trends of surficial sediments, orientation of the barchanoid waves, and asymmetry of the transverse waves and of the scour marks around bedrock outcrops, boulders, and shipwrecks. One exception occurs at the western tip of the shoal, where sand-wave morphology indicates long-term eastward transport, suggesting that countercurrents in this area shape the shoal and are important to its maintenance. C1 [Poppe, Lawrence J.; Williams, S. Jeffress] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Moser, Marc S.; Forfinski, Nicholas A.; Stewart, Helen F.] NOAA, Atlantic Hydrog Branch, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. [Doran, Elizabeth F.] Connecticut Dept Environm Protect, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. RP Poppe, LJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM lpoppe@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 255 EP 266 DI 10.2112/06-0743.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 254NF UT WOS:000252592600024 ER PT J AU Kalkan, E Gulkan, P Ozturk, NY Celebi, M AF Kalkan, E. Gulkan, P. Ozturk, N. Yilmaz Celebi, M. TI Seismic hazard in the Istanbul Metropolitan Area: A preliminary re-evaluation SO JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Earthquake Loss Estimation for Turkey CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Istanbul, TURKEY DE sea of Marmara region; probabilistic seismic hazard; ground-motion prediction ID NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT; GROUND MOTION; MARMARA SEA; WESTERN TURKEY; ACTIVE FAULTS; EARTHQUAKE; SLIP; REGION; REFLECTION; MAGNITUDE AB In 1999, two destructive earthquakes (M7.4 Kocaeli and M7.2 Duzce) occurred in the north west of Turkey and resulted in major stress-drops on the western segment of the North Anatolian Fault system where it continues under the Marmara Sea. These undersea fault segments were recently explored using bathymetric and reflection surveys. These recent findings helped to reshape the seismotectonic environment of the Marmara basin, which is a perplexing tectonic domain. Based on collected new information, seismic hazard of the Marmara region, particularly Istanbul Metropolitan Area and its vicinity, were re-examined using a probabilistic approach. Two seismic source and alternate recurrence models combined with various indigenous and "foreign'' attenuation relationships were adapted within a logic tree formulation to quantify and project the regional exposure on a set of hazard maps. The hazard maps show the peak horizontal ground acceleration and spectral acceleration at 1.0 s. These acceleration levels were computed for 2 and 10 % probabilities of transcendence in 50 years. C1 [Kalkan, E.] Calif Geol Survey, Seism Hazard Mapping Program, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Gulkan, P.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Ozturk, N. Yilmaz] Earthquake Res Dept, Gen Directorate Disaster Affair, Ankara, Turkey. [Celebi, M.] USGS, Western Region Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Kalkan, E (reprint author), Calif Geol Survey, Seism Hazard Mapping Program, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. EM kalkan76@msn.com NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1363-2469 EI 1559-808X J9 J EARTHQ ENG JI J. Earthqu. Eng. PY 2008 VL 12 SU 2 BP 151 EP 164 DI 10.1080/13632460802013925 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 318PQ UT WOS:000257104500016 ER PT J AU Kannan, K Moon, HB Yun, SH Agusa, T Thomas, NJ Tanabe, S AF Kannan, Kurunthachalam Moon, Hyo-Bang Yun, Se Hun Agusa, Tetsuro Thomas, Nancy J. Tanabe, Shinsuke TI Chlorinated, brominated, and perfluorinated compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trace elements in livers of sea otters from California, Washington, and Alaska (USA), and Kamchatka (Russia) SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; ALEUTIAN ARCHIPELAGO; POPULATION DECLINES; COASTAL CALIFORNIA; SOUTHERN; ACCUMULATION; OIL AB Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (DDTs, HCHs, and chlordanes), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), and 20 trace elements were determined in livers of 3- to 5-year old stranded sea otters collected from the coastal waters of California, Washington, and Alaska (USA) and from Kamchatka (Russia). Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and PBDEs were high in sea otters collected from the California coast. Concentrations of DDTs were 10-fold higher in California sea otters than in otters from other locations; PCB concentrations were 5-fold higher, and PBDE concentrations were 2-fold higher, in California sea otters than in otters from other locations. Concentrations of PAHs were higher in sea otters from Prince William Sound than in sea otters from other locations. Concentrations of several trace elements were elevated in sea otters collected from California and Prince William Sound. Elevated concentrations of Mn and Zn in sea otters from California and Prince William Sound were indicative of oxidative stress-related injuries in these two populations. Concentrations of all of the target compounds, including trace elements, that were analyzed in sea otters from Kamchatka were lower than those found from the US coastal locations. C1 [Kannan, Kurunthachalam; Moon, Hyo-Bang; Yun, Se Hun] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Agusa, Tetsuro; Tanabe, Shinsuke] Ehime Univ, CMES, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Thomas, Nancy J.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Kannan, K (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Empire State Plaza,POB 509, Albany, NY 12201 USA. EM kkannan@wadsworth.org RI Tanabe, Shinsuke/G-6950-2013 NR 32 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 EI 1464-0333 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 4 BP 552 EP 558 DI 10.1039/b718596k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 283PJ UT WOS:000254648300019 PM 18385877 ER PT J AU Hinck, JE Schmitt, CJ Ellersieck, MR Tillitt, DE AF Hinck, Jo Ellen Schmitt, Christopher J. Ellersieck, Mark R. Tillitt, Donald E. TI Relations between and among contaminant concentrations and biomarkers in black bass (Micropterus spp.) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from large US rivers, 1995-2004 SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISH; FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; SOUTHERN NORTH-SEA; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS; ZINC CONCENTRATIONS; REPRODUCTIVE STATUS; HEALTH INDICATORS; TEMPORAL TRENDS AB Environmental contaminant and biomarker monitoring data from major U. S. river basins were summarized for black bass (Micropterus spp.) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) sampled over a nine year period. Cumulative frequency distributions revealed taxon differences for many organochlorine residue concentrations, elemental contaminant concentrations, and biomarkers, but few gender differences were evident for chemical concentrations. Concentrations of dacthal, pentachloroanisole, p, p'-DDE, endosulfan sulfate, barium, cadmium, copper, manganese, lead, selenium, vanadium, and zinc were greater in carp than bass, but concentrations of mercury and magnesium were greater in bass. Gender differences were evident in bass for mercury and in carp for zinc, but the differences were small compared to taxon differences. Greater vitellogenin concentrations, 17 beta-estradiol concentrations, 17 beta-estradiol/11-ketotestosterone ratios, and percent oocyte atresia in female carp compared to female bass may be related to the sequential spawning of carp. Regression analyses indicated that as much as 78% of biomarker variation was explained by chemical contaminant concentrations. Sites grouped consistently by river basin in the chemical contaminant principal components analysis (PCA) models and were driven by mercury, magnesium, barium, mirex, and oxychlordane. PCA models for the biomarkers did not group the sites by basin for either bass or carp. Statistical analyses and data interpretation were limited by the study design. The implications of these limitations are discussed. Recommendations to be considered during the planning of future monitoring studies include the exclusion of gender- and species-specific sampling for certain chemical contaminants considering analytical methods with appropriate sensitivities; and allowing for the addition of new chemical and biological variables as methods and information needs evolve. C1 [Hinck, Jo Ellen; Schmitt, Christopher J.; Tillitt, Donald E.] Columbia Environm Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Ellersieck, Mark R.] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Hinck, JE (reprint author), Columbia Environm Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 69 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 EI 1464-0333 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 12 BP 1499 EP 1518 DI 10.1039/b811011e PG 20 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 384KJ UT WOS:000261743400014 PM 19037492 ER PT J AU Hall, DK Williams, RS Luthcke, SB Digirolamo, NE AF Hall, Dorothy K. Williams, Richard S., Jr. Luthcke, Scott B. Digirolamo, Nicolo E. TI Greenland ice sheet surface temperature, melt and mass loss: 2000-06 SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; MIDTROPOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; WEST GREENLAND; CLEAR-SKY; BALANCE; SATELLITE; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; MODIS; ACCELERATION AB A daily time series of 'clear-sky' surface temperature has been compiled of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) using 1 km resolution moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) land-surface temperature (LST) maps from 2000 to 2006. We also used mass-concentration data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to study mass change in relationship to surface melt from 2003 to 2006. The mean LST of the GIS increased during the study period by similar to 0.27 degrees C a(-1). The increase was especially notable in the northern half of the ice sheet during the winter months. Melt-season length and timing were also studied in each of the six major drainage basins. Rapid (<15 days) and sustained mass loss below 2000 m elevation was triggered in 2004 and 2005 as recorded by GRACE when surface melt begins. Initiation of large-scale surface melt was followed rapidly by mass loss. This indicates that surface meltwater is flowing rapidly to the base of the ice sheet, causing acceleration of outlet glaciers, thus highlighting the metastability of parts of the GIS and the vulnerability of the ice sheet to air-temperature increases. If air temperatures continue to rise over Greenland, increased surface melt will play a large role in ice-sheet mass loss. C1 [Hall, Dorothy K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Williams, Richard S., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Luthcke, Scott B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Digirolamo, Nicolo E.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Hall, DK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Code 614-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM dorothy.k.hall@nasa.gov RI Hall, Dorothy/D-5562-2012; Luthcke, Scott/D-6283-2012 NR 64 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 12 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2008 VL 54 IS 184 BP 81 EP 93 DI 10.3189/002214308784409170 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 282CS UT WOS:000254545800008 ER PT J AU Motyka, R Lawson, D Finnegan, D Kalli, G Molnia, B Arendt, A AF Motyka, Roman Lawson, Daniel Finnegan, David Kalli, George Molnia, Bruce Arendt, Anthony TI Hubbard Glacier update: another closure of Russell Fiord in the making? SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Motyka, Roman] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lawson, Daniel; Finnegan, David] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Kalli, George] USA, Corps Engineers, Anchorage, AK 99506 USA. [Molnia, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Arendt, Anthony] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Motyka, R (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jfrjm@uas.alaska.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2008 VL 54 IS 186 BP 562 EP 564 DI 10.3189/002214308785837066 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 346ZK UT WOS:000259107900019 ER PT J AU McGwire, KC McConnell, JR Alley, RB Banta, JR Hargreaves, GM Taylor, KC AF McGwire, Kenneth C. McConnell, Joseph R. Alley, Richard B. Banta, John R. Hargreaves, Geoffrey M. Taylor, Kendrick C. TI Dating annual layers of a shallow Antarctic ice core with an optical scanner SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL GREENLAND; POLAR FIRN; ACCUMULATION; NORTHGRIP; RECORDS; GISP2; HOAR; DOME AB This study tests novel methods for automatically identifying annual layers in a shallow Antarctic ice core (WDC05Q) using images that were collected with an optical scanner at the US National Ice Core Laboratory. A new method of optimized variance maximization (OVM) modeled the density-related changes in annual layer thickness directly from image variance. This was done by using multi-objective complex (MOCOM) parameter optimization to drive a low-pass filtering scheme. The OVM-derived changes in annual layer thickness corresponded well with the results of an independent glaciochemical interpretation of the core. Individual annual cycles in image brightness were then identified by using OVM results to apply a depth-varying low-pass filter and fitting a second-order polynomial to a locally detrended neighborhood. The resulting map of annual cycles agreed to within 1% of the overall annual count of the glaciochemical interpretation. Agreement on the presence of specific annual layer features was 96%. It was also shown that the MOCOM parameter optimization could calibrate the image-based results to match directly the date of a specific volcanic marker. C1 [McGwire, Kenneth C.; McConnell, Joseph R.; Banta, John R.; Taylor, Kendrick C.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Alley, Richard B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hargreaves, Geoffrey M.] US Natl Ice Core Lab, USGS, DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP McGwire, KC (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM kenm@dri.edu RI Taylor, Kendrick/A-3469-2016 OI Taylor, Kendrick/0000-0001-8535-1261 FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) [OPP-0637004]; NSF OPP [0230149, 0440447, 0440817, 0440819, 0538427, 0539578] FX This work was funded by grant OPP-0637004 of the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs (OPP) and relied on efforts and data collected by NSF OPP awards 0230149, 0440447, 0440817, 0440819, 0538427 and 0539578. The hardware system for optical imaging was constructed by G. Hargreaves of the US National Ice Core Laboratory. Special thanks to the US Geological Survey (USGS) personnel and interns of NICL in supporting this effort, including T. Hinkley and E. Cravens. Thanks to R. Edwards, T. Cox, A. Fllis and C. Fox for assistance in the Desert Research Institute ultra-trace ice-core laboratory. Thanks to M. Spencer of Pennsylvania State University. Thanks to J. Vrugt for sharing his MATLAB (TM) version of the MOCOM code. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2008 VL 54 IS 188 BP 831 EP 838 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 416WS UT WOS:000264036800007 ER PT J AU Linkous, DH Flinn, JM Koh, JY Lanzirotti, A Bertsch, PM Jones, BF Giblin, LJ Frederickson, CJ AF Linkous, David H. Flinn, Jane M. Koh, Jae Y. Lanzirotti, Antonio Bertsch, Paul M. Jones, Blair F. Giblin, Leonard J. Frederickson, Christopher J. TI Evidence that the ZNT3 protein controls the total amount of elemental zinc in synaptic vesicles SO JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mossy fibers; ZNT3; glutamate; zinc release; hilus; X-ray; fluorescence; knockout ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MEMORY; BRAIN; MOUSE; MICE; HIPPOCAMPUS; TISSUE; TASK AB The ZNT3 protein decorates the presynaptic vesicles of central neurons harboring vesicular zinc, and deletion of this protein removes staining for zinc. However, it has been unclear whether only histochemically reactive zinc is lacking or if, indeed, total elemental zinc is missing from neurons lacking the Slc30a3 gene, which encodes the ZNT3 protein. The limitations of conventional histochemical procedures have contributed to this enigma. However, a novel technique, microprobe synchrotron X-ray fluorescence, reveals that the normal 2- to 3-fold elevation of zinc concentration normally present in the hippocampal mossy fibers is absent in Slc30a3 knockout (ZNT3) mice. Thus, the ZNT3 protein evidently controls not only the "stainability" but also the actual mass of zinc in mossy-fiber synaptic vesicles. This work thus confirms the metal-transporting role of the ZNT3 protein in the brain. C1 [Giblin, Leonard J.; Frederickson, Christopher J.] NeuroBioTex Inc, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. [Jones, Blair F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Bertsch, Paul M.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. [Lanzirotti, Antonio] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lanzirotti, Antonio] Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Koh, Jae Y.] Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Seoul, South Korea. [Linkous, David H.; Flinn, Jane M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Frederickson, CJ (reprint author), NeuroBioTex Inc, 101 Christopher Columbus Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. EM c.j.frederickson@neurobiotex.com RI Koh, Jae-Young/C-9014-2011 OI Koh, Jae-Young/0000-0002-4318-495X FU NIBIB NIH HHS [EB-003924, R01 EB003924]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS-41682, NS-42849, R01 NS042849, R43 NS041682, R44 NS041682] NR 18 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU HISTOCHEMICAL SOC INC PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT BIOSTRUCTURE, BOX 357420, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA SN 0022-1554 J9 J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM JI J. Histochem. Cytochem. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.1369/jhc.6A7035.2007 PG 4 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 242DR UT WOS:000251705200002 PM 17712179 ER PT J AU Holmes, RR Garcia, MH AF Holmes, Robert R., Jr. Garcia, Marcelo H. TI Flow over bedforms in a large sand-bed river: A field investigation SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE acoustics; ADCP; ADV; bedform; field investigation; sand-bed river; velocity profiles ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; MEAN FLOW; DUNES; FORMS; MECHANICS AB An experimental field study of flows over bedforms was conducted on the Missouri River near St. Charles, Missouri. Detailed velocity data were collected under two different flow conditions along bedforms in this sand-bed river. The large river-scale data reflect flow characteristics similar to those of laboratory-scale flows, with flow separation occurring downstream of the bedform crest and flow reattachment on the stoss side of the next downstream bedform. Wave-like responses of the flow to the bedforms were detected, with the velocity decreasing throughout the flow depth over bedform troughs, and the velocity increasing over bedform crests. Local and spatially averaged velocity distributions were logarithmic for both datasets. The reach-wise spatially averaged vertical-velocity profile from the standard velocity-defect model was evaluated. The vertically averaged mean flow velocities for the velocity-defect model were within 5% of the measured values and estimated spatially averaged point velocities were within 10% for the upper 90% of the flow depth. The velocity-defect model, neglecting the wake function, was evaluated and found to estimate the vertically averaged mean velocity within 1% of the measured values. C1 [Holmes, Robert R., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Garcia, Marcelo H.] Univ Illinois, Ven Te Chow Hydrosyst Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Holmes, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, 1201 W Univ Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bholmes@usgs.gov; mhgarcia@uiuc.edu NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI MADRID PA PASEO BAJO VIRGEN DEL PUERTO, 3, 28005 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 322 EP 333 DI 10.3826/jhr.2008.3040 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 319OD UT WOS:000257172400005 ER PT J AU Kulongoski, JT Hilton, DR Cresswell, RG Hostetter, S Jacobson, G AF Kulongoski, Justin T. Hilton, David R. Cresswell, Richard G. Hostetter, Stephen Jacobson, Gerry TI Helium-4 characteristics of groundwaters from Central Australia: Comparative chronology with chlorine-36 and carbon-14 dating techniques SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE groundwater; chronometer; helium dating; carbon dating; chlorine-36 dating; Amadeus Basin ID GREAT ARTESIAN BASIN; MANTLE HELIUM FLUXES; RADIOGENIC HELIUM; AMADEUS BASIN; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; OLD GROUNDWATER; ACCUMULATION; CALIFORNIA; AQUIFERS; CRUSTAL AB Helium isotope and concentration characteristics were determined for a suite of groundwater samples from the Amadeus Basin in Central Australia. Two study areas include a wellfield south of Alice Springs, and the Dune Plains and Mututjulu aquifers near Uluru. Measurements of Cl-36/Cl and C-14 on the same sample suite enable us to assess the relative applicability of the three groundwater chronometers over a range of anticipated groundwater residence times (ages), and to investigate possible causes of discordant 'ages' derived from the different groundwater dating techniques. Results from the analyses of 39 groundwater samples reveal helium-4 (He-4) concentrations that range from 0.80 to 98.8 (x10(-7) cm(3) STP g(-1) H2O) in the Alice Springs samples, and from 0.47 to 65.6 (x10(-7) cm(3) STP g(-1) H2O) in the Uluru samples. 4 He concentrations yield uncorrected groundwater residence times (i.e. time since recharge) of between modern to >2500 ka (near Alice Springs) and modern to 1600 ka (near Uluru) assuming an effective porosity of 20%, and uranium and thorium contents of 1.7 and 6.1 ppm, respectively. Cl-36/Cl ratios on the same samples range from 93 to 158 (x10(-15)) (near Alice Springs) and from 80 to 335 (x10(-15)) (near Uluru) representing groundwater residence times near Alice Springs from modern to >200 ka, and from modern to >300 ka near Uluru. Percent modern carbon (pmc) on the same samples ranged from 64.9 to 12.5 pmc near Alice Springs, and from 93.5 to <2 pmc near Uluru. Corresponding 14 C residence times for the Alice Springs samples range from modern to 13.0 ka, and near Uluru from modern to >30 ka. For the Amadeus Basin groundwater samples, the He-4 method (uncorrected) over-estimates groundwater residence time compared to Cl-36 and C-14 techniques. This implies the presence of an extraneous He component or basal flux of He (J(0)). To reconcile groundwater He-4 and C-14 residence times, it is necessary to adopt J(0) values between 0 and 30 (x10(-8)) cm(3) STP He cm(-2) a(-1) which supplements in situ produced He within the aquifer. Adoption of J(0) values over this range towers He-4 residence times relative to Cl-36 and produces closer agreement between the He-4 and C-14 chronometers. The extraneous He component (basal flux) in Amadeus Basin samples is dominated by radiogenic crustal He-4 without a detectable amount of mantle-derived He-3. We conclude that the stable tectonic regime, albeit with the presence of major faults within the basin, inhibits the input of mantle volatiles to the groundwater system so that in this region, diffusion is the dominant transport mechanism for He in the crust. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kulongoski, Justin T.; Hilton, David R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Fluids & Volatiles Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cresswell, Richard G.] CSIRO Land & Water, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. [Hostetter, Stephen; Jacobson, Gerry] Bur Rural Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Kulongoski, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, California Water Sci Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM kulongos@usgs.gov; drhilton@ucsd.edu; Richard.cresswell@csiro.au; Stephen.Hostetter@brs.gov.au RI Hilton, David/B-7611-2008; OI Kulongoski, Justin/0000-0002-3498-4154 NR 60 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 348 IS 1-2 BP 176 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.09.048 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 254BX UT WOS:000252562500015 ER PT J AU Rixen, M Ferreira-Coelho, E Signell, R AF Rixen, M. Ferreira-Coelho, E. Signell, Richard TI Surface drift prediction in the Adriatic Sea using hyper-ensemble statistics on atmospheric, ocean and wave models: Uncertainties and probability distribution areas SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE forecast; surface drift; multi-model super-ensembles; linear regression; ocean models; atmospheric models; wave models ID PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; SATELLITE PRODUCTS; COASTAL REGIONS; SHORT-RANGE; SUPERENSEMBLE AB Despite numerous and regular improvements in underlying models, surface drift prediction in the ocean remains a challenging task because of our yet limited understanding of all processes involved. Hence, deterministic approaches to the problem are often limited by empirical assumptions on underlying physics. Multi-model hyper-ensemble forecasts, which exploit the power of an optimal local combination of available information including ocean, atmospheric and wave models, may show superior forecasting skills when compared to individual models because they allow for local correction and/or bias removal. In this work, we explore in greater detail the potential and limitations of the hyper-ensemble method in the Adriatic Sea, using a comprehensive surface drifter database. The performance of the hyper-ensembles and the individual models are discussed by analyzing associated uncertainties and probability distribution maps. Results suggest that the stochastic method may reduce position errors significantly for 12 to 72 h forecasts and hence compete with pure deterministic approaches. (c) 2007 NATO Undersea Research Centre (NURC). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rixen, M.; Ferreira-Coelho, E.] NATO, Undersea Res Ctr, I-19026 La Spezia, Italy. [Signell, Richard] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ferreira-Coelho, E.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Rixen, M (reprint author), NATO, Undersea Res Ctr, Viale San Bartolomeo 400, I-19026 La Spezia, Italy. EM rixen@nurc.nato.int; coelho@nrlssc.navy.mil; rsignell@usgs.gov OI Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613 NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 86 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.02.015 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 243FB UT WOS:000251779400008 ER PT J AU Signell, RP Carniel, S Chiggiato, J Janekovic, I Pullen, J Sherwood, CR AF Signell, Richard P. Carniel, Sandro Chiggiato, Jacopo Janekovic, Ivica Pullen, Julie Sherwood, Christopher R. TI Collaboration tools and techniques for large model datasets SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE data collections; information systems; modelling; Adriatic sea AB In MREA and many other marine applications, it is common to have multiple models running with different grids, run by different institutions. Techniques and tools are described for low-bandwidth delivery of data from large multidimensional datasets, such as those from meteorological and oceanographic models, directly into generic analysis and visualization tools. Output is stored using the NetCDF CF Metadata Conventions, and then delivered to collaborators over the web via OPeNDAP. OPeNDAP datasets served by different institutions are then organized via THREDDS catalogs. Tools and procedures are then used which enable scientists to explore data on the original model grids using tools they are familiar with. It is also low-bandwidth, enabling users to extract just the data they require, an important feature for access from ship or remote areas. The entire implementation is simple enough to be handled by modelers working with their webmasters - no advanced programming support is necessary. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Signell, Richard P.; Sherwood, Christopher R.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Signell, Richard P.] NATO, Undersea Res Ctr, I-19138 La Spezia, Italy. [Carniel, Sandro] CNR, Inst Marine Sci, I-30125 Venice, Italy. [Chiggiato, Jacopo] ARPA Emilia Romagna, Serv IdroMeteorol, I-40122 Bologna, Italy. [Janekovic, Ivica] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Ctr Marine & Environm Res, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Pullen, Julie] USN, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Signell, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM rsignell@usgs.gov RI Carniel, Sandro/J-9278-2012; Janekovic, Ivica/N-7639-2013; CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; OI Carniel, Sandro/0000-0001-8317-1603; CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Chiggiato, Jacopo/0000-0002-0998-6473; Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 154 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.02.013 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 243FB UT WOS:000251779400014 ER PT J AU Gibb, HJ Kozlov, K Buckley, JP Centeno, J Jurgenson, V Kolker, A Conko, K Landa, E Panov, B Panov, Y Xu, HN AF Gibb, Herman Jones Kozlov, Kostj Buckley, Jessie Poulin Centeno, Jose Jurgenson, Vera Kolker, Allan Conko, Kathryn Landa, Edward Panov, Boris Panov, Yuri Xu, Hanna TI Biomarkers of mercury exposure at a mercury recycling facility in Ukraine SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE blood mercury; hair mercury; mercury recycling; nail mercury; occupational mercury; urinary mercury ID WORKERS; VAPOR AB This study evaluates biomarkers of occupational mercury exposure among workers at a mercury recycling operation in Gorlovka, Ukraine. The 29 study participants were divided into three occupational categories for analysis: (1) those who worked in the mercury recycling operation (Group A, n = 8), (2) those who worked at the facility but not in the yard where the recycling was done (Group B, n = 14), and (3) those who did not work at the facility (Group C, n = 7). Urine, blood, hair, and nail samples were collected from the participants, and a questionnaire was administered to obtain data on age, gender, occupational history, smoking, alcohol consumption, fish consumption, tattoos, dental amalgams, home heating system, education, source of drinking water, and family employment in the former mercury mine/smelter located on the site of the recycling facility. Each factor was tested in a univariate regression with total mercury in urine, blood, hair, and nails. Median biomarker concentrations were 4.04 mu g/g- Cr (urine), 2.58 mu g/L (blood), 3.95 mu g/g (hair), and 1.16 mu g/g (nails). Occupational category was significantly correlated (p < 0.001) with both blood and urinary mercury concentrations but not with hair or nail mercury. Four individuals had urinary mercury concentrations in a range previously found to be associated with subtle neurological and subjective symptoms (e. g., fatigue, loss of appetite, irritability), and one worker had a urinary mercury concentration in a range associated with a high probability of neurological effects and proteinuria. Comparison of results by occupational category found that workers directly involved with the recycling operation had the highest blood and urinary mercury levels. Those who worked at the facility but were not directly involved with the recycling operation had higher levels than those who did not work at the facility. C1 [Gibb, Herman Jones; Buckley, Jessie Poulin; Jurgenson, Vera] Sci Int Inc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. [Kozlov, Kostj] Ukraine Inst Occupat Hlth, Kiev, Ukraine. [Centeno, Jose; Xu, Hanna] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. [Kolker, Allan; Conko, Kathryn; Landa, Edward] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Panov, Boris; Panov, Yuri] Donetsk Natl Tech Univ, Donetsk, Ukraine. RP Gibb, HJ (reprint author), Sci Int Inc, 1800 Diagonal Rd,Suite 500, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. EM hgibb@sciences.com OI Conko, Kathryn/0000-0001-6361-4921 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 8 BP 483 EP 489 DI 10.1080/15459620802174432 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 317ID UT WOS:000257012400004 PM 18569515 ER PT J AU Rigby, JK Rohr, DM Blodgett, RB Britt, BB AF Rigby, J. Keith Rohr, David M. Blodgett, Robert B. Britt, Brooks B. TI Silurian sponges and some associated fossils from the Heceta Limestone, Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALEXANDER TERRANE AB A small faunule of hypercalcified agelasiid demosponges has been recovered from outcrops of the Silurian Heceta Formation on Prince of Wales Island in southeastern Alaska. Included are abundant Girtyocoeliana epiporata (Rigby and Potter, 1986), of the Girtyocoeliidae Finks and Rigby, 2004; fragments of Alaskaspongiella laminosa n. gen. and sp., Polyplacospongia nodosa n. gen. and sp., and Monolaminospongia gigantia n. gen. and sp., of the Auriculospongiidae Termier and Termier, 1977, and Cladospongia alaskensis n. gen. and sp., Virgulaspongia uniforma n. gen. and sp., and Stipespongia laminata n. gen. and sp. of the Preperonidellidae Finks and Rigby, 2004. Also included are a few fossils of uncertain taxonomic placement, including Turbospongia biperforata n. gen. and sp., along with a small, chambered, tubular fragment and several porous tubular stems that may be additional poriferans. Some isolated octactine-based heteractinid spicules were also recovered from the etched residues. C1 [Rigby, J. Keith; Britt, Brooks B.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Rohr, David M.] Sul Ross Univ, Dept Earth & Phys Sci, Alpine, TX 79832 USA. [Blodgett, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Rigby, JK (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, S-389 ESC, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM rigbyjkeith@qwest.net; drohr@sulross.edu; rblodgett@usgs.gov; brooks_britt@byu.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 EI 1937-2337 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 82 IS 1 BP 91 EP 101 DI 10.1666/06-047.1 PG 11 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 250HN UT WOS:000252290700005 ER PT J AU Pizzuto, JE Moody, JA Meade, RH AF Pizzuto, James E. Moody, John A. Meade, Robert H. TI Anatomy and dynamics of a floodplain, Powder River, Montana, USA SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-STRESS; SEDIMENTATION; PARTICLES; LEVEE; RATES; MODEL; SAND AB Centimeter-scale measurements on several Powder River floodplains provide insights into the nature of overbank depositional processes that created the floodplains during a 20-year period after a major flood in 1978. Rising stages initially entered across a sill at the downriver end of the floodplains. Later, as stages continued to rise, water entered the floodplains through distinct low saddles along natural levees. The annual maximum depth of water over the levee crest averaged 0.19 m from 1983 through 1996, and the estimated flow velocities were approximately 0.15 m s(-1). Water ponded in the floodplain trough, a topographic low between the natural levee and the pre-flood riverbank, and mud settled as thin layers of nearly constant thickness. Mud layers alternated with sand layers, which were relatively thick near the channel. Together, these beds created a distinctive natural levee. In some locations, individual flood deposits began as a thin mud layer that gradually coarsened upwards to medium-grained sand. Coarsening-upwards sequences form initially as mud because only the uppermost layers of water in the channel supply the first overbank flows, which are rich in mud but starved of sand. At successively higher stages, fine sands and then medium sands increase in concentration in the floodwater and are deposited as fine- and medium-sand layers overlying the initial mud layer. Theoretical predictions from mathematical models of sediment transport by advection and diffusion indicate that these processes acting alone are unlikely to create the observed sand layers of nearly uniform thickness that extend across much of the floodplain. We infer that other transport processes, notably bedload transport, must be important along Powder River. Even with the centimeter-scale measurements of floodplain deposits, daily hydraulic data, and precise annual surface topographic surveys, we were unable to determine any clear correspondence between the gauged flow record of overbank floods and the depositional layers mapped in the floodplain. These results provide a detailed example of floodplain deposits and depositional processes that should prove useful for interpreting natural levee deposits in a variety of geologic settings. C1 [Pizzuto, James E.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Moody, John A.; Meade, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Pizzuto, JE (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM pizzuto@udel.edu NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 9 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1-2 BP 16 EP 28 DI 10.2110/jsr.2008.005 PG 13 WC Geology SC Geology GA 257SM UT WOS:000252818800003 ER PT J AU Huang, X Finkelman, RB AF Huang, Xi Finkelman, Robert B. TI Understanding the chemical properties of macerals and minerals in coal and its potential application for occupational lung disease prevention SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; WORKERS SIMPLE PNEUMOCONIOSIS; PROGRESSIVE MASSIVE FIBROSIS; UNITED-STATES; DUST EXPOSURE; BIOAVAILABLE IRON; BITUMINOUS COAL; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Recent increases in oil price further strengthen the argument that coal and coal products will play an increasingly important role in fulfilling the energy needs of our society. Coal is an aggregate of heterogeneous substances composed of organic (macerals) and inorganic (minerals) materials. The objective of this review was to assess whether some chemical parameters in coal play a role in producing environmental health problems. Basic properties of coal - such as chemical forms of the organic materials, structure, compositions of minerals - vary from one coal mine region to another as well as from coals of different ranks. Most importantly, changes in chemical properties of coals due to exposure to air and humidity after mining - a dynamic process - significantly affect toxicity attributed to coal and environmental fate. Although coal is an extremely complex and heterogeneous material, the fundamental properties of coal responsible for environmental and adverse health problems are probably related to the same inducing components of coal. For instance, oxidation of pyrite (FeS2) in the coal forms iron sulfate and sulfuric acid, which produces occupational lung diseases (e.g., pneumoconiosis) and other environmental problems (e.g., acid mine drainage and acid rain). Calcite (CaCO3) contained in certain coals alters the end products of pyrite oxidation, which may make these coals less toxic to human inhalation and less hazardous to environmental pollution. Finally, knowledge gained on understanding of the chemical properties of coals is illustrated to apply for prediction of toxicity due to coal possibly before large-scale mining and prevention of occupational lung disease during mining. C1 [Huang, Xi] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Finkelman, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Huang, X (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, 550 1St Ave,PHL Room 802, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM huangx02@med.nyu.edu RI Banks, Tamara/G-3007-2012 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA016087]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES010344, ES000260]; NIOSH CDC HHS [OH03561] NR 173 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2008 VL 11 IS 1 BP 45 EP 67 DI 10.1080/10937400701600552 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 251AX UT WOS:000252343800004 PM 18176887 ER PT J AU Sarafanov, AG Todorov, TI Kajdacsy-Balla, A Gray, MA Macias, V Centeno, JA AF Sarafanov, Andrey G. Todorov, Todor I. Kajdacsy-Balla, Andre Gray, Marion A. Macias, Virgilia Centeno, Jose A. TI Analysis of iron, zinc, selenium and cadmium in paraffin-embedded prostate tissue specimens using inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Prostate; Paraffin-embedded tissue; ICP-MS; Trace metals; Cadmium ID CANCER; EXPOSURE; ELEMENT; DAMAGE; FRESH AB Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens represent a valuable and abundant resource Of pathologic material for various biomedical studies. In the present Study, we report the application of high-resolution inductively coupled mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS) for quantification of Fe, Zn, Se and Cd in FFPE prostate tissue. These elements have a possible role in the development of prostate diseases: while Zn and Se are needed for a healthy prostate, Cd shows Multiple toxic and carcinogenic effects. Excessive accumulation of Fe induces the production of highly reactive hydroxyl radical species, which may play a role in cancer etiopathogenesis. To assess whether the levels of these metals in the FFPE prostate tissue represent their original content, we compared their levels with those in the fresh tissue (on dry weight basis) in samples obtained from 15 patients. We found that in FFPE tissue, the recoveries of Se, Fe, Cd and Zn were progressively decreased, 97+/-11 % (r = 0.88), 82+/-22% (r = 0.86). 59+/-23% (r = 0.69) and 24 +/- 11% (r = 0.38), respectively. Thus, the use of correction factors, determined as k = 0.16 for Se, k = 0.20 for Fe. k = 0.27 for Cd and k = 0.67 for Zn, is required to estimate the retrospective levels of these elements in the parental non-processed fresh (wet) prostate tissue. The technique used in this Study enables the analysis of archival FFPE prostate tissue for the concentrations of Fe, Zn, Se and Cd to study association between the levels of these metals and prostate disease. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Sarafanov, Andrey G.; Centeno, Jose A.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Environm & Infect Dis Sci, Div Biophys Toxicol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. [Todorov, Todor I.] US Geol Survey, CICT, Denver, CO 80104 USA. [Kajdacsy-Balla, Andre; Macias, Virgilia] Univ Illinois, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Gray, Marion A.] James Cook Univ, Sch Publ Hlth Trop Med & Rehabil Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Centeno, JA (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Environm & Infect Dis Sci, Div Biophys Toxicol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. EM Centeno@afip.osd.mil FU US Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research Program of the Office of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs [PC051072]; American Registry of Pathology [1050-3056, 1050-3055] FX This study was supported, in part, by grants from US Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research Program of the Office of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (Grant number PC051072). and the American Registry of Pathology (Grant numbers 1050-3056 and 1050-3055). NR 46 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0946-672X J9 J TRACE ELEM MED BIO JI J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 305 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.jtemb.2008.03.010 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 384HB UT WOS:000261734800005 PM 19013358 ER PT J AU Rocke, TE Smith, S Marinari, P Kreeger, J Enama, JT Powel, BS AF Rocke, Tonie E. Smith, Susan Marinari, Paul Kreeger, Julie Enama, Jeffrey T. Powel, Bradford S. TI Vaccination with F1-V fusion protein protects black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) against plague upon oral challenge with Yersinia pestis SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE black-footed ferrets; F1-V protein; sylvatic plague; vaccine; Yersinia pestis ID ANTIGENS AB Previous studies have established that vaccination of black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) with F1-V fusion protein by subcutaneous (SC) injection protects the animals against plague upon injection of the bacterium Yersinia pestis. This study demonstrates that the F1-V antigen can Also protect ferrets against plague contracted via ingestion of a Y. pestis-infected mouse, a probable route for natural infection. Eight black-footed ferret kits were vaccinated with F1-V protein by SC injection at approximately 60 days-of-age. A booster vaccination was administered 3 mo later via SC injection. Four additional ferret kits received placebos. The animals were challenged 6 wk after the boost by feeding each one a Y. pestis-infected mouse. All eight vaccinates survived challenge, while the four controls succumbed to plague within 3 days after exposure. To determine the duration of antibody postvaccination, 18 additional black-footed ferret kits were vaccinated and boosted with F1-V by SC injection at 60 and 120 days-of-age. High titers to both F1 and V (mean reciprocal titers of 18,552 and 99,862, respectively) were found in all vaccinates up to 2 yr postvaccination, whereas seven control animals remained antibody negative throughout the same time period. C1 [Rocke, Tonie E.; Smith, Susan] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Marinari, Paul] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Black Footed Ferret Conservat Ctr, Wellington, CO 80549 USA. [Kreeger, Julie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Black Footed Ferret Conservat Ctr, Wheatland, WY 82201 USA. [Enama, Jeffrey T.; Powel, Bradford S.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Rocke, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM Tonie_Rocke@usgs.gov OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 10 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 262VW UT WOS:000253177100001 PM 18263816 ER PT J AU Starliper, CE AF Starliper, Clifford E. TI General and specialized media routinely employed for primary isolation of bacterial pathogens of fishes SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bacteria; bacteriologic media; culture; fish; freshwater; primary isolation ID PISCIRICKETTSIA-SALMONIS; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; SELECTIVE ISOLATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; FLAVOBACTERIUM-PSYCHROPHILUM; EDWARDSIELLA-TARDA; YERSINIA-RUCKERI; CAUSATIVE AGENT; COHO SALMON; SP-NOV AB There are a number of significant diseases among cultured and free-ranging freshwater fishes that have a bacterial etiology; these represent a variety of grain-negative and grain-positive genera. Confirmatory diagnosis of these diseases involves primary isolation of the causative bacterium on bacteriologic media. Frequently used "general" bacteriologic media simply provide the essential nutrients for growth. For most 4 the major pathogens, however, there are differential and/or selective media that facilitate primary recovery. Some specialized media are available as "ready-to-use" from suppliers, while others must be prepared. Differential media employ various types of indicator systems, such as pH indicators, that allow diagnosticians to observe assimilation of selected substrates. An advantage to the use of differential media for primary isolation is that they hasten bacterial characterization by yielding the appropriate positive or negative result for a particular substrate, often leading to a presumptive identification. Selective media also incorporate agent(s) that inhibit the growth of contaminants typically encountered with samples from aquatic environments. Media that incorporate differential and/or selective components are ideally based on characters that are unique to the targeted bacterium, and their use can reduce the time associated with diagnosis and facilitate early intervention in affected fish populations. in this review, the concepts of general and differential/selective bacteriologic media and their use and development for fish pathogens are discussed. The media routinely employed for primary isolation of the significant bacterial pathogens of fishes are presented. C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Starliper, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM starliper@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 121 EP 132 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 262VW UT WOS:000253177100012 PM 18263827 ER PT J AU Shaffer, TL Johnson, DH AF Shaffer, Terry L. Johnson, Douglas H. TI Ways of learning: Observational studies versus experiments SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE association; bias; causation; designed experiment; learning; matching; monitoring; observational study; randomization; sample survey AB Manipulative experimentation that features random assignment of treatments, replication, and controls is an effective way to determine causal relationships. Wildlife ecologists, however, often must take a more passive approach to investigating causality. Their observational studies lack one or more of the 3 cornerstones of experimentation: controls, randomization, and replication. Although an observational study can be analyzed similarly to an experiment, one is less certain that the presumed treatment actually caused the observed response. Because the investigator does not actively manipulate the system, the chance that something other than the treatment caused the observed results is increased. We reviewed observational studies and contrasted them with experiments and, to a lesser extent, sample survey. We identified features that distinguish each method of learning and illustrate or discuss some complications that may arise when analyzing results of observational studies. Findings from observational studies are prone to bias. Investigators can reduce the chance of reaching erroneous conclusions by formulating a priori hypotheses that can be pursued multiple ways and by evaluating the sensitivity of study conclusions to biases of various magnitudes. In the end, however, professional judgment that considers all available evidence is necessary to render a decision regarding causality based on observational studies. C1 [Shaffer, Terry L.] US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Shaffer, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM terry_shaffer@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 4 EP 13 DI 10.2193/2007-293 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 254YU UT WOS:000252624700002 ER PT J AU Grace, JB AF Grace, James B. TI Structural equation modeling for observational studies SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE anurans; Bayesian analysis; complex data; lynx; maximum likelihood; mongoose; path analysis; rabbits; statistics; structural equation modeling AB Structural equation modeling (SEM) represents a framework for developing and evaluating complex hypotheses about systems. This method of data analysis differs from conventional univariate and multivariate approaches familiar to most biologists in several wads. First, SEMs are multiequational and capable of representing a wide array of complex hypotheses about how system components interrelate. Second, models are typically developed based on theoretical knowledge and designed to represent competing hypotheses about the processes responsible for data structure. Third, SEM is conceptually based on the analysis of covariance relations. Most commonly, solutions are obtained using maximum-likelihood solution procedures, although a variety of solution procedures are used, including Bayesian estimation. Numerous extensions give SEM a very high degree of flexibility in dealing with nonnormal data, categorical responses, latent variables, hierarchical structure, multigroup comparisons, nonlinearities, and other complicating factors. Structural equation modeling allows researchers to address a variety of questions about systems, such as how different processes work in concert, how the influences of perturbations cascade through systems, and about the relative importance of different influences. I present 2 example applications of SEM, one involving interactions among lynx (Lynx pardinus), mongooses (Herpestes ichneumon), and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), and the second involving anuran species richness. Many wildlife ecologists may find SEM useful for understanding how populations function within their environments. Along with the capability of the methodology comes a need for care in the proper application of SEM. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Grace, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM Jim_Grace@usgs.gov RI Rohlf, F/A-8710-2008 NR 18 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 58 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 DI 10.2193/2007-307 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 254YU UT WOS:000252624700003 ER PT J AU Link, WA Sauer, JR Niven, DK AF Link, William A. Sauer, John R. Niven, Daniel K. TI Combining breeding bird survey and Christmas Bird Count data to evaluate seasonal components of population change in northern bobwhite SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Christmas Bird Count; hierarchical model; Markov chain Monte Carlo; North American Breeding Bird Survey; northern bobwhite; population change AB Annual surveys of wildlife populations provide information about annual rates of change in populations but provide no information about when such changes occur. However, by combining data from 2 annual surveys, conducted in different parts of the year, seasonal components of population change can be estimated. We describe a hierarchical model for simultaneous analysis of 2 continent-scale monitoring programs. The Christmas Bird Count is an early winter survey, whereas the North American Breeding Bird Survey is conducted in June. Combining information from these surveys permits estimation of seasonal population variance components and improves estimation of long-term population trends. The composite analysis also controls for survey-specific sampling effects. We applied the model to estimation of population change in northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus). Over the interval 1969-2004, bobwhite populations declined, with trend estimate of -3.56% per year (95% CI = [-3.80%, -3.32%]) in the surveyed portion of their range. Our analysis of seasonal population variance components indicated that northern bobwhite populations changed more in the winter and spring portion of the year than in the summer and fall portion of the year. C1 [Link, William A.; Sauer, John R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Niven, Daniel K.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Natl Audubon Soc, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Link, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM wlink@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 44 EP 51 DI 10.2193/2007-299 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 254YU UT WOS:000252624700006 ER PT J AU Nusser, SM Clark, WR Otis, DL Huang, L AF Nusser, Sarah M. Clark, William R. Otis, David L. Huang, Ling TI Sampling considerations for disease surveillance in wildlife populations SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE chronic wasting disease; disease detection; disease prevalence; sample design; surveillance; waiting time distribution ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; WHITE-TAILED DEER; NATURAL-RESOURCES; MULE DEER; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; DESIGN; ISSUES; BIAS AB Disease surveillance in wildlife populations involves detecting the presence of a disease, characterizing its prevalence and spread, and subsequent monitoring. A probability sample of animals selected from the population and corresponding estimators of disease prevalence and detection provide estimates with quantifiable statistical properties, but this approach is rarely used. Although wildlife scientists often assume probability sampling and random disease distributions to calculate sample sizes, convenience samples (i.e., samples of readily available animals) are typically used, and disease distributions are rarely random. We demonstrate how landscape-based simulation can be used to explore properties of estimators from convenience samples in relation to probability samples. We used simulation methods to model what is known about the habitat preferences of the wildlife population, the disease distribution, and the potential biases of the convenience-sample approach. Using chronic wasting disease in free-ranging deer (Odocoileus virginianus) as a simple illustration, we show that using probability sample designs with appropriate estimators provides unbiased surveillance parameter estimates but that the selection bias and coverage errors associated with convenience samples can lead to biased and misleading results. We also suggest practical alternatives to convenience samples that mix probability and convenience sampling. For example, a sample of land areas can be selected using a probability design that oversamples areas with larger animal populations, followed by harvesting of individual animals within sampled areas using a convenience sampling method. C1 [Nusser, Sarah M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Nusser, Sarah M.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Survey Stat & Methodol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Clark, William R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Otis, David L.] Iowa State Univ, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Huang, Ling] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Nusser, SM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, 222 Snedecor Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM nusser@iastate.edu NR 28 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.2193/2007-317 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 254YU UT WOS:000252624700007 ER PT J AU Arnett, EB Brown, WK Erickson, WP Fiedler, JK Hamilton, BL Henry, TH Jain, A Johnson, GD Kerns, J Koford, RR Nicholson, CP O'Connell, TJ Piorkowski, MD Tankersley, RD AF Arnett, Edward B. Brown, W. Kent Erickson, Wallace P. Fiedler, Jenny K. Hamilton, Brenda L. Henry, Travis H. Jain, Aaftab Johnson, Gregory D. Kerns, Jessica Koford, Rolf R. Nicholson, Charles P. O'Connell, Timothy J. Piorkowski, Martin D. Tankersley, Roger D., Jr. TI Patterns of bat fatalities at wind energy facilities in North America SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bat fatality; fatality searches; North America; wind energy facilities; wind turbines ID MORTALITY; BIRDS; MINNESOTA; TURBINES AB Wind has become one of the fastest growing sources of renewable energy worldwide, but widespread and often extensive fatalities of bats have increased concern regarding the impacts of wind energy development on bats and other wildlife. We synthesized available information on patterns of bat fatalities from a review of 21 postconstruction fatality studies conducted at 19 facilities in 5 United States regions and one Canadian province. Dominance of migratory, foliage- and tree-roosting lasiurine species (e.g., hoary bat [Lasiurus cincreus]) killed by turbines was consistent among studies. Bat fatalities, although highly variable and periodic, consistently peaked in late summer and fall, coinciding with migration of lasiurines and other species. A notable exception was documented fatalities of pregnant female Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) in May and June at a facility in Oklahoma, USA, and female silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) during spring in Tennessee, USA, and Alberta, Canada. Most studies reported that fatalities were distributed randomly across turbines at a site, although the highest number of fatalities was often found near the end Of turbine strings. Two studies conducted simultaneously in the same region documented similar timing of fatalities between sites, which suggests broader patterns of collisions dictated by weather, prey abundance, or other factors. None of the studies found differences in bat fatalities between turbines equipped with lighting required by the Federal Aviation Administration and turbines that were unlit. All studies that addressed relationships between bat fatalities and weather patterns found that most bats were killed on nights with low wind speed (<6 m/sec) and that fatalities increased immediately before and after passage of storm fronts. Weather patterns may be predictors of bat activity and fatality; thus, mitigation efforts that focus on these high-risk periods could reduce bat fatality substantially. We caution that estimates of bat fatality are conditioned by length of study and search interval and that they are biased in relation to how searcher efficiency, scavenger removal, and habitat differences were or were not accounted for. Our review will assist managers, biologists, and decision-makers with understanding unifying and unique patterns of bat fatality, biases, and limitations of existing efforts, and it will aid in designing future research needed to develop mitigation strategies for minimizing or eliminating bat fatality at wind facilities. C1 [Arnett, Edward B.] Bat Conservat Int, Austin, TX 78746 USA. [Brown, W. Kent] Terrestrial & Aquat Environm Managers Ltd, Calgary, AB T3C 3G9, Canada. [Erickson, Wallace P.; Johnson, Gregory D.] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82070 USA. [Fiedler, Jenny K.; Henry, Travis H.; Tankersley, Roger D., Jr.] Tennessee Valley Author, Reg Nat Heritage Program, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. [Hamilton, Brenda L.] BLH Environm Serv, Pincher Creek, AB T0K 1W0, Canada. [Jain, Aaftab] Iowa State Univ, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kerns, Jessica] Univ Maryland, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Koford, Rolf R.] Iowa State Univ, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Nicholson, Charles P.] Tennessee Valley Author Environm Stewardship & Po, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. [O'Connell, Timothy J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Piorkowski, Martin D.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Arnett, EB (reprint author), Bat Conservat Int, Austin, TX 78746 USA. EM earnett@batcon.org RI O'Connell, Timothy/A-2908-2011 OI O'Connell, Timothy/0000-0001-8215-2670 NR 75 TC 192 Z9 202 U1 22 U2 194 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 61 EP 78 DI 10.2193/2007-221 PG 18 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 254YU UT WOS:000252624700008 ER PT J AU Brainerd, SM Andren, H Bangs, EE Bradley, EH Fontaine, JA Hall, W Iliopoulos, Y Jimenez, MD Jozwiak, EA Liberg, O Mack, CM Meier, TJ Niemeyer, CC Pedersen, HC Sand, H Schultz, RN Smith, DW Wabakken, P Wydeven, AP AF Brainerd, Scott M. Andren, Henrik Bangs, Edward E. Bradley, Elizabeth H. Fontaine, Joseph A. Hall, Wayne Iliopoulos, Yorgos Jimenez, Michael D. Jozwiak, Elizabeth A. Liberg, Olof Mack, Curt M. Meier, Thomas J. Niemeyer, Carter C. Pedersen, Hans C. Sand, Haekan Schultz, Ronald N. Smith, Douglas W. Wabakken, Petter Wydeven, Adrian P. TI The effects of breeder loss on wolves SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE breeding wolves; Canis lupus; hunting; lethal control; management; reproduction; social organization; survival; territories; wolf ID WOLF CANIS-LUPUS; PAPINEAU-LABELLE RESERVE; GRAY WOLF; UNITED-STATES; PUP SURVIVAL; WILD WOLVES; PACK SIZE; POPULATION; RESTORATION; PRODUCTIVITY AB Managers of recovering wolf (Canis lupus) populations require knowledge regarding the potential impacts caused by the loss of territorial, breeding wolves when devising plans that aim to balance population goals with human concerns. Although ecologists have studied wolves extensively, we lack an understanding of this phenomenon as published records are sparse. Therefore, we pooled data (n = 134 cases) on 148 territorial breeding wolves (75 M and 73 F) from our research and published accounts to assess the impacts of breeder loss on wolf pup survival, reproduction, and territorial social groups. In 58 of 71 cases (84%), >= 1 pup survived, and the number or sex of remaining breeders (including multiple breeders) did not influence pup survival. Pups survived more frequently in groups of >6 wolves (90%) compared with smaller groups (68%). Auxiliary nonbreeders benefited pup survival, with pups surviving in 92% of cases where auxiliaries were present and 64% where they were absent. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the number of adult-sized wolves remaining after breeder loss, along with pup age, had the greatest influence on pup survival. Territorial wolves reproduced the following season in 47% of cases, and a greater proportion reproduced where one breeder had to be replaced (56%) versus cases where both breeders had to be replaced (9%). Group size was greater for wolves that reproduced the following season compared with those that did not reproduce. Large recolonizing (>75 wolves) and saturated wolf populations had similar times to breeder replacement and next reproduction, which was about half that for small recolonizing (<= 75 wolves) populations. We found inverse relationships between recolonizing population size and time to breeder replacement (r = -0.37) and time to next reproduction (r = -0.36). Time to breeder replacement correlated strongly with time to next reproduction (r = 0.97). Wolf social groups dissolved and abandoned their territories subsequent to breeder loss in 38% of cases. Where groups dissolved, wolves reestablished territories in 53% of cases, and neighboring wolves usurped territories in an additional 21% of cases. Fewer groups dissolved where breeders remained (26%) versus cases where breeders were absent (85%). Group size after breeder loss was smaller where groups dissolved versus cases where groups did not dissolve. To minimize negative impacts, we recommend that managers of recolonizing wolf populations limit lethal control to solitary individuals or territorial pairs where possible, because selective removal of pack members can be difficult. When reproductive packs are to be managed, we recommend that managers only remove wolves from reproductive packs when pups are >= 6 months old and packs contain >= 6 members (including >= 3 ad-sized wolves). Ideally, such packs should be close to neighboring packs and occur within larger ( >= 75 wolves) recolonizing populations. C1 [Brainerd, Scott M.] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Norwegian Assoc Hunters & Anglers, NO-1378 Nesbru, Norway. [Andren, Henrik] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, Grimso Wildlife Res Stn, SE-73091 Riddarhyttan, Sweden. [Bangs, Edward E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Bradley, Elizabeth H.] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Dillon, MT 59725 USA. [Fontaine, Joseph A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Hall, Wayne] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Babcock, WI 54413 USA. [Iliopoulos, Yorgos] Callisto Wildlife & Conservat Soc, GR-54621 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Jimenez, Michael D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Jozwiak, Elizabeth A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Liberg, Olof] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, Grimso Wildlife Res Stn, SE-73091 Riddarhyttan, Sweden. [Mack, Curt M.] Nez Perce Tribe Wolf Recovery, Dept Wildlife Management, McCall, ID 83638 USA. [Meier, Thomas J.] Natl Pk Serv, Denali Natl Pk & Preserve, Denali Natl Pk, AK 99755 USA. [Niemeyer, Carter C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Boise, ID 83709 USA. [Pedersen, Hans C.] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway. [Sand, Haekan] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, Grimso Wildlife Res Stn, SE-73091 Riddarhyttan, Sweden. [Schultz, Ronald N.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Woodruff, WI 54568 USA. [Smith, Douglas W.] Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Wolf Project, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. [Wabakken, Petter] Hedmard Univ Coll, Fac Forestry & Wildlife Management, NO-2480 Koppang, Norway. [Wydeven, Adrian P.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Park Falls, WI 54552 USA. RP Brainerd, SM (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Norwegian Assoc Hunters & Anglers, POB 94, NO-1378 Nesbru, Norway. EM scott.brainerd@nina.no NR 73 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 66 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.2193/2006-305 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 254YU UT WOS:000252624700010 ER PT J AU Williams, CK Samuel, MD Baranyuk, VV Cooch, EG Kraege, D AF Williams, Christopher K. Samuel, Michael D. Baranyuk, Vasily V. Cooch, Evan G. Kraege, Don TI Winter fidelity and apparent survival of lesser snow goose populations in the Pacific Flyway SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Banks Island; Chen caerulescens; mark-recapture; migration; Pacific Flyway; recruitment; snow goose; survival; Wrangel Island ID MATING SYSTEMS; SITE FIDELITY; CANADA GEESE; PHILOPATRY; BIRDS; CAERULESCENS; SELECTION; EVOLUTION; ECOLOGY; ISLAND AB The Beringia region of the Arctic contains 2 colonies of lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) breeding on Wrangel Island, Russia, and Banks Island, Canada, and wintering in North America. The Wrangel Island population is composed of 2 subpopulations from a sympatric breeding colony but separate wintering areas, whereas the Banks Island population shares a sympatric wintering area in California, USA, with one of the Wrangel Island subpopulations. The Wrangel Island colony represents the last major snow goose population in Russia and has fluctuated considerably since 1970, whereas the Banks Island population has more than doubled. The reasons for these changes are unclear, but hypotheses include independent population demographics (survival and recruitment) and immigration and emigration among breeding or wintering populations. These demographic and movement patterns have important ecological and management implications for understanding goose population structure, harvest of admixed populations, and gene flow among populations with separate breeding or wintering areas. From 1993 to 1996, we neckbanded molting birds at their breeding colonies and resighted birds on the wintering grounds. We used multistate mark-recapture models to evaluate apparent survival rates, resighting rates, winter fidelity, and potential exchange among these populations. We also compared the utility of face stain in Wrangel Island breeding geese as a predictor of their wintering area. Our results showed similar apparent survival rates between subpopulations of Wrangel Island snow geese and lower apparent survival, but higher emigration, for the Banks Island birds. Males had lower apparent survival than females, most likely due to differences in neckband loss. Transition between wintering areas was low (<3%), with equal movement between northern and southern wintering areas for Wrangel Island birds and little evidence of exchange between the Banks and northern Wrangel Island populations. Face staining was an unreliable indicator of wintering area. Our findings suggest that northern and southern Wrangel Island subpopulations should be considered a metapopulation in better understanding and managing Pacific Flyway lesser snow geese. Yet the absence of a strong population connection between Banks Island and Wrangel Island geese suggests that these breeding colonies can be managed as separate but overlapping populations. Additionally, winter population fidelity may be more important in lesser snow geese than in other species, and both breeding and wintering areas are important components of population management for sympatric wintering populations. C1 [Williams, Christopher K.] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Russel Labs 204, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Baranyuk, Vasily V.] Russian Minist Environm, Moscow 117192, Russia. [Cooch, Evan G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kraege, Don] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Williams, CK (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, 253 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM ckwillia@udel.edu RI Williams, Chris /B-4037-2012 NR 47 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.2193/2005-748 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 254YU UT WOS:000252624700019 ER PT J AU Howell, JE Peterson, JT Conroy, MJ AF Howell, Jay E. Peterson, James T. Conroy, Micael J. TI Building hierarchical models of avian distributions for the state of Georgia SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC); Bayesian; GAP Analysis; Georgia; hierarchical models; logistic regression; Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC); Partners in Flight ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; BREEDING BIRDS; GAP ANALYSIS; WOOD THRUSH; POPULATIONS; SCALE; FLYCATCHER; COMMUNITY AB To predict the distributions of breeding birds in the state of Georgia, USA, we built hierarchical models consisting of 4 levels of nested mapping units of decreasing area: 90,000 ha, 3,600 ha, 144 ha, and 5.76 ha. We used the Partners in Flight database of point counts to generate presence and absence data at locations across the state of Georgia for 9 avian species: Acadian flycatcher (Empidonax virescens), brown-headed nuthatch (Sitta pusilla), Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea), northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), prairie warbler (Dendroica discolor), yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus), white-eyed vireo (Vireo griseus), and wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina). At each location, we estimated hierarchical-level-specific habitat measurements using the Georgia GAP Analysis18 class land cover and other Geographic Information System sources. We created candidate, species-specific occupancy models based on previously reported relationships, and fit these using Markov chain Monte Carlo procedures implemented in OpenBugs. We then created a confidence model set for each species based on Akaike's Information Criterion. We found hierarchical habitat relationships for all species. Three-fold cross-validation estimates of model accuracy indicated an average overall correct classification rate of 60.5%. Comparisons with existing Georgia GAP Analysis models indicated that our models were more accurate overall. Our results provide guidance to wildlife scientists and managers seeking predict avian occurrence as a function of local and landscape-level habitat attributes. C1 [Howell, Jay E.] Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Peterson, James T.; Conroy, Micael J.] Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Howell, JE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jhowellx@yahoo.com NR 60 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 168 EP 178 DI 10.2193/2006-098 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 254YU UT WOS:000252624700020 ER PT J AU Sauer, JR Link, WA Kendall, WL Kelley, JR Niven, DK AF Sauer, John R. Link, William A. Kendall, Willlam L. Kelley, James R. Niven, Daniel K. TI A hierarchical model for estimating change in American woodcock populations SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American woodcock; hierarchical model; route regression; Scolopax minor; Singing-ground Survey; trend analysis ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; COUNT DATA; CERULEAN WARBLERS; ABUNDANCE AB The Singing-Ground Survey (SGS) is a primary source of information on population change for American woodcock (Scolopax minor). We analyzed the SGS using a hierarchical log-linear model and compared the estimates of change and annual indices of abundance to a route regression analysis of SGS data. We also grouped SGS routes into Bird Conservation Regions (BCRs) and estimated population change and annual indices using BCRs within states and provinces as strata. Based on the hierarchical model-based estimates, we concluded that woodcock populations were declining in North America between 1968 and 2006 (trend = -0.9%/yr, 95% credible interval: -1.2, -0.5). Singing-Ground Survey results are generally similar between analytical approaches, but the hierarchical model has several important advantages over the route regression. Hierarchical models better accommodate changes in survey efficiency over time and space by treating strata, years, and observers as random effects in the context of a log-linear model, providing trend estimates that are derived directly from the annual indices. We also conducted a hierarchical model analysis of woodcock data from the Christmas Bird Count and the North American Breeding Bird Survey. All surveys showed general consistency in patterns of population change, but the SGS had the shortest credible intervals. We suggest that population management and conservation planning for woodcock involving interpretation of the SGS use estimates provided by the hierarchical model. C1 [Sauer, John R.; Link, William A.; Kendall, Willlam L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Kelley, James R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. [Niven, Daniel K.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Natl Audubon Soc, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Sauer, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM john_r_sauer@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 204 EP 214 DI 10.2193/2006-534 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 254YU UT WOS:000252624700024 ER PT J AU Andrei, AE Smith, LM Haukos, DA Surles, JG AF Andrei, Adrian E. Smith, Loren M. Haukos, David A. Surles, James G. TI Habitat use by migrant shorebirds in saline lakes of the Southern Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE freshwater springs; invertebrates; migration stopovers; Ogallala aquifer; saline lakes; shorebirds; Southern Great Plains ID BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; NEW-MEXICO; WETLANDS; TEXAS; COMMUNITY; CAROLINA; BASINS; WATERS; MARSH; FOODS AB Shorebirds migrating through the Southern Great Plains of North America use saline lakes as stopovers to rest and replenish energy reserves. To understand how availability of invertebrates, salinity, freshwater springs, vegetation, and water influence the value of saline lakes as migration stopovers, we compared lakes used and not used by migrant shorebirds. Shorebirds used lakes that had freshwater springs, mudflats and standing water, sparse vegetation (<= 1% cover), low to moderate salinities (x = 30.87 g/L), and mean invertebrate biomass of 0.79 g/m(2). Lakes that were not used were generally dry or had hypersaline water (x = 82.56 g/L), lacked flowing springs and vegetation, and had few or no invertebrates (x = 0.007 g/m(2)). Our results suggest that reduced spring flows and increased salinity negatively affect availability of shorebird habitats and aquatic invertebrates. We recommend preservation of the freshwater springs discharging in the saline lakes. Because the springs are discharged from the Ogallala aquifer, which is recharged through the playa wetlands, the entire complex of wetlands in the Great Plains and the Ogallala aquifer should be managed as an integral system. C1 [Andrei, Adrian E.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Smith, Loren M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Haukos, David A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Surles, James G.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Andrei, AE (reprint author), Lincoln Univ Missouri, Dept Agr, 820 Chestnut St, Jefferson City, MO 65101 USA. EM andreia@lincolnu.edu NR 54 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 246 EP 253 DI 10.2193/2007-144 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 254YU UT WOS:000252624700029 ER PT J AU Luikart, G Zundel, S Rioux, D Miquel, C Keating, KA Hogg, JT Steele, B Foresman, K Taberlet, P AF Luikart, Gordon Zundel, Stephanie Rioux, Delpine Miquel, Christian Keating, Kim A. Hogg, John T. Steele, Brian Foresman, Kerry Taberlet, Pierre TI Low genotyping error rates and noninvasive sampling in bighorn sheep SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bighorn sheep; genotyping error; microsatellite DNA; noninvasive genetics; Ovis canadensis; remote sampling ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; INDIVIDUALS; MICROSATELLITES; POPULATIONS; FECES; LOCI AB Noninvasive DNA sampling allows studies of natural populations without disturbing the target animals. Unfortunately, high genotyping error rates often make noninvasive studies difficult. We report low error rates (0.0-7.5%/locus) when genotyping 18 microsatellite loci in only 4 multiplex polymerase chain reaction amplifications using fecal DNA from bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis). The average locus-specific error rates varied significantly between the 2 populations (0.13% vs. 1.6%; P < 0.001), as did multi-locus genotype error rates (2.3% vs. 14.1%; P < 0.007). This illustrates the importance of quantifying error rates in each study population (and for each season and sample preservation method) before initiating a noninvasive study. Our error rates are among the lowest reported for fecal samples collected noninvasively in the field. This and other recent studies suggest that noninvasive fecal samples can be used in species with pellet-form feces for nearly any study (e.g., of population structure, gene flow, dispersal, parentage, and even genome-wide studies to detect local adaptation) that previously required high-quality blood or tissue samples. C1 [Luikart, Gordon] Univ Porto, Ctr Invest Biodiversidad & Recursos Genet, P-4485661 Vairao, Portugal. [Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Zundel, Stephanie; Rioux, Delpine; Miquel, Christian; Taberlet, Pierre] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Ecol Alpine, UMR 5553, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Keating, Kim A.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Forestry Sci Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Hogg, John T.] Montana Conservat Sci Inst, Missoula, MT 59803 USA. [Steele, Brian] Univ Montana, Dept Math, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Foresman, Kerry] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Luikart, G (reprint author), Univ Porto, Ctr Invest Biodiversidad & Recursos Genet, P-4485661 Vairao, Portugal. EM gordon.luikart@mso.umt.edu OI Luikart, Gordon/0000-0001-8697-0582 NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.2193/2006-006 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 254YU UT WOS:000252624700036 ER PT J AU Immell, D Anthony, RG AF Immell, Dave Anthony, Robert G. TI Estimation of black bear abundance using a discrete DNA sampling device SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance estimatio; black bears; density; DNA; hair snare; Ursus americanus ID ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; MARK-RECAPTURE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; GRIZZLY BEARS; CAPTURE; DENSITY AB We developed a snare for collection of black bear (Ursus americanus) hair that obtained a unique hair sample at each snare site, improved the quantity of collected hair compared to barbed-wire corrals, and was easy to deploy over a wide range of topographical features and habitat conditions. This device allowed us to implement intensive sampling methodology needed in mark recapture experiments with minimal effort. By improving the quantity of hair collected, we also lowered the potential for bear identification errors at the lab. During 2003-2004, bears in 2 study areas triggered snares 1,104 times, which resulted in the collection of 981 hair samples. Of the samples we collected, 79% (775) produced valid genetic data. In 2003, 454 samples identified 79 genetically distinct individuals, and 321 samples identified 86 genetically distinct individuals in 2004. Analysis of capture-recapture data indicated that capture probabilities were affected by heterogeneity among individuals and behavioral responses, but showed little evidence of time effects. Consequently, we used the Pollock and Otto (1983) estimator for model M-bh to estimate abundance with reasonably good precision (CV: 12-14%). Density on the Steamboat and Toketee, Oregon, USA, study areas over the 2-year period averaged 19 bears/100 km(2) and 22 bears/100 km(2), respectively. Average capture and recapture probabilities over the 2 years of the study were 30% and 63%, respectively, indicating a trap-prone behavioral response. Knowledge of bear densities on the Steamboat and Toketee study areas will enable managers to set hunting quotas, advise land management agencies on habitat issues, and create a baseline database to assist in the long-term monitoring of bear trends in a changing landscape. C1 [Immell, Dave] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Roseburg, OR 97470 USA. [Anthony, Robert G.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Immell, D (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, 4192 N Umpqua Highway, Roseburg, OR 97470 USA. EM dave.a.immell@state.or.us NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 324 EP 330 DI 10.2193/2006-297 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 254YU UT WOS:000252624700041 ER PT J AU Zaun, BJ Sims, S Batha, K Knight, M Welch, C Granholm, C Swindle, K AF Zaun, Brenda J. Sims, Scott Batha, Kathy Knight, Marilou Welch, Collett Granholm, Cathy Swindle, Keith TI Feather Imping and Rehabilitation of a Red-tailed Tropicbird (Phaethon rubricauda) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE feather imping; red-tailed tropicbird; white-tailed tropicbird; Hawaii; Phaethon rubricauda; Phaethon lepturus AB Birds with broken feathers are often unable to fly or demonstrate compromised flight. Feather imping is a procedure in which broken feathers can be quickly repaired using feathers from the same or another species with similarly-sized feathers. A red-tailed tropicbird chick (Phaethon rubricauda) at Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauai, Hawaii, sustained broken outer primaries and was unable to fly. This paper describes the first successful feather-imping procedure performed on this species, for which we replaced portions of five primary feathers. Feather imping is a quick method of feather repair that allows release almost immediately. It serves as an excellent alternative to holding the bird in captivity until natural feather replacement, a situation that may jeopardize its chances of survival, particularly if the species does poorly in captive situations. C1 [Zaun, Brenda J.; Sims, Scott; Batha, Kathy; Knight, Marilou; Welch, Collett; Granholm, Cathy; Swindle, Keith] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kilauea, HI 96754 USA. RP Zaun, BJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kauai Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex POB 1128, Kilauea, HI 96754 USA. EM Brenda_Zaun@fws.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT WILDLIFE REHABILITATION COUNCIL, IWRC PI SAN JOSE PA PO BOX 8187, SAN JOSE, CA 95155 USA SN 1071-2232 J9 J WILDLIFE REHABIL JI J. Wildl. Rehabil. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2-3 BP 22 EP 26 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 439WQ UT WOS:000265658700005 ER PT J AU Flinders, JM Bonar, SA AF Flinders, Jon M. Bonar, Scott A. TI Growth, condition, diet, and consumption rates of northern pike in three Arizona reservoirs SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arizona; bioenergetics; introduced fish; northern pike; predation ID ESOX-LUCIUS; STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; LARGEMOUTH BASS; LAKE; WALLEYE; FISHES; SIZE; PREY; TEMPERATURE; PREDATION AB Northern pike ( Esox lucius L.) introductions are controversial in the western United States due to suspected impacts they might have on established sport fisheries and potential illegal introductions. Three Arizona reservoirs, Parker Canyon Lake, Upper Lake Mary and Long Lake were sampled to examine the diet, consumption dynamics, and growth of northern pike. Northern pike diets varied by season and reservoir. In Parker Canyon Lake, diets were dominated by rainbow trout in winter and spring and bluegill and green sunfish in the fall. In Long Lake the northern pike ate crayfish in spring and early summer and switched to young of the year common carp in summer and fall. Black crappie, golden shiners, and crayfish were the major prey in Upper Lake Mary during spring, but they switched to stocked rainbow trout in the fall. Northern pike growth was in the high range of growth reported throughout the United States. Estimated northern pike specific consumption rate (scr) of rainbow trout (g/g/d x 10(-6)) was greatest in Upper Lake Mary (scr = 329.1 +/- 23.7 g/g/d x 10(-6)) where stocked fingerling (<120 mm total length [TL]) rainbow trout were most vulnerable to these predators, compared to larger (>280 mm TL) rainbow trout stocked in Long Lake (scr = 1.4 +/- 0.1 g/g/d x 10(-6)) and Parker Canyon Lake (scr = 287.2 +/- 15.1 g/g/d x 10(-6)) where catchable-sized rainbow trout were stocked. Managers should consider the cost-benefits of stocking fish >200 mm TL in lakes containing northern pike. C1 [Flinders, Jon M.; Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Flinders, JM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 BioSci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jflinde@uark.edu FU Arizona Game and Fish Department; University of Arizona FX This manuscript was greatly improved by reviews from Bill Matter and Mark Brouder. Special thanks to several AGFD personal who supplied logistical support and valuable cooperation, especially, Don Mitchell, Scott Reger, Chuck Benedict, Brad Jacobson, Kirk Young, Jim DeVos, and Larry Riley. Thanks are extended to the students and staff of the Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, especially Andrea Francis, Alex Didenko, and Sheldon Caldwell-Meeks for their assistance in this project. Arizona Game and Fish Department provided primary funding for this project. Additional funding was also provided by University of Arizona. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 EI 2151-5530 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 99 EP 111 DI 10.1080/07438140809354054 PG 13 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 492NT UT WOS:000269666100001 ER PT J AU Downing, BD Bergamaschi, BA Evans, DG Boss, E AF Downing, Bryan D. Bergamaschi, Brian A. Evans, David G. Boss, Emmanuel TI Assessing contribution of DOC from sediments to a drinking-water reservoir using optical profiling SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE absorption; dissolved organic carbon; fluorescence; multivariate analysis; sediment flux; Sweetwater Reservoir; water quality ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; EDDY DIFFUSION; NATURAL-WATERS; ABSORPTION; CARBON; COMPLEXATION; FLUORESCENCE; EXCHANGE; PATTERNS AB Understanding the sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in drinking-water reservoirs is an important management issue because DOC may form disinfection by-products, interfere with disinfection, or increase treatment costs. DOC may be derived from a host of sources-algal production of DOC in the reservoir, marginal production of DOC from mucks and vascular plants at the margins, and sediments in the reservoir. The purpose of this study was to assess if release of DOC from reservoir sediments containing ferric chloride coagulant was a significant source of DOC to the reservoir. We examined the source-specific contributions of DOC using a profiling system to measure the in situ distribution of optical properties of absorption and fluorescence at various locations in the reservoir. Vertical optical profiles were coupled with discrete water samples measured in the laboratory for DOC concentration and optical properties: absorption spectra and excitation emission matrix spectra (EEMs). Modeling the in situ optical data permitted estimation of the bulk DOC profile in the reservoir as well as separation into source-specific contributions. Analysis of the source-specific profiles and their associated optical characteristics indicated that the sedimentary source of DOC to the reservoir is significant and that this DOC is labile in the reservoir. We conclude that optical profiling is a useful technique for understanding complex biogeochemical processes in a reservoir. C1 [Downing, Bryan D.; Bergamaschi, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Evans, David G.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Geol, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Boss, Emmanuel] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Downing, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM bdowning@usgs.gov RI Boss, Emmanuel/C-5765-2009; OI Boss, Emmanuel/0000-0002-8334-9595; Downing, Bryan/0000-0002-2007-5304; Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581 FU Sweetwater Authority, San Diego, California FX This work was funded by the Sweetwater Authority, San Diego, California. We thank Peter Baranov of the Sweetwater Authority, Miranda Fram, research chemist with the U.S. Geological Survey, Daniel Deocampo, professor of geology, California State University at Sacramento, anonymous reviewers for insightful reviews of earlier versions of the manuscript, and many others at the U.S. Geological Survey for their helpful discussions. The use of brand or firm names in this paper are for identification purposes only and do not constitute endorsement by the U. S. Geological Survey. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 18 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 381 EP 391 DI 10.1080/07438140809354848 PG 11 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 492OA UT WOS:000269666900009 ER PT J AU Grober-Dunsmore, R Frazer, TK Beets, JP Lindberg, WJ Zwick, P Funicelli, NA AF Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki Frazer, Thomas K. Beets, James P. Lindberg, William J. Zwick, Paul Funicelli, Nicholas A. TI Influence of landscape structure, on reef fish assemblages SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coral reefs; landscape ecology; context; marine protected areas; habitat diversity; Caribbean ID CORAL-REEF; HAEMULON-FLAVOLINEATUM; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; RELATIVE INFLUENCE; SPECIES RICHNESS; ARTIFICIAL REEFS; BREEDING BIRDS; PATCH SIZE; ECOLOGY; COMMUNITIES AB Management of tropical marine environments calls for interdisciplinary studies and innovative methodologies that consider processes occurring over broad spatial scales. We investigated relationships between landscape structure and reef fish assemblage structure in the US Virgin Islands. Measures of landscape structure were transformed into a reduced set of composite indices using principal component analyses (PCA) to synthesize data on the spatial patterning of the landscape structure of the study reefs. However, composite indices (e.g., habitat diversity) were not particularly informative for predicting reef fish assemblage structure. Rather, relationships were interpreted more easily when functional groups of fishes were related to individual habitat features. In particular, multiple reef fish parameters were strongly associated with reef context. Fishes responded to benthic habitat structure at multiple spatial scales, with various groups of fishes each correlated to a unique suite of variables. Accordingly, future experiments should be designed to test functional relationships based on the ecology of the organisms of interest. Our study demonstrates that landscape-scale habitat features influence reef fish communities, illustrating promise in applying a landscape ecology approach to better understand factors that structure coral reef ecosystems. Furthermore, our findings may prove useful in design of spatially-based conservation approaches such as marine protected areas (MPAs), because landscape-scale metrics may serve as proxies for areas with high species diversity and abundance within the coral reef landscape. C1 [Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki] NOAA, Natl Marine Protected Areas Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki; Frazer, Thomas K.; Lindberg, William J.] Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aqua Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki; Funicelli, Nicholas A.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Beets, James P.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Zwick, Paul] Univ Florida, Dept Urban & Reg Planning, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Grober-Dunsmore, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Protected Areas Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM rikki.dunsmore@noaa.gov NR 94 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 11 U2 59 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PY 2008 VL 23 SU 1 BP 37 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s10980-007-9147-x PG 17 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 259EV UT WOS:000252922800004 ER PT B AU Reid, ME Baum, RL LaHusen, RG Ellis, WL AF Reid, M. E. Baum, R. L. LaHusen, R. G. Ellis, W. L. BE Chen, Z Zhang, JM Li, ZK Wu, FQ Ho, K TI Capturing landslide dynamics and hydrologic triggers using near-real-time monitoring SO LANDSLIDES AND ENGINEERED SLOPES: FROM THE PAST TO THE FUTURE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Landslides and Engineered Slopes CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2008 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Inst Soil Mech & Geotech Engn, Chinese Natl Commiss Engn Geol, Chinese Soc Rock Mech & Engn, Hong Kong Inst Engineers, Geotech Div ID WARNING SYSTEM; RAINFALL; FAILURE; FLOW AB Near-real-time monitoring of active landslides or landslide-prone hillslopes can provide immediate notification of landslide activity, as well as high-quality data sets for understanding the initiation and movement of landslides. Typical components of ground-based, near-real-time landslide monitoring systems include field sensors, data acquisition systems, remote telemetry, and software for base-station data processing and dissemination. For the last several decades, we have used these monitoring tools to investigate different landslide processes. Some of our field applications have determined the groundwater conditions controlling slow-moving landslides, detected 3-D displacements of large rock masses, and characterized the transient near-surface hydrology triggering shallow landsliding. C1 [Reid, M. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Reid, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-415-41196-7 PY 2008 BP 179 EP 191 DI 10.1201/9780203885284-c10 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA BJI98 UT WOS:000266239200010 ER PT B AU Highland, LM Gori, PL AF Highland, Lynn M. Gori, Paula L. BE Chen, Z Zhang, JM Li, ZK Wu, FQ Ho, K TI Two approaches for public landslide awareness in the United States - US geological survey warning systems and a landslide film documentary SO LANDSLIDES AND ENGINEERED SLOPES: FROM THE PAST TO THE FUTURE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Landslides and Engineered Slopes CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2008 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Inst Soil Mech & Geotech Engn, Chinese Natl Commiss Engn Geol, Chinese Soc Rock Mech & Engn, Hong Kong Inst Engineers, Geotech Div AB The Landslide Hazards Program (LHP), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), is tasked with reducing the hazards from landslides by conducting landslide research and assessments, to which most of its resources are devoted, and public information through educational means. The USGS is also authorized through the Stafford Act of 1974 to issue hazard warnings when the threat of landslides is imminent. Within the Landslide Hazards Program, numerous methods of educating and warning the public are used. This paper discusses two of them. To inform people about landslide hazards, a landslide documentary was produced that has been aired on public television, in schools, and at special public lectures around the United States. The film was funded and produced by the US. Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Program and features narration by USGS scientists, stories, and interviews with people who have experienced devastating landslides. It is the first USGS landslide outreach product using a visual-media film format, and its effectiveness and influence is being closely monitored. The second method involves landslide warnings, which are issued through the Common Alerting Protocol (CAP), whereby the U.S. Federal Government issues all-hazard emergency alerts and public warnings. The landslide warnings are based on data for (1) rainfall-related landslide initiation thresholds for some regions of the United States, and (2) the expected, rapid saturation of vulnerable slopes from hurricane or heavy storm events as they develop and move across an area. C1 [Highland, Lynn M.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Gori, Paula L.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Highland, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-415-41196-7 PY 2008 BP 1173 EP + DI 10.1201/9780203885284-c154 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA BJI98 UT WOS:000266239200154 ER PT B AU Schulz, WH Harp, EL Jibson, RW AF Schulz, W. H. Harp, E. L. Jibson, R. W. BE Chen, Z Zhang, JM Li, ZK Wu, FQ Ho, K TI Characteristics of large rock avalanches triggered by the November 3, 2002 Denali Fault earthquake, Alaska, USA SO LANDSLIDES AND ENGINEERED SLOPES: FROM THE PAST TO THE FUTURE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Landslides and Engineered Slopes CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2008 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Inst Soil Mech & Geotech Engn, Chinese Natl Commiss Engn Geol, Chinese Soc Rock Mech & Engn, Hong Kong Inst Engineers, Geotech Div ID GRANULAR-MATERIALS; GRAVITY FLOW; DEBRIS; FLUIDIZATION AB Deposits of rock avalanches triggered by the November 3, 2002 Denali Fault, Alaska, USA earthquake (M 7.9) with volumes of 4-20 x 10(6) m(3) Were examined. The deposits consisted of clay-sized to 20-m-diameter rock fragments and had poorly sorted interiors and coarse tops. Boulders coated with smaller rock fragments, fragile but unbroken boulders, and precariously balanced rocks were common. Open-slope deposits generally had consistent 2-4 m thickness. Channelized deposit thickness varied; these consisted of overlapping deposits of individual waves. Different rock type zones overlapped in the channelized deposits and abutted one another in the open-slope deposits. The open-slope deposits had wrinkles and faults. Substrate overrun by the avalanches was generally undisturbed. Observations suggest that channelized avalanches flowed as succeeding waves and open-slope avalanches flowed as coherent units. The avalanches had semi-rigid upper parts carried by laminar-flowing lower parts, similar to viscoplastic fluids or dispersive granular flows. C1 [Schulz, W. H.; Harp, E. L.; Jibson, R. W.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Team, Golden, CO USA. RP Schulz, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Team, Golden, CO USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-415-41196-7 PY 2008 BP 1447 EP 1453 DI 10.1201/9780203885284-c196 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA BJI98 UT WOS:000266239200196 ER PT B AU Coe, JA Crovelli, RA AF Coe, J. A. Crovelli, R. A. BE Chen, Z Zhang, JM Li, ZK Wu, FQ Ho, K TI Landslide risk in the San Francisco Bay region SO LANDSLIDES AND ENGINEERED SLOPES: FROM THE PAST TO THE FUTURE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Landslides and Engineered Slopes CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2008 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Inst Soil Mech & Geotech Engn, Chinese Natl Commiss Engn Geol, Chinese Soc Rock Mech & Engn, Hong Kong Inst Engineers, Geotech Div AB We have used historical records of damaging landslides triggered by rainstorms, and a newly developed Probabilistic Landslide Assessment Cost Estimation System (PLACES), to estimate the numbers and direct costs of future landslides in the San Francisco Bay region. The estimated annual cost of future landslides in the entire region is about US $15 million (year 2000 $). The estimated annual cost is highest for San Mateo County ($3.32 million) and lowest for Solano County ($0.18 million). Normalizing costs by dividing by the percentage of land area with slopes equal or greater than about 10 degrees indicates that San Francisco County will have the highest cost per square km ($7,400), whereas Santa Clara County will have the lowest cost per square km ($230). These results indicate that the San Francisco Bay region has one of the highest levels of landslide risk in the United States. Compared to landslide cost estimates from the rest of the world, the risk level in the Bay region seems high, but not exceptionally high. C1 [Coe, J. A.; Crovelli, R. A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Coe, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-415-41196-7 PY 2008 BP 1899 EP 1904 DI 10.1201/9780203885284-c263 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA BJI98 UT WOS:000266239200263 ER PT S AU Harp, EL Michael, JA Laprade, WT AF Harp, Edwin L. Michael, John A. Laprade, William T. BE Baum, RL Godt, JW Highland, LM TI Shallow landslide hazard map of Seattle, Washington SO LANDSLIDES AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGY OF THE SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, AREA SE Reviews in Engineering Geology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE landslide hazard; landslide susceptibility; infinite-slope analysis; debris flows ID MODEL AB Landslides, particularly debris flows, have long been a significant cause of damage and destruction to people and property in the Puget Sound region. Following the years of 1996 and 1997, the Federal Emergency Management Agency designated Seattle as a "Project Impact'' city with the goal of encouraging the city to become more disaster resistant to landslides and other natural hazards. A major recommendation of the Project Impact council was that the city and the U. S. Geological Survey collaborate to produce a landslide hazard map. An exceptional data set archived by the city containing more than 100 yr of landslide data from severe storm events allowed comparison of actual landslide locations with those predicted by slope-stability modeling. We used an infinite-slope analysis, which models slope segments as rigid friction blocks, to estimate the susceptibility of slopes to debris flows, which are water-laden slurries that can form from shallow failures of soil and weathered bedrock and can travel at high velocities down steep slopes. Data used for the analysis consisted of a digital slope map derived from recent light detection and ranging (LiDAR) imagery of Seattle, recent digital geologic mapping of the city, and shear-strength test data for the geologic units found in the surrounding area. The combination of these data layers within a geographic information system (GIS) platform allowed us to create a shallow landslide hazard map for Seattle. C1 [Harp, Edwin L.; Michael, John A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Laprade, William T.] Shannon & Wilson Inc, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Harp, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Mail Stop 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0080-2018 BN 978-0-8137-4120-8 J9 REV ENG GEOL PY 2008 VL 20 BP 67 EP 82 DI 10.1130/2008.4020(04) PG 16 WC Engineering, Geological; Geology SC Engineering; Geology GA BLY32 UT WOS:000271425100005 ER PT S AU Brien, DL Reid, ME AF Brien, Dianne L. Reid, Mark E. BE Baum, RL Godt, JW Highland, LM TI Assessing deep-seated landslide susceptibility using 3-D groundwater and slope-stability analyses, southwestern Seattle, Washington SO LANDSLIDES AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGY OF THE SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, AREA SE Reviews in Engineering Geology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE 3-D slope stability analysis; deep-seated landslides; SCOOPS; Seattle; 3-D groundwater flow AB In Seattle, Washington, deep-seated landslides on bluffs along Puget Sound have historically caused extensive damage to land and structures. These large failures are controlled by three-dimensional (3-D) variations in strength and pore-water pressures. We assess the slope stability of part of southwestern Seattle using a 3-D limit-equilibrium analysis coupled with a 3-D groundwater flow model. Our analyses use a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) combined with assignment of strength and hydraulic properties based on geologic units. The hydrogeology of the Seattle area consists of a layer of permeable glacial outwash sand that overlies less permeable glacial lacustrine silty clay. Using a 3-D groundwater model, MODFLOW-2000, we simulate a water table above the less permeable units and calibrate the model to observed conditions. The simulated pore-pressure distribution is then used in a 3-D slope-stability analysis, SCOOPS, to quantify the stability of the coastal bluffs. For wet winter conditions, our analyses predict that the least stable areas are steep hillslopes above Puget Sound, where pore pressures are elevated in the outwash sand. Groundwater flow converges in coastal reentrants, resulting in elevated pore pressures and destabilization of slopes. Regions predicted to be least stable include the areas in or adjacent to three mapped historically active deep-seated landslides. The results of our 3-D analyses differ significantly from a slope map or results from one-dimensional (1-D) analyses. C1 [Brien, Dianne L.; Reid, Mark E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brien, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0080-2018 BN 978-0-8137-4120-8 J9 REV ENG GEOL PY 2008 VL 20 BP 83 EP 101 DI 10.1130/2008.4020(05) PG 19 WC Engineering, Geological; Geology SC Engineering; Geology GA BLY32 UT WOS:000271425100006 ER PT S AU Chleborad, AF Baum, RL Godt, JW Powers, PS AF Chleborad, Alan F. Baum, Rex L. Godt, Jonathan W. Powers, Phillip S. BE Baum, RL Godt, JW Highland, LM TI A prototype system for forecasting landslides in the Seattle, Washington, area SO LANDSLIDES AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGY OF THE SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, AREA SE Reviews in Engineering Geology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE landslide; early-warning system; rainfall threshold; landslide probability ID HISTORICAL RECORDS; RAINFALL AB Empirical rainfall thresholds and related information form the basis of a prototype system for forecasting landslides in the Seattle area. The forecasts are tied to four alert levels, and a decision tree guides the use of thresholds to determine the appropriate level. From analysis of historical landslide data, we developed a formula for a cumulative rainfall threshold (CT), P(3) = 88.9 - 0.67P(15), defined by rainfall amounts in millimeters during consecutive 3 d (72 h) periods, P(3), and the 15 d ( 360 h) period before P(3), P(15). The variable CT captures more than 90% of historical events of three or more landslides in 1 d and 3 d periods recorded from 1978 to 2003. However, the low probability of landslide occurrence on a day when the CT is exceeded at one or more rain gauges (8.4%) justifies a low-level of alert for possible landslide occurrence, but it does trigger more vigilant monitoring of rainfall and soil wetness. Exceedance of a rainfall intensity-duration threshold I = 82.73D(-1.13), for intensity, I (mm/hr), and duration, D (hr), corresponds to a higher probability of landslide occurrence (30%) and forms the basis for issuing warnings of impending, widespread occurrence of landslides. Information about the area of exceedance and soil wetness can be used to increase the certainty of landslide forecasts ( probabilities as great as 71%). Automated analysis of real-time rainfall and subsurface water data and digital quantitative precipitation forecasts are needed to fully implement a warning system based on the two thresholds. C1 [Chleborad, Alan F.; Baum, Rex L.; Godt, Jonathan W.; Powers, Phillip S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0080-2018 BN 978-0-8137-4120-8 J9 REV ENG GEOL PY 2008 VL 20 BP 103 EP 120 DI 10.1130/2008.4020(06) PG 18 WC Engineering, Geological; Geology SC Engineering; Geology GA BLY32 UT WOS:000271425100007 ER PT S AU Godt, JW McKenna, JP AF Godt, Jonathan W. McKenna, Jonathan P. BE Baum, RL Godt, JW Highland, LM TI Numerical modeling of rainfall thresholds for shallow landsliding in the Seattle, Washington, area SO LANDSLIDES AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGY OF THE SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, AREA SE Reviews in Engineering Geology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE landslide; rainfall; slope stability; Seattle; Washington; numerical model; infiltration ID TRANSLATIONAL HILLSLOPE FAILURE; SLOPE STABILITY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; UNSATURATED FLOW; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SOIL; PARAMETERS; SYSTEM; WATER; INFILTRATION AB The temporal forecasting of landslide hazard has typically relied on empirical relations between rainfall characteristics and landslide occurrence to identify conditions that may cause shallow landslides. Here, we describe an alternate, deterministic approach to define rainfall thresholds for landslide occurrence in the Seattle, Washington, area. This approach combines an infinite slope-stability model with a variably saturated flow model to determine the rainfall intensity and duration that leads to shallow failure of hillside colluvium. We examine the influence of variation in particle-size distribution on the unsaturated hydraulic properties of the colluvium by performing capillary-rise tests on glacial outwash sand and three experimental soils with increasing amounts of fine-grained material. Observations of pore-water response to rainfall collected as part of a program to monitor the near-surface hydrology of steep coastal bluffs along Puget Sound were used to test the numerical model results and in an inverse modeling procedure to determine the in situ hydraulic properties. Modeling results are given in terms of a destabilizing rainfall intensity and duration, and comparisons with empirical observations of landslide occurrence and triggering rainfall indicate that the modeling approach may be useful for forecasting landslide occurrence. C1 [Godt, Jonathan W.; McKenna, Jonathan P.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Godt, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, DFC 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jgodt@usgs.gov; jgodt@usgs.gov NR 61 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0080-2018 BN 978-0-8137-4120-8 J9 REV ENG GEOL PY 2008 VL 20 BP 121 EP 135 DI 10.1130/2008.4020(07) PG 15 WC Engineering, Geological; Geology SC Engineering; Geology GA BLY32 UT WOS:000271425100008 ER PT S AU Godt, JW Schulz, WH Baum, RL Savage, WZ AF Godt, Jonathan W. Schulz, William H. Baum, Rex L. Savage, William Z. BE Baum, RL Godt, JW Highland, LM TI Modeling rainfall conditions for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington SO LANDSLIDES AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGY OF THE SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, AREA SE Reviews in Engineering Geology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE geographic information systems; GIS; landslide; rainfall; slope stability; Seattle; Washington; transient flow ID PHYSICALLY-BASED MODEL; SLOPE STABILITY MODEL; DEBRIS FLOWS; HAZARD; INFILTRATION; PREDICTION; INITIATION; SOILS AB We describe the results from an application of a distributed, transient infiltration-slope-stability model for an 18 km(2) area of southwestern Seattle, Washington, USA. The model (TRIGRS) combines an infinite slope-stability calculation and an analytic, one-dimensional solution for pore-pressure diffusion in a soil layer of finite depth in response to time-varying rainfall. The transient solution for pore-pressure response can be superposed on any steady-state groundwater-flow field that is consistent with model assumptions. Applied over digital topography, the model computes a factor of safety for each grid cell at any time during a rainstorm. Input variables may vary from cell to cell, and the rainfall rate can vary in both space and time. For Seattle, topographic slope derived from an airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM)-based 3 m digital elevation model (DEM), maps of soil and water-table depths derived from geotechnical borings, and hourly rainfall intensities were used as model inputs. Material strength and hydraulic properties used in the model were determined from field and laboratory measurements, and a tension-saturated initial condition was assumed. Results are given in terms of a destabilizing intensity and duration of rainfall, and they were evaluated by comparing the locations of 212 historical landslides with the area mapped as potentially unstable. Because the equations of groundwater flow are explicitly solved with respect to time, the results from TRIGRS simulations can be portrayed quantitatively to assess the potential landslide hazard based on rainfall conditions. C1 [Godt, Jonathan W.; Schulz, William H.; Baum, Rex L.; Savage, William Z.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Godt, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, DFC Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jgodt@usgs.gov; jgodt@usgs.gov NR 65 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0080-2018 BN 978-0-8137-4120-8 J9 REV ENG GEOL PY 2008 VL 20 BP 137 EP + DI 10.1130/2008.4020(08) PG 18 WC Engineering, Geological; Geology SC Engineering; Geology GA BLY32 UT WOS:000271425100009 ER PT S AU Knott, JR Machette, MN Klinger, RE Sarna-Wojcicki, AM Liddicoat, JC Tinsley, JC David, BT Ebbs, VM AF Knott, Jeffrey R. Machette, Michael N. Klinger, Ralph E. Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M. Liddicoat, Joseph C. Tinsley, John C., III David, Brian T. Ebbs, Veva M. BE Reheis, MC Hershler, R Miller, DM TI Reconstructing late Pliocene to middle Pleistocene Death Valley lakes and river systems as a test of pupfish (Cyprinodontidae) dispersal hypotheses SO LATE CENOZOIC DRAINAGE HISTORY OF THE SOUTHWESTERN GREAT BASIN AND LOWER COLORADO RIVER REGION: GEOLOGIC AND BIOTIC PERSPECTIVES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Geologic and Biotic Perspectives on Late Cenozoic Drainage History of the Southwestern Great Basin and Lower Colorado River Region CY APR 12-15, 2005 CL CA SP US Geol Survey Earth Surface Dynam Program, US Geol Survey Natl Cooperat Geol Mapping Program, Smithsonian Inst DE Death Valley; Lake Manly; pupfish; tephochrology ID EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT; MANLY() SHORELINES; CALIFORNIA; BASIN; CHRONOLOGY AB During glacial (pluvial) climatic periods, Death Valley is hypothesized to have episodically been the terminus for the Amargosa, Owens, and Mojave Rivers. Geological and biological studies have tended to support this hypothesis and a hydrological link that included the Colorado River, allowing dispersal of pupfish throughout southeastern California and western Nevada. Recent mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) studies show a common pupfish (Cyprinodontidae) ancestry in this region with divergence beginning 3-2 Ma. We present tephrochronologic and paleomagnetic data in the context of testing the paleohydrologic connections with respect to the common collection point of the Amargosa, Owens, and Mojave Rivers in Death Valley during successive time periods: (1) the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene (3-2 Ma), (2) early to middle Pleistocene (1.2-0.5 Ma), and (3) middle to late Pleistocene (<0.7-0.03 Ma; paleolakes Manly and Mojave). Using the 3.35 Ma Zabriskie Wash tuff and 3.28 Ma Nomlaki Tuff Member of the Tuscan and Tehama Formations, which are prominent marker beds in the region, we conclude that at 3-2 Ma, a narrow lake occupied the ancient Furnace Creek Basin and that Death Valley was not hydrologically connected with the Amargosa or Mojave Rivers. A paucity of data for Panamint Valley does not allow us to evaluate an Owens River connection to Death Valley ca. 3-2 Ma. Studies by others have shown that Death Valley was not hydrologically linked to the Amargosa, Owens, or Mojave Rivers from 1.2 to 0.5 Ma. We found no evidence that Lake Manly flooded back up the Mojave River to pluvial Lake Mojave between 0.18 and 0.12 Ma, although surface water flowed from the Amargosa and Owens Rivers to Death Valley at this time. There is also no evidence for a connection of the Owens, Amargosa, or Mojave Rivers to the Colorado River in the last 3-2 m. y. Therefore, the hypothesis that pupfish dispersed or were isolated in basins throughout southeastern California and western Nevada by such a connection is not supported. Beyond the biologically predicted time frame, however, sparse and disputed data suggest that a fluvial system connected Panamint (Owens River), Death, and Amargosa Valleys, which could account for the dispersal and isolation before 3 Ma. C1 [Knott, Jeffrey R.; David, Brian T.; Ebbs, Veva M.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. [Machette, Michael N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Klinger, Ralph E.] US Bur Reclamat, Tech Serv Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M.; Tinsley, John C., III] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Liddicoat, Joseph C.] Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Environm Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. [David, Brian T.; Ebbs, Veva M.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. RP Knott, JR (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. EM jknott@fullerton.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-94-0629]; California State UniversityFullerton; U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (to S.G. Wells, EAR-94-0629) and California State UniversityFullerton (Intramural and Faculty Development Grants). Additional support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey. The authors thank the National Park Service for permitting the work and the assistance provided by staff members. Constructive comments and reviews by Anthony Echelle, Paul Ray Butler, Margaret Berry, and Marith Reheis were very helpful. We benefited from fruitful discussion with Diana Anderson, Kirk Anderson, Yehouda Enzel, Roger LeB. Hooke, the late Roger Morrison, Roger S.U. Smith, and Steve Wells. NR 55 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2439-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2008 VL 439 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1130/2008.2439(01) PG 26 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLW41 UT WOS:000271219900001 ER PT S AU Menges, CM AF Menges, Christopher M. BE Reheis, MC Hershler, R Miller, DM TI Multistage late Cenozoic evolution of the Amargosa River drainage, southwestern Nevada and eastern California SO LATE CENOZOIC DRAINAGE HISTORY OF THE SOUTHWESTERN GREAT BASIN AND LOWER COLORADO RIVER REGION: GEOLOGIC AND BIOTIC PERSPECTIVES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Geologic and Biotic Perspectives on Late Cenozoic Drainage History of the Southwestern Great Basin and Lower Colorado River Region CY APR 12-15, 2005 CL Zzyzx, CA SP US Geol Survey Earth Surface Dynam Program, US Geol Survey Natl Cooperat Geol Mapping Program, Smithsonian Inst DE drainage basin evolution; subbasin integration; paleodivide breaches; fluvial responses to integration; local base levels ID SOUTHERN DEATH-VALLEY; MOJAVE DESERT; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; DEPOSITS; HISTORY; FAULT; LAKE; SEDIMENTATION; GEOCHRONOLOGY; DEFORMATION AB Stratigraphic and geomorphic analyses reveal that the regional drainage basin of the modern Amargosa River formed via multistage linkage of formerly isolated basins in a diachronous series of integration events between late Miocene and latest Pleistocene-Holocene time. The 275-km-long Amargosa River system drains generally southward across a large (15,540 km2) watershed in southwestern Nevada and eastern California to its terminus in central Death Valley. This drainage basin is divided into four major subbasins along the main channel and several minor subbasins on tributaries; these subbasins contain features, including central valley lowlands surrounded by highlands that form external divides or internal paleodivides, which suggest relict individual physiographic-hydrologic basins. From north to south, the main subbasins along the main channel are: (1) an upper headwaters subbasin, which is deeply incised into mostly Tertiary sediments and volcanic rocks; (2) an unincised low-gradient section within the Amargosa Desert; (3) a mostly incised section centered on Tecopa Valley and tributary drainages; and (4) a west-to northwest-oriented mostly aggrading lower section along the axis of southern Death Valley. Adjoining subbasins are hydrologically linked by interconnecting narrows or canyon reaches that are variably incised into formerly continuous paleodivides. The most important linkages along the main channel include: (1) the Beatty narrows, which developed across a Tertiary bedrock paleodivide between the upper and Amargosa Desert subbasins during a latest Miocene-early Pliocene to middle Pleistocene interval (ca. 4-0.5 Ma); (2) the Eagle Mountain narrows, which cut into a mostly alluvial paleodivide between the Amargosa Desert and Tecopa subbasins in middle to late Pleistocene (ca. 150-100 ka) time; and (3) the Amargosa Canyon, which formed in late middle Pleistocene (ca. 200140 ka) time through a breached, actively uplifting paleodivide between the Tecopa and southern Death Valley subbasins. Collectively, the interconnecting reaches represent discrete integration events that incrementally produced the modern drainage basin starting near Beatty sometime after 4 Ma and ending in the Salt Creek tributary in the latest Pleistocene to Holocene (post-30 ka). Potential mechanisms for drainage integration across paleodivides include basin overtopping from sedimentary infilling above paleodivide elevations, paleolake spillover, groundwater sapping, and (or) headward erosion of dissecting channels in lower-altitude subbasins. These processes are complexly influenced by fluvial responses to factors such as climatic change, local base-level differences across divides, and (or) tectonic activity (the latter only recognized in Amargosa Canyon). C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Menges, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM cmmenges@usgs.gov NR 105 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2439-3 J9 GEOL S AM S PY 2008 VL 439 BP 39 EP 90 DI 10.1130/2008.2439(03) PG 52 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLW41 UT WOS:000271219900003 ER PT S AU Jayko, AS Forester, RM Kaufman, DS Phillips, FM Yount, JC McGeehin, J Mahan, SA AF Jayko, A. S. Forester, R. M. Kaufman, D. S. Phillips, F. M. Yount, J. C. McGeehin, J. Mahan, S. A. BE Reheis, MC Hershler, R Miller, DM TI Late Pleistocene lakes and wetlands, Panamint Valley, Inyo County, California SO LATE CENOZOIC DRAINAGE HISTORY OF THE SOUTHWESTERN GREAT BASIN AND LOWER COLORADO RIVER REGION: GEOLOGIC AND BIOTIC PERSPECTIVES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Geologic and Biotic Perspectives on Late Cenozoic Drainage History of the Southwestern Great Basin and Lower Colorado River Region CY APR 12-15, 2005 CL CA SP US Geol Survey Earth Surface Dynam Program, US Geol Survey Natl Cooperat Geol Mapping Program, Smithsonian Inst DE Panamint Valley; Owens River System; Pleistocene glacial lakes; Gale strandline; LGM eastern Sierra region; hydrochemisty saline lake ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DEATH-VALLEY; GREAT-BASIN; SIERRA-NEVADA; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; FOSSIL OSTRACODES; AGE CALIBRATION; OWENS LAKE; C-14 AGES; MONO LAKE AB Pleistocene deposits in Panamint Valley, California, document the changes in pluvial lake level, source water, and elevation of the regional groundwater table associated with climate change. The oxygen isotope stage (OIS) 2 and 6 lacustrine record is well preserved in surficial deposits, whereas the OIS 3-5 lacustrine-paludal and lacustrine record is mainly derived from an archived core sample. Amino acid racemization ratios in ostracodes and gastropods suggest that the shoreline and groundwater-discharge features that lie between similar to 600 and 550 m elevation formed during one highstand, probably during OIS 6. A fossiliferous part of the similar to 100-m-deep core DH-1, which was drilled in the Ballarat Basin during the late 1950s, was resampled in this study. Comparison of DH-1 with core DH-3 from Panamint Valley and core OL-92 from Owens Lake suggests the 34-78-m-depth interval of DH-1 may span all or much of OIS 4. The microfauna from this depth interval indicate a saline marsh or shallow lacustrine environment, but not a large lake. The ostracode assemblage requires low ratios of alkalinity to calcium (alk/Ca) water likely indicative of solutes in deep regional groundwater sources rather than the high alk/Ca solutes common to the Owens River system. OIS 2-aged sediment from surficial deposits, a shallow auger hole, and core DH-1 contain faunas, including the ostracode Limnocythere sappaensis, which require the high alk/Ca evolved solutes common to the Owens River. The elevation of the lacustrine sediments further indicates a moderate-sized saline lake around 180-200 m depth. In the northern Lake Hill basin, a saline lake persisted until at least 16 ka, and it was succeeded by fresh, groundwater-supported wetlands, which were fully developed by ca. 12,575 C-14 yr B.P. and which persisted until around 10,500 C-14 yr B.P., when the basin became a dry playa. C1 [Jayko, A. S.] US Geol Survey, 3000 E Line St, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. [Forester, R. M.] 2364 S Harlan St, Lakewood, CO 80227 USA. [Kaufman, D. S.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Phillips, F. M.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Yount, J. C.; Mahan, S. A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [McGeehin, J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Jayko, AS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3000 E Line St, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. EM ajayko@usgs.gov RI Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008; OI Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414; Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 103 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2439-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2008 VL 439 BP 151 EP 184 DI 10.1130/2008.2439(07) PG 34 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLW41 UT WOS:000271219900007 ER PT S AU Jayko, AS Bacon, SN AF Jayko, A. S. Bacon, S. N. BE Reheis, MC Hershler, R Miller, DM TI Late Quaternary MIS 6-8 shoreline features of pluvial Owens Lake, Owens Valley, eastern California SO LATE CENOZOIC DRAINAGE HISTORY OF THE SOUTHWESTERN GREAT BASIN AND LOWER COLORADO RIVER REGION: GEOLOGIC AND BIOTIC PERSPECTIVES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Geologic and Biotic Perspectives on Late Cenozoic Drainage History of the Southwestern Great Basin and Lower Colorado River Region CY APR 12-15, 2005 CL CA SP US Geol Survey Earth Surface Dynam Program, US Geol Survey Natl Cooperat Geol Mapping Program, Smithsonian Inst DE pluvial Owens Lake; Owens River system; deformed shorelines; marine isotope stage 6; MIS 6; Pleistocene lake; Great Basin; Owens Valley ID PARTIALLY DEGASSED XENOLITHS; FISH SPRINGS FAULT; DEATH-VALLEY; SIERRA-NEVADA; RECURRENCE INTERVALS; AR-40-AR-39 ANALYSIS; ERUPTION AGE; ALLUVIAL-FAN; SLIP RATES; LONE-PINE AB The chronologic history of pluvial Owens Lake along the eastern Sierra Nevada in Owens Valley, California, has previously been reported for the interval of time from ca. 25 calibrated ka to the present. However, the age, distribution, and paleoclimatic context of higher-elevation shoreline features have not been formally documented. We describe the location and characteristics of wave-formed erosional and depositional features, as well as fluvial strath terraces that grade into an older shoreline of pluvial Owens Lake. These pluvial-lacustrine features are described between the Olancha area to the south and Poverty Hills area to the north, and they appear to be vertically deformed similar to 20 +/- 4 m across the active oblique-dextral Owens Valley fault zone. They occur at elevations from 1176 to 1182 m along the lower flanks of the Inyo Mountains and Coso Range east of the fault zone to as high as similar to 1204 m west of the fault zone. This relict shoreline, referred to as the 1180 m shoreline, lies similar to 20-40 m higher than the previously documented Last Glacial Maximum shoreline at similar to 1160 m, which occupied the valley during marine isotope stage 2 (MIS 2). Crosscutting relations of wave-formed platforms, notches, and sandy beach deposits, as well as strath terraces on lava flows of the Big Pine volcanic field, bracket the age of the 1180 m shoreline to the time interval between ca. 340 +/- 60 ka and ca. 130 +/- 50 ka. This interval includes marine oxygen isotope stages 8-6 (MIS 8-6), corresponding to 260-240 ka and 185-130 ka, respectively. An additional age estimate for this shoreline is provided by a cosmogenic Cl-36 model age of ca. 160 + 32 ka on reefal tufa at similar to 1170 m elevation from the southeastern margin of the valley. This Cl-36 model age corroborates the constraining ages based on dated lava flows and refines the lake age to the MIS 6 interval. Documentation of this larger pluvial Owens Lake offers insight to the hydrologic balance along the east side of the southern Sierra Nevada and will assist with future regional paleoclimatic models within the western Basin and Range. C1 [Jayko, A. S.] US Geol Survey, UC White Mt Res Stn, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. [Bacon, S. N.] Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Reno, NV 89521 USA. RP Jayko, AS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, UC White Mt Res Stn, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. EM ajayko@usgs.gov; sbacon@dri.edu FU McDonald; Desert Research Institute; Army Research Office [DAAD19-03-1-0159] FX We owe a special thanks to Fred Phillips for graciously providing the 36Cl date from site 10 at 1170 m elevation, pro bono, when he learned about the results of this study. We also thank Alan Gillespie for directing us to published sources of some of the data so often cited elsewhere in the Turrin and Gillespie (1986) abstract. We thank Wally Woolfenden, U.S. Forest Service; Alan Gillespie, University of Washington; and Scott Stine, California State UniversityHayward for constructive and insightful reviews that helped strengthen the manuscript. We additionally thank Marith Reheis for thorough editing and helpful comments. We acknowledge Silvio Pezzopane for engaging discussions on the 1180m shoreline in Owens Valley. S. Bacon acknowledges Eric McDonald, Desert Research Institute, for partial support (Army Research Office Contract No. DAAD19-03-1-0159). We also gratefully acknowledge lively discussions with many Quaternary geologists who pioneered the modern lacustrine studies in the region during Pacific CellFriends of the Pleistocene field trips between 1996 and 2002. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2439-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2008 VL 439 BP 185 EP 206 DI 10.1130/2008.2439(08) PG 22 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLW41 UT WOS:000271219900008 ER PT S AU Reheis, MC Redwine, JL AF Reheis, Marith C. Redwine, Joanna L. BE Reheis, MC Hershler, R Miller, DM TI Lake Manix shorelines and Afton Canyon terraces: Implications for incision of Afton Canyon SO LATE CENOZOIC DRAINAGE HISTORY OF THE SOUTHWESTERN GREAT BASIN AND LOWER COLORADO RIVER REGION: GEOLOGIC AND BIOTIC PERSPECTIVES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Geologic and Biotic Perspectives on Late Cenozoic Drainage History of the Southwestern Great Basin and Lower Colorado River Region CY APR 12-15, 2005 CL CA SP US Geol Survey Earth Surface Dynam Program, US Geol Survey Natl Cooperat Geol Mapping Program, Smithsonian Inst DE pluvial lake; Mojave River; soil development; fluvial incision ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MOJAVE DESERT; QUATERNARY SOILS; LACUSTRINE; EVENTS; RIVER AB Lake Manix, in south-central California, was the terminal basin of the Mojave River until the late Pleistocene, when it drained east to the Lake Mojave Basin. Based on new field observations, radiocarbon ages, and soil development, we propose modifications to previously published hypotheses on the timing of the last 543 m above sea level (masl) highstand of Lake Manix, the timing of the first discharge eastward, and the time required to cut Afton Canyon between the two basins. Subtle beach barriers, wave-cut scarps, and lagged beach gravels indicate that Lake Manix reached highstands between 547 and 558 masl at least twice prior to its previously known 543 m highstands. Properties of soils formed on beach barriers at 547-549 masl compared to soils on dated deposits suggest an age of older than 35 cal ka for this highstand. Calibrated radiocarbon ages for three lacustrine highstands at or near 543 masl are ca. 40-35 ka, 33-30 ka, and 27-25 ka. Lake Manix periodically discharged down a drainage presently located on the north rim of Afton Canyon at 539 masl. Soil development estimated from multiple buried soils within fluvial deposits and overlying fan deposits suggests that discharge was coeval with or somewhat older than the 547-549 m highstand, and that fluvial aggradation in this drainageway was followed by a period of relative landscape stability and episodic burial by alluvial-fan deposits. Strath terraces below these highest fluvial deposits, but above the canyon rim, record initial incision of the Lake Manix threshold. Surface and soil properties indicate that they are latest Pleistocene to early Holocene in age, similar to the previously studied strath terraces that are inset well below the rim and below the basal lake sediments. We suggest that the higher straths above the rim formed no earlier than ca. 25 cal ka. We interpret the soils, stratigraphy, and fluvial landforms in the canyon to indicate relatively rapid incision of Afton Canyon to the depth of the bedrock floor of Lake Manix, followed by intermittent, gradual bedrock incision. C1 [Reheis, Marith C.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 913, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Redwine, Joanna L.] US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89503 USA. RP Reheis, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 913, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mreheis@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2439-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2008 VL 439 BP 227 EP 259 DI 10.1130/2008.2439(10) PG 33 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLW41 UT WOS:000271219900010 ER PT S AU McDougall, K AF McDougall, Kristin BE Reheis, MC Hershler, R Miller, DM TI Late Neogene marine incursions and the ancestral Gulf of California SO LATE CENOZOIC DRAINAGE HISTORY OF THE SOUTHWESTERN GREAT BASIN AND LOWER COLORADO RIVER REGION: GEOLOGIC AND BIOTIC PERSPECTIVES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Geologic and Biotic Perspectives on Late Cenozoic Drainage History of the Southwestern Great Basin and Lower Colorado River Region CY APR 12-15, 2005 CL Zzyzx, CA SP US Geol Survey Earth Surface Dynam Program, US Geol Survey Natl Cooperat Geol Mapping Program, Smithsonian Inst DE microfossils; biostratigraphy; Neogene; Salton Trough; Colorado River ID LOWER COLORADO-RIVER; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; SALTON-TROUGH; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; GEOLOGIC HISTORY; IMPERIAL-VALLEY; BOUSE FORMATION; LATE MIOCENE; PLIOCENE; STRATIGRAPHY AB The late Neogene section in the Salton Trough, California, and along the lower Colorado River in Arizona is composed of marine units bracketed by nonmarine units. Microfossils from the marine deposits indicate that a marine incursion inundated the Salton Trough during the late Miocene. Water depths increased rapidly in the Miocene and eventually flooded the region now occupied by the Colorado River as far north as Parker, Arizona. Marine conditions were restricted in the Pliocene as the Colorado River filled the Salton Trough with sediments and the Gulf of California assumed its present configuration. Microfossils from the early part of this incursion include a diverse assemblage of benthic foraminifers (Amphistegina gibbosa, Uvigerina peregrina, Cassidulina delicata, and Bolivina interjuncta), planktic foraminifers (Globigerinoides obliquus, G. extremus, and Globigerina nepenthes), and calcareous nannoplankton (Discoaster brouweri, Discoaster aff. Discoaster surculus, Sphenolithus abies, and S. neoabies), whereas microfossils in the final phase contain a less diverse assemblage of benthic foraminifers that are diagnostic of marginal shallow-marine conditions (Ammonia, Elphidium, Bolivina, Cibicides, and Quinqueloculina). Evidence of an earlier middle Miocene marine incursion comes from reworked microfossils found near Split Mountain Gorge in the Fish Creek Gypsum (Sphenolithus moriformis) and near San Gorgonio Pass (Cyclicargolithus floridanus and Sphenolithus heteromorphus and planktic foraminifers). The middle Miocene incursion may also be represented by the older marine sedimentary rocks encountered in the subsurface near Yuma, Arizona, where rare middle Miocene planktic foraminifers are found. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP McDougall, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 104 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2439-3 J9 GEOL S AM S PY 2008 VL 439 BP 355 EP 373 DI 10.1130/2008.2439(16) PG 19 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLW41 UT WOS:000271219900016 ER PT S AU Howard, KA Lundstrom, SC Malmon, DV Hook, SJ AF Howard, Keith A. Lundstrom, Scott C. Malmon, Daniel V. Hook, Simon J. BE Reheis, MC Hershler, R Miller, DM TI Age, distribution, and formation of late Cenozoic paleovalleys of the lower Colorado River and their relation to river aggradation and degradation SO LATE CENOZOIC DRAINAGE HISTORY OF THE SOUTHWESTERN GREAT BASIN AND LOWER COLORADO RIVER REGION: GEOLOGIC AND BIOTIC PERSPECTIVES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Geologic and Biotic Perspectives on Late Cenozoic Drainage History of the Southwestern Great Basin and Lower Colorado River Region CY APR 12-15, 2005 CL Zzyzx, CA SP US Geol Survey Earth Surface Dynam Program, US Geol Survey Natl Cooperat Geol Mapping Program, Smithsonian Inst DE paleovalleys; aggradation; incision; fluvial ID SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; SOUTHWESTERN ARIZONA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; WESTERN ARIZONA; BOUSE FORMATION; SALTON TROUGH; GEOMORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; PLATEAU; HISTORY AB Distinctive far-traveled fluvial sediment of the lower Colorado River fills 20 paleovalleys now stranded by the river downstream of Grand Canyon as it crosses the Basin and Range Province. These sediments resulted from two or more aggradational episodes in Pliocene and Pleistocene times following initial incision during the early Pliocene. A review of the stratigraphic evidence of major swings in river elevation over the last 5 m.y. from alternating degradation and aggradation episodes establishes a framework for understanding the incision and filling of the paleovalleys. The paleovalleys are found mostly along narrow bedrock canyon reaches of the river, where divides of bedrock or old deposits separate them from the modern river. The paleovalleys are interpreted to have stemmed from periods of aggradation that filled and broadened the river valley, burying low uplands in the canyon reaches into which later channel positions were entrenched during subsequent degradation episodes. The aggradation-degradation cycles resulted in the stranding of incised river valleys that range in elevation from near the modern river to 350 m above it. C1 [Howard, Keith A.; Malmon, Daniel V.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Howard, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 973,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM khoward@usgs.gov NR 82 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2439-3 J9 GEOL S AM S PY 2008 VL 439 BP 391 EP 410 DI 10.1130/2008.2439(18) PG 20 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLW41 UT WOS:000271219900017 ER PT S AU Lundstrom, SC Mahan, SA Paces, JB Hudson, MR House, PK Malmon, DV AF Lundstrom, Scott C. Mahan, Shannon A. Paces, James B. Hudson, Mark R. House, P. Kyle Malmon, Daniel V. BE Reheis, MC Hershler, R Miller, DM TI Late Pleistocene aggradation and degradation of the lower Colorado River: Perspectives from the Cottonwood area and other reconnaissance below Boulder Canyon SO LATE CENOZOIC DRAINAGE HISTORY OF THE SOUTHWESTERN GREAT BASIN AND LOWER COLORADO RIVER REGION: GEOLOGIC AND BIOTIC PERSPECTIVES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Geologic and Biotic Perspectives on Late Cenozoic Drainage History of the Southwestern Great Basin and Lower Colorado River Region CY APR 12-15, 2005 CL CA SP US Geol Survey Earth Surface Dynam Program, US Geol Survey Natl Cooperat Geol Mapping Program, Smithsonian Inst DE fluvial geomorphology; Colorado River; late Pleistocene; Chemehuevi aggradation ID WESTERN GRAND-CANYON; OUTBURST-FLOOD DEPOSITS; GEOCHEMICAL DISCRIMINATION; MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; GREAT-BASIN; LUMINESCENCE; ARIZONA; PLATEAU; CLIMATE; CHRONOLOGY AB Where the lower Colorado River traverses the Basin and Range Province below the Grand Canyon, significant late Pleistocene aggradation and subsequent degradation of the river are indicated by luminescence, paleomagnetic, and U-series data and stratigraphy. Aggradational, finely bedded reddish mud, clay, and silt are underlain and overlain by cross-bedded to plane-bedded fine sand and silt. That sequence is commonly disconformably overlain by up to 15 m of coarse sand, rounded exotic gravel, and angular, locally derived gravel. Luminescence dates on the fine sediments range from ca. 40 ka to 70 ka, considering collective uncertainties. A section of fine-grained sediments over a vertical range of 15 m shows normal polarity magnetization and little apparent secular variation beyond dispersion that can be explained by compaction. Aggradation on large local tributaries such as Las Vegas Wash appears to have been coeval with that of the Colorado River. The upper limits of erosional remnants of the sequence define a steeper grade above the historical river, and these late Pleistocene deposits are greater than 100 m above the modern river north of 35 degrees N. Terrace gravels inset below the upper limit of the aggradational sequence yield Th-230 dates that range from ca. 32 ka to 60 ka and indicate that degradation of the river system in this area closely followed aggradation. The thick sequence of rhythmically bedded mud and silt possibly indicates settings that were ponded laterally between valley slopes and levees of the aggrading river. Potential driving mechanisms for such aggradation and degradation include sediment-yield response to climate change, drought, fire, vegetation-ecosystem dynamics, glaciation, paleofloods, groundwater discharge, and building and destruction of natural dams produced by volcanism and landslides. C1 [Lundstrom, Scott C.; Mahan, Shannon A.; Paces, James B.; Hudson, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [House, P. Kyle] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Malmon, Daniel V.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lundstrom, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 FU National Park Service; Lake Mead National Recreation Area; Bureau of Reclamation for logistics and permissions; U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program FX This paper was significantly improved through reviews by Phil Pearthree, Tammy Rittenour, Jon Spencer, and Dave Miller, as well as through reviews of a much earlier version by Jim OConnor and others. We thank the National Park Service, Lake Mead National Recreation Area, and Bureau of Reclamation for logistics and permissions, and the U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program for support. James Messerich, Lisa Rukstales, and Paco VanSistine, respectively, provided photogrammetric and graphical expertise. Our work also benefited from discussions with Vic Baker, John Bell, Sue Beard, Bob Bohannon, Gary Dixon, Jim Faulds, Tracey Felger, Cassie Fenton, Greg Hancock, Ivo Lucchitta, Ari Matmon, Dave Miller, Rich Reynolds, Geof Spaulding, Bob Webb, John Whitney, Van Williams, and others. NR 78 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2439-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2008 VL 439 BP 411 EP 432 DI 10.1130/2008.2439(19) PG 22 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLW41 UT WOS:000271219900018 ER PT J AU Bennett, JP AF Bennett, James P. TI Discrimination of lichen genera and species using element concentrations SO LICHENOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Cladonia rangiferina; Evernia mesomorpha; inorganic chemistry; lichen products; parmelioid lichens; taxonomy ID HEAVY-METALS; TERRICOLOUS LICHENS; EPIPHYTIC LICHENS; ACCUMULATION; LOCALIZATION; PERFORMANCE; MORPHOLOGY; PARMELIA; ISLANDS; PLANTS AB The importance of organic chemistry in the classification of lichens is well established, but inorganic chemistry has been largely overlooked. Six lichen species were studied over a period of 23 years that were growing in I I protected areas of the northern Great Lakes ecoregion, which were not greatly influenced by anthropogenic particulates or gaseous air pollutants. The elemental data from these studies were aggregated in order to test the hypothesis that differences among species in tissue element concentrations were large enough to discriminate between taxa faithfully. Concentrations of 16 chemical elements that were found in tissue samples from Cladonia rangiferina, Evernia mesomorpha, Flavopunctelia flaventior, Hypogymnia physodes, Parmelia sulcata., and Punctelia rudecta were analyzed statistically using multivariate discriminant functions and CART analyses, as well as t-tests. Genera and species were clearly separated in element space, and elemental discriminant functions were able to classify 91-100% of the samples correctly into species. At the broadest level, a Zn concentration of 51 ppm in tissues of four of the lichen species effectively discriminated foliose from fruticose species. Similarly, a S concentration of 680 ppm discriminated C. rangiferina and E. mesomorpha, and a Ca concentration of 10 436 ppm discriminated H. physodes from P. sulcata. For the three parmelioid species, a Ca concentration >32 837 ppm discriminated Punctelia rudecta from the other two species, while a Zn concentration of 56 ppm discriminated Parmelia sulcata from F. flaventior. Foliose species also had higher concentrations than did fruticose species of all elements except Na. Elemental signatures for each of the six species were developed using standardized means. Twenty-four mechanisms explaining the differences among species are summarized. Finally, the relationships of four species based on element concentrations, using additive-trees clustering of a Euclidean-distance matrix, produced identical relationships as did analyses based on secondary product chemistry that used additive-trees clustering of a Jaccard similarity matrix. At least for these six species, element composition has taxonomic significance, and may be useful for discriminating other taxa. C1 [Bennett, James P.] US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bennett, James P.] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bennett, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 445 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jpbennet@wisc.edu NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0024-2829 J9 LICHENOLOGIST JI Lichenologist PY 2008 VL 40 BP 135 EP 151 DI 10.1017/S0024282908007445 PN 2 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences; Mycology SC Plant Sciences; Mycology GA 306CB UT WOS:000256224000008 ER PT J AU Stets, EG Cotner, JB AF Stets, Edward G. Cotner, James B. TI The influence of dissolved organic carbon on bacterial phosphorus uptake and bacteria phytoplankton dynamics in two Minnesota lakes SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL AQUATIC SYSTEMS; FOOD-WEB; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; BACTERIOPLANKTON GROWTH; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; DEGRADABLE DOC; ECOSYSTEMS; GLUCOSE; COMPETITION AB The balance of production in any ecosystem is dependent on the flow of limiting nutrients into either the autotrophic or heterotrophic components of the food web. To understand one of the important controls on the flow of inorganic nutrients between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton in lakes, we manipulated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in two lakes of different trophic status. We hypothesized that labile DOC additions would increase bacterial phosphorus (P) uptake and decrease the response of phytoplankton to nutrient additions. Supplemental nutrients and carbon (C), nitrogen (N, 1.6 mu mol NH4Cl L-1 d(-1)), P (0.1 mu mol KH2PO4 L-1 d(-1)), and DOC (glucose, 15 mu mol C L-1 d(-1)) were added twice daily to 8-liter experimental units. We tested the effect of added DOC on chlorophyll concentration, bacterial production, biomass, and P uptake using size-fractionated P-33-PO4 uptake. In the oligotrophic lake, DOC additions stimulated bacterial production and increased bacterial biomass-specific P uptake. Bacteria consumed added DOC, and chlorophyll concentrations were significantly lower in carboys receiving DOC additions. In the eutrophic lake, DOC additions had less of a stimulatory effect on bacterial production and biomass-specific P uptake. DOC accumulated over the time period, and there was little evidence for a DOC-induced decrease in phytoplankton biomass. Bacterial growth approached the calculated mu(max) and yet did not accumulate biomass, indicating significant biomass losses, which may have constrained bacterial DOC consumption. Excess bacterial DOC consumption in oligotrophic lakes may result in greater bacterial P affinity and enhanced nutrient uptake by the heterotrophic compartment of the food web. On the other hand, constraints on bacterial biomass accumulation in eutrophic lakes, from either viral lysis or bacterial grazing, can allow labile DOC to accumulate, thereby negating the effect of excess DOC on the planktonic food web. C1 [Stets, Edward G.; Cotner, James B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Stets, EG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM estets@usgs.gov OI Stets, Edward/0000-0001-5375-0196 NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 34 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 137 EP 147 DI 10.4319/lo.2008.53.1.0137 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 309ZK UT WOS:000256498500012 ER PT J AU Oppel, S Powell, AN AF Oppel, Steffen Powell, Abby N. TI Assigning king eiders to wintering regions in the Bering Sea using stable isotopes of feathers and claws SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Geographic assignment; Stable isotopes; Bering Sea; King eider; C-13; N-15; Feather ID COMMON EIDERS; MIGRATORY CONNECTIVITY; GEOGRAPHIC ASSIGNMENT; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; SOUTHWEST GREENLAND; BREEDING GROUNDS; NORTHERN NORWAY; BODY CONDITION; SITE FIDELITY AB Identification of wintering regions for birds sampled during the breeding season is crucial to understanding how events outside the breeding season may affect populations. We assigned king eiders captured on breeding grounds in northern Alaska to 3 broad geographic wintering regions in the Bering Sea using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes obtained from head feathers. Using a discriminant function analysis of feathers obtained from birds tracked with satellite transmitters, we estimated that 88 % of feathers were assigned to the region in which they were grown. We then assigned 84 birds of unknown origin to wintering regions based on their head feather isotope ratios, and tested the utility of claws for geographic assignment. Based on the feather results, we estimated that similar proportions of birds in our study area use each of the 3 wintering regions in the Bering Sea. These results are in close agreement with estimates from satellite telemetry and show the usefulness of stable isotope signatures of feathers in assigning marine birds to geographic regions. The use of claws is currently limited by incomplete understanding of claw growth rates. Data presented here will allow managers of eiders, other marine birds, and marine mammals to assign animals to regions in the Bering Sea based on stable isotope signatures of body tissues. C1 [Oppel, Steffen] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Oppel, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, 211 Irving 1, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM steffen.oppel@gmail.com OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X FU Coastal Marine Institute (University of Alaska, Fairbanks); Minerals Management Service; U.S. Geological Survey; NPR-A Impact Funds; State of Alaska's Department of Commerce; Community and Economic Development; U.S. Geological Survey (Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit); Institute for Arctic Biology (University of Alaska, Fairbanks); ConocoPhillips Alaska Inc.; German Academic Exchange Service FX This study was funded by the Coastal Marine Institute (University of Alaska, Fairbanks), Minerals Management Service, and U.S. Geological Survey. Further financial and technical support was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, North Slope Borough from NPR-A Impact Funds from the State of Alaska's Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development, U.S. Geological Survey (Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit), Institute for Arctic Biology (University of Alaska, Fairbanks), ConocoPhillips Alaska Inc., and German Academic Exchange Service, We thank C. Monnett, J. Gleason, and B. Anderson for input and technical assistance, and C, Rea and R. Suydam for logistical support. For assistance in trapping eiders we thank R. Bentzen, C. Latty, M. Miller, J. Rogalla, and J. Heathcote. S. Sekine, E. Boone, M. Miller, N. Haubenstock and T. Howe helped with sample preparation, processing, and data interpretation. We are very grateful to M. Knoche and L. Phillips, who initiated this project and provided inspiration and assistance throughout. D. L. Dickson shared information on satellite tracked birds, and R. P. Barry and R. Mundry offered assistance for data analysis. The manuscript benefited from thoughtful comments by D. Rocque, R. Suydam, E. Weiser, and E. C. Murphy. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 373 BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.3354/meps07744 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 398KM UT WOS:000262731000012 ER PT J AU Middleton, B Devlin, D Proffitt, E Mckee, K Cretini, KF AF Middleton, Beth Devlin, Donna Proffitt, Edward McKee, Karen Cretini, Kari Foster TI Characteristics of mangrove swamps managed for mosquito control in eastern Florida, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Avicennia germinans; Crab burrowing; Functional assessment; Production; Rhizophora mangle; Schinus terebinthifolius; Soil organic matter; Wetland restoration ID AVICENNIA-GERMINANS; WATER WETLANDS; RIVER ESTUARY; PUERTO-RICO; SALT-MARSH; FORESTS; PRODUCTIVITY; RESTORATION; TRAJECTORIES; PHOSPHORUS AB Manipulations of the vegetation and hydrology of wetlands for mosquito control are common worldwide, but these modifications may affect vital ecosystem processes. To control mosquitoes in mangrove swamps in eastern Florida, managers have used rotational impoundment management (RIM) as an alternative to the worldwide practice of mosquito ditching. Levees surround RIM swamps, and water is pumped into the impoundment during the summer, a season when natural swamps have low water levels. In the New World, these mosquito-managed swamps resemble the mixed basin type of mangrove swamp (based on PCA analysis). An assessment was made of RIM, natural (control), and breached-RIM (restored) swamps in eastern Florida to compare their structural complexities, soil development, and resistance to invasion. Regarding structural complexity, dominant species composition differed between these swamps; the red mangrove Rhizophora mangle occurred at a higher relative density in RIM and breached-RIM swamps, and the black mangrove Avicennia germinans had a higher relative density in natural swamps. Tree density and canopy cover were higher and tree height lower in RIM swamps than in natural and breached-RIM swamps. Soil organic matter in RIM swamps was twice that in natural or breached-RIM swamps. RIM swamps had a lower resistance to invasion by the Brazilian pepper tree Schinus terebinthifolius, which is likely attributable to the lower porewater salinity in RIM swamps. These characteristics may reflect differences in important ecosystem processes (primary production, trophic structure, nutrient cycling, decomposition). Comparative assessments of managed wetlands are vital for land managers, so that they can make informed decisions compatible with conservation objectives. C1 [Middleton, Beth; McKee, Karen; Cretini, Kari Foster] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Devlin, Donna; Proffitt, Edward] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Middleton, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM middletonb@usgs.gov RI McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014 OI McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X FU US Fish and Wildlife Service [401816N003] FX Funding for this project was provided by US Fish and Wildlife Service project no. 401816N003, Comparison of vegetation and soil development in mangrove restoration areas following various restoration procedures. We thank J. David and M. Toliver of the St. Lucie Mosquito Control Management District, and D. Carlson, J. Beidler, and B. Reeves of the Indian River Mosquito Control Management District for their field and logistical assistance and natural history information. Also thanks to the St. Lucie Mosquito Control Management District via L. Goldsmith for the water data used in the hydrographs. E. Travis provided laboratory support. R. Dale gave statistical advice. E. Ramsey and R. Howard gave helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 22 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 371 BP 117 EP 129 DI 10.3354/meps07683 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 385FA UT WOS:000261797800011 ER PT J AU Taggart, SJ Mondragon, J Andrews, AG Nielsen, JK AF Taggart, S. James Mondragon, Jennifer Andrews, Alexander G. Nielsen, Julie K. TI Spatial patterns and movements of red king and Tanner crabs: implications for the design of marine protected areas SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE marine protected area; MPA; marine reserve; sonic tracking; transfer rate; acoustic monitoring; Paralithodes camtschaticus; Chionoecetes bairdi ID PARALITHODES-CAMTSCHATICA; CHIONOECETES-BAIRDI; SPINY LOBSTERS; LONG-TERM; RESERVES; SPILLOVER; ALASKA; FISHERIES; ASSOCIATION; POPULATIONS AB Most examples of positive population responses to marine protected areas (MPAs) have been documented for tropical reef species with very small home ranges; the utility of MPAs for commercially harvested temperate species that have large movement patterns remains poorly tested. We measured the distribution and abundance of red king Paralithodes camtschaticus and Tanner Chionoecetes bairdi crabs inside and outside of MPAs in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska, USA. By tagging a sub-sample of crabs with sonic tags, we estimated the movement of adult crabs from one of the MPAs (Muir Inlet) into the central portion of Glacier Bay where fishing still occurs. Tanner crabs and red king crabs moved similar average distances per day, although Tanner crabs had a higher transfer out of the Muir Inlet MPA into the central bay, Tanner crab movements were characterized by large variation among individual crabs, both in distance and direction traveled, while red king crabs migrated seasonally between 2 specific areas. Although Tanner crabs exhibited relatively large movements, distribution and abundance data suggest that they may be restricted at large spatial scales by habitat barriers. MPAs that are effective at protecting king and especially Tanner crab brood stock from fishing mortality will likely need to be larger than is typical of MPAs worldwide. However, by incorporating information on the seasonal movements of red king crabs and the location of habitat barriers for Tanner crabs, MPAs could likely be designed that would effectively protect adults from fishing mortality. C1 [Taggart, S. James; Mondragon, Jennifer; Andrews, Alexander G.; Nielsen, Julie K.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Taggart, SJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, 709 W 9th St, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM spjataggart@gmail.com FU US Geological Survey; National Park Service FX We thank the many people that made this project possible. J. de La Bruere made the field work efficient and enjoyable through his expert ability to operate the RV 'Alaskan Gyre.' J. Clark provided valuable advice on the sampling design, T. Shirley, B. Bechtol, and 4 anonymous reviewers provided comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This project was funded by the US Geological Survey and the National Park Service. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 365 BP 151 EP 163 DI 10.3354/meps074193 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 350UU UT WOS:000259379600014 ER PT J AU Monticelli, D Ramos, JA Hines, JE Nichols, JD Spendelow, JA AF Monticelli, David Ramos, Jaime A. Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. Spendelow, Jeffrey A. TI Juvenile survival in a tropical population of roseate terns: interannual variation and effect of tick parasitism SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE ectoparasitism; first-year survival; multistate capture-recapture models; temporal variability; Sterna dougallii ID KITTIWAKE RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS; BREEDING PROBABILITIES; STERNA-DOUGALLII; LARGE HERBIVORES; ADULT SURVIVAL; SITE FIDELITY; IXODES-URIAE; COMMON TERN; AGE AB Many demographic studies on long-lived seabirds have focused on the estimation of adult survival, but much less is known about survival during the early years of life, especially in tropical species. We report analyses of a capture-recapture dataset of 685 roseate terns ringed as fledglings and adults between 1998 and 2005 on Aride Island, Seychelles, and recaptured/resighted at the same colony site over a 5 yr (2002 to 2006) period. A multistate model was used to estimate survival for different age classes, including juvenile (first-year) birds returning as non-breeding prospectors. The effect of infestation by parasites (ticks) on survival was also examined. Overall, the estimated return of first-year individuals to the natal colony was very variable, ranging from 2 to 22%. Conditioned on survival, the probability of returning from Age 2 yr onwards increased to 70%. Survival rates were best modeled as time-specific, with estimates varying from 0.02 to 1.00 (mean 0.69) in first-year birds with a marked negative effect of tick infestation. In older birds (minimum age of 2 yr), the annual estimates fell between 0.69 and 0.86 (mean 0.77). Using a components of variance approach for estimation of year-to-year variation, we found high temporal variability for first-year individuals (coefficient of variation [CV] = 65 %) compared to much less variation in the survival rate of older birds (CV = 9 %). These findings agree with the life-history prediction that demographic rates of juveniles are usually lower and more variable than those of older individuals. Our results are also consistent with the predicted negative effect of tick parasitism on juvenile survival. Compared with data from other roseate tern populations, survival over the first 2 yr (Age 0 to 2 yr) was 18 to 40 % higher in this study, suggesting that a high 'young' survival rate may be an important demographic trait in this tropical population to compensate for the low annual reproductive success. Our data show that estimating survival of young individuals may be crucial to elucidating the demographic tactics of seabirds. C1 [Monticelli, David] Inst Royal Sci Nat Belgique, Sect Conservat Biol, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Monticelli, David] Gembloux Agr Univ, Lab Trop & Subtrop Forestry, Unit Forest & Nat Management, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. [Ramos, Jaime A.] Univ Coimbra, Dept Zool, Inst Marine Res, P-3004517 Coimbra, Portugal. [Hines, James E.; Nichols, James D.; Spendelow, Jeffrey A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Monticelli, D (reprint author), Inst Royal Sci Nat Belgique, Sect Conservat Biol, 29 Rue Vautier, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. EM monticelli.david@gmail.com OI Monticelli, David/0000-0002-6566-7346; Ramos, Jaime/0000-0002-9533-987X FU Nature Exploration and Conservation; [WI-36-D03] FX We are indebted to J. Cadbury and the Island Conservation Society for permission to work on Aride. This study was partially funded by J. Cadbury (travel assistance), the King Leopold III Fund for Nature Exploration and Conservation, and a doctoral grant to D.M. (Contract WI-36-D03). We are grateful to I. Nisbet for valuable comments on the manuscript. Bird ringing was undertaken under license of the Portuguese Bird Ringing Centre with the special roseate tern 'field-readable' rings provided by N. Ratcliffe at the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, UK, The work conforms to the legal requirements of the Republic of Seychelles where it was conducted. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 365 BP 277 EP 287 DI 10.3354/meps07508 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 350UU UT WOS:000259379600023 ER PT J AU Renner, M Hunt, GL Piatt, JF Byrd, GV AF Renner, Martin Hunt, George L., Jr. Piatt, John F. Byrd, G. Vernon TI Seasonal and distributional patterns of seabirds along the Aleutian Archipelago SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Aleutian North Slope Current; euphausiids; indicator species; seabird biomass ID BERING-SEA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ALASKA; ISLAND; ZOOPLANKTON; ECOLOGY; EASTERN; PASSES; PREY; AVAILABILITY AB The Aleutian Archipelago is of global importance to seabirds during the northern summer, but little is known about seabird use of these waters during winter. We compare summer and winter abundances of seabirds around 3 islands: Buldir in the western, Kasatochi in the central, and Aiktak in the eastern Aleutians. The density of combined seabird biomass in nearshore marine waters was higher in summer than in winter at Buldir and Kasatochi, but was higher in winter at Aiktak, despite the departure of abundant migratory species. Comparing foraging guilds, we found that only piscivores increased at the western and central sites in winter, whereas at the eastern site several planktivorous species increased as well. The only planktivore remaining in winter at the central and western sites in densities comparable to summer densities was whiskered auklet Aethia pygmaea. Crested auklet Aethia cristatella and thick-billed murre Uria lomvia showed the greatest proportional winter increase at the eastern site. The seasonal patterns of the seabird communities suggest a winter breakdown of the copepod-based food web in the central and western parts of the archipelago, and a system that remains rich in euphausiids in the eastern Aleutians. We suggest that in winter crested auklets take the trophic role that short-tailed shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris occupy during summer. We hypothesize that advection of euphausiids in the Aleutian North Slope Current is important for supporting the high biomass of planktivores that occupy the Unimak Pass region on a year-round basis. C1 [Renner, Martin; Hunt, George L., Jr.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Piatt, John F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Byrd, G. Vernon] Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Renner, M (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM auklet@bigfoot.com OI Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 357 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.3354/meps07325 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 296VE UT WOS:000255573100026 ER PT J AU La Peyre, MK Birdsong, T AF La Peyre, Megan K. Birdsong, Timothy TI Physical variation of non-vegetated marsh edge habitats, and use patterns by nekton in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE non-vegetated marsh edge; nekton; nekton community; Louisiana; edge habitat ID ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; SALT-MARSH; FISH COMMUNITIES; NORTH-CAROLINA; ESTUARY; PREDATION; SEAGRASS; TEXAS; COAST; CRUSTACEANS AB While the ecological importance of vegetated marsh edge habitats for many estuarine-dependent nekton is well documented, less is known about nekton use of the non-vegetated, water edge adjacent to marsh habitats and how physical variation of these habitats affects habitat use. The effects of morphological variation of these edge habitats on nekton communities were studied in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, USA. Monthly seining in fall 2003 (September, October, November) and spring 2004 (March, April, May) was conducted at 75 marsh edge study sites < 10 m from the water-vegetation interface. Morphological variation in edge habitats (i.e. elevation, slope, irregularity) was quantified concurrent with nekton sampling at each sample site. Nekton assemblages were analyzed seasonally as different community assemblages were present in fall and spring, although consistent patterns emerged. Temperature and salinity were the dominant factors influencing nekton assemblages. Edge habitats with shallower slopes and greater marsh inundation supported more organisms and more resident species; in contrast, edges with steeper slopes supported more diverse and species-rich assemblages, possibly providing greater niche availability due to larger water depth gradients and increased edge irregularity, particularly when the adjacent marsh is not flooded. Use of the gently sloped sites by organisms probably reflects increased access to the marsh when flooded, and may provide shallow water refuge for many smaller species. Non-vegetated marsh edge provides valuable habitat for species, and the physical variation that exists within this habitat helps support a high species diversity. C1 [La Peyre, Megan K.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, US Geol Survey,Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP La Peyre, MK (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, US Geol Survey,Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mlapey@lsu.edu NR 41 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 356 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.3354/meps07256 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 288CN UT WOS:000254963900005 ER PT J AU Jackson, NL Smith, DR Nordstrom, KF AF Jackson, Nancy L. Smith, David R. Nordstrom, Karl F. TI Physical and chemical changes in the foreshore of an estuarine beach: implications for viability and development of horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus eggs SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Delaware bay; estuarine foreshore; horseshoe crab; egg development; sediment activation ID NEST-SITE SELECTION; INTERSTITIAL WATER; PLUNGING BREAKERS; TIDAL DYNAMICS; MIXING-DEPTHS; DELAWARE BAY; GRAIN-SIZE; TEMPERATURE; SEDIMENT; SAND AB Knowledge of conditions that favor development of eggs is important for management of species whose population growth is sensitive to early life history survival. Viability and development of the eggs of horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus on a sand and gravel beach were evaluated using data gathered on Delaware Bay, USA, from 18 May to 19 June 2004. Eggs were transplanted to pouches and buried in the foreshore for up to 6 wk. Viability and developmental stage were estimated as a function of oxygen and temperature gradients across the foreshore. These gradients were related to the characteristics of the intertidal foreshore sediments, beach water table changes, and frequency of inundation due to tide and swash/backwash processes. Results demonstrate the importance of interstitial temperature for development to larvae and the passive role of sediment characteristics on moisture retention and temperature. Percentage of eggs remaining in egg stage was similar across the foreshore, but more eggs developed to embryos at 0.45 of foreshore width, where moisture and gravel content were greater and interstitial temperature was lower. More eggs developed to larvae at 0.60 and 0.75 of foreshore width, where moisture and gravel content were less but interstitial temperature was higher. The beach above 0.75 of foreshore width came under the influence of wave action or full tidal inundation only during high wave heights or spring tides, and pouches at 0.75 of foreshore width were inundated only 19% of the time. Periodic wetting at this elevation did not reduce overall viability of the eggs. High wave energy events resulted in sediment activation depths to pouches at 0.30 of foreshore width, where loss of eggs due to wave activation was the most important control on the development of eggs. C1 [Jackson, Nancy L.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Smith, David R.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Nordstrom, Karl F.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Jackson, NL (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM jacksonn@njit.edu NR 37 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 355 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.3354/meps07211 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 280NH UT WOS:000254433000017 ER PT J AU Hein, J Clague, D Koski, R Embley, R Dunham, R AF Hein, James R. Clague, David A. Koski, Randolph A. Embley, Robert W. Dunham, Rachel E. TI Metalliferous Sediment and a Silica-Hematite Deposit within the Blanco Fracture Zone, Northeast Pacific SO MARINE GEORESOURCES & GEOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blanco F; Z; hydrothermal hematite; metalliterous sediment; northeast Pacific; silica ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; SOUTHWEST PACIFIC; LOW-TEMPERATURE; RIDGE; ATLANTIC; OXYHYDROXIDES; GEOCHEMISTRY; IRONSTONES; AUSTRALIA; SEAMOUNTS AB A Tiburon ROV dive within the East Blanco Depression (EBD) increased the mapped extent of a known hydrothermal field by an order of magnitude. In addition, a unique opal-CT (cristobalite-tridymite)-hematite mound was discovered, and mineralized sediments and rock were collected and analyzed. Silica-hematite mounds have not previously been found on the deep ocean floor. The light-weight rock of the porous mound consists predominantly of opal-CT and hematite filaments, rods, and strands, and averages 77.8% SiO2 and 11.8% Fe2O3. The hematite and opal-CT precipitated from a low-temperature (115 C), strongly oxidized, silica- and iron-rich, sulfur-poor hydrothermal fluid; a bacterial mat provided the framework for precipitation. Samples collected from a volcaniclastic rock outcrop consist primarily of quartz with lesser plagioclase, smectite, pyroxene, and sulfides; SiO2 content averages 72.5%. Formation of these quartz-rich samples is best explained by cooling in an up-flow zone of silica-rich hydrothermal fluids within a low permeability system. Opal-A, opal-CT, and quartz mineralization found in different places within the EBD hydrothermal field likely reflects decreasing silica saturation and increasing temperature of the mineralizing fluid with increasing silica crystallinity. Six push cores recovered gravel, coarse sand, and mud mineralized variously by Fe or Mn oxides, silica, and sulfides. Total rare-earth element concentrations are low for both the rock and push core samples. Ce and Eu anomalies reflect high and low temperature hydrothermal components and detrital phases. A remarkable variety of types of mineralization occur within the EBD field, yet a consistent suite of elements is enriched (relative to basalt and unmineralized cores) in all samples analyzed: Ag, Au, S, Mo, Hg, As, Sb, Sr, and U; most samples are also enriched in Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn. On the basis of these element enrichments, the EBD hydrothermal field might best be described as a base- and precious-metal-bearing, silica-Fe-oxide-barite deposit. Such deposits are commonly spatially and temporally associated with volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) ores. A plot of data for pathfinder elements shows a large hot spot at the northwestern margin of the field, which may mark a region where moderate to high temperature sulfide deposits are forming at depth; further exploration of the hydrothermal field to the northwest is warranted. C1 [Hein, James R.; Koski, Randolph A.; Dunham, Rachel E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Clague, David A.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Embley, Robert W.] NOAA, PMEL, Newport, OR USA. RP Hein, J (reprint author), 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhein@usgs.gov FU MBARI FX We thank the scientists and crew of the R. V. Western Flyer and the MBARI support staff. We also thank John Slack and Stephanie Ross for reviewing this paper. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-119X J9 MAR GEORESOUR GEOTEC JI Mar. Geores. Geotechnol. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 317 EP 339 AR PII 906369678 DI 10.1080/10641190802430986 PG 23 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Geological; Oceanography; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 379RO UT WOS:000261414100007 ER PT J AU Udevitz, MS Burn, DM Webber, MA AF Udevitz, Mark S. Burn, Douglas M. Webber, Marc A. TI Estimation of walrus populations on sea ice with infrared imagery and aerial photography SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aerial survey; Bering Sea; digital photography; infrared; Odobenus rosmarus divergens; Pacific walrus; Poisson regression; population estimation; regression estimation; thermal imagery ID DETECTING TRENDS; PACIFIC WALRUS; ABUNDANCE; ROSMARUS; MAMMALS; MODEL; POWER; SIZE; BAY AB Population sizes of ice-associated pinnipeds have often been estimated with visual or photographic aerial surveys, but these methods require relatively slow speeds and low altitudes, limiting the area they can cover. Recent developments in infrared imagery and its integration with digital photography could allow substantially larger areas to be surveyed and more accurate enumeration of individuals, thereby solving major problems with previous survey methods. We conducted a trial survey in April 2003 to estimate the number of Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) hauled out on sea ice around St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. The survey used high altitude infrared imagery to detect groups of walruses on strip transects. Low altitude digital photography was used to determine the number of walruses in a sample of detected groups and calibrate the infrared imagery for estimating the total number of walruses. We propose a survey design incorporating this approach with satellite radio telemetry to estimate the proportion of the population in the water and additional low-level flights to estimate the proportion of the hauled-out population in groups too small to be detected in the infrared imagery. We believe that this approach offers the potential for obtaining reliable population estimates for walruses and other ice-associated pinnipeds. C1 [Udevitz, Mark S.] USGS, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Burn, Douglas M.; Webber, Marc A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management Off, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Udevitz, MS (reprint author), USGS, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM mark_udevitz@usgs.gov OI Udevitz, Mark/0000-0003-4659-138X NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00169.x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 262AN UT WOS:000253121500005 ER PT J AU Singer, DA AF Singer, Donald A. TI Mineral deposit densities for estimating mineral resources SO MATHEMATICAL GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE mineral resource assessment; number of deposits AB Estimates of numbers of mineral deposits are fundamental to assessing undiscovered mineral resources. Just as frequencies of grades and tonnages of well-explored deposits can be used to represent the grades and tonnages of undiscovered deposits, the density of deposits ( deposits/ area) in well- explored control areas can serve to represent the number of deposits. Empirical evidence presented here indicates that the processes affecting the number and quantity of resources in geological settings are very general across many types of mineral deposits. For podiform chromite, porphyry copper, and volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit types, the size of tract that geologically could contain the deposits is an excellent predictor of the total number of deposits. The number of mineral deposits is also proportional to the type's size. The total amount of mineralized rock is also proportional to size of the permissive area and the median deposit type's size. Regressions using these variables provide a means to estimate the density of deposits and the total amount of mineralization. These powerful estimators are based on analysis of ten different types of mineral deposits ( Climax Mo, Cuban Mn, Cyprus massive sulfide, Franciscan Mn, kuroko massive sulfide, low- sulfide quartz- Au vein, placer Au, podiform Cr, porphyry Cu, andWvein) from 108 permissive control tracts around the world therefore generalizing across deposit types. Despite the diverse and complex geological settings of deposit types studied here, the relationships observed indicate universal controls on the accumulation and preservation of mineral resources that operate across all scales. The strength of the relationships ( R-2 = 0.91 for density and 0.95 for mineralized rock) argues for their broad use. Deposit densities can now be used to provide a guideline for expert judgment or used directly for estimating the number of most kinds of mineral deposits. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Singer, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, M S 901,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM singer@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1874-8961 J9 MATH GEOSCI JI Math Geosci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 40 IS 1 BP 33 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s11004-007-9127-3 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Geology; Mathematics GA 291RG UT WOS:000255213900003 ER PT B AU Davis, JA AF Davis, James A. BE Rapantova, N Hrkal, Z TI Modeling Uranium(VI) Retardation in Groundwater SO MINE WATER AND THE ENVIRONMENT, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International-Mine-Water-Association Congress on Mine Water and the Environment CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Karlovy Vary, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Int Mine Water Assoc, VSB, Tech Univ Ostrava, Charles Univ Prague, Masaryk Univ Brno, PADRE, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Int Assoc Hydrogeologists, IAHS, Int Commiss Groundwater, Czech Assoc Hydrogeologists DE Adsorption; retardation; groundwater; uranium; modeling ID VARIABLE PH; COMPLEXATION; ADSORPTION; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTS AB Remediation of groundwater contaminant plumes that result from mining activities requires a good understanding of sediment-water geochemical interactions, including processes such as precipitation and adsorption that immobilize or retard the transport of metal ions. Conceptual models for the description of retardation of metal ion transport include the constant IQ approach or a surface complexation modeling (SCM) approach. This paper describes a compromise between these two modeling approaches that is easier to apply to natural systems that more elaborate SCM applications. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Davis, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-465,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jadavis@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU VSB-TECH UNIV OSTRAVA PI OSTRAVA PA FAC ECONOMICS, SOKOLSKA TR 33, OSTRAVA, 701 21, CZECH REPUBLIC BN 978-80-248-1767-5 PY 2008 BP 263 EP 266 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BOJ44 UT WOS:000276841700064 ER PT S AU Anderson, JL Barth, AP Wooden, JL Mazdab, F AF Anderson, J. Lawford Barth, Andrew P. Wooden, Joseph L. Mazdab, Frank BE Putirka, KD Tepley, FJ TI Thermometers and Thermobarometers in Granitic Systems SO MINERALS, INCLUSIONS AND VOLCANIC PROCESSES SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry LA English DT Review CT Annual Fall American-Geophysical-Union Meeting CY DEC 13-14, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union, Mineralog Soc Amer, Dept Energy ID IN-HORNBLENDE BAROMETER; ACCESSORY MINERAL SATURATION; CALCULATED PHASE-RELATIONS; SPIRIT MOUNTAIN BATHOLITH; HIGH-PRESSURE METAPELITES; HIGH-GRADE METAPELITES; CALC-ALKALINE PLUTONS; FISH CANYON MAGMA; MG-FE OLIVINE; TI OXIDES C1 [Anderson, J. Lawford] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Barth, Andrew P.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.; Mazdab, Frank] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. RP Anderson, JL (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM anderson@usc.edu NR 118 TC 67 Z9 74 U1 5 U2 37 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 978-0-939950-83-6 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM JI Rev. Mineral. Geochem. PY 2008 VL 69 BP 121 EP 142 DI 10.2138/rmg.2008.69.4 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BIV24 UT WOS:000263064200005 ER PT S AU Zimmerman, CE Neal, CA Haeussler, PJ AF Zimmerman, Christian E. Neal, Christina A. Haeussler, Peter J. BE McLaughlin, KD TI Natural hazards, fish habitat, and fishing communities in Alaska SO MITIGATING IMPACTS OF NATURAL HAZARDS ON FISHERY ECOSYSTEMS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AFS-Sea Grant Symposium on Mitigating Impacts of Natural Hazards on Fishery Ecosystems held at the 137th AFS Annual Meeting CY SEP 05-06, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Natl Sea Grant Coll Program, NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA Fisheries, US Geol Survey, US Fish & Wildlife Serv ID ERUPTIONS AB Fish and fishing communities are iconic symbols of Alaska, Volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis also stand out as processes that define or shape the Alaska landscape. Alaska has numerous fishing ports that regularly rank in the top 10 ports for commercial landings by weight and value in the United States. In addition to commercial fisheries, subsistence fisheries and sport fishing play an important role in the economy and culture of Alaska. Alaska is home to one of the most active plat boundaries on the planet, where the Pacific Plate is subducting the North American Plate at rates greater than 5 cm/year. This process brings to Alaska earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. Active plate boundaries around the Pacific basin also make Alaska vulnerable to transoceanic tsunam is generated by earthquakes thousands of miles away. Alaska is the most seismically active state in the United States by a large margin and one of the most active areas in the world. In this paper, we examine the distribution of fishing communities and fish habitat with respect to volcanic and earthquake hazards and discuss the possible implications of these natural hazards to fisheries. Because natural hazards cannot be prevented, communities must prepare for and minimize risk associated with such events. Understanding the nature and distribution of natural hazards is the first step in preparing for future events and limiting the impacts of those events. C1 [Zimmerman, Christian E.; Neal, Christina A.; Haeussler, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Zimmerman, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4230 Univ Dr,Suite 201, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM czimmerman@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-01-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2008 VL 64 BP 375 EP 388 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BID63 UT WOS:000258728300024 ER PT J AU Young, SP Isely, JJ AF Young, Shawn P. Isely, J. Jeffery TI Evaluation of methods for attaching PIT tags and biotelemetry devices to freshwater mussels SO MOLLUSCAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Retention; Mortality; Relocation; External; Transmitter; Cyanoacrylate; Epoxy ID DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; RANGING BEHAVIOR; TELEMETRY; CRAYFISH; MOVEMENT; TRANSMITTERS; RETENTION; RESPONSES; UNIONIDAE; MOLLUSCA AB We evaluated methods to attach PIT tags and transmitters to freshwater mussels. Mussels received externally-mounted PIT tags using cyanoacrylate or underwater epoxy, and a sub-group of those with PIT tags attached using cyanoacrylate also received dummy transmitters. Tag retention and survival were 100% after a 30 day laboratory observation period for each method. During the subsequent 18 months of field observation, underwater epoxy and cyanoacrylate proved to be adequate adhesives for attaching PIT tags and transmitters. Epoxy performed best with 100% PIT tag retention. Cyanoacrylate also provided high retention rates of PIT tags and transmitters, >90%. Mortality was minimal at 4.7% for all relocated mussels over 18 months. All mortalities were those tagged with cyanoacrylate. Three of the mortalities occurred among mussels fitted with dummy transmitters, and seven among PIT tags only. Percent recapture of the different tag/adhesive combinations ranged from 48 - 77.5% during 6- and 18-month surveys. Results suggest both adhesives provide a reliable method for external attachment of tags during freshwater mussel research; however, epoxy may be better suited because of slightly higher tag retention and reduced emersion times during attachment. C1 [Young, Shawn P.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Isely, J. Jeffery] Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Young, SP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM spyoung@clemson.edu; jisely@clemson.edu NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 21 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1323-5818 J9 MOLLUSCAN RES JI Molluscan Res. PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 175 EP 178 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 400EZ UT WOS:000262852100005 ER PT J AU Jachowski, DS Millspaugh, JJ Biggins, DE Livieri, TM Matchett, MR AF Jachowski, David S. Millspaugh, Joshua J. Biggins, Dean E. Livieri, Travis M. Matchett, Marc R. TI Implications of black-tailed prairie dog spatial dynamics to black-footed ferrets SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black-footed ferrets; Conata Basin; prairie dogs; spatial distribution; UL Bend ID MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; COLONIES; DIVERSITY AB The spatial dynamics of black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies affect the utility of these environments for other wildlife, including the endangered black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes). We used location data of active and inactive black-tailed prairie dog burrows to investigate colony structure, spatial distribution, and patch dynamics of two colonies at ferret recovery sites. We used kernel-based utilization distributions (UDs) of active and inactive burrows from two time periods (six and I I years apart) as the basis for our analysis. Overall, the total extent of our prairie dog colonies changed little over time. However, within colonies, areas with high densities of active and inactive prairie dog burrows formed patches and the distribution of these patches changed in size, shape, and connectivity over time. At the Conata Basin site, high-density active burrow patches increased in total area covered while decreasing in connectivity as they shifted towards the perimeter of the colony over time. At the UL Bend site, we observed a similar but less pronounced shift over a longer period of time. At both sites, while at a large scale it appeared that prairie dogs were simply shifting areas of activity towards the perimeter of colonies and abandoning the center of colonies, we observed a dynamic interaction between areas of active and inactive burrows within colonies over time. Areas that previously contained inactive burrows tended to become active, and vice versa, leading us to hypothesize that there are shifts of activity areas within colonies over time as dictated by forage availability. The spatial dynamics we observed have important implications for techniques to estimate the suitability of ferret habitat and for the management of prairie dog colonies. First, fine-scale techniques for measuring prairie dog colonies that account for their patchy spatial distribution are needed to better assess ferret habitat suitability. Second, the shift of high-density areas of active prairie dog burrows, likely associated with changes in vegetation, suggests that through the management of vegetation we might be able to indirectly improve habitat for ferrets. Finally, we found that prairie dog distributions within a colony are a naturally dynamic process and that management strategies should consider the long-term value of both active and inactive areas within colonies. C1 [Jachowski, David S.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Millspaugh, Joshua J.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20242 USA. RP Jachowski, DS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 22 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 14 EP 25 DI 10.3375/0885-8608(2008)28[14:IOBPDS]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 252QF UT WOS:000252460500003 ER PT J AU Wieczorek, GF Stock, GM Reichenbach, P Snyder, JB Borchers, JW Godt, JW AF Wieczorek, G. F. Stock, G. M. Reichenbach, P. Snyder, J. B. Borchers, J. W. Godt, J. W. TI Investigation and hazard assessment of the 2003 and 2007 Staircase Falls rock falls, Yosemite National Park, California, USA SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SIERRA NEVADA CALIFORNIA; VALLEY AB Since 1857 more than 600 rock falls, rock slides, debris slides, and debris flows have been documented in Yosemite National Park, with rock falls in Yosemite Valley representing the majority of the events. On 26 December 2003, a rock fall originating from west of Glacier Point sent approximately 200 m(3) of rock debris down a series of joint-controlled ledges to the floor of Yosemite Valley. The debris impacted talus near the base of Staircase Falls, producing fragments of flying rock that struck occupied cabins in Curry Village. Several years later on 9 June 2007, and again on 26 July 2007, smaller rock falls originated from the same source area. The 26 December 2003 event coincided with a severe winter storm and was likely triggered by precipitation and/or frost wedging, but the 9 June and 26 July 2007 events lack recognizable triggering mechanisms. We investigated the geologic and hydrologic factors contributing to the Staircase Falls rock falls, including bedrock lithology, weathering, joint spacing and orientations, and hydrologic processes affecting slope stability. We improved upon previous geomorphic assessment of rock-fall hazards, based on a shadow angle approach, by using STONE, a three-dimensional rock-fall simulation computer program. STONE produced simulated rock-fall runout patterns similar to the mapped extent of the 2003 and 2007 events, allowing us to simulate potential future rock falls from the Staircase Falls detachment area. Observations of recent rock falls, mapping of rock debris, and simulations of rock fall runouts beneath the Staircase Falls detachment area suggest that rock-fall hazard zones extend farther downslope than the extent previously defined by mapped surface talus deposits. C1 [Stock, G. M.] Yosemite Natl Pk, Div Resources Management & Sci, El Portal, CA USA. [Wieczorek, G. F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Reichenbach, P.] CNR IRPI, I-06128 Perugia, Italy. [Snyder, J. B.] Yosemite Natl Pk, Davis, CA USA. [Borchers, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Godt, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO USA. RP Stock, GM (reprint author), Yosemite Natl Pk, Div Resources Management & Sci, El Portal, CA USA. EM greg_stock@nps.gov NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 3 BP 421 EP 432 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 321KQ UT WOS:000257304000002 ER PT J AU Myint, SW Yuan, M Cerveny, RS Giri, C AF Myint, S. W. Yuan, M. Cerveny, R. S. Giri, C. TI Categorizing natural disaster damage assessment using satellite-based geospatial techniques SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TORNADO OUTBREAK; ISSUES; EARTHQUAKE; TSUNAMI; TRACKS; OKLAHOMA; IMAGERY AB Remote sensing of a natural disaster's damage offers an exciting backup and/or alternative to traditional means of on-site damage assessment. Although necessary for complete assessment of damage areas, ground-based damage surveys conducted in the aftermath of natural hazard passage can sometimes be potentially complicated due to on-site difficulties (e. g., interaction with various authorities and emergency services) and hazards (e. g., downed power lines, gas lines, etc.), the need for rapid mobilization (particularly for remote locations), and the increasing cost of rapid physical transportation of manpower and equipment. Satellite image analysis, because of its global ubiquity, its ability for repeated independent analysis, and, as we demonstrate here, its ability to verify on-site damage assessment provides an interesting new perspective and investigative aide to researchers. Using one of the strongest tornado events in US history, the 3 May 1999 Oklahoma City Tornado, as a case example, we digitized the tornado damage path and co-registered the damage path using pre- and post-Landsat Thematic Mapper image data to perform a damage assessment. We employed several geospatial approaches, specifically the Getis index, Geary's C, and two lacunarity approaches to categorize damage characteristics according to the original Fujita tornado damage scale (F-scale). Our results indicate strong relationships between spatial indices computed within a local window and tornado F-scale damage categories identified through the ground survey. Consequently, linear regression models, even incorporating just a single band, appear effective in identifying F-scale damage categories using satellite imagery. This study demonstrates that satellite-based geospatial techniques can effectively add spatial perspectives to natural disaster damages, and in particular for this case study, tornado damages. C1 [Myint, S. W.; Cerveny, R. S.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Yuan, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Giri, C.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Contractor USGS Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Myint, SW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci, 600 E Orange St,SCOB Bldg,Rm 330, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM soe.myint@asu.edu FU National Science Foundation [BCS-0649413] FX This research has been supported by the National Science Foundation (grant # BCS-0649413). NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 707 EP 719 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 359LR UT WOS:000259988700011 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD Smith, KF Madin, EMP AF Lafferty, Kevin D. Smith, Katherine F. Madin, Elizabeth M. P. BE Sagarin, RD Taylor, T TI THE INFECTIOUSNESS OF TERRORIST IDEOLOGY Insights from Ecology and Epidemiology SO NATURAL SECURITY: A DARWINIAN APPROACH TO A DANGEROUS WORLD LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POPULATION BIOLOGY; DISEASE-CONTROL; DYNAMICS C1 [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Smith, Katherine F.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Madin, Elizabeth M. P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-93431-3 PY 2008 BP 186 EP 206 PG 21 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BXE67 UT WOS:000295881000012 ER PT J AU Parsons, T AF Parsons, Tom TI Persistent earthquake clusters and gaps from slip on irregular faults SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; STRESS; ROUGHNESS; SURFACES; SYSTEM AB Earthquake-producing fault systems like the San Andreas fault in California show self-similar structural variation(1); earthquakes cluster in space, leaving aseismic gaps between clusters. Whether gaps represent overdue earthquakes or signify diminished risk is a question with which seismic-hazard forecasters wrestle(1-5). Here I use spectral analysis of the spatial distribution of seismicity along the San Andreas fault (for earthquakes that are at least 2 in magnitude), which reveals that it obeys a power-law relationship, indicative of self-similarity in clusters across a range of spatial scales. To determine whether the observed clustering of earthquakes is the result of a heterogeneous stress distribution, I use a finite-element method to simulate the motion of two rigid blocks past each other along a model fault surface that shows three-dimensional complexity on the basis of mapped traces of the San Andreas fault. The results indicate that long-term slip on the model fault generates a temporally stable, spatially variable distribution of stress that shows the same power-law relationship as the earthquake distribution. At the highest rates of San Andreas fault slip (40 mm yr(-1)), stress patterns produced are stable over a minimum of 25,000 years before the model fault system evolves into a new configuration. These results suggest that although gaps are not immune to rupture propagation they are less likely to be nucleation sites for earthquakes. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 59 EP 63 DI 10.1038/ngeo.2007.36 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 309AX UT WOS:000256433200019 ER PT J AU McDowell, N Pockman, WT Allen, CD Breshears, DD Cobb, N Kolb, T Plaut, J Sperry, J West, A Williams, DG Yepez, EA AF McDowell, Nate Pockman, William T. Allen, Craig D. Breshears, David D. Cobb, Neil Kolb, Thomas Plaut, Jennifer Sperry, John West, Adam Williams, David G. Yepez, Enrico A. TI Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought? SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE climate; die-off; hydraulics; vegetation mortality; water relations ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS ANGIOSPERMS; UNITED-STATES FORESTS; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN NEW-MEXICO; SAP ABSCISIC-ACID; DOUGLAS-FIR TREES; PONDEROSA PINE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; WATER RELATIONS AB Severe droughts have been associated with regional-scale forest mortality worldwide. Climate change is expected to exacerbate regional mortality events; however, prediction remains difficult because the physiological mechanisms underlying drought survival and mortality are poorly understood. We developed a hydraulically based theory considering carbon balance and insect resistance that allowed development and examination of hypotheses regarding survival and mortality. Multiple mechanisms may cause mortality during drought. A common mechanism for plants with isohydric regulation of water status results from avoidance of drought-induced hydraulic failure via stomatal closure, resulting in carbon starvation and a cascade of downstream effects such as reduced resistance to biotic agents. Mortality by hydraulic failure per se may occur for isohydric seedlings or trees near their maximum height. Although anisohydric plants are relatively drought-tolerant, they are predisposed to hydraulic failure because they operate with narrower hydraulic safety margins during drought. Elevated temperatures should exacerbate carbon starvation and hydraulic failure. Biotic agents may amplify and be amplified by drought-induced plant stress. Wet multidecadal climate oscillations may increase plant susceptibility to drought-induced mortality by stimulating shifts in hydraulic architecture, effectively predisposing plants to water stress. Climate warming and increased frequency of extreme events will probably cause increased regional mortality episodes. Isohydric and anisohydric water potential regulation may partition species between survival and mortality, and, as such, incorporating this hydraulic framework may be effective for modeling plant survival and mortality under future climate conditions. C1 [McDowell, Nate] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pockman, William T.; Plaut, Jennifer] 1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Inst Study Planet Earth, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cobb, Neil] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Kolb, Thomas] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Plaut, Jennifer] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [West, Adam] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [West, Adam] Univ Cape Town, Dept Bot, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Williams, David G.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Yepez, Enrico A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP McDowell, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mcdowell@lanl.gov RI West, Adam/E-8740-2010; Williams, David/A-6407-2014; Yepez, Enrico/C-2802-2014; Pockman, William/D-4086-2014; Breshears, David/B-9318-2009; Yepez, Enrico/C-6901-2008 OI West, Adam/0000-0002-9352-9282; Williams, David/0000-0003-3627-5260; Pockman, William/0000-0002-3286-0457; Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058; Yepez, Enrico/0000-0003-4746-573X NR 252 TC 1013 Z9 1052 U1 98 U2 818 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2008 VL 178 IS 4 BP 719 EP 739 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02436.x PG 21 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 298YF UT WOS:000255722300005 PM 18422905 ER PT J AU Burkart, MR Stoner, JD AF Burkart, M. R. Stoner, J. D. BE Hatfield, JL Follett, RF TI Nitrogen in Groundwater Associated with Agricultural Systems SO NITROGEN IN THE ENVIRONMENT: SOURCES, PROBLEMS, AND MANAGEMENT, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGH NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS; MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; LAND-USE; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS CCL3F; NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE; HYDROLOGIC TRACERS; GEOLOGIC NITROGEN; WATER-QUALITY; DATING TOOLS C1 [Burkart, M. R.] Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50014 USA. [Stoner, J. D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Nutr Synth Off, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Burkart, MR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Room 352, Ames, IA 50014 USA. NR 89 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-056989-5 PY 2008 BP 177 EP 202 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374347-3.00007-X PG 26 WC Microbiology; Soil Science SC Microbiology; Agriculture GA BFN15 UT WOS:000320592600007 ER PT J AU Sauer, TJ Alexander, RB Brahana, JV Smith, RA AF Sauer, T. J. Alexander, R. B. Brahana, J. V. Smith, R. A. BE Hatfield, JL Follett, RF TI The Importance and Role of Watersheds in the Transport of Nitrogen SO NITROGEN IN THE ENVIRONMENT: SOURCES, PROBLEMS, AND MANAGEMENT, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COASTAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; VARIABLE SOURCE AREAS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SILT LOAM SOIL; LAND-USE; FRESH-WATER; UNITED-STATES; NUTRIENT LOSSES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS C1 [Sauer, T. J.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Alexander, R. B.; Smith, R. A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Brahana, J. V.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Sauer, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 135 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-056989-5 PY 2008 BP 203 EP 240 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374347-3.00008-1 PG 38 WC Microbiology; Soil Science SC Microbiology; Agriculture GA BFN15 UT WOS:000320592600008 ER PT J AU Kindschi, GA Toner, M Fraser, WC Routledge, MD Wilson, M Converse, Y AF Kindschi, Greg A. Toner, Matt Fraser, William C. Routledge, M. Doug Wilson, Maureen Converse, Yvette TI Evaluation of thermal requirements for the propagation and recovery of June suckers SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID FISHES; TEMPERATURE; TOLERANCE; SURVIVAL AB Determining the optimal rearing temperature for the June sucker Chasmnistes liorus has been identified as a key component necessary for the design of a new June sucker hatchery and for achieving the June Sucker Recovery Implementation Program supplementation goal of 350,000 fish of 20-cm length annually. A laboratory study was conducted to monitor the performance of June suckers reared at average temperatures of 8.3, 10.1, 12.3, 14.0, 16.1, 18.5, 20.5, 21.8, 23.9, 25.9, 27.9, and 29.7 degrees C for 16 weeks. In this study, quadratic regression analysis was used to determine maximum condition factor and weight gain, respectively, and 22.5 degrees C and 21.9 degrees C were identified as the maximum water temperatures. According to this same regression analysis, the maximum feed efficiency and total length increase occurred at 21.6 degrees C and 23.7 degrees C, respectively, during the 16-week study. The modified acclimated chronic exposure water temperature (50% survival for 60 d) was greater than 27.9 degrees C. Spinal and fin deformities increased during this study in all treatments, and these malformations appear to be diet related. There was no temperature effect on deformities, but temperature did affect overall survival. C1 [Kindschi, Greg A.; Toner, Matt; Fraser, William C.; Converse, Yvette] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Routledge, M. Doug] Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Fisherier Expt Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Wilson, Maureen] Utah Reclamat Mitigat & Conserat Comm, Salt Lake City, UT 84101 USA. RP Kindschi, GA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, 4050 Bridge Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM gandckindschi@msn.com NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 70 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1577/A06-051.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 258KT UT WOS:000252867500001 ER PT J AU Bowker, JD Carty, DG Bowman, MP AF Bowker, James D. Carty, Daniel G. Bowman, Molly P. TI Inexpensive apparatus to rapidly collect water samples from a linear-design, plug-flow hatchery raceway SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL GILL DISEASE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; EFFICACY; SALMONIDS AB In July 2001, we conducted a study to determine whether a target concentration of chloramine-T (a waterborne chemical) could be achieved and maintained for 60 min in linear-design, plug-flow hatchery raceways (devoid of fish) via a "charged" flow-through treatment methodology. In each of four independent trials, a raceway was charged to achieve the target concentration by turning off the inflow water (creating a static bath) and manually mixing in a premeasured volume of chloramine-T stock solution. Water inflow was then turned on, and the target concentration was maintained by metering additional chloramine-T stock solution into the inflow water via a calibrated chicken-watering system. To help verify chloramine-T concentrations during treatment, we built an apparatus to rapidly collect many water samples from throughout a raceway. The apparatus comprised three fixed sampling stations, each of which was equipped with 9 water collection devices (i.e., nine 60-mL plastic syringes fitted with fixed-length "suction needles" made of rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe threaded with flexible vinyl tubing) and 9-11 plastic bottles for storing the collected samples. During each of the four 60-min trials, water samples were collected at elapsed times of 0, 30, and 60 min; thus, 12 sampling events were conducted during the study. During each sampling event, three people (working simultaneously but independently) collected a total of 29 water samples (27 for chloramine-T dose verification and 2 for quality control). The time for one person to collect 9-11 water samples (50-60 mL per sample) from one sampling station averaged 1.5 min (SD = 0.382; n = 36) and ranged from 0.9 to 2.5 min. The apparatus was inexpensive, easy to build and use, and portable; it ultimately helped us verify the spatial and temporal distribution of chloramine-T in linear-design, plug-flow hatchery raceways during 60-min charged flow-through treatments. C1 [Bowker, James D.; Carty, Daniel G.; Bowman, Molly P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Bowker, JD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, 4050 Bridger Canyor Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM jim_bowker@fws.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 70 IS 1 BP 8 EP 11 DI 10.1577/A06-060.1 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 258KT UT WOS:000252867500002 ER PT J AU Bowker, JD Carty, DG Telles, L David, B Oviedo, D AF Bowker, James D. Carty, Daniel G. Telles, Larry David, Bob Oviedo, David TI Efficacy of chloramine-T to control mortality in freshwater-reared salmonids diagnosed with bacterial gill disease SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article AB Bacterial gill disease (BGD), caused by Flavobacterium branchiophilum and other species of yellow-pigmented, filamentous bacteria, is a common and potentially catastrophic disease of hatchery (freshwater)-reared fish. Chloramine-T (Chl-T) is a biocide proven effective for controlling mortality in freshwater-reared fish diagnosed with BGD. However, Chl-T is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for such use. To generate data in support of a U.S. approval, we evaluated the effectiveness of Chl-T (administered at 12 mg/L of static bath water for 60 min/d on three alternate days) to control mortality caused by BGD in freshwater-reared chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta, Apache trout O. gilae apache, and rainbow trout O. mykiss. For each species, the mean percent total mortality in Chl-T-treated tanks (N = 3) was significantly less than that in control tanks (N = 3): chum salmon = 8.9% versus 99.7%, Apache trout = 39.2% versus 97.9%, and rainbow trout = 5.7% versus 25.8%. Because the Chl-T treatment regimen was efficacious for each species, we conclude that our findings support the approval of Chl-T for use in the USA to control mortality in freshwater-reared salmonids diagnosed with BGD. C1 [Bowker, James D.; Carty, Daniel G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Telles, Larry] Quilcene Natl Fish Hatchery, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Quilcene, WA 98376 USA. [David, Bob] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alchesay Williams Creek Natl Fish Hatchery Comple, Pinetop, AZ USA. [Oviedo, David] Hotchkiss Natl Fish Hatchery, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hotchkiss, CO 81419 USA. RP Bowker, JD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM jim_bowker@fws.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 70 IS 1 BP 20 EP 26 DI 10.1577/A06-042.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 258KT UT WOS:000252867500004 ER PT J AU Robbins, LW Murray, KL McKenzie, PM AF Robbins, Lynn W. Murray, Kevin L. McKenzie, Paul M. TI Evaluating the effectiveness of the standard mist-netting protocol for the endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID TIME-EXPANDED RECORDINGS; ACOUSTIC IDENTIFICATION; ECHOLOCATION CALLS; ROOSTING SITES; CHIROPTERA; FOREST; MISSOURI; NETS AB Standardized mist-netting protocols set guidelines regarding the best way to sample a bat species or community. We evaluated the current mist-netting guidelines designed to determine presence or absence of endangered, Myotis sodalis (Indiana bat). This test was conducted in Deer Ridge Conservation Area (Lewis County, northeastern Missouri), an area known to have an abundance of Indiana bats, including several primary maternity colonies. We mist-netted according to recommended guidelines for Indiana bats for two consecutive nights at three different times during the reproductive season. Anabat II detectors were used in conjunction with mist nets to sample bat activity at the same locations. Captures and detections of Indiana bats and other species of bats varied substantially among the sampling periods. In addition, there was a significant decrease in number of Indiana bats captured with mist nets from night one to night two, although activity levels remained the same. Finally, our data show that augmenting mist nets with ultrasonic detectors can enhance the probability of determining the presence or absence of Indiana bats. C1 [Robbins, Lynn W.; Murray, Kevin L.] SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. [McKenzie, Paul M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Robbins, LW (reprint author), SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. EM lynnrobbins@missouristate.edu NR 27 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 24 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2008 VL 15 IS 2 BP 275 EP 282 DI 10.1656/1092-6194(2008)15[275:ETEOTS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 317VI UT WOS:000257047900010 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH AF Johnson, James H. TI Seasonal habitat use of brook trout and juvenile Atlantic Salmon in a tributary of Lake Ontario SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROWN TROUT; MICROHABITAT USE; SMALL RIVER; NEW-YORK; SALAR; SELECTION; SUMMER; STREAMS AB The seasonal habitat use of Salvelinus fontinalis (Brook Trout) and sub-yearling Salmo salar (Atlantic Salmon) was examined in Hart Brook, a tributary of Lake Ontario. Fish habitat use and available habitat were examined during summer and autumn. Interspecific differences in habitat use occurred as well as intraspecific seasonal differences. Overyearling Brook Trout were more selective in their habitat preferences than subyearling Brook Trout or Juvenile Atlantic Salmon. Depth and the amount of cover were significantly different among the three fish groups. Salmon occupied faster and shallower water than either age group of trout. Atlantic Salmon were also associated with larger-sized substrate materials than either trout age group, and salmon occurred in habitats with less cover than trout. Overyearling Brook Trout occupied deeper water with more cover than subyearling trout. All three salmonid groups occupied areas with more cover in autumn compared to summer. In autumn, subyearling Brook Trout used deeper areas than they had in the summer. In Hart Brook, the habitat of subyearling Atlantic Salmon can be generally characterized as riffles, the habitat of overyearling Brook Trout was deep pools with extensive cover (35%), and that of subyearling trout was any area with moderate flow and at least 20% cover. As efforts proceed to reintroduce Atlantic Salmon in Lake Ontario, further research is needed to ensure the conservation of Brook Trout populations. C1 US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 15 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2008 VL 15 IS 3 BP 363 EP 374 DI 10.1656/1092-6194-15.3.363 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 357LX UT WOS:000259848400004 ER PT J AU Duda, JJ Freilich, JE Schreiner, EG AF Duda, Jeffrey J. Freilich, Jerry E. Schreiner, Edward G. TI Baseline studies in the Elwha River ecosystem prior to dam removal: Introduction to the special issue SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ECOLOGICAL RESPONSES; OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS; STREAM; DOWNSTREAM; DYNAMICS; PENNSYLVANIA; RESTORATION; WASHINGTON; VEGETATION; WISCONSIN AB The planned removal of two dams that have been in place for over 95 years on the Elwha River provides a unique opportunity to study dam removal effects. Among the largest dams ever considered for removal, this project is compelling because 83% of the watershed lies undisturbed in Olympic National Park. Eighteen million cubic meters of sediment have accumulated in and will be released from the reservoirs, and there is potential for rehabilitating depressed Pacific salmon runs. Researchers from academia, non-profit organizations, federal and state governments, and the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe are currently assessing baseline ecological conditions of the Elwha River as part of dam removal studies. We introduce dam removal topics, provide a brief history of the dams, and summarize the ecology of the Elwha River basin as an introduction to a special issue devoted to research in the watershed. C1 [Duda, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Freilich, Jerry E.] Natl Pk Serv, Port Angeles, WA 98036 USA. [Schreiner, Edward G.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Sci Ctr, Olymp Field Stn, Port Angeles, WA 98036 USA. RP Duda, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jeff_duda@usgs.gov RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 NR 69 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 6 U2 63 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 2008 VL 82 SI SI BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314EH UT WOS:000256791700002 ER PT J AU Woodward, A Schreiner, EG Crain, P Brenkman, SJ Happe, PJ Acker, SA Hawkins-Hoffman, C AF Woodward, Andrea Schreiner, Edward G. Crain, Patrick Brenkman, Samuel J. Happe, Patricia J. Acker, Steven A. Hawkins-Hoffman, Catherine TI Conceptual models for research and monitoring of Elwha dam removal - Management perspective SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EMERGING SCIENCE; DECISION-MAKING; RESTORATION; ECOSYSTEMS; HABITAT; LESSONS; FISH AB Removal of two dams > 30 m from the Elwha River, on Washington State's Olympic Peninsula, can provide an unprecedented opportunity to study the geomorphic and biologic consequences of this activity. Resulting information can inform management decisions regarding Elwha resources, as well as future dam removal projects. Research and monitoring priorities for each river section (above, between, and below the dams) and nearshore depend on the location-specific effects of the dams, planned active restoration efforts, and conceptions of Elwha ecosystem dynamics. Several river section- or discipline-specific workshops were held 2001 to 2005 to describe impacts to the Elwha River, potential responses to dam removal and priorities for research and monitoring. We present conceptual models based on summaries of these workshops to provide a framework to integrate and relate studies that are currently planned or are underway. We identify the need for an organizational framework-including conceptual models, study designs, data management and integrated sample designs - for research and monitoring that will increase understanding of ecosystem response, and engender additional financial support. C1 [Woodward, Andrea; Schreiner, Edward G.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Olymp Field Stn, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Crain, Patrick; Brenkman, Samuel J.; Happe, Patricia J.; Acker, Steven A.; Hawkins-Hoffman, Catherine] Natl Pk Serv, Olymp Natl Pk, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. RP Woodward, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Olymp Field Stn, 600 E Pk Ave, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. EM Andrea_Woodward@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 18 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 2008 VL 82 SI SI BP 59 EP 71 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314EH UT WOS:000256791700006 ER PT J AU Brenkman, SJ Pess, GR Torgersen, CE Kloehn, KK Duda, JJ Corbett, SC AF Brenkman, Samuel J. Pess, George R. Torgersen, Christian E. Kloehn, Kristoter K. Duda, Jeffrey J. Corbett, Stephen C. TI Predicting recolonization patterns and interactions between potamodromous and anadromous salmonids in response to dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington state, USA SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STEELHEAD ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BULL TROUT; BROOK TROUT; COHO SALMON; MIGRATORY PATTERNS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; COMPETITION; STREAMS; LAKE AB The restoration of salmonids in the Elwha River following dam removal will cause interactions between anadromous and potamodromous forms as recolonization occurs in upstream and downstream directions. Anadromous salmonids are expected to recolonize historic habitats, and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) isolated above the dams for 90 years are expected to reestablish anadromy. We summarized the distribution and abundance of potamodromous salmonids, determined locations of spawning areas, and mapped natural barriers to fish migration at the watershed scale based on data collected from 1993 to 2006. Rainbow trout were far more abundant than bull trout throughout the watershed and both species were distributed up to river km 71. Spawning locations for bull trout and rainbow trout occurred in areas where we anticipate returning anadromous fish to spawn. Normative brook trout were confined to areas between and below the dams, and seasonal velocity barriers are expected to prevent their upstream movements. We hypothesize that the extent of interaction between potamodromous and anadromous salmonids will vary spatially due to natural barriers that will limit upstream-directed recolonization for some species of salmonids. Consequently, most competitive interactions will occur in the main stem and floodplain downstream of river km 25 and in larger tributaries. Understanding future responses of Pacific salmonids after dam removal in the Elwha River depends upon an understanding of existing conditions of the salmonid community upstream of the dams prior to dam removal. C1 [Brenkman, Samuel J.] Natl Pk Serv, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Pess, George R.; Kloehn, Kristoter K.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Torgersen, Christian E.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Cascadia Field Stn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Corbett, Stephen C.] Natl Pk Serv, Olymp Natl Pk, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. RP Brenkman, SJ (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Olympic Natl Pk,600 E Pk Ave, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. EM sam_brenkman@nps.gov RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 41 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 2008 VL 82 SI SI BP 91 EP 106 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314EH UT WOS:000256791700008 ER PT J AU Connolly, PJ Brenkman, SJ AF Connolly, Patrick J. Brenkman, Samuel J. TI Fish assemblage, density, and growth in lateral habitats within natural and regulated sections of Washington's Elwha River prior to dam removal SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUMMER HABITAT; TROUT; RESTORATION; STREAMS AB We characterized seasonal fish assemblage, relative density, and growth in river margins above and between two Elwha River dams scheduled for removal. Fish assemblage and relative density differed in the lateral habitats of the middle-regulated and upper-unregulated sections of the Elwha River. Rainbow trout was the numerically dominant salmonid in both sections, with bull trout present in low numbers. Sculpin were common in the middle section, but not detected in the upper section. In 2004, mean length and biomass of age-0 rainbow trout were significantly smaller in the middle section than in the upper section by the end of the growing season (September). In 2005, an earlier emergence of rainbow trout in the middle section (July) compared to the upper section (August) corresponded with warmer water temperatures in the middle section. Despite lower growth, the margins of mainstem units in the middle section supported higher mean areal densities and biomass of age-0 rainbow trout than the upper section. These results suggest that growth performance of age-0 rainbow trout was lower in the middle section than in the upper section, which could have been a density-dependent response, or a result of poor food production in the sediment-starved regulated section, or both. Based on our findings, we believe that seasonal sampling of river margins within reference reaches is a cost effective and repeatable method for detection of biologically important short- and long-term changes in emergence timing, density, and growth of rainbow trout before and after dam removals in the Elwha River. C1 [Connolly, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Brenkman, Samuel J.] Natl Pk Serv, Olymp Natl Pk, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. RP Connolly, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM pconnolly@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 16 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 2008 VL 82 SI SI BP 107 EP 118 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314EH UT WOS:000256791700009 ER PT J AU Brenkman, SJ Mumford, SL House, M Patterson, C AF Brenkman, Samuel J. Mumford, Sonia L. House, Marcia Patterson, Chris TI Establishing baseline information on the geographic distribution of fish pathogens endemic in Pacific salmonids prior to dam removal and subsequent recolonization by anadromous fish in the Elwha River, Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS; CAUSATIVE AGENT; RAINBOW-TROUT; INFECTION; VIRULENCE; IMPACTS AB After the removal of two dams, wild, natural, and hatchery produced fish are expected to recolonize historic habitats in the Elwha River. Fish populations previously isolated by the dams will interact, and potentially transmit pathogens. Geomorphic changes caused by dam removal could disrupt the balance between host and pathogen, resulting in pathogen transmission and amplification, potentially leading to disease. We reviewed historic stocking records and conducted an initial survey to better understand the distribution of salmonid pathogens in the Elwha River before dam removal. Review of hatchery plantings revealed that seven salmonid species were released throughout the Elwha River Basin since 1914. Approximately 61 million Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and 40 million chum salmon (O. keta), coho salmon (O. kisutch), and steelhead trout (O. mykiss) were released below Elwha Dam from various stock origins. Additionally, 19 million salmonids were planted above Elwha Dam beginning in 1930. From 2003 to 2006, five salmonid species from the lower, middle, and upper Elwha River and tributaries were tested for bacteria (n=684), viruses (n=943), and were screened for Myxobolus cerebralis (n=740). Renibacterium salmoninarum was the only target pathogen found, and was detected in five salmonid species in each segment of the river. In Elwha hatcheries, erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome, R. salmoninarum, and Flavobacterium psychrophilum were most commonly detected. Information from baseline surveys in the Elwha River highlight the benefit of including fish pathogen distribution as an important factor in risk assessment for future dam removals. C1 [Brenkman, Samuel J.] Natl Pk Serv, Olympic Natl Pk, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Mumford, Sonia L.; Patterson, Chris] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Olympia Fish Hlth Ctr, Olympia, WA 98506 USA. [House, Marcia] NW Indian Fisheries Commiss, Olympia, WA 98516 USA. RP Brenkman, SJ (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Olympic Natl Pk, 600 E Pk Ave, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. EM sam_brenkman@nps.gov NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 24 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 2008 VL 82 SI SI BP 142 EP 152 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314EH UT WOS:000256791700012 ER PT J AU Warrick, JA Cochrane, GR Sagy, Y Gelfenbaum, G AF Warrick, Jonathan A. Cochrane, Guy R. Sagy, Yael Gelfenbaum, Guy TI Nearshore substrate and morphology offshore of the Elwha River, Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID JUAN-DE-FUCA; STRAIT AB The planned removal of two dams on the Elwha River, Washington, will likely increase river sediment flux to the coast, which may alter coastal habitats through sedimentation and turbidity. It is therefore important to characterize the current habitat conditions near the river mouth, so that future changes can be identified. Here we provide combined sonar and video mapping results of approximately 20 km(2) of seafloor offshore of the Elwha River collected with the purpose to characterize nearshore substrate type and distribution prior to dam removal. These combined data suggest that the nearshore of the western delta and Freshwater Bay are dominated by coarse sediment (sand, gravel, cobble, and boulders) and bedrock outcrops; no fine-grained sediment (mud or silt) was identified within the survey limits. The substrate is generally coarser in Freshwater Bay and on the western flank of the delta, where boulders and bedrock outcrops occur, than directly offshore and east of the river mouth. High variation in substrate was observed within much of the study area, however, and distinct boulder fields, gravel beds and sand waves were observed with spatial scales of 10-100 m. Gravel beds and sand waves suggest that sediment transport is active in the study area, presumably in response to tidal currents and waves. Both historic (1912) and recent (1989-2004) distributions of Bull Kelp (Nereocystis sp.) beds were preferentially located along the boulder and bedrock substrates of Freshwater Bay. Although kelp has also been mapped in areas dominated by gravel and sand substrate, it typically has smaller canopy areas and lower temporal persistence in these regions. C1 [Warrick, Jonathan A.; Cochrane, Guy R.; Sagy, Yael] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Gelfenbaum, Guy] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Warrick, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jwarrick@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 2008 VL 82 SI SI BP 153 EP 163 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314EH UT WOS:000256791700013 ER PT J AU Sager-Fradkin, KA Jenkins, KJ Happe, PJ Beecham, JJ Wright, RG Hoffman, RA AF Sager-Fradkin, Kimberly A. Jenkins, Kurt J. Happe, Patricia J. Beecham, John J. Wright, R. Gerald Hoffman, Roger A. TI Space and habitat use by black bears in the Elwha Valley prior to dam removal SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BROWN BEARS; HOME-RANGE; URSUS-AMERICANUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS; RESOURCE SELECTION; FOOD-HABITS; BODY-SIZE; SALMON; WASHINGTON AB Dam removal and subsequent restoration of salmon to the Elwha River is expected to cause a shift in nutrient dynamics within the watershed. To document how this influx of nutrients and energy may affect black bear (Ursus americanus) ecology, we used radio-telemetry to record movements of 11 male and two female black bears in the Elwha Valley from 2002-06. Our objective was to collect baseline data on bear movements prior to dam removal. We calculated annual home ranges, described seasonal timing of den entry and emergence, and described seasonal patterns of distribution and habitat use. Adaptive kernel home ranges were larger for males (mean = 151.1 km(2), SE = 21.4) than females (mean = 38.8 km(2), SE = 13.0). Males ranged widely and frequently left the watershed during late summer. Further, they exhibited predictable and synchronous patterns of elevation change throughout each year. Bears entered their winter dens between 8 October and 15 December and emerged from dens between 10 March and 9 May. Male bears used low-elevation conifer and hardwood forests along the Elwha floodplain during spring, mid- to high-elevation forests and meadows during early summer, high-elevation forests, meadows and shrubs during late summer, and mid-elevation forests, shrubs and meadows during fall. Data acquired during this study provide important baseline information for comparison after dam removal, when bears may alter their late summer and fall movement and denning patterns to take advantage of energy-rich spawning salmon. C1 [Sager-Fradkin, Kimberly A.; Jenkins, Kurt J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Olymp Field Stn, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Happe, Patricia J.; Hoffman, Roger A.] Natl Pk Serv, Olymp Natl Pk, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Wright, R. Gerald] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Sager-Fradkin, KA (reprint author), Lower Elwha Kiallarn Tribe, 51 Hatchery Rd, Port Angeles, WA 98363 USA. EM kim.sager@elwha.nsn.us NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 2008 VL 82 SI SI BP 164 EP 178 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314EH UT WOS:000256791700014 ER PT J AU Morley, SA Duda, JJ Coe, HJ Kloehn, KK McHenry, ML AF Morley, Sarah A. Duda, Jeffrey J. Coe, Holly J. Kloehn, Kristopher K. McHenry, Michael L. TI Benthic invertebrates and periphyton in the Elwha River basin: Current conditions and predicted response to dam removal SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLEN CANYON DAM; LOW-HEAD DAM; EXPERIMENTAL FLOODS; COLORADO RIVER; LONG-TERM; FOOD WEBS; STREAM; DOWNSTREAM; ECOSYSTEMS; MACROINVERTEBRATES AB The impending removal of two dams on the Elwha River in Washington State offers a unique opportunity to study ecosystem restoration at a watershed scale. We examine how periphyton and benthic invertebrate assemblages vary across regulated and unregulated sections of the Elwha River and across different habitat types, and establish baseline data for tracking future changes following dam removal. We collected multiple years of data on physical habitat, water chemistry, periphyton, and benthic invertebrates from 52 sites on the Elwha River and a reference section on the Quinault River, a neighboring basin. We found that substrate in regulated river sections was coarser and less heterogeneous in size than in unregulated sections, and summer water temperature and specific conductivity higher. Periphyton biomass was also consistently higher in regulated than unregulated sections. Benthic invertebrate assemblage structure at sites above both dams was distinct from sites between and below the dams, due in large part to dominance of mayfly taxa compared to higher relative abundance of midges and non-insect taxa at downstream sites. Following dam removal, we anticipate that both periphyton and benthic invertebrate abundance and diversity will temporarily decrease between and below dams as a result of sediment released from behind the reservoirs. Over the long-term, increased floodplain heterogeneity and recolonization by anadromous fish will alter benthic invertebrate and periphyton assemblages via increases in niche diversity and inputs of marine-derived nutrients. The extended timeline predicted for Elwha River recovery and the complexities of forecasting ecological response highlights the need for more long-term assessments of dam removal and river restoration practices. C1 [Morley, Sarah A.; Coe, Holly J.; Kloehn, Kristopher K.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [McHenry, Michael L.] Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Dept Fisheries, Port Angeles, WA 98363 USA. RP Morley, SA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 NR 80 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 43 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 2008 VL 82 SI SI BP 179 EP 196 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314EH UT WOS:000256791700015 ER PT J AU Acker, SA Beechie, TJ Shafroth, PB AF Acker, Steven A. Beechie, Timothy J. Shafroth, Patrick B. TI Effects of a natural dam-break flood on geomorphology and vegetation on the Elwha River, Washington, USA SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUEETS RIVER; FOREST DEVELOPMENT; OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS; RIPARIAN; LANDSCAPE; DYNAMICS; LOWLAND; VALLEY; TREES; WOOD AB Ephemeral dams caused by landslides have been observed around the world, yet little is known about the effects of their failure on landforms and vegetation. In 1967, a landslide-dam-break flood in a pristine reach of the Elwha River valley filled the former channel and diverted the river. The reach is a reference site for restoration following the planned removal of dams on the river. We identified five surfaces on the 25 ha debris fan deposited by the flood. Based on tree ages and historic air photos, three of the surfaces formed in 1967, while two formed later. The surfaces varied in substrate (silt and sand, to boulders), and height above the river channel. Tree mortality resulted from tree removal and burial by sediment, the latter leaving snags and some surviving trees. Tree species composition was generally consistent within each surface. Dominant species included red alder (Alnus rubra) and Sitka willow (Salix sitchensis), alone or in combination, a combination of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and black cottonwood (Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa), or a combination of alder and cottonwood. There were significant differences between surfaces in stem density, basal area, and rate of basal area growth. The large degree of heterogeneity in forest structure, composition, and productivity within a relatively small floodplain feature is in part due to spatial variability in the intensity of a single disturbance event, and in part due to the occurrence of subsequent, smaller events. To recreate natural diversity of riparian forests may require mimicking the variety of physical and biotic habitats that a single, complex disturbance event may create. C1 [Beechie, Timothy J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Acker, SA (reprint author), Olymp Natl Pk,600 E Pk Ave, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. EM steve_acker@nps.gov NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 29 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 2008 VL 82 SI SI BP 210 EP 223 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314EH UT WOS:000256791700017 ER PT J AU Kloehn, KK Beechie, TJ Morley, SA Coe, HJ Duda, JJ AF Kloehn, Kristofer K. Beechie, Timothy J. Morley, Sarah A. Coe, Holly J. Duda, Jeffrey J. TI Influence of dams on river-floodplain dynamics in the Elwha River, Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CHANNEL PATTERN; DOWNSTREAM AB The Elwha dam removal project presents an ideal opportunity to study how historic reduction and subsequent restoration of sediment supply alter river-floodplain dynamics in a large, forested river floodplain. We used remote sensing and onsite data collection to establish a historical record of floodplain dynamics and a baseline of current conditions. Analysis was based on four river reaches, three from the Elwha River and the fourth from the East Fork of the Quinault River. We found that the percentage of floodplain surfaces between 25 and 75 years old decreased and the percentage of surfaces > 75 years increased in reaches below the Elwha dams. We also found that particle size decreased as downstream distance from dams increased. This trend was evident in both mainstem and side channels. Previous studies have found that removal of the two Elwha dams will initially release fine sediment stored in the reservoirs, then in subsequent decades gravel bed load supply will increase and gradually return to natural levels, aggrading river beds up to I m in some areas. We predict the release of fine sediments will initially create bi-modal grain size distributions in reaches downstream of the dams, and eventual recovery of natural sediment supply will significantly increase lateral channel migration and erosion of floodplain surfaces, gradually shifting floodplain age distributions towards younger age classes. C1 [Kloehn, Kristofer K.; Beechie, Timothy J.; Morley, Sarah A.; Coe, Holly J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kloehn, KK (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM kloehnk@uvic.ca RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 36 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 2008 VL 82 SI SI BP 224 EP 235 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314EH UT WOS:000256791700018 ER PT J AU Kendall, MS Eschelbach, KA McFall, G Sullivan, J Bauer, L AF Kendall, Matthew S. Eschelbach, Katherine A. McFall, Gregory Sullivan, James Bauer, Laurie TI MPA design using sliding windows: Case study designating a research area SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; RESERVE; NETWORKS; ASSEMBLAGES; ALGORITHMS; STRATEGIES; DIVERSITY; HABITATS; MULTIPLE; FEATURES AB Coastal managers presently rely on a limited set of decision support tools for designing marine protected areas (MPAs) or subzones. A new approach, defining potential sizes and shapes of MPA boundaries early in the design process, is presented in a case study. A sliding window of the same dimensions as potential boundary configurations was regularly shifted throughout the study area and used to quantify variables representing preferred biophysical and socioeconomic characteristics. The technique offers advantages in spatially restricted areas, areas where habitat connectivity is critical, and situations wherein providing stakeholders with an up-front understanding of potential boundaries is required. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kendall, Matthew S.; Bauer, Laurie] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, CCMA,Biogeog Team, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Eschelbach, Katherine A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. [McFall, Gregory] NOAA, Grays Reef Natl Marine Sanctuary, Savannah, GA USA. [Sullivan, James] NOAA, Natl Marine Sanctuary Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kendall, MS (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, CCMA,Biogeog Team, 1305 East West Highway,SSMC4,N SCI 1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM matt.kendall@noaa.gov; kate_eschelbach@fws.gov; greg.mcfall@noaa.gov; jim.sullivan@noaa.gov; laurie.bauer@noaa.gov RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 39 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PY 2008 VL 51 IS 12 BP 815 EP 825 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2008.09.004 PG 11 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA 385NX UT WOS:000261822000006 ER PT J AU Behar, F Lorant, F Lewan, M AF Behar, Francoise Lorant, Francois Lewan, Michael TI Role of NSO compounds during primary cracking of a Type II kerogen and a Type III lignite SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROUS-PYROLYSIS EXPERIMENTS; RIVER PETROLEUM SYSTEM; ARTIFICIAL MATURATION; EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATION; HYDROCARBON GENERATION; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; KINETIC-PARAMETERS; THERMAL-CRACKING; CONFINED SYSTEM; OIL-GENERATION AB The aim of this work is to follow the generation of NSO compounds during the artificial maturation of an immature Type II kerogen and a Type III lignite in order to determine the different sources of the petroleum potential during primary cracking. Experiments were carried out in closed system pyrolysis in the temperature range from 225 to 350 degrees C. Two types of NSOs were recovered: one is soluble in n-pentane and the second in dichloromethane. A kinetic scheme was optimised including both kerogen and NSO cracking. It was validated by complementary experiments carried out on isolated asphaltenes generated from the Type II kerogen and on the total n-pentane and DCM extracts generated from the Type Ill lignite. Results show that kerogen and lignite first decompose into DCM NSOs with minor generation of hydrocarbons. Then, the main source of petroleum potential originates from secondary cracking of both DCM and n-pentane NSOs through successive decomposition reactions. These results confirm the model proposed by Tissot [Tissot, B., 1969. Premieres donnees sur les mecanismes et la cinetique de la formation du petrole dans les bassins sedimentaires. Simulation d'un schema reactionnel sur ordinateur. Oil and Gas Science and Technology 24, 470-501] in which the main source of hydrocarbons is not the insoluble organic matter, but the NSO fraction. As secondary cracking of the NSOs largely overlaps that of the kerogen, it was demonstrated that bulk kinetics in open system is a result of both kerogen and NSO cracking. Thus, another kinetic scheme for primary cracking in open system was built as a combination of kerogen and NSO cracking. This new kinetic scheme accounts for both the rate and amounts of hydrocarbons generated in a closed pyrolysis system. Thus, the concept of successive steps for hydrocarbon generation is valid for the two types of pyrolysis system and, for the first time, a common kinetic scheme is available for extrapolating results to natural case studies. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Behar, Francoise; Lorant, Francois; Lewan, Michael] Inst Francais Petr, Dept Geochem, F-92852 Rueil Malmaison, France. [Lewan, Michael] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Behar, F (reprint author), Inst Francais Petr, Dept Geochem, 1-4 Ave Bois Preau, F-92852 Rueil Malmaison, France. EM francoise.behar@ifp.fr RI 3G, Direction Geologie/C-1699-2013; IFPEN, Publications/A-8028-2008 NR 49 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2008 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.10.007 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 268WV UT WOS:000253611700001 ER PT J AU Zhang, TW Ellis, GS Walters, CC Kelemen, SR Wang, KS Tang, YC AF Zhang, Tongwei Ellis, Geoffrey S. Walters, Clifford C. Kelemen, Simon R. Wang, Kang-shi Tang, Yongchun TI Geochemical signatures of thermochemical sulfate reduction in controlled hydrous pyrolysis experiments SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBONATE GAS-RESERVOIRS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS; THERMAL-CRACKING; SULFUR; HYDROCARBONS; CHEMISTRY; CANADA; BASIN; PRESSURES AB A series of gold tube hydrous pyrolysis experiments was conducted in order to investigate the effect of thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) on gas generation, residual saturated hydrocarbon compositional alteration, and solid pyrobitumen formation. The intensity of TSR significantly depends on the H2O/MgSO4 mole ratio, the smaller the ratio, the stronger the oxidizing conditions. Under highly oxidizing conditions (MgSO4/hydrocarbon wt/wt 20/1 and hydrocarbon/H2O wt/wt 1/1), large amounts of H2S and CO2 are generated indicating that hydrocarbon oxidation coupled with sulfate reduction is the dominant reaction. Starting with a mixture of C-21-C-35 n-alkanes, these hydrocarbons are consumed totally at temperatures below the onset of hydrocarbon thermal cracking in the absence of TSR (400 degrees C). Moreover, once the longer chain length hydrocarbons are oxidized, secondarily formed hydrocarbons, even methane, are oxidized to CO2. Using whole crude oils as the starting reactants, the TSR reaction dramatically lowers the stability of hydrocarbons leading to increases in gas dryness and gas/oil ratio. While their concentrations decrease, the relative distributions of n-alkanes do not change appreciably from the original composition, and consequently, are non-diagnostic for TSR. However, distinct molecular changes related to TSR are observed, Pr/n-C-17 and Ph/n-C-18 ratios decrease at a faster rate under TSR compared to thermal chemical alteration (TCA) alone. TSR promotes aromatization. and the incorporation of sulfur and oxygen into hydrocarbons leading to a decrease in the saturate to aromatic ratio in the residual oil and in the generation of sulfur and oxygen rich pyrobitumen. These experimental findings could provide useful geochemical signatures to identify TSR in settings where TSR has occurred in natural systems. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Tongwei; Wang, Kang-shi; Tang, Yongchun] CALTECH, Power Environm & Energy Res Ctr, Covina, CA 91722 USA. [Ellis, Geoffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Walters, Clifford C.; Kelemen, Simon R.] ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. RP Tang, YC (reprint author), CALTECH, Power Environm & Energy Res Ctr, 738 Arrow Grand Circle, Covina, CA 91722 USA. EM tang@peer.caltech.edu RI Tang, Yongchun/G-7473-2011; Zhang, Tongwei/M-8000-2014; Ellis, Geoffrey/G-8970-2011; OI Ellis, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4519-3320; Walters, Clifford/0000-0002-4654-0139 NR 48 TC 46 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2008 VL 39 IS 3 BP 308 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.12.007 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 288IQ UT WOS:000254980100004 ER PT J AU Peters, KE Ramos, LS Zumberge, JE Valin, ZC Bird, KJ AF Peters, Kenneth E. Ramos, L. Scott Zumberge, John E. Valin, Zenon C. Bird, Kenneth J. TI De-convoluting mixed crude oil in Prudhoe Bay Field, North Slope, Alaska SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Seventy-four crude oil samples from the Barrow arch on the North Slope of Alaska were studied to assess the relative volumetric contributions from different source rocks to the giant Prudhoe Bay Field. We applied alternating least squares to concentration data (ALS-C) for 46 biomarkers in the range C-19-C-35 to de-convolute mixtures of oil generated from carbonate rich Triassic Shublik Formation and clay rich Jurassic Kingak Shale and Cretaceous Hue Shale-gamma ray zone (Hue-GRZ) source rocks. ALS-C results for 23 oil samples from the prolific Ivishak Formation reservoir of the Prudhoe Bay Field indicate approximately equal contributions from Shublik Formation and Hue-GRZ source rocks (37% each), less from the Kingak Shale (26%), and little or no contribution from other source rocks. These results differ from published interpretations that most oil in the Prudhoe Bay Field originated from the Shublik Formation source rock. With few exceptions, the relative contribution of oil from the Shublik Formation decreases, while that from the Hue-GRZ increases in reservoirs along the Barrow arch from Point Barrow in the northwest to Point Thomson in the southeast (similar to 250 miles or 400 km). The Shublik contribution also decreases to a lesser degree between fault blocks within the Ivishak pool from west to east across the Prudhoe Bay Field. ALS-C provides a robust means to calculate the relative amounts of two or more oil types in a mixture. Furthermore, ALS-C does not require that pure end member oils be identified prior to analysis or that laboratory mixtures of these oils be prepared to evaluate mixing. ALS-C of biomarkers reliably de-convolutes mixtures because the concentrations of compounds in mixtures vary as linear functions of the amount of each oil type. ALS of biomarker ratios (ALS-R) cannot be used to de-convolute mixtures because compound ratios vary as nonlinear functions of the amount of each oil type. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Peters, Kenneth E.; Valin, Zenon C.; Bird, Kenneth J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ramos, L. Scott] Infometrix Inc, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. [Zumberge, John E.] GeoMark Res Ltd, Houston, TX 77095 USA. RP Peters, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 969, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kpeters@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2008 VL 39 IS 6 BP 623 EP 645 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.03.001 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 324GH UT WOS:000257505200001 ER PT J AU Stahala, C AF Stahala, Caroline TI Seasonal movements of the Bahama Parrot (Amazona leucocephala bahamensis) between pine and hardwood forests: Implications for habitat conservation SO ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Neotropical Ornithological Congress CY MAY 13-19, 2007 CL Maturin, VENEZUELA DE Amazona leucocephala bahamensis; Bahama Parrot; home range; kernel; minimum convex polygon; Abaco National Park; habitat use; Caribbean pine; hardwood; movement ID NATURE-RESERVES; NATIONAL-PARKS; POPULATIONS; SELECTION; PATTERNS; BIOLOGY; SYSTEM AB The Bahama's Abaco National Park on Great Abaco Island was established to protect the habitat for one of two remaining populations of the Bahama Parrot (Amazona leucocephala bahamensis). The park currently protects the only high density nesting areas on the island. Results of a telemetry study conducted from August 2003 to July 2004 show that the park is primarily used by parrots during the breeding months, but is insufficient to support the parrot population during the non-breeding season. During the non-breeding season, the parrots disperse to hardwood areas along the perimeter of the island. Based on minimum convex polygons, the mean annual home range of the Abaco parrot population was estimated to be 18,593 ha (SE = 1947 ha). The results of a kernel analysis suggest a preference for hardwood coppice habitat outside of Abaco National Park during the non-breeding season. Recommendations are to include more hardwood areas within the protected park boundaries by 1) annexing hardwood habitat adjacent to the park; 2) creating satellite parks in areas currently used by parrots during non-breeding periods, and 3) incorporating management actions that favor the regrowth of hardwood habitats within the current park boundaries without disturbing ground nesting areas. C1 [Stahala, Caroline] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Stahala, C (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City Ecol Serv, 1601 Balboa Ave, Panama City, FL USA. EM Caroline_stahala@fws.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC, USGS PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH CTR PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA 30602-2152 USA SN 1075-4377 J9 ORNITOL NEOTROP JI ORNITOL. NEOTROP. PY 2008 VL 19 SU S BP 165 EP 171 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 305DN UT WOS:000256158100012 ER PT J AU Colorado, G Hamel, P Rodewald, A Thogmartin, W AF Colorado, Gabriel Hamel, Paul Rodewald, Amanda Thogmartin, Wayne TI El Grupo Ceruleo: Collaboration to assess nonbreeding range of Cerulean Warbler in South America SO ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Neotropical Ornithological Congress CY MAY 13-19, 2007 CL Maturin, VENEZUELA DE Cerulean Warbler; Dendroica cerulea; El Grupo Ceruleo; modeling assessment; distributional maps AB Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea: Parulidae) has been listed as a vulnerable species by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature because of recent population declines. An international, proactive approach to Cerulean Warbler conservation, the Cerulean Warbler Technical Group, was founded in 2001. One of its subcommittees, El Grupo Ceruleo, addresses nonbreeding season issues to promote the protection of this bird through habitat conservation, field research on Cerulean Warbler winter ecology, public awareness, and the development of a predictive model to allow for assessment and monitoring of Cerulean Warbler. Most of the recent efforts of this group have been devoted to studying and understanding the spatial distribution of the Cerulean Warbler in South America through predictive models as a highly necessary strategy to elucidating the bird's occurrence, and thereby to identify and locate important nonbreeding habitats and areas of concentration in the Neotropics. To address this issue, members of El Grupo Ceruleo developed five hypothetical models of potential distribution of the bird in the northern Andes based on existing historical records and surveys conducted by El Grupo members. In order to validate the model output, we selected locations to verify the occurrence of the species, based on a stratified-random design, using locations where the Cerulean Warbler was predicted to occur by all five models. We elaborated field protocols to survey these locations. Resulting data will be structured for analysis using the techniques of occupancy modeling. Basic survey designs to carry out the fieldwork as well as preliminary results of the first year's fieldwork are presented. C1 [Colorado, Gabriel] Univ Nacl Colombia, Forestry Sci Dept, Medellin, Colombia. [Hamel, Paul] Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, US Forest Serv, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Rodewald, Amanda] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne] USGS Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Colorado, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Colombia, Forestry Sci Dept, AA 1779, Medellin, Colombia. EM gjcolora@une.net.co RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008; Rodewald, Amanda/I-6308-2016 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279; Rodewald, Amanda/0000-0002-6719-6306 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC, USGS PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH CTR PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA 30602-2152 USA SN 1075-4377 J9 ORNITOL NEOTROP JI ORNITOL. NEOTROP. PY 2008 VL 19 SU S BP 521 EP 529 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 305DN UT WOS:000256158100048 ER PT J AU Swarthout, SB Rosenberg, KV Will, TC Moreno, MI AF Swarthout, Sara Barker Rosenberg, Kenneth V. Will, Tom C. Moreno, Maria Isabel TI A collaborative web-based recording program for housing records of migratory birds during now breeding periods in Central and South America SO ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Neotropical Ornithological Congress CY MAY 13-19, 2007 CL Maturin, VENEZUELA DE conservation strategies; eBird; Neotropical; priority migrant; South America; web-based recording program; winter distribution ID POPULATION DECLINES; WINTER AB Tracking the migratory routes and non-breeding distributions of Neotropical migrants has proven to be logistically difficult, time intensive, and economically challenging. The goal of the Priority Migrant eBird program is to collect non-breeding season distribution information needed to generate effective rangewide conservation strategies for long-distance migratory species that have experienced precipitous population declines over the last few decades. The project was initially conceived by the international committees of the Golden-winged Warbler Working Group (Alianza Alas Doradas) and the Cerulean Warbler Technical Group (El Grupo Ceruleo) as a tool for addressing the lack of information on non-breeding season distributions for these two species in Central and northern South America. In order to maximize the number of contributors among the banding, conservation, research, education, and birding communities, and to minimize the effort needed to contribute records, we adapted the electronic checklist program eBird to track the dynamic distributions of five high priority species: Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea), Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera), Blue-winged Warbler (V. pinus), Canada Warbler (Vilsonia canadensis), and Olive-sided Flyctcher (Contopus borealis). For Cerulean Warblers, the data will be used to validate habitat suitability models generated by El Grupo Ceruleo. The program has sites in both Spanish and English, enabling users to easily enter geo-referenced locations in addition to habitat and age and sex information that will facilitate the generation and testing of research hypotheses. Data are housed in one location and are readily accessible to all user groups. This powerful tool for tracking the migration of priority species will enable us to target specific areas for further studies and help to identify the most important sites in Latin America for protection and conservation-action. C1 [Swarthout, Sara Barker; Rosenberg, Kenneth V.] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Will, Tom C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. [Moreno, Maria Isabel] Fdn ProAves Colombia, Bogota, DC, Colombia. RP Swarthout, SB (reprint author), Cornell Lab Ornithol, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM sb65@cornell.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC, USGS PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH CTR PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA 30602-2152 USA SN 1075-4377 J9 ORNITOL NEOTROP JI ORNITOL. NEOTROP. PY 2008 VL 19 SU S BP 531 EP 539 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 305DN UT WOS:000256158100049 ER PT J AU Strum, KM Alfaro, M Haase, B Hooper, MJ Johnson, KA Lanctot, RB Lesterhuis, AJ Lopez, L Matz, AC Morales, C Paulson, B Sandercock, BK Torres-Dowdall, J Zaccagnini, ME AF Strum, Khara M. Alfaro, Matilde Haase, Ben Hooper, Michael J. Johnson, Kevin A. Lanctot, Richard B. Lesterhuis, Arne J. Lopez, Leticia Matz, Angela C. Morales, Cristina Paulson, Benjamin Sandercock, Brett K. Torres-Dowdall, Julian Elena Zaccagnini, Maria TI Plasma cholinesterases for monitoring pesticide exposure in Nearctic-Neotropical migratory shorebirds SO ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Neotropical Ornithological Congress CY MAY 13-19, 2007 CL Maturin, VENEZUELA DE carbamate; cholinesterase; ecotoxicology; organophosphate; waders ID SWAINSONS HAWKS; B-ESTERASE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; ARGENTINA; MORTALITY; SIZE AB Organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CB) pesticides are commonly used agrochemicals throughout the Western Hemisphere. These pesticides, have caused mortalities in migratory birds and adverse physiological effects in trials with captive birds. Migratory shorebirds use a variety of habitats during the austral summer in temperate South America and during migration through the Great Plains of the United States. Habitats where risk of exposure is high include rice fields and turf grass farms where agrochemicals are used. Cholinesterase (ChE) is a specific biomarker for monitoring OP and CB exposure and can be measured using standard laboratory procedures. Plasma ChE activity is useful as a non-lethal means of monitoring avian exposure to OP and CB pesticides. Many variables can affect enzyme activity and reactivation assays are not always possible, thus reference ChE values are a necessary component of monitoring exposure. During northbound migration in 2006, we sampled four upland and five wetland shorebird species at four pesticide-free sites in North America, characterizing and measuring plasma ChEs in all shorebird species. Small-bodied species had higher levels of ChE activity in plasma than large-bodied species. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme whose inhibition leads to poisoning symptoms, showed less inter-specific variation than butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Plasma ChE activities varied with date of capture in three of five species. Sex differences were significant in one of two species tested. Our baseline ChE values for migratory shorebirds provide a framework for future ecotoxicological studies of Nearctic-Neotropical migrant shorebirds. C1 [Strum, Khara M.; Sandercock, Brett K.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Alfaro, Matilde] Univ Republica, Secc Oceanog, Fac Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Haase, Ben] Fdn Ecuatoriana Estudio Mamiferos Marinos, Guayaquil, Ecuador. [Hooper, Michael J.] Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79416 USA. [Johnson, Kevin A.; Paulson, Benjamin] So Illinois Univ, Dept Chem, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. [Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Lesterhuis, Arne J.; Lopez, Leticia; Morales, Cristina] Guyra Paraguay, Asuncion, Paraguay. [Matz, Angela C.] USFWS, Environm Contaminants Program, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Torres-Dowdall, Julian] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Elena Zaccagnini, Maria] INTA CIRN, Inst Recursos Biol, RA-1712 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Strum, KM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM kmstrum@ksu.edu RI Sandercock, Brett/L-1644-2016; OI Sandercock, Brett/0000-0002-9240-0268; Hooper, Michael/0000-0002-4161-8961 NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC, USGS PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH CTR PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA 30602-2152 USA SN 1075-4377 J9 ORNITOL NEOTROP JI ORNITOL. NEOTROP. PY 2008 VL 19 SU S BP 641 EP 651 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 305DN UT WOS:000256158100060 ER PT J AU Harris, GM Russell, GJ van Aarde, RI Pimm, SL AF Harris, Grant M. Russell, Gareth J. van Aarde, Rudi I. Pimm, Stuart L. TI Rules of habitat use by elephants Loxodonta africana in southern Africa: insights for regional management SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE Etosha National Park; habitat use; Loxodonta africana; Maputo Elephant Reserve; optimal foraging; southern Africa; Tembe Elephant Park ID POPULATION; PARK; MAPUTALAND; VEGETATION AB Managers in southern Africa are concerned that continually increasing elephant populations will degrade ecosystems. Culling, translocation and birth control are flawed solutions. An alternative is providing elephants more space but this hinges on identifying landscape preferences. We examined two diverse ecosystems and uncovered similarities in elephant habitat use, expressing these as 'rules'. We considered and Etosha National Park, (Namibia) and the tropical woodlands of Tembe Elephant Park (South Africa) and Maputo Elephant Reserve (Mozambique). Landscape data consisted of vegetation types, distances from water and settlements. To surmount issues of scale and availability we incorporated elephant movements as a function that declined as distance from an elephant's location increased. This presumes that elephants optimize trade-offs between benefiting from high-quality resources and costs to find them. Under a likelihood-based approach we determined the important variables and shapes of their relationships to evaluate and compare models separated by gender, season and location. After considering elephants' preferences for areas nearby, habitat use usually increased with proximity to water in all locations. Elephants sought places with high proportions of vegetation, especially when neighbouring areas had low vegetative cover. Lastly, elephants avoided human settlements (when present), and cows more so than bulls. In caricature, elephants preferred to move little, drink easily, eat well, and avoid people. If one makes more areas available, elephants will probably favour areas near water with high vegetative cover (of many different types) and away from people. Managers can oblige elephants' preferences by supplying them. If so, they should anticipate higher impacts to neighbouring vegetation. C1 [Russell, Gareth J.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Math Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Russell, Gareth J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [van Aarde, Rudi I.; Pimm, Stuart L.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, Conservat Ecol Res Unit, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Harris, Grant M.; Pimm, Stuart L.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Harris, GM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 1306, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. EM grant_harris@fws.gov RI Russell, Gareth/C-3061-2011 OI Russell, Gareth/0000-0003-2149-9456 NR 23 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 7 U2 43 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0030-6053 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD JAN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 1 BP 66 EP 75 DI 10.1017/S0030605308000483 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 291WH UT WOS:000255227400015 ER PT J AU Piniak, GA Brown, EK AF Piniak, Gregoiy A. Brown, Eric K. TI Growth and mortality of coral transplants (Pocillopora damicornis) along a range of sediment influence in Maui, Hawai'i SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRINGING-REEF FLAT; PARTICULATE MATTER; MONTASTRAEA-ANNULARIS; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; SURVIVAL; MOLOKAI; RATES; RESUSPENSION; PATTERNS AB Fragments of the lace coral Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) were transplanted to four sites on the south-central coast of Maui, Hawai'i, to examine coral growth over a range of expected sediment influence. Corals remained in situ for 11 months and were recovered seasonally for growth measurements using the buoyant weight technique. Average sediment trap accumulation rates ranged from 11 to 490 mg cm(-2) day(-1) and were greater at the wave-exposed reef site than at the protected harbor sites. Coral growth was highest at the donor site and was higher in the summer than in the winter. A stepwise linear regression found significant effects of sediment trap accumulation and light on growth rates, but the partial correlation coefficients suggest that these factors may be only secondary controls on growth. This study did not show a clear link between coral growth and sediment load. This result may be due, in part, to co-variation of sediment load with wave exposure and the inability of trap accumulation rates to integrate all sediment effects (e.g., turbidity) that can affect coral growth. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Piniak, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM greg.piniak@noaa.gov; Eric_Brown@nps.gov NR 57 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 62 IS 1 BP 39 EP 55 DI 10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[39:GAMOCT]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 233PH UT WOS:000251102300003 ER PT J AU Smith, LW Wirshing, HH Baker, AC Birkeland, C AF Smith, L. W. Wirshing, H. H. Baker, A. C. Birkeland, C. TI Environmental versus genetic influences on growth rates of the corals Pocillopora eydouxi and Porites lobata (Anthozoa : Scleractinia) SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REEF CORALS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER MOTION; DIVERSITY; ZOOXANTHELLAE; SYMBIODINIUM; PACIFIC; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; REPRODUCTION AB Reciprocal transplant experiments of the corals Pocillopora eydouxi Milne Edwards & Haime and Porites lobata Dana were carried out for an 18-month period from September 2004 to March 2006 between two back reef pools on Ofu Island, American Samoa, to test environmental versus genetic effects on skeletal growth rates. Skeletal growth of P. eydouxi showed environmental but not genetic effects, resulting in doubling of growth in Pool 300 compared with Pool 400. There were no environmental or genetic effects on skeletal growth of P. lobata. Pool 300 had more frequent and longer durations of elevated seawater temperatures than Pool 400, characteristics likely to decrease rather than increase skeletal growth. Pool 300 also had higher nutrient levels and flow velocities than Pool 400, characteristics that may increase skeletal growth. However, higher nutrient levels would be expected to increase skeletal growth in both species, but there was no difference between the pools in P. lobata growth. P. eydouxi is much more common in high-energy environments than P. lobata,; thus the higher flow velocities in Pool 300 than in Pool 400 may have positively affected skeletal growth of P. eydouxi while not having a detectable effect on P. lobata. The greater skeletal growth of P. eydouxi in Pool 300 occurred despite the presence of clade D zooxanthellae in several source colonies in Pool 300, a genotype known to result in greater heat resistance but slower skeletal growth. Increased skeletal growth rates in higher water motion may provide P. eydouxi a competitive advantage in shallow, high-energy environments where competition for space is intense. C1 Univ Hawaii, USGS Dept Zool, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Smith, LW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, USGS Dept Zool, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM lancesmi@hawaii.edu NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 17 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 62 IS 1 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[57:EVGIOG]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 233PH UT WOS:000251102300004 ER PT J AU Baxa, DV Kelley, GO Mukkatira, KS Beauchamp, KA Rasmussen, C Hedrick, RP AF Baxa, D. V. Kelley, G. O. Mukkatira, K. S. Beauchamp, K. A. Rasmussen, C. Hedrick, R. P. TI Arrested development of the myxozoan parasite, Myxobolus cerebralis, in certain populations of mitochondrial 16S lineage III Tubifex tubifex SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SALMONID WHIRLING DISEASE; WILD TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; LIFE-CYCLE; OLIGOCHAETA; TUBIFICIDAE; MYXOSPOREA; INFECTION; ANNELIDA; MONTANA AB Laboratory populations of Tubifex tubifex from mitochondrial (mt)16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) lineage III were generated from single cocoons of adult worms releasing the triactinomyxon stages (TAMs) of the myxozoan parasite, Myxobolus cerebralis. Subsequent worm populations from these cocoons, referred to as clonal lines, were tested for susceptibility to infection with the myxospore stages of M. cerebralis. Development and release of TAMs occurred in five clonal lines, while four clonal lines showed immature parasitic forms that were not expelled from the worm (non-TAM producers). Oligochaetes from TAM- and non-TAM-producing clonal lines were confirmed as lineage III based on mt16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1) sequences, but these genes did not differentiate these phenotypes. In contrast, random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses of genomic DNA demonstrated unique banding patterns that distinguished the phenotypes. Cohabitation of parasite-exposed TAM- and non-TAM-producing phenotypes showed an overall decrease in expected TAM production compared to the same exposure dose of the TAM-producing phenotype without cohabitation. These studies suggest that differences in susceptibility to parasite infection can occur in genetically similar T. tubifex populations, and their coexistence may affect overall M. cerebralis production, a factor that may influence the severity of whirling disease in wild trout populations. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Fish Hlth Lab, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Baxa, DV (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dvbaxa@ucdavis.edu NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 EI 1432-1955 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 102 IS 2 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s00436-007-0750-1 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 237KR UT WOS:000251373100007 PM 17891544 ER PT J AU Gutman, G Byrnes, R Masek, J Covington, S Justice, C Franks, S Headley, R AF Gutman, G. Byrnes, R. Masek, J. Covington, S. Justice, C. Franks, S. Headley, R. TI Towards monitoring land-cover and land-use changes at a global scale: The Global Land Survey 2005 SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID FOREST C1 [Byrnes, R.; Headley, R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Gutman, G.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Masek, J.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Justice, C.; Franks, S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gutman, G (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012 NR 15 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 74 IS 1 BP 6 EP 10 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 247KM UT WOS:000252077700001 ER PT J AU Paganelli, F Janssen, MA Lopes, RM Stofan, E Wall, SD Loren, RD Lunine, JI Kirk, RL Roth, L Elachi, C AF Paganelli, F. Janssen, M. A. Lopes, R. M. Stofan, E. Wall, S. D. Lorenz, R. D. Lunine, J. I. Kirk, R. L. Roth, L. Elachi, C. CA Cassini Radar Team TI Titan's surface from the Cassini RADAR radiometry data during SAR mode SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Assembly of the European-Geosciences-Union CY APR 02-07, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Geosci Union DE Titan; SAR; high-resolution radiometry; surface features; physical properties AB We present initial results on the calibration and interpretation of the high-resolution radiometry data acquired during the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode (SAR-radiometry) of the Cassini Radar Mapper during its first five flybys of Saturn's moon Titan. We construct maps of the brightness temperature at the 2-cm wavelength coincident with SAR swath imaging. A preliminary radiometry calibration shows that brightness temperature in these maps varies from 64 to 89 K. Surface features and physical properties derived from the SAR-radiometry maps and SAR imaging are strongly correlated; in general, we find that surface features with high radar reflectivity are associated with radiometrically cold regions, while surface features with low radar reflectivity correlate with radiometrically warm regions. We examined scatterplots of the normalized radar cross-section sigma(0) versus brightness temperature, outlining signatures that characterize various terrains and surface features. The results indicate that volume scattering is important in many areas of Titan's surface, particularly Xanadu, while other areas exhibit complex brightness temperature variations consistent with variable slopes or surface material and compositional properties. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Paganelli, F.; Janssen, M. A.; Lopes, R. M.; Wall, S. D.; Roth, L.; Elachi, C.] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Stofan, E.] Proxemy Res, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. [Lorenz, R. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Space, Appl Phys Lab, Explorat Grp, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Lunine, J. I.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lunine, J. I.] INAF, IFSI, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Paganelli, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM flora.paganelli@jpl.nasa.gov RI Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 100 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2007.03.015 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 261UN UT WOS:000253105600006 ER PT B AU Harrison, RW AF Harrison, Richard W. BE DeSantis, A Baker, R Klug, B Vanicek, P Silva, LJH Foyo, A Ercanoglu, M Dordevic, D TI A Model for the Plate Tectonic Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean Region that Emphasizes the Role of Transform (Strike-Slip) Structures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST WSEAS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND GEOLOGICAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (EG'08): ENVIRONMENT AND GEOSCIENCE SE Energy and Environmental Engineering Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st WSEAS International Conference on Environmental and Geological Science and Engineering CY SEP 11-13, 2008 CL MALTA SP WSEAS DE Eastern Mediterranean; Plate tectonics; African plate; Mesozoic; Cenozoic; Cyprus; Troodos ID CYPRUS; EARTHQUAKE; KINEMATICS; FRAMEWORK; HISTORY; SYSTEM; BASIN AB A model for the tectonic evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean region from Mesozoic to Present is developed from geological, geophysical, and seismological data on and surrounding the island of Cyprus. This model emphasizes the role of major transform structures in accommodating horizontal plate motions, driven from the west by spreading along the Atlantic-Arctic mid-ocean-ridge system and from the east by escape tectonics related to the movement of the Arabian plate. In particular, this model interprets the African-Anatolian plate boundary as a system of left-lateral transform structures, >75 km wide, that has been active since the early Mesozoic. In this model, Neotethys spreading and closure (subduction and obduction) occurred north of the transform system. Geophysical data indicates that the Troodos ophiolite dips northward; suggesting that subduction was to the north beneath the Anatolian plate. Southward obduction of the Troodos ophiolite was facilitated by contemporaneous left-lateral horizontal shear. The northward sequence of 1) a wide zone of shear containing ophiolites; 2) contracted trench and accretionary prism rocks; and 3) a north-dipping subduction zone is similar to the sequence described across the Arabia-Anatolian plate boundary, indicating commonality in tectonic evolution. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Harrison, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS926A, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rharriso@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC PI ATHENS PA AG LOANNOU THEOLOGOU 17-23, 15773 ZOGRAPHOU, ATHENS, GREECE BN 978-960-474-001-7 J9 ENERGY ENVIRON ENG S PY 2008 BP 153 EP 158 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BIL01 UT WOS:000260451300020 ER PT S AU Czuba, JA Oberg, K AF Czuba, Jonathan A. Oberg, Kevin GP IEEE TI Validation of exposure time for discharge measurements made with two bottom-tracking acoustic Doppler current profilers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE/OES/CMTC NINTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology CY MAR 17-19, 2008 CL Charleston, SC SP IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Current Measurement Technol Comm AB Previous work by Oberg and Mueller of the U.S. Geological Survey in 2007 concluded that exposure time (total time spent sampling the flow) is a critical factor in reducing measurement uncertainty. In a subsequent paper, Oberg and Mueller validated these conclusions using one set of data to show that the effect of exposure time on the uncertainty of the measured discharge is independent of stream width, depth, and range of boat speeds. Analysis of eight StreamPro acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements indicate that they fall within and show a similar trend to the Rio Grande ADCP data previously reported. Four special validation measurements were made for the purpose of verifying the conclusions of Oberg and Mueller regarding exposure time for Rio Grande and StreamPro ADCPs. Analysis of these measurements confirms that exposure time is a critical factor in reducing measurement uncertainty and is independent of stream width, depth, and range of boat speeds. Furthermore, it appears that the relation between measured discharge uncertainty and exposure time is similar for both Rio Grande and StreamPro ADCPs. These results are applicable to ADCPs that make use of broadband technology using bottom-tracking to obtain the boat velocity. Based on this work, a minimum of two transects should be collected with an exposure time for all transects greater than or equal to 720 seconds in order to achieve an uncertainty of 5 percent when using bottom-tracking ADCPs. C1 [Czuba, Jonathan A.] US Geol Survey, Illinois Water Sci Ctr, 1201 W Univ Ave,Suite 100, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Oberg, Kevin] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Czuba, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Illinois Water Sci Ctr, 1201 W Univ Ave,Suite 100, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jczuba@usgs.gov; kaoberg@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-7990 BN 978-1-4244-1485-7 J9 WORK C CURR MEASUREM PY 2008 BP 250 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BHO74 UT WOS:000254888100036 ER PT S AU Teague, CC Barrick, DE Lilleboe, PM Cheng, RT Stumpner, P Burau, JR AF Teague, Calvin C. Barrick, Donald E. Lilleboe, Peter M. Cheng, Ralph T. Stumpner, Paul Burau, Jon R. GP IEEE TI Dual-RiverSonde measurements of two-dimensional river flow patterns SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE/OES/CMTC NINTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology CY MAR 17-19, 2008 CL Charleston, SC SP IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Current Measurement Technol Comm AB Two-dimensional river flow patterns have been measured using a pair of RiverSondes in two experiments in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta system of central California during April and October 2007. An experiment was conducted at Walnut Grove, California in order to explore the use of dual RiverSondes to measure flow patterns at a location which is important in the study of juvenile fish migration. The data available during the first experiment were limited by low wind, so a second experiment was conducted at Threemile Slough where wind conditions and surface turbulence historically have resulted in abundant data. Both experiments included ADCP near-surface velocity measurements from either manned or unmanned boats. Both experiments showed good comparisons between the RiverSonde and ADCP measurements. The flow conditions at both locations are dominated by tidal effects, with partial flow reversal at Walnut Grove and complete flow reversal at Threemile Slough. Both systems showed complex flow patterns during the flow reversals. Quantitative comparisons between the RiverSondes and an ADCP on a manned boat at Walnut Grove showed mean differences of 4.5 cm/s in the u (eastward) and 7.6 cm/s in the v (northward) components, and RMS differences of 14.7 cm/s in the u component and 21.0 cm/s in the v component. Quantitative comparisons between the RiverSondes and ADCPs on autonomous survey vessels at Threemile Slough showed mean differences of 0.007 cm/s in the u component and 0.5 cm/s in the v component, and RMS differences of 7.9 cm/s in the u component and 13.5 cm/s in the v component after obvious outliers were removed. C1 [Teague, Calvin C.; Barrick, Donald E.; Lilleboe, Peter M.] CODAR Ocean Sensors Ltd, 1914 Plymouth St, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Cheng, Ralph T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Stumpner, Paul; Burau, Jon R.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Teague, CC (reprint author), CODAR Ocean Sensors Ltd, 1914 Plymouth St, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM cal@codar.com; don@codar.com; pete@codar.com; rtcheng@sbcglobal.net; rburau@usgs.gov; pstump@usgs.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-7990 BN 978-1-4244-1485-7 J9 WORK C CURR MEASUREM PY 2008 BP 258 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BHO74 UT WOS:000254888100037 ER PT S AU Oberg, KA Czuba, JA Johnson, KK AF Oberg, Kevin A. Czuba, Jonathan A. Johnson, Kevin K. GP IEEE TI Measuring gravity currents in the Chicago River, Chicago, Illinois SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE/OES/CMTC NINTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology CY MAR 17-19, 2008 CL Charleston, SC SP IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Current Measurement Technol Comm AB Recent studies of the Chicago River have determined that gravity currents are responsible for persistent bidirectional flows that have been observed in the river. A gravity current is the flow of one fluid within another caused by a density difference between the fluids. These studies demonstrated how acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) can be used to detect and characterize gravity currents in the field. In order to better understand the formation and evolution of these gravity currents, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has installed ADCPs and other instruments to continuously measure gravity currents in the Chicago River and the North Branch Chicago River. These instruments include stage sensors, thermistor strings, and both upward-looking and horizontal ADCPs. Data loggers and computers installed at gaging stations along the river are used to collect data from these instruments and transmit them to USGS offices. C1 [Oberg, Kevin A.] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, 1201 W Univ Ave,Suite 100, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Czuba, Jonathan A.; Johnson, Kevin K.] US Geol Survey, Illinois Water Sci Ctr, 1201 W Univ Ave,Suite 100, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Oberg, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, 1201 W Univ Ave,Suite 100, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jczuba@usgs.gov; johnsonk@usgs.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-7990 BN 978-1-4244-1485-7 J9 WORK C CURR MEASUREM PY 2008 BP 264 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BHO74 UT WOS:000254888100038 ER PT J AU Mallinson, D Burdette, K Mahan, S Brook, G AF Mallinson, David Burdette, Kevin Mahan, Shannon Brook, George TI Optically stimulated luminescence age controls on late Pleistocene and Holocene coastal lithosomes, North Carolina, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE optically stimulated luminescence; coastal geology; quaternary sea level; paleoshoreline; glacio-isostasy ID LAST GLACIAL CYCLE; SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; CORAL TERRACES; INTERGLACIAL PERIOD; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SOUTH-AUSTRALIA; HUON PENINSULA; ARCTIC CANADA; BAFFIN-ISLAND; BARRIER AB Luminescence ages from a variety of coastal features on the North Carolina Coastal Plain provide age control for shoreline formation and relative sea-level position (luring the late Pleistocene. A series of paleoshoreline ridges, dating to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5a and MIS 3 have been defined. The Kitty Hawk beach ridges, on the modern Outer Banks, yield ages of 3 to 2 ka. Oxygen-isotope data are used to place these deposits in the context of global climate and sea-level change. The occurrence of MIS 5a and MIS 3 shorelines suggests that glacio-isostatic adjustment (GIA) of the study area is large (ca. 22 to 26 m), as suggested and modeled by other workers, and/or MIS 3 sea level was briefly higher than suggested by some coral reef studies. Correcting the shoreline elevations for GIA brings their elevation in line with other sea-level indicators. The age of the Kitty Hawk beach ridges places the Holocene shoreline well west of its present location at ca. 3 to 2 ka. The age of shoreline progradation is consistent with the ages of other beach ridge complexes in the southeast USA, suggesting some regionally contemporaneous forcing mechanism. (C) 2007 University of Washington. All rights reserved. C1 [Mallinson, David] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Burdette, Kevin] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. [Mahan, Shannon] USGS Fed Facil, Luminescence Dating Lab, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Brook, George] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Mallinson, D (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM mallinsond@ecu.edu OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 73 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 69 IS 1 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2007.10.002 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 258JZ UT WOS:000252865500010 ER PT J AU Engle, DM Fuhlendorf, SD Roper, A Leslie, DM AF Engle, David M. Fuhlendorf, Samuel D. Roper, Aaron Leslie, David M., Jr. TI Invertebrate community response to a shifting mosaic of habitat SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ecosystem management; equilibrium; grasslands; grazing; heterogeneity; landscape ecology; patch dynamics; plant-animal interaction; rangeland ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE VEGETATION; AFRICAN SAVANNA; FIRE FREQUENCY; GRASSHOPPER ASSEMBLAGES; ARTHROPOD DIVERSITY; INSECT COMMUNITIES; CENTRAL ARGENTINA; SEASONAL FIRE; GRASSLAND; MANAGEMENT AB Grazing management has focused largely on promoting vegetation homogeneity through uniform distribution of grazing to minimize area in a pasture that is either heavily disturbed or undisturbed. An alternative management model that couples grazing and fire (i.e., patch burning) to promote heterogeneity argues that grazing and fire interact through a series of positive and negative feedbacks to cause a shifting mosaic of vegetation composition and structure across the landscape. We compared patch burning with traditional homogeneity-based management in tallgrass prairie to determine the influence of the two treatments on the aboveground invertebrate community. Patch burning resulted in a temporal flush of invertebrate biomass in patches transitional between unburned and patches burned in the current year. Total invertebrate mass was about 50% greater in these transitional patches within patch-burned pastures as compared to pastures under traditional, homogeneity-based management. Moreover, the mosaic of patches in patch-burned pastures contained a wider range of invertebrate biomass and greater abundance of some invertebrate orders than did the traditionally managed pastures. Patch burning provides habitat that meets requirements for a broad range of invertebrate species, suggesting the potential for patch burning to benefit other native animal assemblages in the food chain. C1 [Engle, David M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Fuhlendorf, Samuel D.] Oklahoma Agr Exptl Stn, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Roper, Aaron] Oklahoma Agr Exptl Stn, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma Agr Exptl Stn, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Engle, DM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM dme@iastate.edu RI Fuhlendorf, Samuel/A-2931-2011 OI Fuhlendorf, Samuel/0000-0002-8726-9402 NR 67 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 29 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 61 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.2111/06-149R2.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 253AT UT WOS:000252491000006 ER PT J AU Hempy-Mayer, K Pyke, DA AF Hempy-Mayer, Kara Pyke, David A. TI Defoliation effects on Bromus tectorum seed production: Implications for grazing SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cheatgrass; clipping; grazing; livestock; native plant restoration; weed control ID AGROPYRON-SPICATUM; DEMOGRAPHIC RESPONSES; SMALL MAMMALS; DOWNY BROME; SEEDLINGS AB Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorurn L.) is an invasive annual grass that creates near-homogenous stands in areas throughout the Intermountain sagebrush steppe and challenges successful native plant restoration in these areas. A clipping experiment carried out at two cheatgrass-dominated sites in eastern Oregon (Lincoln Bench and Succor Creek) evaluated defoliation as a potential control method for cheatgrass and a seeding preparation method for native plant reseeding projects. Treatments involved clipping plants at two heights (tall = 7.6 cm, and short = 2.5 cm), two phenological stages (boot and purple), and two frequencies (once and twice), although purple-stage treatments were clipped only once. Treatments at each site were replicated in a randomized complete block design that included a control with no defoliation. End-of-season seed density (seeds center dot m(-2)) was estimated by sampling viable seeds from plants, litter, and soil of each treatment. Unclipped control plants produced an average of approximately 13 000 and 20 000 seeds center dot m(-2) at Lincoln Bench and Succor Creek, respectively. Plants clipped short at the boot stage and again 2 wk later had among the lowest mean seed densities at both sites, and were considered the most successful treatments (Lincoln Bench: F(6,45) = 47.07, P < 0.0001; Succor Creek: F(6,40) = 19.60, P < 0.0001). The 95% confidence intervals for seed densities were 123-324 seeds center dot m(-2) from the Lincoln Bench treatment, and 769-2256 seeds center dot m(-2) from the Succor Creek treatment. Literature suggests a maximum acceptable cheatgrass seed density of approximately 330 seeds center dot m(-2) for successful native plant restoration through reseeding. Thus, although this study helped pinpoint optimal defoliation parameters for cheatgrass control, it also called into question the potential for livestock grazing to be an effective seed-bed preparation technique in native plant reseeding projects in cheatgrass-dominated areas. C1 [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey Forest, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pyke, David A.] Range Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hempy-Mayer, Kara] Colorado Dept Agr, Div Plant Ind, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. RP Hempy-Mayer, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey Forest, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david_a_Pyke@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 21 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 61 IS 1 BP 116 EP 123 DI 10.2111/07-018.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 253AT UT WOS:000252491000013 ER PT S AU Baldigo, BP Ernst, ASG Keller, W Warren, DR Miller, SJ Davis, D Baudanza, TP Dekoskie, D Buchanan, JR AF Baldigo, Barry P. Ernst, Anne S. Gallagher Keller, Walter Warren, Dana R. Miller, Sarah J. Davis, Daniel Baudanza, Thomas P. Dekoskie, Douglas Buchanan, Jake R. BE Nielsen, J Dodson, JJ Friedland, K Hamon, TR Musick, J Verspoor, E TI Restoring geomorphic stability and biodiversity in streams of the Catskill Mountains, New York, USA SO RECONCILING FISHERIES WITH CONSERVATION, VOLS I AND II SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Fisheries Congress CY MAY 02-06, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID FISH HABITAT; WOODY DEBRIS; REHABILITATION; PROTECTION AB Many stream and river channels in North America have been straightened, widened, and hardened to stabilize channel banks and beds, but these efforts have typically given little or no consideration to biological integrity of the affected ecosystems. Application of natural-channel design (NCD) techniques and Rosgen's river classification system to mimic stable "reference-reach" morphology has helped reestablish natural stream-habitat conditions in more recent restoration projects. Stable channel morphology was restored using NCD techniques in a degraded reach in each of three Catskill Mountain streams during 2000 or 2001, in an attempt to decrease bed and bank erosion rates, reduce sediment loading, and improve water quality. Channel-restoration designs were based primarily on bank-full characteristics of nearby stable (reference) reaches and models of local stream hydrology and geometry. The effects of NCD restoration on biological integrity were assessed through before-after-control-impact (BACI) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) analyses of the changes in fish-community characteristics at treatment reaches relative to changes at unaltered control reaches after reach restoration. In general, relative species richness, total biomass, and biomass equitability increased significantly after treatment reaches were restored. The observed responses indicate that Fish communities were affected by the restorations and by normal year-to-year variations in uncontrolled factors such as temperature, precipitation, and stream discharge. These Findings indicate that biodiversity of fish communities in degraded Catskill Mountain streams generally benefit from use of NCD techniques to restore geomorphic stability. C1 [Baldigo, Barry P.; Ernst, Anne S. Gallagher; Keller, Walter] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-80-3 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2008 VL 49 BP 1777 EP 1790 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Fisheries; Law; Public Administration SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Government & Law; Public Administration GA BHM33 UT WOS:000254264800145 ER PT B AU Xian, G AF Xian, George BE Weng, Q TI Mapping Impervious Surfaces Using Classification and Regression Tree Algorithm SO REMOTE SENSING OF IMPERVIOUS SURFACES SE Taylor & Francis Series in Remote Sensing Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; SATELLITE DATA; URBAN SPRAWL; LAND-COVER; TAMPA BAY; IMAGERY; GROWTH; URBANIZATION; RUNOFF C1 [Xian, George] US Geol Survey, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Xian, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD USA. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-4374-7 J9 T&F SER REMOTE SENS PY 2008 BP 39 EP 58 PG 20 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BKA75 UT WOS:000267613700003 ER PT J AU Chacon, L Gomez, MC Jenkins, JA Wirtu, G Dresser, BL Pope, CE AF Chacon, L. Gomez, M. C. Jenkins, J. A. Wirtu, G. Dresser, B. L. Pope, C. E. TI Cryopreservation and in vitro culture affect histone acetylation levels of bovine fibroblasts SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chacon, L.; Gomez, M. C.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Bogota, Colombia. [Chacon, L.; Dresser, B. L.] Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Gomez, M. C.; Wirtu, G.; Dresser, B. L.; Pope, C. E.] Audubon Ctr Res Endanger Species, New Orleans, LA USA. [Jenkins, J. A.] Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA USA. [Wirtu, G.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 EI 1448-5990 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 1 MA 25 BP 93 EP 93 DI 10.1071/RDv20n1Ab25 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 239XB UT WOS:000251550500037 ER PT J AU Rocchini, D Cade, BS Billi, A Vannini, A Santoro, E Bacaro, G Geri, F Gasparini, P Chiarucci, A AF Rocchini, Duccio Cade, Brian S. Billi, Andrea Vannini, Arianna Santoro, Elena Bacaro, Giovanni Geri, Francesco Gasparini, Patrizia Chiarucci, Alessandro TI Distance decay of beta-similarity: spatial or ecological barriers ? SO RIVISTA ITALIANA DI TELERILEVAMENTO LA Italian DT Article DE beta-similarity; distance decay; Landsat ETM; quantile regressions ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; PRESENCE-ABSENCE DATA; REGRESSION QUANTILES; SATELLITE IMAGERY; DIVERSITY; FOREST; AUTOCORRELATION; SPACE; CLASSIFICATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB beta-diversity is defined as the complementarity in species composition between pairs of sites and plays a crucial role in biodiversity management and conservation, since it allows to detect those environmental gradients that functionally act in determining the variation of species composition. From an ecological viewpoint, the decay of beta-similarity principally arises from: (i) a decrease in environmental similarity with distance, which inevitably creates a competition among species with different physiological abilities (niche difference model); (ii) a spatial configuration which creates spatial barriers and thus isolation among habitats, that influences species and gene movement across landscapes. To date, efforts were made to demonstrate the effect of distance on species similarity. However, few tests have been performed at local scale, i.e. at the community level. The aim of this study is to test the distance decay of beta-similarity hypothesis at local scale (10 x 10m plots) considering both (i) spatial distance between pairs of sites: (ii) the ecological variables (elevation, aspect, slope, assolation, spectral reflectance considering both the whole multispectral system of a Landsat ETM+ image and the Near Infrared Wavelength, band 4). beta-similarity decay rates at different thresholds (tau) have been quantified by means of quantile regressions based on exponential models, focusing on the main factors influencing their trends. C1 [Rocchini, Duccio; Billi, Andrea; Vannini, Arianna; Santoro, Elena; Bacaro, Giovanni; Geri, Francesco; Chiarucci, Alessandro] Univ Siena, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali G Sarfatti, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Cade, Brian S.] Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Gasparini, Patrizia] Ist Sperimentale Assestamento Forestale & Alpicol, Consiglio Ric & Sperimentaz Agr, I-38050 Trento, Italy. RP Rocchini, D (reprint author), Univ Siena, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali G Sarfatti, Via PA Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy. EM rocchini@unisi.it RI Bacaro, Giovanni/F-5147-2011; Chiarucci, Alessandro/D-2622-2009; Rocchini, Duccio/B-6742-2011 OI Chiarucci, Alessandro/0000-0003-1160-235X; NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU ASSOC ITALIANA TELERILEVAMENTO PI FIRENZE PA UNIV DEGLI STUDI FIRENZE, DIPT SCI TERRA, VIA JACOPO NARDI, FIRENZE, 50132, ITALY SN 1129-8596 J9 RIV ITAL TELERILEVAM JI Riv. Ital. Telerilevamento PY 2008 VL 40 IS 1 BP 59 EP 73 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 401EY UT WOS:000262923600007 ER PT J AU Wald, LA Wald, DJ Schwarz, S Presgrave, B Earle, PS Martinez, E Oppenheimer, D AF Wald, Lisa A. Wald, David J. Schwarz, Stan Presgrave, Bruce Earle, Paul S. Martinez, Eric Oppenheimer, David TI The USGS Earthquake Notification Service (ENS): Customizable notifications of earthquakes around the globe SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Wald, Lisa A.; Wald, David J.; Schwarz, Stan; Presgrave, Bruce; Earle, Paul S.; Martinez, Eric; Oppenheimer, David] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Wald, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, DFC POB 25046 MS-966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM lisa@usgs.gov OI Oppenheimer, David/0000-0002-6569-3640; Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1785/gssrl.79.1.103 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 252AR UT WOS:000252417700012 ER PT B AU Bogle, R Velasco, M Vogel, J AF Bogle, Rian Velasco, Miguel Vogel, John GP ACM TI Deployments of Wide and Local Area Wireless Sensor Networks for Environmental Studies SO SENSYS'08: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH ACM CONFERENCE ON EMBEDDED NETWORKED SENSOR SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems CY NOV 05-07, 2008 CL Raleigh, NC SP ACM SIGCOMM, SIGMobile, SIGARCH, SIGBED, SIGMetrics, SIGOPS DE Wireless; Sensor; Network AB Remote sensing at high temporal resolutions, via satellite or airborne imaging systems, is often technically difficult and prohibitively expensive. This frequently results in the need for low cost, high availability field-based instrumentation and data collection systems by environmental scientists and land managers. The USGS Southwest Geographic Science Team in Flagstaff, Arizona has designed and developed several field-based systems to address this need. Utilizing low-cost embedded Linux-based computers, off-the-shelf commercial data loggers, cellular modems, and radio frequency systems, these systems have allowed the placement of in-situ digital cameras and environmental/weather monitoring stations in remote locations such as the Mojave Desert and Hawaiian Islands. These systems are being used in studies as diverse as dust storm genesis and coral reef health, and have potential across a wide range of landscape and climate change applications. We are not only able to update and maintain the stations remotely, reducing costs in physical maintenance and data collection, but also monitor landscapes in near real-time, retrieving high-density data (such as images) on demand or on regular automated schedules. This poster describes the various hardware configurations, software, and topologies used, as well as initial analyses on configuration efficacies C1 [Bogle, Rian; Velasco, Miguel; Vogel, John] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Bogle, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM rbogle@usgs.gov; mvelasco@usgs.gov; jvogel@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-990-6 PY 2008 BP 427 EP 427 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BKD50 UT WOS:000267822600064 ER PT B AU Keigley, RB Frisina, MR AF Keigley, Richard B. Frisina, Michael R. BE Kitchen, SG Pendleton, RL Monaco, TA Vernon, J TI Browse Evaluation of Tall Shrubs Based on Direct Measurement of a Management Objective SO SHRUBLANDS UNDER FIRE: DISTURBANCE AND RECOVERY IN A CHANGING WORLD, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Shrublands Under Fire - Disturbance and Recovery in A Changing World CY JUN 06-08, 2006 CL Cedar City, UT SP USDA, Forest Serv AB The monitoring of Geyer willow was based on the following management objective: Browsing will prevent fewer than 50 percent of Geyer willow shrubs from growing taller than 3 m. Three questions were addressed: (1) Is browsing a potential factor? (2) If so, can young plants grow taller than 3 meters? (3) If not, is browsing the dominant factor? All shrubs were intensely browsed. With a post-browsing growth rate of 5.0 cm per yr, no shrub could grow 3 m tall. Analyses of stem growth rate excluded dominant roles for climate and plant vigor. Browsing and stem age were the dominant factors that limited growth to 3 m tall. C1 [Keigley, Richard B.] USGS, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Keigley, RB (reprint author), USGS, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. EM richard_keigley@usgs.gov; mfrisina@mt.gov NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2008 IS 52 BP 115 EP 122 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BQY67 UT WOS:000282107500016 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, DG Iverson, RM AF Schaeffer, David G. Iverson, Richard M. TI STEADY AND INTERMITTENT SLIPPING IN A MODEL OF LANDSLIDE MOTION REGULATED BY PORE-PRESSURE FEEDBACK SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Hopf bifurcation; landslide; pore pressure; stick-slip ID SOIL AB This paper studies a parsimonious model of landslide motion, which consists of the one-dimensional diffusion equation ( for pore pressure) coupled through a boundary condition to a first-order ODE ( Newton's second law). Velocity weakening of sliding friction gives rise to nonlinearity in the model. Analysis shows that solutions of the model equations exhibit a subcritical Hopf bifurcation in which stable, steady sliding can transition to cyclical, stick-slip motion. Numerical computations confirm the analytical predictions of the parameter values at which bifurcation occurs. The existence of stick-slip behavior in part of the parameter space is particularly noteworthy because, unlike stick-slip behavior in classical models, here it arises in the absence of a reversible (elastic) driving force. Instead, the driving force is static ( gravitational), mediated by the effects of pore-pressure diffusion on frictional resistance. C1 [Schaeffer, David G.] Duke Univ, Dept Math, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Iverson, Richard M.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. RP Schaeffer, DG (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Math, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM dgs@math.duke.edu; riverson@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PY 2008 VL 69 IS 3 BP 769 EP 786 DI 10.1137/07070704X PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 403SU UT WOS:000263103100008 ER PT J AU Twedt, DJ Hamel, PB Wodrey, MS AF Twedt, Daniel J. Hamel, Paul B. Wodrey, Mark S. TI Winter Bird Population Studies and Project Prairie Birds for surveying grassland birds SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ALLUVIAL VALLEY; ABUNDANCE AB We compared 2 survey methods for assessing winter bird communities in temperate grasslands: Winter Bird Population Study surveys are area-searches that have long been used in a variety of habitats whereas Project Prairie Bird surveys employ active-flushing techniques on strip-transects and are intended for use in grasslands. We used both methods to survey birds on 14 herbaceous-reforested sites and 9 coastal pine savannas during winter and compared resultant estimates of species richness and relative abundance. These techniques did not yield similar estimates of avian populations. We found Winter Bird Population Studies consistently produced higher estimates of species richness, whereas Project Prairie Birds produced higher estimates of avian abundance for some species. When it is important to identify all species within the winter bird community, Winter Bird Population Studies should be the survey method of choice. If estimates of the abundance of relatively secretive grassland bird species are desired, the use of Project Prairie Birds protocols is warranted. However, we suggest that both survey techniques, as currently employed, are deficient and recommend distance-based survey methods that provide species-specific C1 [Twedt, Daniel J.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Hamel, Paul B.] USDA Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Wodrey, Mark S.] Mississippi State Univ, Grand Bay Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Moss Pt, MS 39562 USA. RP Twedt, DJ (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 2524 S Frontage Rd,Suite C, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM dtwedt@usgs.gov OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2008)7[11:WBPSAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 286ZP UT WOS:000254885900002 ER PT J AU Graham, JH Krzysik, AJ Kovacic, DA Duda, JJ Freeman, DC Emlen, JM Zak, JC Long, WR Wallace, MP Chamberlin-Graham, C Nutter, JP Balbach, HE AF Graham, John H. Krzysik, Anthony J. Kovacic, David A. Duda, Jeffrey J. Freeman, D. Carl Emlen, John M. Zak, John C. Long, W. Russell Wallace, Michael P. Chamberlin-Graham, Catherine Nutter, Jonathan P. Balbach, Hal E. TI Ant Community Composition Across a Gradient of Disturbed Military Landscapes at Fort Benning, Georgia SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; FLORIDA UPLAND ECOSYSTEMS; SOIL TEXTURE; BODY-SIZE; LAND-USE; RECOLONIZATION PATTERNS; HABITAT; FORMICIDAE; FOREST; HYMENOPTERA AB Military training, soil texture, and ground cover influence ant communities at Fort Benning, a military installation in west-central Georgia. We sampled 81,237 ground-dwelling ants (47 species in 20 genera) with pitfall traps at 40 sites on a continuum from nearly pristine forest to highly disturbed training areas. We also measured 15 environmental variables related to vegetation and soil. Sites disturbed by military training had fewer trees, less canopy cover, more bare ground, and more compact soils with shallower A-horizons than comparable undisturbed sites. Pheidole bicarinata, Dorymyrmex smithi, and Pogonomyrmex badius dominated the most highly disturbed sites. Competitively submissive myrmicines, such as Aphaenogaster and Cremalogaster, and formicines, such as Camponotus and Formica, were abundant in the undisturbed sites. Solenopsis invicta occurred in all but the least disturbed sites. Ant community composition was a useful indicator of disturbance at Fort Benning. C1 [Graham, John H.; Long, W. Russell; Chamberlin-Graham, Catherine; Nutter, Jonathan P.] Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. [Krzysik, Anthony J.] Prescott Coll, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. [Kovacic, David A.; Wallace, Michael P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Landscape Architecture, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.; Emlen, John M.] Western Fisheries Res Ctr, USGS Biol Resources Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Freeman, D. Carl] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Zak, John C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Balbach, Hal E.] USA, ERDC CERL, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Graham, JH (reprint author), Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. EM jgraham@berry.edu RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009; OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634; Graham, John/0000-0003-1974-132X FU SERDP (Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program) [CS- 1114B]; Ecosystem Management Project (SEMP); US Department of Defense, Department of Energy,; Environmental Protection Agency FX This research is a component of the Development of Ecological Indicator Guilds for Land Management. project CS- 1114B, sponsored by SERDP (Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program), and is part of the SEKDP Ecosystem Management Project (SEMP). SERDP is a joint program of the US Department of Defense, Department of Energy, and Environmental Protection Agency. Student research assistants of J.H. Graham as well as other costs were funded, in part, by Berry College. Michelle Brown and Lorence Pascoe helped with the fieldwork. In addition, we thank Pete Swiderek, Theresa Davo, and John Brent of Fort Benning, and Hugh Westbury and Patti Kosky of SERDP-SEMP for helping, LIS to Choose sites and to coordinate our work with Fort Benning Range Control. Natural Resources and Fish and Wildlife branches at Fort Benning provided the fire data. Mark Deyrup, Stefan Cover. William Mackay, Jaines Trager, and Joshua King offered numerous suggestions on ant taxonomy, identification, and natural history. Andrea Woodward and Joe MacGown provided useful comments on the manuscript. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute ail official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Interior or the United States Geologic Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2008 VL 7 IS 3 BP 429 EP 448 DI 10.1656/1528-7092-7.3.429 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 357XA UT WOS:000259879300004 ER PT J AU Grabowski, TB Isely, JJ AF Grabowski, Timothy B. Isely, J. Jeffrey TI Size of Spawning Population, Residence Time, and Territory Shifts of Individuals in the Spawning Aggregation of a Riverine Catostomid SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SUCKERS CATOSTOMIDAE; EPINEPHELUS-GUTTATUS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SAVANNA RIVER; HABITAT; REEF; STRIATUS; GEORGIA; THREATS; FISHES AB Little is known about the behavior of individual fish in a spawning aggregation, specifically how long ail individual remains in an aggregation. We monitored Moxostoma robustum (Cope) (Robust Redhorse) in a Savannah River spawning aggregation during spring 2004 and 2005 to provide an estimate of the total number of adults and the number of males comprising the aggregation and to determine male residence time and movements within a spawning aggregation. Robust Redhorse were captured using prepostioned grid electrofishers, identified to sex, weighed, measured, and implanted with a passive integrated transponder. Spawning aggregation size was estimated using a multiple census mark-and-recapture procedure. The spawning aggregation seemed to consist of approximately the same number of individuals (82-85) and males (50-56) during both years of this Study. Individual males were present for a mean of 3.6 +/- 0.24 days (+/- SE) during the 12-day spawning period. The mean distance between successive recaptures of individual males was 15.9 +/- 1.29 in (+/- SE). We conclude that males establish spawning territories on a daily basis and are present within the spawning aggregation for at least 3-4 days. The relatively short duration of the aggregation may be the result of ail extremely small population of adults. However, the behavior of individuals has the potential to influence Population estimates made while fish arc aggregated for spawning. C1 [Grabowski, Timothy B.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Isely, J. Jeffrey] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Grabowski, TB (reprint author), Univ Iceland, Inst Biol, Sturlugata 7, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. EM tbg@hi.is NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2008 VL 7 IS 3 BP 475 EP 482 DI 10.1656/1528-7092-7.3.475 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 357XA UT WOS:000259879300007 ER PT J AU Wine, MS Weston, MR Johnson, RL AF Wine, Mitchell S. Weston, Michael R. Johnson, Ronald L. TI Density Dynamics of a Threatened Species of Darter at Spatial and Temporal Scales SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ETHEOSTOMA-MOOREI RANEY; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; RED-RIVER; ARKANSAS; STREAM; IMPOUNDMENT; PERCIDAE; BEHAVIOR; SAMPLER; SUTTKUS AB Etheostoma moorei (Yellowcheek Darter), a candidate species for federal listing, is endemic and obligate to headwater riffles of the upper Little Red River drainage in north central Arkansas. Downstream segments of these tributaries were inundated in 1964 as a result of filling of Greers Ferry Reservoir. We compared riffle densities during drought (1999-2001) and non-drought periods (2003-2004), and to historic data (1979-1980). Upstream sites dried periodically during the drought or 1999-2001, and Yellowcheek Darters occupying those sites were extirpated; even at downstream sites, densities were significantly lower than historical levels. During normal precipitation levels during 2003-2004, densities increased significantly, yet several upstream sites and one complete stream remained extirpated. The loss of downstream refugia as a result of the construction of Greers Ferry Darn in 1964 may exacerbate natural climatic cycles, which include drought, resulting in stream-wide extirpations. C1 [Weston, Michael R.; Johnson, Ronald L.] Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Wine, Mitchell S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arkansas Ecol Serv Field Off, Conway, AR 72032 USA. RP Johnson, RL (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. EM rlj@astate.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service FX Financial support was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank G. Harp, S. Blumenshine, R. Nilius, S. Rogers, S. Shoults, and B. Wagner for technical support, and R. Mitchell, T. Harmon, S. Fowler, L. Hodgens, J. Gore, N. Bickford, J. Fullington, K. Gillespie, B. Intres, M. Johnson, A. Peck, T. Sanders, M. Trevino, C. Dawes, and C. Weston for assistance with collection. We also thank G. Harp, C. Davidson, R. Mitchell, and additional, anonymous reviewers for improving the quality of this manuscript. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2008 VL 7 IS 4 BP 665 EP 678 DI 10.1656/1528-7092-7.4.665 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 383VV UT WOS:000261703200009 ER PT S AU Chouet, B Dawson, P Martini, M AF Chouet, Bernard Dawson, Phillip Martini, Marcello BE Calvari, S Inguaggiato, S Puglisi, G Ripepe, M Rosi, M TI Upper Conduit Structure and Explosion Dynamics at Stromboli SO STROMBOLI VOLCANO: AN INTEGRATED STUDY OF THE 2002-2003 ERUPTION SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FLUID-DRIVEN CRACK; VOLCANO; TREMOR AB Modeling of very long period seismic data recorded during explosive activity at Stromboli in 1997 provides an image of the uppermost 1 km of its volcanic plumbing system. Two distinct dike-like conduit structures are identified, each representative of explosive eruptions from two different vents located near the northern and southern perimeters of the summit crater. Inferred volumetric changes in the dikes are viewed as the result of a piston-like action of the magma associated with the disruption of a gas slug transiting through discontinuities in the dike apertures. Accompanying these volumetric source components are single vertical forces resulting from an exchange of linear momentum between the source and the Earth. In the dike system underlying the northern vent, a primary disruption site is inferred at an elevation near 440 m where a bifurcation in the conduit occurs. At a depth of 80 m below sea level (bsl), a sharp corner in the conduit marks another location where the elastic response of the solid to the action of the upper source induces pressure and momentum changes in the magma. In the conduit underlying the southern vent, the junction of two inclined dikes with a subvertical dike at 520 m of elevation is a primary site of gas slug disruption, and another conduit corner 280 m bsl represents a coupling location between the elastic response of the solid and fluid motion. C1 [Chouet, Bernard; Dawson, Phillip] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Martini, Marcello] Osserv Vesuviano, I-80124 Naples, Italy. RP Chouet, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM chouet@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-447-4 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2008 VL 182 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1029/182GM08 D2 10.1029/GM182 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BOG51 UT WOS:000276576600008 ER PT S AU Spampinato, L Calvari, S Harris, AJL Dehn, J AF Spampinato, Letizia Calvari, Sonia Harris, Andrew J. L. Dehn, Jonathan BE Calvari, S Inguaggiato, S Puglisi, G Ripepe, M Rosi, M TI Evolution of the Lava Flow Field by Daily Thermal and Visible Airborne Surveys SO STROMBOLI VOLCANO: AN INTEGRATED STUDY OF THE 2002-2003 ERUPTION SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STROMBOLI-VOLCANO; ETNA ERUPTION; MORPHOLOGY; INSIGHTS; EXAMPLE; GROWTH; TUMULI; FLANK AB On 28 December 2002, an effusive flank eruption started at Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy). This lasted until 22 July 2003 and produced two lava flow fields that were emplaced onto the steep slopes of Sciara del Fuoco. The first flow field was fed by a vent that opened at 500 m elevation and was active between 30 December 2002 and 15 February 2003. The second was supplied by a vent at 670 m and was emplaced mainly between 15 February and 22 July 2003. Here we review the lava flow field emplacement based on daily thermal and visual surveys. The variable slopes on which the lava flowed yielded an uncommon flow field morphology. This resulted in a lava shield in the proximal area where flow stacking and inflation caused piling up of lava due to the relatively flat ground. The proximal area was characterized by a complex network of tumuli and associated tube-fed flows. The medial-distal lava flow field was emplaced on an extremely steep zone. This area showed persistent flow front crumbling, producing a debris field on which emplaced lava flows formed lava channels with excavated debris levees. This eruption provided an exceptional opportunity to examine the evolution of lava flow fields emplaced on steep slopes and proved the usefulness of thermal imagers for safe and efficient monitoring of the active lava flows. In addition, thermal monitoring allowed calculation of quantitative parameters, such as effusion rate, allowing constraint of the time varying nature of supply to this eruption. C1 [Spampinato, Letizia; Calvari, Sonia] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Spampinato, Letizia] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England. [Harris, Andrew J. L.] Univ Hawaii, HIGP SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Dehn, Jonathan] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Spampinato, L (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Catania, Piazza Roma 2, I-95123 Catania, Italy. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-447-4 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2008 VL 182 BP 201 EP 211 DI 10.1029/182GM17 D2 10.1029/GM182 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BOG51 UT WOS:000276576600017 ER PT S AU Wolflin, JP AF Wolflin, John P. BE Gonenc, IE Vadineanu, A Wolflin, JP Russo, RC TI Chesapeake Bay program - A watershed approach to management SO SUSTAINABLE USE AND DEVELOPMENT OF WATERSHEDS SE Nato Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sustainable Use and Development of Watersheds for Human Security and Peace CY OCT 22-26, 2007 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP NATO SPS (NFA) DE Chesapeake Bay; Chesapeake Bay program; watershed management; sustainable management AB The Chesapeake Bay Program is a unique regional partnership that directs and conducts conservation actions in the Chesapeake Bay watershed directed at sustainable use and development. It brings together local, state, and federal governments; non-profit organizations; watershed residents; and the region's leading academic institutions in a partnership effort for protection, restoration, and application of sustainable management of the Bay. Those involved in the Chesapeake Bay Program have committed to a partnership directed at reducing pollution, restoring habitat, and sustainably management principles. This paper presents the history of this partnership and a description of its organization, identification of sustainable management principles and the Bay Program goals, an assessment of the health of the Bay, and status report on the progress toward sustainable management. C1 [Wolflin, John P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-8556-7 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2008 BP 435 EP 451 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8558-1_28 PG 17 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Management; Planning & Development; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering; Business & Economics; Public Administration; Water Resources GA BIB35 UT WOS:000258124000028 ER PT S AU Wolflin, JP Russo, RC Burak, S Karakaya, N Orbi, A Razinkovas, A Toktoraliev, B Uzun, G Salas, J Amanaliev, M Messahel, M Haci, M Lagutov, V Torun, Y AF Wolflin, John P. Russo, Rosemarie C. Burak, Selmin Karakaya, Nusret Orbi, Abdellatif Razinkovas, Arturas Toktoraliev, Biimyrza Uzun, Guven Salas, Jessica Amanaliev, Mars Messahel, Mekki Haci, Mihriban Lagutov, Viktor Torun, Yasin BE Gonenc, IE Vadineanu, A Wolflin, JP Russo, RC TI Decision making, policy and financing SO SUSTAINABLE USE AND DEVELOPMENT OF WATERSHEDS SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sustainable Use and Development of Watersheds for Human Security and Peace CY OCT 22-26, 2007 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP NATO SPS (NFA) C1 [Wolflin, John P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Annopolis, MD 21401 USA. [Russo, Rosemarie C.] Georgia Oklahoma Ctr Res Environm, Athens, GA USA. [Burak, Selmin] Istanbul Univ, Inst Marine Sci & Mgmt, Istanbul, Turkey. [Karakaya, Nusret] Namik Kemal Univ, Environm Engn Dept, Tekirdag, Turkey. [Orbi, Abdellatif] Inst Nat Recherche Halieutique, Casablanca, Morocco. [Razinkovas, Arturas] Klaipeda Univ, Klaipeda, Lithuania. [Toktoraliev, Biimyrza] Osh Technol Univ, Osh, Kyrgyzstan. [Uzun, Guven; Haci, Mihriban; Torun, Yasin] Istanbul Water & Sewage Adm, Istanbul, Turkey. [Salas, Jessica] Kahublagan Sang Panimalay Foundat, Davao, Philippines. [Amanaliev, Mars] Ministry Emerg Situat, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan. [Messahel, Mekki] Governor World Water Council, Brisbane, Algeria. [Lagutov, Viktor] Ctr European Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Budapest, Hungary. RP Wolflin, JP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Annopolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-8556-7 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2008 BP 513 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8558-1_31 PG 4 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Management; Planning & Development; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering; Business & Economics; Public Administration; Water Resources GA BIB35 UT WOS:000258124000031 ER PT S AU Hladik, ML Kuivila, KM AF Hladik, Michelle L. Kuivila, Kathryn M. BE Gan, J Spurlock, F Hendley, P Weston, DP TI Occurrence of Pyrethroids in Bed and Suspended Sediments in California SO SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthetic Pyrethroids and Surface Water Quality held at the 232nd ACS National Meeting CY SEP 10-14, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agrochem ID CENTRAL VALLEY; TOXICITY; PESTICIDES AB Pyrethroids have been detected in sediments collected over the past decade from a variety of California locations. While most published studies sampled in close proximity to pyrethroid application, the studies included in this chapter focused on watersheds located farther from pyrethroid sources. The four watersheds in this chapter varied considerably in size (1100,000 km(2)) and included both agricultural and urban land use. Four pyrethroids (bifenthrin, X-cyhalothrin, T-fluvalinate and permethrin) were detected in bed and suspended sediments. Bifenthrin and permethrin were detected the most frequently and at the highest concentrations, with maximum concentrations of 24 and 70 ng/g dry weight, respectively. Occurrences of individual pyrethroids were correlated to higher use in some but not all cases. C1 [Hladik, Michelle L.; Kuivila, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Hladik, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. OI Hladik, Michelle/0000-0002-0891-2712 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7433-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2008 VL 991 BP 55 EP 71 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BLH67 UT WOS:000270195300003 ER PT S AU Blodgett, RB Stanley, GD AF Blodgett, Robert B. Stanley, George D., Jr. BE Blodgett, RB Stanley, GD TI The Terrane Puzzle: New Perspectives on Paleontology and Stratigraphy from the North American Cordillera, GSA Special Papers 442, 2008 Introduction SO TERRANE PUZZLE: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY FROM THE NORTH AMERICAN CORDILLERA SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID CANADIAN CORDILLERA; WRANGELLIA; PACIFIC; BIVALVES; STIKINIA; ALASKA; PLATE C1 [Blodgett, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Stanley, George D., Jr.] Univ Montana, Paleontol Ctr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Blodgett, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rblodgett@usgs.gov; george.stanley@umontana.edu; rblodgett@usgs.gov; george.stanley@umontana.edu NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2442-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2008 VL 442 BP V EP VIII DI 10.1130/2008.442(00) PG 4 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLX57 UT WOS:000271297700002 ER PT S AU Rohr, DM Blodgett, RB AF Rohr, David M. Blodgett, Robert B. BE Blodgett, RB Stanley, GD TI Silurian Gastropoda from the Alexander Terrane, southeast Alaska SO TERRANE PUZZLE: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY FROM THE NORTH AMERICAN CORDILLERA SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Alaska; gastropods; terranes; Ludlow; Prince of Wales Island ID WEST-CENTRAL ALASKA AB Gastropods are described from Ludlow-age strata of the Heceta Limestone on Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska. They are part of a diverse megabenthic fauna of the Alexander terrane, an accreted terrane of Siberian or Uralian affinities. Heceta Limestone gastropods with Uralian affinities include Kirkospira glacialis, which closely resembles "Pleurotomaria" lindstromi Oehlert of Chernyshev, 1893, Retispira cf. R. volgulica (Chernyshev, 1893), and Medfracaulus turriformis (Chernyshev, 1893). Medfracaulus and similar morphotypes such as Coelocaulus karlae are unknown from rocks that are unquestionably part of the North American continent (Laurentia) during Late Silurian time. Beraunia is previously known only from the Silurian of Bohemia. Pachystrophia has previously been reported only from western North American terranes (Eastern Klamath, York, and Farewell terranes) and Europe. Bathmopterus Kirk, 1928, is resurrected and is only known from the Silurian of southeast Alaska. Newly described taxa include Hecetastoma gehrelsi n. gen. and n. sp. and Baichtalia tongassensis n. gen. and n. sp. C1 [Rohr, David M.] Sul Ross State Univ, Dept Earth & Phys Sci, Alpine, TX 79832 USA. [Blodgett, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Rohr, DM (reprint author), Sul Ross State Univ, Dept Earth & Phys Sci, Alpine, TX 79832 USA. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2442-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2008 VL 442 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1130/2008.442(03) PG 11 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLX57 UT WOS:000271297700004 ER PT S AU Boucot, AJ Poole, FG Amaya-Martinez, R Harris, AG Sandberg, CA Page, WR AF Boucot, Arthur J. Poole, Forrest G. Amaya-Martinez, Ricardo Harris, Anita G. Sandberg, Charles A. Page, William R. BE Blodgett, RB Stanley, GD TI Devonian brachiopods of southwesternmost Laurentia: Biogeographic affinities and tectonic significance SO TERRANE PUZZLE: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY FROM THE NORTH AMERICAN CORDILLERA SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Appohimchi Subprovince; Devonian brachiopods and conodonts; Sonora; biogeography ID ORIGIN AB Three brachiopod faunas discussed herein record different depositional and tectonic settings along the southwestern margin of Laurentia (North America) during Devonian time. Depositional settings include inner continental shelf (Cerros de Los Murcielagos), medial continental shelf (Rancho Placeritos), and offshelf continental rise ( Rancho Los Chinos). Ages of Devonian brachiopod faunas include middle Early (Pragian) at Rancho Placeritos in west-central Sonora, late Middle (Givetian) at Cerros de Los Murcielagos in northwestern Sonora, and late Late (Famennian) at Rancho Los Chinos in central Sonora. The brachiopods of these three faunas, as well as the gastropod Orecopia, are easily recognized in outcrop and thus are useful for local and regional correlations. Pragian brachiopods dominated by Acrospirifer and Meristella in the "San Miguel Formation" at Rancho Placeritos represent the widespread Appohimchi Subprovince of eastern and southern Laurentia. Conodonts of the early to middle Pragian sulcatus to kindlei Zones associated with the brachiopods confirm the ages indicated by the brachiopod fauna and provide additional information on the depositional setting of the Devonian strata. Biostratigraphic distribution of the Appohimchi brachiopod fauna indicates continuous Early Devonian shelf deposition along the entire southern margin of Laurentia. The largely emergent southwest-trending Transcontinental arch apparently formed a barrier preventing migration and mixing of many genera and species of brachiopods from the southern shelf of Laurentia in northern Mexico to the western shelf (Cordilleran miogeocline) in the western United States. Middle Devonian Stringocephalus brachiopods and Late Devonian Orecopia gastropods in the "Los Murcielagos Formation" in northwest Sonora represent the southwesternmost occurrence of these genera in North America and date the host rocks as Givetian and Frasnian, respectively. Rhynchonelloid brachiopods (Dzieduszyckia sonora) and associated worm tubes in the Los Pozos Formation of the Sonora allochthon in central Sonora are also found in stratiform-barite facies in the upper Upper Devonian (Famennian) part of the Slaven Chert in the Roberts Mountains allochthon ( upper plate) of central and western Nevada. Although these brachiopods and worm tubes occur in similar depositional settings along the margin of Laurentia in Mexico, they occur in allochthons that exhibit different tectonic styles and times of emplacement. Thus, the allochthons containing the brachiopods and worm tubes in Sonora and Nevada are parts of separate orogenic belts and have different geographic settings and tectonic histories. Devonian facies belts and faunas in northern Mexico indicate a continuous continental shelf along the entire southern margin of Laurentia. These data, in addition to the continuity of the late Paleozoic Ouachita-Marathon-Sonora orogen across northern Mexico, contradict the early Late Jurassic Mojave-Sonora megashear as a viable hypothesis for large-magnitude offset (600-1100 km) of Proterozoic through Middle Jurassic rocks from California to Sonora. C1 [Boucot, Arthur J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Poole, Forrest G.; Sandberg, Charles A.; Page, William R.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Amaya-Martinez, Ricardo] Univ Sonora, Dept Geol, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. RP Boucot, AJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2442-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2008 VL 442 BP 77 EP 97 DI 10.1130/2008.442(05) PG 21 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLX57 UT WOS:000271297700006 ER PT S AU Fryda, J Blodgett, RB AF Fryda, Jiri Blodgett, Robert B. BE Blodgett, RB Stanley, GD TI Paleobiogeographic affinities of Emsian (late Early Devonian) gastropods from Farewell terrane (west-central Alaska) SO TERRANE PUZZLE: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY FROM THE NORTH AMERICAN CORDILLERA SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Gastropoda; Devonian; Farewell terrane; Alaska; paleobiogeography ID SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; ALEXANDER TERRANE; 1ST RECOGNITION; NORTH-AMERICA; ORDOVICIAN; PHYLOGENY; GENERA; BIOGEOGRAPHY; TRILOBITES AB The vast majority of Emsian gastropods from Limestone Mountain, Medfra B-4 quadrangle, west-central Alaska (Farewell terrane) belong to species with lecithotrophic larval strategy. The present data show that there is no significant difference in the paleobiogeographic distribution of Emsian gastropod genera with lecithotrophic and planktotrophic larval strategies. Numerical analysis of the faunal affinities of the Emsian gastropod fauna from the Farewell terrane reveals that this terrane has much stronger faunal connections to regions like Variscan Europe, eastern Australia, and the Alexander terrane of southeast Alaska than to cratonic North America (Laurentia). The Canadian Arctic Islands is the only region of cratonic North America (Laurentia) that shows significant faunal affinities to the Emsian gastropod faunas of the Farewell terrane. The analysis also indicates a close faunal link between the Farewell and Alexander terranes. Published paleontological and geological data suggest that the Farewell and Alexander terranes represents tectonic entities that have been rifted away from the Siberia, Baltica, or the paleo-Pacifi c margin of Australia. The results of the present numerical analysis are not in conflict with any of these possibilities. However, the principle of spatial continuity of the wandering path prefers Siberia as the most probable "parental" paleocontinent for the derivation of both the Farewell and Alexander terranes. C1 [Blodgett, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Fryda, Jiri] Czech Geol Survey, Prague 11821 1, Czech Republic. RP Blodgett, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rblodgett@usgs.gov RI Fryda, Jiri/C-3319-2008 OI Fryda, Jiri/0000-0003-2410-3293 NR 100 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2442-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2008 VL 442 BP 107 EP 120 DI 10.1130/2008.442(07) PG 14 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLX57 UT WOS:000271297700008 ER PT S AU Poole, FG Gehrels, GE Stewart, JH AF Poole, Forrest G. Gehrels, George E. Stewart, John H. BE Blodgett, RB Stanley, GD TI Significance of detrital zircons in Upper Devonian ocean-basin strata of the Sonora allochthon and Lower Permian synorogenic strata of the Mina Mexico foredeep, central Sonora, Mexico SO TERRANE PUZZLE: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY FROM THE NORTH AMERICAN CORDILLERA SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Southwest Laurentia; Paleozoic stratigraphy and tectonics; sediment provenance; geochronology; Sonora allochthon; Permian foredeep ID PROTEROZOIC BASEMENT; EUGEOCLINAL STRATA; FLORIDA MOUNTAINS; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; PROVENANCE; GEOCHRONOLOGY; PROVINCE; SYSTEMS AB U-Pb isotopic dating of detrital zircons from a conglomeratic barite sandstone in the Sonora allochthon and a calciclastic sandstone in the Mina Mexico foredeep of the Minas de Barita area reveals two main age groups in the Upper Devonian part of the Los Pozos Formation, 1.73-1.65 Ga and 1.44-1.42 Ga; and three main age groups in the Lower Permian part of the Mina Mexico Formation, 1.93-1.91 Ga, 1.45-1.42 Ga, and 1.1-1.0 Ga. Small numbers of zircons with ages of 2.72-2.65 Ga, 1.30-1.24 Ga, ca. 2.46 Ga, ca. 1.83 Ga, and ca. 0.53 Ga are also present in the Los Pozos sandstone. Detrital zircons ranging in age from 1.73 to 1.65 Ga are considered to have been derived from the Yavapai, Mojave, and Mazatzal Provinces and their transition zones of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. The 1.45-1.30 Ga detrital zircons were probably derived from scattered granite bodies within the Mojave and Mazatzal basement rocks in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, and possibly from the Southern and Eastern Granite-Rhyolite Provinces of the southern United States. The 1.24-1.0 Ga detrital zircons are believed to have been derived from the Grenville (Llano) Province to the east and northeast or from Grenvilleage intrusions or anatectites to the north. Several detrital zircon ages ranging from 2.72 to 1.91 Ga were probably derived originally from the Archean Wyoming Province and Early Paleoproterozoic rocks of the Lake Superior region. These older detrital zircons most likely have been recycled one or more times into the Paleozoic sandstones of central Sonora. The 0.53 Ga zircon is believed to have been derived from a Lower Cambrian granitoid or metamorphic rock northeast of central Sonora, possibly in New Mexico and Colorado, or Oklahoma. Detrital zircon geochronology suggests that most of the detritus in both samples was derived from Laurentia to the north, whereas some detritus in the Permian synorogenic foredeep sequence was derived from the evolving accretionary wedge to the south. Compositional and sedimentological differences between the continental-rise Los Pozos conglomeratic barite sandstone and the foredeep Mina Mexico calciclastic sandstone imply different depositional and tectonic settings. C1 [Poole, Forrest G.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Gehrels, George E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Stewart, John H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Poole, FG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2442-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2008 VL 442 BP 121 EP 131 DI 10.1130/2008.442(08) PG 11 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLX57 UT WOS:000271297700009 ER PT J AU Samish, M Ginsberg, H Glazer, I AF Samish, M. Ginsberg, H. Glazer, I. BE Bowman, AS Nuttall, PA TI Anti-tick biological control agents: assessment and future perspectives SO TICKS: BIOLOGY, DISEASE AND CONTROL LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; FUNGI BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; IXODIPHAGUS-HOOKERI HYMENOPTERA; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS ACARI; AMBLYOMMA-CAJENNENSE FABRICIUS; RHIPICEPHALUS-SANGUINEUS ACARI; DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS ACARI; RED-BILLED OXPECKERS; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES C1 [Samish, M.] Kimron Vet Inst, Div Parasitol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Ginsberg, H.] Univ Rhode Isl, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Glazer, I.] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Samish, M (reprint author), Kimron Vet Inst, Div Parasitol, POB 12, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. NR 212 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-86761-0 PY 2008 BP 447 EP 469 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511551802.021 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511551802 PG 23 WC Entomology; Parasitology SC Entomology; Parasitology GA BDX36 UT WOS:000315527800021 ER PT J AU Meador, MR Whittier, TR Goldstein, RM Hughes, RM Peck, DV AF Meador, Michael R. Whittier, Thomas R. Goldstein, Robert M. Hughes, Robert M. Peck, David V. TI Evaluation of an index of biotic integrity approach used to assess biological condition in western US streams and rivers at varying spatial scales SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; WISCONSIN STREAMS; SPECIES TRAITS; WATER-QUALITY; ASSEMBLAGES; OREGON; VALUES; IBI AB Consistent assessments of biological condition are needed across multiple ecoregions to provide a greater understanding of the spatial extent of environmental degradation. However, consistent assessments at large geographic scales are often hampered by lack of uniformity in data collection, analyses, and interpretation. The index of biotic integrity (IBI) has been widely used in eastern and central North America, where fish assemblages are complex and largely composed of native species, but IBI development has been hindered in the western United States because of relatively low fish species richness and greater relative abundance of alien fishes. Approaches to developing IBIs rarely provide a consistent means of assessing biological condition across multiple ecoregions. We conducted an evaluation of IBIs recently proposed for three ecoregions of the western United States using an independent data set covering a large geographic scale. We standardized the regional IBIs and developed biological condition criteria, assessed the responsiveness of IBIs to basin-level land uses, and assessed their precision and concordance with basin-scale IBIs. Standardized IBI scores from 318 sites in the western United States comprising mountain, plains, and xeric ecoregions were significantly related to combined urban and agricultural land uses. Standard deviations and coefficients of variation revealed relatively low variation in IBI scores based on multiple sampling reaches at sites. A relatively high degree of corroboration with independent, locally developed IBIs indicates that the regional IBIs are robust across large geographic scales, providing precise and accurate assessments of biological condition for western U.S. streams. C1 [Meador, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Whittier, Thomas R.; Goldstein, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Goldstein, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. [Peck, David V.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Meador, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mrmeador@usgs.gov NR 68 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 137 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1577/T07-054.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274YV UT WOS:000254039600002 ER PT J AU Riley, SC Evans, AN AF Riley, Stephen C. Evans, Allison N. TI Phylogenetic and ecological characteristics associated with thiaminase activity in Laurentian Great Lakes fishes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; CEREBROCORTICAL NECROSIS; DEFICIENCY DISEASE; AFFECTED ANIMALS; SALMONINES; TROUT; DIET; PERSPECTIVE; RUMINANTS; TELEOSTEI AB Thiamine deficiency complex (TDC) causes mortality and sublethal effects in Great Lakes salmonines and results from low concentrations of egg thiamine that are thought to be caused by thiaminolytic enzymes (i.e., thiaminase) present in the diet. This complex has the potential to undermine efforts to restore lake trout Salvelinus namay-cush and severely restrict salmonid production in the Great Lakes. Although thiaminase has been found in a variety of Great Lakes fishes, the ultimate source of thiaminase in Great Lakes fishes is currently unknown. We used logistic regression analysis to investigate relationships between thiaminase activity and phylogenetic or ecological characteristics of 39 Great Lakes fish species. The taxonomically more ancestral species were more likely to show thiaminase activity than the more derived species. Species that feed at lower trophic levels and occupy benthic habitats also appeared to be more likely to show thiaminase activity; these variables were correlated with taxonomy, which was the most important predictor of thiaminase activity. Further analyses of the relationship between quantitative measures of thiaminase activity and ecological characteristics of Great Lakes fish species would provide greater insight into potential sources and pathways of thiaminase in Great Lakes food webs. C1 [Riley, Stephen C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Evans, Allison N.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Riley, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM sriley@usgs.gov NR 70 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 137 IS 1 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1577/T06-210.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274YV UT WOS:000254039600012 ER PT J AU Duffy, EJ Beauchamp, DA AF Duffy, Elisabeth J. Beauchamp, David A. TI Seasonal patterns of predation on juvenile Pacific salmon by anadromous cutthroat trout in Puget Sound SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; EARLY MARINE GROWTH; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; LAKE WASHINGTON; PINK SALMON; BIOENERGETICS APPROACH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; OCEAN GROWTH; LIFE-HISTORY AB In the marine environment, Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. suffer the greatest natural losses during early marine residence, and predation is hypothesized to be the key source of mortality during this life history stage. In the face of recent declines in Puget Sound salmon populations, our goal was to determine the extent of predation mortality on salmon during early marine life. In spring and summer of 2001-2003, we caught juvenile salmon and potential predators at nearshore areas in northern and southern regions of Puget Sound, Washington. We focused on the potential predation impact of coastal cutthroat trout O. clarkii clarkii, which were caught in low but consistent numbers in both regions and were the most abundant large-bodied potential predators of juvenile salmon in our catches. Cutthroat trout consumed a diverse and dynamic array of diet items and became increasingly piscivorous with increasing fork length above 140 mm. Cutthroat trout consumed a greater biomass of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii than any other prey fish species, but juvenile salmon were particularly important prey between April and June, making up greater than 50% of the fish prey consumed. Cutthroat trout exhibited size-selective predation, eating salmon that were smaller than the average size of conspecific prey available in the environment. For a hypothetical size-structured population of 1,000 cutthroat trout, pink salmon O. gorbuscha and chum salmon O. keta contributed the greatest number of salmon to the diet but Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha contributed the greatest salmonid biomass. On an order-of-magnitude basis, these predation estimates represented a relatively minor amount of early marine mortality for Chinook salmon and lower rates for the other salmon species. Conversely, juvenile salmon contributed significantly to the spring energy budget for cutthroat trout in Puget Sound. C1 [Duffy, Elisabeth J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Duffy, EJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM ejduffy@u.washington.edu NR 68 TC 21 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 137 IS 1 BP 165 EP 181 DI 10.1577/T07-049.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274YV UT WOS:000254039600014 ER PT J AU Scott, MK Magoulick, DD AF Scott, Mandy K. Magoulick, Daniel D. TI Swimming performance of five warmwater stream fish species SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WATER VELOCITIES; SOCKEYE SALMON; STORM FLOW; SPEED; ASSEMBLAGES; SIZE; DISPLACEMENT; ORGANIZATION; ABILITY; TROUT AB Swimming ability of fish species may help explain their persistence or absence in flood-disturbed streams. We used two artificial stream channels with low-complexity (smooth Plexiglas) and high-complexity (rocks glued onto Plexiglas) substrates to determine critical swim speeds (U-crit, cm/s) and examine flood resistance behavior of central stonerollers Campostoma anomalum, cardinal shiners Luxilus cardinalis, orangethroat darters Etheostoma spectabile, green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus, and longear sunfish L. megalotis. In the low-complexity treatment, central stonerollers and cardinal shiners had significantly higher U-crit than the other species, and orangethroat darters had significantly higher U-crit than the sunfish species did. In the high-complexity treatment, the U-crit Of central stonerollers was significantly higher than that of green sunfish, whereas those for all other species did not differ significantly. Flood resistance behavior was measured using relative velocity (i.e., a fish's chosen velocity relative to the average flume velocity). Cardinal shiners and longear sunfish chose velocities that were significantly lower than the average flume velocity in the smooth flume at U-crit. Orangethroat darters and green sunfish chose lower-than-average velocities in the complex-substrate flume at one-half of U-crit, No other species exhibited significant patch selection within the flume. Our results suggest that the swimming ability of central stonerollers may give them an advantage over other species during high flows in low-complexity substrates, whereas sunfishes and orangethroat darters are better able to use high-complexity substrates as velocity refugia during high flows. C1 [Scott, Mandy K.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Magoulick, Daniel D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Scott, MK (reprint author), Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Inland Fisheries Div, 3407-A S Chadbourne, San Angelo, TX 76904 USA. EM mandy.scott@tpwd.state.tx.us NR 38 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 137 IS 1 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1577/T06-278.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274YV UT WOS:000254039600017 ER PT J AU Sweka, JA Hartman, KJ AF Sweka, Johp A. Hartman, Kyle J. TI Contribution of terrestrial invertebrates to yearly brook trout prey consumption and growth SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Perspectives in Fish Energetics - A Return to Academic Nursery Grounds CY 2004 CL Madison, WI SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID FOOD-CONSUMPTION; RAINBOW-TROUT; GASTRIC EVACUATION; HEADWATER STREAM; CUTTHROAT TROUT; MOUNTAIN STREAM; BIOMASS; LENGTH; DRIFT; POPULATION AB Terrestrial invertebrates are an important component of stream fish diets, especially during the summer months, when aquatic invertebrates are limited. The seasonal diet composition of the brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis inhabiting two West Virginia streams was used in a bioenergetics model to simulate yearly prey consumption for two cohorts of age-1 brook trout in each stream. Baseline simulations were run by fitting the model to observed growth from June 2000 to June 200 1 for the first cohort and from June 2001 to June 2002 for the second cohort. Terrestrial invertebrate inputs can be negatively impacted by anthropogenic effects (e.g., timber harvest and pesticide application). To determine the degree to which growth would be suppressed by a reduction in terrestrial invertebrate consumption, we ran simulations in which the amount of terrestrial invertebrate consumption was reduced by 25, 50, 75, and 100%. Simulations were then run to determine the consumption of aquatic invertebrates that would be necessary to compensate for a reduction in terrestrial invertebrate consumption. The baseline simulations showed that terrestrial invertebrates accounted for 38-47% of the biomass consumed annually and 51-63% of the energy consumed. Reductions in the amount of terrestrial invertebrates in the diet of brook trout reduced growth; to maintain the same growth, brook trout would need to increase yearly consumption of aquatic invertebrates by more than 100% in the absence of terrestrial invertebrate input. These modeling results illustrate the importance of terrestrial invertebrates to headwater stream fish production, and managers need to recognize this energy source in assessing a stream's potential to support fish and in managing riparian forests. C1 [Sweka, Johp A.] NE Fisheries Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar, PA USA. [Hartman, Kyle J.] W Virginia Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Resources Program, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Sweka, JA (reprint author), NE Fisheries Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 75,227 Washington Ave, Lamar, PA USA. EM john_sweka@fws.gov NR 41 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 137 IS 1 BP 224 EP 235 DI 10.1577/T05-034.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274YV UT WOS:000254039600019 ER PT J AU Peterseni, JH Deangelas, DL Paukert, CP AF Peterseni, James H. Deangelas, Donald L. Paukert, Craig P. TI An overview of methods for developing bioenergetic and life history models for rare and endangered species SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Perspectives in Fish Energetics - A Return to Academic Nursery Grounds CY 2004 CL Madison, WI SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; WALLEYE STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; WATER TEMPERATURE-CHANGES; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; COLUMBIA RIVER; LAKE-MICHIGAN; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; SOUTHERN BENGUELA; LARGEMOUTH BASS; SOCKEYE-SALMON AB Many fish species are at risk to some degree, and conservation efforts are planned or underway to preserve sensitive populations. For many imperiled species, models could serve as useful tools for researchers and managers as they seek to understand individual growth, quantify predator-prey dynamics, and identify critical sources of mortality. Development and application of models for rare species however, has been constrained by small population sizes, difficulty in obtaining sampling permits, limited opportunities for funding, and regulations on how endangered species can be used in laboratory studies. Bioenergetic and life history models should help with endangered species-recovery planning since these types of models have been used successfully in the last 25 years to address management problems for many commercially and recreationally important fish species. In this paper we discuss five approaches to developing models and parameters for rare species. Borrowing model functions and parameters from related species is simple, but uncorroborated results can be misleading. Directly estimating parameters with laboratory studies may be possible for rare species that have locally abundant populations. Monte Carlo filtering can be used to estimate several parameters by means of performing simple laboratory growth experiments to first determine test criteria. Pattern-oriented modeling (POM) is a new and developing field of research that uses field-observed patterns to build, test, and parameterize models, Models developed using the POM approach are closely linked to field data, produce testable hypotheses, and require a close working relationship between modelers and empiricists. Artificial evolution in individual-based models can be used to gain insight into adaptive behaviors for poorly understood species and thus can fill in knowledge gaps. C1 [Paukert, Craig P.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Deangelas, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Florida Integrat Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Peterseni, James H.] US Geol Survey, W Fisheries Res Ctr, Cloumbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Paukert, CP (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 205 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM cpaukert@ksu.edu NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 137 IS 1 BP 244 EP 253 DI 10.1577/T05-045.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274YV UT WOS:000254039600021 ER PT J AU Vatland, S Budy, P Thiede, GP AF Vatland, Shane Budy, Phaedra Thiede, Gary P. TI A bioenergetics approach to modeling striped bass and threadfin shad predator-prey dynamics in Lake Powell, Utah-Arizona SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Perspectives in Fish Energetics - A Return to Academic Nursery Grounds CY 2004 CL Madison, WI SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID GIZZARD SHAD; CHESAPEAKE BAY; FISH ECOLOGY; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; RESERVOIR; GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; COMMUNITIES; ZOOPLANKTON AB An understanding of the mechanisms driving the cyclic relationship between piscivorous sport fish and their food base is needed in systems where predator and prey are tightly coupled. To understand the dynamics between striped bass Morone saxatilis and threadfin shad Dorosoma petenense in Lake Powell, Utah-Arizona, we (1) synthesized and evaluated 20 years of historical data on temperature, diet, growth, and abundance of these fish, (2) collected similar data on a finer scale in 2003-2004, (3) used components of this data set to develop specific conversions between coarser historic data and present data, and (4) modeled striped bass and threadfin shad dynamics within a bioenergetics framework. We estimated the consumption of threadfin shad by age-0, subadult, and adult striped bass in Lake Powell from 1985 to 2003. During this period, threadfin shad abundance peaked at approximately 5- to 7-year intervals and striped bass growth, condition, and abundance corresponded closely to peaks in threadfin shad foraging. Individual consumption of threadfin shad by striped bass was highest for adults followed by subadult and age-0 fish; scaling individual consumption up to the population level resulted in highly variable subadult consumption that fluctuated from highs of about 1.2 million kg (18.4 kg/ha) to lows of about 0.3 million kg (4.6 kg/ha) on a 1- to 2-year cycle. Despite these fluctuations, the consumption of threadfin shad was dominated by subadult striped bass, which appeared to control threadfin shad numbers in all but the highest peak years of shad abundance. Based on bioenergetics output, striped bass demonstrate a type 11 functional feeding response; consumption rates reach an asymptote when the threadfin shad biomass index exceeds 10,000 kg/year. We demonstrate a modeling approach that allowed us to evaluate the large fluctuations in predator and prey populations, which often become evident only over long time periods. Our results increase our understanding of the Lake Powell ecosystem and highlight areas for future study. C1 [Vatland, Shane; Budy, Phaedra; Thiede, Gary P.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Budy, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM phaedra.budy@usu.edu RI Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012 NR 70 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 137 IS 1 BP 262 EP 277 DI 10.1577/T05-146.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274YV UT WOS:000254039600023 ER PT J AU Chipps, SR Wahl, DH AF Chipps, Steven R. Wahl, David H. TI Bioenergetics modeling in the 21st century: Reviewing new insights and revisiting old constraints SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Perspectives in Fish Energetics - A Return to Academic Nursery Grounds CY 2004 CL Madison, WI SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; KOKANEE ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; AGE-0 STRIPED BASS; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; LARGEMOUTH BASS; LABORATORY EVALUATION; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; SYSTEMATIC-ERROR; YELLOW PERCH; 3 ESOCIDS AB The development and application of fish bioenergetics models have flourished in recent years, due in part to the complexity of the issues being faced by fisheries biologists. As with any model, the accuracy of bioenergetics models can be hampered by uncertainty in model parameters. A review of the literature showed that field and laboratory tests of bioenergetics models often result in poor agreement between model predictions and independent data. Nonetheless, bioenergetics modeling continues to be used to make important management decisions. Recent tests of model predictions have shown that parameter uncertainty is influenced by factors such as feeding rate, physiological adaptations, and prey composition and abundance. In an attempt to reduce the uncertainty in modeling applications, we propose a framework that highlights the importance of (1) model evaluation, (2) hypothesis-based parameter testing, and (3) improved communication between model developers and model users. Adherence to this framework will help reduce uncertainty in modeling applications and simultaneously contribute to a broader knowledge of fish physiology and feeding ecology. C1 [Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Wahl, David H.] Kaskaskia Biol Stn, Div Ecol & Conservat Sci, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Sullivan, IL 61951 USA. RP Chipps, SR (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM steven.chipps@sdstate.edu NR 73 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 137 IS 1 BP 298 EP 313 DI 10.1577/T05-236.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274YV UT WOS:000254039600025 ER PT J AU Tuomikoski, JE Rudershausen, PJ Buckel, JA Hightower, JE AF Tuomikoski, Jack E. Rudershausen, Paul J. Buckel, Jeffrey A. Hightower, Joseph E. TI Effects of age-1 striped bass predation on juvenile fish in western Albemarle Sound SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Perspectives in Fish Energetics - A Return to Academic Nursery Grounds CY 2004 CL Madison, WI SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID SHAD ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; HUDSON-RIVER ESTUARY; STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; AMERICAN SHAD; CONNECTICUT RIVER; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; LARGEMOUTH BASS; NORTH-CAROLINA AB Historically, the fisheries for adult river herring (i.e., alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and blueback herring A. aestivalis) and American shad A. sapidissima were economically important in Albemarle Sound, North Carolina. Stocks of these species axe in decline, while stocks of striped bass Morone saxatilis have increased roughly 10-fold in the Albemarle Sound-Roanoke River since the early 1990s. The goal of this study was to quantify the predatory impact of age-1 striped bass on age-0 prey fishes by estimating striped bass consumption rates and comparing loss rates from predation with total prey loss rates using catch curves. Age-1 striped bass and their potential prey were collected with beach and purse seines from western Albemarle Sound from spring to fall, 2002 and 2003. Commercially and ecologically important prey in one or both years included river herring, American shad, Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus, and yellow perch Perca flavescens. Predation by age-1 striped bass had a marked effect on juvenile American shad densities in 2002 but little effect in 2003. Conversely, predation by age-1 striped bass explained none of the loss in juvenile yellow perch in 2002 but accounted for nearly all of the loss early in 2003. In most cases, predation by age-1 striped bass did not greatly influence juvenile alewife numbers. Juvenile blueback herring were preyed on during late summer and fall, but the predatory impact could not be confirmed because of apparent downstream emigration into the study area. Thus, for some species, these predator-prey linkages are important in determining year-class strength and should be incorporated into multispecies population models. C1 [Tuomikoski, Jack E.; Rudershausen, Paul J.; Buckel, Jeffrey A.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Zool, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Tuomikoski, JE (reprint author), Fish Passage Ctr, 1827 NE 44th Ave,Suite 240, Portland, OR 97213 USA. EM jtuomikoski@yahoo.com NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 137 IS 1 BP 324 EP 339 DI 10.1577/T05-239.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274YV UT WOS:000254039600027 ER PT J AU Thurman, EM Scribner, EA AF Thurman, E. Michael Scribner, Elisabeth A. BE LeBaron, HM McFarland, JE Burnside, OC TI A Decade of Measuring, Monitoring, and Studying the Fate and Transport of Triazine Herbicides and their Degradation Products in Groundwater, Surface Water, Reservoirs, and Precipitation by the US Geological Survey SO TRIAZINE HERBICIDES: 50 YEARS REVOLUTIONIZING AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SPRING FLUSH; METABOLITES; ATRAZINE; STREAMS; MODE; SOIL AB A number of major studies to analyze triazine herbicides and their degradation products (i.e., metabolites) in water have been carried out by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), Water Resources Division, in the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. These studies investigated four major water resources - groundwater, surface water, reservoirs, and precipitation. Reconnaissance studies of groundwater wells in the midwestern United States identified the relationship between land use, groundwater age, and concentration and occurrence of herbicides and their degradation products in groundwater. The studies also described the frequency of herbicide detection in relation to analytical reporting limits, groundwater age in relation to the frequency of herbicide detections, and the persistence of degradation products. Studies revealed that pre-1953 groundwater (before most herbicides were used on a large scale) had a much lower herbicide detection frequency than post-1953 (similar to 16% versus 70%). This is logical since the percentage of detections that occur in groundwater is a function of the detection limit of the method used and more sensitive methods continue to be developed. Parent herbicides are not detected as frequently in groundwater as are degradation products. Finally, herbicides that have a long half-life are detected more frequently in groundwater. Surface water runoff studies in the midwestern United States began in 1989. A reconnaissance study of 147 streams was conducted to determine the geographic and seasonal distribution of herbicides. The data showed that herbicides were flushed from cropland and were transported through the surface water system as pulses in response to late spring and early summer precipitation. Median concentrations of atrazine and cyanazine increased by one order of magnitude and then decreased to near pre-planting levels by harvest sampling. Deethylatrazine (DEA) and deisopropylatrazine (DIA) also occurred in samples, indicating either that some of the parent herbicides remained from the previous year or there was early pre-plant atrazine application before the sampling period. The data also show that the ratio of DEA to atrazine (called the DAR), which has been used as an indicator of atrazine from non-point sources, may be used also as a tracer of movement into rivers. The concentrations of these degradation products vary with the hydrologic conditions of the basin and the timing of runoff. Also, changes in herbicide usage and best management practices have significantly decreased the amount of atrazine and cyanazine concentrations found in surface water. Trends for atrazine concentrations show a median of 10.9 micrograms per liter (mu g/L) in 1989, 5.54 mu g/L in 1995, and 4.27 mu g/L in 1998. There was also a decrease of cyanazine concentration in surface water over years with a median of 2.65 mu g/L in 1989, 1.35 mu g/L in 1995, and 0.44 mu g/L in 1998. The third major water resource study involved 76 reservoirs located in 11 midwestern states. These studies determined the occurrence and temporal distribution of herbicides and their degradation products in the outflow from selected reservoirs in the upper Midwest; they also explored whether the occurrence of herbicides in the reservoir outflow could be related to drainage-basin characteristics, water and land use, herbicide use, and climate. It was found that reservoirs are repositories for herbicides from midwestern streams and that herbicides and their degradation products were detected more frequently throughout the year in reservoirs than in streams. Reservoirs hold runoff from cropland causing herbicide concentrations to decrease downstream, and they dampen the pulse of herbicides that occur during the spring flush. The fourth major water resource examined by these studies was precipitation. The area studied included 26 states from the upper Midwest (where herbicide use is prevalent) and the Northeast. The results identified the occurrence and temporal distribution of triazine herbicides and their degradation products in the Midwest. The highest concentrations occurred following herbicide application to cropland. From mid-April to mid-July in 1990 and 1991, volume-weighted concentrations of 0.2-0.4 mu g/L for atrazine were typical throughout the Midwest, and volume-weighted concentrations as large as 0.6-0.9 mu g/L occurred in precipitation at several sites. Atrazine was detected most often, followed by DEA, cyanazine, and DIA. Herbicide deposits were greatest in areas where herbicide use was high and decreased with distance from the Midwest. C1 [Thurman, E. Michael; Scribner, Elisabeth A.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Thurman, EM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. RI feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012 OI feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368 NR 81 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-055963-6 PY 2008 BP 451 EP 475 PG 25 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA BEO76 UT WOS:000317601100031 ER PT S AU Schramm, HL AF Schramm, Harold L., Jr. BE Eades, RT Neal, JW Lang, TJ Hunt, KM Pajak, P TI Not-so-urban Urban and Community Fishing Opportunities SO URBAN AND COMMUNITY FISHERIES PROGRAMMS: DEVELOPMENT, MANAGEMENT, AND EVALUATION SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 137th Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY SEP 02-06, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AB Urban and community fishing (UCF) projects are viewed as a way to provide easily accessible fishing opportunities to an increasingly urbanized society, thereby retaining and recruiting anglers and maintaining support for conservation of fisheries resources. Nearby, out-of-city fishery resources provide an option for development of UCF opportunities by municipalities lacking aquatic resources that can support recreational fishing. Examples of out-of-city fishing sites used as part of UCF projects in eight states are summarized. These out-of-city fishery resources not only provide relatively accessible fishing opportunities, but they also provide more diverse and often more natural fishing experiences. This diversity of fishing experiences may be useful for satisfying a broader angler constituency and aiding the transition of anglers from urban to more traditional, rural fisheries. Inclusion of out-of-city fishery resources in UCF programs can benefit from partnerships between state fisheries management agencies and municipal agencies and organizations. C1 USGS Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Uni, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. RP Schramm, HL (reprint author), USGS Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Uni, Mail Stop 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. EM hschramm@cfr.msstate.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-04-2 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2008 VL 67 BP 53 EP 62 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BIO21 UT WOS:000261329900006 ER PT J AU Schwartz, CC White, GC AF Schwartz, Charles C. White, Gary C. TI Estimating reproductive rates for female bears: Proportions versus transition probabilities SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE black bear; grizzly bear; reproductive rates; transition probabilities; Ursus americanus; Ursus arctos ID YELLOWSTONE GRIZZLY BEARS; SURVIVAL; INFANTICIDE; POPULATION; ALBERTA AB Estimating reproductive rate is an important element in understanding the demographic status of any bear population. These rates have been traditionally estimated by marking a sample of individuals with radiocollars and tracking them for the life of the transmitter. Rates of reproduction have been estimated in various ways, but all essentially calculate a ratio of female cubs produced by the number of females in the sample. Inherent in these calculations is the assumption that the sample is representative of the female population at large. We compare methods used to estimate reproductive rate, comparing the proportion of females in various reproductive states estimated from capture data with a method that estimates transition probabilities and stable state conditions. The latter is unaffected by capture heterogeneity among reproductive states. We use examples from 2 study areas (Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem [Wyoming, Montana, Idaho] and Kenai Peninsula, Alaska), with grizzly (Ursus arctos) and black (Ursus americanus) bears. We discuss the effect of capture heterogeneity and concluded that reproductive rates are more accurately estimated using transition probabilities and stable state conditions if studies are short in duration, capture heterogeneity is evident, or individual bears in the sample are not recollared during the study. C1 [Schwartz, Charles C.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Intergency Grizzly Bear Study Team,Forestry Sci L, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [White, Gary C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Schwartz, CC (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Intergency Grizzly Bear Study Team,Forestry Sci L, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM chuck_schwartz@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2008 VL 19 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.2192/07GR003R.1 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 307QJ UT WOS:000256333100001 ER PT J AU Swenson, JE Haroldson, MA AF Swenson, Jon E. Haroldson, Mark A. TI Observations of mixed-aged litters in brown bears SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE brown bear; mixed-aged litters; Sweden; Ursus arctos; Yellowstone ID SEXUALLY SELECTED INFANTICIDE; URSUS-ARCTOS; CUB ADOPTION; BLACK BEAR; GRIZZLY BEARS; MARITIMUS; POPULATION; PROLACTIN; HORMONE; SWEDEN AB We report on 3 cases of mixed-aged litters (young born in different years) in brown bears (Ursus arctos); in I instance the cub-of-the-year (hereafter called cubs) died in the den. Two cases occurred in Sweden after mothers were separated from their young during the breeding season. In one, the mother was separated from the accompanying cub for at least 12.5 hours and possibly up to 3.3 days, and later possibly separated for 4 days. In the other, the mother was separated from her yearling at least 3 times for 1-14, 1-6 and 1-6 days. She was with a male during the first separation. Specific events that produced the mixed-aged litter observed in Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem were unknown and our interpretation is based on estimates of ages of accompanying young - from photographs. The observation of only 2 mixed-aged litters, after den emergence, from a sample of 406 observed cub litters accompanying radiomarked females confirms the rarity of this phenomenon. The mechanism apparently includes a short separation of mother and young, and, in the case of cubs, the mother must mate while lactating. Better understanding of the physiological mechanisms that allow mixed-age litters would help us in the debate about the occurrence of sexually selected infanticide in bears. C1 [Swenson, Jon E.] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, NO-1432 As, Norway. [Swenson, Jon E.] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway. [Haroldson, Mark A.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study Team,Forestry Sci La, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Swenson, JE (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, Box 5003, NO-1432 As, Norway. EM jon.swenson@umb.no RI Swenson, Jon/E-2883-2013 NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2008 VL 19 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.2192/07SC017R.1 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 307QJ UT WOS:000256333100008 ER PT J AU Nadin-Davis, SA Velez, J Malaga, C Wandeler, AI AF Nadin-Davis, Susan A. Velez, Jafet Malaga, Carlos Wandeler, Alexander I. TI A molecular epidemiological study of rabies in Puerto Rico SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mongoose; rabies virus; phosphoprotein gene; phylogeny ID SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; VIRUS; GENE; PHOSPHOPROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE; DIVERSITY AB The mongoose is the principal reservoir for rabies on the island of Puerto Rico. This report describes a molecular epidemiological study of representative rabies viruses recovered from the island in 1997. Two closely related but distinct variants circulating in regionally localised parts of the island were identified. The lack of a monophyletic relationship of these viruses suggests that two independent incursions of rabies onto the island have occurred. Both of these Puerto Rican variants were closely related to a variant, known as the north central skunk strain, currently circulating in North American skunk populations and all are members of the cosmopolitan rabies lineage spread during the colonial period. However, the Puerto Rican viruses are clearly distinct from those presently circulating in mongooses in Cuba and which are epidemiologically closely linked to the Mexican dog rabies virus. This study clearly establishes the distinct origins of the rabies viruses now circulating on these two Caribbean islands. Crown Copyright (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nadin-Davis, Susan A.; Wandeler, Alexander I.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa Lab Fallowfield, Rabies Ctr Expertise, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. [Velez, Jafet] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. [Malaga, Carlos] Univ Puerto Rico, Trujillo Alto, PR 00977 USA. RP Nadin-Davis, SA (reprint author), Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa Lab Fallowfield, Rabies Ctr Expertise, 3851 Fallowfield Rd, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. EM nadindaviss@inspection.gc.ca NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 131 IS 1 BP 8 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.08.002 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 260ID UT WOS:000253003100002 PM 17869366 ER PT J AU Schuster, PF Shanley, JB Marvin-Dipasquale, M Reddy, MM Aiken, GR Roth, DA Taylor, HE Krabbenhoft, DP DeWild, JF AF Schuster, P. F. Shanley, J. B. Marvin-Dipasquale, M. Reddy, M. M. Aiken, G. R. Roth, D. A. Taylor, H. E. Krabbenhoft, D. P. DeWild, J. F. TI Mercury and organic carbon dynamics during runoff episodes from a northeastern USA watershed SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE mercury; dissolved mercury; particulate mercury; methylmercury; dissolved methylmercury; particulate methylmercury; organic carbon; dissolved organic carbon; particulate organic carbon; hydrophobic organic acid; watershed; catchment; streamwater; snowmelt; Sleepers River; Vermont AB Mercury and organic carbon concentrations vary dynamically in streamwater at the Sleepers River Research Watershed in Vermont, USA. Total mercury (THg) concentrations ranged from 0.53 to 93.8 ng/L during a 3-year period of study. The highest mercury (Hg) concentrations occurred slightly before peak flows and were associated with the highest organic carbon (OC) concentrations. Dissolved Hg (DHg) was the dominant form in the upland catchments; particulate Hg (PHg) dominated in the lowland catchments. The concentration of hydrophobic acid (HPOA), the major component of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), explained 41-98% of the variability of DHg concentration while DOC flux explained 68-85% of the variability in DHg flux, indicating both quality and quantity of the DOC substantially influenced the transport and fate of DHg. Particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations explained 50% of the PHg variability, indicating that POC is an important transport mechanism for PHg. Despite available sources of DHg and wetlands in the upland catchments, dissolved methylmercury (DmeHg) concentrations in streamwaters were below detection limit (0.04 ng/L). PHg and particulate methylmercury (PmeHg) had a strong positive correlation (r(2)=0.84, p < 0.0001), suggesting a common source; likely in-stream or near-stream POC eroded or re-suspended during spring snowmelt and summer storms. Ratios of PmeHg to THg were low and fairly constant despite an apparent higher methylmercury (meHg) production potential in the summer. Methylmercury production in soils and stream sediments was below detection during snowmelt in April and highest in stream sediments (compared to forest and wetland soils) sampled in July. Using the watershed approach, the correlation of the percent of wetland cover to TmeHg concentrations in streamwater indicates that poorly drained wetland soils are a source of meHg and the relatively high concentrations found in stream surface sediments in July indicate these zones are a meHg sink. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Schuster, PF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM pschuste@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 187 IS 1-4 BP 89 EP 108 DI 10.1007/s11270-007-9500-3 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 236RX UT WOS:000251322200009 ER PT J AU Bryan, AL Robinette, JR AF Bryan, A. Lawrence, Jr. Robinette, John R. TI Breeding success of Wood Storks nesting in Georgia and South Carolina SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Wood Stork Symposium held at the Annual Meeting of the Waterbird-Society CY 2005 CL Jekyll Isl, GA SP Waterbird Soc DE breeding success; fledging; Georgia; Mycteria americana; productivity; South Carolina; Wood Storks ID EAST-CENTRAL GEORGIA; MYCTERIA-AMERICANA; FLORIDA; USA; ECOLOGY AB Determination of breeding success rates of endangered species such as the Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) and reasons for their variation are vital information needed for monitoring recovery efforts. To provide information in the northern portion of their breeding range, breeding success rates were monitored for nine stork colonies in Georgia and South Carolina in 2004 and 2005. Overall success rates were very high in 2004 (N = 421, (x) over bar = 2.3 fledged young per nesting attempt), with slightly greater success in inland colonies as compared to coastal colonies. Overall success rates declined in 2005 (N = 359, (x) over bar = 1.6 fledged young per nesting attempt), with slightly greater success in coastal colonies as compared to inland colonies. Reduced success in 2005 may be due to elevated mid-breeding season rainfall and its negative effects on prey availability. Examination of longer-term breeding success at multiple Georgia stork colonies relative to annual rainfall showed no consistent trends between success and mid-season rainfall. A moderate positive association was found between pre-breeding season rainfall and success for coastal, but not inland, colonies. C1 [Bryan, A. Lawrence, Jr.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. [Robinette, John R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Savannah, GA 31405 USA. RP Bryan, AL (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. EM Larry.Bryan@ttnus.com NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2008 VL 31 SI 1 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[19:BSOWSN]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 313ND UT WOS:000256746400005 ER PT J AU Rodgers, JA Schwikert, ST Griffin, GA Brooks, WB Bear-Hull, D Elliott, PM Ebersol, KJ Morris, J AF Rodgers, James A., Jr. Schwikert, Stephen T. Griffin, Gabrielle A. Brooks, William B. Bear-Hull, Donna Elliott, Paul M. Ebersol, Kristin J. Morris, John TI Productivity of Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) in North and Central Florida SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Wood Stork Symposium held at the Annual Meeting of the Waterbird-Society CY 2005 CL Jekyll Isl, GA SP Waterbird Soc DE Florida; productivity; survivorship; Wood Stork; Mycteria americana ID USA; POPULATION; FOOD AB The combined rate for 21 Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) colonies during 2003-2005 was 1.19 +/- 0.09 fledglings/nest (N = 4,855 nests). The mean fledging rate of 0.61 fledgling/nest for colonies during 2005 was significantly less than the rate of 1.47 fledglings/nest in 2003 and 1.43 fledglings/nest in 2004. A comparison of the annual fledging rates for a subset of 13 colonies monitored during all three years indicates the overall probability of fledging >1 nestling was significantly greater in both 2003 (69.7%) and 2004 (69.8%) than in 2005 (38.5%). Though the probability of fledging one stork was similar among years (range 9.7-12.0%), the probabilities of 0, 2, or >3 fledglings were significantly different in 2005 than in either 2003 and 2004. Colony size and longitude had no significant effect on mean colony productivity. However, latitude did have a significant positive effect on colony productivity. Thus, colonies farther north in Florida tended to exhibit greater productivity. The colonies in the northeastern and northwestern regions of the state generally had greater fledging rates than did colonies farther south in Florida, especially the southeast region. This study also identified objectives for management activities and future research. There is a need to develop an unbiased estimator of productivity that takes into consideration the lack of nesting during some years, which would allow managers to more accurately estimate stork productivity at the regional level. Because some colonies out perform others, an index-type system of colonies should be developed to designate colonies that perform above a modeled fledging rate, thus offering long-term insight into stork productivity. A re-examination of the productivity indices listed in the Wood Stork Recovery Plan is needed to ensure the current status of the U.S. breeding population. C1 [Rodgers, James A., Jr.; Schwikert, Stephen T.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Griffin, Gabrielle A.; Morris, John] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Brooks, William B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gainesville, FL 32216 USA. [Bear-Hull, Donna] Jacksonville Zool Gardens, Jacksonville, FL 32218 USA. [Elliott, Paul M.] SW Florida Water Management Dist, Bartow, FL 33830 USA. [Ebersol, Kristin J.] Florida Dept Environm Protect, Pumpkin Hill Creek Preserve, Jacksonville, FL 32226 USA. RP Rodgers, JA (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 1105 SW Williston Rd, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. EM james.rodgers@MyFWC.com NR 33 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2008 VL 31 SI 1 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[25:POWSMA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 313ND UT WOS:000256746400006 ER PT J AU Bryan, AL Brooks, WB Taylor, JD Richardson, DM Jeske, CW Brisbin, IL AF Bryan, A. Lawrence, Jr. Brooks, William B. Taylor, Jimmy D. Richardson, David M. Jeske, Clinton W. Brisbin, I. Lehr, Jr. TI Satellite tracking large-scale movements of Wood Storks captured in the Gulf Coast region SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Wood Stork Symposium held at the Annual Meeting of the Waterbird-Society CY 2005 CL Jekyll Isl, GA SP Waterbird Soc DE Gulf Coast; migration; movements; Mycteria americana; Wood Stork ID MIGRATION ROUTES; LOCATIONS; HERONS AB Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) breeding in the southeastern United States exhibit lengthy inter- and intra-regional movements in response to resource availability. One type of movement., post-breeding dispersal, has resulted in storks from this population temporarily moving into the Gulf Coast states of Alabama and eastern Mississippi. Concurrently, other Wood Storks, presumably of Mexican/Central American origin, are frequently observed in large numbers in the Mississippi River Valley and nearby western states during the late-summer months and the proximity of dispersing storks from the two regions might result in population mixing. In a preliminary examination of the origins of Wood Storks observed in Gulf Coast states and the likelihood of population mixing, we deployed ten satellite transmitters on storks in those areas in June-July of 2003 and monitored their movements. All storks captured in eastern Mississippi moved into southern Florida. Storks captured in western Mississippi went to eastern Mexico or western Guatemala. One stork from Louisiana went to Mexico and the other went to southern Florida, suggesting that population mixing may be occurring on their non-breeding season habitats. C1 [Bryan, A. Lawrence, Jr.; Brisbin, I. Lehr, Jr.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Brooks, William B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Jacksonville, FL 32216 USA. [Taylor, Jimmy D.] Mississippi State Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Richardson, David M.] Noxubee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Brooksville, MS 39739 USA. [Jeske, Clinton W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Bryan, AL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM Larry.Bryan@ttnus.com NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2008 VL 31 SI 1 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[35:STLMOW]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 313ND UT WOS:000256746400007 ER PT J AU Brooks, WB Dean, T AF Brooks, William B. Dean, Tylan TI Measuring the biological status of the US breeding population of Wood Storks SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Wood Stork Symposium held at the Annual Meeting of the Waterbird-Society CY 2005 CL Jekyll Isl, GA SP Waterbird Soc DE Mycteria americana; nesting pairs; productivity; recovery; Wood Stork ID MYCTERIA-AMERICANA; UNITED-STATES; FLORIDA AB In 1984, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed the U.S. breeding population of Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) in their known range of Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama as "endangered" under the Endangered Species Act, due to a population decline of 75 percent from the 1930s to the 1980s. In 1997, an updated Recovery Plan for the Wood Stork established two metrics to for determining the biological status: numbers of nesting pairs and regional productivity measured over time. Five-year averages of nesting pairs from annual aerial surveys show an increasing trend (1981-85, 1991-95, 2001-2005). Since listing in 1984, the average number of active colonies has almost doubled, however colony size has decreased. Current productivity estimates are similar to those recorded in the 1970s and 1980s. Monitoring continues to indicate that nesting numbers and productivity rates are variable within and among years and within and among colonies. Variability is likely related to environmental factors affecting the quality of local and regional nesting and foraging habitats. Loss of natural foraging habitat continues to be a major threat, while the effects of the increasing number of constructed wetlands and their use as foraging areas is unknown. Habitat Management Guidelines are being updated and will address: managing colony sites, controlling predation and human disturbance, and core foraging habitat issues. One of the most important initiatives is the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), which has identifies the restoration of healthy wading bird populations as an expected benefit. It is anticipated that CERP will be a large contributing factor toward the recovery of this species. C1 [Brooks, William B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jacksomille, FL 32216 USA. [Dean, Tylan] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vero Beach, FL 32960 USA. RP Brooks, WB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 6620 Southpoint Dr S,Suite 310, Jacksomille, FL 32216 USA. EM Billy_Brooks@fws.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2008 VL 31 SI 1 BP 50 EP 59 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[50:MTBSOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 313ND UT WOS:000256746400009 ER PT J AU Conroy, MJ Barker, RJ Dillingham, PW Fletcher, D Gormley, AM Westbrooke, IM AF Conroy, Michael J. Barker, Richard J. Dillingham, Peter W. Fletcher, David Gormley, Andrew M. Westbrooke, Ian M. TI Application of decision theory to conservation management: recovery of Hector's dolphin SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; BANKS-PENINSULA; NEW-ZEALAND; POPULATION VIABILITY; UNCERTAINTY; ABUNDANCE; SURVIVAL; MODELS; IMPACT AB Decision theory provides an organised approach to decision making in natural resource conservation. The theory requires clearly stated objectives, decision alternatives and decision-outcome utilities, and thus allows for the separation of values (conservation and other societal objectives) from beliefs. Models express belief in the likely response of the system to conservation actions, and can range from simple, graphical representations to complex computer models. Models can be used to make predictions about likely decision-outcomes, and hence guide decision making. Decision making must account for uncertainty, which can be reduced but never eliminated. Uncertainty can be described via probabilities, which in turn can be used to compute the expected value of alternative decisions, averaging over all relevant sources of uncertainty. Reduction of uncertainty, where possible, improves decision making. Adaptive management involves the reduction of uncertainty via prediction under two or more alternative, structural models, comparison of model predictions to monitoring, and feedback via Bayes' Theorem into revising model weights, which in turn influences decision making. As part of a 3-day workshop on structured decision making (SDM) and adaptive resource management (ARM), we constructed a prototypical decision model for the recovery for Hector's dolphin (Cephalorynchus hectori), an endangered dolphin endemic to New Zealand coastal waters. Our model captures several steps in the process of building an SDM/ARM framework, and should be useful for managers wishing to apply these principles to dolphin conservation or other resources problems. C1 [Conroy, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Barker, Richard J.; Dillingham, Peter W.; Fletcher, David; Gormley, Andrew M.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand. [Gormley, Andrew M.] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand. [Westbrooke, Ian M.] Dept Conservat, Christchurch, New Zealand. RP Conroy, MJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mconroy@uga.edu RI Gormley, Andrew/C-5145-2011; Dillingham, Peter/B-3972-2014 OI Dillingham, Peter/0000-0001-6302-3275 NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1071/WR07147 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 290IP UT WOS:000255116800001 ER PT J AU Hanson, LB Grand, JB Mitchell, MS Jolley, DB Sparklin, BD Ditchkoff, SS AF Hanson, Laura B. Grand, James B. Mitchell, Michael S. Jolley, D. Buck Sparklin, Bill D. Ditchkoff, Stephen S. TI Change-in-ratio density estimator for feral pigs is less biased than closed mark-recapture estimates SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUS-SCROFA; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HOME-RANGE; AUSTRALIA; VEGETATION; ABUNDANCE AB Closed-population capture-mark-recapture (CMR) methods can produce biased density estimates for species with low or heterogeneous detection probabilities. In an attempt to address such biases, we developed a density-estimation method based on the change in ratio (CIR) of survival between two populations where survival, calculated using an open-population CMR model, is known to differ. We used our method to estimate density for a feral pig (Sus scrofa) population on Fort Benning, Georgia, USA. To assess its validity, we compared it to an estimate of the minimum density of pigs known to be alive and two estimates based on closed-population CMR models. Comparison of the density estimates revealed that the CIR estimator produced a density estimate with low precision that was reasonable with respect to minimum known density. By contrast, density point estimates using the closed-population CMR models were less than the minimum known density, consistent with biases created by low and heterogeneous capture probabilities for species like feral pigs that may occur in low density or are difficult to capture. Our CIR density estimator may be useful for tracking broad-scale, long-term changes in species, such as large cats, for which closed CMR models are unlikely to work. C1 [Hanson, Laura B.; Jolley, D. Buck; Ditchkoff, Stephen S.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Grand, James B.] Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Hanson, LB (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM laurabhanson@hotmail.com RI Mitchell, Michael/H-1117-2011 FU US Department of the Defence, Fort Benning Military Reservation FX We give much thanks to the Mitchell 'wet lab' for their support, assistance with critical thinking, and aid in developing strong scientific ideas. We appreciate all pig people who helped with fieldwork, especially B. Williams, C. Newbolt and K. Hasapes. Thank you to P. Swiderek, R. M. Thornton and B. Miley at the Fort Benning Natural Resource Management Branch for ideas and support for this research. Thank you to two anonymous reviewers for useful comments. This research was funded by the US Department of the Defence, Fort Benning Military Reservation. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2008 VL 35 IS 7 BP 695 EP 699 DI 10.1071/WR08076 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 372UJ UT WOS:000260927200011 ER PT J AU Conner, MM Ebinger, MR Blanchong, JA Cross, PC AF Conner, Mary Margaret Ebinger, Michael Ryan Blanchong, Julie Anne Cross, Paul Chafee TI Infectious disease in cervids of north America - Data, models, and management challenges SO YEAR IN ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2008 SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE bovine tuberculosis; brucellosis; cervids; chronic wasting disease; North America; wildlife disease management; wildlife disease models; wildlife surveillance ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; WHITE-TAILED DEER; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS INFECTION; RANGING MULE DEER; CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; MOUNTAIN NATIONAL-PARK; ART. NO. 7; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; AFRICAN BUFFALO; SPATIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Over the past two decades there has been a steady increase in the study and management of wildlife diseases. This trend has been driven by the perception of an increase in emerging zoonotic diseases and the recognition that wildlife can be a critical factor for controlling infectious diseases in domestic animals. Cervids are of recent concern because, as a group, they present a number of unique challenges. Their close ecological and phylogenetic relationship to livestock species places them at risk for receiving infections from, and reinfecting livestock. In addition, cervids are an important resource; revenue from hunting and viewing contribute substantially to agency budgets and local economies. A comprehensive coverage of infectious diseases in cervids is well beyond the scope of this chapter. In North America alone there are a number of infectious diseases that can potentially impact cervid populations, but for most of these, management is not feasible or the diseases are only a potential or future concern. We focus this chapter on three diseases that are of major management concern and the center of most disease research for cervids in North America: bovine tuberculosis, chronic wasting disease, and brucellosis. We discuss the available data and recent advances in modeling and management of these diseases. C1 [Conner, Mary Margaret] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Ebinger, Michael Ryan; Cross, Paul Chafee] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Ebinger, Michael Ryan; Cross, Paul Chafee] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Blanchong, Julie Anne] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA USA. RP Conner, MM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM mary.conner@usu.edu RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 NR 164 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2008 VL 1134 BP 146 EP 172 DI 10.1196/annals.1439.005 PG 27 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHY78 UT WOS:000257506400006 PM 18566093 ER PT J AU Lichtenberg, KA Arvidson, RE Poulet, F Morris, RV Knudson, A Bell, JF Bellucci, G Bibring, JP Farrand, WH Johnson, JR Ming, DW Pinet, PC Rogers, AD Squyres, SW AF Lichtenberg, Kimberly A. Arvidson, Raymond E. Poulet, Francois Morris, Richard V. Knudson, Amy Bell, James F. Bellucci, Giancarlo Bibring, Jean-Pierre Farrand, William H. Johnson, Jeffrey R. Ming, Douglas W. Pinet, Patrick C. Rogers, A. Deanne Squyres, Steven W. TI Coordinated analyses of orbital and Spirit Rover data to characterize surface materials on the cratered plains of Gusev Crater, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; THERMAL INERTIA; BASALTIC ROCKS; LANDING-SITE; SOILS; MISSION; LOCALIZATION; SPECTROMETER; OPPORTUNITY; DIVERSITY AB Comparison of the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit's Pancam (0.4 to 1.0 mu m) and Mars Express Observatoire pour la Mineralogie l'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activite (OMEGA) (0.4 to 2.5 mu m) spectral reflectance data over Spirit's traverses shows that Gusev cratered plains are dominated by nanophase ferric-oxide-rich dust covering weakly altered basaltic sands. This interpretation is also consistent with both observations from OMEGA data covering plains beyond the traverse region and interpretations of data from the other payload instruments on the Spirit Rover. OMEGA observations of relatively low albedo regions where dust has presumably been stripped by dust devils show negative spectral reflectance slopes from 1.5 to 2.5 mu m and moderately masked spectral features which are indicative of olivine or pyroxene. High-albedo regions north and south of the Spirit landing site have flat spectral reflectance slopes and few spectral features, although all spectra have a nanophase ferric-oxide absorption edge between 0.4 and 0.75 mu m. Comparison of THEMIS-derived thermal inertia values with OMEGA-derived spectral parameters shows that although the dust cover can be optically thick (0.4 to 2.5 mu m wavelength region) in some areas, it is not thick enough (similar to 1 cm) to mask the thermal inertia of the underlying substrate for areas included in this study. C1 [Lichtenberg, Kimberly A.; Arvidson, Raymond E.; Knudson, Amy] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Bell, James F.; Squyres, Steven W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bellucci, Giancarlo] Inst Fis Spazio Interplanetario, INAF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Poulet, Francois; Bibring, Jean-Pierre] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Farrand, William H.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Johnson, Jeffrey R.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Morris, Richard V.; Ming, Douglas W.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Rogers, A. Deanne] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Pinet, Patrick C.] Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. RP Lichtenberg, KA (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, 1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM lichtenberg@wunder.wustl.edu RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; Rogers, Deanne/I-9737-2016; OI Rogers, Deanne/0000-0002-4671-2551; Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679 NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 29 PY 2007 VL 112 IS E12 AR E12S90 DI 10.1029/2006JE002850 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 246OC UT WOS:000252015400001 ER PT J AU Love, JJ Remick, KJ Perkins, DM AF Love, J. J. Remick, K. J. Perkins, D. M. TI Statistical modeling of storm level Kp occurrences: Solar cycle modulation SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY AB We consider the nonstationary, statistical modeling of the occurrence in time of large Kp geomagnetic storms over the course of multiple solar cycles. Previous work showed that wait times between storms can be represented by an exponential density function, consistent with the realization of a Poisson process. Here we also assume a Poisson process, but to account for solar cycle modulation of storm likelihood, we assume an occurrence rate given by a parametric constant plus a simple sinusoidal function of time. Parameter estimation is accomplished using maximum likelihood, yielding good fits to the Kp data. We find that the relative phase between storms and sunspots depends on storm size. We quantify previous observations that small storms tend to occur during the declining phase of the solar cycle, while large storms tend to occur very close to solar maximum. We predict average wait time between storms and the storm occurrence rate up through the year 2018. C1 [Love, J. J.; Remick, K. J.] US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Perkins, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Love, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM jlove@usgs.gov RI Love, Jeffrey/N-7593-2013 OI Love, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3324-0348 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1539-4956 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD DEC 29 PY 2007 VL 5 IS 12 AR S12005 DI 10.1029/2006SW000287 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 261KI UT WOS:000253077100001 ER PT J AU Gallant, AL Klaver, RW Casper, GS Lannoo, MJ AF Gallant, Alisa L. Klaver, Robert W. Casper, Gary S. Lannoo, Michael J. TI Global rates of habitat loss and implications for amphibian conservation SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; POPULATION DECLINES; UNITED-STATES; COVER CHANGE; BIODIVERSITY; DEFORESTATION; ECOREGIONS; EXTINCTIONS; ECOLOGY; CLIMATE AB A large number of factors are known to affect amphibian population viability, but most authors agree that the principal causes of amphibian declines are habitat loss, alteration, and fragmentation. We provide a global assessment of land use dynamics in the context of amphibian distributions. We accomplished this by compiling global maps of amphibian species richness and recent rates of change in land cover, land use, and human population growth. The amphibian map was developed using a combination of published literature and digital databases. We used an ecoregion framework to help interpret species distributions across environmental, rather than political, boundaries. We mapped rates of land cover and use change with statistics from the World Resources Institute, refined with a global digital dataset on land cover derived from satellite data. Temporal maps of human population were developed from the World Resources Institute database and other published sources. Our resultant map of amphibian species richness illustrates that amphibians are distributed in an uneven pattern around the globe, preferring terrestrial and freshwater habitats in ecoregions that are warm and moist. Spatiotemporal patterns of human population show that, prior to the 20(th) century, population growth and spread was slower, most extensive in the temperate ecoregions, and largely exclusive of major regions of high amphibian richness. Since the beginning of the 20(th) century, human population growth has been exponential and has occurred largely in the subtropical and tropical ecoregions favored by amphibians. Population growth has been accompanied by broad-scale changes in land cover and land use, typically in support of agriculture. We merged information on land cover, land use, and human population growth to generate a composite map showing the rates at which humans have been changing the world. When compared with the map of amphibian species richness, we found that many of the regions of the earth supporting the richest assemblages of amphibians are currently undergoing the highest rates of landscape modification. C1 [Lannoo, Michael J.] Indiana State Univ, Sch Med TH, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Gallant, Alisa L.; Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Casper, Gary S.] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee Field Stn, Saukville, WI 53080 USA. RP Lannoo, MJ (reprint author), Indiana State Univ, Sch Med TH, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. EM mlannoo@iupui.edu NR 59 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 12 U2 63 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 28 PY 2007 IS 4 BP 967 EP 979 DI 10.1643/0045-8511(2007)7[967:GROHLA]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 247SK UT WOS:000252100300018 ER PT J AU Hornbach, MJ Lavier, LL Ruppel, CD AF Hornbach, Matthew J. Lavier, Luc L. Ruppel, Carolyn D. TI Triggering mechanism and tsunamogenic potential of the Cape Fear Slide complex, US Atlantic margin SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE submarine slides; tsunami; gas hydrates; continental margins; salt tectonics ID CATASTROPHIC SEDIMENT FAILURES; SUBMARINE SLOPE FAILURE; GAS HYDRATE STABILITY; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; TSUNAMI GENERATION; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; STOREGGA SLIDE; SEA-FLOOR; PASSIVE MARGIN; SURFACE-WAVES AB [1] Analysis of new multibeam bathymetry data and seismic Chirp data acquired over the Cape Fear Slide complex on the U. S. Atlantic margin suggests that at least 5 major submarine slides have likely occurred there within the past 30,000 years, indicating that repetitive, large-scale mass wasting and associated tsunamis may be more common in this area than previously believed. Gas hydrate deposits and associated free gas as well as salt tectonics have been implicated in previous studies as triggers for the major Cape Fear slide events. Analysis of the interaction of the gas hydrate phase boundary and the various generations of slides indicates that only the most landward slide likely intersected the phase boundary and inferred high gas pressures below it. For much of the region, we believe that displacement along a newly recognized normal fault led to upward migration of salt, oversteepening of slopes, and repeated slope failures. Using new constraints on slide morphology, we develop the first tsunami model for the Cape Fear Slide complex. Our results indicate that if the most seaward Cape Fear slide event occurred today, it could produce waves in excess of 2 m at the present-day 100 m bathymetric contour. C1 [Hornbach, Matthew J.; Lavier, Luc L.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78759 USA. [Ruppel, Carolyn D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Hornbach, MJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, 4412 Spicewood Springs Rd,Bldg 600, Austin, TX 78759 USA. EM matth@ig.utexas.edu RI Hornbach, Matthew/C-1071-2008; Lavier, Luc/G-6141-2010 OI Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632; NR 67 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC 28 PY 2007 VL 8 AR Q12008 DI 10.1029/2007GC001722 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 246NA UT WOS:000252012500001 ER PT J AU Dial, RJ Berg, EE Timm, K McMahon, A Geck, J AF Dial, Roman J. Berg, Edward E. Timm, Katriina McMahon, Alissa Geck, Jason TI Changes in the alpine forest-tundra ecotone commensurate with recent warming in southcentral Alaska: Evidence from orthophotos and field plots SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; KENAI PENINSULA; TREE LINE; SUMMER TEMPERATURES; SEWARD PENINSULA; INTERIOR ALASKA; NORTH-AMERICA; ARCTIC TUNDRA; NATIONAL-PARK AB [1] The complex response of the forest-tundra ecotone ( FT) to climate change may not generalize well geographically. We document FT changes in a nonpermafrost region of southcentral Alaska during a known warming period. Using 1951 and 1996 orthophotos overlain on digital elevation models across 800 km 2 of the west Kenai Mountains, we identified cover classes and topography for 978 random points and the highest closed-canopy conifer patches along 205 random altitudinal gradients. Results show 29% of FT area increased in woodiness, with closed-canopy forest expanding 14%/decade and shrubs 4%/decade; unvegetated areas decreased 17.4%/decade and tundra 5%/decade. Area of open woodland remained constant but changed location. Timberline, estimated using both the 205 altitudinal gradients and the upper quartile elevations of closed-canopy forest among the 978 points, rose very little. Tree line, identified using upper quartiles of open woodland, rose similar to 50 m on cool, northerly aspects, but not on other aspects. Dendrochronology on high-elevation seedlings showed a congruence between decadal recruitment and regional changes in climate from 1945 to 2005. Patterns observed in the climatic FT of the Kenai Mountains corroborate other studies that show regional and landscape specificity of the structural response of FT to climate change. FT shifted upwards on cooler, presumably more mesic aspects near seed sources; however, on warm aspects the density of shrubs and trees increased, but FT did not rise. If current conditions continue for the next 50-100 years, the Kenai FT will markedly change to a far woodier landscape with less tundra and more closed-canopy forest. C1 [Dial, Roman J.; Timm, Katriina; McMahon, Alissa; Geck, Jason] Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK USA. [Berg, Edward E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Soldotna, AK USA. RP Dial, RJ (reprint author), Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 48 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC 27 PY 2007 VL 112 IS G4 AR G04015 DI 10.1029/2007JG000453 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 246NP UT WOS:000252014000005 ER PT J AU Myers-Smith, IH McGuire, AD Harden, JW Chapin, FS AF Myers-Smith, Isla H. McGuire, A. David Harden, Jennifer W. Chapin, F. Stuart, III TI Influence of disturbance on carbon exchange in a permafrost collapse and adjacent burned forest SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; METHANE EMISSIONS; BOREAL PEATLANDS; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; NORTHERN PEATLAND; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; CANADA; ACCUMULATION; ALASKA AB [1] We measured CO2 and CH4 exchange from the center of a Sphagnum-dominated permafrost collapse, through an aquatic moat, and into a recently burned black spruce forest on the Tanana River floodplain in interior Alaska. In the anomalously dry growing season of 2004, both the collapse and the surrounding burned area were net sinks for CO2, with a mean daytime net ecosystem exchange of - 1.4 mu mol CO2 m(-2) s(-1), while the moat was a CH4 source with a mean flux of 0.013 mu mol CH4 m(-2) s(-1). Regression analyses identified temperature as the dominant factor affecting intragrowing season variation in CO2 exchange and soil moisture as the primary control influencing CH4 emissions. CH4 emissions during the wettest portion of the growing season were four times higher than during the driest periods. If temperatures continue to warm, peatland vegetation will likely expand with permafrost degradation, resulting in greater carbon accumulation and methane emissions for the landscape as a whole. C1 [Myers-Smith, Isla H.; Chapin, F. Stuart, III] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Myers-Smith, IH (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RI Myers-Smith, Isla/D-1529-2013 OI Myers-Smith, Isla/0000-0002-8417-6112 NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC 27 PY 2007 VL 112 IS G4 AR G04017 DI 10.1029/2007JG000423 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 246NP UT WOS:000252014000003 ER PT J AU Weinstein, Y Burnett, WC Swarzenski, PW Shalem, Y Yechieli, Y Herut, B AF Weinstein, Y. Burnett, W. C. Swarzenski, P. W. Shalem, Y. Yechieli, Y. Herut, B. TI Role of aquifer heterogeneity in fresh groundwater discharge and seawater recycling: An example from the Carmel coast, Israel SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID RN-222; WATERS; EXCHANGE; FLORIDA; INPUTS; MARSH; RADON; OCEAN; ZONE; GULF AB A case study is shown in which the pattern of submarine groundwater discharge and of seawater recycling is controlled by local hydrogeological variability. The coastal aquifer in Dor Bay is composed of two units: a partly confined calcaranitic sandstone (Kurkar) and an overlying loose sand. Groundwater in the Kurkar has elevated activities of (222)Rn (similar to 390 dpm/L) and relatively low (224)Ra/(223)Ra activity ratios (3-4), while the sand groundwater is significantly less radiogenic (6-90 dpm/L) and shows higher (224)Ra/(223)Ra ratios. Groundwater discharging from sand-covered areas of the bay has salinities of 16-31 and an average (222)Rn activity of 168 dpm/L, which lies on a mixing line between Rn-rich Kurkar fresh water and Rn-poor seawater. Another key observation is that seawater infiltrates to some extent into onshore sand groundwater, while the fresh water within the submarine Kurkar can be traced up to 40 m offshore. This implies that while fresh water mainly discharges from the Kurkar unit, seawater recycling is limited to the loose sand, and that the discharge from sand- covered areas is a mixture of Kurkar water with recycled seawater. Advection rates from the bay floor were calculated from Rn time series and found to vary between 0 and 36 cm/d, correlating negatively with bay water depth. The average flux was 8.1 cm/d, and it did not seem to change much during March, May, and July 2006. The average amount of fresh water discharging to the bay was 5.0 m(3)/d per meter of shoreline. Radon activity in the sand groundwater also fluctuates due to influx of Kurkar-type groundwater. C1 [Weinstein, Y.; Shalem, Y.] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Ramat Gan, Israel. [Burnett, W. C.] Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Swarzenski, P. W.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Yechieli, Y.] Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel. [Herut, B.] Israel Oceanograph & Limnol Res, Haifa, Israel. RP Weinstein, Y (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Ramat Gan, Israel. EM weinsty@mail.biu.ac.il NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 25 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C12 AR C12016 DI 10.1029/2007JC004112 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 246NV UT WOS:000252014600002 ER PT J AU Sanay, R Voulgaris, G Warner, JC AF Sanay, Rosario Voulgaris, George Warner, John C. TI Tidal asymmetry and residual circulation over linear sandbanks and their implication on sediment transport: A process-oriented numerical study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN NORTH-SEA; SAND-RIDGE FIELD; INNER SHELF; BANKS; WAVES; MAINTENANCE; AMERICAN; MODELS AB A series of process-oriented numerical simulations is carried out in order to evaluate the relative role of locally generated residual flow and overtides on net sediment transport over linear sandbanks. The idealized bathymetry and forcing are similar to those present in the Norfolk Sandbanks, North Sea. The importance of bottom drag parameterization and bank orientation with respect to the ambient flow is examined in terms of residual flow and overtide generation, and subsequent sediment transport implications are discussed. The results show that although the magnitudes of residual flow and overtides are sensitive to bottom roughness parameterization and bank orientation, the magnitude of the generated residual flow is always larger than that of the locally generated overtides. Also, net sediment transport is always dominated by the nonlinear interaction of the residual flow and the semidiurnal tidal currents, although cross-bank sediment transport can occur even in the absence of a cross-shore residual flow. On the other hand, net sediment divergence/convergence increases as the bottom drag decreases and as bank orientation increases. The sediment erosion/deposition is not symmetric about the crest of the bank, suggesting that originally symmetric banks would have the tendency to become asymmetric. C1 [Sanay, Rosario; Voulgaris, George] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Warner, John C.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Sanay, R (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, 701 Sumter St,EWS617, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM rsanay@geol.sc.edu; gvoulgaris@geol.sc.edu; jcwarner@usqs.gov RI Voulgaris, George/A-7593-2014 OI Voulgaris, George/0000-0002-0667-8870 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 22 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C12 AR C12015 DI 10.1029/2007JC004101 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 244QO UT WOS:000251880600001 ER PT J AU Burke, CJ McCullough, PR Valenti, JA Johns-Krull, CM Janes, KA Heasley, JN Summers, FJ Stys, JE Bissinger, R Fleenor, ML Foote, CN Garcia-Melendo, E Gary, BL Howell, PJ Mallia, F Masi, G Taylor, B Vanmunster, T AF Burke, Christopher J. McCullough, P. R. Valenti, Jeff A. Johns-Krull, Christopher M. Janes, Kenneth A. Heasley, J. N. Summers, F. J. Stys, J. E. Bissinger, R. Fleenor, Michael L. Foote, Cindy N. Garcia-Melendo, Enrique Gary, Bruce L. Howell, P. J. Mallia, F. Masi, G. Taylor, B. Vanmunster, T. TI XO-2b: Transiting hot Jupiter in a metal-rich common proper motion binary SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; planetary systems; stars : individual (GSC 34130-0005); techniques : photometric; techniques : radial velocities ID EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; GIANT PLANETS; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; SURFACE GRAVITIES; GALACTIC THIN; LIGHT-CURVE; F-DWARF; STARS; SYSTEMS; PARAMETERS AB We report on a V = 11.2 early K dwarf, XO-2 (GSC 03413- 00005), that hosts a R(p) 0.98 +/- (0.03)(0.01) R(J), M(p) = 0.57 +/- 0.06 M(J) transiting extrasolar planet, XO-2b, with an orbital period of 2.615857 +/- 0.000005 days. XO-2 has high metallicity, [Fe/H] = 0.45 +/- 0.02, high proper motion, mu(tot) = 157 mas yr(-1), and a common proper motion stellar companion with 3100 separation. The two stars are nearly identical twins, with very similar spectra and apparent magnitudes. Due to the high metallicity, these early K dwarf stars have a mass and radius close to solar, M(*) = 0.98 +/- 0.02M(circle dot) and R(*) = 0.97 +/- (0.02)(0.01) R(circle dot). The high proper motion of XO-2 results from an eccentric orbit (Galactic pericenter, R(per) < 4 kpc) well confined to the Galactic disk (Z(max) similar to 100 pc). In addition, the phase-space position of XO-2 is near the Hercules dynamical stream, which points to an origin of XO-2 in the metal-rich, inner thin disk and subsequent dynamical scattering into the solar neighborhood. We describe an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for calculating the Bayesian posterior probability of the system parameters from a transit light curve. C1 [Burke, Christopher J.; McCullough, P. R.; Valenti, Jeff A.; Summers, F. J.; Stys, J. E.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Johns-Krull, Christopher M.] Rice Univ, Dept Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Janes, Kenneth A.; Taylor, B.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Heasley, J. N.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bissinger, R.] Racoon Run Observ, Pleasanton, CA USA. [Fleenor, Michael L.] Volunteer Observ, Knoxville, TN USA. [Foote, Cindy N.] Vermill Cliffs Observ, Kanab, UT USA. [Garcia-Melendo, Enrique] Esteve Duran Observ Fdn, Seva 08553, Spain. [Gary, Bruce L.] Hereford Arizona Observ, Hereford, AZ USA. [Mallia, F.] Campo Catino Astronom Observ, Guarcino, Italy. [Masi, G.] Bellatrix Astronom Observ, Virtual Telescope Project, Ceccano, Italy. [Vanmunster, T.] CBA Belgium Observ, Landen, Belgium. RP Burke, CJ (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM cjburke@stsci.edu NR 78 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 2115 EP 2128 DI 10.1086/523087 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600081 ER PT J AU Blainey, JB Ferre, TPA Cordova, JT AF Blainey, Joan B. Ferre, Ty P. A. Cordova, Jeff T. TI Assessing the likely value of gravity and drawdown measurements to constrain estimates of hydraulic conductivity and specific yield during unconfined aquifer testing SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WATER-TABLE; DELAYED RESPONSE; SIMPLEX-METHOD; FLOW AB [1] Pumping of an unconfined aquifer can cause local desaturation detectable with high-resolution gravimetry. A previous study showed that signal-to-noise ratios could be predicted for gravity measurements based on a hydrologic model. We show that although changes should be detectable with gravimeters, estimations of hydraulic conductivity and specific yield based on gravity data alone are likely to be unacceptably inaccurate and imprecise. In contrast, a transect of low-quality drawdown data alone resulted in accurate estimates of hydraulic conductivity and inaccurate and imprecise estimates of specific yield. Combined use of drawdown and gravity data, or use of high-quality drawdown data alone, resulted in unbiased and precise estimates of both parameters. This study is an example of the value of a staged assessment regarding the likely significance of a new measurement method or monitoring scenario before collecting field data. C1 [Blainey, Joan B.; Ferre, Ty P. A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Blainey, Joan B.; Cordova, Jeff T.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Blainey, JB (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 12 AR W12408 DI 10.1029/2006WR005678 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 244SP UT WOS:000251885900001 ER PT J AU Scholl, MA Giambelluca, TW Gingerich, SB Nullet, MA Loope, LL AF Scholl, M. A. Giambelluca, T. W. Gingerich, S. B. Nullet, M. A. Loope, L. L. TI Cloud water in windward and leeward mountain forests: The stable isotope signature of orographic cloud water SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ELEVATION REGIONS; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; POINT-REYES PENINSULA; SPRUCE-FIR FORESTS; AMAZON BASIN; FOG-DRIP; DEPOSITION; PRECIPITATION; CALIFORNIA; INTERCEPTION AB [1] Cloud water can be a significant hydrologic input to mountain forests. Because it is a precipitation source that is vulnerable to climate change, it is important to quantify amounts of cloud water input at watershed and regional scales. During this study, cloud water and rain samples were collected monthly for 2 years at sites on windward and leeward East Maui. The difference in isotopic composition between volume-weighted average cloud water and rain samples was 1.4% delta(18) O and 12% delta H-2 for the windward site and 2.8% delta(18) O and 25% delta H-2 for the leeward site, with the cloud water samples enriched in O-18 and H-2 relative to the rain samples. A summary of previous literature shows that fog and/or cloud water is enriched in O-18 and H-2 compared to rain at many locations around the world; this study documents cloud water and rain isotopic composition resulting from weather patterns common to montane environments in the trade wind latitudes. An end-member isotopic composition for cloud water was identified for each site and was used in an isotopic mixing model to estimate the proportion of precipitation input from orographic clouds. Orographic cloud water input was 37% of the total precipitation at the windward site and 46% at the leeward site. This represents an estimate of water input to the forest that could be altered by changes in cloud base altitude resulting from global climate change or deforestation. C1 [Scholl, M. A.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Giambelluca, T. W.; Nullet, M. A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI USA. [Gingerich, S. B.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Water Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Loope, L. L.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Makawao, HI USA. RP Scholl, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Reston, VA 22092 USA. OI Gingerich, Stephen/0000-0002-4381-0746; Scholl, Martha/0000-0001-6994-4614; Giambelluca, Thomas/0000-0002-6798-3780 NR 80 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 12 AR W12411 DI 10.1029/2007WR006011 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 244SP UT WOS:000251885900005 ER PT J AU Fend, SV Lenat, DR AF Fend, Steven V. Lenat, David R. TI Two new genera of Lumbriculidae (Annelida, Clitellata) from North Carolina, USA SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE oligochaeta; taxonomy; southeastern USA; water quality ID OLIGOCHAETA; GENUS; CAVE AB Recent benthic macroinvertebrate collections from North Carolina contained many undescribed oligochaete taxa, mostly belonging to the family Lumbriculidae. Three of the new species had arrangements of spermathecae and atria previously unreported for the family, and were assigned to new two genera. Pilaridrilus is distinguished by the location of spermathecal pores five segments behind the male pores. The single species, Pilaridrilus uliginosus, also has unusually complex penes and spermathecae. Martinidrilus is distinguished by spermathecae beginning more than two segments anterior to the atrial segment, and also by the the vasa deferentia, which join a common duct before joining the atria. The two Martinidrilus species also have unusual digitiform blood vessels in posterior segments. Martinidrilus carolinensis has lateral spermathecae in VI, and Martinidrilus arenosus has dorsolateral spermathecae in VII and VIII. Because arrangement and morphology of reproductive organs do not resemble those of described lumbriculids, the phylogenetic affinities of the new species are not clear. These new genera and species were generally collected from areas of high water quality, suggesting that lumbriculids can be useful in water quality monitoring and conservation evaluation. C1 [Fend, Steven V.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Lenat, David R.] Lenat Consulting Serv, Raleigh, NC 27612 USA. RP Fend, SV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mailstop 465,Menlo Pk, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 19 PY 2007 IS 1666 BP 1 EP 22 PG 22 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 242LN UT WOS:000251726700001 ER PT J AU Stefansson, SO Nilsen, TO Ebbesson, LOE Wargelius, A Madsen, SS Bjornsson, BT McCormick, SD AF Stefansson, Sigurd O. Nilsen, Tom O. Ebbesson, Lars O. E. Wargelius, Anna Madsen, Steffen S. Bjornsson, Bjorn Th. McCormick, Stephen D. TI Molecular mechanisms of continuous light inhibition of Atlantic salmon parr-smolt transformation SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Salmonid Smoltification CY JUL, 2005 CL Tono, JAPAN DE Na+,K+-ATPase; a subunit; NKCC; growth hormone; IGF-1; cortisol; thyroid hormones ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; CFTR ANION CHANNEL; SEAWATER ADAPTATION; BROWN TROUT; GENE-EXPRESSION; K+-ATPASE; NA+,K+,2CL(-) COTRANSPORTER; NA+,K+-ATPASE EXPRESSION; DIFFERENT PHOTOPERIODS; HORMONE ENDOCRINOLOGY AB Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rely on changes in photoperiod for the synchronization of the developmental events constituting the parr-smolt transformation. In the absence of photoperiod cues, parr-smolt transformation is incomplete, and such 'pseudo-smolts' normally fail to adapt to seawater. The present study addresses the endocrine and molecular mechanisms controlling the development of hypo-osmoregulatory ability and how artificial photoperiod can disrupt these changes. Juvenile Atlantic salmon reared under constant light (LL) from first feeding, were separated into two groups, and exposed to either LL or simulated natural photoperiod (LDN) from October, eight months prior to the expected completion of smoltification. Juveniles reared on LL grew well, but failed to show the smolt-related reduction in condition factor in spring. Gill mRNA levels of Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) isoform alpha 1a decreased in LDN fish through completion of parr-smolt transformation, while levels remained unchanged in the LL group. In contrast, alpha 1b expression increased 6-fold in the LDN group between February and May, again with no change in the LL group. Further, Na+, K+, 2Cl(-) co-transporter (NKCC) showed a transient increase in expression in smolts on LDN between February and May, while no changes in mRNA levels were seen in juveniles under LL. Consequently, gill NKA activity and NKA alpha and NKCC protein abundance were significantly lower in juveniles on LL than in smolts on LDN. LL fish in spring had lower circulating levels of thyroid hormones (THs), growth hormone (GH) and cortisol. Gill GH-receptor mRNA levels, determined by quantitative PCR, were less than 50% of controls. In contrast, circulating levels of IGF-1 and gill IGF-1 receptor expression, were comparable to controls. Our findings show that continuous light prevents the completion of parr-smolt transformation at a very basic level, disrupting the natural up-regulation of key elements of the endocrine system involved in the regulation of the parr-smolt transformation, and consequently inhibiting the smoltification-related increase in expression, abundance and activity of gill ion transport proteins. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stefansson, Sigurd O.; Nilsen, Tom O.; Ebbesson, Lars O. E.] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, Bergen High Technol Ctr, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Wargelius, Anna] Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. [Madsen, Steffen S.] Odense Univ, Univ So Denmark, Inst Biol, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark. [Bjornsson, Bjorn Th.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Zool Zoophysiol, Fish Endocrinol Lab, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [McCormick, Stephen D.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Stefansson, SO (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, Bergen High Technol Ctr, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. EM Sigurd.Stefansson@ifm.uib.no RI Bjornsson, Bjorn/B-9161-2008; Ebbesson, Lars/F-9385-2011; OI Bjornsson, Bjorn/0000-0002-1310-9756; Madsen, Steffen Sondergaard/0000-0002-5785-7094 NR 44 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD DEC 18 PY 2007 VL 273 IS 2-3 BP 235 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.10.005 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 251BX UT WOS:000252346700008 ER PT J AU Shrimpton, JM Zydlewski, JD Heath, JW AF Shrimpton, J. Mark Zydlewski, Joseph D. Heath, John W. TI Effect of daily oscillation in temperature and increased suspended sediment on growth and smolting in juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Salmonid Smoltification CY JUL, 2005 CL Tono, JAPAN DE growth; smolting; temperature; suspended sediment; chinook salmon ID PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS RESPONSES; ATLANTIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RAINBOW-TROUT; HEADWATER STREAMS; CORTISOL; KISUTCH; PARR; BEHAVIOR AB We examined the effect of temperature oscillation and increased suspended sediment concentration on growth and smolting in juvenile ocean-type chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Fish were ponded on February 26; each treatment group had three replicates of 250 fish. Mean temperatures for the entire experiment were 12.3 degrees C for all tanks with a total of 1348 and 1341 degree days for the constant temperature and oscillating temperature tanks, respectively. Daily fluctuation in temperature averaged 7.5 degrees C in the variable temperature groups and less than 1 degrees C for the constant temperature group. Starting on April 5, bentonite clay was added each day to tanks as a pulse event to achieve a suspended sediment concentration of 200 mg l(-1); clay cleared from the tanks within approximately 8 h. Fish were sampled at approximately two week intervals from ponding until mid-June. On the last sample date, June 12, a single gill arch was removed and fixed for histological examination of gill morphology. By early May, significant differences were seen in size between the groups; control>temperature=sediment>(temperature x sediment). This relationship was consistent throughout the experiment except for the last sample date when the temperature group had a mean weight significantly greater than the sediment group. Gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity was not affected by daily temperature oscillations, but groups subjected to increased suspended sediment had significantly lower enzyme activities compared to controls. Mean cell size for gill chloride cells did not differ between groups. Plasma cortisol increased significantly during the spring, but there were no significant differences between groups. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shrimpton, J. Mark] Univ No British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. [Zydlewski, Joseph D.] USGS, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Heath, John W.] Yellow Island Aquaculture Ltd, Campbell River, BC V9W 6K9, Canada. RP Shrimpton, JM (reprint author), Univ No British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. EM shrimptm@unbc.ca NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 17 U2 88 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD DEC 18 PY 2007 VL 273 IS 2-3 BP 269 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.10.009 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 251BX UT WOS:000252346700012 ER PT J AU Poppinga, J Kittilson, J McCormick, SD Sheridan, MA AF Poppinga, Jayson Kittilson, Jeffrey McCormick, Stephen D. Sheridan, Mark A. TI Effects of somatostatin on the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor axis and seawater adaptation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Salmonid Smoltification CY JUL, 2005 CL Tono, JAPAN DE osmoregulation; somatostatin; growth hormone; growth hormone receptor; insulin-like growth factor ID COHO SALMON; FACTOR-I; CHLORIDE CELLS; ATLANTIC SALMON; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; GILL NA+,K+-ATPASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; TELEOST FISH; IGF-I; KISUTCH AB Growth hormone (GH) has been shown to contribute to the seawater (SW) adaptability of euryhaline fish both directly and indirectly through insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). This study examined the role of somatostatin-14 (SS-14), a potent inhibitor of GH, on the GH-IGF-1 axis and seawater adaptation. Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were injected intraperitoneally with SS-14 or saline and transferred to 20 ppt seawater. A slight elevation in plasma chloride levels was accompanied by significantly reduced gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity in SS-14-treated fish compared to control fish 12 h after SW transfer. Seawater increased hepatic mRNA levels of GH receptor 1 (GHR 1; 239%), GHR 2 (48%), and IGF-1 (103%) in control fish 12 It after transfer. Levels of GHR 1 (155%), GHR 2 (121%), IGF-1 (200%), IGF-1 receptor A (IGFR1A; 62%), and IGFR1B (157%) increased in the gills of control fish 12 h after transfer. SS-14 abolished or attenuated SW-induced changes in the expression of GHR, IGF-1, and IGFR mRNAs in liver and gill. These results indicate that SS-14 reduces seawater adaptability by inhibiting the GH-IGF-1 axis. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Poppinga, Jayson; Kittilson, Jeffrey; Sheridan, Mark A.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Poppinga, Jayson; Kittilson, Jeffrey; Sheridan, Mark A.] N Dakota State Univ, Regulat Biosci Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Sheridan, MA (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Mark.Sheridan@ndsu.edu RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 34 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD DEC 18 PY 2007 VL 273 IS 2-3 BP 312 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.10.021 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 251BX UT WOS:000252346700016 ER PT J AU McCormick, SD Shrimpton, JM Moriyama, S Bjornsson, BT AF McCormick, Stephen D. Shrimpton, J. Mark Moriyama, Shunsuke Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur TI Differential hormonal responses of Atlantic salmon parr and smolt to increased daylength: A possible developmental basis for smolting SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Salmonid Smoltification CY JUL, 2005 CL Tono, JAPAN ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; HYPOOSMOREGULATORY ABILITY; THYROID-HORMONES; RAINBOW-TROUT; K+ ATPASE; SALAR; TEMPERATURE; PHOTOPERIOD AB In order to elucidate the developmental basis for smolting, Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, parr (<11.5 cm) and smolts (>12.5 cm) were exposed to natural daylength (LDN) and increased daylength (LD 16:8) starting in late February and gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity and circulating hormone levels monitored from January to May. Gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity remained low and constant in both groups of parr. In smolts, gill Na+,K+-ATPase began increasing in late February in both photoperiods, but was significantly higher in the LD 16:8 group from March through April. Smolts exposed to LD 16:8 had dramatically elevated plasma GH within one week of increased daylength that remained high through April, whereas plasma GH of LDN smolts increased steadily beginning in late February and peaking in late April. Plasma GH levels of parr remained low in spring and did not respond to increased daylength. Plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels were substantially higher in smolts than parr in January. Plasma IGF-I levels of parr increased steadily from January to May, but there was no influence of increased daylength. In smolts, plasma IGF-I of LD 16:8 fish initially decreased in early March then increased in late March and April, whereas plasma IGF-I of LDN smolts increased steadily to peak levels in early April. Plasma cortisol was low in parr throughout spring and did not differ between photoperiod treatments. Plasma cortisol of LD 16:8 smolts increased in early March and remained elevated through April, whereas in LDN smolts plasma cortisol did not increase until early April and peaked in late April. Plasma thyroid hormones were generally higher in smolts than in parr, but there was no clear effect of increased daylength in parr or smolts. The greater capacity of the GH/IGF-I and cortisol axes to respond to increased daylength may be a critical factor underlying smolt development. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McCormick, Stephen D.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01349 USA. [Shrimpton, J. Mark] Univ No British Columbia, Biol Program, Prince George, BC V2L 5P2, Canada. [Moriyama, Shunsuke] Kitasato Univ, Sch Fisheries, Mol Endocrinol Lab, Sanriku, Iwate, Japan. [Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur] Gothenburg Univ, Dept Zool Zoophysiol, Fish Endocrinol Lab, S-41124 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP McCormick, SD (reprint author), USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01349 USA. EM mccormick@umext.umass.edu RI Bjornsson, Bjorn/B-9161-2008 OI Bjornsson, Bjorn/0000-0002-1310-9756 NR 37 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 8 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD DEC 18 PY 2007 VL 273 IS 2-3 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.10.015 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 251BX UT WOS:000252346700019 ER PT J AU Domagalski, J Lin, C Luo, Y Kang, J Wang, S Brown, LR Munn, MD AF Domagalski, Joseph Lin, Chao Luo, Yang Kang, Jie Wang, Shaoming Brown, Larry R. Munn, Mark D. TI Eutrophication study at the Panjiakou-Daheiting reservoir system, northern Hebei province, people's republic of China: Chlorophyll-a model and sources of phosphorus and nitrogen SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE eutrophication; northern China phosphorus; nitrogen; nitrogen isotopes ID FRESH-WATER; SEAWATER; NITRATE AB Concentrations, loads, and sources of nitrate and total phosphorus were investigated at the Panjiakou and Daheiting Reservoir system in northern Hebei Province, People's Republic of China. The Luan He River is the primary source of water to these reservoirs, and the upstream watershed has a mix of land uses including agriculture, forest, and one large urban center. The reservoirs have a primary use for storage of drinking water and partially supply Tianjin City with its annual needs. Secondary uses include flood control and aqua culture (fish cages). The response of the reservoir system from phosphorus input, with respect to chlorophyll-a production from algae, was fitted to a model of normalized phosphorus loading that regresses the average summer-time chlorophyll-a concentration to the average annual phosphorus concentration of the reservoir. Comparison of the normalized phosphorus loading and chlorophyll-a response of this system to other reservoirs throughout the world indicate a level of eutrophication that will require up to an approximate 5-10-fold decrease in annual phosphorus load to bring the system to a more acceptable level of algal productivity. Isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen in dissolved nitrate were measured from the headwater streams and at various locations along the major rivers that provide the majority of water to these reservoirs. Those isotopic measurements indicate that the sources of nitrate change from natural background in the rivers to animal manure and septic waste upstream of the reservoir. Although the isotopic measurements suggest that animal and septic wastes are a primary source of nutrients, measurements of the molar ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus are more indicative of row-cropping practices. Options for reduction of nutrient loads include changing the management practices of the aqua culture, installation of new sewage treatment systems in the large urbanized area of the upper watershed, and agricultural management practices that would reduce the loading of nutrients and soil erosion from that land use. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Domagalski, Joseph; Brown, Larry R.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Lin, Chao; Luo, Yang; Kang, Jie; Wang, Shaoming] Hai He River Water Conservancy Commiss, Tianjin 300170, Peoples R China. [Munn, Mark D.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Domagalski, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J Str,Pl Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM joed@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 38 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD DEC 16 PY 2007 VL 94 IS 1-3 BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2007.08.002 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 244DI UT WOS:000251845800005 ER PT J AU Clark, ME Martin, TE AF Clark, M. E. Martin, T. E. TI Modeling tradeoffs in avian life history traits and consequences for population growth SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE birds; life history traits; population dynamics; simulation model; elasticity ID CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; MARKED ANIMALS; NEST PREDATION; SURVIVAL; BIRDS; FRAGMENTATION; MECHANISMS; RECAPTURE; EVOLUTION; SELECTION AB Variation in population dynamics is inherently related to life history characteristics of species, which vary markedly even within phylogenetic groups such as passerine birds. We computed the finite rate of population change (lambda) from a matrix projection model and from mark-recapture observations for 23 bird species breeding in northern Arizona. We used sensitivity analyses and a simulation model to separate contributions of different life history traits to population growth rate. in particular we focused on contrasting effects of components of reproduction (nest success, clutch size, number of clutches, and juvenile survival) versus adult survival on lambda. We explored how changes in nest success or adult survival coupled to costs in other life history parameters affected lambda over a life history gradient provided by our 23 Arizona species, as well as a broader sample of 121 North American passerine species. We further examined these effects for more than 200 passeriform and piciform populations breeding across North America. Model simulations indicate nest success and juvenile survival exert the largest effects on population growth in species with moderate to high reproductive output, whereas adult survival contributed more to population growth in long-lived species. Our simulations suggest that monitoring breeding success in populations across a broad geographic area provides an important index for identifying neotropical migratory populations at risk of serious population declines and a potential method for identifying large-scale mechanisms regulating population dynamics. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Clark, M. E.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Martin, T. E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, USGS Biol Resources Discipline, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Clark, ME (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM m.e.clark@ndsu.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 39 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 16 PY 2007 VL 209 IS 2-4 BP 110 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.06.008 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 241AM UT WOS:000251629300004 ER PT J AU Eckard, RS Hernes, PJ Bergamaschi, BA Stepanauskas, R Kendall, C AF Eckard, Robert S. Hernes, Peter J. Bergamaschi, Brian A. Stepanauskas, Ramunas Kendall, Carol TI Landscape scale controls on the vascular plant component of dissolved organic carbon across a freshwater delta SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SAN-JOAQUIN DELTA; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; ARCTIC-OCEAN; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; MATTER SOURCES; CUO OXIDATION; STABLE CARBON; AMAZON-RIVER; LIGNIN AB Lignin phenol concentrations and compositions were determined on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) extracts (XAD resins) within the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (the Delta), the tidal freshwater portion of the San Francisco Bay Estuary, located in central California, USA. Fourteen stations were sampled, including the following habitats and land-use types: wetland, riverine, channelized waterway, open water, and island drains. Stations were sampled approximately. seasonally from December, 1999 through May, 2001. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.3mgL(-1) within the Sacramento River to 39.9 mg L-1 at the outfall from an island drain (median 3.0 mg L-1), while lignin concentrations ranged from 3.0 mu g L-1 within the Sacramento River to I I I mu g L-1 at the outfall from an island drain (median 11.6 mu g L-1). Both DOC and lignin concentrations varied significantly among habitat/land-use types and among sampling stations. Carbon-normalized lignin yields ranged from 0.07 mg (100 mg OC)(-1) at an island drain to 0.84 mg (100 mg OC)-1 for a wetland (median 0.36 mg (100 mg OC)(-1)), and also varied significantly among habitat/land-use types. A simple mass balance model indicated that the Delta acted as a source of lignin during late autumn through spring (10-83% increase) and a sink for lignin during summer and autumn (13-39% decrease). Endmember mixing models using S:V and C:V signatures of landscape scale features indicated strong temporal variation in sources of DOC export from the Delta, with riverine source signatures responsible for 50% of DOC in summer and winter, wetland signatures responsible for 40% of DOC in summer, winter, and late autumn, and island drains responsible for 40% of exported DOC in late autumn. A significant negative correlation was observed between carbon-normalized lignin yields and DOC bioavailability in two of the 14 sampling stations. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to describe organic vascular plant DOC sources at the level of localized landscape features, and is also the first to indicate a significant negative correlation between lignin and DOC bioavailability within environmental samples. Based upon observed trends: (1) Delta features exhibit significant spatial variability in organic chemical composition, and (2) localized Delta features appear to exert strong controls on terrigenous DOC as it passes through the Delta and is exported into the Pacific Ocean. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Eckard, Robert S.; Hernes, Peter J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bergamaschi, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Stepanauskas, Ramunas] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. [Kendall, Carol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hernes, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pjhernes@ucdavis.edu OI Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Stepanauskas, Ramunas/0000-0003-4458-3108 NR 49 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 24 BP 5968 EP 5984 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.09.027 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 242ET UT WOS:000251708000009 ER PT J AU Bern, CR Porder, S Townsend, AR AF Bern, Carleton R. Porder, Stephen Townsend, Alan R. TI Erosion and landscape development decouple strontium and sulfur in the transition to dominance by atmospheric inputs SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE nutrients; landfonn evolution; soil erosion; Sr-87/Sr-86; S-34/S-32 ID COSTA-RICA; SULFATE ADSORPTION; ISOTOPE RATIOS; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; STABLE SULFUR; HUBBARD-BROOK; SOILS; CHEMISTRY AB Weathering and leaching can progressively deplete the pools of soluble, rock-derived elements in soils and ecosystems over millennial time-scales, such that productivity increasingly relies on inputs from atmospheric deposition. This transition has been explored using strontium isotopes, which have been widely assumed to be a proxy for the provenance of other rock-derived elements. We compared rock versus atmospheric proportions of strontium to those for sulfur, a plant macronutrient, at several tropical forest sites in Hawaii and Costa Rica. Isotopic analyses reveal that sulfur is often decoupled from strontium in the transition to atmospheric dependence. Decoupling is likely the result of differences in chemical factors such as atmospheric input rates, mobility in the soil environment, and mineral weathering susceptibility. Strontium and sulfur decoupling appears to be accentuated by the physical process of erosion. Erosion rates are presumed to be high on the Osa Peninsula of Costa Rica, where the recent onset of rapid tectonic uplift has placed the landscape in a transient state. Decoupling is strong there, as erosion has rejuvenated the supply of rock-derived strontium but not sulfur. The landscape response to changes in tectonic uplift on the Osa Peninsula has produced decoupling at the landscape scale. Decoupling is more variable along a Hawaiian catena, presumably due to smaller scale variations in erosion rates and their influence on rejuvenation of rock-strontium inputs. These results illustrate how chemical and physical processes can interact to produce contrasting origins for different nutrient elements in soils and the ecosystems they support. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. INSTAAR, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Bern, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cbern@usgs.gov; stephen_porder@brown.edu; alan.townsend@colorado.edu OI Bern, Carleton/0000-0002-8980-1781 NR 78 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 142 IS 3-4 BP 274 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.08.016 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 238TQ UT WOS:000251470900005 ER PT J AU Bridges, NT Geissler, PE McEwen, AS Thomson, BJ Chuang, FC Herkenhoff, KE Keszthelyi, LP Martinez-Alonso, S AF Bridges, N. T. Geissler, P. E. McEwen, A. S. Thomson, B. J. Chuang, F. C. Herkenhoff, K. E. Keszthelyi, L. P. Martinez-Alonso, S. TI Windy Mars: A dynamic planet as seen by the HiRISE camera SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MEDUSAE FOSSAE FORMATION; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; THERMAL INERTIA; ORBITER CAMERA; MOVEMENT; MISSION; REGION; MODEL AB With a dynamic atmosphere and a large supply of particulate material, the surface of Mars is heavily influenced by wind-driven, or aeolian, processes. The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) provides a new view of Martian geology, with the ability to see decimeter-size features. Current sand movement, and evidence for recent bedform development, is observed. Dunes and ripples generally exhibit complex surfaces down to the limits of resolution. Yardangs have diverse textures, with some being massive at HiRISE scale, others having horizontal and cross-cutting layers of variable character, and some exhibiting blocky and polygonal morphologies. "Reticulate'' ( fine polygonal texture) bedforms are ubiquitous in the thick mantle at the highest elevations. C1 [Bridges, N. T.; Thomson, B. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Geissler, P. E.; Herkenhoff, K. E.; Keszthelyi, L. P.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [McEwen, A. S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Chuang, F. C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Martinez-Alonso, S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bridges, NT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM nathan.bridges@jpl.nasa.gov RI Martinez-Alonso, Sara/D-8594-2011; Bridges, Nathan/D-6341-2016; OI Martinez-Alonso, Sara/0000-0001-5185-8670; Thomson, Bradley/0000-0001-8635-8932 NR 39 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 23 AR L23205 DI 10.1029/2007GL031445 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 241XY UT WOS:000251690300001 ER PT J AU Keszthelyi, L Jaeger, W Milazzo, M Radebaugh, J Davies, AG Mitchell, KL AF Keszthelyi, Laszlo Jaeger, Windy Milazzo, Moses Radebaugh, Jani Davies, Ashley Gerard Mitchell, Karl L. TI New estimates for Io eruption temperatures: Implications for the interior SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Io; volcanism; interiors ID HEAT-FLOW; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; THERMODYNAMIC MODEL; VISCOELASTIC MODELS; SILICATE VOLCANISM; THERMAL EMISSION; ACTIVE VOLCANISM; TVASHTAR CATENA; HOT-SPOTS; LAVA AB The initial interpretation of Galileo data from Jupiter's moon, to, suggested eruption temperatures >= 1600 degrees C. Tidal heating models have difficulties explaining Io's prodigious heat flow if the mantle is > 1300 degrees C, although we suggest that temperatures up to similar to 1450 degrees C may be possible. In general, Io eruption temperatures have been overestimated because the incorrect thermal model has been applied. Much of the thermal emission from high-temperature hot spots comes from lava fountains but lava flow models were utilized. We apply a new lava fountain model to the highest reported eruption temperature, the SSI observation of the 1997 eruption at Pillan. This resets the lower temperature limit for the eruption from similar to 1600 to similar to 1340 degrees C. Additionally, viscous heating of the magma may have increased eruption temperature by -50-100 degrees C as a result of the strong compressive stresses in the ionian lithosphere. While further work is needed, it appears that the discrepancy between observations and interior models is largely resolved. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Keszthelyi, Laszlo; Jaeger, Windy] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Milazzo, Moses] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Radebaugh, Jani] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Davies, Ashley Gerard; Mitchell, Karl L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Keszthelyi, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM laz@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 192 IS 2 BP 491 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.008 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 244EU UT WOS:000251850000016 ER PT J AU Sebol, LA Robertson, WD Busenberg, E Plummer, LN Ryan, MC Schiff, SL AF Sebol, L. A. Robertson, W. D. Busenberg, E. Plummer, L. N. Ryan, M. C. Schiff, S. L. TI Evidence of CFC degradation in groundwater under pyrite-oxidizing conditions SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CFCs; groundwater; age; nitrate; tritium; helium ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS CCL3F; HYDROLOGIC TRACERS; DATING TOOLS; NITRATE; AGE; DENITRIFICATION; SEDIMENTS; AQUIFER AB A detailed local-scale monitoring network was used to assess CFC distribution in an unconfined sand aquifer in southwestern Ontario where the zone of 1-5-year-old groundwater was known with certainty because of prior use of a bromide tracer. Groundwater <= 5 years old was confined to an aerobic zone at <=,5 m depth and had CFC concentrations consistent with modern atmospheric mixing ratios at recharge temperatures of 7-11 degrees C,, as was observed in the 3-m thick vadose zone at the site. At depths below 6 m, the groundwater became progressively more reducing, however, with a denitrifying horizon at 6-7 m depth, and a Mn and Fe reducing zone below 7 m depth. In the anaerobic zone, (3)H/(3)He ratios indicated that groundwater-age continued to increase uniformly with depth, to a maximum value of 27 years at 13 m depth. CFC concentrations, however, decreased abruptly within the denitrifying zone, leading to substantial age overestimation compared to the (3)H/(3)He ages. Noble gas data indicated that the apparent CFC mass loss was not likely the result of gas stripping from possible bubble formation; thus, CFC degradation was indicated in the anoxic zone. The field data are consistent with first-order degradation rates of 0.3 yr(-1) for CFC-12, 0.7 yr(-1) for CFC-11, and 1.6 yr(-1) for CFC-113. CFC attenuation at this site coincides with a zone where reduced S (pyrite) is actively oxidized by NO(3) and dissolved oxygen (DO). Similar behavior has been observed at other sites [Tesoriero, A.J., Liebscher, H., Cox, S.E., 2000. Mechanism and rate of denitrification in an agricultural watershed: electron and mass balance along groundwater flow path. Water Resour. Res. 36 (6), 1545-1559; Hinsby, K., Hojberg, A.L., Engesgaard, P., Jensen, K.H., Larsen, F., Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., Accepted for publication. Transport and degradation of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in a pyritic aquifer, Rabis Creek, Denmark. Water Resour. Res.], further demonstrating that the use of CFCs for age-dating anaerobic groundwater should be approached with caution, particularly if the sediment contains pyrite. (c) 200 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. RP Robertson, WD (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, 200 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM wroberts@sciborg.uwaterioo.ca RI Ryan, M. Cathryn/F-8825-2011; OI Ryan, M. Cathryn/0000-0001-8117-3525; Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 347 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.08.009 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 238SK UT WOS:000251467700001 ER PT J AU Bozorgnia, Y Campbell, KW Luco, N Moehle, JP Naeim, F Somerville, P Yang, TY AF Bozorgnia, Yousef Campbell, Kenneth W. Luco, Nicolas Moehle, Jack P. Naeim, Farzad Somerville, Paul Yang, T. Y. TI Ground motion issues for seismic analysis of tall buildings: A status report SO STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF TALL AND SPECIAL BUILDINGS LA English DT Article AB The Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) is coordinating a major multidisciplinary programme, the Tall Buildings Initiative (TBI), to address critical technical issues related to the design and analysis of new tall buildings located in coastal California. The authors of this paper, listed alphabetically, are involved in various research studies related to ground motion modelling, selection, modification and simulation for analysis of tall buildings. This paper summarizes the scope and progress of ongoing activities related to ground motion issues for response history analysis of tall buildings. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Bozorgnia, Yousef; Moehle, Jack P.; Yang, T. Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Pacific Earthquake Engn Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Campbell, Kenneth W.] ABS EQECAT, Beaverton, OR USA. [Luco, Nicolas] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. [Naeim, Farzad] John A Martin & Assoc, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Somerville, Paul] URS Corp, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Bozorgnia, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Pacific Earthquake Engn Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yousef@berkeley.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1541-7794 J9 STRUCT DES TALL SPEC JI Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 665 EP 674 DI 10.1002/ta1.438 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 254NT UT WOS:000252594000011 ER PT J AU Quist, MC Bower, MR Hubert, WA AF Quist, Michael C. Bower, Michael R. Hubert, Wayne A. TI Infection by a black spot-causing species of Uvulifer and associated opercular alterations in fishes from a high-desert stream in Wyoming SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE black spot disease; Uvulifer sp.; opercular lesions; Colorado River; native fish ID RAINBOW-TROUT; LIFE-CYCLE; MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS; DISEASE; TREMATODA; LAKE; STONEROLLERS; AMBLOPLITIS; CYPRINIDAE; STRIGEIDA AB Black spot is a common disease syndrome of freshwater fishes. This study provides information on the rank of density of the black spot agent and opercular bone alterations associated with at least one digenean, Uvulifer sp., infecting native and non-native catostomids and cyprinids of the Upper Colorado River Basin. We evaluated the density rank of pigmented metacercariae and associated alterations in the operculum of the bluehead sucker Catostomus discobolus, flannelmouth sucker C. latipinnis, white sucker C. commersoni, catostomid hybrids, roundtail chub Gila robusta, and creek chub Semotilus atromaculatus, sampled from Muddy Creek, Wyoming, USA in 2003 or 2004. All fish species contained individuals that exhibited gross signs of the black spot agent. Bluehead and flannelmouth suckers had 100% prevalence of infection. Although the other suckers and chubs contained encysted metacercariae in at least one individual, the presence of pigmented metacercariae was not apparent (i.e. based on gross observations) in many individuals. Catostomids had higher densities of metacercariae than cyprinids, as shown by frequency distributions of density ranks. Opercular holes (i.e. holes that completely penetrated the opercle and were in direct association with the pigment associated metacercariae) and pockets (depressions on the external surface of the opercle associated with metacercariae) were abundant among catostomids but rare among cyprinids. C1 [Quist, Michael C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bower, Michael R.] Natl Pk Serv, Death Valley, CA 92328 USA. [Hubert, Wayne A.] Univ Wyoming, Dept 3166, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Quist, MC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mcquist@iastate.edu NR 30 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 78 IS 2 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.3354/dao01875 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 253VU UT WOS:000252546500005 PM 18286809 ER PT J AU Bartholomew, JL Atkinson, SD Hallett, SL Zielinski, CM Foott, JS AF Bartholomew, Jerri L. Atkinson, Stephen D. Hallett, Sascha L. Zielinski, Christopher M. Foott, J. Scott TI Distribution and abundance of the salmonid parasite Parvicapsula minibicornis (Myxozoa) in the Klamath River basin (Oregon-California, USA) SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE distribution; abundance; salmonid parasite; Parvicapsula minibicorni; myxosporea; Klamath River basin ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; CERATOMYXA-SHASTA; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; FRASER-RIVER; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; MYXOSPOREAN PARASITE; MANAYUNKIA-SPECIOSA; INFECTIVE STAGE; LIFE-CYCLE AB The distribution and abundance of the myxosporean parasite Parvicapsula minibicornis in the Klamath River mirrored that of Ceratomyxa shasta, with which it shares both its vertebrate and invertebrate host. Assay of fish held at sentinel sites and water samples collected from those sites showed that parasite prevalence was highest below Iron Gate dam, which is the barrier to anadromous salmon passage. Above this barrier parasite levels fluctuated, with the parasite detected in the free-flowing river reaches between reservoirs. This was consistent with infection prevalence in the polychaete host, Manayunkia speciosa, which was greater than 1 % only in populations tested below Iron Gate dam. Although a low prevalence of infection was detected in juvenile out-migrant fish in the Trinity River, the tributaries tested did not appear to be a significant source of the parasite to the mainstem despite the presence of large numbers of infected adult salmon that migrate and spawn there. Rainbow trout became infected during sentinel exposure, which expands the host range for P. minibicornis and suggests that wild rainbow trout populations are a reservoir for infection, especially above Iron Gate dam. High parasite prevalence in the lower Klamath River is likely a combined effect of high spore input from heavily infected, spawned adult salmon and the proximity to dense populations of polychaetes. C1 [Bartholomew, Jerri L.; Atkinson, Stephen D.; Hallett, Sascha L.; Zielinski, Christopher M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fish Dis Res, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Foott, J. Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, California Nevada Fish Hlth Ctr, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. RP Bartholomew, JL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fish Dis Res, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bartholj@science.oregonstate.edu NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 78 IS 2 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.3354/dao01877 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 253VU UT WOS:000252546500006 PM 18286810 ER PT J AU Schroth, AW Bostick, BC Graham, M Kaste, JM Mitchell, MJ Friedland, AJ AF Schroth, Andrew W. Bostick, Benjamin C. Graham, Margaret Kaste, James M. Mitchell, Myron J. Friedland, Andrew J. TI Sulfur species behavior in soil organic matter during decomposition SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; XANES SPECTROSCOPY; SPECIATION; CONSTITUENTS; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; ACID; USA AB [1] Soil organic matter (SOM) is a primary reservoir of terrestrial sulfur (S), but its role in the global S cycle remains poorly understood. We examine S speciation by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to describe S species behavior during SOM decomposition. Sulfur species in SOM were best represented by organic sulfide, sulfoxide, sulfonate, and sulfate. The highest fraction of S in litter was organic sulfide, but as decomposition progressed, relative fractions of sulfonate and sulfate generally increased. Over 6-month laboratory incubations, organic sulfide was most reactive, suggesting that a fraction of this species was associated with a highly labile pool of SOM. During humification, relative concentrations of sulfoxide consistently decreased, demonstrating the importance of sulfoxide as a reactive S phase in soil. Sulfonate fractional abundance increased during humification irrespective of litter type, illustrating its relative stability in soils. The proportion of S species did not differ systematically by litter type, but organic sulfide became less abundant in conifer SOM during decomposition, while sulfate fractional abundance increased. Conversely, deciduous SOM exhibited lesser or nonexistent shifts in organic sulfide and sulfate fractions during decomposition, possibly suggesting that S reactivity in deciduous litter is coupled to rapid C mineralization and independent of S speciation. All trends were consistent in soils across study sites. We conclude that S reactivity is related to speciation in SOM, particularly in conifer forests, and S species fractions in SOM change during decomposition. Our data highlight the importance of intermediate valence species (sulfoxide and sulfonate) in the pedochemical cycling of organic bound S. C1 [Schroth, Andrew W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bostick, Benjamin C.; Graham, Margaret; Kaste, James M.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Friedland, Andrew J.] Dartmouth Coll, Environm Studies Program, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Mitchell, Myron J.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Schroth, AW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM aschroth@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC 11 PY 2007 VL 112 IS G4 BP 1 EP 10 AR G04011 DI 10.1029/2007JG000538 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 241YP UT WOS:000251692000001 ER PT J AU Wargo, AR Huijben, S de Roode, JC Shepherd, J Read, AF AF Wargo, Andrew R. Huijben, Silvie de Roode, Jacobus C. Shepherd, James Read, Andrew F. TI Competitive release and facilitation of drug-resistant parasites after therapeutic chemotherapy in a rodent malaria model SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE competition; evolution of drug resistance; Plasmodium chabaudi; transmission; in-host ecology ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; HOST COMPETITION; UNSTABLE MALARIA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS; EVOLUTION AB Malaria infections frequently consist of mixtures of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive parasites. If crowding occurs, where clonal population densities are suppressed by the presence of coinfecting clones, removal of susceptible clones by drug treatment could allow resistant clones to expand into the newly vacated niche space within a host. Theoretical models show that, if such competitive release occurs, it can be a potent contributor to the strength of selection, greatly accelerating the rate at which resistance spreads in a population. A variety of correlational field data suggest that competitive release could occur in human malaria populations, but direct evidence cannot be ethically obtained from human infections. Here we show competitive release after pyrimethamine curative chemotherapy of acute infections of the rodent malaria Plasmodium chabaudi in laboratory mice. The expansion of resistant parasite numbers after treatment resulted in enhanced transmission-stage densities. After the elimination or near-elimination of sensitive parasites, the number of resistant parasites increased beyond that achieved when a competitor had never been present. Thus, a substantial competitive release occurred, markedly elevating the fitness advantages of drug resistance above those arising from survival alone. This finding may explain the rapid spread of drug resistance and the subsequently brief useful lifespans of some antimalarial drugs. In a second experiment, where subcurative chemotherapy was administered, the resistant clone was only partly released from competitive suppression and experienced a restriction in the size of its expansion after treatment. This finding raises the prospect of harnessing in-host ecology to slow the spread of drug resistance. C1 [Wargo, Andrew R.; Huijben, Silvie; de Roode, Jacobus C.; Shepherd, James; Read, Andrew F.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Evolut Biol & Immunol & Infect Res, Ashworth Lab, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland. [Wargo, Andrew R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wargo, Andrew R.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [de Roode, Jacobus C.] Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Read, Andrew F.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, Dept Biol Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Wargo, AR (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Evolut Biol & Immunol & Infect Res, Ashworth Lab, W Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland. EM awargo@u.washington.edu FU Wellcome Trust NR 58 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 11 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 50 BP 19914 EP 19919 DI 10.1073/pnas.0707766104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 242UR UT WOS:000251752200049 PM 18056635 ER PT J AU Flint, PL AF Flint, Paul L. TI Applying the scientific method when assessing the influence of migratory birds on the dispersal of H5N1 SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; WILD BIRDS; SPREAD; ASIA AB Background: The role of wild birds in the dispersal of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 continues to be the subject of considerable debate. However, some researchers functionally examining the same question are applying opposing null hypotheses when examining this issue. Discussion: I describe the correct method for establishing a null hypothesis under the scientific method. I suggest that the correct null hypothesis is that migratory birds can disperse this virus during migration and encourage researchers to design studies to falsify this null. Finally, I provide several examples where statements made during this debate, while strictly true, are not generally informative or are speculative. Summary: By adhering to the scientific method, definitive answers regarding the role of wild birds in the dispersal of highly pathogenic viruses will be reached more effectively. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Flint, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM paul_flint@usgs.gov OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD DEC 4 PY 2007 VL 4 AR 132 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-4-132 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA 250AQ UT WOS:000252272800001 PM 18053215 ER PT J AU Kroeker, R Sackett, G Reynolds, J AF Kroeker, Rose Sackett, Gene Reynolds, Joel TI Statistical methods for describing developmental milestones with censored data: Effects of birth weight status and sex in neonatal Pigtailed Macaques SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE censored data; milestones; development; analysis methods ID NEUROBEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; NEWBORNS; BEHAVIOR AB Neurobehavioral tests are used to assess early neonatal behavioral functioning and detect effects of prenatal and perinatal events. However, common measurement and data collection methods create specific data features requiring thoughtful statistical analysis. Assessment response measurements are often ordinal scaled, not interval scaled; the magnitude of the physical response may not directly correlate with the underlying state of developmental maturity; and a subject's assessment record may be censored. Censoring occurs when the milestone is exhibited at the first test (left censoring), when the milestone is not exhibited before the end of the study (right censoring), or when the exact age of attaining the milestone is uncertain due to irregularly spaced test sessions or missing data (interval censoring). Such milestone data is best analyzed using survival analysis methods. Two methods are contrasted: the non-parametric Kaplan-Meier estimator and the fully parametric interval censored regression. The methods represent the spectrum of survival analyses in terms of parametric assumptions, ability to handle simultaneous testing of multiple predictors, and accommodation of different types of censoring. Both methods were used to assess birth weight status and sex effects on 14 separate test items from assessments on 255 healthy pigtailed macaques. The methods gave almost identical results. Compared to the normal birth weight group, the low birth weight group had significantly delayed development on all but one test item. Within the low birth weight group, males had significantly delayed development for some responses relative to females. C1 Univ Washington, Reg Primate Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Stat, Div Nat Resources, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Sackett, G (reprint author), Univ Washington, Reg Primate Res Ctr, Box 357330, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jsackett@bart.rprc.washington.edu RI Reynolds, Joel/E-1445-2011 OI Reynolds, Joel/0000-0003-4506-0501 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 00166]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD 02274, HD 08633] NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 69 IS 12 BP 1313 EP 1324 DI 10.1002/ajp.20440 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 230QZ UT WOS:000250892300001 PM 17437288 ER PT J AU Taylor, RC Buchanan, BW Doherty, JL AF Taylor, Ryan C. Buchanan, Bryant W. Doherty, Jessie L. TI Sexual selection in the squirrel treefrog Hyla squirella: the role of multimodal cue assessment in female choice SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE female choice; Hyla squirella; multimodal signalling; nocturnal vision; sexual selection; squirrel treefrog; visual assessment ID FROG PHYSALAEMUS-PUSTULOSUS; MALE MATING SUCCESS; DART-POISON FROG; MATE CHOICE; ACOUSTIC INTERFERENCE; PATTERN VARIATION; COMMUNICATION; BEHAVIOR; SIGNALS; ANURA AB Anuran amphibians have provided an excellent system for the study of animal communication and sexual selection. Studies of female mate choice in anurans, however, have focused almost exclusively on the role of auditory signals. In this study, we examined the effect of both auditory and visual cues on female choice in the squirrel treefrog. Our experiments used a two-choice protocol in which we varied male vocalization properties, visual cues, or both, to assess female preferences for the different cues. Females discriminated against high-frequency calls and expressed a strong preference for calls that contained more energy per unit time (faster call rate). Females expressed a preference for the visual stimulus of a model of a calling male when call properties at the two speakers were held the same. They also showed a significant attraction to a model possessing a relatively large lateral body stripe. These data indicate that visual cues do play a role in mate attraction in this nocturnal frog species. Furthermore, this study adds to a growing body of evidence that suggests that multimodal signals play an important role in sexual selection. (c) 2007 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Taylor, Ryan C.] Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Taylor, Ryan C.] Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX USA. [Buchanan, Bryant W.] SUNY Coll Technol Utica Rome, Dept Biol, Utica, NY USA. [Doherty, Jessie L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Taylor, RC (reprint author), Salisbury Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA. EM rctaylor@salisbury.edu NR 50 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 47 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 74 BP 1753 EP 1763 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.03.010 PN 6 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 246KZ UT WOS:000252007200018 ER PT J AU Kneeshaw, TA McGuire, JT Smith, EW Cozzarelli, IM AF Kneeshaw, Tara A. McGuire, Jennifer T. Smith, Erik W. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. TI Evaluation of sulfate reduction at experimentally induced mixing interfaces using small-scale push-pull tests in an aquifer-wetland system SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Annual Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union ID HYDROCARBON-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; IN-SITU DETERMINATION; ELECTRON-ACCEPTING PROCESSES; LANDFILL-LEACHATE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; NATURAL ATTENUATION; MUNICIPAL LANDFILL; RATES; GROUNDWATER; BIODEGRADATION AB This paper presents small-scale push-pull tests designed to evaluate the kinetic controls on SO42- reduction in situ at mixing interfaces between a wetland and aquifer impacted by landfill leachate at the Norman Landfill research site, Norman, OK. Quantifying the rates of redox reactions initiated at interfaces is of great interest because interfaces have been shown to be zones of increased biogeochemical transformations and thus may play an important role in natural attenuation. To mimic the aquifer-wetland interface and evaluate reaction rates, SO42--rich anaerobic aquifer water ( similar to 100 mg/L SO42-) was introduced into SO4 (2-)-depleted wetland porewater via push-pull tests. Results showed SO42- reduction was stimulated by the mixing of these waters and first-order rate coefficients were comparable to those measured in other push-pull studies. However, rate data were complex involving either multiple first-order rate coefficients or a more complex rate order. In addition, a lag phase was observed prior to SO42- reduction that persisted until the mixing interface between test solution and native water was recovered, irrespective of temporal and spatial constraints. The lag phase was not eliminated by the addition of electron donor (acetate) to the injected test solution. Subsequent push-pull tests designed to elucidate the nature of the lag phase support the importance of the mixing interface in controlling terminal electron accepting processes. These data suggest redox reactions may occur rapidly at the mixing interface between injected and native waters but not in the injected bulk water mass. Under these circumstances, push-pull test data should be evaluated to ensure the apparent rate is actually a function of time and that complexities in rate data be considered. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kneeshaw, Tara A.; McGuire, Jennifer T.; Smith, Erik W.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] Natl Ctr, US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Kneeshaw, TA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, 3115 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM tkneeshaw@geo.tamu.edu OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2618 EP 2629 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.06.006 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 244XR UT WOS:000251899200005 ER PT J AU Baez-Cazull, S McGuire, JT Cozzarelli, IM Raymond, A Welsh, L AF Baez-Cazull, Susan McGuire, Jennifer T. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. Raymond, Anne Welsh, Lisa TI Centimeter-scale characterization of biogeochemical gradients at a wetland-aquifer interface using capillary electrophoresis SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Annual Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union ID LANDFILL-LEACHATE PLUME; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; SALT-MARSH SEDIMENTS; NATURAL ATTENUATION PROCESSES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ENVIRONMENTAL WATER SAMPLES; AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; SOLUBLE ORGANIC-ACIDS; INDIRECT UV DETECTION AB Steep biogeochemical gradients were measured at mixing interfaces in a wetland-aquifer system impacted by landfill leachate in Norman, Oklahoma. The system lies within a reworked alluvial plain and is characterized by layered low hydraulic conductivity wetland sediments interbedded with sandy aquifer material. Using cm-scale passive diffusion samplers, "peepers", water samples were collected in a depth profile to span interfaces between surface water and a sequence of deeper sedimentary layers. Geochemical indicators including electron acceptors, low-molecular-weight organic acids, base cations, and NH4+ were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and field techniques to maximize the small sample volumes available from the centimeter-scale peepers. Steep concentration gradients of biogeochemical indicators were observed at various interfaces including those created at sedimentary boundaries and boundaries created by heterogeneities in organic C and available electron acceptors. At the sediment-water interface, chemical profiles with depth suggest that SO42- and Fe reduction dominate driven by inputs of organic C from the wetland and availability of electron acceptors. Deeper in the sediments (not associated with a lithologic boundary), a steep gradient of organic acids (acetate maximum 8.8 mM) and NH4+ (maximum 36 mM) is observed due to a localized source of organic matter coupled with the lack of electron acceptor inputs. These findings highlight the importance of quantifying the redox reactions occurring in small interface zones and assessing their role on biogeochemical cycling at the system scale. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baez-Cazull, Susan; McGuire, Jennifer T.; Raymond, Anne; Welsh, Lisa] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP McGuire, JT (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, 3115 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mcguire@geo.tamu.edu OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 NR 102 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2664 EP 2683 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.06.003 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 244XR UT WOS:000251899200009 ER PT J AU Faber-Langendoen, D Aaseng, N Hop, K Lew-Smith, M Drake, J AF Faber-Langendoen, Don Aaseng, Norm Hop, Kevin Lew-Smith, Micheal Drake, J. TI Vegetation classification, mapping, and monitoring at Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota: An application of the U.S. National Vegetation Classification SO APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE accuracy assessment; alliance; association; fire; International Vegetation Classification; logging; map legend; national park service vegetation mapping program; ordination ID ACCURACY AB Question: How can the U. S. National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) serve as an effective tool for classifying and mapping vegetation, and inform assessments and monitoring? Location: Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota, U. S. A and environs. The park contains 54243 ha of terrestrial habitat in the sub-boreal region of North America. Methods: We classified and mapped the natural vegetation using the USNVC, with 'alliance' and 'association' as base units. We compiled 259 classification plots and 1251 accuracy assessment test plots. Both plot and type ordinations were used to analyse vegetation and environmental patterns. Color infrared aerial photography (1: 15840 scale) was used for mapping. Polygons were manually drawn, then transferred into digital form. Classification and mapping products are stored in publicly available databases. Past. re and logging events were used to assess distribution of forest types. Results and Discussion: Ordination and cluster analyses confirmed 49 associations and 42 alliances, with three associations ranked as globally vulnerable to extirpation. Ordination provided a useful summary of vegetation and ecological gradients. Overall map accuracy was 82.4%. Pinus banksiana - Picea mariana forests were less frequent in areas unburned since the 1930s. Conclusion: The USNVC provides a consistent ecological tool for summarizing and mapping vegetation. The products provide a baseline for assessing forests and wetlands, including. re management. The standardized classification and map units provide local to continental perspectives on park resources through linkages to state, provincial, and national classifications in the U. S. and Canada, and to NatureServe's Ecological Systems classification. C1 NatureServe, Conservat Sci Div, Syracuse, NY 13215 USA. Minnesota Cty Biol Survey, Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Arrowwood Environm, Hardwick, VT 05843 USA. NatureServe, Dept Ecol, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. RP Faber-Langendoen, D (reprint author), NatureServe, Conservat Sci Div, 3467 Amber Rd, Syracuse, NY 13215 USA. EM don_faber-langendoen@natureserve.org NR 38 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI GRANGARDE PA GAMLA VAGEN 40, S-770 13 GRANGARDE, SWEDEN SN 1402-2001 J9 APPL VEG SCI JI Appl. Veg. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 10 IS 3 BP 361 EP U70 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 219MM UT WOS:000250089300008 ER PT J AU Lehnen, SE Krementz, DG AF Lehnen, Sarah E. Krementz, David G. TI The Influence of Body Condition on the Stopover Ecology of Least Sandpipers in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley during Fall Migration SO AVIAN CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Calidris minutilla; Least Sandpiper; mark-resight; migration; sandpiper; stopover duration AB Many shorebirds are long-distance migrants and depend on the energy gained at stopover sites to complete migration. Competing hypotheses have described strategies used by migrating birds; the energy-selection hypothesis predicts that shorebirds attempt to maximize energy gained at stopover sites, whereas the time-selection hypothesis predicts that shorebirds attempt to minimize time spent at stopover sites. The energy-and time-selection hypotheses both predict that birds in better condition will depart sites sooner. However, numerous studies of stopover duration have found little support for this prediction, leading to the suggestion that migrating birds operate under energy and time constraints for only a small portion of the migratory season. During fall migration 2002, we tested the prediction that birds in better condition depart stopover sites sooner by examining the relationship between stopover duration and body condition for migrating Least Sandpipers (Calidris minutilla) at three stopover sites in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. We also tested the assumption made by the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley Migratory Bird Science Team that shorebirds stay in the Mississippi Valley for 10 d. The assumption of 10 d was used to estimate the amount of habitat required by shorebirds in the Mississippi Valley during fall migration; a period longer than 10 d would increase the estimate of the amount habitat required. We used multiple-day constancy models of apparent survival and program MARK to estimate stopover duration for 293 individually color-marked and resighted Least Sandpipers. We found that a four-day constancy interval and a site x quadratic time trend interaction term best modeled apparent survival. We found only weak support for body condition as a factor explaining length of stopover duration, which is consistent with findings from similar work. Stopover duration estimates were 4.1 d (95% CI = 2.8-6.1) for adult Least Sandpipers at Bald Knob National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas, 6.5 d (95% CI = 4.9-8.7) for adult and 6.1 d (95% CI = 4.2-9.1) for juvenile Least Sandpipers at Yazoo National Wildlife Refuge, Mississippi, and 6.9 d (95% CI = 5.5-8.7) for juvenile Least Sandpipers at Morgan Brake National Wildlife Refuge, Mississippi. Based on our estimates of stopover duration and the assumption made by the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley Migratory Bird Science Team, there is sufficient habitat in the lower Mississippi Valley to support shorebirds during fall migration. C1 [Lehnen, Sarah E.; Krementz, David G.] Univ Arkansas, USGS Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Lehnen, SE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USGS Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Arkansas Game and Fish Commission; USGS Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; USGS Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Ducks Unlimited FX We are especially grateful to B. Alexander at Bald Knob National Wildlife Refuge, T. Wilkens and D. Linden at Yazoo National Wildlife Refuge, and T. Carpenter and staff at Morgan Brake National Wildlife Refuge for the assistance they provided. We thank R. Wilson at the Mississippi Alluvial Valley Joint Venture for the assistance he provided. We also thank our field technicians, A. Brumec, N. Bolhman, and V. Genovese. This project was made possible through funding from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, the USGS Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the USGS Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and Ducks Unlimited. We thank S. Morris and D. Sheets for advice on the analysis and B. K. Sandercock, S. J. Dinsmore, F. Sanders, and anonymous reviewers for providing comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1712-6568 J9 AVIAN CONSERV ECOL JI Avian Conserv. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 2 IS 2 AR 9 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA V21GG UT WOS:000208195500009 ER PT J AU Thogmartin, WE AF Thogmartin, Wayne E. TI Effects at the Landscape Scale May Constrain Habitat Relations at Finer Scales SO AVIAN CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE cross-scale contradictions; spatial scaling; species-habitat relations C1 USGS Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), USGS Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1712-6568 J9 AVIAN CONSERV ECOL JI Avian Conserv. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 2 IS 2 AR 6 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA V21GG UT WOS:000208195500006 ER PT J AU Heermance, RV Chen, J Burbank, DW Wang, C AF Heermance, Richard V. Chen, Jie Burbank, Douglas W. Wang, Changsheng TI Chronology and tectonic controls of Late Tertiary deposition in the southwestern Tian Shan foreland, NW china SO BASIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC POLARITY STRATIGRAPHY; DAY CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; INDIA-ASIA COLLISION; SWISS MOLASSE BASIN; NORTHERN TIEN-SHAN; TARIM BASIN; NORTHWEST CHINA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EROSION RATES; ACCUMULATION RATES AB Magnetostratigraphy from the Kashi foreland basin along the southern margin of the Tian Shan in Western China defines the chronology of both sedimentation and the structural evolution of this collisional mountain belt. Eleven magnetostratigraphic sections representing similar to 13 km of basin strata provide a two- and three-dimensional record of continuous deposition since similar to 18 Ma. The distinctive Xiyu conglomerate makes up the uppermost strata in eight of 11 magnetostratigraphic sections within the foreland and forms a wedge that thins southward. The basal age of the conglomerate varies from 15.5 +/- 0.5 Ma at the northernmost part of the foreland, to 8.6 +/- 0.1 Ma in the central (medial) part of the foreland and to 1.9 +/- 0.2, similar to 1.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 Ma along the southern deformation front of the foreland basin. These data indicate the Xiyu conglomerate is highly time-transgressive and has prograded south since just after the initial uplift of the Kashi Basin Thrust (KBT) at 18.9 +/- 3.3 Ma. Southward progradation occurred at an average rate of similar to 3 mm year(-1) between 15.5 and 2 Ma, before accelerating to similar to 10 mm year(-1). Abrupt changes in sediment-accumulation rates are observed at 16.3 and 13.5 Ma in the northern part of the foreland and are interpreted to correspond to southward stepping deformation. A subtle decrease in the sedimentation rate above the Keketamu anticline is determined at similar to 4.0 Ma and was synchronous with an increase in sedimentation rate further south above the Atushi Anticline. Magnetostratigraphy also dates growth strata at < 4.0, 1.4 +/- 0.1 and 1.4 +/- 0.2 Ma on the southern flanks the Keketamu, Atushi and Kashi anticlines, respectively. Together, sedimentation rate changes and growth strata indicate stepped migration of deformation into the Kashi foreland at least at 16.3, 13.5, 4.0 and 1.4 Ma. Progressive reconstruction of a seismically controlled cross-section through the foreland produces total shortening of 13-21 km and migration of the deformation front at 2.1-3.4 mm year(-1) between 19 and 13.5 Ma, 1.4-1.6 mm year(-1) between 13.5 and 4.0 Ma and 10 mm year(-1) since 4.0 Ma. Migration of deformation into the foreland generally causes (1) uplift and reworking of basin-capping conglomerate, (2) a local decrease of accommodation space above any active structure where uplift occurs, and hence a decrease in sedimentation rate and (3) an increase in accumulation on the margins of the structure due to increased subsidence and/or ponding of sediment behind the growing folds. Since 5-6 Ma, increased sediment-accumulation (similar to 0.8 mm year(-1)) and gravel progradation (similar to 10 mm year(-1)) rates appear linked to higher deformation rates on the Keketamu, Atushi and Kashi anticlines and increased subsidence due to loading from both the Tian Shan and Pamir ranges, and possibly a change in climate causing accelerated erosion. Whereas the rapid (similar to 10 mm year(-1)) progradation of the Xiyu conglomerate after 4.0 Ma may be promoted by global climate change, its overall progradation since 15.5 Ma is due to the progressive encroachment of deformation into the foreland. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA USA. Inst Geol, China Earthquake Adm, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Heermance, RV (reprint author), USGS, Geolog Div, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM rheermance@usgs.gov OI Heermance, Richard/0000-0002-1417-9115 NR 99 TC 80 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-091X J9 BASIN RES JI Basin Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 19 IS 4 BP 599 EP 632 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2007.00339.x PG 34 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 235QN UT WOS:000251249500007 ER PT J AU Hothem, RL Bergen, DR Bauer, ML Crayon, JJ Meckstroth, AM AF Hothem, Roger L. Bergen, Darrin R. Bauer, Marissa L. Crayon, John J. Meckstroth, Anne M. TI Mercury and trace elements in crayfish from Northern California SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mercury; crayfish; California; trace elements ID FISH; ONTARIO; TISSUE; RIVER; USA AB We collected two species of crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus and Procambarus clarkii, from Cache and Putah Creeks, California, and analyzed them for mercury and trace elements. Trace elements were higher in carcasses in 40 cases, higher in tails in 5 cases, and not different in 35 cases; no concentration exceeded levels considered harmful. Mercury concentrations were similar among sites, with no overall sex or species effect in tails. Mercury and methylmercury concentrations were higher in tails at all sites. Methylmercury concentrations in crayfish tails (0.156-0.256 mu g/g) exceeded concentrations reported in health advisories for consumption of fish and crayfish from these watersheds. C1 [Hothem, Roger L.; Bergen, Darrin R.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Bauer, Marissa L.] US Geol Survey, California Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Crayon, John J.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Bermuda Dunes, CA 92203 USA. [Meckstroth, Anne M.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hothem, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM roger_hothem@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 EI 1432-0800 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 79 IS 6 BP 628 EP 632 DI 10.1007/s00128-007-9304-6 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 241FA UT WOS:000251641100010 PM 18046498 ER PT J AU Andrews, DJ Hanks, TC Whitney, JW AF Andrews, D. J. Hanks, Thomas C. Whitney, John W. TI Physical limits on ground motion at Yucca Mountain SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC RUPTURE; STRESS; NEVADA; FAULT; PROPAGATION; EARTHQUAKE AB Physical limits on possible maximum ground motion at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, the designated site of a high-level radioactive waste repository, are set by the shear stress available in the seismogenic depth of the crust and by limits on stress change that can propagate through the medium. We find in dynamic deterministic 2D calculations that maximum possible horizontal peak ground velocity (PGV) at the underground repository site is 3.6 m/sec, which is smaller than the mean PGV predicted by the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) at annual exceedance probabilities less than 10(-6) per year. The physical limit on vertical PGV, 5.7 m/sec, arises from supershear rupture and is larger than that from the PSHA down to 10(-8) per year. In addition to these physical limits, we also calculate the maximum ground motion subject to the constraint of known fault slip at the surface, as inferred from paleoseismic studies. Using a published probabilistic fault displacement hazard curve, these calculations provide a probabilistic hazard curve for horizontal PGV that is lower than that from the PSHA. In all cases the maximum ground motion at the repository site is found by maximizing constructive interference of signals from the rupture front, for physically realizable rupture velocity, from all parts of the fault. Vertical PGV is maximized for ruptures propagating near the P-wave speed, and horizontal PGV is maximized for ruptures propagating near the Rayleigh-wave speed. Yielding in shear with a Mohr-Coulomb yield condition reduces ground motion only a modest amount in events with supershear rupture velocity, because ground motion consists primarily of P waves in that case. The possibility of compaction of the porous unsaturated tuffs at the higher ground-motion levels is another attenuating mechanism that needs to be investigated. C1 [Andrews, D. J.; Hanks, Thomas C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Whitney, John W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Andrews, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stp 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jandrews@usgs.gov; thanks@usgs.gov; jwhitney@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1771 EP 1792 DI 10.1785/0120070014 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 241TJ UT WOS:000251678400001 ER PT J AU Lienkaemper, JJ Williams, PL AF Lienkaemper, James J. Williams, Patrick L. TI A record of large earthquakes on the southern Hayward fault for the past 1800 years SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION; C-14 DATA; PROGRAM; SLIP AB This is the second article presenting evidence of the occurrence and timing of paleoearthquakes on the southern Hayward fault as interpreted from trenches excavated within a sag pond at the Tyson's Lagoon site in Fremont, California. We use the information to estimate the mean value and aperiodicity of the fault's recurrence interval (RI): two fundamental parameters for estimation of regional seismic hazard. An earlier article documented the four most recent earthquakes, including the historic 1868 earthquake. In this article we present evidence for at least seven earlier paleoruptures since about A.D. 170. We document these events with evidence for ground rupture, such as the presence of blocky colluvium at the base of the main trace fault scarp, and by corroborating evidence such as simultaneous liquefaction or an increase in deformation immediately below event horizons. The mean RI is 170 +/- 82 yr (1 sigma, standard deviation of the sample), aperiodicity is 0.48, and individual intervals may be expected to range from 30 to 370 yr (95.4% confidence). The mean RI is consistent with the recurrence model of the Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities (2003) (mean, 161 yr; range, 99 yr [2.5%]; 283 yr [97.5%]). We note that the mean RI for the five most recent events may have been only 138 +/- 58 yr (1 sigma). Hypothesis tests for the shorter RI do not demonstrate that any recent acceleration has occurred compared to the earlier period or the entire 1800-yr record, principally because of inherent uncertainties of the event ages. C1 [Lienkaemper, James J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Williams, Patrick L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Lienkaemper, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jlienk@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1803 EP 1819 DI 10.1785/0120060258 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 241TJ UT WOS:000251678400003 ER PT J AU Boatwright, J AF Boatwright, John TI The persistence of directivity in small earthquakes SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA; PARAMETERS; FREQUENCY; MODELS AB We derive a simple inversion of peak ground acceleration (PGA) or peak ground velocity (PGV) for rupture direction and rupture velocity and then test this inversion on the peak motions obtained from seven 3.5 <= M <= 4.1 earthquakes that occurred in two clusters in November 2002 and February 2003 near San Ramon, California. These clusters were located on two orthogonal strike-slip faults so that the events share the same approximate focal mechanism but not the same fault plane. Three earthquakes exhibit strong directivity, but the other four earthquakes exhibit relatively weak directivity. We use the residual PGAs and PGVs from the other six events to determine station corrections for each earthquake. The inferred rupture directions unambiguously identify the fault plane for the three earthquakes with strong directivity and for three of the four earthquakes with weak directivity. The events with strong directivity have fast rupture velocities (0.63 beta <= nu <= 0.87 beta); the events with weak directivity either rupture more slowly (0.17 beta <= nu <= 0.35 beta) or bilaterally. The simple unilateral inversion cannot distinguish between slow and bilateral ruptures: adding a bilateral rupture component degrades the fit of the rupture directions to the fault planes. By comparing PGAs from the events with strong and weak directivity, we show how an up-dip rupture in small events can distort the attenuation of peak ground motion with distance. When we compare the rupture directions of the earthquakes to the location of aftershocks in the two clusters, we find than almost all the aftershocks of the three earthquakes with strong directivity occur within 70 degrees of the direction of rupture. C1 [Boatwright, John] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Boatwright, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 18 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1850 EP 1861 DI 10.1785/0120050228 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 241TJ UT WOS:000251678400007 ER PT J AU Hartzell, S Liu, P Mendoza, C Ji, C Larson, KM AF Hartzell, Stephen Liu, Pengeheng Mendoza, Carlos Ji, Chen Larson, Kristine M. TI Stability and uncertainty of finite-fault slip inversions: Application to the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL GREENS-FUNCTIONS; 1979 IMPERIAL-VALLEY; WAVE-FORM INVERSION; RESOLUTION ANALYSIS; RUPTURE PROPAGATION; DOMAIN INVERSION; GEODETIC DATA; LOMA-PRIETA; HISTORY; DISPLACEMENTS AB The 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake is used to investigate stability and uncertainty aspects of the finite-fault slip inversion problem with different a priori model assumptions. We utilize records from 54 strong ground motion stations and 13 continuous, 1-Hz sampled, geodetic instruments. Two inversion procedures are compared: a linear least-squares subfault-based methodology and a nonlinear global search algorithm. These two methods encompass a wide range of the different approaches that have been used to solve the finite-fault slip inversion problem. For the Parkfield earthquake and the inversion of velocity or displacement waveforms, near-surface related site response (top 100 in, frequencies above 1 Hz) is shown to not significantly affect the solution. Results are also insensitive to selection of slip rate functions with similar duration and to subfault size if proper stabilizing constraints are used. The linear and nonlinear formulations yield consistent results when the same limitations in model parameters are in place and the same inversion norm is used. However, the solution is sensitive to the choice of inversion norm, the bounds on model parameters, such as rake and rupture velocity, and the size of the model fault plane. The geodetic data set for Parkfield gives a slip distribution different from that of the strong-motion data, which may be due to the spatial limitation of the geodetic stations and the bandlimited nature of the strong-motion data. Cross validation and the bootstrap method are used to set limits on the upper bound for rupture velocity and to derive mean slip models and standard deviations in model parameters. This analysis shows that slip on the northwestern half of the Parkfield rupture plane from the inversion of strong-motion data is model dependent and has a greater uncertainty than slip near the hypocenter. C1 [Hartzell, Stephen] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Liu, Pengeheng] US Bur Reclamat, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mendoza, Carlos] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geosci, Queretaro 76001, Mexico. [Ji, Chen] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. [Larson, Kristine M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hartzell, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 48 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1911 EP 1934 DI 10.1785/0120070080 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 241TJ UT WOS:000251678400011 ER PT J AU Pannalal, SJ Symons, DTA Leach, DL AF Pannalal, S. Johari Symons, David T. A. Leach, David L. TI Paleomagnetic and mineral magnetic constraints on Zn-Pb ore genesis in the Pend Oreille Mine, Metaline district, Washington, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ZINC DEPOSITS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FLUID INCLUSION; COMPLEX; CANADA; POOR; RICH AB Zinc-lead mineralization in the Metaline mining district of northeastern Washington, USA, is hosted by the Cambrian Metaline Formation and is classified into Yellowhead-type (YO) and Josephine-type (JO) ore based on texture and mineralogy. Paleomagnetic results are reported for four Cambrian Metaline Formation sites, one Ordovician Ledbetter slate site, 12 YO and 13 JO (including two breccia sites) mineralization sites in the Pend Oreille Mine, and eight sites from the nearby Cretaceous Kaniksu granite batholith. Thermal and alternating field step demagnetization, saturation isothermal remanence analysis, and synthetic specimen tests show that the remanence in the host carbonates and Zn-Pb mineralization is carried mostly by pseudosingle (PSD) to single domain (SD) pyrrhotite and mostly by PSD to SD magnetite in the Kaniksu granite. Based on thermornagnetic measurements, sphalerite and galena concentrates and tailings from the mine's mill contain hexagonal and monoclinic pyrrhotite. The postfolding characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM), known thermal data, and paleoarc method of dating suggest that the Zn-Pb mineralization carries a primary chemical remanent magnetization (CRM), and Metaline Formation carbonates a secondary CRM that were acquired during the Middle Jurassic (166 +/- 6 Ma) during the waning stages of the Nevadan orogeny. A paleomagnetic breccia test favours a solution-collapse origin for the Josephine breccia. Finally, the Kaniksu paleopole is concordant with the North American Cretaceous reference paleopole, suggesting the Kootenay terrane has not been rotated since emplacement of the batholith at similar to 94 Ma. C1 [Pannalal, S. Johari; Symons, David T. A.] Univ Windsor, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Leach, David L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Pannalal, S. Johari] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Geol & Geophys, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Pannalal, SJ (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. EM geodater@gmail.com NR 48 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 44 IS 12 BP 1661 EP 1673 DI 10.1139/E07-056 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 256VX UT WOS:000252759100002 ER PT J AU Selch, TM Chipps, SR AF Selch, Trevor M. Chipps, Steven R. TI The cost of capturing prey: measuring largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) foraging activity using glycolytic enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FISH BIOENERGETICS MODELS; LABORATORY EVALUATION; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; FIELD-TESTS; 3 ESOCIDS; GROWTH; BEHAVIOR; SIZE; MORPHOLOGY; PREDATORS AB We used muscle-derived lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to measure effects of prey size and vegetation density on anaerobic foraging activity by largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Largemouth bass (240-303 mm total length, TL) were fed bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) prey (range 33-83 mm TL) in laboratory feeding trials. Prey selectivity experiments showed that small bluegills (<50 mm) were strongly preferred (>88%) over larger (>65 mm) individuals. Largemouth bass activity, as indexed by LDH, increased with increasing prey size and was 20% higher in fish feeding on large (mean size = 80 mm) versus small (mean size = 35 mm) bluegill. Bioenergetics modeling revealed. that food consumption was appreciably underestimated (29%-34%) for largemouth bass foraging on large bluegills (65 and 80 mm), implying that activity costs vary with prey size, consistent with LDH measurements. In contrast to prey size, vegetation density had little effect on anaerobic energy expenditure of largemouth bass. For two size groups of largemouth bass (mean = 244 and 316 mm) foraging on 50 mm bluegill, mean LDH activity was similar across simulated vegetation densities ranging from 70 to 350 stems m(-2). These findings highlight the importance of prey size on foraging costs by piscivores and the difficulties of accounting for activity level in bioenergetics models. C1 S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Selch, TM (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, SNP 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM trevor.selch@sdstate.edu NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 64 IS 12 BP 1761 EP 1769 DI 10.1139/F07-133 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 256WG UT WOS:000252760000012 ER PT J AU Berg, E AF Berg, Erik TI Characterizing and classifying complex fuels - A new approach SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Berg, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 301, Reston, VA USA. EM eberg@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2381 EP 2382 DI 10.1139/X07-150 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 262WR UT WOS:000253179200001 ER PT J AU Murphy, RW Berry, KH Edwards, T Mcluckie, AM AF Murphy, Robert W. Berry, Kristin H. Edwards, Taylor Mcluckie, Ann M. TI A genetic assessment of the recovery units for the Mojave population of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE reptilia; Testudines; Testudinidae; Gopherus agassizii; tortoise; conservation genetics; distinctive population segment; evolutionary significant unit; management units; microsatellites; mitochondrial DNA; Mojave Desert; USA ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; NORTH-AMERICAN TORTOISES; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; FREE-RANGING DESERT; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; EGG-PRODUCTION AB In the 1994 Recovery Plan for the Mojave population of the desert tortoise, Gopheras agassizii, the US Fish and Wildlife Service established 6 recovery units by using the best available data on habitat use, behavior, morphology, and genetics. To further assess the validity of the recovery units, we analyzed genetic data by using mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) sequences and nuclear DNA microsatellites. In total, 125 desert tortoises were sampled for mtDNA and 628 for microsatellites from 31 study sites, representing all recovery units and desert regions throughout the Mojave Desert in California and Utah, and the Colorado Desert of California. The mtDNA revealed a great divergence between the Mojave populations west of the Colorado River and those occurring east of the river in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona. Some divergence also occurred between northern and southern populations within the Mojave population. The microsatellites indicated a low frequency of private alleles and a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distance among 31 sample sites, which was consistent with an isolation-by-distance population structure. Regional genetic differentiation was complementary to the recovery units in the Recovery Plan. Most allelic frequencies in the recovery units differed. An assignment test correctly placed most individuals to their recovery unit of origin. Of the 6 recovery units, the Northeastern and the Upper Virgin River units showed the greatest differentiation; these units may have been relatively more isolated than other areas and should be managed accordingly. The Western Mojave Recovery Unit, by using the new genetic data, was redefined along regional boundaries into the Western Mojave, Central Mojave, and Southern Mojave recovery units. Large-scale translocations of tortoises and habitat disturbance throughout the 20th century may have contributed to the observed patterns of regional similarity. C1 [Murphy, Robert W.] Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. [Berry, Kristin H.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Moreno Valley, CA 92553 USA. [Edwards, Taylor] Univ Arizona, Arizona Res Labs, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Mcluckie, Ann M.] Washington County Field Off, Utah Div Wildlife Resources, St George, UT 84790 USA. RP Murphy, RW (reprint author), Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queens Pk, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. EM drbob@zoo.utoronto.ca; kristin_berry@usgs.gov; taylore@u.arizona.edit; annmcluckie@utah.gov RI Murphy, Robert/D-8586-2011; OI Murphy, Robert/0000-0001-8555-2338 NR 125 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 30 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 6 IS 2 BP 229 EP 251 DI 10.2744/1071-8443(2007)6[229:AGAOTR]2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 248FU UT WOS:000252138600009 ER PT J AU Pech, LL Graham, TB AF Pech, Louis L. Graham, Timothy B. TI The first state record for Trichiorhyssemus riparius (Horn) (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae : Aphodiinae) from Utah SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pech, Louis L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Wausau, WI 54401 USA. [Graham, Timothy B.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Pech, LL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, 518 S 7th Ave, Wausau, WI 54401 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 567 EP 567 DI 10.1649/0010-065X(2007)61[567:TFSRFT]2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 251CX UT WOS:000252349500012 ER PT J AU Momoda, TS Schwindt, AR Feist, GW Gerwick, L Bayne, CJ Schreck, CB AF Momoda, T. S. Schwindt, A. R. Feist, G. W. Gerwick, L. Bayne, C. J. Schreck, C. B. TI Gene expression in the liver of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, during the stress response SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE gene expression; microarray; stress; recovery; transcription factors; sexual dimorphism ID TNF RECEPTOR SUPERFAMILY; PROTEIN P8; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; HANDLING STRESS; CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; CORTISOL; METABOLISM AB To better appreciate the mechanisms underlying the physiology of the stress response, an oligonucleotide microarray and real-time RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) were used to study gene expression in the livers of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). For increased confidence in the discovery of candidate genes responding to stress, we conducted two separate experiments using fish from different year classes. In both experiments, fish exposed to a 3h stressor were compared to control (unstressed) fish. In the second experiment some additional fish were exposed to only 0.5 h of stress and others were sampled 21 h after experiencing a 3h stressor. This 21 h post-stress treatment was a means to study gene expression during recovery from stress. The genes we report as differentially expressed are those that responded similarly in both experiments, suggesting that they are robust indicators of stress. Those genes are a major histocompatibility complex class I molecule (MHC1), JunB, glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and nuclearprotein 1 (Nupr1). Interestingly, Nupr1 gene expression was still elevated 21 h after stress, which indicates that recovery was incomplete at that time. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fish Dis Res, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Momoda, TS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM tracey.momoda@oregonstate.edu NR 57 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1744-117X J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS D JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. D-Genomics Proteomics PD DEC PY 2007 VL 2 IS 4 BP 303 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.cbd.2007.06.002 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 238WL UT WOS:000251478800004 PM 20483302 ER PT J AU List, R Ceballos, G Curtin, C Gogan, PJP Pacheco, J Truett, J AF List, Rurik Ceballos, Gerardo Curtin, Charles Gogan, Peter J. P. Pacheco, Jesus Truett, Joe TI Historic distribution and challenges to bison recovery in the northern Chihuahuan Desert SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arid grasslands; bison bison; Chihuahuan Desert; historic distribution; large grazers ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; BUFFALO WALLOWS; VEGETATION AB Ecologists and conservationists have long assumed that large grazers, including bison (Bison bison), did not occur in post-Pleistocene southwestern North America. This perception has been influential in framing the debate over conservation and land use in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. The lack of an evolutionary history of large grazers is being used to challenge the validity of ranching as a conservation strategy and to limit the protection and reintroduction of bison as a significant component of desert grassland ecosystems. Archeological records and historical accounts from Mexican archives from AD 700 to the 19th century document that the historic range of the bison included northern Mexico and adjoining areas in the United States. The Janos-Hidalgo bison herd, one of the few free-ranging bison herds in North America, has moved between Chihuahua, Mexico, and New Mexico, United States, since at least the 1920s. The persistence of this cross-border bison herd in Chihuahuan Desert grasslands and shrublands demonstrates that the species can persist in desert landscapes. Additional lines of evidence include the existence of grazing-adapted grasslands and the results of experimental studies that document declines in vegetation density and diversity following the removal of large grazers. The Janos-Hidalgo herd was formed with animals from various sources at the turn of the 19th century. Yet the future of the herd is compromised by differing perceptions of the ecological and evolutionary role of bison in the Desert Grasslands of North America. In Mexico they are considered native and are protected by federal law, whereas in New Mexico, they are considered non-native livestock and therefore lack conservation status or federal protection. Evidence written in Spanish of the presence of bison south of the accepted range and evidence from the disciplines of archaeology and history illustrate how differences in language and academic disciplines, in addition to international boundaries, have acted as barriers in shaping comprehensive approaches to conservation. Bison recovery in the region depends on binational cooperation. C1 [List, Rurik; Ceballos, Gerardo; Pacheco, Jesus] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Curtin, Charles] Arid Lands Project, Animas, NM 88020 USA. [Gogan, Peter J. P.] Montana State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, USGS No Rucky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Truett, Joe] Turner Endangered Species Funed, Glenwood, NM 88039 USA. RP List, R (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, 3er Circuito Exteriror Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM rlist@ecologia.unam.mx OI Ceballos, Gerardo/0000-0001-8374-2656 NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1487 EP 1494 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00810.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 242ZH UT WOS:000251764200018 PM 18173472 ER PT J AU Funk, WC Mullins, TD Haig, SM AF Funk, W. Chris Mullins, Thomas D. Haig, Susan M. TI Conservation genetics of snowy plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) in the Western Hemisphere: population genetic structure and delineation of subspecies SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Review DE snowy plover; microsatellites; mtDNA; subspecies; population structure ID POLYMORPHIC MICROSATELLITE LOCI; CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; ISLAND POPULATIONS; FREQUENCY DATA; NORTH-AMERICA; DIFFERENTIATION; DIVERSITY AB We examined the genetic structure of snowy plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) in North America, the Caribbean, and the west coast of South America to quantify variation within and among breeding areas and to test the validity of three previously recognized subspecies. Sequences (676 bp) from domains I and II of the mitochondrial control region were analyzed for 166 snowy plovers from 20 breeding areas. Variation was also examined at 10 microsatellite loci for 144 snowy plovers from 14 breeding areas. The mtDNA and microsatellite data provided strong evidence that the Puerto Rican breeding group is genetically divergent from sites in the continental U.S. (net sequence divergence = 0.38%; F (ST) for microsatellites = 0.190). Our data also revealed high levels of differentiation between sites from South America and North America (net sequence divergence = 0.81%; F (ST) for microsatellites = 0.253). In contrast, there was little genetic structure among breeding sites within the continental U.S. Our results suggest that snowy plovers in Florida should be considered part of C. a. nivosus (rather than part of C. a. tenuirostris, where they are currently placed), whereas snowy plovers from Puerto Rico should be considered part of C. a. tenuirostris. Snowy plovers in South America should remain a separate subspecies (C. a. occidentalis). Although U.S. Pacific and Gulf Coast breeding areas were not genetically distinct from other continental U.S. sites, demographic isolation, unique coastal habitats, and recent population declines suggest they warrant special concern. C1 USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Funk, WC (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM cfunk@usgs.gov NR 101 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1287 EP 1309 DI 10.1007/s10592-006-9278-7 PG 23 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 224IZ UT WOS:000250442000003 ER PT J AU Oyler-McCance, SJ Ransler, FA Berkman, LK Quinn, TW AF Oyler-McCance, S. J. Ransler, F. A. Berkman, L. K. Quinn, T. W. TI A rangewide population genetic study of trumpeter swans SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE trumpeter swan; cygnus buccinator; microsatellites; mtDNA; gene flow; genetic diversity ID DNA; SEQUENCE; CONSERVATION; REGRESSION; DISEASE; GENOME; BIRDS; FLOW AB For management purposes, the range of naturally occurring trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) has been divided into two populations, the Pacific Coast Population (PP) and the Rocky Mountain Population (RMP). Little is known about the distribution of genetic variation across the species' range despite increasing pressure to make difficult management decisions regarding the two populations and flocks within them. To address this issue, we used rapidly evolving genetic markers (mitochondrial DNA sequence and 17 nuclear microsatellite loci) to elucidate the underlying genetic structure of the species. Data from both markers revealed a significant difference between the PP and RMP with the Yukon Territory as a likely area of overlap. Additionally, we found that the two populations have somewhat similar levels of genetic diversity (PP is slightly higher) suggesting that the PP underwent a population bottleneck similar to a well-documented one in the RMP. Both genetic structure and diversity results reveal that the Tri-State flock, a suspected unique, non-migratory flock, is not genetically different from the Canadian flock of the RMP and need not be treated as a unique population from a genetic standpoint. Finally, trumpeter swans appear to have much lower mitochondrial DNA variability than other waterfowl studied thus far which may suggest a previous, species-wide bottleneck. C1 Univ Denver, Rocky Mt Ctr Conservat Genet & Systemat, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), Univ Denver, Rocky Mt Ctr Conservat Genet & Systemat, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1339 EP 1353 DI 10.1007/s10592-006-9282-y PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 224IZ UT WOS:000250442000006 ER PT J AU Millar, CI Stephenson, NL Stephens, SL AF Millar, Constance I. Stephenson, Nathan L. Stephens, Scott L. TI Climate change and forests of the future: Managing in the face of uncertainty SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; climate change; desired conditions; ecosystem management; facilitated conservation; forest management; historical variability; resilience; resistance; wildfire ID POTENTIAL FIRE BEHAVIOR; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; GLOBAL CLIMATE; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS; CARBON; VARIABILITY; STRATEGIES; CALIFORNIA AB We offer a conceptual framework for managing forested ecosystems under an assumption that future environments will be different from present but that we cannot be certain about the specifics of change. We encourage flexible approaches that promote reversible and incremental steps, and that favor ongoing learning and capacity to modify direction as situations change. We suggest that no single solution fits all future challenges, especially in the context of changing climates, and that the best strategy is to mix different approaches for different situations. Resources managers will be challenged to integrate adaptation strategies ( actions that help ecosystems accommodate changes adaptively) and mitigation strategies ( actions that enable ecosystems to reduce anthropogenic influences on global climate) into overall plans. Adaptive strategies include resistance options ( forestall impacts and protect highly valued resources), resilience options ( improve the capacity of ecosystems to return to desired conditions after disturbance), and response options ( facilitate transition of ecosystems from current to new conditions). Mitigation strategies include options to sequester carbon and reduce overall greenhouse gas emissions. Priority-setting approaches ( e. g., triage), appropriate for rapidly changing conditions and for situations where needs are greater than available capacity to respond, will become increasingly important in the future. C1 [Millar, Constance I.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Stephenson, Nathan L.] US Geol Survey, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Millar, CI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific SW Res Stn, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM cmillar@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 586 Z9 603 U1 43 U2 374 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2145 EP 2151 DI 10.1890/06-1715.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 242QF UT WOS:000251739800002 PM 18213958 ER PT J AU Kissling, ML Reid, M Lukacs, PM Gende, SM Lewis, SB AF Kissling, Michelle L. Reid, Mason Lukacs, Paul M. Gende, Scott M. Lewis, Stephen B. TI Understanding abundance patterns of a declining seabird: Implications for monitoring SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE abundance patterns; Brachyramphus brevirostris; detection probability; endangered species; environmental factors; Icy Bay; Alaska; USA; Kittlitz's Murrelet; seabird monitoring; spatial modeling; tidal current ID MARBLED MURRELETS; SPATIAL MODELS; MARINE BIRDS; BERING SEA; ALASKA; GLACIER; SOUND; USA AB The Kittlitz's Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) is a rare, non-colonial seabird often associated with tidewater glaciers and a recent candidate for listing under the Endangered Species Act. We estimated abundance of Kittlitz's Murrelets across space and time from at-sea surveys along the coast of Alaska ( USA) and then used these data to develop spatial models to describe abundance patterns and identify environmental factors affecting abundance. Over a five-week period in the summer of 2005, we recorded 794 Kittlitz's Murrelets, 16 Marbled Murrelets (B. marmoratus), and 70 unidentified murrelets. The overall population estimate (N, mean +/- SE) during the peak period (3-9 July) was 1317 +/- 294 birds, decreasing to 68 +/- 37 by the last survey period (31 July-6 August). Density of Kittlitz's Murrelets was highest in pelagic waters of Taan Fjord (18.6 +/- 7.8 birds/ km(2), mean +/- SE) during 10-16 July. Spatial models identified consistent "hotspots'' of Kittlitz's Murrelets, including several small areas where high densities of murrelets were found throughout the survey period. Of the explanatory variables that we evaluated, tidal current strength influenced murrelet abundance most consistently, with higher abundance associated with strong tidal currents. Simulations based on the empirically derived estimates of variation demonstrated that spatial variation strongly influenced power to detect trend, although power changed little across the threefold difference in the coefficient of variation on detection probability. We include recommendations for monitoring Kittlitz's Murrelets ( or other marine species) when there is a high degree of uncertainty about factors affecting abundance, especially spatial variability. C1 [Kissling, Michelle L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Reid, Mason] Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Lukacs, Paul M.] Natl Pk Serv, Glacier Bay Field Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Gende, Scott M.] Div Wildlife Conservat, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Douglas, AK 99824 USA. RP Kissling, ML (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 3000 Vintage Blvd,Suite 201, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM michelle_kissling@fws.gov NR 29 TC 15 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2164 EP 2174 DI 10.1890/06-1990.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 242QF UT WOS:000251739800004 PM 18213960 ER PT J AU Menke, SB Fisher, RN Jetz, W Holway, DA AF Menke, S. B. Fisher, R. N. Jetz, W. Holway, D. A. TI Biotic and abiotic controls of argentine ant invasion success at local and landscape scales SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abiotic factors; ant; biotic resistance; GIS; invasion; Linepithema humile; scale ID LINEPITHEMA-HUMILE; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; PLANT DIVERSITY; RESISTANCE; PATTERNS; COMMUNITIES; CLIMATE AB Although the ecological success of introduced species hinges on biotic interactions and physical conditions, few experimental studies-especially on animals-have simultaneously investigated the relative importance of both types of factors. The lack of such research may stem from the common assumption that native and introduced species exhibit similar environmental tolerances. Here we combine experimental and spatial modeling approaches (1) to determine the relative importance of biotic and abiotic controls of Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) invasion success, (2) to examine how the importance of these factors changes with spatial scale in southern California (USA), and (3) to assess how Argentine ants differ from native ants in their environmental tolerances. A factorial field experiment that combined native ant removal with irrigation revealed that Argentine ants failed to invade any dry plots (even those lacking native ants) but readily invaded all moist plots. Native ants slowed the spread of Argentine ants into irrigated plots but did not prevent invasion. In areas without Argentine ants, native ant species showed variable responses to irrigation. At the landscape scale, Argentine ant occurrence was positively correlated with minimum winter temperature (but not precipitation), whereas native ant diversity increased with precipitation and was negatively correlated with minimum winter temperature. These results are of interest for several reasons. First, they demonstrate that fine-scale differences in the physical environment can eclipse biotic resistance from native competitors in determining community susceptibility to invasion. Second, our results illustrate surprising complexities with respect to how the abiotic factors limiting invasion can change with spatial scale, and third, how native and invasive species can differ in their responses to the physical environment. Idiosyncratic and scale-dependent processes complicate attempts to forecast where introduced species will occur and how their range limits may shift as a result of climate change. C1 [Menke, S. B.; Jetz, W.; Holway, D. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Fisher, R. N.] US Geol Survey Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Menke, SB (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM sean_menke@ncsu.edu NR 58 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 28 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2007 VL 88 IS 12 BP 3164 EP 3173 DI 10.1890/07-0122.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 245UV UT WOS:000251965200021 PM 18229850 ER PT J AU Jacobs, SM Bechtold, JS Biggs, HC Grimm, NB Lorentz, S McClain, ME Naiman, RJ Perakis, SS Pinay, G Scholes, MC AF Jacobs, S. M. Bechtold, J. S. Biggs, H. C. Grimm, N. B. Lorentz, S. McClain, M. E. Naiman, R. J. Perakis, S. S. Pinay, G. Scholes, M. C. TI Nutrient vectors and riparian processing: A review with special reference to African semiarid Savanna ecosystems SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE riparian biogeochemistry; nitrogen; phosphorus; semiarid landscapes; fluvial disturbance; South Africa ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; DESERT STREAM ECOSYSTEM; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; SONORAN DESERT; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CONTROLS AB This review article describes vectors for nitrogen and phosphorus delivery to riparian zones in semiarid African savannas, the processing of nutrients in the riparian zone and the effect of disturbance on these processes. Semiarid savannas exhibit sharp seasonality, complex hillslope hydrology and high spatial heterogeneity, all of which ultimately impact nutrient fluxes between riparian, upland and aquatic environments. Our review shows that strong environmental drivers such as fire and herbivory enhance nitrogen, phosphorus and sediment transport to lower slope positions by shaping vegetative patterns. These vectors differ significantly from other and and semiarid ecosystems, and from mesic ecosystems where the impact of fire and herbivory are less pronounced and less predictable. Also unique is the presence of sodic soils in certain hillslopes, which substantially alters hydrological flowpaths and may act as a trap where nitrogen is immobilized while sediment and phosphorus transport is enhanced. Nutrients and sediments are also deposited in the riparian zone during seasonal, intermittent floods while, during the dry season, subsurface movement of water from the stream into riparian soils and vegetation further enrich riparian zones with nutrients. As is found in mesic ecosystems, nutrients are immobilized in semiarid riparian corridors through microbial and plant uptake, whereas dissimilatory processes such as denitrification may be important where labile nitrogen and carbon are in adequate supply and physical conditions are suitable-such as in seeps, wallows created by animals, ephemeral wetlands and stream edges. Interaction between temporal hydrologic connectivity and spatial heterogeneity are disrupted by disturbances such as large floods and extended droughts, which may convert certain riparian patches from sinks to sources for nitrogen and phosphorus. In the face of increasing anthropogenic pressure, the scientific challenges are to provide a basic understanding of riparian biogeochemistry in semiarid African savannas to adequately address the temporal and spatial impact of disturbances, and to apply this knowledge to better regional land and water management. An integrated, multidisciplinary approach applied in protected as well as human-disturbed ecosystems in southern Africa is essential for underpinning a strong environmental basis for sustainable human-related expansion. C1 [Jacobs, S. M.; Bechtold, J. S.; Naiman, R. J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Biggs, H. C.] Kruger Natl Pk, Sci Serv, ZA-1350 Skukuza, South Africa. [Grimm, N. B.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Lorentz, S.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Bioresources Engn & Environm Hydrol, ZA-3209 Scottsville, South Africa. [McClain, M. E.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Perakis, S. S.] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pinay, G.] CNRS, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. [Scholes, M. C.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Anim Plant & Environm Sci, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. [Jacobs, S. M.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Conservat Ecol & Entomol, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. [Pinay, G.] Univ Birmingham, GEES, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Jacobs, SM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Campus Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM sjacobs@sun.ac.za RI McClain, Michael/A-2475-2009; Jacobs, Shayne/A-4407-2008; Naiman, Robert /K-3113-2012; Grimm, Nancy/D-2840-2009 OI McClain, Michael/0000-0003-2956-9818; Grimm, Nancy/0000-0001-9374-660X NR 161 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 74 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD DEC PY 2007 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1231 EP 1249 DI 10.1007/s10021-007-9092-1 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 247OM UT WOS:000252089200001 ER PT J AU Wickland, KP Neff, JC Aiken, GR AF Wickland, Kimberly P. Neff, Jason C. Aiken, George R. TI Dissolved organic carbon in Alaskan boreal forest: Sources, chemical characteristics, and biodegradability SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE dissolved organic carbon; decomposition; fluorescence; boreal forest; Alaska; black spruce; thermokarst ID AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; ARCTIC TUNDRA; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; STREAM WATER; MATTER; RIVER; DECOMPOSITION; TEMPERATE AB The fate of terrestrially-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is important to carbon (C) cycling in both terrestrial and aquatic environments, and recent evidence suggests that climate warming is influencing DOC dynamics in northern ecosystems. To understand what determines the fate of terrestrial DOC, it is essential to quantify the chemical nature and potential biodegradability of this DOC. We examined DOC chemical characteristics and biodegradability collected from soil pore waters and dominant vegetation species in four boreal black spruce forest sites in Alaska spanning a range of hydrologic regimes and permafrost extents (Well Drained, Moderately Well Drained, Poorly Drained, and Thermokarst Wetlands). DOC chemistry was characterized using fractionation, UV-Vis absorbance, and fluorescence measurements. Potential biodegradability was assessed by incubating the samples and measuring CO2 production over I month. Soil pore water DOC from all sites was dominated by hydrophobic acids and was highly aromatic, whereas the chemical composition of vegetation leachate DOC varied significantly with species. There was no seasonal variability in soil pore water DOC chemical characteristics or biodegradability; however, DOC collected from the Poorly Drained site was significantly less biodegradable than DOC from the other three sites (6% loss vs. 13-15% loss). The biodegradability of vegetation-derived DOC ranged from 10 to 90% loss, and was strongly correlated with hydrophilic DOC content. Vegetation such as Sphagnum moss and feathermosses yielded DOC that was quickly metabolized and respired. in contrast, the DOC leached from vegetation such as black spruce was moderately recalcitrant. Changes in DOC chemical characteristics that occurred during microbial metabolism of DOC were quantified using fractionation and fluorescence. The chemical characteristics and biodegradability of DOC in soil pore waters were most similar to the moderately recalcitrant vegetation leachates, and to the microbially altered DOC from all vegetation leachates. C1 [Wickland, Kimberly P.; Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Neff, Jason C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Wickland, KP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM kpwick@usgs.gov RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472; Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590 NR 68 TC 129 Z9 138 U1 7 U2 114 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD DEC PY 2007 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1323 EP 1340 DI 10.1007/s10021-007-9101-4 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 247OM UT WOS:000252089200008 ER PT J AU Godinho, AL Kynard, B Godinho, HP AF Godinho, Alexandre L. Kynard, Boyd Godinho, Hugo P. TI Migration and spawning of female surubim (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, Pimelodidae) in the Sao Francisco river, Brazil SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE life-history; home range; homing; migratory fish; fish conservation ID REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; FISH; MATURITY; MATURATION; STURGEON; TROUT AB Surubim, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, is the most valuable commercial and recreational fish in the Sao Francisco River, but little is known about adult migration and spawning. Movements of 24 females (9.5-29.0 kg), which were radio-tagged just downstream of Tres Marias Dam (TMD) at river kilometer 2,109 and at Pirapora Rapids (PR) 129 km downstream of TMD, suggest the following conceptual model of adult female migration and spawning. The tagged surubims used only 274 km of the main stem downstream of TMD and two tributaries, the Velhas and Abaete rivers. Migration style was dualistic with non-migratory (resident) and migratory fish. Pre-spawning females swam at ground speeds of up to 31 km day(-1) in late September-December to pre-spawning staging sites located 0-11 km from the spawning ground. In the spawning season (November-March), pre-spawning females migrated back and forth from nearby pre-spawning staging sites to PR for short visits to spawn, mostly during floods. Multiple visits to the spawning site suggest surubim is a multiple spawner. Most post-spawning surubims left the spawning ground to forage elsewhere, but some stayed at the spawning site until the next spawning season. Post-spawning migrants swam up or downstream at ground speeds up to 29 km day(-1) during January-March. Construction of proposed dams in the main stem and tributaries downstream of TMD will greatly reduce surubim abundance by blocking migrations and changing the river into reservoirs that eliminate riverine spawning and non-spawning habitats, and possibly, cause extirpation of populations. C1 Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Fish Passage Ctr, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Univ Massachusetts, Wildlife & Fisheries Conservat Grad Program, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Minas Gerais, BR-30535610 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RP Godinho, AL (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Fish Passage Ctr, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM agodinho@ufmg.br RI Godinho, Hugo/C-7146-2013; Godinho, Alexandre/G-5809-2012 OI Godinho, Hugo/0000-0001-9161-8014; NR 40 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2007 VL 80 IS 4 BP 421 EP 433 DI 10.1007/s10641-006-9141-1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223MM UT WOS:000250374800006 ER PT J AU Watson, A Glaspell, B Christensen, N Lachapelle, P Sahanatien, V Gertsch, F AF Watson, Alan Glaspell, Brian Christensen, Neal Lachapelle, Paul Sahanatien, Vicki Gertsch, Frances TI Giving voice to wildlands visitors: Selecting indicators to protect and sustain experiences in the eastern arctic of Nunavut SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE limits of acceptable change; recreation; social indicators; wilderness; parks management; visitor experiences; factors of influence ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; NATIONAL-PARK; HEALTH; WILDERNESS; COMMUNITY; FRAMEWORK; IMPACTS AB Many public land management agencies are committed to understanding and protecting recreation visitor experiences. Parks Canada is deeply committed to that objective for visitors to Canada's National Parks. This 2004 study, informed by a 2003 qualitative study of visitor experiences and influences on those experiences at Auyuittuq National Park in Nunavut, worked to bring 50 potential elements of visitor experiences down to five articulated dimensions of the experience that is currently being received at this remote eastern arctic park. A hypothesized set of 17 influences on experiences, also reduced to just two factors with similar response patterns, and with some items that did not flow into the two factors, were used in a regression analysis to understand the relationship between experiences and factors of influence. A sample of 61.8% (84) of the total recreation visitor population 16 years of age or older was surveyed during deregistration after the trip. Knowledge about the dimensions of the experiences currently received and factors of influence on those experiences can be used to guide selection of indicators for describing objectives and prescribing monitoring protocol. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Conservat Planning & Policy, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Polit Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Pk Canada, Edmonton, AB T6E 4W2, Canada. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6E 4W2, Canada. Natl Human Use Management Specialist, Gatineau, PQ K1A OM5, Canada. RP Watson, A (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM awatson@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 40 IS 6 BP 880 EP 888 DI 10.1007/s00267-007-9019-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 235HQ UT WOS:000251224800006 PM 17882480 ER PT J AU Paulson, AJ Cox, SE AF Paulson, Anthony J. Cox, Stephen E. TI Release of elements to natural water from sediments of lake Roosevelt, Washington, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plant Uptake of Organic Pollutants CY NOV, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP SETAC DE interstitial; pore water; incubation; sediments; lake Roosevelt; Washington ID BASE-METAL; TOXICITY; CADMIUM AB Reservoir sediments from Lake Roosevelt (WA, USA) that were contaminated with smelter waste discharged into the Columbia River (BC, Canada) were examined using three measures of elemental release reflecting varying degrees of physical mixing and time scales. Aqueous concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb. and Zn in the interstitial water of reservoir sediments, in the gently stirred overlying waters of incubated sediment cores, and in supernatants of aggressively tumbled slurries of reservoir sediments generally were higher than the concentrations from a reference site. When compared to chronic water-quality criteria, all three measures of release suggest that slag-contaminated sediments near the U.S.-Canadian border are potentially toxic as a result of Cu release and Pb release in two of the three measures. All three measures of Cd release suggest potential toxicity for one site farther down the reservoir, probably contaminated as a result of transport and adsorption of Cd from smelter liquid waste. Releases of Zn and As did not appear to be potentially toxic. Carbonate geochemistry indirectly affects the potential toxicity by increasing water hardness. C1 US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Paulson, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, 934 Broadway, Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM apaulson@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2550 EP 2559 DI 10.1897/07-052.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 231OQ UT WOS:000250959300010 PM 18020685 ER PT J AU Nimick, DA Harper, DD Farag, AM Cleasby, TE Macconnell, E Skaar, D AF Nimick, David A. Harper, David D. Farag, Aida M. Cleasby, Thomas E. Macconnell, Elizabeth Skaar, Don TI Influence of in-stream dlel concentration cycles of dissolved trace metals on acute toxicity to one-year-old cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plant Uptake of Organic Pollutants CY NOV, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP SETAC DE cadmium; diurnal; Montana; temperature; zinc ID JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; MOUNTAIN STREAM; FLUCTUATING CONCENTRATIONS; HEAVY-METALS; DIEL CYCLES; CADMIUM; TEMPERATURE; ZINC; EXPOSURE; MONTANA AB Extrapolating results of laboratory bioassays to streams is difficult, because conditions such as temperature and dissolved metal concentrations can change substantially on diel time scales. Field bioassays conducted for 96 It in two mining-affected streams compared the survival of hatchery-raised, metal-naive westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi) exposed to dissolved (0.1-mu m filtration) metal concentrations that either exhibited the diel variation observed in streams or were controlled at a constant value. Cadmium and Zn concentrations in these streams increased each night by as much as 61 and 125%, respectively, and decreased a corresponding amount the next day, whereas Cu did not display a diel concentration cycle. In High Ore Creek (40 km south of Helena, MT, USA), survival (33%) after exposure to natural diel-fluctuating Zn concentrations (range, 214-634 mu g/L; mean, 428 mu g/L) was significantly (p = 0.008) higher than survival (14%) after exposure to a controlled, constant Zn concentration (422 mu g/L). Similarly, in Dry Fork Belt Creek (70 km southeast of Great Falls, MT, USA), survival (75%) after exposure to diel-fluctuating Zn concentrations (range, 266-522 mu g/L; mean, 399 mu g/L) was significantly (p = 0.022) higher than survival (50%) in the constant-concentration treatment (392 mu g/L). Survival likely was greater in these diel treatments, both because the periods of lower metal concentrations provided some relief for the fish and because toxicity during periods of higher metal concentrations was lessened by the simultaneous occurrence each night of lower water temperatures, which reduce the rate of metal uptake. Based on the present study, current water-quality criteria appear to be protective for streams with diel concentration cycles of Zn (and, perhaps, Cd) for the hydrologic conditions tested. C1 US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59601 USA. US Geol Survey, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Helena, MT 59620 USA. RP Nimick, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3162 Bozeman Ave, Helena, MT 59601 USA. EM dnimick@usgs.gov OI Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192 NR 46 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2667 EP 2678 DI 10.1897/07-265.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 231OQ UT WOS:000250959300023 PM 18020695 ER PT J AU Miles, AK Flint, PL Trust, KA Ricca, MA Spring, SE Arrieta, DE Hollmen, T Wilson, BW AF Miles, A. Keith Flint, Paul L. Trust, Kimberley A. Ricca, Mark A. Spring, Sarah E. Arrieta, Daniel E. Hollmen, Tuula Wilson, Barry W. TI Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in Steller's eiders (Polysticta stelleri) and harlequin ducks (Histronicus histronicus) in the eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plant Uptake of Organic Pollutants CY NOV, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP SETAC DE hydrocarbons; 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase; seaducks; Alaska ID NORTHERN NORWAY; PUGET-SOUND; WASTE-WATER; CYTOCHROME-P450; CONTAMINANTS; INDUCTION; EUTROPHICATION; VARANGERFJORD; PENINSULA; SURVIVAL AB Seaducks may be affected by harmful levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at seaports near the Arctic. As an indicator of exposure to PAHs, we measured hepatic enzyme 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity (EROD) to determine cytochrome P4501A induction in Steller's eiders (Polysticta stelleri) and Harlequin ducks (Histronicus histronicus) from Unalaska, Popof, and Unga Islands (AK, USA) in 2002 and 2003. We measured PAHs and organic contaminants in seaduck prey samples and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in seaduck blood plasma to determine any relationship to EROD. Using Akaike's information criterion, species and site differences best explained EROD patterns: Activity was higher in Harlequin ducks than in Steller's eiders and higher at industrial than at nonindustrial sites. Site-specific concentrations of PAHs in blue mussels ([Mytilus trossilus] seaduck prey; PAH concentrations higher at Dutch Harbor, Unalaska, than at other sites) also was important in defining EROD patterns. Organochlorine compounds rarely were detected in prey samples. No relationship was found between polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in avian blood and EROD, which further supported inferences derived from Akaike's information criterion. Congeners were highest in seaducks from a nonindustrial or reference site, contrary to PAH patterns. To assist in interpreting the field study, 15 captive Steller's ciders were dosed with a PAH known to induce cytochrome P4501A. Dosed, captive Steller's ciders had definitive induction, but results indicated that wild Steller's eiders were exposed to PAHs or other inducing compounds at levels greater than those used in laboratory studies. Concentrations of PAHs in blue mussels at or near Dutch Harbor (similar to 1,180-5,980 ng/g) approached those found at highly contaminated sites (similar to 4,100-7,500 ng/g). C1 Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, W Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Alaska Sealife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. RP Miles, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, W Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM keith_miles@usgs.gov OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 22 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2694 EP 2703 DI 10.1897/07-259.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 231OQ UT WOS:000250959300026 PM 18020694 ER PT J AU Mckernan, MA Rattner, BA Hale, RC Ottinger, MA AF Mckernan, Moira A. Rattner, Barnett A. Hale, Robert C. Ottinger, Mary Ann TI Egg incubation position affects toxicity of air cell administered polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (3,3 ',4,4 ',5-pentachlorobiphenyl) in chicken (Gallus gallus) embryos SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plant Uptake of Organic Pollutants CY NOV, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP SETAC DE chicken; egg injection; incubation; polychlorinated biphenyl 126 ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY; SURROGATES; MORTALITY; BIPHENYLS; WILDLIFE; PCBS; YOLK AB The avian egg is used extensively for chemical screening and determining the relative sensitivity of species to environmental contaminants (e.g., metals, pesticides, polyhalogenated compounds). The effect of egg incubation position on embryonic survival, pipping, and hatching success was examined following air cell administration of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener 126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl [PCB 126]; 500-2,000 pg/g egg) on day 4 of development in fertile chicken (Gallus gallus) eggs. Depending on dose, toxicity was found to be up to nine times greater in vertically versus horizontally incubated eggs. This may be due to enhanced embryonic exposure to the injection bolus in vertically incubated eggs compared to more gradual uptake in horizontally incubated eggs. Following air cell administration of PCB 126, horizontal incubation of eggs may more closely approximate uptake and toxicity that has been observed with naturally incorporated contaminants. These data have implications for chemical screening and use of laboratory data for ecological risk assessments. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM barnett_rattner@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 6 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2724 EP 2727 DI 10.1897/07-291.1 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 231OQ UT WOS:000250959300030 PM 18020697 ER PT J AU Etherington, LL Hooge, PN Hooge, ER Hill, DF AF Etherington, Lisa L. Hooge, Philip N. Hooge, Elizabeth R. Hill, David F. TI Oceanography of Glacier Bay, Alaska: Implications for biological patterns in a glacial fjord estuary SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; COASTAL FRESH-WATER; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TIDEWATER GLACIERS; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; TIDAL CURRENTS; PHYTOPLANKTON; CIRCULATION; PLANKTON; SUMMER AB Alaska, U.S.A, is one of the few remaining locations in the world that has fjords that contain temperate tidewater glaciers. Studying such estuarine systems provides vital information on how deglaciation affects oceanographic conditions of fjords and surrounding coastal waters. The oceanographic system of Glacier Bay, Alaska, is of particular interest due to the rapid deglaciation of the Bay and the resulting changes in the estuarine environment, the relatively high concentrations of marine mammals, seabirds, fishes, and invertebrates, and the Bay's status as a national park, where commercial fisheries are being phased out. We describe the first comprehensive broad-scale analysis of physical and biological oceanographic conditions within Glacier Bay based on CTD measurements at 24 stations from 1993 to 2002. Seasonal patterns of near-surface salinity, temperature, stratification, turbidity, and euphoric depth suggest that freshwater input was highest in summer, emphasizing the critical role of glacier and snowmelt to this system. Strong and persistent stratification of surface waters driven by freshwater input occurred from spring through fall. After accounting for seasonal and spatial variation, several of the external physical factors (i.e., air temperature, precipitation, day length) explained a large amount of variation in the physical properties of the surface waters. Spatial patterns of phytoplankton biomass varied throughout the year and were related to stratification levels, euphoric depth, and day length. We observed hydrographic patterns indicative of strong competing forces influencing water column stabillity within Glacier Bay: high levels of freshwater discharge promoted stratification in the upper fjord, while strong tidal currents over the Bay's shallow entrance sill enhanced vertical mixing. Where these two processes met in the central deep basins there were optimal conditions of intermediate stratification, higher light levels, and potential nutrient renewal. These conditions were associated with high and sustained chlorophyll a levels observed from spring through fall in these zones of the Bay and provide a framework for under-standing the abundance patterns of higher trophic levels within this estuarine system. C1 [Etherington, Lisa L.; Hooge, Philip N.; Hooge, Elizabeth R.] Alaska Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hill, David F.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Etherington, LL (reprint author), Cordell Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, POB 159, Olema, CA 94950 USA. EM lisa.etherington@noaa.gov RI Hill, David/C-4569-2012 NR 47 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD DEC PY 2007 VL 30 IS 6 BP 927 EP 944 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 258TE UT WOS:000252891600003 ER PT J AU McDonald, LL Bilby, R Bisson, PA Coutant, CC Epifanio, JM Goodman, D Hanna, S Huntly, N Merrill, E Riddell, B Liss, W Loudenslager, EJ Philipp, DP Smoker, W Whitney, RR Williams, RN AF McDonald, Lyman L. Bilby, Robert Bisson, Peter A. Coutant, Charles C. Epifanio, John M. Goodman, Daniel Hanna, Susan Huntly, Nancy Merrill, Erik Riddell, Brian Liss, William Loudenslager, Eric J. Philipp, David P. Smoker, William Whitney, Richard R. Williams, Richard N. CA Independent Sci Advisory Board Independent Sci Review Panel TI Research, monitoring, and evaluation of fish and wildlife restoration projects in the Columbia River Basin: Lessons learned and suggestions for large-scale monitoring programs SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB The year 2006 marked two milestones in the Columbia River Basin and the Pacific Northwest region's efforts to rebuild its once great salmon and steelhead runs-the 25(th) anniversary of the creation of the Northwest Power and Conservation Council and the 10,h anniversary of an amendment to the Northwest Power Act that formalized scientific peer review of the council's Fish and Wildlife Program and its varied individual projects. The authors of this article served as peer reviewers in the last decade. Restoration efforts in the Columbia River constitute a massive long-term attempt at fisheries and ecosystem restoration. In this article we examine some of the lessons we learned in reviewing the research, monitoring, and evaluation efforts of projects and their effects on advancing knowledge (i.e., adaptive management) in the Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program, one of the most ambitious and expensive long-term ecological restoration programs in the United States. C1 [McDonald, Lyman L.] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY USA. [Bilby, Robert] Weyerhaeuser Co, Tocama, WA USA. [Bisson, Peter A.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA USA. [Coutant, Charles C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Epifanio, John M.; Philipp, David P.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Div Ecol & Conservat Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Goodman, Daniel] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Hanna, Susan] Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Huntly, Nancy] Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Loudenslager, Eric J.] Humboldt State Univ, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Merrill, Erik; Independent Sci Advisory Board] NW Power & Conservat Council, Independent Sci Advisory Board, Portland, OR USA. [Merrill, Erik; Independent Sci Review Panel] NW Power & Conservat Council, Independent Sci Review Panel, Portland, OR USA. [Riddell, Brian] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. [Smoker, William] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK USA. [Whitney, Richard R.] Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Whitney, Richard R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Williams, Richard N.] Univ Idaho, Ctr Salmonids & Freshwater Species Risk, Hagerman, ID USA. RP McDonald, LL (reprint author), Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY USA. EM Lmcdonald@west-inc.com OI Huntly, Nancy/0000-0001-6051-6365 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD DEC PY 2007 VL 32 IS 12 BP 582 EP 590 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2007)32[582:RMAEOF]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 253AK UT WOS:000252489300007 ER PT J AU Ohte, N Dahlgren, RA Silva, SR Kendall, C Kratzer, CR Doctor, DH AF Ohte, Nobuhito Dahlgren, Randy A. Silva, Steven R. Kendall, Carol Kratzer, Charles R. Doctor, Daniel H. TI Sources and transport of algae and nutrients in a Californian river in a semi-arid climate SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE algal load; hydrological condition; hypoxia; nutrient load; San Joaquin River ID SAN-JOAQUIN RIVER; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; SEINE RIVER; EPISODIC HYPOXIA; BLUE CRABS; PHYTOPLANKTON; BELGIUM; ESTUARY; MEUSE; REHABILITATION AB 1. To elucidate factors contributing to dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion in the Stockton Deep Water Ship Channel in the lower San Joaquin River, spatial and temporal changes in algae and nutrient concentrations were investigated in relation to flow regime under the semiarid climate conditions. 2. Chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration and loads indicated that most algal biomass was generated by in-stream growth in the main stem of the river. The addition of algae from tributaries and drains was small (c.15% of total chl-a load), even though high concentrations of chl-a were measured in some source waters. 3. Nitrate and soluble-reactive phosphorus (SRP) were available in excess as a nutrient source for algae. Although nitrate and SRP from upstream tributaries contributed (16.9% of total nitrate load and 10.8% of total SRP load), nutrients derived from agriculture and other sources in the middle and lower river reaches were mostly responsible (20.2% for nitrate and 48.0% for SRP) for maintaining high nitrate and SRP concentrations in the main stem. 4. A reduction in nutrient discharge would attenuate the algal blooms that accelerate DO depletion in the Stockton Deep Water Ship Channel. The N : P ratio, in the main stem suggests that SRP reduction would be a more viable option for algae reduction than nitrogen reduction. 5. Very high algal growth rates in the main stem suggest that reducing the algal seed source in upstream areas would also be an effective strategy. C1 Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Kyoto, Japan. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Ohte, N (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Dept Forest Sci, Lab Forest Hydrol & Eros Control Engn, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. EM nobu@fr.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp OI Ohte, Nobuhito/0000-0003-0658-6834 NR 63 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 52 IS 12 BP 2476 EP 2493 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01849.x PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 232NN UT WOS:000251026500013 ER PT J AU Grauch, VJS Hudson, MR AF Grauch, V. J. S. Hudson, Mark R. TI Guides to understanding the aeromagnetic expression of faults in sedimentary basins: Lessons learned from the central Rio Grande rift, New Mexico SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE aeromagnetic surveys; faults; faulting; sedimentary basins; rifts ID ALBUQUERQUE BASIN; ANOMALIES; GRAVITY AB High-resolution aeromagnetic data acquired over several basins in the central Rio Grande rift, north-central New Mexico, prominently display low-amplitude (5-15 nT) linear anomalies associated with faults that offset basin-fill sediments. The linear anomalies give an unparalleled view of concealed faults within the basins that has significant implications for future basin studies. These implications provide the impetus for understanding the aeromagnetic expression of faults in greater detail. Lessons learned from the central Rio Grande rift help to understand the utility of aeromagnetic data for examining concealed faults in sedimentary basins in general. For example, linear anomalies in the rift can be explained entirely by the tectonic juxtaposition of magnetically differing strata rather than the product of chemical processes acting at the fault zone. Differences in layer thickness, depth to the layer(s), and magnetic susceptibility govern the variability of the anomaly shape. Further investigations of these variables using simple models provide graphical, mathematical, and conceptual guides for understanding the aeromagnetic expression of faults, including the criteria for aeromagnetic expression of faults, how to locate fault traces from aeromagnetic anomalies, the effect of fault dip, and how to assess the role of topography. The horizontal gradient method applied to reduced-to-pole aeromagnetic data is particularly effective in mapping fault locations, especially at regional scales. With our new understanding of the aeromagnetic expression of faults, we updated interpretations of faults from the aeromagnetic data for the central Rio Grande rift. These interpretations, along with the guides, should provide direction and fuel for future work in a wide variety of multidisciplinary basin-related topics. C1 [Grauch, V. J. S.; Hudson, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Grauch, VJS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 964, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 73 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2007 VL 3 IS 6 BP 596 EP 623 DI 10.1130/GES00128.1 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 240HC UT WOS:000251577200014 ER PT J AU King, NM Hillhouse, JW Gromme, S Hausback, BP Pluhar, CJ AF King, Nathan M. Hillhouse, John W. Gromme, Sherman Hausback, Brian P. Pluhar, Christopher J. TI Stratigraphy, paleomagnetism, and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of the Miocene Stanislaus Group, central Sierra Nevada and Sweetwater Mountains, California and Nevada SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE ash-flow tuff; Miocene; California; paleomagnetism; magnetic anisotropy ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PEACH SPRINGS TUFF; ASH-FLOW TUFFS; NORTHERN WALKER LANE; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION; COLORADO-PLATEAU; RANGE PROVINCE; NEW-MEXICO; BASIN AB Paleomagnetism and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) reveal pyroclastic flow patterns, stratigraphic correlations, and tectonic rotations in the Miocene Stanislaus Group, an extensive volcanic sequence in the central Sierra Nevada, California, and in the Walker Lane of California and Nevada. The Stanislaus Group (Table Mountain Latite, Eureka Valley Tuff, and the Dardanelles Formation) is a useful stratigraphic marker for understanding the post-9-Ma major faulting of the easternmost Sierra Nevada, uplift of the mountain range, and transtensional tectonics within the central Walker Lane. The Table Mountain Latite has a distinctively shallow reversed-polarity direction (I = -26.1 degrees, D = 163.1 degrees, and alpha(95) = 2.7 degrees) at sampling sites in the foothills and western slope of the Sierra Nevada. In ascending order, the Eureka Valley Tuff comprises the Tollhouse Flat Member (I = -62.8 degrees, D = 159.9 degrees, alpha(95) = 2.6 degrees), By-Day Member ( I = 52.4 degrees, D = 8.6 degrees, alpha(95) = 7.2 degrees), and Upper Member (I = 27.9 degrees, D = 358.0 degrees, alpha(95) = 10.4 degrees). The Dardanelles Formation has normal polarity. From the magnetization directions of the Eureka Valley Tuff in the central Walker Lane north of Mono Lake and in the Anchorite Hills, we infer clockwise, vertical-axis rotations of similar to 10 degrees to 26 degrees to be a consequence of dextral shear. The AMS results from 19 sites generally show that the Eureka Valley Tuff flowed outward from its proposed source area, the Little Walker Caldera, although several indicators are transverse to radial flow. AMS-derived flow patterns are consistent with mapped channels in the Sierra Nevada and Walker Lane. C1 [King, Nathan M.; Hausback, Brian P.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Geol, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Hillhouse, John W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Pluhar, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP King, NM (reprint author), San Francisco Bay Reg Water Qual Control Board, 1515 Clay St, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. NR 70 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2007 VL 3 IS 6 BP 646 EP 666 DI 10.1130/GES00132.1 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 240HC UT WOS:000251577200016 ER PT J AU Watt, JT Glen, JMG John, DA Ponce, DA AF Watt, Janet T. Glen, Jonathan M. G. John, David A. Ponce, David A. TI Three-dimensional geologic model of the northern Nevada rift and the Beowawe geothermal system, north-central Nevada SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE aeromagnetics; Beowawe geothermal system; gravity; north-central Nevada; northern Nevada rift; 3D geologic model ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LARGE-SCALE FRACTURES; GOLD DEPOSITS; BASIN; EVOLUTION; STRESS; AREA AB A three-dimensional (3D) geologic model of part of the northern Nevada rift encompassing the Beowawe geothermal system was developed from a series of two-dimensional (2D) geologic and geophysical models. The 3D model was constrained by local geophysical, geologic, and drill-hole information and integrates geologic and tectonic interpretations for the region. It places important geologic constraints on the extent and configuration of the active Beowawe geothermal system. The geologic framework represented in this model facilitates hydrologic modeling of the Beowawe geothermal system and evaluation of fluid flow in faults and adjacent rock units. Basin depths were determined using an iterative gravity-inversion technique that calculates the thickness of low-density, basin-filling deposits. The remaining subsurface structure was modeled using 2D potential-field modeling software. Crustal cross sections from the 2D models were generalized for use in the 3D model and consist of six stratigraphic layers defined as low-density basin sediments, volcanic rocks, basalt-andesite rocks of the northern Nevada rift, Jurassic and Cretaceous intrusive rocks, and Paleozoic siliceous and carbonate sedimentary rocks of the upper and lower plates of the Roberts Mountains allochthon, respectively. This simplified stratigraphy was combined with mapped surface geology and was extrapolated across the 3D model area. Features along the northern Nevada rift depicted by the model may represent preexisting crustal structures that controlled the locations and character of Tertiary tectonic and magmatic events related to Basin and Range extension and emplacement of the middle Miocene northern Nevada rift. Several of the geologic features represented are important components of the Beowawe geothermal system. Prominent ENE-trending faults (e. g., Malpais fault) that bound the southern edge of Whirlwind Valley, and older NNW-striking faults (e.g., Dunphy Pass and Muleshoe faults) that form major features of the model, are likely important pathways for geothermal fluids and groundwater flow from the Humboldt River, which may recharge the Beowawe system. C1 [Watt, Janet T.; Glen, Jonathan M. G.; John, David A.; Ponce, David A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Watt, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jwatt@usgs.gov; jglen@usgs.gov; djohn@usgs.gov; ponce@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2007 VL 3 IS 6 BP 667 EP 682 DI 10.1130/GES00100.1 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 240HC UT WOS:000251577200017 ER PT J AU Cotta, AJB Enzweiler, J Wilson, SA Perez, CA Nardy, AJR Larizzatti, JH AF Cotta, Aloisio J. B. Enzweiler, Jacinta Wilson, Stephen A. Perez, Carlos A. Nardy, Antonio J. R. Larizzatti, Joao H. TI Homogeneity of the geochemical reference material BRP-1 (Parana basin basalt) and assessment of minimum mass SO GEOSTANDARDS AND GEOANALYTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Geoanalysis 2006 Conference CY SEP, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE homogeneity; reference material; XRF; synchrotron; minimum mass; homogeneity factor ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; SYNCHROTRON MICRO-XRF; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MICROANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES; ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES; CERTIFICATION; MICROHETEROGENEITY; MICROHOMOGENEITY; RADIATION; PROTOCOL AB Reference materials (RM) are required for quantitative analyses and their successful use is associated with the degree of homogeneity, and the traceability and confidence limits of the values established by characterisation. During the production of a RM, the chemical characterisation can only commence after it has been demonstrated that the material has the required level of homogeneity. Here we describe the preparation of BRP-1, a proposed geochemical reference material, and the results of the tests to evaluate its degree of homogeneity between and within bottles. BRP-1 is the first of two geochemical RM being produced by Brazilian institutions in collaboration with the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the International Association of Geoanalysts (IAG). Two test portions of twenty bottles of BRP-1 were analysed by wavelength dispersive-XRF spectrometry and major, minor and eighteen trace elements were determined. The results show that for most of the investigated elements, the units of BRP-1 were homogeneous at conditions approximately three times more rigorous than those strived for by the test of "sufficient homogeneity". Furthermore, the within bottle homogeneity of BRP-1 was evaluated using small beam (1 mm(2)) synchrotron radiation XRF spectrometry and, for comparison, the USGS reference materials BCR-2 and GSP-2 were also evaluated. From our data, it has been possible to assign representative minimum masses for some major constituents (1 mg) and for some trace elements (1-13 mg), except Zr in GSP-2, for which test portions of 74 mg are recommended. C1 [Cotta, Aloisio J. B.; Enzweiler, Jacinta] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Geociencias, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Wilson, Stephen A.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Perez, Carlos A.] LNLS, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Nardy, Antonio J. R.] UNESP, IGCE, BR-13506906 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. [Larizzatti, Joao H.] Serv Geol Brasil, BR-22290240 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Enzweiler, J (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Geociencias, CP 6152, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM jacinta@ige.unicamp.br RI Enzweiler, Jacinta/B-9023-2012; Perez, Carlos/F-9949-2013 OI Perez, Carlos/0000-0003-4284-3148 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1639-4488 J9 GEOSTAND GEOANAL RES JI Geostand. Geoanal. Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 BP 379 EP 393 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 241PV UT WOS:000251669200011 ER PT J AU Johnson, RH AF Johnson, Raymond H. TI Ground water flow modeling with sensitivity analyses to guide field data collection in a mountain watershed SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID COLORADO AB In mountain watersheds, the increased demand for clean water resources has led to an increased need for an understanding of ground water flow in alpine settings. In Prospect Gulch, located in southwestern Colorado, understanding the ground water flow system is an important first step in addressing metal loads from acid-mine drainage and acid-rock drainage in an area with historical mining. Ground water flow modeling with sensitivity analyses are presented as a general tool to guide future field data collection, which is applicable to any ground water study, including mountain watersheds. For a series of conceptual models, the observation and sensitivity capabilities of MODFLOW-2000 are used to determine composite scaled sensitivities, dimensionless scaled sensitivities, and 1% scaled sensitivity maps of hydraulic head. These sensitivities determine the most important input parameter(s) along with the location of observation data that are most useful for future model calibration. The results are generally independent of the conceptual model and indicate recharge in a high-elevation recharge zone as the most important parameter, followed by the hydraulic conductivities in all layers and recharge in the next lower-elevation zone. The most important observation data in determining these parameters are hydraulic heads at high elevations, with a depth of less than 100 m being adequate. Evaluation of a possible geologic structure with a different hydraulic conductivity than the surrounding bedrock indicates that ground water discharge to individual stream reaches has the potential to identify some of these structures. Results of these sensitivity analyses can be used to prioritize data collection in an effort to reduce time and money spend by collecting the most relevant model calibration data. RP Johnson, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cent Reg Mineral Resources Team, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 973, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rhjohnso@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00125.x PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 136MS UT WOS:000244228600005 ER PT J AU Carpenter, RE Watt, MJ Forster, GL Overli, O Bockholt, C Renner, KI Summers, CH AF Carpenter, Russ E. Watt, Michael J. Forster, Gina L. Overli, Oyvind Bockholt, Craig Renner, Kenneth I. Summers, Cliff H. TI Corticotropin releasing factor induces anxiogenic locomotion in trout and alters serotonergic and dopaminergic activity SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE anxiety; CRF; dopamine; locomotion; Oncorhynchus mykiss; raphe; serotonin; subpallium ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; FACTOR CRF; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; PLASMA-CORTISOL; DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION; STRESS RESPONSIVENESS; ACTIVATING PROPERTIES; STRIA TERMINALIS AB Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and serotonin (5-HT) are strongly linked to stress and anxiety in vertebrates. As a neuromodulator in the brain, CRF has anxiogenic properties often characterized by increased locomotion and stereotyped behavior in familiar environments. We hypothesized that expression of anxiogenic behavior in response to CRF will also be exhibited in a teleost fish. Rainbow trout were treated with intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), 500 or 2000 ng ovine CRF, or not injected. Treatment with either dose of CRF elicited greater locomotion and pronounced head shaking behavior but did not influence water colurrin position. Locomotor and head shaking behaviors may be analogous to the increased stereotypy evoked by icv CRF in rats and may reflect the expression of stress/anxiety behavior. Injection with either aCSF or CRF produced significant increases in plasma cortisol. The absence of behavioral changes in aCSF-injected fish suggests that the behavioral responses following CRF were not due to cortisol. Treatment with 2000 ng CRIF significantly increased serotonin, 5-HIAA and dopamine concentrations in the subpallium and raphe and increased 5-HIAA in the preoptic hypothalamus (POA). Concurrent effects of CRF on central monoamines, locomotion and head shaking in trout suggest that anxiogenic properties of CRF are evolutionarily conserved. In addition, positive linear correlations between locomotion and serotonergic and dopaminergic function in the subpallium, POA and raphe nuclei suggest a locomotory function for these monoamines. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Carpenter, Russ E.; Watt, Michael J.; Overli, Oyvind; Renner, Kenneth I.; Summers, Cliff H.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Carpenter, Russ E.; Watt, Michael J.; Forster, Gina L.; Renner, Kenneth I.; Summers, Cliff H.] Univ S Dakota, Sanford Sch Med, Neurosci Grp, Div Basic Biomed Sci, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Overli, Oyvind] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Anim & Aquacultural Sci, N-1432 As, Norway. [Bockholt, Craig] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. RP Summers, CH (reprint author), Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, 414 E Clark St, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. EM Cliff@USD.Edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR015567, P20 RR015567-087017, P20 RR15567] NR 73 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0018-506X J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 52 IS 5 BP 600 EP 611 DI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.07.012 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 246VN UT WOS:000252035800007 PM 17826776 ER PT J AU Taylor, JG AF Taylor, Jonathan G. TI Introduction to special section on fire human ecology SO HUMAN ECOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM thebears@frii.com NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC HUMAN ECOLOGY PI BAR HARBOR PA 105 EDEN ST, BAR HARBOR, ME 04609 USA SN 1074-4827 J9 HUM ECOL REV JI Hum. Ecol. Rev. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 163 EP 164 PG 2 WC Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA 206QD UT WOS:000249197100005 ER PT J AU Taylor, JG Gillette, SC Hodgson, RW Downing, JL Burns, MR Chavez, DJ Hogan, JT AF Taylor, Jonathan G. Gillette, Shana C. Hodgson, Ronald W. Downing, Judith L. Burns, Michele R. Chavez, Deborah J. Hogan, John T. TI Informing the network: Improving communication with interface communities during wildland fire SO HUMAN ECOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE fire; communication; wildland urban interface; quick response research; sense-making ID HAZARDS AB An interagency research team studied fire communications that took place during different stages of two wildfires in southern California: one small fire of short duration and one large fire of long duration. This "quick- response" research showed that pre-fire communication planning was particularly effective for smaller fire events and parts of that planning proved invaluable for the large fire event as well. Information seeking by the affected public relied on locally convenient sources during the small fire. During the large fire, widespread evacuations disrupted many of the local informal communication networks. Residents' needs were for "real-time," place-specific information: precise location, severity, size, and direction of spread of the fires. Fire man agement agencies must contribute real-time, place-specific fire information when it is most needed by the affected public, as they try to make sense out of the chaos of a wildland fire. Disseminating fire information as broadly as possible through multiple pathways will maximize the probability of the public finding the information they need. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Colorado State Univ, Journalism & Tech Commun Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Taylor, JG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. EM thebears@frii.com; shanag@lamar.colostate.edu; rhodgson707@comcast.net; j1downing@fs.fed.us; micheleburns409@yahoo.com; dchavez@fs.fed.us; john_hogan@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 7 PU SOC HUMAN ECOLOGY PI BAR HARBOR PA 105 EDEN ST, BAR HARBOR, ME 04609 USA SN 1074-4827 J9 HUM ECOL REV JI Hum. Ecol. Rev. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 198 EP 211 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA 206QD UT WOS:000249197100009 ER PT J AU Radebaugh, J Lorenz, RD Kirk, RL Lunine, JI Stofan, ER Lopes, RMC Wall, SD AF Radebaugh, Jani Lorenz, Ralph D. Kirk, Randolph L. Lunine, Jonathan I. Stofan, Ellen R. Lopes, Rosaly M. C. Wall, Stephen D. CA Cassini Radar Team TI Mountains on Titan observed by Cassini Radar SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Satellites; surfaces; Saturn; satellites; Tectonics ID SURFACE; ICE; METHANE; ORIGIN; EJECTA; MAPPER; MARS AB The Cassini Titan Radar mapper has observed elevated blocks and ridge-forming block chains on Saturn's moon Titan demonstrating high topography we term "mountains." Summit flanks measured from the T3 (February 2005) and T8 (October 2005) flybys have a mean maximum slope of 37 degrees and total elevations up to 1930 in as derived from a shape-from-shading model corrected for the probable effects of image resolution. Mountain peak morphologies and surrounding, diffuse blankets give evidence that erosion has acted upon these features, perhaps in the form of fluvial runoff. Possible formation mechanisms for these mountains include crustal compressional tectonism and upthrusting of blocks, extensional tectonism and formation of horst-and-graben, deposition as blocks of impact ejecta, or dissection and erosion of a preexisting layer of material. All above processes may be at work, given the diversity of geology evident across Titan's surface. Comparisons of mountain and blanket volumes and erosion rate estimates for Titan provide a typical mountain age as young as 20-100 million years. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Radebaugh, Jani] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Planetary Explorat Grp, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Kirk, Randolph L.] US Geol Survey, Div Astrogeol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Radebaugh, Jani; Lorenz, Ralph D.; Lunine, Jonathan I.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lunine, Jonathan I.] INAF, IFSI, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Stofan, Ellen R.] Proxemy Res, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. [Lopes, Rosaly M. C.; Wall, Stephen D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Radebaugh, J (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM jani.radebaugh@byu.edu RI Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 NR 52 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 192 IS 1 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.06.020 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 241JL UT WOS:000251652600005 ER PT J AU Nielsen, JK Taggart, SJ Shirley, TC Mondragon, J AF Nielsen, Julie K. Taggart, S. James Shirley, Thomas C. Mondragon, Jennifer TI Spatial distribution of juvenile and adult female Tanner crabs (Chionoecetes bairdi) in a glacial fjord ecosystem: implications for recruitment processes SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Chionoecetes; glacial habitat; juvenile; recruitment; refuge; spatial autocorrelation; spatial distribution; Tanner crab ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; EARLY BENTHIC STAGES; OPILIO O-FABRICIUS; SNOW CRAB; CANCER-MAGISTER; DUNGENESS CRAB; BLUE-CRAB; CARCINUS-MAENAS; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; TERMINAL MOLT AB A systematic pot survey in Glacier Bay, Alaska, was conducted to characterize the spatial distribution of juvenile and adult female Tanner crabs, and their association with depth and temperature. The information was used to infer important recruitment processes for Tanner crabs in glaciated ecosystems. High-catch areas for juvenile and adult female Tanner crabs were identified using local auto-correlation statistics. Spatial segregation by size class corresponded to features in the glacial landscape: high-catch areas for juveniles were located at the distal ends of two narrow glacial fjords, and high-catch areas for adults were located in the open waters of the central Bay. Juvenile female Tanner crabs were found at nearly all sampled depths (15-439 m) and temperatures (4-8 degrees C), but the biggest catches were at depths <150 m where adults were scarce. Because adults may prey on or compete with juveniles, the distribution of juveniles could be influenced by the distribution of adults. Areas where adults or predators are scarce, such as glacially influenced fjords, could serve as refuges for juvenile Tanner crabs. C1 [Nielsen, Julie K.; Shirley, Thomas C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Taggart, S. James; Mondragon, Jennifer] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Nielsen, JK (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, 11120 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM j.nielsen@uaf.edu NR 89 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 64 IS 9 BP 1772 EP 1784 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsm158 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 246PM UT WOS:000252019300015 ER PT J AU Henley, WF Neves, RJ Caceci, T Saacke, RG AF Henley, William F. Neves, Richard J. Caceci, Thomas Saacke, Richard G. TI Anatomical descriptions and comparison of the reproductive tracts of Utterbackia imbecillis and Villosa iris (Bivalvia : Unionidae) SO INVERTEBRATE REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Unionidae; reproductive tract; hermaphroditism; reproduction ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; MICROVILLAR ION CHANNELS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; UNITED-STATES; MOLLUSCA; BIOLOGY; RIVER; EGGS; FERTILIZATION AB The reproductive tracts of dioecious Villosa iris (Lea, 1829) and hermaphroditic Utterbackia imbecillis (Say, 1829) are described and compared in sections of viscera examined with light and transmission electron microscopy. In both species, gametes are transported via ciliated gonoducts to a collecting gonosinus, connected to a ciliated genital duct by a highly rugated and musculaturized gonopore. This gonopore may be sphinctural and important for retaining gametes in the gonosinus for timely release. The genital duct is separate from the kidney and leads to the suprabranchial chamber. Epithelia of the gonoducts and gonosinuses of U. imbecillis, but not V. iris, contain secretory cells whose granules stain positive with periodic acid/Schiff (PAS), indicating the presence of carbohydrates or glycoproteins. Examinations of reproductive tracts of other species revealed that those of Elliptio complanata (Lightfoot, 1786), Lexingtonia dolabelloides (Lea, 1840), Villosa vanuxemensis (Lea, 1838), and Lampsilis fasciola Rafinesque, 1820 are similar to those of V. iris and U. imbecillis, except that only the tracts of U. imbecillis contain PAS-positive secretory cells. The gonoducts and gonosinuses of all species examined had an abundance of cilia and microvilli. We hypothesize that the numerous microvilli in the reproductive tracts may indicate intra-luminal regulation of important ion and glucose concentrations, and that the PAS-positive secretions of U. imbecillis may temporarily inhibit self-fertilization. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Freshwater Mollusk Conservat Ctr, Virginia Tech Aquaculture Ctr, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit,Dept F, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Henley, WF (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Freshwater Mollusk Conservat Ctr, Virginia Tech Aquaculture Ctr, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit,Dept F, 106 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM whenley@vt.edu NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0792-4259 J9 INVERTEBR REPROD DEV JI Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 50 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1080/07924259.2007.9652221 PG 12 WC Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 175ZO UT WOS:000247052700001 ER PT J AU Jessup, DA Miller, MA Kreuder-Johnson, C Conrad, PA Tinker, MT Estes, J Mazet, JAK AF Jessup, David A. Miller, Melissa A. Kreuder-Johnson, Chris Conrad, Patricia A. Tinker, M. Timothy Estes, James Mazet, Jorma A. K. TI Sea otters in a dirty ocean SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; COASTAL CALIFORNIA; MORTALITY; RISK; COMPLEXITY; PATTERNS; ALASKA; SPP. C1 Calif Dept Fish & Game, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci,Biol Resources Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Jessup, DA (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Game, 1451 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RI Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011 NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 231 IS 11 BP 1648 EP 1652 DI 10.2460/javma.231.11.1648 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 236ZW UT WOS:000251343300009 PM 18052796 ER PT J AU Reynolds-Hogland, MJ Pacifici, LB Mitchell, MS AF Reynolds-Hogland, Melissa J. Pacifici, Lara B. Mitchell, Michael S. TI Linking resources with demography to understand resource limitation for bears SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clearcuts; habitat quality; lambda; recruitment; resource limitation; survival; Ursus americanus ID POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; BLACK BEARS; HABITAT QUALITY; MAST PRODUCTION; SOFT MAST; SURVIVAL; FOOD; REPRODUCTION; DENSITY AB Identifying the resources that limit growth of animal populations is essential for effective conservation; however, resource limitation is difficult to quantify. Recent advances in geographical information systems (GIS) and resource modelling can be combined with demographic modelling to yield insights into resource limitation. Using long-term data on a population of black bears Ursus americanus, we evaluated competing hypotheses about whether availability of hard mast (acorns and nuts) or soft mast (fleshy fruits) limited bears in the southern Appalachians, USA, during 1981-2002. The effects of clearcutting on habitat quality were also evaluated. Annual survival, recruitment and population growth rate were estimated using capture-recapture data from 101 females. The availability of hard mast, soft mast and clearcuts was estimated with a GIS, as each changed through time as a result of harvest and succession, and then availabilities were incorporated as covariates for each demographic parameter. The model with the additive availability of hard mast and soft mast across the landscape predicted survival and population growth rate. Availability of young clearcuts predicted recruitment, but not population growth or survival. Availability of hard mast stands across the landscape and availability of soft mast across the landscape were more important than hard mast production and availability of soft mast in young clearcuts, respectively. Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate that older stands, which support high levels of hard mast and moderate levels of soft mast, should be maintained to sustain population growth of bears in the southern Appalachians. Simultaneously, the acreage of intermediate aged stands (10-25 years), which support very low levels of both hard mast and soft mast, should be minimized. The approach used in this study has broad application for wildlife management and conservation. State and federal wildlife agencies often possess long-term data on both resource availability and capture-recapture for wild populations. Combined, these two data types can be used to estimate survival, recruitment, population growth, elasticities of vital rates and the effects of resource availability on demographic parameters. Hence data that are traditionally used to understand population trends can be used to evaluate how and why demography changes over time. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Reynolds-Hogland, MJ (reprint author), 559 Grandview Dr, Stevensville, MT 59870 USA. EM meljor1@yahoo.com RI Mitchell, Michael/H-1117-2011 NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1166 EP 1175 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01317.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 225EO UT WOS:000250500100009 ER PT J AU Parsley, MJ Wright, CD van der Leeuw, BK Kofoot, EE Peery, CA Moser, ML AF Parsley, M. J. Wright, C. D. van der Leeuw, B. K. Kofoot, E. E. Peery, C. A. Moser, M. L. TI White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) passage at the Dallas Dam, Columbia River, USA SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL PRODUCTION; LAKE STURGEON; LOCOMOTION; FULVESCENS; MOVEMENTS; DYNAMICS; HABITAT AB White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) >= 95 cm TL were monitored using acoustic and radio telemetry at a large hydroelectric dam (the Dalles Dam) on the Columbia River, during March 2004 through November 2005 to determine timing and routes of passage and to characterize general movements. Transmitters were surgically implanted into 148 fish during the study; 90 were released into the tailrace and 58 into the forebay. We documented 26 passage events by 19 tagged fish: eight upstream via fish ladders and 18 downstream, mostly through open spill gates. During the study 17 fish entered the two ladders one or more times; 11 entered only the east ladder, three entered only the north ladder, and three entered both ladders at sometime. Residence time within the ladders by individual fish was variable, ranging from about 1 min to nearly 6 months (median = 7.7 h). Only six fish successfully ascended the east ladder, one fish twice. We could not unequivocally determine which fish ladder one fish used to pass upstream. Differences in construction between the north and east fish ladders may account for the greater success of the east fish ladder in passing sturgeon upstream. Changes to operations at hydroelectric dams to benefit migrating anadromous salmonids may influence upstream or downstream passage by white sturgeon. Altering patterns and timing of spill discharge, altering fish ladder entrance attraction flows, and the use of lights, sound, and partial barriers to direct other species of fish to preferred passage routes have unknown effects on sturgeon passage. A better understanding of the consequences to the metapopulation of increasing or precluding upstream or downstream passage is needed. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Parsley, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5001A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM michael_parsley@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 23 IS 6 BP 627 EP 635 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00869.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 228WB UT WOS:000250762200001 ER PT J AU Makrakis, MC Miranda, LE Makrakis, S Xavier, AMM Fontes, HM Morlis, WG AF Makrakis, M. C. Miranda, L. E. Makrakis, S. Xavier, A. M. M. Fontes, H. M. Morlis, W. G. TI Migratory movements of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, in the highly impounded Parana River SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A mark-recapture study was conducted in 1997-2005 to investigate movements of stocked pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, in the Parana River Basin of Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. Fish raised in cages within the Itaipu Reservoir and in ponds were tagged externally (n = 2976) and released in the Itaipu Reservoir (53.2%) and bays of its major tributaries (46.8%). In total, 367 fish (12.3%) were recaptured. In all, 91% of the pacu moved away from the release site; upstream movements were more extensive than downstream movements. Pacu traveled upstream a maximum of 422 km (average of 41.3 km) at a maximum rate of 26.4 km day(-1) (av. 0.8). Downstream movements were limited in terms of number of individuals and distance moved. Fish released during the wet season moved farther than those released during the dry season, and feeding rather than spawning might have been the compelling reason for movement. Although fish passed downstream through dams, none of the marked fish were detected to have moved upstream through the passage facilities. Pacu showed movement patterns not radically different from those of other neotropical migratory species, but their migratory movements may not be as extensive as those of other large migratory species in the basin. C1 Univ Estadual Oeste Parana, Toledo, Parana, Brazil. Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Starkville, MS USA. Itaipu BinaclHydroelect Power Plant, Foz do Iguacu, Parana, Brazil. RP Makrakis, MC (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mcaviccm@hotmail.com NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 23 IS 6 BP 700 EP 704 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.01006.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 228WB UT WOS:000250762200014 ER PT J AU Lukins, HJ Zale, AV Barrows, FT AF Lukins, Halcyon J. Zale, Alexander V. Barrows, Frederic T. TI A packed-bed filtration system for collection of Myxobolus cerebralis triactinomyxons SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DISEASE MYXOSOMA-CEREBRALIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RAINBOW-TROUT; WHIRLING DISEASE; CONTAMINATED WATER; SAND FILTRATION; FISH AGE; SALMONIDS; RIVER AB Information on the distribution and abundance of Myxobolus cerebralis triactinomyxons in natural systems is limited because direct and accurate sampling methods for this life stage have not been developed. Existing methods are based on indirect measures of triactinomyxon densities and are therefore confounded. Direct estimation of triactinomyxon concentrations would more exactly pinpoint the ambient infection risk to wild fish and allow evaluation of management strategies designed to mitigate the effects of the disease. We developed a mobile packed-bed filtration system that quickly, accurately, and precisely collects, concentrates, and quantifies triactinomyxons. The system includes pumping, prefiltration, two rounds of packed-bed filtration, and centrifugation. Laboratory tests of the completed system using known quantities of triactinomyxons resulted in a mean recovery rate of 91% with a minimum detectable concentration of triactinomyxons of 0.04/L. We subsequently field-tested the system at a site known to be positive for the parasite and recovered triactinomyxons at densities of 0.7-1.4/L. The packed-bed filtration system has the potential to quickly determine the temporal and spatial variation in infection risk and to test the efficacy of various management strategies. C1 [Lukins, Halcyon J.; Zale, Alexander V.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Lukins, Halcyon J.; Zale, Alexander V.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Fish & Wildlife Management Program, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Lukins, HJ (reprint author), Wyoming Game & Fish Lab, Laramie, WY 82020 USA. EM hlukins@uwyo.edu NR 35 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2007 VL 19 IS 4 BP 234 EP 241 DI 10.1577/H06-048.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 261RM UT WOS:000253097700004 PM 18333480 ER PT J AU Blazer, VS Iwanowicz, LR Iwanowicz, DD Smith, DR Young, JA Hedrick, JD Foster, SW Reeser, SJ AF Blazer, V. S. Iwanowicz, L. R. Iwanowicz, D. D. Smith, D. R. Young, J. A. Hedrick, J. D. Foster, S. W. Reeser, S. J. TI Intersex (testicular oocytes) in smallmouth bass from the Potomac River and selected nearby drainages SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; ROACH RUTILUS-RUTILUS; FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; GONADAL DEVELOPMENT; TESTIS-OVA; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; SEXUAL DISRUPTION; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; GOBIO-GOBIO AB Intersex, or the presence of characteristics of both sexes, in fishes that are normally gonochoristic has been used as an indicator of exposure to estrogenic compounds. In 2003, during health assessments conducted in response to kills and a high prevalence of skin lesions observed in smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu in the South Branch of the Potomac River, the presence of immature oocytes within testes was noted. To evaluate this condition, a severity index (0-4) was developed based on the distribution of oocytes within the testes. Using gonad samples collected from 2003 to 2005, the number of histologic sections needed to accurately detect the condition in mature smallmouth bass was statistically evaluated. The reliability of detection depended on the severity index and the number of sections examined. Examining five transverse sections taken along the length of the gonad resulted in a greater than 90% probability of detecting testicular oocytes when the severity index exceeded 0.5. Using the severity index we compared smallmouth bass collected at selected sites within the South Branch during three seasons in 2004. Seasonal differences in severity and prevalence were observed. The highest prevalence and severity were consistently noted during the prespawn-spawning season, when compared with the postspawn season. In 2005, smallmouth bass were collected at selected out-of-basin sites in West Virginia where fish kills and external skin lesions have not been reported, as well as at sites in the Shenandoah River, Virginia (part of the Potomac drainage), where kills and lesions occurred in 2004-2005. The prevalence of testicular oocytes is discussed in terms of human population and agricultural intensity. C1 [Blazer, V. S.; Iwanowicz, L. R.; Iwanowicz, D. D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Smith, D. R.; Young, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Hedrick, J. D.] W Virginia Div Nat Resources, Romney, WV 26757 USA. [Foster, S. W.] USA, Corps Engn, Apple Grove, WV 25502 USA. [Reeser, S. J.] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Verona, VA 24482 USA. RP Blazer, VS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM vblazer@usgs.gov OI Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 NR 59 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2007 VL 19 IS 4 BP 242 EP 253 DI 10.1577/H07-031.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 261RM UT WOS:000253097700005 PM 18333481 ER PT J AU Bendorf, CM Kelley, GO Yun, SC Kurath, G Andree, KB Hedrick, RP AF Bendorf, Christin M. Kelley, Garry O. Yun, Susan C. Kurath, Gael Andree, Karl B. Hedrick, Ronald P. TI Genetic diversity of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus from Feather River and Lake Oroville, California, and virulence of selected isolates for Chinook salmon and rainbow trout SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FISH RHABDOVIRUS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; NATURAL-SELECTION; EVOLUTION; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; GLYCOPROTEIN; IHNV; SUBSTITUTIONS AB Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a significant pathogen of young salmonid fishes worldwide but particularly within the historical range of the Pacific Northwest and California. In the Sacramento and San Joaquin River drainages of California, IHNV outbreaks in juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha have been observed regularly at large production hatcheries, including Coleman National Fish Hatchery (established in 1941) and Feather River State Fish Hatchery (FRH; established in 1967), since facility operations began. Recent severe epidemics at the FRH in 1998 and 2000-2002 prompted investigations into the characteristics and potential sources of virus at this facility. Both phylogenetic analyses of a variable portion of the glycoprotein gene and serologic comparisons based on neutralization with three polyclonal rabbit sera were used to characterize 82 IHNV isolates from the Feather River watershed between 1969 and 2004. All isolates examined were in the L genogroup and belonged to one of three serologic groups typical of IHNV from California. The IHNV isolates from the Feather River area demonstrated a maximum nucleotide sequence divergence of 4.0%, and new isolates appeared to emerge from previous isolates rather than by the introduction of more diverse subgroups from exogenous sources. The earliest isolates examined from the watershed formed the subgroup LI, which disappeared coincidently with a temporal shift to new genetic and serologic types of the larger subgroup LII. Experimental challenges demonstrated no significant differences in the virulence for juvenile Chinook salmon and rainbow trout O. mykiss from selected isolates representing the principal types of IHNV found historically and from recent epidemics at FRH. While most isolates were equally virulent for both host species, one isolate was found to be more virulent for Chinook salmon than for rainbow trout. C1 [Andree, Karl B.; Hedrick, Ronald P.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Andree, Karl B.; Hedrick, Ronald P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hedrick, RP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rphedrick@ucdavis.edu RI Andree, Karl/L-7465-2014 OI Andree, Karl/0000-0001-6564-0015 NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2007 VL 19 IS 4 BP 254 EP 269 DI 10.1577/H07-003.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 261RM UT WOS:000253097700006 PM 18333482 ER PT J AU Xian, G Crane, M Su, J AF Xian, George Crane, Mike Su, Junshan TI An analysis of urban development and its environmental impact on the Tampa Bay watershed SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE urbanization; remote sensing; water quality; pollutant loading ID LAND-USE CHANGE; URBANIZATION; PERSPECTIVE; QUALITY; SCALE AB Urbanization has transformed natural landscapes into anthropogenic impervious surfaces. Urban land use has become a major driving force for land cover and land use change in the Tampa Bay watershed of west-central Florida. This study investigates urban land use change and its impact on the watershed. The spatial and temporal changes, as well as the development density of urban land use are determined by analyzing the impervious surface distribution using Landsat satellite imagery. Population distribution and density are extracted from the 2000 census data. Non-point source pollution parameters used for measuring water quality are analyzed for the subdrainage basins of Hillsborough County. The relationships between 2002 urban land use, population distribution and their environmental influences are explored using regression analysis against various non-point source pollutant loadings in these sub-drainage basins. The results suggest that strong associations existed between most pollutant loadings and the extent of impervious surface within each sub-drainage basin in 2002. Population density also exhibits apparent correlations with loading rates of several pollutants. Spatial variations of selected non-point source pollutant loadings are also assessed. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Div Engn, Tampa, FL 33601 USA. RP Xian, G (reprint author), SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM xian@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 78 Z9 95 U1 10 U2 72 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 85 IS 4 BP 965 EP 976 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.11.012 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 232RW UT WOS:000251038100018 PM 17208348 ER PT J AU Gorman, KB Flint, PL Esler, D Williams, TD AF Gorman, Kristen B. Flint, Paul L. Esler, Daniel Williams, Tony D. TI Ovarian follicle dynamics of female Greater Scaup during egg production SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aythya marila; Greater Scaup; ovarian follicles; rapid follicle growth; Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta ID NUTRIENT RESERVES; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; CLUTCH FORMATION; SIZE; REPRODUCTION; POPULATIONS; HYPOTHESES; WATERFOWL; ALASKA AB Studies of female waterfowl nutrient reserve use during egg production require a precise understanding of ovarian follicle dynamics to correctly interpret breeding status, and, therefore, derive proper inference. Concerns over numerical declines of North American scaup have increased the need to better understand the role of female condition in reproductive performance. We quantified ovarian follicle dynamics of female Greater Scaup (Aythya marila) breeding on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, using a method that accounts for within day variation in follicle size. We considered several models for describing changes in follicle growth with the best supported model estimating the duration of rapid follicle growth (RFG) to be 5.20 +/- 0.52 days (+/- 95% confidence intervals) for each developing follicle. Average diameter and dry mass of preovulatory follicles were estimated to be 9.36 mm and 0.26 g, respectively, at the onset of RFG, and these follicle characteristics were 41.47 mm and 15.57 g, respectively, at ovulation. The average diameter of postovulatory follicles immediately following ovulation was estimated to be 17.35 mm, regressing quickly over several days. In addition, we derived predictive equations using diameter and dry mass to estimate the number of days before, and after, ovulation for pre- and postovulatory follicles, as well as an equation to estimate dry mass of damaged follicles. Our results allow precise definition of RFG and nest initiation dates, clutch size, and the daily energetic and nutritional demands of egg production at the individual level. This study provides the necessary foundation for additional work on Greater Scaup reproductive energetics and physiology, and offers an approach for quantifying ovarian follicle dynamics in other species. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Delta, BC V5K 3N2, Canada. RP Gorman, KB (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM kgorman@alumni.sfu.ca OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 BP 64 EP 73 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00086.x PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 141CF UT WOS:000244553500007 ER PT J AU Schamber, JL Sedinger, JS Ward, DH Hagmeier, KR AF Schamber, Jason L. Sedinger, James S. Ward, David H. Hagmeier, Kate R. TI Latitudinal variation in population structure of wintering Pacific Black Brant SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Branta bernicla nigricans; latitudinal variation; Pacific Black Brant; population structure; winter ID GEESE ANSER-ALBIFRONS; LESSER SNOW GEESE; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; CANADA GEESE; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; SURVIVAL; DOMINANCE; BERNICLA; CANVASBACKS; MIGRATION AB Latitudinal variation in population structure during the winter has been reported in many migratory birds, but has been documented in few species of waterfowl. Variation in environmental and social conditions at wintering sites can potentially influence the population dynamics of differential migrants. We examined latitudinal variation in sex and age classes of wintering Pacific Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans). Brant are distributed along a wide latitudinal gradient from Alaska to Mexico during the winter. Accordingly, migration distances for brant using different wintering locations are highly variable and winter settlement patterns are likely associated with a spatially variable food resource. We used resightings of brant banded in southwestern Alaska to examine sex and age ratios of birds wintering at Boundary Bay in British Columbia, and at San Quintin Bay, Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, and San Ignacio Lagoon in Baja California from 1998 to 2000. Sex ratios were similar among wintering locations for adults and were consistent with the mating strategy of geese. The distribution of juveniles varied among wintering areas, with greater proportions of juveniles observed at northern (San Quintin Bay and Ojo de Liebre Lagoon) than at southern (San Ignacio Lagoon) locations in Baja California. We suggest that age-related variation in the winter distribution of Pacific Black Brant is mediated by variation in productivity among individuals at different wintering locations and by social interactions among wintering family groups. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Schamber, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jschamber@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 EI 1557-9263 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 BP 74 EP 82 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00087.x PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 141CF UT WOS:000244553500008 ER PT J AU Probst, JR Donner, DM Bozek, MA AF Probst, John R. Donner, Deahn M. Bozek, Michael A. TI Continuous, age-related plumage variation in male Kirtland's Warblers SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dendroica kirtlandii; Kirtland's Warbler; molt; plumage-age classification; plumage variation ID POPULATION; MATURATION; BUNTINGS AB The ability to age individual birds visually in the field based on plumage variation could provide important demographic and biogeographical information. We describe an approach to infer ages from a distribution of plumage scores of free-ranging male Kirtland's Warblers (Dendroica kirtlandii). We assigned ages to males using a scoring scheme (0-12 points) based on variation in plumage coloration, brightness, and contrast on three dorsal and three ventral body regions presumed to be age-related. The distribution of total additive plumage scores for 875 breeding males was normally distributed, indicating no distinct age classes. Thus, we developed provisional plumage-age classes of second year (SY) and after second-year (ASY), and compared them to the total plumage scores of a smaller subsample of known age (N = 92) and minimum age (N = 143) males. Plumage scores of known-age male Kirtland's Warblers increased nonlinearly with age (r(s) = 0.67), but with some overlap. The median plumage score for SY males (median = 5.0) was significantly lower than for third-year (TY) males (median = 7.0) and after third-year (3 year and older) males (median = 8.0), indicating that the plumage of male Kirtland's Warblers becomes more distinctive and brighter with age. Linear discriminant function analysis differentiated ASY male Kirtland's Warbler from SY males with 78.3% accuracy. Investigators could use the distribution of plumage scores and approximate age structures to document changes in male age structure during colonization, use, and abandonment of habitats by Kirtland's Warblers or other species that occupy early successional habitats. Aging free-ranging birds based on a plumage scoring scheme may be especially critical for demographic studies of less-studied species where it is unlikely that a banding program will be initiated, but where plumage-age inferences or management decisions must be made. C1 N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, USGS, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Stevens Point, WI 54581 USA. RP Probst, JR (reprint author), N Cent Res Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM jprobst@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 BP 100 EP 108 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00091.x PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 141CF UT WOS:000244553500012 ER PT J AU Schofield, PJ Loftus, WF Brown, ME AF Schofield, P. J. Loftus, W. F. Brown, M. E. TI Hypoxia tolerance of two centrarchid sunfishes and an introduced cichlid from karstic Everglades wetlands of southern Florida, USA SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dissolved oxygen; ecophysiology; Hemichromis letourneuxi; Lepomis gulosus; Lepomis marginatus; wetland ID AQUATIC SURFACE RESPIRATION; FRESH-WATER FISHES; OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS; LAKE-VICTORIA; PREDATION; REFUGIA; SWAMP AB In this study, the hypoxia tolerance of three Everglades fishes, two native centrarchids (Lepomis gulosus and Lepomis marginatus) and a recently introduced cichlid (Hemichromis letourneuxi), were documented. Aquatic surface respiration (ASR) thresholds were lowest for H. letourneuxi, followed by L. gulosus, then L. marginatus. The ASR thresholds for L. marginatus were within ranges reported for small, freshwater tropical fishes, while those for L. gulosus were similar to swamp-adapted fishes. For H. letourneuxi, ASR thresholds were some of the lowest reported. All three species showed excellent tolerance of low dissolved oxygen levels when allowed access to the surface. When denied surface access, L. marginatus lost equilibrium at a higher oxygen tension than the other species. Overall, although all species easily tolerated hypoxia, H. letourneuxi appeared to be best equipped to deal with hypoxia, followed by L. gulosus, then L. marginatus. Hemichromis letourneuxi also exhibited more aggressive behaviours than the centrarchids. These results suggest that hypoxia is not likely to prevent H. letourneuxi from exploiting the seasonally inundated wetlands of south Florida while expanding its range there. Journal compilation (c) 2007 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 [Schofield, P. J.; Brown, M. E.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Loftus, W. F.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. RP Schofield, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM pschofield@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 71 SU D BP 87 EP 99 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01686.x PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 250WW UT WOS:000252333000005 ER PT J AU Wilcox, DA Xie, YC AF Wilcox, Douglas A. Xie, Yichun TI Predicting wetland plant community responses to proposed water-level-regulation plans for Lake Ontario: GIS-based modeling SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GIS modeling; generalized wetland geometric models; lake-level regulation plans; mathematical modeling; plant community profile ID GREAT-LAKES; COASTAL WETLANDS; VEGETATION; SCENARIOS; MICHIGAN AB Integrated, GIS-based, wetland predictive models were constructed to assist in predicting 14 the responses of wetland plant communities to proposed new water-level regulation plans for Lake Ontario. The modeling exercise consisted of jour major components: 1) building individual site wetland geometric models; 2) constructing generalized wetland geometric models representing specific types of wetlands (rectangle model for drowned river mouth wetlands, half ring model for open embayment wetlands, half ellipse model for protected embayment wetlands, and ellipse model for barrier beach wetlands); 3) assigning wetland plant profiles to the generalized wetland geometric models that identify associations between past flooding / dewatering events and the regulated water-level changes of a proposed water-level-regulation plan; and 4) predicting relevant proportions of wetland plant communities and the time durations during which they would be affected under proposed regulation plans. Based on this conceptual foundation, the predictive models were constructed using bathymetric and topographic wetland models and technical procedures operating on the platfrom of ArcGIS. An example of the model processes and outputs for the drowned river mouth wetland model using a test regulation plan illustrates the four components and, when. compared against other test regulation plans, provided results that met ecological expectations. The model results were also compared to independent data collected by photointerpretation. Although data collections were not directly comparable, the predicted extent of meadow marsh in, years in which photographs were taken was significantly correlated with extent of mapped meadow marsh in all bat barrier beach wetlands. The predictive model for wetland plant communities provided valuable input into International Joint Commission deliberations on new regulation plans and was also incorporated into faunal predictive models used for that purpose. C1 [Wilcox, Douglas A.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Great Lakes Studies, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Xie, Yichun] Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. RP Wilcox, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Great Lakes Studies, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dwilcox@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 751 EP 773 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[751:PWPCRT]2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 252UZ UT WOS:000252473500004 ER PT J AU Levengood, JM Wiedenmann, L Custer, TW Schaeffer, DJ Matson, CW Melancon, MJ Hoffman, DJ Scott, JW Talbott, JL Bordson, G Bickham, JW Rattner, BA Golden, NH AF Levengood, Jeffrey M. Wiedenmann, Luann Custer, Thomas W. Schaeffer, David J. Matson, Cole W. Melancon, Mark J. Hoffman, David J. Scott, John W. Talbott, Jonathan L. Bordson, Gary Bickham, John W. Rattner, Barnett A. Golden, Nancy H. TI Contaminant exposure and biomarker response in embryos of bLack-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) nesting near Lake Calumet, Illinois SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Calumet; night-heron; contaminants; biomarkers; embryos ID NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; HALOGENATED AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; GLUTATHIONE METABOLISM; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HEPATOCYTE CULTURES; MALLARD DUCKS AB We examined a suite of environmental contaminants and exposure endpoints in black-crowned night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax, BCNH) embryos collected in 2002 from colonies in Illinois, Minnesota, and Virginia. Embryos from the Lake Calumet, IL, colony had greater exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 4,4'dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dieldrin, transnonachlor, oxychlordane, cobalt, copper, and selenium than did those from northwest MN and coastal VA. Embryos from IL and VA contained greater concentrations of mercury and zinc than those from MN, whereas the latter had greater accumulation of lead. Greater exposure of IL embryos to PCBs was reflected in greater ethoxyresoritfin-O-deethylase and benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase induction. However, measures of oxidative stress and genotoxicity were similar to those in embryos from the other colonies examined, and no overt toxic effects of contaminant exposure such as embryo mortality or malformations were observed. Although efforts to clean up the south Chicago environment are ongoing, Lake Calumet BCNH, and undoubtedly other piscivorous wildlife foraging in the region, continue to be exposed to a variety of environmental contaminants. Life-history characteristics of this species make it ideal as an environmental sentinel for the success of the cleanup of the south Chicago environment. C1 [Levengood, Jeffrey M.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Div Ecol & Conservat Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Wiedenmann, Luann; Custer, Thomas W.; Scott, John W.; Talbott, Jonathan L.; Bordson, Gary] Illinois Waste Management & Res Ctr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Custer, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Levengood, Jeffrey M.; Schaeffer, David J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. [Matson, Cole W.] Duke Univ, Integrated Toxicol & Environm Hlth Program, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Melancon, Mark J.; Hoffman, David J.; Rattner, Barnett A.; Golden, Nancy H.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Bickham, John W.] Purdue Univ, Ctr Environm, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bickham, John W.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Levengood, JM (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Div Ecol & Conservat Sci, 1816 S Oak St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM jleven@inhs.uiuc.edu RI Matson, Cole/F-7992-2010; OI Matson, Cole/0000-0002-6472-9357; Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 75 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 791 EP 805 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[791:CEABRI]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 252UZ UT WOS:000252473500006 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH AF Johnson, James H. TI Comparative diets of subyearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O-mykiss) in the Salmon River, New York SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; steelhead; diets; competition; naturalized; Salmon River (NY) ID YEARLING COHO SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; FEEDING PERIODICITY; LAKE-ONTARIO; GAIRDNERI; SELECTION; TRIBUTARY; KISUTCH; FOOD; POPULATION AB Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) have established naturalized populations throughout the Great Lakes. Young-of-year of these species occur sympatrically for about one month in Lake Ontario tributaries. This study examined the diets of subyearling Chinook salmon and steelhead relative to available food in the Salmon River, New York. Terrestrial invertebrates and trichopterans were the major prey of Chinook salmon, whereas steelhead fed primarily on baetid nymphs and chironomid larvae. Diet overlap was low (0.45) between the species. The diet of Chinook was closely associated to the composition of the drift (0.88). Steelhead diet drew equally from the drift and benthos during the first year of the study, but more closely matched the benthos during the second year. Differences in prey selection, perhaps associated with differences in fish size, in addition to apparent differences in feeding mode (drift versus benthic), likely reduce competitive interactions between these species. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lake Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lake Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 906 EP 911 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[906:CDOSCS]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 252UZ UT WOS:000252473500014 ER PT J AU Schaner, T Patterson, WP Lantry, BF O'Gorman, R AF Schaner, Ted Patterson, William P. Lantry, Brian F. O'Gorman, Robert TI Distinguishing wild vs. stocked lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Ontario: Evidence from carbon and oxygen stable isotope values of otoliths SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hatchery origin; lake trout; stable isotopes; wild origin ID FISH OTOLITHS AB We investigated the potential for using carbon and oxygen isotope values of otolith carbonate as a method to distinguish naturally produced (wild) lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from hatchery-reared lake trout in Lake Ontario. We determined delta C-13((CaCO3)) and delta O-18((CaCO3)) values of otoliths from juvenile fish taken from two hatcheries, and of otoliths from wild yearlings. Clear differences in isotope values were observed between the three groups. Subsequently we examined otoliths from large marked and unmarked fish captured in the lake, determining isotope values for regions of the otolith corresponding to the first year of life. Marked (i.e., stocked) fish showed isotope ratios similar to one of the hatchery groups, whereas unmarked fish, (wild fish or stocked fish that lost the mark) showed isotope ratios similar either to one of the hatchery groups or to the wild group. We interpret these data to suggest that carbon and oxygen isotope values can be used to determine the origin of lake trout in Lake Ontario, if a catalogue of characteristic isotope values from all candidate years and hatcheries is compiled. C1 [Schaner, Ted] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Ontario Management Unit, Picton, ON K0K 2T0, Canada. [Patterson, William P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatchewan Isotope Lab, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Lantry, Brian F.; O'Gorman, Robert] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. RP Schaner, T (reprint author), Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Ontario Management Unit, RR 4, Picton, ON K0K 2T0, Canada. EM ted.schaner@mnr.gov.on.ca RI Patterson, William/J-6473-2012; OI Patterson, William/0000-0003-3387-708X NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 912 EP 916 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[912:DWVSLT]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 252UZ UT WOS:000252473500015 ER PT J AU Riley, SC He, JX Johnson, JE O'Brien, TP Schaeffer, JS AF Riley, Stephen C. He, Ji X. Johnson, James E. O'Brien, Timothy P. Schaeffer, Jeffrey S. TI Evidence of widespread natural reproduction by lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in the Michigan waters of Lake Huron SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lake trout; spawning; natural reproduction; Lake Huron; Great Lakes; fish management ID GREAT-LAKES; RESTORATION; REHABILITATION; STRATEGIES; PREDATION; SUPERIOR; ONTARIO; FRY AB Localized natural reproduction of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Huron has occurred since the 1980s near Thunder Bay, Michigan. During 2004-2006, USGS spring and fall bottom trawl surveys captured 63 wild juvenile lake trout at depths ranging from 37-73 m at four of five ports in the Michigan waters of the main basin of Lake Huron, more than five times the total number captured in the previous 30-year history of the surveys. Relatively high catches of wild juvenile lake trout in bottom trawls during 2004-2006 suggest that natural reproduction by lake trout has increased and occurred throughout the Michigan waters of the main basin. Increased catches of wild juvenile lake trout in the USGS fall bottom trawl survey were coincident with a drastic decline in alewife abundance, but data were insufficient to determine what mechanism may be responsible for increased natural reproduction by lake trout. We recommend further monitoring of juvenile lake trout abundance and research into early life history of lake trout in Lake Huron. C1 [Riley, Stephen C.; O'Brien, Timothy P.; Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [He, Ji X.; Johnson, James E.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Alpena Fisheries Stn, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. RP Riley, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM sriley@usgs.gov RI Mensinger, Allen/B-7349-2013 NR 23 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 917 EP 921 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[917:EOWNRB]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 252UZ UT WOS:000252473500016 ER PT J AU Mazerolle, MJ Bailey, LL Kendall, WL Royle, JA Converse, SJ Nichols, JD AF Mazerolle, Marc J. Bailey, Larissa L. Kendall, William L. Royle, J. Andrew Converse, Sarah J. Nichols, James D. TI Making great leaps forward: Accounting for detectability in herpetological field studies SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; POND-BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; DETECTION PROBABILITY PARAMETERS; ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; ASSOCIATE RANA-ESCULENTA; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; ROBUST DESIGN; ESTIMATING SURVIVAL; MARKED ANIMALS AB Detecting individuals of amphibian and reptile species can be a daunting task. Detection can be hindered by various factors such as cryptic behavior, color patterns, or observer experience. These factors complicate the estimation of state variables of interest (e.g., abundance, occupancy, species richness) as well as the vital rates that induce changes in these state variables (e.g., survival probabilities for abundance; extinction probabilities for occupancy). Although ad hoc methods (e.g., counts uncorrected for detection, return rates) typically perform poorly in the face of no detection, they continue to be used extensively in various fields, including herpetology. However, formal approaches that estimate and account for the probability of detection, such as capture-mark-recapture (CMR) methods and distance sampling, are available. In this paper, we present classical approaches and recent advances in methods accounting for detectability that are particularly pertinent for herpetological data sets. Through examples, we illustrate the use of several methods, discuss their performance compared to that of ad hoc methods, and we suggest available software to perform these analyses. The methods we discuss control for imperfect detection and reduce bias in estimates of demographic parameters such as population size, survival, or, at other levels of biological organization, species occurrence. Among these methods, recently developed approaches that no longer require marked or resighted individuals should be particularly of interest to field herpetologists. We hope that our effort will encourage practitioners to implement some of the estimation methods presented herein instead of relying on ad hoc methods that make more limiting assumptions. C1 [Mazerolle, Marc J.; Bailey, Larissa L.; Kendall, William L.; Royle, J. Andrew; Nichols, James D.] USGC Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Converse, Sarah J.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Mazerolle, MJ (reprint author), Univ Quebec Abitibi Temiscamingue, Dept Appl Sci, 445 Blvd Univ, Rouyn Noranda, PQ J9X 5E4, Canada. EM marc.mazerolle@uqat.ca RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009; OI Mazerolle, Marc/0000-0002-0486-0310; Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441; Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 136 TC 151 Z9 161 U1 11 U2 86 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 672 EP 689 DI 10.1670/07-061.1 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 242BY UT WOS:000251700700016 ER PT J AU Nystrom, EA Rehmann, CR Oberg, KA AF Nystrom, Elizabeth A. Rehmann, Chris R. Oberg, Kevin A. TI Evaluation of Mean Velocity and Turbulence Measurements with ADCPs SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER; BROAD-BAND ADCP; TIDAL CHANNEL; FLOW AB To test the ability of acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) to measure turbulence, profiles measured with two pulse-to-pulse coherent ADCPs in a laboratory flume were compared to profiles measured with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter, and time series measured in the acoustic beam of the ADCPs were examined. A four-beam ADCP was used at a downstream station, while a three-beam ADCP was used at a downstream station and an upstream station. At the downstream station, where the turbulence intensity was low, both ADCPs reproduced the mean velocity profile well away from the flume boundaries; errors near the boundaries were due to transducer ringing, flow disturbance, and sidelobe interference. At the upstream station, where the turbulence intensity was higher, errors in the mean velocity were large. The four-beam ADCP measured the Reynolds stress profile accurately away from the bottom boundary, and these measurements can be used to estimate shear velocity. Estimates of Reynolds stress with a three-beam ADCP and turbulent kinetic energy with both ADCPs cannot be computed without further assumptions, and they are affected by flow inhomogeneity. Neither ADCP measured integral time scales to within 60%. C1 New York Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Off Surface Water, US Geol Survey, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Nystrom, EA (reprint author), New York Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM nystrom@usgs.gov; rehmann@iastate.edu; kaoberg@usqs.gov OI Rehmann, Chris/0000-0002-4740-557X NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 EI 1943-7900 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2007 VL 133 IS 12 BP 1310 EP 1318 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:12(1310) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 232RY UT WOS:000251038300003 ER PT J AU Muste, M Vermeyen, T Hotchkiss, R Oberg, K AF Muste, Marian Vermeyen, Tracy Hotchkiss, Rollin Oberg, Kevin TI Acoustic velocimetry for riverine environments SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. US Geol Survey, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Muste, M (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245 USA. EM marian-muste@uiowa.edu; tvermeyen@do.usbr.gov; rhh@byu.edu; kaoberg@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2007 VL 133 IS 12 BP 1297 EP 1298 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:12(1297) PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 232RY UT WOS:000251038300001 ER PT J AU Gaeuman, D Jacobson, RB AF Gaeuman, D. Jacobson, R. B. TI Field assessment of alternative bed-load transport estimators SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; FRASER-RIVER; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SUBAQUEOUS DUNES; BEDLOAD; CHANNEL; GRAVEL; FORMS; FLOW AB Measurement of near-bed sediment velocities with acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) is an emerging approach for quantifying bed-load sediment fluxes in rivers. Previous investigations of the technique have relied on conventional physical bed-load sampling to provide reference transport information with which to validate the ADCP measurements. However, physical samples are subject to substantial errors, especially under field conditions in which surrogate methods are most needed. Comparisons between ADCP bed velocity measurements with bed-load transport rates estimated from bed-form migration rates in the lower Missouri River show a strong correlation between the two surrogate measures over a wide range of mild to moderately intense sediment transporting conditions. The correlation between the ADCP measurements and physical bed-load samples is comparatively poor, suggesting that physical bed-load sampling is ineffective for ground-truthing alternative techniques in large sand-bed rivers. Bed velocities measured in this study became more variable with increasing bed-form wavelength at higher shear stresses. Under these conditions, bed-form dimensions greatly exceed the region of the bed ensonified by the ADCP, and the magnitude of the acoustic measurements depends on instrument location with respect to bed-form crests and troughs. Alternative algorithms for estimating bed-load transport from paired longitudinal profiles of bed topography were evaluated. An algorithm based on the routing of local erosion and deposition volumes that eliminates the need to identify individual bed forms was found to give results similar to those of more conventional dune-tracking methods. This method is particularly useful in cases where complex bed-form morphology makes delineation of individual bed forms difficult. C1 Trinity River Restorat Program, Weaverville, CA 96093 USA. Columbia Environm Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Gaeuman, D (reprint author), Trinity River Restorat Program, POB 1300, Weaverville, CA 96093 USA. EM dgaeuman@usbr.gov; rjacobson@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2007 VL 133 IS 12 BP 1319 EP 1328 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:12(1319) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 232RY UT WOS:000251038300004 ER PT J AU Mueller, DS Wagner, CR AF Mueller, David S. Wagner, Chad R. TI Correcting acoustic Doppler current profiler discharge measurements biased by sediment transport SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB A negative bias in discharge measurements made with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) is attributed to the movement of sediment on or near the streambed, and is an issue widely acknowledged by the scientific community. The integration of a differentially corrected global positioning system (DGPS) to track the movement of the ADCP can be used to avoid the systematic bias associated with a moving bed. DGPS, however, cannot provide consistently accurate positions because of multipath errors and satellite signal reception problems on waterways with dense tree canopy along the banks, in deep valleys or canyons, and near bridges. An alternative method of correcting for the moving-bed bias, based on the closure error resulting from a two-way crossing of the river, is presented. The uncertainty in the mean moving-bed velocity measured by the loop method is shown to be approximately 0.6 cm/s. For the 13 field measurements presented, the loop method resulted in corrected discharges that were within 5% of discharges measured utilizing DGPS to compensate for moving-bed conditions. C1 US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. US Geol Survey, N Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Mueller, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, 9818 Bluegrass Pkwy, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. EM dmueller@usgs.gov; cwagner@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2007 VL 133 IS 12 BP 1329 EP 1336 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:12(1329) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 232RY UT WOS:000251038300005 ER PT J AU Garcia, CM Oberg, K Garcia, MH AF Garcia, Carlos M. Oberg, Kevin Garcia, Marcelo H. TI ADCP measurements of gravity currents in the Chicago River, Illinois SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID TURBIDITY CURRENTS AB A unique set of observations of stratified flow phenomena in the Chicago River was made using an upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) during the period November 20, 2003 to February 1, 2004. Water density differences between the Chicago River and its North Branch (NB) seem to be responsible for the development of gravity currents. With the objective of characterizina the occurrence. frequency, and evolution of such currents. the ADCP was configured to continuously collect high-resolution water velocity and echo intensity profiles in the Chicago River at Columbus Drive. During the observation period, 28 gravity current events were identified, lasting a total of 77% of the time. Sixteen of these events were generated by underflows from the NB and 12 of these events were generated by overflows from the NB. On average, the duration of the underflow and overflow events was 52.3 and 42.1 h, respectively. A detailed analysis of one underflow event, which started on January 7, 2004, and lasted about 65 h, was performed. This is the first time that ADCP technology has been used to continuously monitor gravity currents in a river. C1 Univ Nacl Cordoba, Inst Super Recursos Hidricos, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. Off Surface Water, US Geol Survey, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ven Te Chow Hydrosyst Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Garcia, CM (reprint author), Univ Nacl Cordoba, Inst Super Recursos Hidricos, Av Filloy S-N,Ciudad Univ, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. EM cgarcia2mjc@gmail.com; kaoberg@usgs.gov; mhgarcia@uiuc.edu NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2007 VL 133 IS 12 BP 1356 EP 1366 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:12(1356) PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 232RY UT WOS:000251038300008 ER PT J AU Mueller, DS Abad, JD Garcia, CM Gartner, JW Garcia, MH Oberg, KA AF Mueller, David S. Abad, Jorge D. Garcia, Carlos M. Gartner, Jeffery W. Garcia, Marcelo H. Oberg, Kevin A. TI Errors in acoustic Doppler profiler velocity measurements caused by flow disturbance SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FREE-SURFACE; BRIDGE PIERS; CYLINDER; CHANNEL; FIELD; MODEL AB Acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) are commonly used to measure streamflow and water velocities in rivets and streams. This paper presents laboratory, field, and numerical model evidence of errors in ADCP measurements caused by flow disturbance. A state-of-the-art three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic model is validated with and used to complement field and laboratory observations of flow disturbance and its effect on measured velocities. Results show that near the instrument, flow velocities measured by the ADCP are neither the undisturbed stream velocity nor the velocity of the flow field around the ADCP. The velocities measured by the ADCP are biased low due to the downward flow near the upstream face of the ADCP and upward recovering flow in the path of downstream transducer, which violate the flow homogeneity assumption used to transform beam velocities into Cartesian velocity components. The magnitude of the bias is dependent on the deployment configuration, the diameter of the instrument, and the approach velocity, and was observed to range from more than 25% at 5 cm from the transducers to less than 1% at about 50 cm from the transducers for the scenarios simulated. C1 US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. Univ Illinois, Ven Te Chow Hydrosyst Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Nacl Cordoba, Inst Super Recursos Hidricos, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Mueller, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, 9818 Bluegrass Pkwy, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. EM dmueller@usgs.gov; abad@uiuc.edu; egarcia2mjc@gmail.com; jgartner@usgs.gov; mhgarcia@uiuc.edu; kaoberg@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2007 VL 133 IS 12 BP 1411 EP 1420 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:12(1411) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 232RY UT WOS:000251038300012 ER PT J AU Oberg, K Mueller, DS AF Oberg, Kevin Mueller, David S. TI Validation of streamflow measurements made with acoustic Doppler current profilers SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY AB The U.S. Geological Survey and other international agencies have collaborated to conduct laboratory and field validations of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements of strearnflow. Laboratory validations made in a large towing basin show that the mean differences between tow cart velocity and ADCP bottom-track and water-track velocities were -0.51 and -1.10%, respectively. Field validations of commercially available ADCPs were conducted by comparing strearnflow measurements made with ADCPs to reference strearnflow measurements obtained from concurrent mechanical current-meter measurements, stable rating curves, salt-dilution measurements, or acoustic velocity meters. Data from 1,032 transects, comprising 100 discharge measurements, were analyzed from 22 sites in the United States, Canada, Sweden, and The Netherlands. Results of these analyses show that broadband ADCP strearnflow measurements are unbiased when compared to the reference discharges regardless of the water mode used for making the measurement. Measurement duration is more important than the number of transects for reducing the uncertainty of the ADCP strearnflow measurement. C1 Off Surface Water, US Geol Survey, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Off Surface Water, US Geol Survey, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. RP Oberg, K (reprint author), Off Surface Water, US Geol Survey, 1201 W Univ Ave,Suite 100, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM kaoberg@usgs.gov; dmueller@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 15 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2007 VL 133 IS 12 BP 1421 EP 1432 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:12(1421) PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 232RY UT WOS:000251038300013 ER PT J AU Rehmel, M AF Rehmel, Michael TI Application of acoustic Doppler velocimeters for streamflow measurements SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) principally has used Price AA and Price pygmy mechanical current meters for measurement of discharge. New technologies have resulted in the introduction of alternatives to the Price meters. One alternative, the FlowTracker acoustic Doppler velocimeter, was designed by SonTek/YSI to make strearnflow measurements in wadeable conditions. The device measures a point velocity and can be used with standard midsection method algorithms to compute streamflow. The USGS collected 55 quality -assurance measurements with the FlowTracker at 43 different USGS streamflow-gaging stations across the United States, with mean depths from 0.05 to 0.67 m, mean velocities from 13 to 60 cm/s, and discharges from 0.02 to 12.4 m(3)/s. These measurements were compared with Price mechanical current meter measurements. Analysis of the comparisons shows that the FlowTracker discharges were not statistically different from the Price meter discharges at a 95% confidence level. C1 US Geol Survey, Indiana Water Sci Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. RP Rehmel, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Indiana Water Sci Ctr, 5957 Lakeside Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. EM msrehmel@usgs.gov OI Rehmel, Michael/0000-0003-1891-1382 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2007 VL 133 IS 12 BP 1433 EP 1438 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:12(1433) PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 232RY UT WOS:000251038300014 ER PT J AU Fulford, JM Pilon, PJ Kopaliani, Z McCurry, PJ Caponi, C AF Fulford, Janice M. Pilon, Paul J. Kopaliani, Zurab McCurry, Patrick J. Caponi, Claudio TI Call for collaboration in WMO project for the assessment of the performance of flow measurement instruments and techniques SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Hydrol Instrumentat Facil, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Int Joint Commiss, Ottawa, ON K1P 6K6, Canada. State Hydrol Inst, St Petersburg 199053, Russia. Environm Canada, Water Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. World Meteorol Org, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland. RP Fulford, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hydrol Instrumentat Facil, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jfulford@usgs.gov; pilonp@ottawa.ijc.org; ggi@hotmail.ru; pat.mccurry@ec.gc.ca; CCaponi@wmo.int NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2007 VL 133 IS 12 BP 1439 EP 1440 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:12(1439) PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 232RY UT WOS:000251038300015 ER PT J AU Wingfield, DK Storlazzi, CD AF Wingfield, Dana K. Storlazzi, Curt D. TI Spatial and temporal variability in oceanographic and meteorologic forcing along Central California and its implications on nearshore processes SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE waves; storms; sea-surface temperatures; winds; El Ni(n)over-tildeo; LaNi(n)over-tildea ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; EL-NINO; MONTEREY-BAY; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; MARINE-SANCTUARY; OSCILLATION; EVOLUTION; IMPACTS; FRONTS AB In the past two decades, the understanding of the important large-scale phenomena (El Ni (n) over tildeo, upwelling, California current, etc) that drive physical, chemical, and biological processes along the US West Coast has greatly improved. However, the ability to predict the influence of annual and inter-annual events on a regional scale still remains limited. High-resolution hourly data from 6 National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) buoys deployed since the early 1980's off Central California were analyzed to improve our understanding of spatial and temporal variability of oceanographic and meteorologic forcing along the coastline. Seasonal to inter-annual trends in wave height, wave period, sea level barometric pressure, sea-surface temperature, and wind direction were identified, as were significant departures in these trends during El Ni (n) over tildeo and La Ni (n) over tildea periods. The results suggest there are increasing wave heights and wave periods, decreasing sea level barometric pressures and variability in sea-surface temperatures, and increasingly variable winds off Central California between 1980 and 2002. The impact of these climatic trends on coastal physical, geological and biologic processes will also be addressed. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wingfield, Dana K.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Wingfield, Dana K.; Storlazzi, Curt D.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Wingfield, DK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM dwingfield@es.ucsc.edu; cstorlazzi@usgs.gov OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490 NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 68 IS 3-4 BP 457 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.02.008 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 244AD UT WOS:000251837500010 ER PT J AU Cronin, TW Kinloch, MR Olsen, GH AF Cronin, Thomas W. Kinloch, Matthew R. Olsen, Glenn H. TI Head-bobbing behavior in walking whooping cranes (Grus americana) and sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE head-bobbing; whooping crane; sandhill crane; avian vision; visual fixation; visual search ID PIGEONS; MOVEMENTS; ORIENTATION AB Head-bobbing is a common and characteristic behavior of walking birds. While the activity could have a relatively minor biomechanical function, for balance and stabilization of gait, head-bobbing is thought to be primarily a visual behavior in which fixation of gaze alternates with a forward movement that generates visual flow. We studied head-bobbing in locomoting whooping cranes (Grus americana) and sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis), using food strewn on the ground to motivate them to walk or run. When the cranes walked, head-bobbing proceeded in a four-step sequence that was closely linked to the stepping cycle. The time available for gaze stabilization decreased with travel speed, and running cranes did not head-bob at all. As a crane extended its bill towards the ground for food, it also exhibited a series of short head-bobs that were not associated with forward travel. Head-bobbing is a flexible behavior that varies with gait and with visual search, most notably as the cranes prepare to strike with the bill. C1 [Cronin, Thomas W.; Kinloch, Matthew R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Biol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Olsen, Glenn H.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Cronin, TW (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Biol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM cronin@umbc.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 148 SU 2 BP S563 EP S569 DI 10.1007/s10336-007-0199-0 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 291LN UT WOS:000255199000050 ER PT J AU Nichols, JD Runge, MC Johnson, FA Williams, BK AF Nichols, James D. Runge, Michael C. Johnson, Fred A. Williams, Byron K. TI Adaptive harvest management of North American waterfowl populations: a brief history and future prospects SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; conservation; decision theory; harvest management; North America ID MALLARD HARVESTS; OPTIMIZATION; UNCERTAINTY AB Since 1995, the US Fish and Wildlife Service has used an adaptive approach to the management of sport harvest of mid-continent Mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) in North America. This approach differs from many current approaches to conservation and management in requiring close collaboration between managers and scientists. Key elements of this process are objectives, alternative management actions, models permitting prediction of system responses, and a monitoring program. The iterative process produces optimal management decisions and leads to reduction in uncertainty about response of populations to management. This general approach to management has a number of desirable features and is recommended for use in many other programs of management and conservation. C1 [Nichols, James D.; Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Johnson, Fred A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Williams, Byron K.] US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Unit, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jnichols@usgs.gov RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011 OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X NR 26 TC 60 Z9 68 U1 5 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 148 SU 2 BP S343 EP S349 DI 10.1007/s10336-007-0256-8 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 291LN UT WOS:000255199000026 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Sundar, N Nolden, CA Samuel, MD Velmurugan, GV Bandini, LA Kwok, OCH Bodenstein, B Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Sundar, N. Nolden, C. A. Samuel, M. D. Velmurugan, G. V. Bandini, L. A. Kwok, O. C. H. Bodenstein, B. Su, C. TI Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from raccoons (Procyon lotor), coyotes (Canis latrans), and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in Wisconsin identified several atypical genotypes SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; SEA OTTERS; WILD MAMMALS; SWINE FARMS; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; SEROPREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION AB During 2005-2006, sera and tissues from raccoons (Procyon lotor), coyotes (Canis latrans), and skunks (Mephitis mephitis) from the state of Wisconsin were tested for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 32 of 54 (59.2%) raccoons, 18 of 35 (51.4%) coyotes, and 5 of 7 (71.4%) skunks using the modified agglutination test and a cut-off titer of 1:20. Pooled tissues (brains, hearts, and tongues) from 30 raccoons, 15 coyotes, and 1 skunk were bioassayed for T. gondii infection in mice or cats. Viable T. gondii was isolated from 5 of 30 (16.7%) raccoons, 6 of 15 (40.0%) coyotes, and the skunk. Genetic characterization of the 12 parasite isolates by multilocus PCR-RFLP markers revealed 6 different genotypes including 5 atypical and 1 archetypal II lineages. The results indicate the prevalence of T gondii in wildlife mammals is high and that these animals may serve as an important reservoir for transmission of T gondii. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Sundar, N.; Nolden, C. A.; Samuel, M. D.; Velmurugan, G. V.; Bandini, L. A.; Kwok, O. C. H.; Bodenstein, B.; Su, C.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Nolden, C. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Samuel, M. D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bodenstein, B.] USDA, Anim Hlth Plant Inspect Serv, Sun Prairie, WI 53590 USA. [Su, C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 93 IS 6 BP 1524 EP 1527 DI 10.1645/GE-1245.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 255CC UT WOS:000252633300040 PM 18314705 ER PT J AU Gretz, MR Riccio, ML Kiemle, SN Domozych, DS Spaulding, SA AF Gretz, M. R. Riccio, M. L. Kiemle, S. N. Domozych, D. S. Spaulding, S. A. TI Didymosphenia geminata as a nuisance diatom: Runaway stalk production results in mats with significant environmental impact SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gretz, M. R.; Riccio, M. L.; Kiemle, S. N.] Michigan Technol Univ, Biotechnol Res Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Domozych, D. S.] Skidmore Coll, Dept Biol, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. [Spaulding, S. A.] US Geol Survey, EPA Reg 7, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 SU 1 MA 51 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 266YN UT WOS:000253474200052 ER PT J AU Hambrook, BJ Frey, JW Sullivan, DJ Carpenter, KD Mabe, JA AF Hambrook, Berkman J. Frey, J. W. Sullivan, D. J. Carpenter, K. D. Mabe, J. A. TI Role of algae in assessing aquatic ecological conditions of wadeable streams for USGS NAWQA surface water status and trends SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hambrook, Berkman J.] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH USA. [Frey, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Sullivan, D. J.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. [Carpenter, K. D.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR USA. [Mabe, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 SU 1 MA 102 BP 31 EP 32 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 266YN UT WOS:000253474200103 ER PT J AU Darby, BJ Housman, DC Johnson, SL Neher, DA Kuske, CR Belnap, J AF Darby, B. J. Housman, D. C. Johnson, S. L. Neher, D. A. Kuske, C. R. Belnap, J. TI Influence of physical trampling disturbance on desert soil food webs associated with biological soil crusts SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Darby, B. J.; Neher, D. A.] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT USA. [Housman, D. C.; Belnap, J.] US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT USA. [Johnson, S. L.; Kuske, C. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Mol Biol Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 SU 1 MA 111 BP 34 EP 35 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 266YN UT WOS:000253474200112 ER PT J AU Littles, CJ Williford, D Skoruppa, MK Woodin, MC Hickman, GC AF Littles, Chanda Jones Williford, Damon Skoruppa, Mary Kay Woodin, Marc C. Hickman, Graham C. TI Diet of western Burrowing Owls wintering in southern Texas SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Burrowing owl; Athene cunicularia; diet; prey; Texas; winter ID ATHENE-CUNICULARIA; FOOD-HABITS; INVERTEBRATE DIVERSITY; SPEOTYTO-CUNICULARIA; IMPERIAL-VALLEY; TYTO-ALBA; ECOLOGY; POPULATION; OKLAHOMA; PREY AB Winter diets of the western Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) are little known. We determined the diet of western Burrowing Owls wintering in southern Texas by analyzing the contents of 182 pellets collected over four winters (1999-2000, 2001-2002, 2002-2003, and 2003-2004) in three habitat types (agricultural, mainland grassland, and barrier island). Remains of a total of 7476 prey items were recovered, 98% of which were arthropods. Gryllidae (crickets) formed the largest component (50%) of the prey, followed by lepidopteran larvae (13%), beetles (8%), spiders (7%), and earwigs (6%). Although vertebrates, primarily small mammals and birds, represented only 2% of prey items by number, they represented most (71%) of the biomass. Northern pygmy mice (Baiomys taylori) and fulvous harvest mice (Reithrodontomys fulvescens) were the two most frequently consumed vertebrate species. In all habitats, arthropods, especially orthopterans, were the primary prey item by number, whereas vertebrates, primarily small mammals, were the most important by biomass. Greater consumption of arthropods by Burrowing Owls in agricultural areas may be a factor contributing to owl use of these highly altered environments. C1 [Littles, Chanda Jones; Williford, Damon; Hickman, Graham C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Skoruppa, Mary Kay; Woodin, Marc C.] US Geol Survey, Texas Gulf Coast Field Res Stn, Unit 5838, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Littles, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Water Management Div, Reg 4,61 Forsyth St SW, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM dwillifo@coastalbend.edu NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 307 EP 313 DI 10.3356/0892-1016(2007)41[307:DOWBOW]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 251WE UT WOS:000252406000006 ER PT J AU Livezey, KB Fleming, TL AF Livezey, Kent B. Fleming, Tracy L. TI Effects of Barred Owls on Spotted Owls: The need for more than incidental detections and correlational analysis SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Barred Owl; strix varia; Northern Spotted Owl; Strix occidentalis caurina; incidental data; survey methods ID NORTHWEST FOREST PLAN; SITE CHARACTERISTICS; STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS; CASCADE MOUNTAINS; HABITAT; WASHINGTON; DIETS; HYBRIDIZATION; CONSERVATION; EMPHASIS C1 [Livezey, Kent B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Fleming, Tracy L.] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. RP Livezey, KB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, 510 Desmond Dr, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. EM kent_livezey@fws.gov NR 49 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 319 EP 325 DI 10.3356/0892-1016(2007)41[319:EOBOOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 251WE UT WOS:000252406000008 ER PT J AU Thomas, BE AF Thomas, Blakemore E. TI Climatic fluctuations and forecasting of streamflow in the lower Colorado River Basin SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE climate variability; change; water supply; surface water hydrology; statistics; water allocation; planning ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION; PACIFIC; PRECIPITATION; CIRCULATION; FREQUENCY; ARIZONA AB Water-resource managers need to forecast streamflow in the Lower Colorado River Basin to plan for water-resource projects and to operate reservoirs for water supply. Statistical forecasts of streamflow based on historical records of streamflow can be useful, but statistical assumptions, such as stationarity of flows, need to be evaluated. This study evaluated the relation between climatic fluctuations and stationarity and developed regression equations to forecast streamflow by using climatic fluctuations as explanatory variables. Climatic fluctuations were represented by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). Historical streamflow within the 25- to 30-year positive or negative phases of AMO or PDO was generally stationary. Monotonic trends in annual mean flows were tested at the 21 sites evaluated in this study; 76% of the sites had no significant trends within phases of AMO and 86% of the sites had no significant trends within phases of PDO. As climatic phases shifted in signs, however, many sites had nonstationary flows; 67% of the sites had significant changes in annual mean flow as AMO shifted in signs. The regression equations developed in this study to forecast streamflow incorporate these shifts in climate and streamflow, thus that source of nonstationarity is accounted for. The R 2 value of regression equations that forecast individual years of annual flow for the central part of the study area ranged from 0.28 to 0.49 and averaged 0.39. AMO was the most significant variable, and a combination of indices from both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans explained much more variation in flows than only the Pacific Ocean indices. The average R 2 value for equations with PDO and SOI was 0.15. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Thomas, BE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave,Suite 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM bthomas@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1550 EP 1569 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00127.x PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 236UI UT WOS:000251328500015 ER PT J AU Saito, L Redd, C Chandra, S Atwell, L Fritsen, CH Rosen, MR AF Saito, Laurel Redd, Christa Chandra, Sudeep Atwell, Lisa Fritsen, Christian H. Rosen, Michael R. TI Quantifying foodweb interactions with simultaneous linear equations: stable isotope models of the Truckee River, USA SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE aquatic food webs; foodweb model; simultaneous linear equations; carbon stable isotopes; nitrogen stable isotopes ID SPATIAL VARIATION; TROPHIC POSITION; ATLANTIC SALMON; WEB STRUCTURE; CARBON FLOW; STREAM; DELTA-N-15; DELTA-C-13; CRAYFISH; PATTERNS AB Aquatic foodweb models for 2 seasons (relatively high- [March] and low-flow [August] conditions) were constructed for 4 reaches on the Truckee River using delta C-13 and delta N-15 data from periphyton, macroinvertebrate, and fish samples collected in 2003 and 2004. The models were constructed with isotope values that included measured periphyton signatures and calculated mean isotope values for detritus and seston as basal food sources of each food web. The pseudo-optimization function in Excel's Solver module was used to minimize the sum of squared error between predicted and observed stable-isotope values while simultaneously solving for diet proportions for all foodweb consumers and estimating delta C-13 and delta N-15 trophic enrichment factors. This approach used an underdetermined set of simultaneous linear equations and was tested by running the pseudo-optimization procedure for 500 randomly selected sets of initial conditions. Estimated diet proportions had average standard deviations (SDs) of 0.03 to 0.04 parts per thousand, and SDs of trophic enrichment factors ranged from <0.005 to 0.05 parts per thousand based on the results of the 500 runs, indicating that the modeling approach was very robust. However, sensitivity analysis of calculated detritus and seston delta C-13 and delta N-15 values indicated that the robustness of the approach is dependent on having accurate measures of all observed foodweb-component delta C-13 and delta N-15 values. Model results from the 500 runs using the mean isotope values for detritus and seston indicated that upstream food webs were the simplest, with fewer feeding groups and trophic interactions (e.g., 21 interactions for 10 feeding groups), whereas food webs for the reach downstream of the Reno-Sparks metropolitan area were the most complex (e.g., 58 interactions for 16 feeding groups). Nonnative crayfish were important omnivores in each reach and drew energy from multiple sources, but appeared to be energetic dead ends because they generally were not consumed. Predatory macroinvertebrate diets varied along the river and affected estimated trophic positions of fish that consumed them. Differences in complexity and composition of the food webs appeared to be related to season, but could also have been caused by interactions with nonnative species, especially invasive crayfish. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. RP Saito, L (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM lsaito@cabnr.unr.edu; christaredd@yahoo.com; sudeep@cabnr.unr.edu; lisa@spiralmonkey.com; cfritsen@dri.edu; mrosen@usgs.gov RI Saito, Laurel/E-3096-2010; Rosen, Michael/D-6091-2015 OI Saito, Laurel/0000-0003-3617-3133; NR 83 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 18 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 642 EP 662 DI 10.1899/06-115.1 PG 21 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 227GP UT WOS:000250645500006 ER PT J AU Flinders, CA Magoulick, DD AF Flinders, C. A. Magoulick, D. D. TI Effects of depth and crayfish size on predation risk and foraging profitability of a lotic crayfish SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE field experiment; Orconectes marchandi; growth; resource availability ID STREAM-DWELLING CRAYFISH; HABITAT USE; ORCONECTES-RUSTICUS; FOOD-WEB; AUSTROPOTAMOBIUS-PALLIPES; PACIFASTACUS-LENIUSCULUS; SEXUAL DIMORPHISM; EXOTIC CRAYFISH; FISH PREDATION; LIFE-HISTORY AB We conducted field surveys and experiments to determine whether observed distributions of crayfish among habitats were influenced by differential resource availability, foraging profitability, and predation rates and whether these factors differed with crayfish size and habitat depth. We sampled available food resources (detritus and invertebrates) and shelter as rock substrate in deep (>50 cm) and shallow (<30 cm) habitats. We used an enclosure-exclosure experiment to examine the effects of water depth and crayfish size on crayfish biomass and survival, and to determine whether these factors affected silt accrual, algal abundance (chlorophyll a [chl a]), and detritus and invertebrate biomass (g ash-free dry mass) differently from enclosures without crayfish. We conducted tethering experiments to assess predation on small (13-17 mm carapace length [CLD and large (23-30 mm CL) Orconectes marchandi and to determine whether predation rates differed with water depth. Invertebrate biomass was significantly greater in shallow water than in deep water, whereas detritus biomass did not differ significantly between depths. Cobble was significantly more abundant in shallow than in deep water. Depth and crayfish size had a significant interactive effect on change in size of enclosed crayfish when CL was used as a measure of size but not when biomass was used as a measure of size. CL of small crayfish increased significantly more in enclosures in shallow than in deep water, but CL of large crayfish changed very little at either depth. Silt, chl a, and detritus biomass were significantly lower on tiles in large- than in small- and no-crayfish enclosures, and invertebrate biomass was significantly lower in large- than in no-crayfish enclosures. Significantly more crayfish were consumed in deep than in shallow water regardless of crayfish size. Our results suggest that predation and resource availability might influence the depth distribution of small and large crayfish. Small crayfish grew faster in shallow habitats where they might have had a fitness advantage caused by high prey availability and reduced predation risk. Size-dependent reduction of silt by crayfish might influence benthic habitats where large crayfish are abundant. C1 Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Flinders, CA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM cflinders@ncasi.org; danmag@uark.edu NR 62 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 29 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 767 EP 778 DI 10.1899/06-103.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 227GP UT WOS:000250645500015 ER PT J AU Lipp, EK Futch, IC Griffin, DW AF Lipp, Erin K. Futch, J. Carrie Griffin, Dale W. TI Analysis of multiple enteric viral targets as sewage markers in coral reefs SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE sewage; coral reefs; enterovirus; adenovirus; Florida Keys ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE PCR; FLORIDA-KEYS; COASTAL WATERS; ENTEROVIRUSES; CONTAMINATION; VIRUSES; ADENOVIRUSES; CALIFORNIA; DISEASE AB Water and coral mucus samples were collected from throughout the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and the Dry Tortugas for three years and were analyzed for human enteric viruses (enteroviruses, noroviruses, hepatitis A virus and adenoviruses) as conservative markers of human sewage using molecular methods. Of the 100 coral and water samples collected, 40 contained genetic material from one or more human enteric viruses. DNA-based adenoviruses were detected widely, in 37.8% of samples and at 91% of stations, including 'pristine' reefs in the Dry Tortugas; however, the detection rate was <= 12% for, the RNA-based enteroviruses and noroviruses (hepatitis A virus was never detected). The disparity between the prevalence of RNA- and DNA-based viruses suggests the need for additional work to determine the utility of adenovirus as marker of human sewage. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lipp, Erin K.; Futch, J. Carrie] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Griffin, Dale W.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr Coastal & Watershed St, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Lipp, EK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 206 Environm Hlth Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM clipp@uga.edu NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 12 BP 1897 EP 1902 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.08.001 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 253OR UT WOS:000252528000017 PM 17881013 ER PT J AU Adimey, NM Abernathy, K Gaspard, JC Marshal, G AF Adimey, Nicole M. Abernathy, Kyler Gaspard, Joseph C., III Marshal, Greg TI Meeting the manatee challenge: The feasibility of using CRITTERCAM on wild manatees SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HAWAIIAN MONK SEALS; VIDEO CAMERA; BEHAVIOR; TACTICS; SYSTEM AB The West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus, is currently listed as an endangered species throughout its range. Threats to the subspecies in Florida include watercraft collisions, the potential loss-of warm water refuges, exposure to harmful algal blooms, entanglement in fishery gear, habitat degradation, freshwater diversions and withdrawals, and the crushing or isolation caused by-water control structures. A study was initiated in 2001 to investigate several of these threats and develop methods to aid in endangered species recovery needs by exploring the feasibility of using CRITTERCAM, an animal-borne imaging and data-collection device, on Florida manatees. While the actual CRITTERCAM technology was appropriate for the goals of this study, the unique morphology of the species and its variable habitat made finding a method of attachment extremely challenging. An appropriate and reliable method of attachment to the manatee is necessary for the successful application of animal-borne imaging data collection. Methods previously used successfully on other species were explored, including various combinations of suction cups and adhesives, a nylon harness and a peduncle belt with a trailing tether. Over a span of several years, captive trials and field testing determined that the peduncle belt with connecting tether was the most appropriate method of attachment. Several iterations of this design were made in order to provide the necessary functionality for ensuring productive research with the CRITTERCAM on wild manatees. C1 [Adimey, Nicole M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA. [Abernathy, Kyler; Marshal, Greg] Natl Geog Soc Remote Imaging Dept, Washington, DC USA. RP Adimey, NM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 14 EP 18 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 272EQ UT WOS:000253843100006 ER PT J AU Bromaghin, JF AF Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. TI The genetic mark-recapture likelihood function of capwire SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE abundance estimation; noninvasive genetic sampling; probability models ID SIZE C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries & Ecol Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Bromaghin, JF (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries & Ecol Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jeffrey_bromaghin@fws.gov RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009 OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 23 BP 4883 EP 4884 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03518.x PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 235AF UT WOS:000251205200002 PM 17892464 ER PT J AU Ross, SW AF Ross, Steve W. TI Unique Deep-Water Ecosystems OFF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC OCTOCORALLIA COELENTERATA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; NORTH-CAROLINA; BLAKE PLATEAU; CHARLESTON BUMP; FISH FAUNA; SHELF; FLORIDA; SLOPE C1 [Ross, Steve W.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. RP Ross, SW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. EM rosss@uncw.edu NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2007 VL 20 IS 4 SI SI BP 130 EP 139 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 382XI UT WOS:000261638300020 ER PT J AU McMahon, G AF McMahon, Gerard TI Consequences of land-cover misclassification in models of impervious surface SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY MODELS; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; UNITED-STATES; ACCURACY; AREA; MITIGATION; INDICATOR; IMPROVE; STREAMS; ERROR AB Model estimates of impervious area as a function of land-cover area may be biased and imprecise because of errors in the land-cover classification. This investigation of the effects of land-cover misclassification on impervious surface models that use Notional Land Cover Data (NLCD) evaluates the consequences of adjusting land-cover within a watershed to reflect uncertainty assessment information. Model validation results indicate that using error-matrix information to adjust land-cover values used in impervious surface models does not substantially improve impervious surface predictions. Validation results indicate that the resolution of the land-cover data (Level I and Level II) is more important in predicting impervious surface accurately than whether the land-cover data have been adjusted using information in the error matrix. Level I NLCD, adjusted for land-cover misclassification, is preferable to the other land-cover options for use in models of impervious surface. This result is tied to the lower classification error rates for the Level I NLCD. C1 US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP McMahon, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM gmcmahon@usgs.gov NR 65 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1343 EP 1353 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 236GR UT WOS:000251291500007 ER PT J AU Simmons, MT Windhager, S Power, P Lott, J Lyons, RK Schwope, C AF Simmons, Mark T. Windhager, Steve Power, Paula Lott, Jason Lyons, Robert K. Schwope, Carl TI Selective and non-selective control of invasive plants: The short-term effects of growing-season prescribed fire, herbicide, and mowing in two Texas prairies SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire; grassland; herbicide; invasive; mowing; selective control ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; BOTHRIOCHLOA-ISCHAEMUM; FESCUE PRAIRIE; SMOOTH BROME; EXOTIC PLANT; GRASSLAND; RESTORATION; MANAGEMENT; GRASSES; GLYPHOSATE AB Conservation of North American grasslands is hampered by the impact of invasive herbaceous species. Selective control of these plants, although desirable, is complicated by the shared physiology and phenology of the invader and the native components of the invaded plant community. Fortunately, there is evidence that some management practices, such as prescribed fire, herbicide, and mowing, can cause differential responses in native and invasive grassland species. However, timing of treatment is critical, and fire has been shown to increase rates of invasion when implemented during the dormant season. Bothriochloa ischaemum, an introduced C4 Eurasian grass is an increasing problem in grasslands, particularly in southern and central regions of North America. To date, there has been little success in effective selective control. Two invaded grassland sites representative of Blackland Prairie and Edwards Plateau ecoregions were subjected to two growing-season prescribed fire treatments, single and double herbicide applications, and single and double mowing treatments. Mowing had no effect on either B. ischaemum or other dominant species at either site one-year posttreatment. However, growing-season fire and herbicide were both effective at reducing the abundance of B. ischaemum, with other codominant species responding either negatively to herbicide or neutrally or positively to fire. The vulnerability of B. ischaemum to growing-season fire may be associated with the ecology of its native range. The negative growth response to growing-season fire, combined with its lower implementation costs, indicates that this method warrants further investigation as a selective management tool for other problematic species in invaded grasslands. C1 [Simmons, Mark T.; Windhager, Steve] Univ Texas Austin, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Ctr, Landscape Restorat Program, Austin, TX 78739 USA. [Power, Paula] San Marcos Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Lott, Jason] Lyndon B Johnson Natl Histor Pk, Natl Pk Serv, Johnson City, TX 78636 USA. [Lyons, Robert K.] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Texas Coop Extens, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Schwope, Carl] Balcones Canyonlands Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RP Simmons, MT (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Ctr, Landscape Restorat Program, 4801 La Crosse Ave, Austin, TX 78739 USA. EM msimmons@wildflower.org NR 57 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 67 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 15 IS 4 BP 662 EP 669 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 239YX UT WOS:000251555300009 ER PT J AU Carline, RF Walsh, MC AF Carline, Robert F. Walsh, Mary C. TI Responses to riparian restoration in the Spring Creek watershed, central Pennsylvania SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE grazing; macroinvertebrate communities; restoration; riparian; water quality ID MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; FILTER STRIPS; NORTH-AMERICA; STREAMS; SEDIMENT; COMMUNITIES; NUTRIENT; USA; PERSPECTIVE; FORESTS AB Riparian treatments, consisting of 3- to 4-m buffer strips, stream bank stabilization, and rock-lined stream crossings, were installed in two streams with livestock grazing to reduce sediment loading and stream bank erosion. Cedar Run and Slab Cabin Run, the treatment streams, and Spring Creek, an adjacent reference stream without riparian grazing, were monitored prior to (1991-1992) and 3-5 years after (2001-2003) riparian buffer installation to assess channel morphology, stream substrate composition, suspended sediments, and macroinvertebrate communities. Few changes were found in channel widths and depths, but channel-structuring flow events were rare in the drought period after restoration. Stream bank vegetation increased from 50% or less to 100% in nearly all formerly grazed riparian buffers. The proportion of fine sediments in stream substrates decreased in Cedar Run but not in Slab Cabin Run. After riparian treatments, suspended sediments during base flow and storm flow decreased 47-87% in both streams. Macroinvertebrate diversity did not improve after restoration in either treated stream. Relative to Spring Creek, macroinvertebrate densities increased in both treated streams by the end of the posttreatment sampling period. Despite drought conditions that may have altered physical and biological effects of riparian treatments, goals of the riparian restoration to minimize erosion and sedimentation were met. A relatively narrow grass buffer along 2.4 km of each stream was effective in improving water quality, stream substrates, and some biological metrics. C1 [Carline, Robert F.] US Geol Survey, Pennsylvania Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Walsh, Mary C.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Carline, RF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pennsylvania Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 402 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM rcarline@psu.edu NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 15 IS 4 BP 731 EP 742 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 239YX UT WOS:000251555300016 ER PT J AU Noe, GB Hupp, CR AF Noe, Gregory B. Hupp, Cliff R. TI Seasonal variation in nutrient retention during inundation of a short-hydroperiod floodplain SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE flood; floodplain; nitrogen; nutrient; phosphorus; retention; sediment; wetland ID FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; RIVER-FLOODPLAIN; ORGANIC-MATTER; HYDROLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; RIPARIAN; FOREST AB Floodplains are generally considered to be important locations for nutrient retention or inorganic-to-organic nutrient conversions in riverine ecosystems. However, little is known about nutrient processing in short-hydroperiod floodplains or seasonal variation in floodplain nutrient retention. Therefore, we quantified the net uptake, release or transformation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and suspended sediment species during brief periods (1-2 days) of overbank flooding through a 250-m floodplain flowpath on the fourth-order Mattawoman Creek, Maryland U.S.A. Sampling occurred during a winter, two spring and a summer flood in this largely forested watershed with low nutrient and sediment loading. Concentrations of NO3- increased significantly in surface water flowing over the floodplain in three of the four floods, suggesting the floodplain was a source of NO3-. The upper portion of the floodplain flowpath consistently exported NH4+, most likely due to the hyporheic flushing of floodplain soil NH4+, which was then Likely nitrified to NO3- in floodwaters. The floodplain was a sink for particulate organic P (POP) during two floods and particulate organic N and inorganic suspended sediment (ISS) during one flood. Large releases of all dissolved inorganic N and P species occurred following a snowmelt and subsequent cold winter flood. Although there was little consistency in most patterns of nutrient processing among the different floods, this floodplain, characterized by brief inundation, low residence time and low nutrient loading, behaved oppositely from the conceptual model for most floodplains in that it generally exported inorganic nutrients and imported organic nutrients. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Noe, Gregory B.; Hupp, Cliff R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Noe, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 430 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM gnoe@usgs.gov RI Noe, Gregory/A-1365-2010; OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 NR 41 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 29 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 23 IS 10 BP 1088 EP 1101 DI 10.1002/rra.1035 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 253PM UT WOS:000252530100004 ER PT J AU Rubin, DM Chezar, H Harney, JN Topping, DJ Melis, TS Sherwood, CR AF Rubin, David M. Chezar, Henry Harney, Jodi N. Topping, David J. Melis, Theodore S. Sherwood, Christopher R. TI Underwater microscope for measuring spatial and temporal changes in bed-sediment grain size SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on From Particle Size to Sediment Dynamics CY APR 15-18, 2004 CL Hanse Inst Adv Study, Delmenhorst, GERMANY HO Hanse Inst Adv Study DE underwater microscope; bed sediment; grain size; in situ measurement; Colorado river; Adriatic sea AB For more than a century, studies of sedimentology and sediment transport have measured bed-sediment grain size by collecting samples and transporting them back to the laboratory for grain-size analysis. This process is slow and expensive. Moreover, most sampling systems are not selective enough to sample only the surficial grains that interact with the flow; samples typically include sediment from at least a few centimeters beneath the bed surface. New hardware and software are available for in situ measurement of grain size. The new technology permits rapid measurement of surficial bed sediment. Here we describe several systems we have deployed by boat, by hand, and by tripod in rivers, oceans, and on beaches. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rubin, David M.; Harney, Jodi N.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Chezar, Henry] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Topping, David J.; Melis, Theodore S.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Sherwood, Christopher R.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Rubin, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM drubin@usgs.gov; hchezar@usgs.gov; jodi@coastalandoceans.com; dtopping@usgs.gov; tmelis@usgs.gov; csherwood@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 202 IS 3 BP 402 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.03.020 PG 7 WC Geology SC Geology GA 243VP UT WOS:000251825700006 ER PT J AU Topping, DJ Rubin, DM Melis, TS AF Topping, D. J. Rubin, D. M. Melis, T. S. TI Coupled changes in sand grain size and sand transport driven by changes in the upstream supply of sand in the Colorado River: Relative importance of changes in bed-sand grain size and bed-sand area SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on From Particle Size to Sediment Dynamics CY APR 15-18, 2004 CL Hanse Inst Adv Study, Delmenhorst, GERMANY HO Hanse Inst Adv Study DE sand; grain size; suspended sediment; supply limitation; Colorado river; Grand canyon ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SUSPENDED-LOAD; FLOW; LIMITATION; EVOLUTION; SURFACE; CANYON AB Sand transport in the Colorado River in Marble and Grand canyons was naturally limited by the upstream supply of sand. Prior to the 1963 closure of Glen Canyon Dam, the river exhibited the following four effects of sand supply limitation: (1) hysteresis in sediment concentration, (2) hysteresis in sediment grain size coupled to the hysteresis in sediment concentration, (3) production of inversely graded flood deposits, and (4) development or modification of a lag between the time of a flood peak and the time of either maximum or minimum (depending on reach geometry) bed elevation. Construction and operation of the dam has enhanced the degree to which the first two of these four effects are evident, and has not affected the degree to which the last two effects of sand supply limitation are evident in the Colorado River in Marble and Grand canyons. The first three of the effects involve coupled changes in suspended-sand concentration and grain size that are controlled by changes in the upstream supply of sand. During tributary floods, sand on the bed of the Colorado River fines; this causes the suspended sand to fine and the suspended-sand concentration to increase, even when the discharge of water remains constant. Subsequently, the bed is winnowed of finer sand, the suspended sand coarsens, and the suspended-sand concentration decreases independently of discharge. Also associated with these changes in sand supply are changes in the fraction of the bed that is covered by sand. Thus, suspended-sand concentration in the Colorado River is likely regulated by both changes in the bed-sand grain size and changes in the bed-sand area. A physically based flow and suspended-sediment transport model is developed, tested, and applied to data from the Colorado River to evaluate the relative importance of changes in the bed-sand grain size and changes in the bed-sand area in regulating suspended-sand concentration. Although the model was developed using approximations for steady, uniform flow, and other simplifications that are not met in the Colorado River, the results nevertheless support the idea that changes in bed-sand grain size are much more important than changes in bed-sand area in regulating the concentration of suspended sand. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Topping, D. J.; Melis, T. S.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Rubin, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Topping, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dtopping@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 202 IS 3 BP 538 EP 561 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.03.016 PG 24 WC Geology SC Geology GA 243VP UT WOS:000251825700017 ER PT J AU Melesse, AM Weng, QH Thenkabail, PS Senay, GB AF Melesse, Assefa M. Weng, Qihao Thenkabail, Prasad S. Senay, Gabriel B. TI Remote sensing sensors and applications in environmental resources mapping and modelling SO SENSORS LA English DT Review DE remote sensing; sensors; environment; urban; hydrology; early warning ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; URBAN HEAT-ISLAND; IMPERVIOUS SURFACE; LAND-USE; VEGETATION ABUNDANCE; ENERGY-BALANCE; SENSED DATA; SOIL MODEL; COVER; CLASSIFICATION AB The history of remote sensing and development of different sensors for environmental and natural resources mapping and data acquisition is reviewed and reported. Application examples in urban studies, hydrological modeling such as land-cover and floodplain mapping, fractional vegetation cover and impervious surface area mapping, surface energy flux and micro-topography correlation studies is discussed. The review also discusses the use of remotely sensed-based rainfall and potential evapotranspiration for estimating crop water requirement satisfaction index and hence provides early warning information for growers. The review is not an exhaustive application of the remote sensing techniques rather a summary of some important applications in environmental studies and modeling. C1 [Melesse, Assefa M.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Weng, Qihao] Indiana State Univ, Dept Geog, Ctr Urban & Environm Change, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Thenkabail, Prasad S.] Int Water Management Inst, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Senay, Gabriel B.] US Geol Survey, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Melesse, AM (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM melessea@fiu.edu RI Melesse, Assefa/F-9931-2013; OI Melesse, Assefa/0000-0003-4724-9367; Weng, Qihao/0000-0002-2498-0934 NR 74 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 13 U2 42 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INT PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD DEC PY 2007 VL 7 IS 12 BP 3209 EP 3241 DI 10.3390/s7123209 PG 33 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 255AE UT WOS:000252628300015 ER PT J AU Kamler, JF Ballard, WB Wallace, MC Gipson, PS AF Kamler, Jan F. Ballard, Warren B. Wallace, Mark C. Gipson, Philip S. TI Diets of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) in continuous and fragmented prairie in northwestern Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; GRASSLAND BIRDS; HABITAT USE; COYOTES; FIELDS AB Distribution of the swift fox (Vulpes velox) has declined dramatically since the 1800s, and suggested causes of this decline are habitat fragmentation and transformation due to agricultural expansion. However, impacts of fragmentation and human-altered habitats on swift foxes still are not well understood. To better understand what effects these factors have on diets of swift foxes, scats were collected in northwestern Texas at two study sites, one of continuous native prairie and one representing fragmented native prairie interspersed with agricultural and fields in the Conservation Reserve Program. Leporids, a potential food source, were surveyed seasonally oil both sites. Diets of swift foxes differed between sites; insects were consumed more oil continuous prairie, whereas mammals, birds, and crops were consumed more on fragmented prairie. Size of populations of leporids were 2-3 times higher on fragmented prairie, and swift foxes responded by consuming more leporids on fragmented (11.1% frequency occurrence) than continuous (3.8%) prairie. Dietary diversity was greater on fragmented prairie during both years of the study. Differences in diets between sites suggested that the swift fox is an adaptable and opportunistic feeder, able to exploit a variety of food resources, probably in relation to availability of food. We Suggest that compared to continuous native prairie, fragmented prairie can offer swift foxes a more diverse prey base, at least within the mosaic of native prairie, agricultural, and fields that are in the Conservation Reserve Program. C1 [Kamler, Jan F.; Ballard, Warren B.; Wallace, Mark C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Gipson, Philip S.] Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Ballard, WB (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, POB 42125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM warren.ballard@llu.edu RI Wallace, Mark/A-1263-2010; Kamler, Jan/F-8520-2011 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 16 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 504 EP 510 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[504:DOSFVV]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 242PU UT WOS:000251738600007 ER PT J AU Abati, J Castineiras, P Arenas, R Fernandez-Suarez, J Barreiro, JG AF Abati, Jacobo Castineiras, Pedro Arenas, Ricardo Fernandez-Suarez, Javier Barreiro, Juan Gomez TI Using SHRIMP zircon dating to unravel tectonothermal events in arc environments. The early Palaeozoic arc of NW Iberia revisited SO TERRA NOVA LA English DT Article ID U-PB AGES; ORDENES COMPLEX; MAGMATIC-ARC; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; CRUSTAL GROWTH; ND ISOTOPE; T PATHS; SPAIN; TERRANE; MASSIF AB Dating of zircon cores and rims from granulites developed in a shear zone provides insights into the complex relationship between magmatism and metamorphism in the deep roots of arc environments. The granulites belong to the uppermost allochthonous terrane of the NW Iberian Massif, which forms part of a Cambro-Ordovician magmatic arc developed in the peri-Gondwanan realm. The obtained zircon ages confirm that voluminous calc-alkaline magmatism peaked around 500 Ma and was shortly followed by granulite facies metamorphism accompanied by deformation at c. 480 Ma, giving a time framework for crustal heating, regional metamorphism, deformation and partial melting, the main processes that control the tectonothermal evolution of arc systems. Traces of this arc can be discontinuously followed in different massifs throughout the European Variscan Belt, and we propose that the uppermost allochthonous units of the NW Iberian Massif, together with the related terranes in Europe, constitute an independent and coherent terrane that drifted away from northern Gondwana prior to the Variscan collisional orogenesis. C1 Univ Complutense, Dept Petr & Geoquim, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Castineiras, P (reprint author), Dept Petr & Geoquim, C Jose Anronio Novais 2, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM castigar@geo.ucm.es RI Gomez Barreiro, Juan/A-1661-2011; Fernandez-Suarez, Javier/A-3768-2010; Abati, Jacobo/F-3366-2011; Castineiras, Pedro/L-2760-2014 OI Gomez Barreiro, Juan/0000-0002-5031-3115; Fernandez-Suarez, Javier/0000-0002-7429-2865; Abati, Jacobo/0000-0002-2227-1392; Castineiras, Pedro/0000-0002-1835-3192 NR 42 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0954-4879 EI 1365-3121 J9 TERRA NOVA JI Terr. Nova PD DEC PY 2007 VL 19 IS 6 BP 432 EP 439 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3121.2007.00768.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 235AZ UT WOS:000251207200008 ER PT J AU Kofron, CP AF Kofron, Christopher P. TI Reproduction of the spotted-winged fruit bat Balionycteris maculata (Thomas 1893) in Brunei, Borneo (Megachiroptera Pteropodidae) SO TROPICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Balionycteris; Borneo; Brunei; Chiroptera; fruit bat; Megachiroptera; reproduction; spotted-winged fruit bat ID MALAYSIAN RAIN-FOREST; CHIROPTERA; MORPHOLOGY; MAMMALIA AB The spotted-winged fruit bat Balionycteris maculata (Thomas 1893) (Megachiroptera Pteropodidae) is a small fruit bat inhabiting Southeast Asia. I studied its reproduction in Brunei, Borneo, where individuals were captured in rainforest. Adult females (n = 18) had body masses of 10.5 to 17.5 g, with forelimbs 3.97 to 4.33 cm length. Based upon my data, I estimate the following regarding reproduction of B. maculata within the 12-month time frame from October to September: a birthing season for all adult females from approximately October to December; postpartum oestrus and mating; 2 to 4 months of lactation; and a prolonged and delayed embryonic development, with the subsequent parturition during the next birthing season from approximately October to December. In sum, the reproductive cycle is consistent with a pattern of seasonal monoestry. The estimated birthing season occurs during a season of greater rainfall, and it appears not timed to the season of abundant flowering/fruiting (April). Female and male B. maculata appear to attain sexual maturity quickly during the first year after birth, likely within 6 months. Adult males (n = 16) had body masses of 10.5 to 13.5 g, with forelimbs 3.85 to 4.33 cm. Adult males showed seasonal recrudescence of testes: regressed testes from early September to early December, and significantly larger testes from early December to May. The shortest lengths were approximately during the estimated birthing season, after which the testes lengthened. This particular pattern of testis recrudescence does not appear to be correlated to photoperiod. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. RP Kofron, CP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2493 Portola Rd,Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. EM chris_kofron@fws.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTRO STUDIO FAUNISTICA ECOLOGIA TROPICALI, C N R PI FLORENCE PA VIA ROMANA 17, 50125 FLORENCE, ITALY SN 0394-6975 J9 TROP ZOOL JI Trop. Zool. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 20 IS 2 BP 187 EP 195 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 268SD UT WOS:000253598800005 ER PT J AU Pearce, RD O'Shea, TJ Shankar, V Rupprecht, CE AF Pearce, Roger D. O'Shea, Thomas J. Shankar, Vidya Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Lack of association between ectoparasite intensities and rabies virus neutralizing antibody seroprevalence in wild big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), Fort Collins, Colorado SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE big brown bat; Eptesicus fuscus; rabies virus; ectoparasite serology; Cimex; Steatonyssus; Spinturnix; AIC ID KELLEYI ACARI; UNITED-STATES; BARTONELLA; ARGASIDAE; SURVIVAL; DIPTERA; BLOOD; USA AB Recently, bat ectoparasites have been demonstrated to harbor pathogens of potential importance to humans. We evaluated antirabies antibody seroprevalence and the presence of ectoparasites in big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) sampled in 2002 and 2003 in Colorado to investigate if an association existed between ectoparasite intensity and exposure to rabies virus (RV). We used logistic regression and Akaike's Information Criteria adjusted for sample size (AICc) in a post-hoc analysis to investigate the relative importance of three ectoparasite species, as well as bat colony size, year sampled, age class, colony size, and year interaction on the presence of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (VNA) in serum of wild E. fuscus. We obtained serum samples and ectoparasite counts from big brown bats simultaneously in 2002 and 2003. Although the presence of ectoparasites (Steatonyssus occidentalis and Spinturnix bakeri) were important in elucidating VNA seroprevalence, their intensities were higher in seronegative bats than in seropositive bats, and the presence of a third ectoparasite (Cimex pilosellus) was inconsequential. Colony size and year sampled were the most important variables in these AICc models. These findings suggest that these ectoparasites do not enhance exposure of big brown bats to RV. C1 [Pearce, Roger D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [O'Shea, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Shankar, Vidya] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Shankar, Vidya; Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pearce, RD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM raroland@lamar.colostate.edu NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4 BP 489 EP 495 DI 10.1089/vbz.2007.0572 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 253AP UT WOS:000252490000003 PM 17979542 ER PT J AU Wright, SK Roby, DD Anthony, RG AF Wright, Sadie K. Roby, Daniel. D. Anthony, Robert G. TI Responses of California Brown Pelicans to disturbances at a large Oregon roost SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE California Brown Pelicans; Columbia River estuary; disturbance; Pelecanus occidentalis californicus; roost ID SUCCESS; GEESE AB Numbers of California Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis californicus) along the coast of Oregon and Washington have increased sharply in recent years. We identified East Sand Island in the Columbia River estuary as the site of the largest pelican roost within this region. Numbers of pelicans roosting on East Sand Island have increased from less than 100 during 1979-1986 to a high count of 10,852 in 2002. The East Sand Island roost is currently the site of a major non-breeding aggregation of this endangered subspecies. Total numbers of pelicans roosting on East Sand Island increased seasonally from April to September or October, and then declined sharply with the onset of winter storms. Pelicans appeared to forage more during low tides, and return to the roost during high tides; therefore, pelican numbers on the island were positively associated with tide height. Land-based human disturbance was negatively associated with total pelican numbers, whereas water-based human disturbance had no significant effect on total pelican numbers on the island. Natural disturbances, although more frequent than human disturbances, apparently did not influence the total number of pelicans on the island. C1 [Wright, Sadie K.; Roby, Daniel. D.; Anthony, Robert G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wright, Sadie K.; Roby, Daniel. D.; Anthony, Robert G.] Oregon State Univ, USGS Oregon Cooperat Fish, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wright, SK (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USGS Oregon Cooperat Fish, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM sadiwright@hotmail.com NR 26 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4 BP 479 EP 487 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0479:ROCBPT]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 256JU UT WOS:000252725600002 ER PT J AU Brown, LR Thompson, JK Higgins, K Lucas, LV AF Brown, Larry R. Thompson, Janet K. Higgins, Karen Lucas, Lisa V. TI Population density, biomass, and, age-class structure of the invasive clam Corbicula fluminea in rivers of the lower San Joaquin River watershed, California SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Corbicula fluminea; alien species; invasive species; San Joaquin River; Merced river; Tuolumne rive ID ASIATIC CLAM; DELTA ARGENTINA; POTOMAC RIVER; BIVALVIA; PHYTOPLANKTON; PESTICIDES; SEDIMENT; RESTORATION; DISPERSAL; HABITATS AB Corbicula fluminea is well known as art invasive filter-feeding freshwater bivalve with a variety of effects on ecosystem processes. However, C. fluminea has been relatively unstudied in the rivers of the western United States. In June 2003, we sampled C. fluminea at 1.6 sites in the San Joaquin River watershed of California, which was invaded by C. fluminea in the 1940s. Corbicula fluminea was common in 2 tributaries to the San Joaquin River, reaching densities of 200 clams . m(-2), but was rare in the San Joaquin River. Biomass followed a similar pattern. Clams of the same age were shorter in the San Joaquin River than in the tributaries. Distribution of clams was different in the 2 tributaries, but the causes of the difference are unknown, The low density and biomass of clams in the San Joaquin River was likely due to stressful habitat or to water quality, because food was abundant. The success of C. fluminea invasions and subsequent effects on trophic processes likely depends on multiple factors. As C. fluminea continues to expand its range around the world, questions regarding invasion success and effects on ecosystems will become important in a wide array of environmental settings. C1 [Brown, Larry R.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Thompson, Janet K.; Higgins, Karen; Lucas, Lisa V.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brown, LR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM lrbrown@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2007 VL 67 IS 4 BP 572 EP 586 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2007)67[572:PDBAAS]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 254HJ UT WOS:000252577400010 ER PT J AU Conway, CJ Sulzman, C AF Conway, Courtney J. Sulzman, Christina TI Status and habitat use of the California black rail in the southwestern USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Arizona; California; common threesquare; habitat use; Laterallus jamaicensis; lower Colorado River; population status; Schoenoplectus pungen ID PROBABILITY AB California black rails (Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus) occur in two disjunct regions: the southwestern USA (western Arizona and southern California) and northern California (Sacramento Valley and the San Francisco Bay area). We examined current status of black rails in the southwestern USA by repeating survey efforts first conducted in 1973-1974 and again in 1989, and also examined wetland plant species associated with black rail distribution and abundance. We detected 136 black rails in Arizona and southern California. Black rail numbers detected during past survey efforts were much higher than the numbers detected during our more intensive survey effort, and hence, populations have obviously declined. Plants that were more common at points with black rails included common threesquare (Schoenoplectus pungens), arrowweed (Pluchea sericea), Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii), seepwillow (Baccharis salicifolia), and mixed shrubs, with common threesquare showing the strongest association with black rail presence. Plant species and non-vegetative communities that were less common at points with black rails included California bulrush (Schoenoplectus californicus), southern cattail (Typha domingensis), upland vegetation, and open water. Black rails were often present at sites that had some saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima), but were rarely detected in areas dominated by saltcedar. We recommend that a standardized black rail survey effort be repeated annually to obtain estimates of black rail population trends. Management of existing emergent marshes with black rails is needed to maintain stands of common threesquare in early successional stages. Moreover, wetland restoration efforts that produce diverse wetland vegetation including common threesquare should be implemented to ensure that black rail populations persist in the southwestern USA. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, USGS, Arizona Cooperat Fish Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Conway, CJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, USGS, Arizona Cooperat Fish Wildlife Res Unit, 325 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cconway@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 987 EP 998 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[987:SAHUOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 238TV UT WOS:000251471400021 ER EF