FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Smith, DB Reimann, C AF Smith, David B. Reimann, Clemens TI Low-density geochemical mapping and the robustness of geochemical patterns SO GEOCHEMISTRY-EXPLORATION ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE low-density geochemical mapping; geochemical background; global geochemical baselines ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETRY; METALLOGENIC PROVINCES; ORGANIC-MATTER; CHINA; RECONNAISSANCE; MERCURY(II); EUROPE AB Geochemical mapping of entire continents and, ultimately, the world is still a challenge for applied geochemists. At sample densities traditionally used for geochemical exploration (1 site per 1-25 km(2)), geochemical mapping of whole continents is logistically extremely demanding and tremendously expensive. The first low-density geochemical surveys (1 site per 200 km(2)) were carried out during the late 1960s in Africa. Later surveys conducted in various parts of the world had sample densities ranging from 1 site per 300 km(2) to 1 site per 18 000 km(2). Although these surveys were deemed successful by the investigators in defining variations in background element content on a regional scale, the scientific community was sceptical that low-density geochemical mapping was possible and would provide useful information. The main area of criticism centred around the concern that at such low sample densities the resulting maps would not be robust, i.e. if the same area were resampled and remapped, different geochemical patterns would emerge. Different examples from the USA, Europe, China and Africa demonstrate that low-density geochemical mapping will result in stable and robust geochemical patterns at the continental scale. Such maps are urgently needed for a wide variety of applications. C1 [Smith, David B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Reimann, Clemens] Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. RP Smith, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dsmith@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7873 J9 GEOCHEM-EXPLOR ENV A JI Geochem.-Explor. Environ. Anal. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1144/1467-7873/08-171 PN 3-4 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 333XR UT WOS:000258187400003 ER PT J AU Sikora, ER Johnson, TM Bullen, TD AF Sikora, Eric R. Johnson, Thomas M. Bullen, Thomas D. TI Microbial mass-dependent fractionation of chromium isotopes SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS MR-1; BACTERIAL SULFATE REDUCTION; HEXAVALENT-CHROMIUM; SANDY AQUIFER; CHROMATE REDUCTION; SULFUR; SELENIUM; NITROGEN; NITRATE; DENITRIFICATION AB Mass-dependent fractionation of Cr isotopes occurs during dissimilatory Cr(VI) reduction by Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1. Cells suspended in a simple buffer solution, with various concentrations of lactate or formate added as electron donor, reduced 5 or 10 mu M Cr(VI) to Cr(III) over days to weeks. In all nine batch experiments, Cr-52/Cr-52 ratios of the unreacted Cr(VI) increased as reduction proceeded. In eight experiments covering a range of added donor concentrations up to 100 mu M, isotopic fractionation factors were nearly invariant, ranging from 1.0040 to 1.0045, with a mean value somewhat larger than that previously reported for abiotic Cr(VI) reduction (1.0034). One experiment containing much greater donor concentration (10 mM lactate) reduced Cr(VI) much faster and exhibited a lesser fractionation factor (1.0018). These results indicate that Cr-53/Cr-52 measurements should be effective as indicators of Cr(VI) reduction, either bacterial or abiotic. However, variability in the fractionation factor is poorly constrained and should be studied for a variety of microbial and abiotic reduction pathways. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sikora, Eric R.; Johnson, Thomas M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sikora, Eric R.] Sigma Grp, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. [Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Johnson, TM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, 245 Nat Hist Bldg,1301 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM tmjohnsn@uiuc.edu RI Johnson, Thomas/A-2740-2008 OI Johnson, Thomas/0000-0003-1620-1408 NR 71 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 15 BP 3631 EP 3641 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2008.05.051 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 332NG UT WOS:000258089100004 ER PT J AU Amundson, R Ewing, S Dietrich, W Sutter, B Owen, J Chadwick, O Nishiizumi, K Walvoord, M McKay, C AF Amundson, Ronald Ewing, Stephanie Dietrich, William Sutter, Brad Owen, Justine Chadwick, Oliver Nishiizumi, Kunihiko Walvoord, Michelle McKay, Christopher TI On the in situ aqueous alteration of soils on Mars SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID PATHFINDER LANDING SITE; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ATACAMA DESERT; GUSEV CRATER; MARTIAN SOIL; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; PLANETARY SCIENCE; BURNS FORMATION AB Early (>3 Gy) wetter climate conditions on Mars have been proposed, and it is thus likely that pedogenic processes have occurred there at some point in the past. Soil and rock chemistry of the Martian landing sites were evaluated to test the hypothesis that in situ aqueous alteration and downward movement of solutes have been among the processes that have transformed these portions of the Mars regolith. A geochemical mass balance shows that Martian soils at three landing sites have lost significant quantities of major rock-forming elements and have gained elements that are likely present as soluble ions. The loss of elements is interpreted to have occurred during an earlier stage(s) of weathering that may have been accompanied by the downward transport of weathering products, and the salts are interpreted to be emplaced later in a drier Mars history. Chemical differences exist among the sites, indicating regional differences in soil composition. Shallow soil profile excavations at Gusev crater are consistent with late stage downward migration of salts, implying the presence of small amounts of liquid water even in relatively recent Martian history. While the mechanisms for chemical weathering and salt additions on Mars remain unclear, the soil chemistry appears to record a decline in leaching efficiency. A deep sedimentary exposure at Endurance crater contains complex depth profiles of SO4, Cl, and Br, trends generally consistent with downward aqueous transport accompanied by drying. While no model for the origin of Martian soils can be fully constrained with the currently available data, a pedogenic origin is consistent with observed Martian geology and geochemistry, and provides a testable hypothesis that can be evaluated with present and future data from the Mars surface. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Amundson, Ronald; Ewing, Stephanie; Owen, Justine] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dietrich, William] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sutter, Brad] Jacobs NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Chadwick, Oliver] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Nishiizumi, Kunihiko] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Walvoord, Michelle] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [McKay, Christopher] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Amundson, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM earthy@nature.berkeley.edu RI Amundson, Ronald /E-2654-2015 NR 92 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 15 BP 3845 EP 3864 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2008.04.038 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 332NG UT WOS:000258089100017 ER PT J AU Colgan, JP Shuster, DL Reiners, PW AF Colgan, Joseph P. Shuster, David L. Reiners, Peter W. TI Two-phase Neogene extension in the northwestern Basin and Range recorded in a single thermochronology sample SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE He-4/He-3 thermochronology; (U-Th)/He dating; fission-track analysis; Surprise Valley fault ID CENOZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION; HE-4/HE-3 THERMOCHRONOMETRY; WARNER RANGE; CALIFORNIA; NEVADA; MA AB We use a combination of apatite He-4/He-3, (U-Th)/He, and fission-track thermochronology to date slip on the Surprise Valley fault in northeastern California by analyzing a single sample from the Warner Range in the footwall of the fault. This sample, a granitic clast from a conglomerate, yielded a fission-track age of 11.6 +/- 2.8 Ma and a (U-Th)/He age of 3.02 +/- 0.52 Ma. Geologic relationships indicate that this sample was buried to a depth of similar to 3.3 km prior to exhumation during slip on the Surprise Valley fault. Fission-track age and length data indicate that the sample was fully reset (> 120 degrees C) prior to exhumation, which began sometime after 14 Ma. A single aliquot of nine apatite grains was step-heated for He-4/He-3 analysis; modeling of the resulting He-4 distribution indicates that cooling from > 80 degrees C to similar to 20 degrees C occurred between 3 and 1 Ma. Interconsistent time-temperature (t-T) solutions to the combined He-4/He-3, (U-Th)/He, and fission-track data require two distinct periods of cooling, consistent with noncontinuous slip on the Surprise Valley fault. Early cooling and fault slip took place between 14 and 8 Ma, followed by more recent fault slip ca. 3 Ma. This timing is consistent with both local geologic relationships and with the regional timing of faulting along the western margin of the Basin and Range Province. These data demonstrate the resolving power of combined fission-track, (U-Th)/He, and He-4/He-3 thermochronometric data to extract low-temperature t-T information from a single sample close to Earth's surface. C1 [Colgan, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Shuster, David L.] Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. [Reiners, Peter W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Colgan, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jcolgan@usgs.gov RI Shuster, David/A-4838-2011; OI Colgan, Joseph/0000-0001-6671-1436 NR 17 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 8 BP 631 EP 634 DI 10.1130/G24897A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 331NA UT WOS:000258017700010 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Peng, ZC Chen, TG Wei, GJ Sun, WD Sun, RY He, JF Liu, GJ Chou, CL Zartman, RE AF Liu, Yi Peng, Zicheng Chen, Tegu Wei, Gangjian Sun, Weidong Sun, Ruoyu He, Jianfeng Liu, Guijian Chou, Chen-Lin Zartman, Robert E. TI The decline of winter monsoon velocity in the South China Sea through the 20th century: Evidence from the Sr/Ca records in corals SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE coral; Sr/Ca ratio; East Asian monsoon; South China Sea; globe warming; Kuroshio Current ID EAST-ASIAN MONSOON; INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; DELTA-O-18 RECORDS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; KUROSHIO INTRUSION; LATE PLEISTOCENE; INDIAN-OCEAN; EL-NINO AB A modern massive Porites coral was collected from the Longwan Bay (19 degrees 20'N, 110 degrees 39'E) on the east coast of the Hainan Island, China. The coral was sectioned vertical to the growth axis into discs of double density-bands representing annual growth. The samples were analyzed for the Sr/Ca ratio by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The history of winter sea-surface temperature (SST) is reconstructed using the Sr/Ca ratio in winter bands of corals. The winter SST at Xisha in the middle of the South China Sea (SCS) is weakly correlated with the instrument-measured winter monsoon velocity (WMV) with a correlation coefficient of 0.19. The winter SST data from corals at Longwan Bay, Hainan, in the northern SCS are moderately correlated with the WMV (r=0.40). Interestingly we found that the difference of winter SSTs between the two sites (Xisha and Longwan Bay, Hainan) (the X-H index) is significantly negatively correlated with the WMV (r=-0.73). This negative correlation may be related to the intrusion of the warm Kuroshio Current into the SCS through the Luzon Strait promoted by the strong northeastern monsoon winds in the winter. Using the relationship between our coralline data and observed WMV, the calculated winter monsoon velocity (WMVc) was obtained for 87 years. This data set in combination with the instrument-measured data between 1993 and 1998 generate a record of WMVc for a period of 93 years from 1906 to 1998. The WMVc in the 20th century shows significant interannual and decadal variability with a trend of persistent decline in the whole 20th century at the rate of decrease of -0.02 (m/s)/a. The lowest wind velocity occurred during the last two decades of the 20th century. The WMVc has decreased significantly by about 30% from the early to the late of 20th century. The 20th century decline of winter monsoon velocity evidenced from the SCS coral records is consistent with the atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) simulations for monsoon response to increasing temperatures. In addition, an obvious decline shift of WMV around 1976 can be seen in both instrumental and proxy records and it coincides with many other Pacific records. This shift is likely to correspond to a Pacific-wide change in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation occurring at the same time. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Yi; Peng, Zicheng; Sun, Ruoyu; He, Jianfeng; Liu, Guijian] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Earth & Space Sci, CAS Key Lab Crust Mantle Mat & Environm, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Chen, Tegu] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Sea Inst Oceanol, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Wei, Gangjian; Sun, Weidong] Chinese Acad Sci, China Guangzhou Inst Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Chou, Chen-Lin] Illinois State Geol Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Zartman, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Earth & Space Sci, CAS Key Lab Crust Mantle Mat & Environm, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. EM gee@mail.ustc.edu.cn RI Sun, Weidong/F-8482-2010; Liu, Guijian/M-9597-2014; 若愚, 孙/F-3823-2010 OI 若愚, 孙/0000-0001-7261-8377 FU Innovation Project Fund [KZCX-2-YW-318]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40599424, 40676069] FX We thank the Hainan Province Marine Department, China, for helping with the sample collection. We are grateful to Ms. Y. Liu and Dr W. Deng of the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, for helping with the ICP-AES analysis. This research is supported by the Innovation Project Fund (KZCX-2-YW-318), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40599424, 40676069). This paper benefits tremendously from constructive reviews of Dr. Thierry Correge and an anonymous reviewer. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD AUG PY 2008 VL 63 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.05.003 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 351MV UT WOS:000259429300008 ER PT J AU Whittaker, TE Hall, BL Hendy, CH Spaulding, SA AF Whittaker, Thomas E. Hall, Brenda L. Hendy, Chris H. Spaulding, Sarah A. TI Holocene depositional environments and surface-level changes at Lake Fryxell, Antarctica SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE Dry Valleys; depositional environments; lake-level variations; sediment cores; carbonates; diatoms; Lake Fryxell; Antarctica ID MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS; GROUNDED ICE-SHEET; TAYLOR VALLEY; ROSS SEA; LACUSTRINE SEDIMENTS; SOUND REGION; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEM; EXAMPLES AB We report on Holocene surface-level variations of Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, as determined from multiproxy analyses of 18 sediment cores. During this time accumulating sediments were predominantly aeolian sand with algal and carbonate laminae. Based on stratigraphy, mineralogy and diatom assemblages we suggest some carbonate laminae were deposited when lake level dropped, leading to concentration and subsequent precipitation of salts. Although lake level appears to have remained relatively stable throughout the Holocene, minor (< 4.5 m below present) lowstands occurred at approximately 6400, 4700, 3800 and similar to 1600 cal. yr BP. The stability of Lake Fryxell during the Holocene contrasts with large-scale variability at other Dry Valleys lakes (eg, Lake Vanda) and with suggestions from chemical diffusion models of a near-desiccation at similar to 1200 cal. yr BP. The reason for the comparative stability of Lake Fryxell is uncertain, but may be the result of basin morphology and the number, aspect and proximity of meltwater sources. C1 [Whittaker, Thomas E.; Hendy, Chris H.] Univ Waikato, Dept Chem, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Whittaker, Thomas E.] Univ Waikato, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Hall, Brenda L.] Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Hall, Brenda L.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Spaulding, Sarah A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Whittaker, TE (reprint author), Univ Waikato, Dept Chem, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand. EM tew3@waikato.ac.nz NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD AUG PY 2008 VL 18 IS 5 BP 775 EP 786 DI 10.1177/0959683608091797 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 335FW UT WOS:000258277200010 ER PT J AU Nimmo, JR Perkins, KS AF Nimmo, John R. Perkins, Kim S. TI Effect of soil disturbance on recharging fluxes: case study on the Snake River Plain, Idaho National Laboratory, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE recharge; unsaturated zone; USA; waste disposal; hydraulic properties ID PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; FIELD PERFORMANCE; ROOTING DEPTH; POROUS-MEDIA; WATER; CONDUCTIVITY; TILLAGE; HYSTERESIS; RAINFALL AB Soil structural disturbance influences the downward flow of water that percolates deep enough to become aquifer recharge. Data from identical experiments in an undisturbed silt-loam soil and in an adjacent simulated waste trench composed of the same soil material, but disturbed, included (1) laboratory- and field-measured unsaturated hydraulic properties and (2) field-measured transient water content profiles through 24 h of ponded infiltration and 75 d of redistribution. In undisturbed soil, wetting fronts were highly diffuse above 2 m depth, and did not go much deeper than 2 m. Darcian analysis suggests an average recharge rate less than 2 mm/year. In disturbed soil, wetting fronts were sharp and initial infiltration slower; water moved slowly below 2 m without obvious impediment. Richards' equation simulations with realistic conditions predicted sharp wetting fronts, as observed for disturbed soil. Such simulations were adequate for undisturbed soil only if started from a post-initial moisture distribution that included about 3 h of infiltration. These late-started simulations remained good, however, through the 76 d of data. Overall results suggest the net effect of soil disturbance, although it reduces preferential flow, may be to increase recharge by disrupting layer contrasts. C1 [Nimmo, John R.; Perkins, Kim S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nimmo, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-421, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jrnimmo@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 16 IS 5 BP 829 EP 844 DI 10.1007/s10040-007-0261-2 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 330IB UT WOS:000257933100003 ER PT J AU Fishbaugh, KE Hvidberg, CS Beaty, D Clifford, S Fisher, D Haldemann, A Head, JW Hecht, M Koutnik, M Tanaka, K Ammann, WJ AF Fishbaugh, K. E. Hvidberg, C. S. Beaty, D. Clifford, S. Fisher, D. Haldemann, A. Head, J. W. Hecht, M. Koutnik, M. Tanaka, K. Ammann, W. J. TI Introduction to the 4th Mars Polar Science and Exploration Conference special issue: Five top questions in Mars polar science SO ICARUS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Mars, polar caps; Mars, polar geology; Mars, climate; ices ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; LOBATE DEBRIS APRONS; GLOBAL SURVEYOR DATA; SURFACE GROUND ICE; LAYERED DEPOSITS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NEAR-SURFACE; WATER ICE; GEOLOGIC HISTORY AB As an introduction to this Icarus special issue for the 4th Mars Polar Science and Exploration Conference, we discuss five key questions in Mars polar science, gleaned from plenary discussions and presentations held at the conference. These questions highlight major unknowns in the field. (1) What are the physical characteristics Of the polar layered deposits (PLD), and how are the different geologic units within, beneath, and surrounding the PLD related? (2) How old are the PLD? And what are their glacial, fluvial, depositional and erosional histories? (3) What are the mass and energy budgets of the PLD, and what processes control these budgets on seasonal and longer timescales? (4) What chronology, compositional variability, and record of climatic change is expressed in the stratigraphy of the PLD? (5) How have volatiles and dust been exchanged between polar and non-polar reservoirs? And how has this exchange affected the past and present distribution of surface and subsurface ice? Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Beaty, D.; Haldemann, A.; Hecht, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Fishbaugh, K. E.] ISSI, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Hvidberg, C. S.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Clifford, S.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77059 USA. [Fisher, D.] Geol Survey Canada, Glaciol Terrain Sci Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. [Haldemann, A.] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Head, J. W.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Koutnik, M.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Tanaka, K.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ammann, W. J.] Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanche Res, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. RP Fishbaugh, KE (reprint author), Smithsonian Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, MRC 315,601 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM fishbaughke@si.edu RI Hvidberg, Christine/E-8934-2015 OI Hvidberg, Christine/0000-0002-9665-1339 NR 145 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2008 VL 196 IS 2 BP 305 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.05.001 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331TK UT WOS:000258035300001 ER PT J AU Tanaka, KL Rodriguez, JAP Skinner, JA Bourke, MC Fortezzo, CM Herkenhoff, KE Kolb, EJ Okubo, CH AF Tanaka, Kenneth L. Rodriguez, J. Alexis P. Skinner, James A., Jr. Bourke, Mary C. Fortezzo, Corey M. Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. Kolb, Eric J. Okubo, Chris H. TI North polar region of Mars: Advances in stratigraphy, structure, and erosional modification SO ICARUS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploratio CY OCT 02-06, 2006 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND DE Mars; Mars, surfaces; Mars, polar caps; Mars, polar geology; Mars, climate ID ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; LAYERED DEPOSITS; MOLA DATA; GEOLOGIC HISTORY; OUTFLOW CHANNEL; ANCIENT OCEANS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER ICE; SURFACE; MORPHOLOGY AB We have remapped the geology of the north polar plateau on Mars, Planum Boreum, and the surrounding plains of Vastitas Borealis using altimetry and image data along with thematic maps resulting from observations made by the Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Odyssey, Mars Express, and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft. New and revised geographic and geologic terminologies assist with effectively discussing the various features of this region. We identify 7 geologic units making up Planum Boreum and at least 3 for the circumpolar plains, which collectively span the entire Amazonian Period. The Planum Boreum units resolve at least 6 distinct depositional and 5 erosional episodes. The first major stage of activity includes the Early Amazonian (similar to 3 to 1 Ga) deposition (and subsequent erosion) of the thick (locally exceeding 1000 m) and evenly-layered Rupes Tenuis unit (ABrt), which ultimately formed approximately half of the base of Planum Boreum. As previously suggested, this unit may be sourced by materials derived from the nearby Scandia region, and we interpret that it may correlate with the deposits that regionally underlie pedestal craters in the surrounding lowland plains. The second major episode of activity during the Middle to Late Amazonian (similar to < 1 Ga) began with a section of dark, sand-rich and light-toned ice-rich irregularly-bedded sequences (Planum Boreum cavi unit, ABb(c)) along with deposition of evenly-bedded light-toned ice- and moderate-toned dust-rich layers (Planum Boreum I unit, ABb(1)). These units have transgressive and gradational stratigraphic relationships. Materials in Olympia Planum underlying the dunes of Olympia Undae are interpreted to consist mostly of the Planum Boreum cavi unit (ABbc). Planum Boreum materials were then deeply eroded to form spiral troughs, Chasma Boreale, and marginal scarps that define the major aspects of the polar plateau's current regional topography. Locally- to regionally-extensive (though vertically minor) episodes of deposition of evenly-bedded, light- and dark-toned layered materials and subsequent erosion of these materials persisted throughout the Late Amazonian. Sand saltation, including dune migration, is likely to account for much of the erosion of Planum Boreum, particularly at its margin, alluding to the lengthy sedimentological history of the circum-polar dune fields. Such erosion has been controlled largely by topographic effects on wind patterns and the variable resistance to erosion of materials (fresh and altered) and physiographic features. Some present-day dune fields may be hundreds of kilometers removed from possible sources along the margins of Planum Boreum, and dark materials, comprised of sand sheets, extend even farther downwind. These deposits also attest to the lengthy period of erosion following emplacement of the Planum Boreum I unit. We find no evidence for extensive glacial flow, topographic relaxation, or basal melting of Planum Boreum materials. However, minor development of normal faults and wrinkle ridges may suggest differential compaction of materials across buried scarps. Timing relations are poorly-defined mostly because resurfacing and other uncertainties prohibit precise determinations of surface impact crater densities. The majority of the stratigraphic record may predate the recent (<20 Ma) part of the orbitally-driven climate record that can be reliably calculated. Given the strong stratigraphic but loose temporal constraints of the north polar geologic record, a comparison of north and south polar stratigraphy permit a speculative scenario in which major Amazonian depositional and erosional episodes driven by global climate activity is plausible. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tanaka, Kenneth L.; Skinner, James A., Jr.; Fortezzo, Corey M.; Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Rodriguez, J. Alexis P.; Bourke, Mary C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Fortezzo, Corey M.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Kolb, Eric J.] Google Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Okubo, Chris H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Tanaka, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM ktanaka@usgs.gov RI Fortezzo, Corey/J-3768-2013; Skinner, James/M-7966-2014; Bourke, Mary/I-4387-2012 OI Bourke, Mary/0000-0002-0424-0322 NR 115 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2008 VL 196 IS 2 BP 318 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.01.021 PG 41 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331TK UT WOS:000258035300002 ER PT J AU Neish, CD Lorenz, RD Kirk, RL AF Neish, Catherine D. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kirk, Randolph L. TI Radar topography of domes on planetary surfaces SO ICARUS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploratio CY OCT 02-06, 2006 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND DE Venus, surface; Earth; Titan; volcanism; radar observations ID VENUSIAN PANCAKE DOMES; STEEP-SIDED DOMES; VISCOUS GRAVITY CURRENTS; CASSINI RADAR; TITANS SURFACE; EMPLACEMENT; SCATTERING; MAPPER; LAVA AB We investigate the possibility of measuring the heights and morphology of viscously emplaced domes using radar imagery. We accurately reproduce the known height and shape of a terrestrial salt dome, and estimate the heights of several venusian pancake domes to within a factor of two. The terrestrial salt dome is consistent with a Bingham flow, while the much larger venusian pancake domes are consistent with a Newtonian flow. Applying the same techniques to Ganesa Macula, a potential cryovolcanic dome on Titan, we estimate a height between 2.0-4.9 km. Additional factors such as variable roughness and composition might account for some of the discrepancies observed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Neish, Catherine D.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Kirk, Randolph L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Neish, CD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, 1629 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cdneish@lpl.arizona.edu RI Neish, Catherine/G-6321-2012; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2008 VL 196 IS 2 BP 552 EP 564 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.03.013 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331TK UT WOS:000258035300016 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Kwoun, OI AF Lu, Zhong Kwoun, Oh-ig TI Radarsat-1 and ERS InSAR analysis over southeastern coastal Louisiana: Implications for mapping water-level changes beneath swamp forests SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE forestry; hydrology; interferometry; scattering; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); vegetation; water ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SAR INTERFEROMETRY; FLOOD-PLAIN; COHERENCE; CLASSIFICATION; BACKSCATTERING; VEGETATION; RETRIEVAL; PATTERNS; WETLANDS AB Detailed analysis of C-band European Remote Sensing 1 and 2 (ERS-1/ERS-2) and Radarsat-1 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) imagery was conducted to study water-level changes of coastal wetlands of southeastern Louisiana. Radar backscattering and InSAR coherence suggest that the dominant radar backscattering mechanism for swamp forest and saline marsh is double-bounce backscattering, implying that InSAR images can be used to estimate water-level changes with unprecedented spatial details. On the one hand, InSAR images suggest that water-level changes over the study site can be dynamic and spatially heterogeneous and cannot be represented by readings from sparsely distributed gauge stations. On the other hand, InSAR phase measurements are disconnected by structures and other barriers and require absolute water-level measurements from gauge stations or other sources to convert InSAR phase values to absolute water-level changes. C1 [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Lu, Zhong] Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Kwoun, Oh-ig] US Geol Survey, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM lu@usgs.gov; okwoun@usgs.gov FU ESA [2853]; SAR; USGS Director Venture Capital Fund; USGS Eastern Region Venture Capital Fund; USGS Land Remote Sensing Program; NASA Solid Earth & Natural Hazards Program [SENH-0000-0229]; USGS [O3CRCN0001] FX ERS-1/ERS-2 SAR images are copyright 1992-1998 European Space Agency (ESA) and were provided by ESA via the Category-1 Project 2853. Radarsat-1 images are copyright 2002-2004 Canadian Space Agency and were provided by the Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF). The authors would like to thank ASF and ESA for their support in programming SAR data acquisitions and delivering data timely. The authors would also like to thank C. Swarzenski (USGS) for providing them the water-level readings at the gauge stations used in this paper, and E. Ramsey, S. Faulkner, and J. Barras (all from USGS) for helpful discussion regarding the wetland characteristics over the study area. This research was supported by funding from the USGS Director Venture Capital Fund, USGS Eastern Region Venture Capital Fund, USGS Land Remote Sensing Program, NASA Solid Earth & Natural Hazards Program (SENH-0000-0229), and USGS Contract O3CRCN0001. NR 48 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2008 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2167 EP 2184 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.917271 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 338GN UT WOS:000258494500001 ER PT J AU Rogozhin, EA Imaev, VS Smekalin, OP Schwartz, DP AF Rogozhin, E. A. Imaev, V. S. Smekalin, O. P. Schwartz, D. P. TI Tectonic position and geological manifestations of the Mogod (Central Mongolia), January 5, 1967, earthquake (a view after 40 years) SO IZVESTIYA-PHYSICS OF THE SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID EVENT AB The earthquake source, reaching the surface in the form of an extended system of faults, encompassed the N-S and NW-SE planes of two large faults near their juncture zone. A revised seismotectonic study of the system of coseismic ruptures performed after many years revealed a complex structure of primary coseismic ruptures in the juncture area of fault branches of different directions. In addition to the two major faults, the juncture zone consists of intersecting or parallel branches of both structural directions. The trench study and detailed mapping of the shallow structure of the seismic rupture characterizes it as a right-lateral-thrust fault on the N-S branch and a strike-slip-reverse fault on the NW-SE branch. Results of our paleoseismogeological study indicate that equally strong earthquakes are likely to have occurred in the same seismic source in the past (about 8000 and 160 years ago). C1 [Rogozhin, E. A.] Russian Acad Sci, Schmidt Inst Phys Earth, Moscow 123995, Russia. [Imaev, V. S.; Smekalin, O. P.] Russian Acad Sci, IEC, Siberian Branch, Irkutsk 664033, Russia. [Schwartz, D. P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rogozhin, EA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Schmidt Inst Phys Earth, Bolshaya Gruzinskaya Ul 10, Moscow 123995, Russia. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1069-3513 J9 IZV-PHYS SOLID EART+ JI Izv.-Phys. Solid Earth PD AUG PY 2008 VL 44 IS 8 BP 666 EP 677 DI 10.1134/S1069351308080065 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 332VZ UT WOS:000258112500006 ER PT J AU Horvath, A Wayman, WR Dean, JC Urbanyi, B Tiersch, TR Mims, SD Johnson, D Jenkins, JA AF Horvath, A. Wayman, W. R. Dean, J. C. Urbanyi, B. Tiersch, T. R. Mims, S. D. Johnson, D. Jenkins, J. A. TI Viability and fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved sperm from three North American acipenseriform species: a retrospective study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on the Biology of Fish Sperm CY AUG 29-31, 2007 CL Univ S Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Res Inst Fish Culture & Hydrobiol HO Univ S Bohemia Ceske Budejovice ID FLOW-CYTOMETRIC EVALUATION; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MITOCHONDRIAL ACTIVITY; MEMBRANE INTEGRITY; ACROSOME REACTION; SPERMATOZOA; STURGEON; CRYOPROTECTANTS; MOTILITY; FRESH AB Populations of sturgeon across the globe are threatened due to unregulated harvest and habitat loss, and the status varies among species across North America. Ready access to viable and functional sperm would contribute to recovery programmes for these species. In this study, we examined the motility, viability (cell membrane integrity) of cryopreserved sperm from three North American acipenseriform species and fertilizing capacity. Milt samples were collected from captive shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum), wild paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) and pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) and cryopreserved using combinations of Modified Tsvetkova's (MT) extender, Original Tsvetkova's extender, and modified Hanks' balanced salt solution, along with the cryoprotectants methanol (MeOH) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). A dual-staining technique using the fluorescent stains SYBR-14 and propidium, iodide was employed with flow cytometry to determine the percentages of spermatozoa that were viable by virtue of having intact membranes. The percentage of viable spermatozoa ranged from 5% to 12% in shortnose sturgeon, 30-59% in paddlefish, and 44-58% in pallid sturgeon. In the first experiment with shortnose sturgeon sperm, methanol allowed for higher values for dependent variables than did DMSO, and sperm viability generally correlated with post-thaw motility. However, fertilization rate, neurulation. or hatching rates were independent from these factors. In the second experiment with shortnose sturgeon, 5% MeOH combined with MT yielded higher values for all parameters tested than the other combinations: viability was correlated with motility, fertilization rate, and hatching rate. Overall, viability and post-thaw motility was not affected by the use of hyperosmotic extenders (OT) or cryoprotectants (DMSO), but their use decreased fertilization percentages. For paddlefish sperm (experiment 3), MT combined with 10% MeOH was clearly a good choice for cryopreservation; viability and motility results were correlated, but independent of fertilization. For pallid sturgeon sperm (experiment 4), NIT with 5-10% MeOH showed significantly higher sperm quality and fertilization parameters. Membrane integrity can be used as a predictor of fertilization by cryopreserved sperm.. however additional sperm quality parameters, supplementary to mlotility and membrane integrity, would be useful in the refining and optimizing cryopreservation protocols with acipenseriform sperm. C1 [Horvath, A.; Urbanyi, B.] Szent Istvan Univ, Dept Fish Culture, H-2103 Godollo, Hungary. [Wayman, W. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Warm Springs, GA USA. [Dean, J. C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natchitoches Natl Fish Hatchery, Natchitoches, LA USA. [Tiersch, T. R.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Aquaculture Res Stn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Mims, S. D.] Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY USA. [Johnson, D.] NWRC, IAP World Serv, Lafayette, LA USA. [Jenkins, J. A.] US Geol Survey, NWRC, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Horvath, A (reprint author), Szent Istvan Univ, Dept Fish Culture, Pater K U 1, H-2103 Godollo, Hungary. EM Horvath.Akos@mkk.szie.hu RI Horvath, Akos/F-8248-2013; Horvath, Akos/N-3946-2014 OI Horvath, Akos/0000-0001-9760-2478 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 443 EP 449 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01134.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 337TM UT WOS:000258458400015 ER PT J AU Lieb, DA Carline, RF Rosenberger, JL Mengel, VM AF Lieb, David A. Carline, Robert F. Rosenberger, James L. Mengel, V. Malissa TI The discovery and ecology of a member of the Cambarus acuminatus complex (Decapoda : Cambaridae) in Valley Creek, southeastern Pennsylvania SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cambarus acuminatus; conservation; crayfish; distribution; habitat; life history ID CRAYFISH AUSTROPOTAMOBIUS-PALLIPES; STREAM-DWELLING CRAYFISH; NORTH-CAROLINA; HABITAT USE; LIFE-HISTORIES; HEADWATER STREAM; RIVER DRAINAGE; BODY-SIZE; POPULATIONS; MISSOURI AB The Cambarus acuminatus complex is a poorly known group of crayfish species whose range has traditionally been assumed to extend from the Patapsco River drainage in Maryland southward to the Saluda River basin in South Carolina. During a recent crayfish survey of southeastern Pennsylvania, we collected a member of the C. acuminatus complex [Cambarus (Puncticambarus) sp.] from Valley Creek. Collections were made from several habitats [pools, riffles, shallow lateral areas (SL), main-channel areas (MC)], and dominant substrate classes, current velocity, and depth were recorded in each sampling area. These collections represent a new crayfish record for Pennsylvania and the first documented occurrence of the C. acuminatus complex north of the Patapsco drainage. Life history characteristics of the population of C. (P.) sp. inhabiting Valley Creek are provided and their variation among habitats and seasons is discussed. In pools, C. (P.) sp. density was negatively related to current velocity, depth, and % sand, and positively related to % silt. In riffles, C. (P.) sp. density was negatively related to current velocity. Comparisons among habitats indicated that C. (P.) sp. was abundant in SL but was scarce in MC. Although MC tended to have faster current, greater depth, more sand, and less silt than SL, other factors could have been responsible for the relative scarcity of C. (P.) sp. in MC. More conclusively, there was a positive relationship between C. (P.) sp. density and % cobble in MC of pools, suggesting that activities such as urbanization that result in sediment deposition and burial of rocky substrates may have a negative effect on density in MC. Since MC are important for large, reproductive individuals, reduced density in these areas may affect the reproductive potential of the population. These findings indicate that Valley Creek supports an unusual and potentially threatened crayfish population that requires further study and highlight the need for additional fieldwork in the region. C1 [Lieb, David A.] Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Degree Program Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Carline, Robert F.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS Biol Resources Div, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rosenberger, James L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mengel, V. Malissa] Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Lieb, DA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Degree Program Ecol, 435 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dal105@psu.edu; f7u@psu.edu; jlr@psu.edu; vmmengel21@tntech.edu NR 79 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 439 EP 450 DI 10.1651/07-2877R.1 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 329UQ UT WOS:000257896500002 ER PT J AU Ridge, J Simon, TP Karns, D Robb, J AF Ridge, Justin Simon, Thomas P. Karns, Daryl Robb, Joseph TI Comparison of three burrowing crayfish capture methods based on relationships with species morphology, seasonality, and habitat quality SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE burrowing crayfish; burrowing ecology; capture methods; morphometrics ID CAMBARIDAE; DECAPODA AB Three techniques used to capture burrowing crayfish were compared for efficiency and efficacy near Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge. Excavation of burrows, Norrocky burrowing crayfish trap (NBCT), and burrowing crayfish mist nets (BCN) were simultaneously compared for capture efficiency and trap efficacy. Additional research goals were to evaluate patterns in capture rates with changes in seasonal activity, influence of burrow diameter size to capture success, relationships between differences in morphological characteristics of species and capture success, and capture success and habitat quality. Excavation caught significantly more burrowing crayfish than the other two methods (40.7%), but the NBCT (5.2%) was not significantly different from the BCN (4.5%) in trap efficiency. The relative percent efficacy success adjusted for effort of-each method was 2.61% for the NBCT and 2.24% for the BCN. Positive correlations between habitat quality and increasing NBCT (r(s) = 0.414, P = 0.023) and increasing BCN (r(s) = 0.447, P = 0.013) trap efficiency success were found. while no significant linear relationship (r(s) = -0.134, P = 0.479) was observed between the Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index score for habitat quality and excavation success. No significant correlation was observed between NBCT (r(s) = -0.273, P = 0.144) or BCN (r(s) = -0.286, P = 0.125) and annual date; however, a significant linear relationship was observed for excavation (r(s) = -0.372, P = 0.043) and annual date of collection. Individuals of Cambarus (Tubericambarus) polychromatus and Cambarus (Lacunicambarus) species "A" that were collected were significantly different in size; however, this was not a result of gear bias. A positive correlation was observed between C. polychromatus size and habitat quality indicating longer lived individuals occur in higher quality habitats. C1 [Simon, Thomas P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. [Ridge, Justin; Karns, Daryl] Hanover Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Madison, IN 47243 USA. [Robb, Joseph] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Madison, IN 47250 USA. RP Simon, TP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 620 S Walker St, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. EM thomas_simon@fws.gov RI Simon, Thomas/B-4075-2012; OI Simon, Thomas/0000-0003-4393-4703 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 466 EP 472 DI 10.1651/07-2886R.1 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 329UQ UT WOS:000257896500005 ER PT J AU Shrestha, MS Artan, GA Bajracharya, SR Sharma, RR AF Shrestha, M. S. Artan, G. A. Bajracharya, S. R. Sharma, R. R. TI Using satellite-based rainfall estimates for streamflow modelling: Bagmati Basin SO JOURNAL OF FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Floods; GeoSFM streamflow modelling; Nepal; satellite rainfall estimate AB In this study, we have described a hydrologic modelling system that uses satellite-based rainfall estimates and weather forecast data for the Bagmati River Basin of Nepal. The hydrologic model described is the US Geological Survey (USGS) Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM). The GeoSFM is a spatially semidistributed, physically based hydrologic model. We have used the GeoSFM to estimate the streamflow of the Bagmati Basin at Pandhera Dovan hydrometric station. To determine the hydrologic connectivity, we have used the USGS Hydro1k DEM dataset. The model was forced by daily estimates of rainfall and evapotranspiration derived from weather model data. The rainfall estimates used for the modelling are those produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Prediction Centre and observed at ground rain gauge stations. The model parameters were estimated from globally available soil and land cover datasets - the Digital Soil Map of the World by FAO and the USGS Global Land Cover dataset. The model predicted the daily streamflow at Pandhera Dovan gauging station. The comparison of the simulated and observed flows at Pandhera Dovan showed that the GeoSFM model performed well in simulating the flows of the Bagmati Basin. C1 [Shrestha, M. S.; Bajracharya, S. R.] Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Artan, G. A.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, SAIC Contractor, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Sharma, R. R.] Dept Hydrol & Meteorol, Kathmandu, Nepal. RP Shrestha, MS (reprint author), Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev, GPO Box 3226, Kathmandu, Nepal. EM mshrestha@icimod.org FU USAID/OFDA FX This study is part of the regional project on 'Application of Satellite Rainfall Estimates in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan region'. The financial support of USAID/OFDA is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank the DHM for providing the discharge and rainfall data and NOAA/USGS for the technical support. The authors also thank the ICIMOD and the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University. NR 24 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1753-318X J9 J FLOOD RISK MANAG JI J. Flood Risk Manag. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 89 EP 99 DI 10.1111/j.1753-318X.2008.00011.x PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA V13GT UT WOS:000207656000004 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Wolock, DM AF McCabe, Gregory J. Wolock, David M. TI Joint variability of global runoff and global sea surface temperatures SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; WATER-BALANCE; MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATIONS; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; SOLAR-CYCLE; RIVER FLOWS; EL-NINO AB Global land surface runoff and sea surface temperatures (SST) are analyzed to identify the primary modes of variability of these hydroclimatic data for the period 1905-2002. A monthly water-balance model first is used with global monthly temperature and precipitation data to compute time series of annual gridded runoff for the analysis period. The annual runoff time series data are combined with gridded annual sea surface temperature data, and the combined dataset is subjected to a principal components analysis (PCA) to identify the primary modes of variability. The first three components from the PCA explain 29% of the total variability in the combined runoff/SST dataset. The first component explains 15% of the total variance and primarily represents long-term trends in the data. The long-term trends in SSTs are evident as warming in all of the oceans. The associated long-term trends in runoff suggest increasing flows for parts of North America, South America, Eurasia, and Australia; decreasing runoff is most notable in western Africa. The second principal component explains 9% of the total variance and reflects variability of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its associated influence on global annual runoff patterns. The third component explains 5% of the total variance and indicates a response of global annual runoff to variability in North Atlantic SSTs. The association between runoff and North Atlantic SSTs may explain an apparent steplike change in runoff that occurred around 1970 for a number of continental regions. C1 [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wolock, David M.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gmccabe@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 9 IS 4 BP 816 EP 824 DI 10.1175/2008JHM943.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 337QQ UT WOS:000258451000014 ER PT J AU Smith, SJ Leslie, DM Hamilton, MJ Lack, JB Van Den Bussche, RA AF Smith, Stephanie. J. Leslie, David M., Jr. Hamilton, Meredith J. Lack, Justin B. Van Den Bussche, Ronald A. TI Subspecific affinities and conservation genetics of western big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) at the edge of their distributional range SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE big-eared bat; Corynorhimus; microsatellites; mitochondrial DNA conservation; Oklahoma; phylogeography ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; SPECIES MYOTIS-MYOTIS; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; PLECOTUS-TOWNSENDII; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; HABITAT USE; RHINOLOPHUS-FERRUMEQUINUM; POPULATION BOTTLENECKS; COALESCENT APPROACH; FORAGING ACTIVITY AB Subspecific affinites, determination of population boundaries, and levels of population connectedness are of critical importance for the development of management and conservation planning. We used variation at a mitochondrial locus and 5 biparentally inherited nuclear loci to determine partitioning of genetic variation of western big-cared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii) within and among caves occurring in a fragmented landscape of gypsum deposits in western Oklahoma. To accomplish this objective, we first performed a phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial locus of western big-eared bats from a large portion of their range. This analysis indicated that western big-eared bats at the periphery of the distribution in western Oklahoma share phylogenetic affinites with the most geographically restricted subspecies, C. t. pallescens. Because C, townsendii is rare in Oklahoma and is listed as a species of special in Oklahoma. Within western Oklahoma, we failed to detect significant differentiation among any caves for the biparentally inherited microsatellite data. However, the mitochondrial locus exhibited significant levels of genetic differentiation among caves, with the highest level of differentiation occurring between caves within the disjunct distributions of gypsum (Phi(ST) = 38.76%). Although a significant amount of genetic differentiation was detected between populations on the 2 disjunct distributions of gypsum deposits, Analysis with the program Migrate suggested high levels of asymmetric gene flow among some populations. Our results provide a greater understanding of the population dynamics of western big-cared bats on the periphery of their range and highlight the importance of continued monitoring and study of this taxon. C1 [Smith, Stephanie. J.; Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma Agr Exptl Stn, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Smith, Stephanie. J.; Hamilton, Meredith J.; Lack, Justin B.; Van Den Bussche, Ronald A.] Oklahoma Agr Exptl Stn, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Van Den Bussche, RA (reprint author), Oklahoma Agr Exptl Stn, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM ron.van_den_bussche@okstate.edu FU Veterans Affairs Department of Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment; Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment, Oklahoma City; he Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Oklahoma Stale University; United States Geological Survey; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank the Veterans Affairs Department of Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment for funding this research and D. Jackson, Director Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment. Oklahoma City. The Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. Oklahoma Stale University. United States Geological Survey, United States Fish and Wildlife Service. and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating) provided additional funding. We thank private landowners bind park managers for access to their land, especially C. and G. Inman. Finally. we thank R. Froese, K. Phelps, and R. Allison for field assistance and S. Davis and S. Weyandt for assistance in the laboratory. NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 89 IS 4 BP 799 EP 814 DI 10.1644/06-MAMM-A-279.1 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 342DO UT WOS:000258765000001 ER PT J AU Hechinger, RF Lafferty, KD Kuris, AM AF Hechinger, Ryan F. Lafferty, Kevin D. Kuris, Armand M. TI Trematodes indicate animal biodiversity in the Chilean intertidal and Lake Tanganyika SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SNAIL INTERMEDIATE HOSTS; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; LARVAL TREMATODES; SALT MARSHES; FOOD WEBS; PARASITES; DIVERSITY; RATES AB Trematode communities in populations of estuarine snails can reflect surrounding animal diversity, abundance, and trophic interactions. We know less about the potential for trematodes to serve its bioindicators in other habitats. Here, we reanalyze data from 2 published studies concerning trematodes, 1 in the Chilean rocky intertidal zone and the other fiom the East African rift take. Lake Tanganyika. Our analyses indicate that trematodes are more common in protected areas and that in both habitats they are directly and positively related 10 surrounding host abundance. This further Supports the notion that trematodes in first intermediate hosts can serve as bioindicators of the condition of free-living animal communities in diverse ecosystems.. C1 [Hechinger, Ryan F.; Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hechinger, Ryan F.; Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Hechinger, RF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM hechinger@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; Hechinger, Ryan/F-6754-2010 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; FU U.S. NIH/NSF Ecology of Infectious Disease [DEB-0224565]; U.S. EPA's STAR EaGLe [R-88286760] FX We are grateful to P. B. McIntyre, E, Michel, and G. Loot for sharing information and providing very useful comments on this Manuscript. N. Talhouk also provided helpful comments. This manuscript benefited front financial Support from the U.S. NIH/NSF Ecology of Infectious Disease program (DEB-0224565) and from the U.S. EPA's STAR EaGLe program (through funding to the Pacific Estuarine Ecosystem Indicator Research Consortium [R-88286760]). It has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 94 IS 4 BP 966 EP 968 DI 10.1645/GE-1381.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 344OY UT WOS:000258938400035 PM 18576749 ER PT J AU MacDonald, R Belkin, HE Fitton, JG Rogers, NW Nejbert, K Tindle, AG Marshall, AS AF MacDonald, R. Belkin, H. E. Fitton, J. G. Rogers, N. W. Nejbert, K. Tindle, A. G. Marshall, A. S. TI The roles of fractional crystallization, magma mixing, crystal mush remobilization and volatile-melt interactions in the genesis of a young basalt-peralkaline rhyolite suite, the Greater Olkaria Volcanic Complex, Kenya rift valley SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE alkali basalt; geochemistry; magma mixing; trace element ID CALDERA-FORMING ERUPTIONS; U-TH DISEQUILIBRIUM; NEW-ZEALAND; TRACE-ELEMENT; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; CRATER LAKE; LONG VALLEY; EVOLUTION; FIELD; REJUVENATION AB The Greater Olkaria Volcanic Complex is a young (<= 20 ka) multi-centred lava and dome field dominated by the eruption of peralkaline rhyolites. Basaltic and trachytic magmas have been erupted peripherally to the complex and also form, with mugearites and benmoreites, an extensive suite of magmatic inclusions in the rhyolites. The eruptive rocks commonly represent mixed magmas and the magmatic inclusions are themselves two-, three- or four-component mixes. All rock types may carry xenocrysts of alkali feldspar, and less commonly plagioclase, derived from magma mixing and by remobilization of crystal mushes and/or plutonic rocks. Xenoliths in the range gabbro-syenite are common in the lavas and magmatic inclusions, the more salic varieties sometimes containing silicic glass representing partial melts and ranging in composition from anorthite +/- corundum- to acmite-normative. The peralkaline varieties are broadly similar, in major element terms, to the eruptive peralkaline rhyolites. The basalt-trachyte suite formed by a combination of fractional crystallization, magma mixing and resorption of earlier-formed crystals. Matrix glass in metaluminous trachytes has a peralkaline rhyolitic composition, indicating that the eruptive rhyolites may have formed by fractional crystallization of trachyte. Anomalous trace element enrichments (e.g. similar to 2000 ppm Y in a benmoreite) and negative Ce anomalies may have resulted from various Na- and K-enriched fluids evolving from melts of intermediate composition and either being lost from the system or enriched in other parts of the reservoirs. A small group of nepheline-normative, usually peralkaline, magmatic inclusions was formed by fluid transfer between peralkaline rhyolitic and benmoreitic magmas. The plumbing system of the complex consists of several independent reservoirs and conduits, repeatedly recharged by batches of mafic magma, with ubiquitous magma mixing. C1 [MacDonald, R.; Marshall, A. S.] Univ Lancaster, Ctr Environm, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [MacDonald, R.; Nejbert, K.] Univ Warsaw, Inst Geochem Mineral & Petrol, PL-02089 Warsaw, Poland. [Belkin, H. E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Fitton, J. G.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. [Rogers, N. W.; Tindle, A. G.] Open Univ, Dept Earth Sci, CESPAR, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP MacDonald, R (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Ctr Environm, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. EM r.macdonald@lancaster.ac.uk RI Rogers, Nick/A-5870-2009; tindle, andrew/C-6846-2009; Nejbert, Krzysztof/C-3044-2015; OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 62 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 8 BP 1515 EP 1547 DI 10.1093/petrology/egn036 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 333HN UT WOS:000258143700005 ER PT J AU Starliper, CE AF Starliper, Clifford E. TI Recovery of a fish pathogenic bacterium, Aeromonas salmonicida, from ebonyshell mussels Fusconaia ebena using nondestructive sample collection procedures SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mussels; diseases; pathogens; prevention; tissue; sample; collection; nondestructive; nonlethal ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA; MYTILUS-EDULIS; UNITED-STATES; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA; TRANSMISSION; DEPURATION; QUARANTINE; TISSUE AB Refugia are increasingly being used to maintain and propagate freshwater mussels for future population augmentations. Success for this endeavor is dependent on good husbandry, including a holistic program of resource health management. A significant aspect to optimal health is the prevention or control of infectious diseases. Describing and monitoring pathogens and diseases in mussels involves examination of tissues or samples collected from an appropriate number of individuals that satisfies a certain confidence level for expected prevalences of infections. In the present study, ebonyshell mussels Fusconaia Mena were infected with a fish pathogenic bacterium, Aeromonas salmonicida, through their cohabitation with diseased brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis. At a 100% prevalence of infection, the F. ebena were removed from the cohabitation tank to clean tanks that were supplied with pathogen-free water, which initiated their depuration of A. salmonicida. Three samples (nondestructive fluid, mantle, hemolymph) collected using nondestructive procedures were compared with fluids and soft tissue homogenates collected after sacrificing the mussels for recovery of the bacterium during this period of depuration. Nondestructive sample Collections, especially ND fluid, provide a comparable alternative to sacrificing mussels to determine pathogen status. C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Biol Res Div, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Starliper, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Biol Res Div, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM cstarliper@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 775 EP 782 DI 10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[775:ROAFPB]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000013 ER PT J AU Neves, R Dan, H Jones, J Henley, W AF Neves, Richard Dan, Hua Jones, Jess Henley, William TI Restoration of endangered mussels in the United States SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Neves, Richard; Dan, Hua; Henley, William] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Jones, Jess] Virginia Tech, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1036 EP 1036 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000222 ER PT J AU La Peyre, M Gossman, B La Peyre, JF AF La Peyre, Megan Gossman, Bryan La Peyre, Jerome F. TI Effects of freshwater diversions: An experimental determination of the effects of freshets on the oyster parasite, Perkinsus marinus SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [La Peyre, Megan] Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [La Peyre, Jerome F.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1041 EP 1041 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000242 ER PT J AU Piehler, LAM La Peyre, M Gossman, B Piazza, B La Peyre, J AF Piehler, L. A. Mason La Peyre, Megan Gossman, Bryan Piazza, Bryan La Peyre, Jerome TI Oyster recruiment and growth on an artificial reef structure in grand isle, la SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Piehler, L. A. Mason; Gossman, Bryan; Piazza, Bryan] LSU, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [La Peyre, Megan] LSU Agr Ctr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, USGS Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [La Peyre, Jerome] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1042 EP 1042 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000243 ER PT J AU Senay, GB Verdin, JP Lietzow, R Melesse, AM AF Senay, G. B. Verdin, J. P. Lietzow, R. Melesse, A. M. TI Global daily reference evapotranspiration modeling and evaluation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE reference ET; GDAS; global; evaluation AB Accurate and reliable evapotranspiration (ET) datasets are crucial in regional water and energy balance studies. Due to the complex instrumentation requirements, actual ET values are generally estimated from reference ET values by adjustment factors using coefficients for water stress and vegetation conditions, commonly referred to as crop coefficients. Until recently, the modeling of reference ET has been solely based on important weather variables collected from weather stations that are generally located in selected agro-climatic locations. Since 2001, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) has been producing six-hourly climate parameter datasets that are used to calculate daily reference ET for the whole globe at 1-degree spatial resolution. The U.S. Geological Survey Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science has been producing daily reference ET (ETo) since 2001, and it has been used on a variety of operational hydrological models for drought and streamflow monitoring all over the world. With the increasing availability of local station-based reference ET estimates, we evaluated the GDAS-based reference ET estimates using data from the California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS). Daily CIMIS reference ET estimates from 85 stations were compared with GDAS-based reference ET at different spatial and temporal scales using five-year daily data from 2002 through 2006. Despite the large difference in spatial scale (point us. similar to 100 km grid cell) between the two datasets, the correlations between station-based ET and GDAS-ET were very high, exceeding 0.97 on a daily basis to more than 0.99 on time scales of more than 10 days. Both the temporal and spatial correspondences in trend/pattern and magnitudes between the two datasets were satisfactory, suggesting the reliability of using GDAS parameter-based reference ET for regional water and energy balance studies in many parts of the world. While the study revealed the potential of GDAS ETo for large-scale hydrological applications, site-specific use of GDAS ETo in complex hydro-climatic regions such as coastal areas and rugged terrain may require the application of bias correction and/or disaggregation of the GDAS ETo using downscaling techniques. C1 [Senay, G. B.] S Dakota State Univ, GIScCE, EROS Ctr, USGS,SAIC, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Lietzow, R.] SAIC USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Melesse, A. M.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Senay, GB (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, GIScCE, EROS Ctr, USGS,SAIC, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM senay@usgs.gov RI Melesse, Assefa/F-9931-2013 OI Melesse, Assefa/0000-0003-4724-9367 NR 16 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 969 EP 979 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00195.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 338VA UT WOS:000258536300013 ER PT J AU Diefenbach, DR Long, ES Rosenberry, CS Wallingford, BD Smith, DR AF Diefenbach, Duane R. Long, Eric S. Rosenberry, Christopher S. Wallingford, Bret D. Smith, David R. TI Modeling distribution of dispersal distances in male white-tailed deer SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE dispersal; forest cover; log-normal distribution; modeling; Odocoileus virginianus; white-tailed deer ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; NATAL DISPERSAL; NEW-ZEALAND; POPULATIONS; MORTALITY; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; EMIGRATION; SURVIVAL AB Dispersal distances and their distribution pattern are important to understanding such phenomena as disease spread and gene flow, but oftentimes dispersal characteristics are modeled as a fixed trait for a given species. We found that dispersal distributions differ for spring and autumn dispersals of yearling male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) but that combined data can be adequately modeled based on a log-normal distribution. We modeled distribution of dispersal distances from 3 distinct populations in Pennsylvania and Maryland, USA, based on the relationship between percent forest cover and mean dispersal distance and the relationship between mean and variance of dispersal distances. Our results suggest distributions of distances for dispersing yearling male white-tailed deer can be modeled by simply measuring a readily obtained landscape metric, percent forest cover, which could be used to create generalized spatially explicit disease or gene flow models. C1 [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rosenberry, Christopher S.; Wallingford, Bret D.] Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. [Smith, David R.] Leetown Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Diefenbach, DR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ddiefenbach@psu.edu NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1296 EP 1303 DI 10.2193/2007-436 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 336GW UT WOS:000258353300003 ER PT J AU Green, AW Krementz, DG AF Green, Adam W. Krementz, David G. TI Mallard harvest distributions in the Mississippi and Central Flyways SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE platyrhynchos; band recovery; Central Flyway; harvest; hunter satisfaction; mallard; Mississippi Flyway; wing receipt ID BAND REPORTING RATES; MIDWINTER WATERFOWL INVENTORY; HOME-RANGE; ATLANTIC FLYWAY AB The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the most harvested duck in North America. A topic of debate among hunters, especially those in Arkansas, USA, is whether wintering distributions of mallards have changed in recent years. We examined distributions of mallards in the Mississippi (MF) and Central Flyways during hunting seasons 1980-2003 to determine if and why harvest distributions changed. We used Geographic Information Systems to analyze spatial distributions of band recoveries and harvest estimated using data from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Parts Collection Survey. Mean latitudes of band recoveries and harvest estimates showed no significant trends across the study period. Despite slight increases in band recoveries and harvest on the peripheries of kernel density estimates, most harvest occurred in eastern Arkansas and northwestern Mississippi, USA, in all years. We found no evidence for changes in the harvest distributions of mallards. We believe that the late 1990s were years of exceptionally high harvest in the lower MF and that slight shifts northward since 2000 reflect a return to harvest distributions similar to those of the early 1980s. Our results provide biologists with possible explanations to hunter concerns of fewer mallards available for harvest. C1 [Green, Adam W.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Krementz, David G.] Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Green, AW (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM agreen@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1328 EP 1334 DI 10.2193/2007-028 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 336GW UT WOS:000258353300008 ER PT J AU Kross, JP Kaminski, RM Reinecke, KJ Pearse, AT AF Kross, Jennifer P. Kaminski, Richard M. Reinecke, Kenneth J. Pearse, Aaron T. TI Conserving waste rice for wintering waterfowl in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE agriculture; burning; foraging-habitat management; Mississippi Alluvial Valley; rice; waste grain; waterfowl; winter ID WETLANDS; RESPONSES; HABITAT AB Rice lost before or during harvest operations (hereafter waste rice) provides important food for waterfowl in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA, but >70% of waste rice is lost during autumn. We conducted experiments in 19 production rice fields in Arkansas and Mississippi during autumns 2003 and 2004 to evaluate the ability of common postharvest practices (i.e., burn, mow, roll, disk, or standing stubble) to conserve waste rice. We detected a postharvest treatment effect and a positive effect of initial abundance of waste rice on lateautumn abundance of waste rice (P <= 0.022)., Standing stubble contained the greatest abundance of waste rice followed by burned, mowed, rolled, and disked stubble. We recommend standing stubble or burning to maximize waste rice abundance for wintering waterfowl. C1 [Kross, Jennifer P.; Kaminski, Richard M.; Pearse, Aaron T.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Reinecke, Kenneth J.] Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kross, JP (reprint author), Ducks Unlimited Inc, 2525 River Rd, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. EM jkross@ducks.org OI Pearse, Aaron/0000-0002-6137-1556 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1383 EP 1387 DI 10.2193/2007-226 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 336GW UT WOS:000258353300015 ER PT J AU Pearse, AT Dinsmore, SJ Kaminski, RM Reinecke, KJ AF Pearse, Aaron T. Dinsmore, Stephen J. Kaminski, Richard M. Reinecke, Kenneth J. TI Evaluation of an aerial survey to estimate abundance of wintering ducks in Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; aerial survey; Anatidae; design-based sampling; duck; Mississippi; population monitoring; waterfowl; winter ID MIDWINTER WATERFOWL INVENTORY; ATLANTIC FLYWAY; VISIBILITY BIAS; UNCERTAINTY; MANAGEMENT; MALLARDS; HARVESTS AB Researchers have successfully designed aerial surveys that provided precise estimates of wintering populations of ducks over large physiographic regions, yet few conservation agencies have adopted these probability-based sampling designs for their surveys. We designed and evaluated an aerial survey to estimate abundance of wintering mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), dabbling ducks (tribe Anatini) other than mallards, diving ducks (tribes Aythini, Mergini, and Oxyurini), and total ducks in western Mississippi, USA. We used design-based sampling of fixed width transects to estimate population indices (I), and we used model-based methods to correct population indices for visibility bias and estimate population abundance (N) for 14 surveys during winters 2002-2004. Correcting for bias increased estimates of mallards, other dabbling ducks, and diving ducks by an average of 40-48% among all surveys and contributed 48-61% of the estimated variance of N. However, mean-squared errors were consistently less for N than I. Estimates of N met our goals for precision (CV <= 15%) in 7 of 14 surveys for mallards, 5 surveys for other dabbling ducks, no surveys for diving ducks, and 10 surveys for total ducks. Generally, we estimated more mallards and other dabbling ducks in mid- and late winter (Jan-Feb) than early winter (Nov-Dec) and determined that population indices from the late 1980s were nearly 3 times greater than those from our study. We developed a method to display relative densities of ducks spatially as an additional application of survey data. Our study advanced methods of estimating abundance of wintering waterfowl, and we recommend this design for continued monitoring of wintering ducks in western Mississippi and similar physiographic regions. C1 [Pearse, Aaron T.; Dinsmore, Stephen J.; Kaminski, Richard M.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Reinecke, Kenneth J.] Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Pearse, AT (reprint author), No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM apearse@usgs.gov OI Pearse, Aaron/0000-0002-6137-1556 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1413 EP 1419 DI 10.2193/2007-471 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 336GW UT WOS:000258353300020 ER PT J AU Leslie, DM Bowyer, RT Jenks, JA AF Leslie, David M., Jr. Bowyer, R. Terry Jenks, Jonathan A. TI Facts from feces: Nitrogen still measures up as a nutritional index for mammalian herbivores SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE fecal index; fecal nitrogen; mammalian herbivores; nutritional ecology; nutritional index; plant secondary compounds; ruminants; tannins; ungulates ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; SOUTH-AFRICAN SAVANNA; DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP; ELK CERVUS-ELAPHUS; FECAL NITROGEN; DIET QUALITY; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; MULE DEER; SIKA-DEER; FORAGE QUALITY AB Fecal nitrogen (FN) has been applied widely as an index of dietary quality in studies of nutritional ecology of free-ranging and captive vertebrate herbivores, particularly ruminants. Three related articles in the Journal of Wildlife Management (JWM; Leslie and Starkey 1985, 1987; Hobbs 1987) have been cited (n = 150) in 87 publications and 39 peer-reviewed journals. The critique by Hobbs (1987) and the reply by Leslie and Starkey (1987) on limitations and appropriate applications of FN have been used to justify use of FN or negate its value as a nutritional proxy. We undertook a retrospective analysis of FN applications since 1985, largely because we sensed that methodological cautions noted in the 3 JWM publications were not being followed, leading to faulty conclusions and management applications, and that application protocols needed updating. From January 1986 through July 2007, the 107 species-by-continent applications of FN, citing the 3 JWM publications singly or in any combination, were diverse; FN was used in various ways on 5 continents and for 50 wild and domestic species. Cumulative rates of departure from recommended FN applications increased in recent years, largely in studies that compare different species while failing to fully acknowledge that differences likely reflected digestive capabilities rather than differences in some aspect of dietary intake. Post-1985 research on plant secondary compounds (e.g., tannins) has refined limitations-to the application of FN, permitting more straightforward protocols than were possible in 1985. Although use does not necessarily reflect value, the number of published applications during the past 22 years indicates that peer reviewers from a variety of scientific disciplines view FN as a suitable proxy for nutritional status, which can be used to contrast study units when carefully defined by the study design. Any index can have shortcomings, and there are still circumstances when application of FN is problematic. Precise prediction of intake with FN under field conditions is still hampered by inherent variability, but contrasts of comparable study units and species can be appropriate. Published protocols for FN, as amended herein, should be adhered to, and conclusions are strengthened by the use of multiple nutritional indices. C1 [Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Bowyer, R. Terry] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Jenks, Jonathan A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Leslie, DM (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM cleslie@usgs.gov RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009 NR 144 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 50 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1420 EP 1433 DI 10.2193/2007-404 PG 14 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 336GW UT WOS:000258353300021 ER PT J AU Benevides, FL Hansen, H Hess, SC AF Benevides, Francis L., Jr. Hansen, Heidi Hess, Steven C. TI Design and evaluation of a simple signaling device for live traps SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE endangered species; Hawai'i; live trap; nontarget species; trap-signaling device; vertebrate pest control AB Frequent checks of live traps require enormous amounts of labor and add human scents associated with repeated monitoring, which may reduce capture efficiency. To reduce efforts and increase efficiency, we developed a trap-signaling device with long-distance reception, durability in adverse weather, and ease of transport, deployment, and use. Modifications from previous designs include a normally open magnetic switch and a mounting configuration to maximize reception. The system weighed <225 g, was effective <= 17.1 km, and failed in <1% of trap-nights. Employing this system, researchers and wildlife managers may reduce the amount of effort checking traps while improving the welfare of trapped animals. C1 [Benevides, Francis L., Jr.] FB Engn, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Hawaii, Pacific Aquaculture & Coastal Resources Ctr, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit,Kilauea Field Stn, US Geol Survey,Pacific Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Benevides, FL (reprint author), FB Engn, POB 5023, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM steve_hess@usgs.gov OI Benevides, Francis/0000-0002-6767-7919 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1434 EP 1436 DI 10.2193/2006-519 PG 3 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 336GW UT WOS:000258353300022 ER PT J AU Harp, EL Reid, ME Godt, JW DeGraff, JV Gallegos, AJ AF Harp, Edwin L. Reid, Mark E. Godt, Jonathan W. DeGraff, Jerome V. Gallegos, Alan J. TI Ferguson rock slide buries California State Highway near Yosemite National Park SO LANDSLIDES LA English DT Article DE rock slide; Yosemite National Park; monitoring; GPS data; hazard ID HAPPY ISLES AB During spring 2006, talus from the toe area of a rockblock slide of about 800,000 m(3) buried California State Highway 140, one of the main routes into heavily-visited Yosemite National Park, USA. Closure of the highway for 92 days caused business losses of about 4.8 million USD. The rock slide, composed of slate and phyllite, moved slowly downslope from April to June 2006, creating a fresh head scarp with 9-12 m of displacement. Movement of the main rock slide, a re-activation of an older slide, was triggered by an exceptionally wet spring 2006, following a very wet spring 2005. As of autumn 2006, most of the main slide appeared to be at rest, although rocks occasionally continued to fall from steep, fractured rock masses at the toe area of the slide. Future behavior of the slide is difficult to predict, but possible scenarios range from continued scattered rock fall to complete rapid failure of the entire mass. Although unlikely except under very destabilizing circumstances, a worst-case, rapid failure of the entire rock slide could extend across the Merced River, damming the river and creating a reservoir. As a temporary measure, traffic has been rerouted to the opposite side of the Merced River at about the same elevation as the buried section of Highway 140. A state-of-the-art monitoring system has been installed to detect movement in the steep talus slope, movement of the main slide mass, local strong ground motion from regional earthquakes, and sudden changes in stream levels, possibly indicating damming of the river by slide material. C1 [Harp, Edwin L.; Godt, Jonathan W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Reid, Mark E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [DeGraff, Jerome V.; Gallegos, Alan J.] US Forest Serv, Vallejo, CA USA. RP Harp, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM harp@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-510X J9 LANDSLIDES JI Landslides PD AUG PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 331 EP 337 DI 10.1007/s10346-008-0120-9 PG 7 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 343RW UT WOS:000258873000009 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Ebener, MP Desorcie, TJ AF Madenjian, Charles P. Ebener, Mark P. Desorcie, Timothy J. TI Lake trout population dynamics at Drummond Island Refuge in Lake Huron: Implications for future rehabilitation SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ST-MARYS RIVER; LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; GREAT-LAKES; NATURAL REPRODUCTION; RESTORATION; MICHIGAN; PREDATION; ONTARIO; MATURITY AB The Drummond Island Refuge (DIR) was established in 1985 as part of the rehabilitation effort for lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Huron. Since then, several strains of hatchery-reared lake trout have been stocked annually at the DIR. An intensive lampricide treatment of the St. Marys River during 1998-2001 was expected to lower the abundance of sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus within the DIR by 2000. We conducted annual gill-net surveys during spring and fall to evaluate the performance of each of the strains of lake trout as well as that of the entire lake trout population (all strains pooled) in the DIR during 1991-2005. The criteria to evaluate performance included the proportion of "wild" fish within the population, spawner density, adult survival, growth, maturity, and wounding rate by sea lampreys. Wild lake trout did not recruit to the adult population to any detectable degree. During 1991-2005, the average density of spawning lake trout appeared to be marginally sufficient to initiate a self-sustaining population. Survival of the Seneca Lake (SEN) strain of lake trout was significantly higher than that of the Superior-Marquette (SUP) strain, in part because of the higher sea-lamprey-induced mortality suffered by the SUP strain. However, other factors were also involved. Apparently SUP fish were more vulnerable to fishing conducted in waters near the refuge boundaries than SEN fish. The St. Marys River treatment appeared to be effective in reducing the sea lamprey wounding rate on SEN fish. We recommend that the stocking of SEN lake trout in the DIR, control of sea lampreys in the St. Marys River, and reduction of commercial fishery effort in waters near the DIR be maintained. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.; Desorcie, Timothy J.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Ebener, Mark P.] Inter Tribal Fisheries & Assessment Program, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 979 EP 992 DI 10.1577/M07-083.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 356JN UT WOS:000259774600001 ER PT J AU Larson, ER DiStefano, RJ Magoulick, DD Westhoff, JT AF Larson, Eric R. DiStefano, Robert J. Magoulick, Daniel D. Westhoff, Jacob T. TI Efficiency of a quadrat sampling technique for estimating riffle-dwelling crayfish density SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID OZARK STREAM; HABITAT USE; BODY-SIZE; MISSOURI; FISH; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; RIVER; USA AB Quantitative sampling of crayfish can be challenging as a result of clustered distributions produced by a variety of factors. We tested the efficiency of a 1-m(2) quadrat sampler for estimating the density of riffle-dwelling crayfish. Sampling efficiency was evaluated in an Ozark Plateau stream through a mark-recapture study. We stocked three marked crayfish per square meter into 12 enclosed riffle sections (range, 46-53 m(2)) and then randomly sampled five 1-m(2) quadrats in each of the 12 sections. Sampling efficiency was determined by compating the estimates of crayfish density to the known density of marked crayfish. We found crayfish sampling efficiency (mean, 69%) to be comparable to that in studies evaluating the quadrat sampler for stream fish, although efficiency across our study riffles ranged widely, from large underestimates (27%) to positively biased overestimates (140%). Coefficients of variation revealed that replicating habitat units within a stream or stream reach may provide more precise crayfish density estimates than replicating quadrat samples within a single habitat unit. None of the physical habitat or water chemistry variables that we measured were correlated with sampling efficiency. A power analysis of confidence interval (CI) precision demonstrated that moderate precision (i.e., CI half-width = 20% of mean) was achievable at a reasonable sampling effort (40 quadrats). The 1-m(2) quadrat sampler can be effective for quantitatively sampling lotic crayfish. This information should benefit researchers and managers interested in estimates of crayfish density in streams. C1 [Magoulick, Daniel D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [DiStefano, Robert J.] Resource Sci Ctr, Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Westhoff, Jacob T.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Magoulick, DD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM danmag@uark.edu RI Larson, Eric/H-3528-2012; Larson, Eric/P-8253-2016 OI Larson, Eric/0000-0002-9232-5907 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1036 EP 1043 DI 10.1577/M07-029.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 356JN UT WOS:000259774600006 ER PT J AU Arab, A Wildhaber, ML Wikle, CK Gentry, CN AF Arab, Ali Wildhaber, Mark L. Wikle, Christopher K. Gentry, Casey N. TI Zero-inflated modeling of fish catch per unit area resulting from multiple gears: Application to channel catfish and shovelnose sturgeon in the Missouri River SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; INCOMPLETE DATA; SITE OCCUPANCY; POISSON; REGRESSION AB Fisheries studies often employ multiple gears that result in large percentages of zero values. We considered a zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model with random effects to address these excessive zeros. By employing a Bayesian ZIP model that simultaneously incorporates data from multiple gears to analyze data from the Missouri River, we were able to compare gears and make more year, segment, and macrohabitat comparisons than did the original data analysis. For channel catfish Icralurus punctatus, our results rank (highest to lowest) the mean catch per unit area (CPUA) for gears (beach seine, benthic trawl, electrofishing, and drifting trammel net); years (1998 and 1997); macrohabitats (tributary mouth, connected secondary channel, nonconnected secondary channel, and bend); and river segment zones (channelized, inter-reservoir, and least-altered). For shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, the mean CPUA was significantly higher for benthic trawls and drifting trammel nets; 1998 and 1997; tributary mouths, bends, and connected secondary channels: and some channelized or least-altered inter-reservoir segments. One important advantage of our approach is the ability to reliably infer patterns of relative abundance by means of multiple gears without using gear efficiencies. C1 [Arab, Ali; Wikle, Christopher K.; Gentry, Casey N.] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Wildhaber, Mark L.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Arab, A (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Math, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM aa577@georgetown.edu FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Missouri River Division; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Park Service; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; USGS; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks; Missouri Department of Conservation; North Dakota Game and Fish Department FX The data presented here were collected as part of the MRBFS by the Missouri River Benthic Fishes Consortium (MRBFC). The MRBFC included L. C. Bergstedt, C. R. Berry, P. J. Braaten, D. J. Dieterman, D. L. Galat, C. S. Guy, M. A. Pegg, C. L. Pierce, M. P. Ruggles, L. C. Sappington, D. L. Scamecchia, T. L. Welker, R. G. White, M. L. Wildhaber, and B. A. Young. Funding for this research was provided primarily by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Missouri River Division, Omaha and Kansas City Districts, with additional financial support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Regions 7 and 8), National Park Service, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, USGS, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Missouri Department of Conservation, and North Dakota Game and Fish Department. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1044 EP 1058 DI 10.1577/M06-250.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 356JN UT WOS:000259774600007 ER PT J AU Mohler, JW Bradley, KM AF Mohler, Jerre W. Bradley, Kelly M. TI Removal of calcein in wastewater produced from the batch marking of fish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB The fluorochrome dye known as calcein (trade name SE-MARK; Western Chemical, Ferndale, Washington) is currently being tested to determine its utility for creating lethally and nonlethally detectable fluorescent marks on bony tissues of fish via batch immersion. The work is being done under an Investigational New Animal Drug (INAD) exemption granted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. However, conditions set forth in the INAD prohibit discharge of waste calcein solution from hatchery facilities, making calcein impractical for marking otoliths in certain fish (e.g., larval American shad Alosa sapidissima) due to the large volumes of wastewater created from the marking process. We performed simple laboratory tests that demonstrated the efficiency of activated carbon for removing the dye from solution; we also developed an adsorptive capacity model at calcein concentrations of 125 and 250 mg/L. Evaluation of a treatment column and a batch-type treatment showed that 7.3 and 6.6 g of carbon/L of used marking solution effectively removed the dye from 125- and 250-mg/L calcein solutions, respectively. We report that activated carbon treatment provides a practical means of eliminating calcein dye from used marking solutions. This treatment technique facilitates expanded use of SE-MARK by fisheries managers as a tool that can be used alone or in conjunction with oxytetracycline to produce unique marks in groups of fish. C1 [Mohler, Jerre W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Bradley, Kelly M.] Lock Haven Univ, Lock Haven, PA 17745 USA. RP Mohler, JW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, POB 75,308 Washington Ave, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM jerre_mohler@fws.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1177 EP 1181 DI 10.1577/MO7-142.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 356JN UT WOS:000259774600019 ER PT J AU Honeyfield, DC Kehler, T Fletcher, JW Mohler, JW AF Honeyfield, Dale C. Kehler, Tom Fletcher, John W. Mohler, Jerre W. TI Effect of artificial sunlight on the retention of external calcein marks on lake trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SALMON; FLUORESCENT MARKER; BROOK TROUT; FISH; SUITABILITY; SCALES C1 [Honeyfield, Dale C.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Kehler, Tom; Fletcher, John W.; Mohler, Jerre W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Honeyfield, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM honeyfie@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1243 EP 1248 DI 10.1577/M07-119.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 356JN UT WOS:000259774600026 ER PT J AU Wilson, CC Stott, W Miller, L D'Amelio, S Jennings, MJ Cooper, AM AF Wilson, Chris C. Stott, Wendylee Miller, Loren D'Amelio, Silvia Jennings, Martin J. Cooper, Anne M. TI Conservation genetics of lake superior brook trout: Issues, questions, and directions SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CHARR SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; EASTERN CANADA; NATIONAL-PARK; ARCTIC CHARR; WILD STRAINS; STOCKING; EVOLUTION; ECOLOGY AB Parallel efforts by several genetic research groups have tackled common themes relating to management concerns about and recent rehabilitation opportunities for coaster brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in Lake Superior. The questions that have been addressed include the evolutionary and genetic status of coaster brook trout, the degree of relatedness among coaster populations and their relationship to riverine tributary brook trout populations, and the role and effectiveness of stocking in maintaining and restoring coasters to Lake Superior. Congruent genetic results indicate that coasters are an ecotype (life history variant) rather than an evolutionarily significant unit or genetically distinct strain. Regional structure exists among brook trout stocks, coasters being produced from local populations. Introgression of hatchery genes into wild populations appears to vary regionally and may relate to local population size, habitat integrity, and anthropogenic pressures. Tracking the genetic diversity and integrity associated with captive breeding programs is helping to ensure that the fish used for stocking are representative of their source populations and appropriate for rehabilitation efforts. Comparative analysis of shared samples among collaborating laboratories is enabling standardization of genotype scoring and interpretation as well as the development of a common toolkit for assessing genetic structure and diversity. Incorporation of genetic data into rehabilitation projects will facilitate monitoring efforts and subsequent adaptive management. Together, these multifaceted efforts provide comprehensive insights into the biology of coaster brook trout and enhance restoration options. C1 [Wilson, Chris C.] Trent Univ, Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Wilson, Chris C.; D'Amelio, Silvia] Trent Univ, Nat Resources DNA Profiling & Forens Ctr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Stott, Wendylee] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Miller, Loren; Cooper, Anne M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [D'Amelio, Silvia] Trent Univ, Watershed Sci Ctr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Jennings, Martin J.] Bur Integrated Sci Serv, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Spooner, WI 54801 USA. RP Wilson, CC (reprint author), Trent Univ, Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. EM chris.wilson@ontario.ca RI Wilson, Chris/J-4851-2012; OI Wilson, Chris/0000-0002-9528-0652; Miller, Loren/0000-0002-5482-2152 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Minnesota Sea Grant; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources FX This paper provides a broad overview of diverse coaster brook trout research and management projects from several Lake Superior jurisdictions. As such, the work and data described here would not have been possible without the help of many agency biologists from federal, state, and provincial jurisdictions. Funding for the different research projects was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Minnesota Sea Grant, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, and Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Don Schreiner (Minnesota DNR) provided constant encouragement for many aspects of this work. Constructive input from Laura Hewitt (Trout Unlimited), Chris Kyle, and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. This article is contribution 1374 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center. NR 74 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1307 EP 1320 DI 10.1577/M05-190.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 356JN UT WOS:000259774600032 ER PT J AU Schreiner, DR Cullis, KI Donofrio, MC Fischer, GJ Hewitt, L Mumford, KG Pratt, DM Quinlan, HR Scott, SJ AF Schreiner, Donald R. Cullis, Ken I. Donofrio, Michael C. Fischer, Gregory J. Hewitt, Laura Mumford, Karen G. Pratt, Dennis M. Quinlan, Henry R. Scott, Steven J. TI Management perspectives on coaster brook trout rehabilitation in the lake superior basin SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; INTRODUCTIONS; RESTORATION; POPULATIONS; COMMUNITY; STOCKING; HABITAT; HISTORY; STREAMS AB Coaster brook trout are a migratory form of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis that spend part of their lives in the Great Lakes. Over the last century the abundance of coaster brook trout in Lake Superior has declined dramatically, and only remnant stocks remain. Recently, the rehabilitation of coaster brook trout in Lake Superior has become a goal of fish management agencies. The specific goal agreed upon by all of the agencies involved is to maintain widely distributed, self-sustaining populations in its many of the historical habitats as practical. We discuss realistic expectations for rehabilitation and emphasize the need for management agencies, academia, and angling organizations to work cooperatively. We first present a brief history of coaster brook trout in Lake Superior, then discuss habitat requirements and protection, the regulations required for rehabilitation, stocking, species interactions, and the role that human dimensions play in rehabilitation. The management issues that must be addressed are implementation of a basinwide survey to identify remnant stocks and critical habitat, restrictive harvest regulations, watershed rehabilitation, critical biological review, and the formulation of expectations before experimental stocking programs are initiated, along with coordinated, basinwide information sharing and cooperative management among agencies similar to that undertaken during the rehabilitation of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Superior. Future research needs include basic coaster biology and life history, habitat use in streams and the lake, interaction with other species in the Lake Superior fish community, and interaction between stream-resident and coaster brook trout. Successful rehabilitation will require a shift from a harvest fishery to one with minimal or no harvest of coaster brook trout in the Lake Superior basin. Coaster brook trout rehabilitation will take time and will proceed at different rates at different locations, depending on the presence of remnant stocks, quality of habitat, angling pressure, and political will. C1 [Schreiner, Donald R.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Cullis, Ken I.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Thunder Bay, ON P7C 5G6, Canada. [Donofrio, Michael C.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Peshtigo, WI 54157 USA. [Fischer, Gregory J.] Univ Wisconsin Stevens Point, Aquaculture Demonstrat Facil, Bayfield, WI 54814 USA. [Hewitt, Laura] Trout Unltd, Madison, WI 53703 USA. [Mumford, Karen G.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Pratt, Dennis M.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Superior, WI 54880 USA. [Quinlan, Henry R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fishery Resources Off, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Scott, Steven J.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Newberry, MI 49868 USA. RP Schreiner, DR (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 5351 N Shore Dr, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM don.schreiner@dnr.state.mn.us FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Trout Unlimited; University of Wisconsin Extension-Superior; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources FX The Lake Superior Coaster Brook Trout Initiative was originally supported by a grant from the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. Trout Unlimited, U.S. and Canada, Minnesota Sea Grant, University of Wisconsin Extension-Superior, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, and many other Lake Superior fish management agencies also contributed time and money to this initiative. We thank Joe Ostazeski, Jack Wingeter, and Tim Goeman for initial review of the manuscript. We also thank Mary Negus for assisting with manuscript preparation and for her constructive suggestions and critical review of this manuscript. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers and the editorial staff of the North American Journal of Fisheries Management, who made constructive comments that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 72 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1350 EP 1364 DI 10.1577/M05-173.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 356JN UT WOS:000259774600035 ER PT J AU Horton, GE Letcher, BH AF Horton, Gregg E. Letcher, Benjamin H. TI Movement patterns and study area boundaries: influences on survival estimation in capture-mark-recapture studies SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID DWELLING ATLANTIC SALMON; POLLOCKS ROBUST DESIGN; LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; TAG-RECOVERY DATA; APPARENT SURVIVAL; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; STREAM SALMONIDS; UNIFIED APPROACH; ADULT SURVIVAL AB The inability to account for the availability of individuals in the study area during capture-mark-recapture (CMR) studies and the resultant confounding of parameter estimates can make correct interpretation of CMR model parameter estimates difficult. Although important advances based on the Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) model have resulted in estimators of true survival that work by unconfounding either death or recapture probability from availability for capture in the study area, these methods rely on the researcher's ability to select a method that is correctly matched to emigration patterns in the population. If incorrect assumptions regarding site fidelity (non-movement) are made, it may be difficult or impossible as well as costly to change the study design once the incorrect assumption is discovered. Subtleties in characteristics of movement (e.g. life history-dependent emigration, nomads vs territory holders) can lead to mixtures in the probability of being available for capture among members of the same population. The result of these mixtures may be only a partial unconfounding of emigration from other CMR model parameters. Biologically-based differences in individual movement can combine with constraints on study design to further complicate the problem. Because of the intricacies of movement and its interaction with other parameters in CMR models, quantification of and solutions to these problems are needed. Based on our work with stream-dwelling populations of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, we used a simulation approach to evaluate existing CMR models under various mixtures of movement probabilities. The Barker joint data model provided unbiased estimates of true survival under all conditions tested. The CJS and robust design models provided similarly unbiased estimates of true survival but only when emigration information could be incorporated directly into individual encounter histories. For the robust design model, Markovian emigration (future availability for capture depends on an individual's current location) was a difficult emigration pattern to detect unless survival and especially recapture probability were high. Additionally, when local movement was high relative to study area boundaries and movement became more diffuse (e.g. a random walk), local movement and permanent emigration were difficult to distinguish and had consequences for correctly interpreting the survival parameter being estimated (apparent survival vs true survival). C1 [Horton, Gregg E.; Letcher, Benjamin H.] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Horton, GE (reprint author), 6489 Dry Creek Rd, Healdsburg, CA 95448 USA. EM gregg.horton@sbcglobal.net NR 49 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD AUG PY 2008 VL 117 IS 8 BP 1131 EP 1142 DI 10.1111/j.2008.0030-1299.16686.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 335KE UT WOS:000258288700002 ER PT J AU Kvenvolden, KA AF Kvenvolden, Keith A. TI Origins of organic geochemistry SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Torquay, ENGLAND AB When organic geochemistry actually began as a recognized geoscience is a matter of definition and perspective. Constraints on its beginning are placed by the historical development of its parent disciplines, geology and organic chemistry. These disciplines originated independently and developed in parallel, starting in the latter half of the 18th century and flourishing thereafter into the 21st century. Organic geochemistry began sometime between 1860 and 1983; 1 argue that 1930 is the best year to mark its origin. (c) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Coastal & Marine Geol, Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA. RP Kvenvolden, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Coastal & Marine Geol, 2433 Emerson St, Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA. EM kkvenvolden@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39 IS 8 BP 905 EP 909 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.02.017 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 344AQ UT WOS:000258898000004 ER PT J AU Kelemen, SR Walters, CC Kwiatek, PJ Afeworki, M Sansone, M Freund, H Pottorf, RJ Machel, HG Zhang, TW Ellis, GS Tang, YC Peters, KE AF Kelemen, Simon R. Walters, Clifford C. Kwiatek, Peter J. Afeworki, Mobae Sansone, Michael Freund, Howard Pottorf, Robert J. Machel, Hans G. Zhang, Tongwei Ellis, Geoffrey S. Tang, Yongchun Peters, Kenneth E. TI Distinguishing solid bitumens formed by thermochemical sulfate reduction and thermal chemical alteration SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Torquay, ENGLAND ID RESERVOIRS; PRECIPITATION; BACTERIAL; ALBERTA; CANADA; ORIGIN; OIL AB Insoluble solid bitumens are organic residues that can form by the thermal chemical alteration (TCA) or thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) of migrated petroleum. TCA may actually encompass several low temperature processes, such as biodegradation and asphaltene precipitation, followed by thermal alteration. TSR is an abiotic redox reaction where petroleum is oxidized by sulfate. It is difficult to distinguish solid bitumens associated with TCA of petroleum from those associated with TSR when both processes occur at relatively high temperature. The focus of the present work was to characterize solid bitumen samples associated with TCA or TSR using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS is a surface analysis conducted on either isolated or in situ (>25 mu m diameter) solid bitumen that can provide the relative abundance and chemical speciation of carbon, organic and inorganic heteroatoms (NSO). in this study, naturally occurring solid bitumens from three locations, Nisku Fm. Brazeau River area (TSR-related), LaBarge Field Madison Fm. (TSR-related), and the Alaskan Brooks range (TCA-related), are compared to organic solids generated during laboratory simulation of the TSR and TCA processes. The abundance and chemical nature of organic nitrogen and sulfur in solid bitumens can be understood in terms of the nature of (1) petroleum precursor molecules, (2) the concentration of nitrogen by way of thermal stress and (3) the mode of sulfur incorporation. TCA solid bitumens originate from polar materials that are initially rich in sulfur and nitrogen. Aromaticity and nitrogen increase as thermal stress cleaves aliphatic moieties and condensation reactions take place. Organic sulfur in TCA organic solids remains fairly constant with increasing Maturation (<3.4 sulfurs per 100 carbons) due to offsetting preservation and H(2)S elimination reactions. In contrast, TSR solid bitumens are sulfur rich and nitrogen poor solids. These heteroatom distributions are attributed to the ability of TSR to incorporate copious amounts of inorganic Sulfur (>3.5 to similar to 1.7 sulfur per 100 carbons) into aromatic structures and to the low levels of nitrogen in their hydrocarbon precursors. Hence, XPS results provide organic chemical composition information that helps to distinguish whether solid bitumen, either in situ or removed and concentrated from the rock matrix, was formed via the TCA or TRS process. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Tongwei; Ellis, Geoffrey S.; Tang, Yongchun] ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. [Pottorf, Robert J.] ExxonMobil Upstream Res Co, Houston, TX 77252 USA. [Machel, Hans G.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Zhang, Tongwei; Ellis, Geoffrey S.; Tang, Yongchun] CALTECH, Power Environm & Energy Res Ctr, Covina, CA 91722 USA. [Peters, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Walters, CC (reprint author), ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, 1545 Route 22 E, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. EM clifford.c.walters@exxonmobil.com RI Tang, Yongchun/G-7473-2011; Zhang, Tongwei/M-8000-2014; Ellis, Geoffrey/G-8970-2011; OI Walters, Clifford/0000-0002-4654-0139; Ellis, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4519-3320 NR 18 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1137 EP 1143 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.04.007 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 344AQ UT WOS:000258898000044 ER PT J AU Peters, KE Ramos, LS Zumberge, JE Valin, ZC Scotese, CR AF Peters, K. E. Ramos, L. S. Zumberge, J. E. Valin, Z. C. Scotese, C. R. TI Restoration of Circum-Arctic Upper Jurassic source rock paleolatitude based on crude oil geochemistry SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Torquay, ENGLAND ID PETROLEUM; RECOGNITION AB Tectonic geochemical paleolatitude (TGP) models were developed to predict the paleolatitude of petroleum source rock from the geochemical composition of crude oil. The results validate studies designed to reconstruct ancient Source rock depositional environments using oil chemistry and tectonic reconstruction of paleogeography from coordinates of the present day collection site. TGP models can also be used to corroborate tectonic paleolatitude in cases where the predicted paleogeography conflicts with the depositional setting predicted by the oil chemistry, or to predict paleolatitude when the present day collection locality is far removed from the Source rock, as might occur due to long distance subsurface migration or transport of tarballs by ocean currents. Biomarker and stable carbon isotope ratios were measured for 496 crude oil samples inferred to originate from Upper Jurassic source rock in West Siberia, the North Sea and offshore Labrador. First, a unique, multi-tiered chemometric (multivariate statistics) decision tree was used to classify these samples into seven oil families and infer the type of organic matter, lithology and depositional environment of each organofacies of source rock [Peters, K.E., Ramos, L.S., Zumberge, J.E., Valin, Z.C., Scotese, C.R., Gautier, D.L., 2007. Circum-Arctic petroleum systems identified using decision-tree chemometrics. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 91, 877-913]. Second, present day geographic locations for each sample were used to restore the tectonic paleolatitude of the source rock during Late Jurassic time (similar to 150 Ma). Third, partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to construct linear TGP models that relate tectonic and geochemical paleolatitude, where the latter is based on 19 source-related biomarker and isotope ratios for each oil family. The TGP models were calibrated using 70% of the samples in each family and the remaining 30, of samples were used for model validation. Positive relationships exist between tectonic and geochemical paleolatitude for each family. Standard error of prediction for geochemical paleolatitude ranges from 0.9 degrees to 2.6 degrees of tectonic paleolatitude, which translates to a relative standard error of prediction in the range 1.5-4.8%. The results sugggest that the observed effect of source rock paleolatitude on crude oil composition is caused by (i) stable carbon isotope fractionation during photosynthetic fixation of carbon and (ii) species diversity at different latitudes during Late Jurassic time. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Peters, K. E.; Valin, Z. C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ramos, L. S.] Infometrix Inc, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. [Zumberge, J. E.] GeoMark Res Ltd, Houston, TX 77095 USA. [Scotese, C. R.] Univ Texas Arlington, PALEOMAP Project, Arlington, TX 76012 USA. RP Peters, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 969, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kpeters@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1189 EP 1196 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.01.016 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 344AQ UT WOS:000258898000051 ER PT J AU Lawler, SP Dritz, DA Johnson, CS Wolder, M AF Lawler, Sharon P. Dritz, Deborah A. Johnson, Catherine S. Wolder, Mike TI Does synergized pyrethrin applied over wetlands for mosquito control affect Daphnia magna zooplankton or Callibaetis californicus mayflies? SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pyrethrin; piperonyl butoxide; ULV; adulticide; Culicidae; Baetidae; Cladocera; ecological impact ID SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS; NONTARGET ORGANISMS; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; TOXICITY; INSECTICIDES; PESTICIDES; PERMETHRIN AB BACKGROUND: Public health agencies may apply aerosolized synergized pyrethrin over wetlands repeatedly to control mosquitoes. This concerns wildlife managers because studies have shown the accumulation of pyrethroids, which are chemically similar to pyrethrin, in sediments in amounts that can be toxic to invertebrates. The authors tested whether repeated applications of synergized pyrethrin over wetlands caused mortality of two aquatic invertebrates: the zooplankton Daphnia magna Straus and a mayfly, Callibaetis californicus Banks. Fifteen wetland mesocosms were either exposed to repeated pyrethrin sprays or were protected by lids. Invertebrates in screened cages were placed in mesocosms before the fifth and eleventh spray, and directly into wetlands before spray 11. Six mesocosms were exposed to spray deposition. Caged adult mosquitoes were used to verify that sprays drifted over mesocosms. Sediments were analyzed for insecticide residues. RESULTS: There were no detectable effects of synergized pyrethrin on 36 h survival of Daphnia or mayflies, but most exposed adult mosquitoes died. Some exposed sediments yielded pyrethrin (<= 34.5 ng g(-1)); most showed piperonyl butoxide (PBO) (<= 14.9 ng g(-1)). CONCLUSIONS: Deposition of aerosolized 25% pyrethrin + 5% PBO may contaminate wetlands, but its application at rates used for mosquito control did not produce detectable effects on indicator species. (c) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 [Lawler, Sharon P.; Dritz, Deborah A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lawler, Sharon P.; Dritz, Deborah A.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Vector Borne Dis Res, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Johnson, Catherine S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. [Wolder, Mike] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Willows, CA 95988 USA. RP Lawler, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM splawler@ucdavis.edu NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 64 IS 8 BP 843 EP 847 DI 10.1002/ps.1575 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 327LO UT WOS:000257730800009 PM 18366067 ER PT J AU Gaidet, N Cattoli, G Hammoumi, S Newman, SH Hagemeijer, W Takekawa, JY Cappelle, J Dodman, T Joannis, T Gil, P Monne, I Fusaro, A Capua, I Manu, S Micheloni, P Ottosson, U Mshelbwala, JH Lubroth, J Domenech, J Monicat, F AF Gaidet, Nicolas Cattoli, Giovanni Hammoumi, Saliha Newman, Scott H. Hagemeijer, Ward Takekawa, John Y. Cappelle, Julien Dodman, Tim Joannis, Tony Gil, Patricia Monne, Isabella Fusaro, Alice Capua, Ilaria Manu, Shiiwuua Micheloni, Pierfrancesco Ottosson, Ulf Mshelbwala, John H. Lubroth, Juan Domenech, Joseph Monicat, Francois TI Evidence of infection by H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in healthy wild waterfowl SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN EUROPE; A VIRUSES; HONG-KONG; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; DUCKS; BIRDS; HEMAGGLUTININ; AFRICA; GEESE; SURVEILLANCE AB The potential existence of a wild bird reservoir for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has been recently questioned by the spread and the persisting circulation of H5N1 HPAI viruses, responsible for concurrent outbreaks in migratory and domestic birds over Asia, Europe, and Africa. During a large-scale surveillance programme over Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, we detected avian influenza viruses of H5N2 subtype with a highly pathogenic (HP) viral genotype in healthy birds of two wild waterfowl species sampled in Nigeria. We monitored the survival and regional movements of one of the infected birds through satellite telemetry, providing a rare evidence of a non-lethal natural infection by an HP viral genotype in wild birds. Phylogenetic analysis of the H5N2 viruses revealed close genetic relationships with H5 viruses of low pathogenicity circulating in Eurasian wild and domestic ducks. In addition, genetic analysis did not reveal known gallinaceous poultry adaptive mutations, suggesting that the emergence of HP strains could have taken place in either wild or domestic ducks or in non-gallinaceous species. The presence of coexisting but genetically distinguishable avian influenza viruses with an HP viral genotype in two cohabiting species of wild waterfowl, with evidence of non-lethal infection at least in one species and without evidence of prior extensive circulation of the virus in domestic poultry, suggest that some strains with a potential high pathogenicity for poultry could be maintained in a community of wild waterfowl. C1 [Gaidet, Nicolas; Hammoumi, Saliha; Cappelle, Julien; Gil, Patricia; Monicat, Francois] Ctr Cooperat Intl Rech Agronom Dev, Montpellier, France. [Cattoli, Giovanni; Monne, Isabella; Fusaro, Alice; Capua, Ilaria] Ist Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Venezie, Legnaro, Italy. [Newman, Scott H.; Domenech, Joseph] Food & Agr Org United Nat, Anim Prod & Hlth Div, Rome, Italy. [Hagemeijer, Ward; Dodman, Tim] Wetlands Int, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA USA. [Joannis, Tony] Natl Inst Vet Res, Vom, Nigeria. [Manu, Shiiwuua] AP Leventis Ornithol Res Inst, Jos, Nigeria. [Micheloni, Pierfrancesco] Ist Nazl Fauna Selvat, Bologna, Italy. [Ottosson, Ulf] Ottenby Bird Observ, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. [Mshelbwala, John H.] Fed Dept Forestry, Abuja, Nigeria. RP Gaidet, N (reprint author), Ctr Cooperat Intl Rech Agronom Dev, Montpellier, France. EM nicolas.gaidet@cirad.fr RI Gaidet, Niccolas/H-8122-2013; OI Fusaro, Alice/0000-0002-8213-5472 FU FAO Technical Cooperation Programme; USAID [LAG-A-00-99-00047-00]; U.S. Agency for International Development FX This extensive survey has been implemented in the framework of an FAO Technical Cooperation Programme, and has been made possible by additional financial resources received from the governments of France and Sweden. We also acknowledge the Global Avian Influenza Network for Surveillance (GAINS) program, funded in part by USAID Grant No. LAG-A-00-99-00047-00, for the larger joint wild bird surveillance activities in Nigeria. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U. S. Agency for International Development. NR 50 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 4 IS 8 AR e1000127 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000127 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 356MU UT WOS:000259783100015 PM 18704172 ER PT J AU Nordt, L Von Fischer, J Tieszen, L Tubbs, J AF Nordt, L. Von Fischer, J. Tieszen, L. Tubbs, J. TI Coherent changes in relative C-4 plant productivity and climate during the late Quaternary in the North American Great Plains SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID GLACIAL-INTERGLACIAL VARIATIONS; CARBON ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; VEGETATION CHANGE; HOLOCENE CLIMATE; FUNCTIONAL TYPES; DROUGHT CYCLES; DUNE ACTIVITY AB Evolution of the mixed and shortgrass prairie of the North American Great Plains is Poorly understood because of limited proxies available for environmental interpretations. Buried soils in the Great Plains provide a solution to the problem because they are widespread both spatially and temporally with their organic reservoirs serving as a link to the plants than once grew on them. Through stable carbon isotopic analysis of soil organic carbon (delta C-13), the percent carbon from C-4 plants (%C-4) can be ascertained. Because C-4 plants are primarily warm season grasses responding positively to summer temperature, their representation has the added advantage of serving as a climate indicator. To better understand grassland and climate dynamics in the Great Plains during the last 12 ka (ka = 1000 radiocarbon years) we developed an isotopic standardization technique by: determining the difference in buried soil delta C-13 and modern Soil delta C-13 expected for that latitude (Delta delta C-13), and transferring the Delta delta C-13 to Delta%C-4 (% C-4) using mass balance calculations. Our analysis reveals two isotopic stages in the mixed and shortgrass prairie of the Great Plains based on trends in Delta%C-4. In response to orbital forcing mechanisms, Delta%C-4 Was persistently below modern in the Great Plains between 12 and 6.7 ka (isotopic stage 11) evidently because of the cooling effect of the Laurentide ice sheet and proglacial lakes in northern latitudes, and glacial meltwater pulses cooling the Gulf of Mexico and North Atlantic Ocean. The Delta%C-4 after 6.7 ka (isotopic stage 1) increased to modern levels as conditioned by the outflow of warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico and dry incursions from the west that produced periodic drought. At the millennial-scale, time series analysis demonstrates that Delta%C-4 oscillated with 0.6 and 1.8 ka periodicities, possibly governed by variations in solar irradiance. Our buried soil isotopic record correlates well with other environmental proxy from the Great Plains and surrounding regions. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nordt, L.] Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Von Fischer, J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Tieszen, L.] US Geol Survey, EROS, Sioux City, SD 57198 USA. [Tubbs, J.] Baylor Univ, Dept Stat, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP Nordt, L (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM lee_nordt@baylor.edu RI von Fischer, Joseph/B-5443-2008 FU Geographic Analysis and Monitoring and Earth Surfaces Dynamics; US Geological Survey; [NSF DEB 9510065] FX Michael Chapman, Augustana College, assisted with sample analysis of the modern prairie sites. This research was supported in part by the NSF DEB 9510065 and the Geographic Analysis and Monitoring and Earth Surfaces Dynamics programs of the US Geological Survey. Two anonymous reviewers, Jordan Feng, and John Hutchinson provided valuable suggestions for improving the manuscript. NR 99 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 15-16 BP 1600 EP 1611 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.05.008 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 345SW UT WOS:000259017900010 ER PT J AU Horowitz, AJ Stephens, VC AF Horowitz, Arthur J. Stephens, Verlin C. TI The effects of land use on fluvial sediment chemistry for the conterminous US - Results from the first cycle of the NAWQA Program: Trace and major elements, phosphorus, carbon, and sulfur SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Sediment chemistry; Land use; Trace elements; Major elements; Carbon; NAWQA Program ID HIGHLY URBANIZED CATCHMENT; LAKE COEUR-DALENE; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; WATER-QUALITY; RIVER-BASIN; UNITED-STATES; ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; STREAMBED SEDIMENT; ORGANIC-MATTER; WEST YORKSHIRE AB In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began the first cycle of its National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. The Program encompassed 51 river basins that collectively accounted for more than 70% of the total water use (excluding power generation), and 50% of the drinking water supply in the U.S. The basins represented a variety of hydrologic settings, rock types (geology), land-use categories, and population densities. One aspect of the first cycle included bed sediment sampling; sites were chosen to represent baseline and important land-use categories (e.g., agriculture, urban) in each basin. In total, over 1200 bed sediment samples were collected. All samples were size-limited (<63 mu m) to facilitate spatial and/or temporal comparisons, and subsequently analyzed for a variety of chemical constituents including major (e.g., Fe, Al,) and trace elements (e.g., Cu, Zn, Cd), nutrients (e.g., P), and carbon. The analyses yielded total (>= 95% of the concentrations present), rather than total-recoverable chemical data. Land-use percentages, upstream underlying geology, and population density were determined for each site and evaluated to asses their relative influence on sediment chemistry. Baseline concentrations for the entire U.S. also were generated from a subset of all the samples, and are based on material collected from low population (<= 27 p km(-2)) density, low percent urban (<= 5%), agricultural or undeveloped areas. The NAWQA baseline values are similar to those found in other national and global datasets. Further, it appears that upstream/underlying rock type has only a limited effect (mostly major elements) on sediment chemistry. The only land-use category that appears to substantially affect sediment chemistry is percent urban, and this result is mirrored by population density; in fact, the latter appears more consistent than the former. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Horowitz, Arthur J.] US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. [Stephens, Verlin C.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Horowitz, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, Suite 130,3039 Amwiler Rd, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. EM horowitz@usgs.gov NR 87 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 400 IS 1-3 BP 290 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.04.027 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 377KA UT WOS:000261248900019 PM 18550149 ER PT J AU Horowitz, AJ AF Horowitz, Arthur J. TI Determining annual suspended sediment and sediment-associated trace element and nutrient fluxes SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Suspended sediment; Sediment-associated chemistry; Annual fluxes ID RATING CURVES; DRAINAGE BASINS; SAMPLING FREQUENCY; METALS; BIOAVAILABILITY; LOADS; EXTRACTION; RIVERS; PROGRAM; TRENDS AB Suspended sediment is a major factor in the biological and geochemical cycling of trace elements and nutrients in aquatic systems. The design of effective studies involving the collection, processing, and subsequent chemical analysis of suspended sediment requires a clear understanding of the problems associated with using this sample medium. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge relative to the various issues/problems associated with the collection of representative suspended sediment samples in fluvial systems. It also addresses issues associated with accurately determining the concentrations and fluxes of sediment-associated trace elements and nutrients. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Horowitz, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, 3039 Amwiler Rd, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. EM horowitz@usgs.gov NR 68 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 400 IS 1-3 BP 315 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.04.022 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 377KA UT WOS:000261248900020 PM 18571220 ER PT J AU Landenburger, L Lawrence, RL Podruzny, S Schwartz, CC AF Landenburger, Lisa Lawrence, Rick L. Podruzny, Shannon Schwartz, Charles C. TI Mapping regional distribution of a single tree species: Whitebark pine in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; Landsat; Yellowstone; See5; classification trees; boosting ID CLASSIFICATION; IMAGERY AB Moderate resolution satellite imagery traditionally has been thought to be inadequate for mapping vegetation at the species level. This has made comprehensive mapping of regional distributions of sensitive species, such as whitebark pine, either impractical or extremely time consuming. We sought to determine whether using a combination of moderate resolution satellite imagery (Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus), extensive stand data collected by land management agencies for other purposes, and modern statistical classification techniques (boosted classification trees) could result in successful mapping of whitebark pine. Overall classification accuracies exceeded 90%, with similar individual class accuracies. Accuracies on a localized basis varied based on elevation. Accuracies also varied among administrative units, although we were not able to determine whether these differences related to inherent spatial variations or differences in the quality of available reference data. C1 [Landenburger, Lisa; Lawrence, Rick L.] Montana State Univ, Land Resources & Environm Sci Dept, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Podruzny, Shannon; Schwartz, Charles C.] USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Lawrence, RL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Land Resources & Environm Sci Dept, POB 173490, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM lisa_landenburger@usgs.gov; rickl@montana.edu; shannon_podruzny@usgs.gov; chuck_schwartz@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INT PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 8 BP 4983 EP 4994 DI 10.3390/s8084983 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 342AP UT WOS:000258757300027 PM 27873796 ER PT J AU Len, JA Jenkins, JA Eilts, BE Paccamonti, DL Lyle, SK Hosgood, G AF Len, J. A. Jenkins, J. A. Eilts, B. E. Paccamonti, D. L. Lyle, S. K. Hosgood, G. TI Centrifugation has minimal effects on motility, viability, and acrosome integrity of equine sperm SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Theriogenology CY AUG 12-DEC 16, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP Soc Theriogenol DE centrifugation; spermatozoa; plasma membrane; acrosome; recovery rate C1 [Len, J. A.; Eilts, B. E.; Paccamonti, D. L.; Lyle, S. K.; Hosgood, G.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Jenkins, J. A.] Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA USA. RI Eilts, Bruce/J-3739-2014 OI Eilts, Bruce/0000-0003-1087-0328 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD AUG PY 2008 VL 70 IS 3 BP 582 EP 583 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.05.027 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 326FV UT WOS:000257644900053 ER PT J AU Turk, JK Goforth, BR Graham, RC Kendrick, KJ AF Turk, Judith K. Goforth, Brett R. Graham, Robert C. Kendrick, Katherine J. TI Soil morphology of a debris flow chronosequence in a coniferous forest, southern California, USA SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE bulk density; buried soils; chronosequences; entisols; Mor; pedogenesis; soil color ID ORGANIC-MATTER ACCRETION; FLOODPLAIN ECOSYSTEMS; HUMUS FORMS; ALASKA; REDISTRIBUTION; CLASSIFICATION; VEGETATION; MOUNTAINS; MORAINES; GLACIER AB Soils on a series of debris flow deposits, ranging from < 1 to 244 years old, were described and sampled in order to investigate the early stages of soil development. The parent material at the site is debris flow regolith, composed mainly of gneiss, the soil moisture regime is xeric, and the vegetation is mixed coniferous forest. Ages of the deposits were assessed using dendrochronology. Morphologic trends in the organic horizons included a thickening of the humus form over time, along with the development of Fm and Hr horizons. The humus forms underwent a progression from Mormodors (20 years old), to Hemimors (26-101 years old), and finally Lignomors (163 years old) and Resimors (184-244 years old). Changes in physical properties of the uppermost mineral horizons as a function of increasing age included a decrease in the volume of coarse fragments, a linear decrease in bulk density, and a darkening and reddening of the soil color. No significant soil development took place in the subsoil during the time span of this chronosequence. The soils described were classified as Typic Xerofluvents and Typic Xerorthents (Regosols and Leptosols). Buried A horizons were observed in many of the soils. Where the A horizons could be linked to dendrochronology to assess the age of the buried surface, we found that the properties of the buried A horizons do not serve as a good indicator of the age of the surface. This study suggests rapid development of the humus form profile (organic horizons and A horizon) following debris flow deposition and rapid degradation of these horizons when the debris flow surface is buried. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Turk, Judith K.; Graham, Robert C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Soil & Water Sci Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Goforth, Brett R.; Kendrick, Katherine J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Kendrick, Katherine J.] US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA USA. RP Turk, JK (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Soil & Water Sci Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM judith.turk@email.ucr.edu; brett.goforth@email.ucr.edu; robert.graham@ucr.edu; kendrick@gps.caltech.edu FU University of California Kearney Foundation of Soil Science FX This research was supported by the University of California Kearney Foundation of Soil Science. Susan Akers, Jacob Berkowitz, Sheila Furquim, Daniel Hirmas, and Rodrigo Vargas were involved in the preliminary research at the site. We thank Joshua Barraza and Shahriar N. Uddin for their field assistance and Douglas Morton, Jennifer Harden, Tricia Menchaca, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUL 31 PY 2008 VL 146 IS 1-2 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.05.012 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 345KO UT WOS:000258995600018 ER PT J AU Brown, RH Soderblom, LA Soderblom, JM Clark, RN Jaumann, R Barnes, JW Sotin, C Buratti, B Baines, KH Nicholson, PD AF Brown, R. H. Soderblom, L. A. Soderblom, J. M. Clark, R. N. Jaumann, R. Barnes, J. W. Sotin, C. Buratti, B. Baines, K. H. Nicholson, P. D. TI The identification of liquid ethane in Titan's Ontario Lacus SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MU-M; SURFACE; ICE; SATELLITES; SATURN; SYSTEM; OCEAN; LAKES; SEAS AB Titan was once thought to have global oceans of light hydrocarbons on its surface(1-5), but after 40 close flybys of Titan by the Cassini spacecraft, it has become clear that no such oceans exist(6). There are, however, features similar to terrestrial lakes and seas(7), and widespread evidence for fluvial erosion(8,9), presumably driven by precipitation of liquid methane from Titan's dense, nitrogen-dominated atmosphere(10). Here we report infrared spectroscopic data, obtained by the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer(11) ( VIMS) on board the Cassini spacecraft, that strongly indicate that ethane, probably in liquid solution with methane, nitrogen and other low- molecular- mass hydrocarbons, is contained within Titan's Ontario Lacus. C1 [Brown, R. H.; Soderblom, J. M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Soderblom, L. A.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Jaumann, R.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Barnes, J. W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Sotin, C.; Buratti, B.; Baines, K. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA. [Nicholson, P. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Brown, RH (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM rhb@lpl.arizona.edu RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Soderblom, Jason/0000-0003-3715-6407 NR 29 TC 147 Z9 148 U1 5 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 31 PY 2008 VL 454 IS 7204 BP 607 EP 610 DI 10.1038/nature07100 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 331QC UT WOS:000258026500039 PM 18668101 ER PT J AU Perkins, RB Piper, DZ Mason, CE AF Perkins, R. B. Piper, D. Z. Mason, C. E. TI Trace-element budgets in the Ohio/Sunbury shales of Kentucky: Constraints on ocean circulation and primary productivity in the Devonian-Mississippian Appalachian Basin SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE black shale; oil shale; trace metals; paleoenvironment ID MARINE ANOXIC EVENTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; MULTIPLE CONTROLS; EASTERN KENTUCKY; EARLY DIAGENESIS; CARIACO TRENCH; PACIFIC-OCEAN; WATER-COLUMN AB The hydrography of the Appalachian Basin in late Devonian-early Mississippian time is modeled based on the geochemistry of black shales and constrained by others paleogeographic reconstructions. The model supports a robust exchange of basin bottom water with the open ocean, with residence times of less than forty years during deposition of the Cleveland Shale Member of the Ohio Shale. This is counter to previous interpretations of these carbon-rich units having accumulated under a stratified and stagnant water column, i.e., with a strongly restricted bottom bottom-water circulation. A robust circulation of bottom waters is further consistent with the palaeoclimatology, whereby eastern trade-winds drove upwelling and arid conditions limited terrestrial inputs of siliciclastic sediment, fresh waters, and riverine nutrients. The model suggests that primary productivity was high (similar to 2 g Cm-2 d(-1)), although no higher than in select locations in the ocean today. The flux of organic carbon setting through the water column and its deposition on the sea floor was similar to fluxes found in modern marine environments. Calculations based on the average accumulation rate of the marine fraction of Ni suggest the flux of organic carbon settling out to the water column was approximately 9% of primary productivity, versus an accumulation rate (burial) of organic carbon of 0.5% of primary productivity. Trace-element ratios of V:Mo and Cr:Mo in the marine sediment fraction indicate that bottom waters shifted from predominantly anoxic (sulfate reducing) during deposition of the Huron Shale Member of the Ohio Shale to predominantly suboxic (nitrate reducing) during deposition of the Cleveland Shale Member and the Sunbury Shale, but with anoxic conditions occurring intermittently throughout this period. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Perkins, R. B.] Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Piper, D. Z.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mason, C. E.] Morehead State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Morehead, KY 40351 USA. RP Perkins, RB (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM rperkins@pdx.edu NR 130 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD JUL 31 PY 2008 VL 265 IS 1-2 BP 14 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.04.012 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 345JH UT WOS:000258992100002 ER PT J AU Hinckley, ELS Kendall, C Loague, K AF Hinckley, Eve-Lyn S. Kendall, Carol Loague, Keith TI Not all water becomes wine: Sulfur inputs as an opportune tracer of hydrochemical losses from vineyards SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; HUBBARD-BROOK; ISOTOPE RATIOS; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; TRACING SOURCES; STREAM WATER; SULFATE; SOIL; IRRIGATION; CALIFORNIA AB [1] California's widespread and economically important vineyards offer substantial opportunities to understand the interface between hydrology and biogeochemistry in agricultural soils. The common use of native sulfur (S) as a fumigant or soil additive provides a novel way to isotopically differentiate among sulfate (SO(4)(2-)) pools, allowing the estimation of water and SO(4)(2-) budgets. The objectives of this study were (1) to characterize the near-surface hydrological flow paths in a vineyard during irrigation and storm events and (2) to determine how those flow paths affect the fate and transport of SO(4)(2-) across seasons. Integrating hydrological theory with measurements of SO(4)(2-) concentration and sulfate-S isotopic ratios (expressed as [SO(4)(2-)] and delta(34)S, respectively) in inputs, soil water, and leachate provided a means of determining flow paths. Low [SO(4)(2-)] and delta(34)S in leachate during 4-h irrigation events reflect minimal engagement of the soil matrix, indicating that preferential flow was the dominant path for water in the near surface. In contrast, high [SO(4)(2-)] and delta(34)S values during 8-h irrigation and storm events reflect near-complete engagement of the soil matrix, indicating that lateral flow was the dominant pathway. Because hydrologic response and SO(4)(2-) mobility are tightly coupled in these soils, the magnitude of water fluxes through the near surface controls S cycling both on and off site. These results indicate that preferential flow is an important loss pathway to consider in managing both water resources and water quality (reactive elements) in vineyard land use systems. C1 [Hinckley, Eve-Lyn S.; Loague, Keith] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kendall, Carol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hinckley, ELS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, 450 Serra Mall,Bldg 320, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ehinckley@stanford.edu NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 31 PY 2008 VL 44 AR W00401 DI 10.1029/2007WR006672 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 333NH UT WOS:000258158700001 ER PT J AU Wynne, JJ Titus, TN Diaz, GC AF Wynne, J. Judson Titus, Timothy N. Diaz, Guillermo Chong TI On developing thermal cave detection techniques for earth, the moon and mars SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cave detection; cave thermal behavior; thermal infrared; Atacama Desert; Mars; Moon; lunar caves; Martian caves ID LAND-COVER COMPOSITION; WATER ICE; ATACAMA DESERT; CHILE; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; NEUTRONS; ECOLOGY; SURFACE; VIKING AB The purpose of this study is to (1) demonstrate the viability of detecting terrestrial caves at thermal-infrared wavelengths, (2) improve our understanding of terrestrial cave thermal behavior, (3) identify times of day when cave openings have the maximum thermal contrast with the surrounding surface regolith, and (4) further our understanding of how to detect caves on Earth, the Moon and Mars. We monitored the thermal behavior of two caves in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. Through this work, we identified times when temperature contrasts between entrance and surface were greatest, thus enabling us to suggest optimal overflight times. The largest thermal contrast for both caves occurred during mid-day. One cave demonstrated thermal behavior at the entrance suggestive of cold-trapping, while the second cave demonstrated temperature shifts suggestive of airflow. We also collected thermograms without knowing optimal detection times; these images suggest both caves may also be detectable during off-peak times. We suggest cave detection using thermal remote sensing on Earth and other planetary objects will be limited by (1) capturing imagery in the appropriate thermal wavelength, (2) the size of cave entrance vs. the sensor's spatial resolution, (3) the viewing angle of the platform in relation to the slope trajectory of the cave entrance, (4) the Strength of the thermal signal associated with the cave entrance, and (5) the time ofday and season of thermal image capture. Through this and other studies, we will begin to identify the range of conditions under which caves are detectable in the thermal infrared and thus improve our detection capabilities of these features on Earth, the Moon and Mars. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wynne, J. Judson] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Wynne, J. Judson] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Titus, Timothy N.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Diaz, Guillermo Chong] Univ Catolica Norte, Dept Ciencias Geol, Antofagasta, Chile. RP Wynne, JJ (reprint author), Carl Sagan Ctr, SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM jut.wynne@nau.edu FU NASA Excibiology [NNH04ZSS001N-EXB]; NASA Spaceward Bound!; L. Ron Hubbard Explorers Award; ARCS-Phoenix Chapter; CONAF-Chile; San Pedro De Atacama Field Office FX This study was partially funded by NASA Excibiology grant NNH04ZSS001N-EXB, NASA Spaceward Bound!, the L. Ron Hubbard Explorers Award (B. and S. Runyon, and M. Marvin) and ARCS-Phoenix Chapter, and logistically supported by CONAF-Chile, San Pedro De Atacama Field Office. Thanks to R Boston, J.L. jara, and J. Thompson for assistance with the data collection, J. Thompson for use of the FUR thermal camera, J. DeSpain for access to cave maps, H. Kieffer for use of the KRC thermal inertia modeling code, M. Sogge for the loan of temperature data loggers, and J. DeDecker for numerous discussions leading to the development of this program. G. Cushing, L. Keszthelyi, C. Drost and two anonymous reviewers provided insightful comments leading to the improvement of this manuscript. NR 83 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2008 VL 272 IS 1-2 BP 240 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.04.037 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 347DD UT WOS:000259119900024 ER PT J AU Fulton, J Ostrowski, J AF Fulton, John Ostrowski, Joseph TI Measuring real-time streamflow using emerging technologies: Radar, hydroacoustics, and the probability concept SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE radar; hydroacoustics; probability concept; streamflow; surface-water velocity ID OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW; VELOCITY AB Forecasting streamflow during extreme hydrologic events such as floods can be problematic. This is particularly true when flow is unsteady, and river forecasts rely on models that require uniform-flow rating curves to route water from one forecast point to another. As a result, alternative methods for measuring streamflow are needed to property route flood waves and account for inertial and pressure forces in natural channels dominated by nonuniform-flow conditions such as mild water surface slopes, backwater, tributary inflows, and reservoir operations. The objective of the demonstration was to use emerging technologies to measure instantaneous streamflow in open channels at two existing US Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Pennsylvania. Surface-water and instream-point velocities were measured using hand-held radar and hydroacoustics. Streamflow was computed using the probability concept, which requires velocity data from a single vertical containing the maximum instream velocity. The percent difference in streamflow at the Susquehanna River at Bloomsburg, PA ranged from 0% to 8% with an average difference of 4% and standard deviation of 8.81 m(3)/s. The percent difference in streamflow at Chartiers Creek at Carnegie, PA ranged from 0% to 11% with an average difference of 5% and standard deviation of 0.28 m(3)/s. New generation equipment is being tested and developed to advance the use of radar-derived surface-water velocity and instantaneous streamflow to facilitate the collection and transmission of real-time streamflow that can be used to parameterize hydraulic routing models. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fulton, John] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, Pittsburgh Project Off, Pittsburgh, PA 15205 USA. [Ostrowski, Joseph] Natl Weather Serv, Middle Atlantic River Forecast Ctr, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. RP Fulton, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, Pittsburgh Project Off, 1000 Church Hill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15205 USA. EM jwfutton@usgs.gov; joseph.ostrowski@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 30 PY 2008 VL 357 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.03.028 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 331YY UT WOS:000258049800001 ER PT J AU Ikeda, R Kajiwara, T Omura, K Hickman, S AF Ikeda, Ryuji Kajiwara, Tatsuya Omura, Kentaro Hickman, Stephen TI Physical rock properties in and around a conduit zone by well-logging in the Unzen Scientific Drilling Project, Japan SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Unzen volcano; scientific drilling; well logging; conduit structure; rock properties AB The objective of the Unzen Scientific Drilling Project (USDP) is not only to reveal the structure and eruption history of the Unzen volcano but also to clarify the ascent and degassing mechanisms of the magma conduit. Conduit drilling (USDP-4) was conducted in 2004, which targeted the magma conduit for the 1990-95 eruption. The total drilled length of USDP-4 was 1995.75 m. Geophysical well logging, including resistivity, gamma-ray, spontaneous potential, sonic-wave velocity, density, neutron porosity, and Fullbore Formation Microlmager (FMI), was conducted at each drilling stage. Variations in the physical properties of the rocks were revealed by the well-log data, which correlated with not only large-scale formation boundaries but also small-scale changes in lithology. Such variations were evident in the lava dike, pyroclastic rocks, and breccias over depth intervals ranging from 1 to 40 m. These data support previous models for structure of the lava conduit, in that they indicate the existence of alternating layers of high-resistivity and high P-wave velocity rocks corresponding to the lava dikes, in proximity to narrower zones exhibiting high porosity, low resistivity, and low P-wave velocity. These narrow, low-porosity zones are presumably higher in permeability than the adjacent rocks and may form preferential conduits for clegassing during magma ascent. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ikeda, Ryuji] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Kajiwara, Tatsuya] Japan Met & Chem Co Ltd, Takizawa, Iwate 0200172, Japan. [Omura, Kentaro] Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Prevent, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050006, Japan. [Hickman, Stephen] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ikeda, R (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Fac Sci, Kita Ku, North 10 West 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. EM ikeryu@mail.sci.hokudai.ac.jp FU International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP) at GFZ; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT); ICDP FX We are grateful to the Operational Support Group of the International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP) at GFZ, especially to Jochem Kueck for his suggestions and discussions throughout this work. We also thank to deWall of Univ. of Erlangen and Huenges of GFZ Potsdam for their discussions on logging and core analyses. The logging in the USDP-4 was operated by Masatoshi Nishi and others of the Schlumberger K.K. Special thanks go to the reviewers for their critical reviews and suggestions. This research was supported and funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT) and the ICDP. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUL 30 PY 2008 VL 175 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.03.036 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 355QX UT WOS:000259724500003 ER PT J AU Ludwig, A Arndt, U Lippold, S Benecke, N Debus, L King, TL Matsumura, S AF Ludwig, Arne Arndt, Ursula Lippold, Sebastian Benecke, Norbert Debus, Lutz King, Timothy L. Matsumura, Shuichi TI Tracing the first steps of American sturgeon pioneers in Europe SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS; ATLANTIC STURGEON; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; ANCIENT DNA; CONTROL REGION; SEA STURGEON; POPULATION; STURIO; OCEAN; SCAPHIRHYNCHUS AB Background: A Baltic population of Atlantic sturgeon was founded similar to 1,200 years ago by migrants from North America, but after centuries of persistence, the population was extirpated in the 1960s, mainly as a result of over-harvest and habitat alterations. As there are four genetically distinct groups of Atlantic sturgeon inhabiting North American rivers today, we investigated the genetic provenance of the historic Baltic population by ancient DNA analyses using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Results: The phylogeographic signal obtained from multilocus microsatellite DNA genotypes and mitochondrial DNA control region haplotypes, when compared to existing baseline datasets from extant populations, allowed for the identification of the region-of-origin of the North American Atlantic sturgeon founders. Moreover, statistical and simulation analyses of the multilocus genotypes allowed for the calculation of the effective number of individuals that originally founded the European population of Atlantic sturgeon. Our findings suggest that the Baltic population of A. oxyrinchus descended from a relatively small number of founders originating from the northern extent of the species' range in North America. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the most northerly distributed North American A. oxyrinchus colonized the Baltic Sea similar to 1,200 years ago, suggesting that Canadian specimens should be the primary source of broodstock used for restoration in Baltic rivers. This study illustrates the great potential of patterns obtained from ancient DNA to identify population-of-origin to investigate historic genotype structure of extinct populations. C1 [Ludwig, Arne; Arndt, Ursula; Lippold, Sebastian] Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, D-12561 Berlin, Germany. [Arndt, Ursula] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Palaeogenet Lab, D-55118 Mainz, Germany. [Arndt, Ursula] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Archaeol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Benecke, Norbert] German Archaeol Inst, Dept Eurasia, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [King, Timothy L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Matsumura, Shuichi] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Matsumura, Shuichi] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, D-12567 Berlin, Germany. RP Ludwig, A (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, D-12561 Berlin, Germany. EM ludwig@izw-berlin.de; uarndt@sfu.ca; sebastian_lippold@eva.mpg.de; nb@dainst.de; l.debus@emf.de; tlking@usgs.gov; matsumur@iiasa.ac.at RI Matsumura, Shuichi/C-7986-2013 OI Matsumura, Shuichi/0000-0002-0368-006X FU German Research Foundation [DFG LU 852/5-1] FX This work was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG LU 852/5-1). We thank Joachim Burger and Michael Hofreiter for their support prior and during ancient DNA analysis, Dietmar Lieckfeldt for technical assistance; Jenny Giles, Jorns Fickel, Michael Hofreiter and three reviewer for their valuable and helpful comments. NR 41 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD JUL 29 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 221 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-8-221 PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 346VB UT WOS:000259096600001 PM 18664258 ER PT J AU Taylor, MJ Bailey, MA Pautet, PD Cummer, SA Jaugey, N Thomas, JN Solorzano, NN Sabbas, FS Holzworth, RH Pinto, O Schuch, NJ AF Taylor, M. J. Bailey, M. A. Pautet, P. D. Cummer, S. A. Jaugey, N. Thomas, J. N. Solorzano, N. N. Sabbas, F. Sao Holzworth, R. H. Pinto, O. Schuch, N. J. TI Rare measurements of a sprite with halo event driven by a negative lightning discharge over Argentina SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB [1] As part of a collaborative campaign to investigate Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) over South America, coordinated optical, ELF/VLF, and lightning measurements were made of a mesoscale thunderstorm observed on February 22-23, 2006 over northern Argentina that produced 445 TLEs within a similar to 6 hour period. Here, we report comprehensive measurements of one of these events, a sprite with halo that was unambiguously associated with a large negative cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning discharge with an impulsive vertical charge moment change (Delta M-Qv) of -503 C. km. This event was similar in its location, morphology and duration to other positive TLEs observed from this storm. However, the downward extent of the negative streamers was limited to 25 km, and their apparent brightness was lower than that of a comparable positive event. Observations of negative CG events are rare, and these measurements provide further evidence that sprites can be driven by upward as well as downward electric fields, as predicted by the conventional breakdown mechanism. C1 [Taylor, M. J.; Bailey, M. A.; Pautet, P. D.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Cummer, S. A.; Jaugey, N.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Thomas, J. N.; Holzworth, R. H.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thomas, J. N.] USGS, Natl Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO USA. [Solorzano, N. N.] Digipen Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Sabbas, F. Sao; Pinto, O.] Natl Inst Space Res, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Schuch, N. J.] Brazilian So Reg Space Res Ctr, BR-97110970 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. RP Taylor, MJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM mtaylor@cc.usu.edu RI Cummer, Steven/A-6118-2008; Pinto Jr., Osmar/D-6022-2013; Sao Sabbas, Fernanda/B-7999-2014; Schuch, Nelson/K-9730-2015 OI Cummer, Steven/0000-0002-0002-0613; Sao Sabbas, Fernanda/0000-0002-4381-7446; Schuch, Nelson/0000-0002-7720-6491 NR 18 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 29 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 14 AR L14812 DI 10.1029/2008GL033984 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 333JO UT WOS:000258149000001 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, A Bhattacharya, P Savage, K Foster, A Bundschuh, J AF Mukherjee, Abhijit Bhattacharya, Prosun Savage, Kaye Foster, Andrea Bundschuh, Jochen TI Distribution of geogenic arsenic in hydrologic systems: Controls and challenges SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE arsenic; groundwater; drinking water; redox; sediment ID WESTERN BENGAL BASIN; DEL-ESTERO PROVINCE; GROUNDWATER; CONTAMINATION; ARGENTINA; INDIA AB The presence of elevated concentration of arsenic (As) in natural hydrologic systems is regarded as the most formidable environmental crisis in the contemporary world. With its substantial presence in the drinking water of more than thirty countries worldwide, and with an affected population of more than 100 million, it has been termed as the largest mass poisoning in human history. In this special issue, we have tried to provide the most recent research advances on controls and challenges of this severe groundwater contaminant. The articles in this issue, originally presented in the 2006 Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, address the distribution of As in various geologic and geographic settings, the controls of redox and other geochemical parameters on its spatial and temporal variability, the influence of sedimentology and stratigraphy on its occurrence, and mechanisms controlling its mobility. The knowledge available from these studies should provide a roadmap for future research in arsenic contamination hydrology. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mukherjee, Abhijit] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Bhattacharya, Prosun] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Int Groundwater Arsen Res Grp, Dept Land & Water Resources Engn, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Savage, Kaye] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Foster, Andrea] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bundschuh, Jochen] PySA, ICE, UEN, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Mukherjee, A (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, 10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM abhijit.Mukherjee@beg.utexas.edu; prosun@kth.se; k.savage@vanderbilt.edu; afoster@usgs.gov; jochenbundschuh@yahoo.com RI Bhattacharya, Prosun/B-1564-2010; OI Bhattacharya, Prosun/0000-0003-4350-9950; Bundschuh, Jochen/0000-0002-4900-5633 NR 45 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JUL 29 PY 2008 VL 99 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.04.002 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 346FW UT WOS:000259055100001 PM 18514970 ER PT J AU Sharif, MU Davis, RK Steele, KF Kim, B Hays, PD Kresse, TM Fazio, JA AF Sharif, M. U. Davis, R. K. Steele, K. F. Kim, B. Hays, P. D. Kresse, T. M. Fazio, J. A. TI Distribution and variability of redox zones controlling spatial variability of arsenic in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, southeastern Arkansas SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic (As); aquitard; sequential extraction; recharge potential; redox ID SEDIMENTARY AQUIFERS; SULFATE REDUCTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; UNITED-STATES; GROUND-WATER; WEST-BENGAL; BANGLADESH; IRON; MOBILIZATION; SPECIATION AB Twenty one of 118 irrigation water wells in the shallow (25-30 m thick) Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in the Bayou Bartholomew watershed, southeastern Arkansas had arsenic (As) concentrations (< 0.5 to 77 mu g/L) exceeding 10 mu g/L Sediment and groundwater samples were collected and analyzed from the sites of the highest, median, and lowest concentrations of As in groundwater in the alluvial aquifers located at Jefferson County, Arkansas. A traditional five-step sequential extraction was performed to differentiate the exchangeable, carbonate, amorphous Fe and Mn oxide, organic, and hot HNO3-leachable fraction of As and other compounds in sediments. The Chao reagent (0.25 M hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 0.25 M HCl) removes amorphous Fe and Mn oxides and oxyhydroxides (present as coatings on grains and amorphous minerals) by reductive dissolution and is a measure of reducible Fe and Mn in sediments. The hot HNO3 extraction removes mostly crystalline metal oxides and all other labile forms of As. Significant total As (20%) is complexed with amorphous Fe and Mn oxides in sediments. Arsenic abundance is not significant in carbonates or organic matter. Significant (40-70 mu g/kg) exchangeable As is only present at shallow depth (0-1 m below ground surface). Arsenic is positively correlated to Fe extracted by Chao reagent (r=0.83) and hot HNO3 (r=0.85). Arsenic extracted by Chao reagent decreases significantly with depth as compared to As extracted by hot HNO3. Fe (II)/Fe (the ratio of Fe concentration in the extracts of Chao reagent and hot HNO3) is positively correlated (r=0.76) to As extracted from Chao reagent. Although re(II)/Fe increases with depth, the relative abundance of reducible Fe decreases noticeably with depth. The amount of reducible Fe, as well as As complexed to amorphous Fe and Mn oxides and oxyhydroxides decreases with depth. Possible explanations for the decrease in reducible Fe and its complexed As with depth include historic flushing of As and Fe from hydrous ferric oxides (HFO) by microbially-mediated reductive dissolution and aging of HFO to crystalline phases. Hydrogeochemical data suggests that the groundwater in the area falls in the mildly reducing (suboxic) to relatively highly reducing (anoxic) zone, and points to reductive dissolution of HFO as the dominant As release mechanism. Spatial variability of gypsum solubility and simultaneous SO42- reduction with co-precipitation of As and sulfide is an important limiting process controlling the concentration of As in groundwater in the area. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sharif, M. U.; Davis, R. K.; Steele, K. F.; Kim, B.; Hays, P. D.] Univ Arkansas, Environm Dynam Program, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Kresse, T. M.] Arkansas Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. [Fazio, J. A.] Arkansas Dept Environm Qual, Water Div, Little Rock, AR 72219 USA. RP Sharif, MU (reprint author), GENIVAR, 600 Cochrane Dr,Suite 500, Markham, ON L3R 5K3, Canada. EM md.sharif@gmail.com NR 55 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JUL 29 PY 2008 VL 99 IS 1-4 BP 49 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.03.001 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 346FW UT WOS:000259055100005 PM 18486990 ER PT J AU Pojeta, J DuFoe, J AF Pojeta, John, Jr. DuFoe, Jimmie TI New information about Echinochiton dufoei, the Ordovician spiny chiton SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Chiton Research CY JUL 31, 2006 CL Seattle, WA DE mollusca; polyplacophora; fossil; Wisconsin ID INVERTEBRATE EVOLUTION; VERMIFORM MOLLUSK; POLYPLACOPHORA; ACAENOPLAX; POLYCHAETE; ENGLAND AB Echinochiton dufoei Pojeta et al., 2003 is now known from seven specimens. The new material shows the anterior end and allows for a full reconstruction of the animal. The hollow spines are circumsomal; they were flexible and perhaps moveable in rotary anterior-posterior directions. Possible functions for the hollow spines are discussed. The relationships of E. dufoei to other chitons and to other molluscs and mollusc-like organisms are presented. C1 [Pojeta, John, Jr.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Nat Hist, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Pojeta, John, Jr.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Pojeta, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Nat Hist, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM pojetaj@si.edu; jdufoe2001@yahoo.com NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL SOC, INC PI WILMINGTON PA DELAWARE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, BOX 3937, WILMINGTON, DE 19807-0937 USA SN 0740-2783 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PD JUL 28 PY 2008 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 34 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 335TN UT WOS:000258313800004 ER PT J AU Fienen, MN Clemo, T Kitanidis, PK AF Fienen, Michael N. Clemo, Tom Kitanidis, Peter K. TI An interactive Bayesian geostatistical inverse protocol for hydraulic tomography SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NATURAL GRADIENT EXPERIMENT; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; PUMPING TESTS; SAND AQUIFER; IDENTIFICATION; CONDUCTIVITY; FLOW; MOMENTS AB Hydraulic tomography is a powerful technique for characterizing heterogeneous hydrogeologic parameters. An explicit trade-off between characterization based on measurement misfit and subjective characterization using prior information is presented. We apply a Bayesian geostatistical inverse approach that is well suited to accommodate a flexible model with the level of complexity driven by the data and explicitly considering uncertainty. Prior information is incorporated through the selection of a parameter covariance model characterizing continuity and providing stability. Often, discontinuities in the parameter field, typically caused by geologic contacts between contrasting lithologic units, necessitate subdivision into zones across which there is no correlation among hydraulic parameters. We propose an interactive protocol in which zonation candidates are implied from the data and are evaluated using cross validation and expert knowledge. Uncertainty introduced by limited knowledge of dynamic regional conditions is mitigated by using drawdown rather than native head values. An adjoint state formulation of MODFLOW-2000 is used to calculate sensitivities which are used both for the solution to the inverse problem and to guide protocol decisions. The protocol is tested using synthetic two-dimensional steady state examples in which the wells are located at the edge of the region of interest. C1 [Fienen, Michael N.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Kitanidis, Peter K.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Clemo, Tom] Boise State Univ, Ctr Geophys Invest Shallow Subsurface, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Fienen, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM mnfienen@usgs.gov; tomc@cgiss.boisestate.edu; peterk@stanford.edu RI Fienen, Michael/D-2479-2009 OI Fienen, Michael/0000-0002-7756-4651 NR 57 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 25 PY 2008 VL 44 AR W00B01 DI 10.1029/2007WR006730 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 331HR UT WOS:000258003800002 ER PT J AU Schaefer, JR Scott, WE Evans, WC Jorgenson, J McGimsey, RG Wang, B AF Schaefer, Janet R. Scott, William E. Evans, William C. Jorgenson, Janet McGimsey, Robert G. Wang, Bronwen TI The 2005 catastrophic acid crater lake drainage, lahar, and acidic aerosol formation at Mount Chiginagak volcano, Alaska, USA: Field observations and preliminary water and vegetation chemistry results SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE crater lake; volcanic gas; volcanic aerosols; lahar; flood; acidic aerosols ID POTENTIALLY TOXIC ELEMENTS; COSTA-RICA; POAS VOLCANO; DEPOSITION; ALUMINUM; PROVINCE; PLANTS; IRON AB [1] A mass of snow and ice 400-m-wide and 105-m-thick began melting in the summit crater of Mount Chiginagak volcano sometime between November 2004 and early May 2005, presumably owing to increased heat flux from the hydrothermal system, or possibly from magma intrusion and degassing. In early May 2005, an estimated 3.8 x 10(6) m(3) of sulfurous, clay-rich debris and acidic water, with an accompanying acidic aerosol component, exited the crater through a tunnel at the base of a glacier that breaches the south crater rim. Over 27 km downstream, the acidic waters of the flood inundated an important salmon spawning drainage, acidifying Mother Goose Lake from surface to depth ( approximately 0.5 km(3) in volume at a pH of 2.9 to 3.1), killing all aquatic life, and preventing the annual salmon run. Over 2 months later, crater lake water sampled 8 km downstream of the outlet after considerable dilution from glacial meltwater was a weak sulfuric acid solution (pH = 3.2, SO(4) = 504 mg/L, Cl = 53.6 mg/L, and F = 7.92 mg/L). The acid flood waters caused severe vegetation damage, including plant death and leaf kill along the flood path. The crater lake drainage was accompanied by an ambioructic flow of acidic aerosols that followed the flood path, contributing to defoliation and necrotic leaf damage to vegetation in a 29 km 2 area along and above affected streams, in areas to heights of over 150 m above stream level. Moss species killed in the event contained high levels of sulfur, indicating extremely elevated atmospheric sulfur content. The most abundant airborne phytotoxic constituent was likely sulfuric acid aerosols that were generated during the catastrophic partial crater lake drainage event. Two mechanisms of acidic aerosol formation are proposed: (1) generation of aerosol mist through turbulent flow of acidic water and (2) catastrophic gas exsolution. This previously undocumented phenomenon of simultaneous vegetation-damaging acidic aerosols accompanying drainage of an acidic crater lake has important implications for the study of hazards associated with active volcanic crater lakes. C1 [Schaefer, Janet R.] Alaska Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Scott, William E.] US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Evans, William C.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jorgenson, Janet] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arct Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [McGimsey, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Schaefer, JR (reprint author), Alaska Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 3354 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM janet.schaefer@alaska.gov RI Evans, William/J-4283-2012 NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUL 24 PY 2008 VL 9 AR Q07018 DI 10.1029/2007GC001900 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 331EF UT WOS:000257994800001 ER PT J AU Parsons, T Ji, C Kirby, E AF Parsons, Tom Ji, Chen Kirby, Eric TI Stress changes from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Sichuan basin SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC HAZARD AB On 12 May 2008, the devastating magnitude 7.9 (Wenchuan) earthquake struck the eastern edge of the Tibetan plateau, collapsing buildings and killing thousands in major cities aligned along the western Sichuan basin in China. After such a large-magnitude earthquake, rearrangement of stresses in the crust commonly leads to subsequent damaging earthquakes(1-5). The mainshock of the 12 May earthquake ruptured with as much as 9m of slip along the boundary between the Longmen Shan and Sichuan basin, and demonstrated the complex strike-slip and thrust motion(6) that characterizes the region(7,8). The Sichuan basin and surroundings are also crossed by other active strike-slip and thrust faults. Here we present calculations of the coseismic stress changes that resulted from the 12 May event using models of those faults, and show that many indicate significant stress increases. Rapid mapping of such stress changes can help to locate fault sections with relatively higher odds of producing large aftershocks. C1 [Parsons, Tom] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ji, Chen] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kirby, Eric] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 13 TC 202 Z9 264 U1 9 U2 137 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 24 PY 2008 VL 454 IS 7203 BP 509 EP 510 DI 10.1038/nature07177 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 329IC UT WOS:000257860300049 PM 18600260 ER PT J AU Kuris, AM Hechinger, RF Shaw, JC Whitney, KL Aguirre-Macedo, L Boch, CA Dobson, AP Dunham, EJ Fredensborg, BL Huspeni, TC Lorda, J Mababa, L Mancini, FT Mora, AB Pickering, M Talhouk, NL Torchin, ME Lafferty, KD AF Kuris, Armand M. Hechinger, Ryan F. Shaw, Jenny C. Whitney, Kathleen L. Aguirre-Macedo, Leopoldina Boch, Charlie A. Dobson, Andrew P. Dunham, Eleca J. Fredensborg, Brian L. Huspeni, Todd C. Lorda, Julio Mababa, Luzviminda Mancini, Frank T. Mora, Adrienne B. Pickering, Maria Talhouk, Nadia L. Torchin, Mark E. Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Ecosystem energetic implications of parasite and free-living biomass in three estuaries SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID FOOD-WEB; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; BODY-SIZE; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY AB Parasites can have strong impacts but are thought to contribute little biomass to ecosystems(1-3). We quantified the biomass of free-living and parasitic species in three estuaries on the Pacific coast of California and Baja California. Here we show that parasites have substantial biomass in these ecosystems. We found that parasite biomass exceeded that of top predators. The biomass of trematodes was particularly high, being comparable to that of the abundant birds, fishes, burrowing shrimps and polychaetes. Trophically transmitted parasites and parasitic castrators subsumed more biomass than did other parasitic functional groups. The extended phenotype biomass controlled by parasitic castrators sometimes exceeded that of their uninfected hosts. The annual production of free-swimming trematode transmission stages was greater than the combined biomass of all quantified parasites and was also greater than bird biomass. This biomass and productivity of parasites implies a profound role for infectious processes in these estuaries. C1 [Kuris, Armand M.; Hechinger, Ryan F.; Shaw, Jenny C.; Whitney, Kathleen L.; Boch, Charlie A.; Lorda, Julio; Mababa, Luzviminda; Talhouk, Nadia L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Aguirre-Macedo, Leopoldina] IPN, Ctr Invest & Estud Avanzados, Merida 97310, Mexico. [Dobson, Andrew P.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dunham, Eleca J.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fredensborg, Brian L.] Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Biol, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. [Huspeni, Todd C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Mancini, Frank T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Mora, Adrienne B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Pickering, Maria] Univ Connecticut, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Torchin, Mark E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 03092, Panama. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Kuris, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM kuris@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Aguirre-Macedo, Ma Leopoldina/A-2511-2008; Lorda, Julio/A-3951-2009; Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; Hechinger, Ryan/F-6754-2010; Fredensborg, Brian/A-5632-2010; Fredensborg, Brian Lund/G-1548-2014 OI Aguirre-Macedo, Ma Leopoldina/0000-0002-3910-8305; Lorda, Julio/0000-0002-4293-7518; Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; Fredensborg, Brian Lund/0000-0002-4837-5974 NR 30 TC 213 Z9 224 U1 12 U2 136 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 24 PY 2008 VL 454 IS 7203 BP 515 EP 518 DI 10.1038/nature06970 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 329IC UT WOS:000257860300051 PM 18650923 ER PT J AU Rolandone, F Burgmann, R Agnew, DC Johanson, IA Templeton, DC d'Alessio, MA Titus, SJ DeMets, C Tikoff, B AF Rolandone, F. Buergmann, R. Agnew, D. C. Johanson, I. A. Templeton, D. C. d'Alessio, M. A. Titus, S. J. DeMets, C. Tikoff, B. TI Aseismic slip and fault-normal strain along the central creeping section of the San Andreas fault SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2004 PARKFIELD EARTHQUAKE; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS; SYSTEM; DEFORMATION; SEGMENT; MOTION; SPACE AB We use GPS data to measure the aseismic slip along the central San Andreas fault (CSAF) and the deformation across adjacent faults. Comparison of EDM and GPS data sets implies that, except for small-scale transients, the fault motion has been steady over the last 40 years. We add 42 new GPS velocities along the CSAF to constrain the regional strain distribution. Shear strain rates are less than 0.083 +/- 0.010 mu strain/yr adjacent to the creeping SAF, with 1 - 4.5 mm/yr of contraction across the Coast Ranges. Dislocation modeling of the data gives a deep, long-term slip rate of 31 - 35 mm/yr and a shallow (0 - 12 km) creep rate of 28 mm/yr along the central portion of the CSAF, consistent with surface creep measurements. The lower shallow slip rate may be due to the effect of partial locking along the CSAF or reflect reduced creep rates late in the earthquake cycle of the adjoining SAF rupture zones. C1 [Rolandone, F.] Univ Paris 06, Lab Tecton, CNRS, UMR7072, F-75252 Paris, France. [Buergmann, R.; Templeton, D. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Agnew, D. C.] Univ Calif San Diego, IGPP 0225, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Johanson, I. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [d'Alessio, M. A.] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. [Titus, S. J.; DeMets, C.; Tikoff, B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Rolandone, F (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Lab Tecton, CNRS, UMR7072, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France. EM frederique.rolandone@upmc.fr RI Templeton, Dennise/J-8254-2015 OI Templeton, Dennise/0000-0003-0598-7273 NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 22 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 14 AR L14305 DI 10.1029/2008GL034437 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 331EM UT WOS:000257995500006 ER PT J AU Hale, RC Gallo, KP Loveland, TR AF Hale, Robert C. Gallo, Kevin P. Loveland, Thomas R. TI Influences of specific land use/land cover conversions on climatological normals of near-surface temperature SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TIME-SERIES; CLIMATE; IMPACT; URBANIZATION AB Quantification of the effects of land use/land cover (LULC) changes on proximal measurements of near-surface air temperature is crucial to a better understanding of natural and anthropogenically induced climate change. In this study, data from stations utilized in deriving U. S. climatological temperature normals were analyzed in conjunction with NCEP-NCAR 50-Year Reanalysis (NNR) estimates and highly accurate LULC change maps in order to isolate the effects of LULC change from other climatological factors. While the "Normals'' temperatures exhibited considerable warming in both minima and maxima, the NNR data revealed that the majority of the warming of maximum temperatures was not due to nearby LULC change. Warming of minimum temperatures was roughly evenly split between the effects of LULC change and other influences. Furthermore, the effects of LULC change varied considerably depending upon the particular type of land cover conversion that occurred. Urbanization, in particular, was found to result in warming of minima and maxima, while some LULC conversions that might be expected to have significantly altered nearby temperatures (e. g., clear-cutting of forests) did not. C1 [Hale, Robert C.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Loveland, Thomas R.] USGS, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Gallo, Kevin P.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Hale, RC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Dept 1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rhale@usgs.gov RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 19 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D14 AR D14113 DI 10.1029/2007JD009548 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 328KX UT WOS:000257798400001 ER PT J AU Guo, HP Jiao, JJ Weeks, EP AF Guo, Haipeng Jiao, Jiu J. Weeks, Edwin P. TI Rain-induced subsurface airflow and Lisse effect SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AMPT INFILTRATION EQUATION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; BROOKS-COREY; SOIL; WATER; PARAMETERS; RECHARGE; GREEN; PRESSURE AB Water-level increase after rainfall is usually indicative of rainfall recharge to groundwater. This, however, may not be true if the Lisse effect occurs. This effect represents the water-level increase in a well driven by airflow induced by an advancing wetting front during highly intensive rains. The rainwater, which may behave like a low-permeability lid, seals the ground surface so that the air pressure beneath the wetting front is increased because of air compression due to downward movement of the wetting front. A rapid and substantial rise of the water level in the well screened below water table, which bears no relationship to groundwater recharge, can be induced when various factors such as soil properties and the rain-runoff condition combine favorably. A transient, three-dimensional and variably saturated flow model was employed to study the air and groundwater flows in the soil under rain conditions. The objectives of this paper are two-fold: to evaluate the reliability of the theory of the Lisse effect presented by Weeks to predict its magnitude in modeled situations that mimic the physical complexity of real aquifers, and to conduct parametric studies on the sensitivity of the water-level rise in the well to soil properties and the rain event. The simulation results reveal that the magnitude of the Lisse effect increases with the ponding depth. Soil permeability plays a key role in generating the Lisse effect. The water-level rise in the well is delayed relative to the air-pressure rise in the unsaturated zone when the soil permeability is low, and the maximum water-level rise is less than the maximum air pressure induced by rain infiltration. The simulation also explores the sensitivity of the Lisse effect to the van Genuchten parameters and the water table depth. C1 [Guo, Haipeng; Jiao, Jiu J.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Weeks, Edwin P.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Guo, HP (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, James Lee Sci Bldg,Room 211,Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM hpguo@hkusua.hku.hk; jjiao@hku.hk; epweeks@usgs.gov RI Jiao, Jiu/B-5185-2008 OI Jiao, Jiu/0000-0002-7180-6488 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 18 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 7 AR W07409 DI 10.1029/2007WR006294 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 328MY UT WOS:000257803700001 ER PT J AU Mustard, JF Murchie, SL Pelkey, SM Ehlmann, BL Milliken, RE Grant, JA Bibring, JP Poulet, F Bishop, J Dobrea, EN Roach, L Seelos, F Arvidson, RE Wiseman, S Green, R Hash, C Humm, D Malaret, E McGovern, JA Seelos, K Clancy, T Clark, R Des Marais, D Izenberg, N Knudson, A Langevin, Y Martin, T McGuire, P Morris, R Robinson, M Roush, T Smith, M Swayze, G Taylor, H Titus, T Wolff, M AF Mustard, John F. Murchie, S. L. Pelkey, S. M. Ehlmann, B. L. Milliken, R. E. Grant, J. A. Bibring, J. -P. Poulet, F. Bishop, J. Dobrea, E. Noe Roach, L. Seelos, F. Arvidson, R. E. Wiseman, S. Green, R. Hash, C. Humm, D. Malaret, E. McGovern, J. A. Seelos, K. Clancy, T. Clark, R. Des Marais, D. Izenberg, N. Knudson, A. Langevin, Y. Martin, T. McGuire, P. Morris, R. Robinson, M. Roush, T. Smith, M. Swayze, G. Taylor, H. Titus, T. Wolff, M. TI Hydrated silicate minerals on mars observed by the Mars reconnaissance orbiter CRISM instrument SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID OLIVINE; DIVERSITY; REGION AB Phyllosilicates, a class of hydrous mineral first definitively identified on Mars by the OMEGA ( Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, L'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activitie') instrument(1,2), preserve a record of the interaction of water with rocks on Mars. Global mapping showed that phyllosilicates are widespread but are apparently restricted to ancient terrains and a relatively narrow range of mineralogy ( Fe/ Mg and Al smectite clays). This was interpreted to indicate that phyllosilicate formation occurred during the Noachian ( the earliest geological era of Mars), and that the conditions necessary for phyllosilicate formation ( moderate to high pH and high water activity(3)) were specific to surface environments during the earliest era of Mars's history(4). Here we report results from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM)(5) of phyllosilicate- rich regions. We expand the diversity of phyllosilicate mineralogy with the identification of kaolinite, chlorite and illite or muscovite, and a new class of hydrated silicate ( hydrated silica). We observe diverse Fe/ Mg-OH phyllosilicates and find that smectites such as nontronite and saponite are the most common, but chlorites are also present in some locations. Stratigraphic relationships in the Nili Fossae region show olivine- rich materials overlying phyllosilicate- bearing units, indicating the cessation of aqueous alteration before emplacement of the olivine- bearing unit. Hundreds of detections of Fe/ Mg phyllosilicate in rims, ejecta and central peaks of craters in the southern highland Noachian cratered terrain indicate excavation of altered crust from depth. We also find phyllosilicate in sedimentary deposits clearly laid by water. These results point to a rich diversity of Noachian environments conducive to habitability. C1 [Mustard, John F.; Pelkey, S. M.; Ehlmann, B. L.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Murchie, S. L.; Seelos, F.; Humm, D.; McGovern, J. A.; Seelos, K.; Izenberg, N.; Taylor, H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Milliken, R. E.; Dobrea, E. Noe; Green, R.; Martin, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Grant, J. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Bibring, J. -P.; Poulet, F.; Langevin, Y.] Ctr Univ Paris Sud, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Bishop, J.; Des Marais, D.; Roush, T.] Ames Res Ctr, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Arvidson, R. E.; Wiseman, S.; Knudson, A.; McGuire, P.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Hash, C.; Malaret, E.] Appl Coherent Technol, Herndon, VA 22070 USA. [Clancy, T.; Swayze, G.; Wolff, M.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Clark, R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Morris, R.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Robinson, M.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Smith, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Titus, T.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Mustard, JF (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM john_mustard@brown.edu RI Smith, Michael/C-8875-2012; McGuire, Patrick/D-2962-2013; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; Izenberg, Noam/F-3952-2015; Seelos, Kimberly/F-4647-2015; Humm, David/B-8825-2016; Seelos, Frank/C-7875-2016 OI McGuire, Patrick/0000-0001-6592-4966; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Izenberg, Noam/0000-0003-1629-6478; Seelos, Kimberly/0000-0001-7236-0580; Humm, David/0000-0003-1520-261X; Seelos, Frank/0000-0001-9721-941X NR 31 TC 356 Z9 359 U1 14 U2 85 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 17 PY 2008 VL 454 IS 7202 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.1038/nature07097 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 326ND UT WOS:000257665300032 PM 18633411 ER PT J AU Lemke, KH Rosenbauer, RJ Bischoff, JL Bird, DK AF Lemke, Kono H. Rosenbauer, Robert J. Bischoff, James L. Bird, Dennis K. TI An hydrothermal experimental study of the cobalt-cobalt oxide redox buffer SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal; cobalt; cobalt oxide; hydrogen; redox buffer; thermochemistry ID GIBBS FREE-ENERGY; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; SOLID ELECTROLYTES; EMF-MEASUREMENTS; GALVANIC CELLS; OXYGEN BUFFERS; COO; NIO; REDUCTION AB Equilibrium aqueous hydrogen concentration and corresponding energies of reaction, Delta G(rxn)(o)(T, P), for the reaction Co-(s) +H2O(1) = CoO(s) +H-2(aq) have been determined at temperatures between 256 and 355 degrees C and at 400 bar. Steady-state concentrations of hydrogen were approached in experiments under conditions of both H-2 excess and deficiency containing the solids Co, CoO and liquid water. All experiments were carried out in flexible gold and titanium reactors with the capability of on-line fluid sampling. Measured equilibrium molal concentrations of H-2(aq) at 256, 274, 300, 324 and 355 degrees C are 0.81(+/- 0.01).10(-3) 1.11(+/- 0.01).10(-3), 1.92(+/- 0.01).10(-3), 3.71(+/- 0.06).10(-3), 7.54 (+/- 0.12).10(-3), respectively, and corresponding values of Delta G(rxn)(o)(T, P) in units kJ.mol(-1) are 31.4(+/- 0.1), 31.0(+/- 0.1), 29.8(+/- 0.1), 27.7(+/- 0.5) and 25.5(+/- 0.9), respectively. Using published heat capacity data for Co-(s) and CoO(s) and -79.6 J . mol(-1). K-1 for the entropy of formation of CoO we calculated for this study a value for Delta G(CoO,Tr'Pr)(o) = -214.5(+/- 0.9) kJ.mol(-1) and Delta H-CoO,Tr'Pr(o) =-238.3(+/- 0.9) kJ.mol(-1) at degrees 25 C and 1 bar. The value of Delta H-CoO,Tr'Pr(o) determined in this study compares well with the reported calorimetric value of -238.9(+/- 1.2) kJ.mol(-1) [Boyle, B.J., King, E.G., Conway, K.C., 1954. Heats of formation of nickel and cobalt oxides (NiO and CoO) by combustion calorimetry. C1 [Lemke, Kono H.; Bird, Dennis K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lemke, Kono H.; Rosenbauer, Robert J.; Bischoff, James L.] US Geol Survey, Hydrothermal Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lemke, KH (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, James H Lee Sci Bldg,Pofkulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM kono@hku.hk RI Lemke, Kono Heinz/D-3096-2009 NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 252 IS 3-4 BP 136 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.02.005 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 330WW UT WOS:000257974500003 ER PT J AU Gammons, CH Nimick, DA Parker, SR Snyder, DM McCleskey, RB Amils, R Poulson, SR AF Gammons, Christopher H. Nimick, David A. Parker, Stephen R. Snyder, Dean M. McCleskey, R. Blaine Amils, Ricardo Poulson, Simon R. TI Photoreduction fuels biogeochemical cycling of iron in Spain's acid rivers SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tinto; geochemistry; photoreduction; iron; microbiology; astrobiology ID IBERIAN PYRITE BELT; RATE-DETERMINING STEP; MINE DRAINAGE; TINTO-RIVER; RIO-TINTO; MOUNTAIN STREAM; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; SOUTHWESTERN SPAIN; FE(II) OXIDATION; MERIDIANI-PLANUM AB A number of investigations have shown that photoreduction of Fe(III) causes midday accumulations of dissolved Fe(II) in rivers and lakes, leading to large diel (24-h) fluctuations in the concentration and speciation of total dissolved iron. Less well appreciated is the importance of photoreduction in providing chemical energy for bacteria to thrive in low pH waters. Diel variations in water chemistry from the highly acidic (pH 2.3 to 3.1) Rio Tinto, Rio Odiel, and Rio Agrio of southwestern Spain (Iberian Pyrite Belt) resulted in daytime increases in Fe(II) concentration of 15 to 66 mu M at four diel sampling locations. Dissolved Fe(II) concentrations increased with solar radiation, and one of the stream sites showed an antithetic relationship between dissolved Fe(II) and Fe(III) concentrations; both results are consistent with photoreduction. The diel data were used to estimate rates of microbially catalyzed Fe(II) oxidation (1 to 3 nmol L-1 s(-1)) and maximum rates of Fe(III) photoreduction (1.7 to 4.3 nmol L-1 s(-1)). Bioenergetic calculations indicate that the latter rates are sufficient to build up a population of Fe-oxidizing bacteria to the levels observed in the Rio Tinto in about 30 days. We conclude that photoreduction plays an important role in the bioenergetics of the bacterial communities of these acidic rivers, which have previously been shown to be dominated by autotrophic Fe(II)oxidizers such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospitillum ferrooxidans. Given the possibility of the previous existence of acidic, Fe(III)-rich water on Mars, photoreduction may be an important process on other planets, a fact that could have implications to astrobiological research. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gammons, Christopher H.; Snyder, Dean M.] Montana Tech Univ Montana, Dept Geol Engn, Butte, MT USA. [Nimick, David A.] US Geol Survey, Helena, MT USA. [Parker, Stephen R.] Montana Tech Univ Montana, Dept Chem & Geochem, Butte, MT USA. [McCleskey, R. Blaine] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Amils, Ricardo] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Ctr Biol Mol, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Amils, Ricardo] Ctr Astrobiol, Madrid, Spain. [Poulson, Simon R.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Gammons, CH (reprint author), Montana Tech Univ Montana, Dept Geol Engn, Butte, MT USA. EM cgammons@mtech.edu; dnimick@usgs.gov; sparker@mtech.edu; rbmccles@usgs.gov; ramils@cbm.uam.es; poulson@mines.unr.edu OI Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192; McCleskey, Richard/0000-0002-2521-8052 NR 80 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 252 IS 3-4 BP 202 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.03.004 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 330WW UT WOS:000257974500009 ER PT J AU Rouxel, O Shanks, WC Bach, W Edwards, KJ AF Rouxel, Olivier Shanks, Wayne C. Bach, Wolfgang, III Edwards, Katrina J. TI Integrated Fe- and S-isotope study of seafloor hydrothermal vents at East Pacific rise 9-10 degrees N SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE iron isotopes; sulfur isotopes; hydrothermal systems; sulfide deposits ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; DE-FUCA RIDGE; SPREADING MIDOCEAN RIDGES; MC-ICP-MS; IRON ISOTOPES; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; SULFIDE DEPOSITS; GEOCHEMICAL TRACERS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SULFATE REDUCTION AB In this study, we report on coupled Fe- and S-isotope systematics of hydrothermal fluids and sulfide deposits from the East Pacific Rise at 9-10 degrees N to better constrain processes affecting Fe-isotope fractionation in hydrothermal environments. We aim to address three fundamental questions: (1) Is there significant Fe-isotope fractionation during sulfide precipitation? (2) Is there significant variability of Fe-isotope composition of the hydrothermal fluids reflecting sulfide precipitation in subsurface environments? (3) Are there any systematics between Fe- and S-isotopes in sulfide minerals? The results show that chalcopyrite, precipitating in the interior wall of a hydrothermal chimney displays a limited range of delta(56)Fe values and delta(34)S values, between -0.11 to -0.33 parts per thousand and 2.2 to 2.6 parts per thousand respectively. The delta(56)Fe values are, on average, slightly higher by 0.14 parts per thousand relative to coeval vent fluid composition while delta(34)S values suggest significant S-isotope fractionation (-0.6 +/- 0.2 parts per thousand) during chalcopyrite precipitation. In contrast, systematically lower delta(56)Fe and delta(34)S values relative to hydrothermal fluids, by up to 0.91 parts per thousand and 2.0 parts per thousand respectively, are observed in pyrite and marcasite precipitating in the interior of active chimneys. These results suggest isotope disequilibrium in both Fe- and S-isotopes due to S-isotopic exchange between hydrothermal H(2)S and seawater SO(4)(2-) followed by rapid formation of pyrite from FeS precursors, thus preserving the effects of a strong kinetic Fe-isotope fractionation during FeS precipitation. In contrast, delta(56) Fe and delta(34)S values of pyrite from inactive massive sulfides, which show evidence of extensive late-stage reworking, are essentially similar to the hydrothermal fluids. Multiple stages of remineralization of ancient chimney deposits at the seafloor appear to produce minimal Fe-isotope fractionation. Similar affects are indicated during subsurface sulfide precipitation as demonstrated by the lack of systematic differences between delta(56)Fe values in both high-temperature, Fe-rich black smokers and lower-temperature, Fe-depleted vents. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rouxel, Olivier; Bach, Wolfgang, III; Edwards, Katrina J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Shanks, Wayne C.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Bach, Wolfgang, III] Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Edwards, Katrina J.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Rouxel, O (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, MS 25, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM orouxel@whoi.edu RI Rouxel, Olivier/F-3954-2014; Bach, Wolfgang/D-3713-2017 OI Bach, Wolfgang/0000-0002-3099-7142 NR 72 TC 71 Z9 78 U1 6 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 252 IS 3-4 BP 214 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.03.009 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 330WW UT WOS:000257974500010 ER PT J AU Torres, ME Trehu, AM Cespedes, N Kastner, M Wortmann, UG Kim, JH Long, P Malinverno, A Pohlman, JW Riedel, M Collett, T AF Torres, M. E. Trehu, A. M. Cespedes, N. Kastner, M. Wortmann, U. G. Kim, J. -H. Long, P. Malinverno, A. Pohlman, J. W. Riedel, M. Collett, T. TI Methane hydrate formation in turbidite sediments of northern Cascadia, IODP Expedition 311 SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE methane hydrate; Cascadia margin; grain size; infrared scans ID GAS-HYDRATE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; POROUS-MEDIA; RIDGE; DISSOCIATION; CONSTRAINTS; SUBSURFACE; ENRICHMENT; OREGON; RATES AB Expedition 311 of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) to northern Cascadia recovered gas-hydrate bearing sediments along a SW-NE transect from the first ridge of the accretionary margin to the eastward limit of gas-hydrate stability. In this study we contrast the gas gas-hydrate distribution from two sites drilled similar to 8 km apart in different tectonic settings. At Site U1325, drilled on a depositional basin with nearly horizontal sedimentary sequences, the gas-hydrate distribution shows a trend of increasing saturation toward the base of gas-hydrate stability, consistent with several model simulations in the literature. Site U1326 was drilled on an uplifted ridge characterized by faulting, which has likely experienced some mass wasting events. Here the gas hydrate does not show a clear depth-distribution trend, the highest gas-hydrate saturation occurs well within the gas-hydrate stability zone at the shallow depth of similar to 49 mbsf. Sediments at both sites are characterized by abundant coarse-grained (sand) layers up to 23 cm in thickness, and are interspaced within fine-grained (clay and silty clay) detrital sediments. The gas-hydrate distribution is punctuated by localized depth intervals of high gas-hydrate saturation, which preferentially occur in the coarse-grained horizons and occupy up to 60% of the pore space at Site U1325 and >80% at Site U1326. Detailed analyses of contiguous samples of different lithologies show that when enough methane is present, about 90% of the variance in gas-hydrate saturation can be explained by the sand (>63 mu m) content of the sediments. The variability in gas-hydrate occupancy of sandy horizons at Site U1326 reflects an insufficient methane supply to the sediment section between 190 and 245 mbsf. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Torres, M. E.; Trehu, A. M.; Cespedes, N.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kastner, M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wortmann, U. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. [Kim, J. -H.] KIGAM, Petr & Marine Resources Res Div, Taejon 305350, South Korea. [Long, P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Malinverno, A.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Pohlman, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Riedel, M.] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. [Collett, T.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Torres, ME (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mtorres@coas.oregonstate.edu OI Wortmann, Ulrich/0000-0001-7854-9173; Kim, Ji-Hoon/0000-0003-2430-3869 NR 37 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 271 IS 1-4 BP 170 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.03.061 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 328ZB UT WOS:000257835600016 ER PT J AU Schill, WB Mathes, MV AF Schill, William B. Mathes, Melvin V. TI Real-time PCR detection and quantification of mine potential sources of fecal contamination by analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b targets SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; DNA-SEQUENCES; FRESH-WATER; POLLUTION; GENE; SEDIMENT; MARKER; ASSAY; FECES; IDENTIFICATION AB We designed and tested real-time PCR probe/primer sets to detect and quantify Cytochrome b sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from nine vertebrate species of pet (dog), farm (cow, chicken, sheep, horse, pig), wildlife (Canada goose, white-tailed deer), and human. Linear ranges of the assays were from 10(1) to 10(8) copies/mu l. To formally test the performance of the assays, twenty blinded fecal suspension samples were analyzed by real-time PCR to identify the source of the feces. Sixteen of the twenty samples were correctly and unambiguously identified. Average sensitivity was calculated to be 0.850, while average specificity was found to be 0.994. One beef cow sample was not detected, but mtDNA from 11 other beef cattle of both sexes and varying physiological states was found in concentrations similar (3.45 x 10(7) copies/g) to that found in human feces (1.1 x 10(7) copies/g). Thus, environmental conditions and sample handling are probably important factors for successful detection of fecal mtDNA. When sewage samples were analyzed, only human mtDNA (7.2 x 10(4) copies/ 100 mL) was detected. With a detection threshold of 250 copies/ reaction, an efficient concentration and purification method resulted in a final detection limit for human feces of 1.8 mg/ 100 mL water. C1 [Schill, William B.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Mathes, Melvin V.] US Geol Survey, Charleston, WV 25301 USA. RP Schill, WB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM wschill@usgs.gov OI Schill, William/0000-0002-9217-984X NR 51 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 14 BP 5229 EP 5234 DI 10.1021/es800051z PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 325WS UT WOS:000257620000035 PM 18754373 ER PT J AU Zhang, TW Amrani, A Ellis, GS Ma, QS Tang, YC AF Zhang, Tongwei Amrani, Alon Ellis, Geoffrey S. Ma, Qisheng Tang, Yongchun TI Experimental investigation on thermochemical sulfate reduction by H2S initiation SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID BOHAI BAY BASIN; ORGANIC-INORGANIC INTERACTIONS; SOUR GAS ACCUMULATION; SMACKOVER FORMATION; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS; CARBONATE RESERVOIRS; SANGERHAUSEN BASIN; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE AB Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is known to catalyze thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) by hydrocarbons (HC), but the reaction mechanism remains unclear. To understand the mechanism of this catalytic reaction, a series of isothermal gold-tube hydrous pyrolysis experiments were conducted at 330 degrees C for 24 h under a constant confining pressure of 24.1 MPa. The reactants used were saturated HC (sulfur-free) and CaSO4 in the presence of variable H2S partial pressures at three different pH conditions. The experimental results showed that the in-situ pH of the aqueous solution (herein, in-situ pH refers to the calculated pH of aqueous solution under the experimental conditions) can significantly affect the rate of the TSR reaction. A substantial increase in the TSR reaction rate was recorded with a decrease in the in-situ pH value of the aqueous solution involved. A positive correlation between the rate of TSR and the initial partial pressure of H2S occurred under acidic conditions (at pH similar to 3-3.5). However, sulfate reduction at pH similar to 5.0 was undetectable even at high initial H2S concentrations. To investigate whether the reaction of H2S(aq) and HSO4- occurs at pH similar to 3, an additional series of isothermal hydrous pyrolysis experiments was conducted with CaSO4 and variable H2S partial pressures in the absence of HC at the same experimental temperature and pressure conditions. CaSO4 reduction was not measurable in the absence of paraffin even with high H2S pressure and acidic conditions. These experimental observations indicate that the formation of organosulfur intermediates from H2S reacting with hydrocarbons may play a significant role in sulfate reduction under our experimental conditions rather than the formation of elemental sulfur from H2S reacting with sulfate as has been suggested previously (Toland W. G. (1960) Oxidation of organic compounds with aqueous sulphate. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 82, 1911-1916). Quantification of labile organosulfur compounds (LSC), such as thiols and sulfides, was performed on the products of the reaction of H2S and HC from a series of gold-tube non-isothermal hydrous pyrolysis experiments conducted at about pH 3 from 300 to 370 degrees C and a 0.1-degrees C/h heating rate. Incorporation of sulfur into HC resulted in an appreciable amount of thiol and sulfide formation. The rate of LSC formation positively correlated with the initial H2S pressure. Thus, we propose that the LSC produced from H2S reaction with HC are most likely the reactive intermediates for H2S initiation of sulfate reduction. We further propose a three-step reaction scheme of sulfate reduction by HC under reservoir conditions, and discuss the geological implications of our experimental findings with regard to the effect of formation water and oil chemistry, in particular LSC content. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Tongwei; Amrani, Alon; Ma, Qisheng; Tang, Yongchun] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Power Environm & Energy Res Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ellis, Geoffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Tang, YC (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Power Environm & Energy Res Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM tang@peer.caltech.edu RI Tang, Yongchun/G-7473-2011; Zhang, Tongwei/M-8000-2014; OI Ellis, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4519-3320 NR 65 TC 67 Z9 80 U1 5 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 14 BP 3518 EP 3530 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2008.04.036 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 326ZC UT WOS:000257697300016 ER PT J AU Burger, J Gochfeld, M Sullivan, K Irons, D McKnight, A AF Burger, Joanna Gochfeld, Michael Sullivan, Kelsey Irons, David McKnight, Aly TI Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury, and selenium in feathers of Black-legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and Black Oystercatcher (Haematopus bachmani) from Prince William Sound, Alaska SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Black-legged kittiwake; Black oystercatcher; age-related; oil; arsenic; cadmium; chromium; lead; manganese; mercury; Prince William Sound; Alaska; metals ID HEAVY-METAL; TEMPORAL TREND; STERNA-HIRUNDO; FOOD-CHAIN; AGE; EGGS; ENVIRONMENT; RESIDUES; SEABIRDS; MOLT AB Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury and selenium were analyzed in the feathers of Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) from Shoup Bay in Prince William Sound, Alaska to determine if there were age-related differences in metal levels, and in Black Oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani)) from the same region to determine if there were differences in oiled and unoiled birds. Except for mercury, there were no age-related differences in metals levels in the feathers of kittiwakes. Kittiwakes over 13 years of age had the highest levels of mercury. There were no differences in levels of metals in the feathers of oystercatchers from oiled and unoiled regions of Prince William Sound. Except for mercury, the feathers of oystercatchers had significantly higher levels of all metals than those of kittiwakes. Levels of mercury in kittiwake feathers (mean of 2910 ng/g [ppb]) were within the range of many species of seabirds reported for other studies, and were generally below adverse effects levels. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Burger, Joanna] Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Burger, Joanna; Gochfeld, Michael] Consortium Risk Evaluat Stakeholder Participat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Burger, Joanna; Gochfeld, Michael] Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Gochfeld, Michael] UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Sullivan, Kelsey; Irons, David] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Burger, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, 604 Allison Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM burger@biology.rutgers.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES 005022, P30 ES005022] NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 398 IS 1-3 BP 20 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.051 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 316WH UT WOS:000256979900003 PM 18440597 ER PT J AU Lee, MW Waite, WF AF Lee, Myung W. Waite, William F. TI Estimating pore-space gas hydrate saturations from well log acoustic data SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE methane hydrate; seismic velocity; hydrate assessment ID ELASTIC PROPERTIES; BEARING SEDIMENTS; VELOCITY; WAVE; MEDIA; AVO AB [1] Relating pore-space gas hydrate saturation to sonic velocity data is important for remotely estimating gas hydrate concentration in sediment. In the present study, sonic velocities of gas hydrate-bearing sands are modeled using a three-phase Biot-type theory in which sand, gas hydrate, and pore fluid form three homogeneous, interwoven frameworks. This theory is developed using well log compressional and shear wave velocity data from the Mallik 5L-38 permafrost gas hydrate research well in Canada and applied to well log data from hydrate-bearing sands in the Alaskan permafrost, Gulf of Mexico, and northern Cascadia margin. Velocity-based gas hydrate saturation estimates are in good agreement with Nuclear Magneto Resonance and resistivity log estimates over the complete range of observed gas hydrate saturations. C1 [Lee, Myung W.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Waite, William F.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lee, MW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mlee@usgs.gov OI Waite, William/0000-0002-9436-4109 NR 23 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUL 9 PY 2008 VL 9 AR Q07008 DI 10.1029/2008GC002081 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 327OK UT WOS:000257738200002 ER PT J AU Martin, TE AF Martin, Thomas E. TI Egg size variation among tropical and temperate songbirds: An embryonic temperature hypothesis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE clutch size; incubation; life history; passerines ID LIFE-HISTORY; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; INCUBATION TEMPERATURES; AVIAN INCUBATION; GROWTH; EVOLUTION; LIZARD; RATES AB Species with "slow" life history strategies (long life, low fecundity) are thought to produce high-quality offspring by investing in larger, but fewer, young. Larger eggs are indeed associated with fewer eggs across taxa and can yield higher-quality offspring. Tropical passerines appear to follow theory because they commonly exhibit slow life history strategies and produce larger, but fewer, eggs compared with northern species. Yet, I show here that relative egg mass (corrected for adult mass) varies extensively in the tropics and subtropics for the same clutch size, and this variation is unexplained. I propose a hypothesis to explain egg size variation both within the tropics and between latitudes: Relative egg mass increases in species with cooler egg temperatures and longer embryonic periods to offset associated increases in energetic requirements of embryos. Egg temperatures of birds are determined by parental incubation behavior and are often cooler among tropical passerines because of reduced parental attentiveness of eggs. Here, I show that cooler egg temperatures and longer embryonic periods explained the enigmatic variation in egg mass within and among regions, based on field studies in tropical Venezuela (36 species), subtropical Argentina (16 species), and north temperate Arizona (20 species). Alternative explanations are not supported. Thus, large egg sizes may reflect compensation for increased energetic requirements of cool egg temperatures and long embryonic periods that result from reduced parental attentiveness in tropical birds. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM tom.martin@umontana.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 28 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 20 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 8 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 27 BP 9268 EP 9271 DI 10.1073/pnas.0709366105 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 326GA UT WOS:000257645400026 PM 18591674 ER PT J AU Hansen, MC Stehman, SV Potapov, PV Loveland, TR Townshend, JRG DeFries, RS Pittman, KW Arunarwati, B Stolle, F Steininger, MK Carroll, M DiMiceli, C AF Hansen, Matthew C. Stehman, Stephen V. Potapov, Peter V. Loveland, Thomas R. Townshend, John R. G. DeFries, Ruth S. Pittman, Kyle W. Arunarwati, Belinda Stolle, Fred Steininger, Marc K. Carroll, Mark DiMiceli, Charlene TI Humid tropical forest clearing from 2000 to 2005 quantified by using multitemporal and multiresolution remotely sensed data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE deforestation; humid tropics; remote sensing; change detection; monitoring ID SATELLITE DATA; MODIS DATA; DEFORESTATION; COVER; AREA; CARBON; 1990S AB Forest cover is an important input variable for assessing changes to carbon stocks, climate and hydrological systems, biodiversity richness, and other sustainability science disciplines. Despite incremental improvements in our ability to quantify rates of forest clearing, there is still no definitive understanding on global trends. Without timely and accurate forest monitoring methods, policy responses will be uninformed concerning the most basic facts of forest cover change. Results of a feasible and cost-effective monitoring strategy are presented that enable timely, precise, and internally consistent estimates of forest clearing within the humid tropics. A probability-based sampling approach that synergistically employs low and high spatial resolution satellite datasets was used to quantify humid tropical forest clearing from 2000 to 2005. Forest clearing is estimated to be 1.39% (SE 0.084%) of the total biome area. This translates to an estimated forest area cleared of 27.2 million hectares (SE 2.28 million hectares), and represents a 2.36% reduction in area of humid tropical forest. Fifty-five percent of total biome clearing occurs within only 6% of the biome area, emphasizing the presence of forest clearing "hotspots." Forest loss in Brazil accounts for 47.8% of total biome clearing, nearly four times that of the next highest country, Indonesia, which accounts for 12.8%. Over three-fifths of clearing occurs in Latin America and over one-third in Asia. Africa contributes 5.4% to the estimated loss of humid tropical forest cover, reflecting the absence of current agro-industrial scale clearing in humid tropical Africa. C1 [Townshend, John R. G.; DeFries, Ruth S.; Carroll, Mark; DiMiceli, Charlene] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hansen, Matthew C.; Potapov, Peter V.; Loveland, Thomas R.; Pittman, Kyle W.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Stehman, Stephen V.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Loveland, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD 57103 USA. [Arunarwati, Belinda] Indonesian Minist Forestry, Jakarta 10270, Indonesia. [Stolle, Fred] World Resources Inst, Washington, DC 20002 USA. [Steininger, Marc K.] Conservat Int, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP DeFries, RS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, 2181 Lefrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rdefries@mail.umd.edu NR 34 TC 326 Z9 334 U1 19 U2 125 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 8 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 27 BP 9439 EP 9444 DI 10.1073/pnas.0804042105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 326GA UT WOS:000257645400055 PM 18591652 ER PT J AU Culver, SJ Farrell, KM Mallinson, DJ Horton, BP Willard, DA Thieler, ER Riggs, SR Snyder, SW Wehmiller, JF Bernhardt, CE Hillier, C AF Culver, Stephen J. Farrell, Kathleen M. Mallinson, David J. Horton, Benjamin P. Willard, Debra A. Thieler, E. Robert Riggs, Stanley R. Snyder, Scott W. Wehmiller, John F. Bernhardt, Christopher E. Hillier, Caroline TI Micropaleontologic record of late pliocene and quaternary paleoenvironments in the northern Albemarle embayment, North Carolina, USA SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE foraminifera; diatoms; pollen; paleoenvironments; Pleistocene; Holocene ID SEA-LEVEL RECORD; RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; CAL KYR BP; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; HOLOCENE CLIMATE; YOUNGER DRYAS; CORALS; EVOLUTION; SEDIMENTS AB Micropaleontological data provide a strong actualistic basis for detailed interpretations of Quaternary paleoenvironmental change. The 90 m-thick Quaternary record of the Albemarle Embayment in the mid-Atlantic coastal plain of the USA provides an excellent opportunity to use such an approach in a region where the details of Quaternary environmental change are poorly known. The foraminiferal record in nine cores from the northern Outer Banks, east of Albemarle Sound, North Carolina, indicates the deposition of subhorizontal, mostly open-marine early to late Pleistocene units unconformably upon a basement of late Pliocene reduced-oxygen, fine-grained, shelf-basin deposits. Pollen data record several warm-cool fluctuations within the early to mid-Pleistocene deposits. Diatom data indicate that some fresh and brackish-water units occur within the generally open-marine Pleistocene succession. A channel cut by the paleo-Roanoke River during the last glacial sea-level lowstand occurs in the northern part of the study area. Pollen indicates that the basal fluvial valley fill accumulated in cooler than modern climate conditions in the latest Pleistocene. Overlying silts and muds accumulated under cool climatic, estuarine conditions according to diatom and pollen data. Radiocarbon ages from the estuarine deposits indicate that the bulk of these sediments accumulated during the latest Pleistocene. The estuarine channel-fill deposits are overlain by Holocene open-marine sands deposited as the rising sea transgressed into the estuary approximately 8.5 to 9.0 kyr BR Within the barrier island drill cores of this study, fully marine sedimentation occurred throughout the Holocene. However, immediately west of the present barrier island, mid- to late Holocene estuarine deposits underlie the modern Albemarle Sound. The islands that currently form a continuous barrier across the mouth of Albemarle Sound have a complex history of Holocene construction and destruction and large portions of them may be less than 3 kyr old. The barrier island sands overlie open-marine sands of Colington Shoal in the north and to the south overlie fluvial and marine sand filling paleo-Roanoke tributary valleys. The Pleistocene sediments underlying the northern Outer Banks study area are mainly of open inner to midshelf origin. If, as is likely, sea level continues to rise, a return to such environmental conditions is likely in the near future. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Culver, Stephen J.; Mallinson, David J.; Riggs, Stanley R.; Snyder, Scott W.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Farrell, Kathleen M.] N Carolina Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.; Bernhardt, Christopher E.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Sea Level Res Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Willard, Debra A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Thieler, E. Robert] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wehmiller, John F.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Hillier, Caroline] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Environm Res Ctr, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Culver, SJ (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Graham Rm 101, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM culvers@ecu.edu OI thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717 NR 79 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD JUL 7 PY 2008 VL 264 IS 1-2 BP 54 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.012 PG 24 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 331MZ UT WOS:000258017600005 ER PT J AU Schaefer, M Baker, DJ Gibbons, JH Groat, CG Kennedy, D Kennel, CF Rejeski, D AF Schaefer, Mark Baker, D. James Gibbons, John H. Groat, Charles G. Kennedy, Donald Kennel, Charles F. Rejeski, David TI Science and government - An Earth Systems Science Agency SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Schaefer, Mark; Groat, Charles G.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Baker, D. James] NOAA, Washington, DC USA. [Gibbons, John H.] White House Off Sci & Technol Policy, Washington, DC USA. [Kennedy, Donald] US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Kennel, Charles F.] NASA, Mission Planet Earth, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Schaefer, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM markschaefer24@msn.com; djamesbaker@comcast.net; jackgibbons@hughes.net; cgroat@mail.utexas.edu; kennedyd@stanford.edu; ckennel@ucsd.edu; david.rejeski@wilsoncenter.org RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 321 IS 5885 BP 44 EP 45 DI 10.1126/science.1160192 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 321QE UT WOS:000257320800024 PM 18599760 ER PT J AU Waite, WF Kneafsey, TJ Winters, WJ Mason, DH AF Waite, W. F. Kneafsey, T. J. Winters, W. J. Mason, D. H. TI Physical property changes in hydrate-bearing sediment due to depressurization and subsequent repressurization SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID METHANE HYDRATE; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; GAS; SAND; DISSOCIATION; VELOCITY; FORM AB Physical property measurements of sediment cores containing natural gas hydrate are typically performed on material exposed, at least briefly, to non-in situ conditions during recovery. To examine the effects of a brief excursion from the gas-hydrate stability field, as can occur when pressure cores are transferred to pressurized storage vessels, we measured physical properties on laboratory-formed sand packs containing methane hydrate and methane pore gas. After depressurizing samples to atmospheric pressure, we repressurized them into the methane-hydrate stability field and remeasured their physical properties. Thermal conductivity, shear strength, acoustic compressional and shear wave amplitudes, and speeds of the original and depressurized/repressurized samples are compared. X-ray computed tomography images track how the gas-hydrate distribution changes in the hydrate-cemented sands owing to the depressurizaton/repressurization process. Because depressurization-induced property changes can be substantial and are not easily predicted, particularly in water-saturated, hydrate-bearing sediment, maintaining pressure and temperature conditions throughout the core recovery and measurement process is critical for using laboratory measurements to estimate in situ properties. C1 [Waite, W. F.; Winters, W. J.; Mason, D. H.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kneafsey, T. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Waite, WF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM wwaite@usgs.gov RI Kneafsey, Timothy/H-7412-2014; OI Kneafsey, Timothy/0000-0002-3926-8587; Waite, William/0000-0002-9436-4109 NR 47 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B7 AR B07102 DI 10.1029/2007JB005351 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 323GH UT WOS:000257433700001 ER PT J AU Clark, WR Henry, CJ Dettman, CL AF Clark, William R. Henry, Catherine J. Dettman, Connie L. TI Demographic processes influencing population viability of the Iowa Pleistocene snail (Discus macclintocki) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION; RECAPTURE; GENETICS; SIZE; DISPERSION; DYNAMICS; DENSITY; GROWTH; MARK AB Understanding the importance of variable local population abundance and the limited potential for dispersal and genetic exchange is crucial for the conservation of many species with limited geographic distribution and specialized habitat requirements. Because of rareity, it is often difficult to study the relative importance of variation in recruitment and survival and their net effect oil population growth. We designed a Survey of natural Populations of endangered Iowa Pleistocene snails (Discus macclintocki) rising the robust mark-recapture design to estimate population size and vital rates. A dense population remained stationary throughout the 6-y study whereas vital rates fluctuated substantially in two Much smaller Populations. In the smaller populations rates of growth varied from sharply increasing to sharply decreasing among years, and changes in estimated recruitment were the primary vital rate influencing these fluctuations. Snails were highly sedentary and sampling at random locations showed that the populations were highly Subdivided within a site. Fluctuations in demographic rates and patchy distribution may provide the basis for substantially different rates of genetic change within and among sites. Although in the short-term, fluctuations in recruitment of these snails may influence local dynamics most substantially, long-term threats of habitat loss or climatic change will likely affect survival of adults and persistence of the populations. C1 [Clark, William R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Henry, Catherine J.; Dettman, Connie L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Driftless Area Natl Wildlife Refuge, Iowa City, IA 52157 USA. RP Clark, WR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM wrclark@iastate.edu NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 160 IS 1 BP 129 EP 139 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)160[129:DPIPVO]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 324XT UT WOS:000257553400012 ER PT J AU Liu, WC Chen, WB Cheng, RT Hsu, MH AF Liu, Wen-Cheng Chen, Wei-Bo Cheng, Ralph T. Hsu, Ming-Hsi TI Modelling the impact of wind stress and river discharge on Danshuei River plume SO APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE river plume; three-dimensional model; Danshuei River estuarine system and coastal sea; freshwater discharge; wind stress; Taiwan ID SHALLOW-WATER FLOW; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NUMERICAL-MODEL; COASTAL CURRENT; ESTUARY; FATE; BAY; INTRUSION; EQUATIONS; TRANSPORT AB A three-dimensional, time-dependent, baroclinic, hydrodynamic and salinity model, UnTRIM, was performed and applied to the Danshuei River estuarine system and adjacent coastal sea in northern Taiwan. The model forcing functions consist of tidal elevations along the open boundaries and freshwater inflows from the main stream and major tributaries ill the Danshuei River estuarine system. The bottom friction coefficient was adjusted to achieve model calibration and verification in model simulations of barotropic and baroclinic flows. The turbulent diffusivities were ascertained through comparison of simulated salinity time series with observations. The model simulation results are in qualitative agreement with the available field data. The validated model was then used to investigate the influence of wind stress and freshwater discharge on Dasnhuei River plume. As the absence of wind stress, the anticyclonic circulation is prevailed along the north to west coast. The model results reveal when winds are downwelling-favorable, the surface low-salinity waters are flushed out and move to southwest coast. Conversely, large amounts of low-salinity water flushed out the Danshuei River mouth during upwelling-favorable winds, as the buoyancy-driven circulation is reversed. Wind stress and freshwater discharge are shown to control the plume structure. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Wen-Cheng] Natl United Univ, Dept Civil & Disaster Prevent Engn, Miaoli 36003, Taiwan. [Chen, Wei-Bo] Natl Taiwan Univ, Natl Ctr Ocean Res, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Cheng, Ralph T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hsu, Ming-Hsi] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Bioenvironm Syst Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Liu, WC (reprint author), Natl United Univ, Dept Civil & Disaster Prevent Engn, Miaoli 36003, Taiwan. EM wcliu@nuu.edu.tw RI Hsu, Ming-Hsi/E-8153-2010 OI Hsu, Ming-Hsi/0000-0002-8732-7449 NR 36 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0307-904X J9 APPL MATH MODEL JI Appl. Math. Model. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1255 EP 1280 DI 10.1016/j.apm.2007.03.009 PG 26 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 298NO UT WOS:000255694600008 ER PT J AU Daugherty, DJ Sutton, TM Elliott, RF AF Daugherty, Daniel J. Sutton, Trent M. Elliott, Robert F. TI Potential for reintroduction of lake sturgeon in five northern Lake Michigan tributaries: a habitat suitability perspective SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Acipenser fulvescens; GIS; habitat enhancement; habitat suitability index; juvenile habitat; rehabilitation; spawning habitats stocking ID EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; SPAWNING HABITAT; WHITE STURGEON; COLUMBIA RIVER; PREFERENCES; MOVEMENT; PATTERNS; ONTARIO; QUEBEC AB 1. Conservation and rehabilitation efforts for lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens throughout the Great Lakes include the re-establishment of self-sustaining stocks in systems where they have been extirpated. 2. Information on the suitability of potential lake sturgeon habitat in tributaries is important for determining their capacity to support lake sturgeon stocking and to develop system-specific rehabilitation strategies. 3. Geo-referenced habitat information characterizing substrate composition, water depth, and stream gradient were applied to a life-stage specific lake sturgeon habitat suitability index in a geographic information system to produce spatially explicit models of life-stage specific habitat characteristics in five northern Lake Michigan tributaries from which lake sturgeon have been extirpated. 4. Habitat models indicated that high quality lake sturgeon spawning and staging habitat comprised 0 to 23% and 0 to 9% of the available habitat, respectively, whereas high quality juvenile lake sturgeon habitat was relatively ubiquitous throughout each river and comprised 39 to 99%. 5. Comparison of these data to lake sturgeon habitat availability in Lake Michigan tributaries Currently supporting populations indicated that spawning and staging habitats may limit the ability of these systems to support spawning. Efforts to re-establish lake sturgeon populations in these systems should consider the creation of spawning and staging habitat to increase reproductive and recruitment potential prior to the initiation of stocking efforts. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Daugherty, Daniel J.] Heart Hills Fisheries Sci Ctr, Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Ingram, TX 78025 USA. [Daugherty, Daniel J.; Sutton, Trent M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Elliott, Robert F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. [Sutton, Trent M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Daugherty, DJ (reprint author), Heart Hills Fisheries Sci Ctr, Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, 5103 Junct Hwy, Ingram, TX 78025 USA. EM Dan.Daugherty@tpwd.state.tx.us RI Sutton, Trent/E-9281-2010 FU The Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2003.415]; Fox River/Green Bay Natural Resource Trustee Council; Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) Restoration Project 413; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Purdue University Department of Forestry and Natural Resources; US Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3 Fisheries Program [P2007-6]; Purdue University Agricultural Research Programs [18101] FX A. Paver and B. Spindler assisted with field data collections. D. Sather and M. Holey, US Fish and Wildlife Service, provided technical assistance with GIS analyses and project development and support, respectively. Constructive comments on earlier drafts by D. Caroffino, E. Baker, and A. Muir greatly improved this manuscript. The Great Lakes Fishery Trust (Grant # 2003.415), Fox River/Green Bay Natural Resource Trustee Council, Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) Restoration Project 413, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and Purdue University Department of Forestry and Natural Resources provided funding for this project. This paper is Contribution P2007-6 of the US Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3 Fisheries Program. This research was approved for publication as Manuscript number 18101 by the Purdue University Agricultural Research Programs. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 18 IS 5 BP 692 EP 702 DI 10.1002/aqc.878 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 340FK UT WOS:000258631300019 ER PT J AU Hothem, RL Trejo, BS Bauer, ML Crayon, JJ AF Hothem, Roger L. Trejo, Bonnie S. Bauer, Marissa L. Crayon, John J. TI Cliff swallows Petrochelidon pyrrhonota as bioindicators of environmental mercury, Cache Creek watershed, California SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TREE SWALLOWS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RIO-GRANDE; RIVER; METHYLMERCURY; BIRDS; EGGS; EXPOSURE; SELENIUM; USA AB To evaluate mercury (Hg) and other element exposure in cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota), eggs were collected from 16 sites within the mining-impacted Cache Creek watershed, Colusa, Lake, and Yolo counties, California, USA, in 1997-1998. Nestlings were collected from seven sites in 1998. Geometric mean total Hg (THg) concentrations ranged from 0.013 to 0.208 mu g/g wet weight (ww) in cliff swallow eggs and from 0.047 to 0.347 mu g/g ww in nestlings. Mercury detected in eggs generally followed the spatial distribution of Hg in the watershed based on proximity to both anthropogenic and natural sources. Mean Hg concentrations in samples of eggs and nestlings collected from sites near Hg sources were up to five and seven times higher, respectively, than in samples from reference sites within the watershed. Concentrations of other detected elements, including aluminum, beryllium, boron, calcium, manganese, strontium, and vanadium, were more frequently elevated at sites near Hg sources. Overall, Hg concentrations in eggs from Cache Creek were lower than those reported in eggs of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) from highly contaminated locations in North America. Total Hg concentrations were lower in all Cache Creek egg samples than adverse effects levels established for other species. Total Hg concentrations in bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) and foothill yellow-legged frogs (Rana boylii) collected from 10 of the study sites were both positively correlated with THg concentrations in cliff swallow eggs. Our data suggest that cliff swallows are reliable bioindicators of environmental Hg. C1 [Hothem, Roger L.; Trejo, Bonnie S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Bauer, Marissa L.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Crayon, John J.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Bermuda Dunes, CA 92203 USA. RP Hothem, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 6924 Ttremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM roger_hothem@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 55 IS 1 BP 111 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s00244-007-9082-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 301CT UT WOS:000255874700013 PM 18166988 ER PT J AU Pacifici, K Simons, TR Pollock, KH AF Pacifici, Krishna Simons, Theodore R. Pollock, Kenneth H. TI Effects of vegetation and background noise on the detection process in auditory avian point-count surveys SO AUK LA English DT Article DE aural detections; background noise; detection probability; habitat effects; point counts; population indices ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; OBSERVER DIFFERENCES; BIRD ABUNDANCE; RATES AB We used a bird-song simulation system to experimentally assess the effects of habitat, vegetation structure, and background noise oil detection probability in aural avian point counts. We simulated bird songs of seven species in two habitats (mixed pine-hardwood forest and deciduous forest) and two leaf conditions (leaves on and leaves off) with two levels of background noise (similar to 40 dB and similar to 50 dB). Estimated detection probabilities varied greatly among species, and complex interactions among all the factors existed. Background noise and the presence of leaves on trees decreased detection probabilities, and estimated detection probabilities were higher in mixed pine-hardwood forest than in deciduous forest. At 100 m, average estimated detection probabilities ranged from 0 to 1 and were lowest for the Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia) and highest for the Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum). Simulations of expected counts, based on the best logistic model, indicated that observers detect between 3% (for the worst observer, least detectable species, with leaves oil the trees and added background noise in the deciduous forest) and 99% (for the best observer, most detectable species, with no leaves on the trees and no added background noise in the mixed forest) of the total count. The large variation in expected Counts illustrates the importance of estimating detection probabilities directly. The large differences in detection probabilities among species suggest that tailoring monitoring protocols to specific species of interest may produce better estimates than a single protocol applied to a wide range of species. C1 [Simons, Theodore R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pacifici, K (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM kpacifici@yahoo.com NR 34 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2008 VL 125 IS 3 BP 600 EP 607 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.07078 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 340FJ UT WOS:000258631200011 ER PT J AU Etterson, MA Stanley, TR AF Etterson, Matthew A. Stanley, Thomas R. TI Incorporating classification uncertainty in competing-risks nest-failure analysis SO AUK LA English DT Article DE classification uncertainty; competing risks; Mayfield Markov chain; nest survival; nest videography ID CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; MASKED CAUSES; SURVIVAL; SUCCESS; MISCLASSIFICATION; PREDATORS; INFERENCE; MODEL AB There are many causes of nest failure in birds. Although partitioning the risk of nest failure among causes has long been of interest to ornithologists, L application of formal methods for estimating competing risks has received little attention in the literature. We describe how evidence collected at nests can be formally incorporated into likelihood functions for competing risks to control classification Uncertainty. We briefly review estimators for an idealized case in which all fates are known with certainty, and then we introduce new estimators for four cases in which evidence is used. In the evidence-based models, we consider several distinct types of evidence, including videographic evidence, static ecological evidence, and ecological evidence that decays over time. For each of the four cases using evidence, we compare the asymptotic sampling variance to the ideal case in which fates are always known. We also develop closed-form expressions for expected bias when assumptions underlying the estimators are not met. In all cases, use of evidence results in larger sampling variances for Hie failure probabilities than when fates are known with certainty. Typically, the magnitude of increase in sampling variance depends on the inverse of the evidence probabilities. We also she,,l, that disjoint evidence (toes not reduce sampling variance and should be ignored. Finally, we show that violations of underlying assumptions cause bias, though the bias may be tolerable in some cases. C1 [Etterson, Matthew A.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Stanley, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Etterson, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM etterson.matthew@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); U.S. Geological Survey; Fort Collins Science Center FX D. Heisey, D. Johnson, J. Nichols, G. Pendleton, and an anonymous reviewer provided valuable comments on earlier drafts of this Manuscript. In particular, we are grateful to D. Heisey for pointing out the ability to factor the scalar likelihoods into a classification problem and a separate survival problem. The information in this document has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It has b.-en subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for Publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the EPA, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This work was also funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2008 VL 125 IS 3 BP 687 EP 699 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.07045 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 340FJ UT WOS:000258631200021 ER PT J AU Pearce, JM Blums, P Lindberg, MS AF Pearce, John M. Blums, Peter Lindberg, Mark S. TI Site fidelity is an inconsistent determinant of population structure in the hooded merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus): Evidence from genetic, mark-recapture, and comparative data SO AUK LA English DT Article DE band recovery; fidelity; Hooded Merganser; Lophodytes cucullatus; mtDNA; population structure ID DAY-OLD DUCKLINGS; WOOD DUCKS; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NATAL PHILOPATRY; ANNUAL SURVIVAL; CONTROL REGION; MIGRATION; DIVERGENCE; DIFFERENTIATION AB The level of site fidelity in birds is often characterized as "high" on the basis of rates of return or homing from mark-recapture data. For specie:; that exhibit site fidelity, Subsequent biological assumptions have included population Structure, demographic independence, and that the extirpation of a site-faithful group might be irreversible because of low immigration. Yet several genetic Studies have observed patterns Of Population differentiation that are incongruous with strong site fidelity, Which Suggests recent isolation, gene flow, or both. Using a 13-year live-recapture and dead-recovery data set, as well as nuclear and mitochondrial DNA collected across the range of the Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullants), an obligate cavity-nester endemic to North America, we found evidence that gene flow persists across portions of the species' range even though the probability of female breeding-site fidelity is high (0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64-0.98) and disjunct breeding ranges of this species have been isolated for :10,000 years. By combining inferences from genetic, band-recovery, mark-recapture, and comparative data from another cavity-nesting species of water fowl, We conclude that a high level of site fidelity should not be considered a universal proxy for population structure and demographic independence. Our results also suggest that an accurate assessment of site fidelity-and its implications for population dynamics and delineation-requires cross-species comparisons and multiple data types, such as mark-recapture and genetic information, to best infer patterns across a range of geographic and temporal scales. C1 [Pearce, John M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Pearce, John M.; Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Pearce, John M.; Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Blums, Peter] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Gaylord Mem Lab, Puxico, MO 63960 USA. RP Pearce, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jpearce@usgs.gov RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 FU North American Sea Duck Join: Venture; the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center; Department of Biology and Wildlife at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks,; Missouri Department of Conservation and Gaylord memorial Laboratory; University of Missouri FX This research Was Supported by the North American Sea Duck join: Venture, the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, the Department of Biology and Wildlife at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, and the Missouri Department of Conservation and Gaylord memorial Laboratory, University of Missouri. K. McCraken, P. Flint, L. Fredrickson, and two anonymous reviewers offered comments of an earlier version of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, Or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2008 VL 125 IS 3 BP 711 EP 722 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.07154 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 340FJ UT WOS:000258631200023 ER PT J AU Conroy, MJ Peterson, JT Bass, OL Fonnesbeck, CJ Howell, JE Moore, CT Runge, JP AF Conroy, Michael J. Peterson, James T. Bass, Oron L. Fonnesbeck, Christopher J. Howell, Jay E. Moore, Clinton T. Runge, Jonathan P. TI Sources of variation in detection of wading birds from aerial surveys in the florida Everglades SO AUK LA English DT Article DE aerial surveys; bias; detection; estimation; Everglades; Florida; wading birds ID VISIBILITY BIAS; ACCURACY; COLONIES; NESTS AB We conducted dual-observer trials to estimate detection probabilities (probability that a group that is present and available is detected) for fixed-wing aerial surveys of wading birds in the Everglades system, Florida. Detection probability ranged from <0.2 to similar to 0.75 and varied according to species, group size, observer, and the observer's position in the aircraft (front or rear seat). Aerial-survey simulations indicated that incomplete detection can have a substantial effect oil assessment of population trends, particularly river relatively short intervals (<= 3 years) and small annual changes in population size (<= 3%). We conclude that detection bias is an important consideration for interpreting observations from aerial surveys of wading birds, potentially limiting the use of these data for comparative purposes and trend analyses. We recommend that workers conducting aerial surveys for wading birds endeavor to reduce observer and other controllable sources of detection bias and account for uncontrollable sources through incorporation of dual-observer or other calibratior methods as part of survey design (e.g., using double sampling). C1 [Conroy, Michael J.; Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bass, Oron L.] Everglades Natl Pk, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. [Fonnesbeck, Christopher J.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Howell, Jay E.; Runge, Jonathan P.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Howell, Jay E.] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Richmond, VA 23230 USA. [Moore, Clinton T.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Conroy, MJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mconroy@uga.edu FU University of Georgia and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) [02-352345GA75FA]; USGS and the South Florida Water Management District FX Aerial surveys were initiated in 1985, following a one-year pilot study (Portier and Smith 1984). The survey area comprised the water conservation areas (WCA) of the northern and central Everglades, Everglades National Park (ENP) and southern Big Cypress National Preserve (BCNP) in the south, and BCNP proper in the west. Surveys in the northern and central Everglades (hereafter "northern survey area") were initially conducted by the National Audubon Society (NAS) through a contract with the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) (Hoffman et al. 1990, Bancroft and Sawicki 1995, Sawicki et al. 1995). Surveys in the BCNP (hereafter "western survey area") were initially conducted by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) drafts. This research was funded by Cooperative Agreement 1434-02HQRU1551, Research Work Order 75 between the University of Georgia and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and Contract 02-352345GA75FA between USGS and the South Florida Water Management District. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by USGS, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Georgia. Georgia Department of Natural Resources, and the Wildlife Management Institute. The Python programming language is available at www.python.org, and the PyMC module, Version 1.3.4, is available at pymc.googlecode.com. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2008 VL 125 IS 3 BP 731 EP 741 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.07134 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 340FJ UT WOS:000258631200025 ER PT J AU Banks, RC Chesser, RT Cicero, C Dunn, JL Kratter, AW Lovette, IJ Rasmussen, PC Remsen, JV Rising, JD Stotz, DF Winker, K AF Banks, Richard C. Chesser, R. Terry Cicero, Carla Dunn, Jon L. Kratter, Andrew W. Lovette, Irby J. Rasmussen, Pamela C. Remsen, J. V., Jr. Rising, James D. Stotz, Douglas F. Winker, Kevin TI Forty-ninth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union - Check-list of north American birds SO AUK LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; OLD-WORLD SUBOSCINES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; AVES; GENUS; PASSERIFORMES; SYSTEMATICS; TAXA C1 [Banks, Richard C.; Chesser, R. Terry] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Cicero, Carla] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kratter, Andrew W.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lovette, Irby J.] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Rasmussen, Pamela C.] Michigan State Univ, Museum & Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Remsen, J. V., Jr.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Rising, James D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Zool & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. [Stotz, Douglas F.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Environm & Conservat Programs, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Winker, Kevin] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Banks, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC-111,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM banksr@si.edu RI Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014; Lovette, Irby/P-3477-2014 OI Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104; NR 78 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2008 VL 125 IS 3 BP 756 EP 766 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.9708 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 340FJ UT WOS:000258631200030 ER PT J AU Nichols, JD Runge, MC AF Nichols, James D. Runge, Michael C. TI Toward a comprehensive decision framework for reintroduced populations SO AVIAN BIOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nichols, James D.; Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jnichols@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1758-1559 J9 AVIAN BIOL RES JI Avian Biol. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 38 EP 38 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ornithology; Zoology SC Agriculture; Zoology GA 475YE UT WOS:000268402800024 ER PT J AU Nelson, ME Sargeant, GA AF Nelson, Michael E. Sargeant, Glen A. TI Spatial Interactions of Yarded White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE White-tailed Deer; Odocoileus virginianus; GPS tracking; movements; space use; home-range overlap; radio-tracking; spatial interaction; Minnesota AB We examined the spatial interactions of nine female White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in two deeryards (winter aggregations) in northeastern Minnesota during February-April 1999. Global positioning system (GPS) collars yielded seven pair-wise comparisons of deer that were located at the same nine (<= 1 minute apart) and that used overlapping areas. Deer traveled separately and did not associate with one another. Within overlapping areas, comparisons of distances between deer and distances between random locations indicated deer moved without regard to each other. Similarly, comparisons of observed and expected probabilities of(leer using areas overlapping those of other deer also evinced that deer moved independently. C1 [Nelson, Michael E.; Sargeant, Glen A.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Nelson, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 598, Ely, MN 55731 USA. EM michael_nelson@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, United States Department of Agriculture North Central Research Station; Special Projects Foundation FX This research was Supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, United States Department of Agriculture North Central Research Station, and the Special Projects Foundation funding to L. D. Mech. We thank N. Christianson of Advanced Telemetry Systems for her technical assistance with GPS collars. Lori Schmidt and Paul Frame assisted with Spatial computing. We also acknowledge Volunteer wildlife technicians who assisted in live-capture of deer and who retrieved GPS collars from the backcountry. We also thank the pilots of the U.S. Forest Service for skillful and safe flying. We followed the American Society of Mammalogoists Guidelines (Animal Care and Use Committee 1998) For animal handling and care in Conducting research. Suggestions for improving the manuscript were made by G. D. DelGiudice, Mark Lenarz, and L. D. Mech. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 122 IS 3 BP 221 EP 225 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V10TY UT WOS:000207487500004 ER PT J AU Mech, LD AF Mech, L. David TI Precision of Descriptors for Percent Marrow Fat Content for White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus viriginianus SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE White-tailed Deer; Odocoileus virginianus; marrow flat; nutrition; body condition AB Based oil 168 records of both verbal descriptors of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) femur-marrow fat and percentage of fat measured later, "gelatinous" served well to distinguish fat < 46% from higher percentages. "Waxy" distinguished flat > 56%. C1 [Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Raptor Ctr, 1920 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 122 IS 3 BP 273 EP 273 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V10TY UT WOS:000207487500017 ER PT J AU Wenger, SJ Peterson, JT Freeman, MC Freeman, BJ Homans, DD AF Wenger, Seth J. Peterson, James T. Freeman, Mary C. Freeman, Byron J. Homans, D. David TI Stream fish occurrence in response to impervious cover, historic land use, and hydrogeomorphic factors SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; ASSEMBLAGE RESPONSES; RIVER-BASIN; URBANIZATION; MODELS; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; SYSTEMS; LANDSCAPE AB We evaluated competing models explaining the occurrence of five stream fishes in an urbanizing watershed to determine the relative importance of (a) impervious surface and other indicators of current land use, (b) historic land use (e.g., agriculture, impoundments), and (c) hydrogeomorphic characteristics (e.g., stream size, elevation, geology). For four of five species, the best-supported models were those that included both current effective impervious cover and historic land use predictor variables, although models with only effective impervious cover were equally well supported for two of those species. For the best-supported models for three species, occurrence probability was predicted to approach zero at levels of development equivalent to about 2%-4% effective impervious cover in the surrounding region. Data were drawn from 357 fish collections made in the Etowah River basin, Georgia, USA, between 1998 and 2003 and analyzed using hierarchical logistic regression accounting for imperfect species detection. This is the first study we know of to examine the response of individual fish species to both increasing impervious cover and historic land use. Such individual species assessments will be increasingly necessary to guide policies for managing urban effects and preventing extirpations of sensitive species. C1 [Wenger, Seth J.] Univ Georgia, River Basin Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Mary C.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Homans, D. David] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Wenger, SJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, River Basin Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM swenger@uga.edu RI Wenger, Seth/G-6594-2011 NR 50 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 33 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 65 IS 7 BP 1250 EP 1264 DI 10.1139/F08-046 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 322EX UT WOS:000257359100002 ER PT J AU Hook, TO Rutherford, ES Croley, TE Mason, DM Madenjian, CP AF Hoeoek, Tomas O. Rutherford, Edward S. Croley, Thomas E., II Mason, Doran M. Madenjian, Charles P. TI Annual variation in habitat-specific recruitment success: implications from an individual-based model of Lake Michigan alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WATER TEMPERATURE; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; FISHERIES SUSTAINABILITY; MARINE NURSERIES; ATLANTIC COD; LARVAL FISH; GROWTH; DYNAMICS; ONTARIO AB The identification of important spawning and nursery habitats for fish stocks can aid fisheries management, but is complicated by various factors, including annual variation in recruitment success. The alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) is an ecologically important species in Lake Michigan that utilizes a variety of habitats for spawning and early life growth. While productive, warm tributary mouths (connected to Lake Michigan) may contribute disproportionately more recruits (relative to their habitat volume) to the adult alewife population than cooler, less productive nearshore habitats, the extent of interannual variation in the relative contributions of recruits from these two habitat types remains unknown. We used an individual-based bioenergetics simulation model and input data on daily temperatures to estimate alewife recruitment to the adult population by these different habitat types. Simulations suggest that nearshore lake habitats typically produce the vast majority of young alewife recruits. However, tributary habitats may contribute the majority of alewife recruits during years of low recruitment. We suggest that high interannual variation in the relative importance of habitats for recruitment is a common phenomenon, which should be considered when developing habitat management plans for fish populations. C1 [Hoeoek, Tomas O.; Rutherford, Edward S.] Univ Michigan, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.; Rutherford, Edward S.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Fisheries Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.; Croley, Thomas E., II; Mason, Doran M.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Hook, TO (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM thook@purdue.edu OI Mason, Doran/0000-0002-6017-4243; Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667 NR 58 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 65 IS 7 BP 1402 EP 1412 DI 10.1139/F08-066 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 322EX UT WOS:000257359100015 ER PT J AU Jackson, JV Talbot, SL Farley, S AF Jackson, J. V. Talbot, S. L. Farley, S. TI Genetic characterization of Kenai brown bears (Ursus arctos): microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA control region variation in brown bears of the Kenai Peninsula, south central Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; EMPIRICAL-EVALUATION; MUTATIONAL PROCESSES; BOTTLENECKS; SIZE; IDENTIFICATION; STATISTICS; DISTANCE; PROGRAM AB We collected data from 20 biparentally inherited microsatellite loci, and nucleotide sequence from the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region, to determine levels of genetic variation of the brown bears (Ursus arctos L., 1758) of the Kenai Peninsula, south central Alaska. Nuclear genetic variation was similar to that observed in other Alaskan peninsular populations. We detected no significant inbreeding and found no evidence of population substructuring on the Kenai Peninsula. We observed a genetic signature of a bottleneck under the infinite alleles model (IAM), but not under the stepwise mutation model (SMM) or the two-phase model (TPM) of microsatellite mutation. Kenai brown bears have lower levels of mtDNA haplotypic diversity relative to most other brown bear populations in Alaska. C1 [Jackson, J. V.; Talbot, S. L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Farley, S.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Talbot, SL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM sandy_talbot@usgs.gov RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011 FU Nature Conservancy and the Interagency Brown Bear Study Team (IBBST) FX The Nature Conservancy and the Interagency Brown Bear Study Team (IBBST) provided funding for this project. Members of the IBBST include the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, the Kenai National Wildlife Refuce, the Chugach National Forest, the Kenai Fjords National Park, and John Schoen, ad hoc member from the Audubon Society. Staff members of the Molecular Ecology Laboratory of the Alaska Science Center, US Geological Survey, provided laboratory guidance and assistance. G.K. Sage, B.J. Pierson, and J.R. Rearick were particularly instrumental in their support. Kim Scribner provided microsatellite data from bears of Katmai National Park for comparison. G.K. Sage, J.A. Cook, and two anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved the manuscript. Roman Dial, Professor of Environmental Science at Alaska Pacific University, gave continued support throughout the study as J.V.J.'s graduate advisor. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply the endorsement of the US Government or the State of Alaska. NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 86 IS 7 BP 756 EP 764 DI 10.1139/Z08-043 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 338JV UT WOS:000258504900018 ER PT J AU Palaseanu, M Pearlstine, L AF Palaseanu, Monica Pearlstine, Leonard TI Estimation of water surface elevations for the Everglades, Florida SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE interpolation; radial basis functions; multiquadric; absolute cross-validation errors ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; DATA APPROXIMATION SCHEME; SCATTERED DATA; MULTIQUADRIC INTERPOLATION; REGRESSION; ALGORITHM AB The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) is an integrated network of real-time water-level monitoring gages and modeling methods that provides scientists and managers with current (2000-present) online water surface and water depth information for the freshwater domain of the Greater Everglades. This integrated system presents data on a 400-m square grid to assist in (1) large-scale field operations; (2) integration of hydrologic and ecologic responses; (3) supporting biological and ecological assessment of the implementation of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP); and (4) assessing trophic-level responses to hydrodynamic changes in the Everglades. This paper investigates the radial basis function multiquadric method of interpolation to obtain a continuous freshwater surface across the entire Everglades using radio-transmitted data from a network of water-level gages managed by the US Geological Survey (USGS), the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), and the Everglades National Park (ENP). Since the hydrological connection is interrupted by canals and levees across the study area, boundary conditions were simulated by linearly interpolating along those features and integrating the results together with the data from marsh stations to obtain a continuous water surface through multiquadric interpolation. The absolute cross-validation errors greater than 5 cm correlate well with the local outliers and the minimum distance between the closest stations within 2000-m radius, but seem to be independent of vegetation or season. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Palaseanu, Monica; Pearlstine, Leonard] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Palaseanu, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM mpal@usgs.gov; Leonard_Pearlstine@nps.gov NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 34 IS 7 BP 815 EP 826 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2007.08.004 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 304UR UT WOS:000256135100007 ER PT J AU Jacobson, RB Galat, DL AF Jacobson, Robert B. Galat, David L. TI Design of a naturalized flow regime-an example from the Lower Missouri River, USA SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE flow regime; hydrology; Missouri River; pallid sturgeon ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; WHITE STURGEON; LIFE-HISTORY; ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; AUSTRALIA; HABITAT; RECOMMENDATIONS; REHABILITATION; RESTORATION; PERSPECTIVE AB A group of river managers, stakeholders, and scientists met during summer 2005 to design a more naturalized flow regime for the Lower Missouri River (LMOR). The objective was to comply with requirements under the U.S. Endangered Species Act to support reproduction and survival of threatened and endangered species, with emphasis on the endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus), while minimizing negative effects to existing social and economic benefits of prevailing river management. Specific hydrograph requirements for pallid sturgeon reproduction are unknown, hence much of the design process was based on features of the natural flow regime. Enviornmental flow components (EFCs) extracted from the reference natural flow regime were used to design and assess performance of alternative flow regimes. The design process incorporated a primary stage in which conceptual hydrographs were developed and assessed for their general ecological and social-economic performance. The second stage accouted for hydroclimatic variation by coding the conceptual hydrographs into reservoir release rules, adding constraints for downstream flooding and low-storage precludes, and running the rules through 100 years of hydroclimatic simulation. The output flow regimes were then evaluated for presumed ecological benefits based on how closely they resembled EFCs in the reference natural flow regime. Flow regimes also were assessed for social-economic cost indicators, including days of flooding of low-lying agricultural land, days over flood stage, and storage levels in system reservoirs. Our experience with flow-regime design on the LMOR underscored the lack of confidence the stakeholders place in the value of the natural flow regime as a measure of ecosystem benefit in the absence of fundamental scientific documentation. Stakeholders desired proof of ecological benefits commensurate with certainty of economic losses. We also gained insight into the processes of integrating science into a collaborative management exercise. Although the 2005 collaborative effort failed to reach a consensus among stakeholders on a naturalized flow regime, the process was successful in pilot-testing a design approach: it helped focus scientific efforts on key knowledge gaps; and it demonstrated the potenetial for collaborations among scientists, stakeholders, and managers in river management decision making. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Jacobson, Robert B.] USGS CERC, Columbia, MO USA. [Galat, David L.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. RP Jacobson, RB (reprint author), USGS CERC, Columbia, MO USA. EM rjacobson@usgs.gov NR 97 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 28 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD JUL PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 81 EP 104 DI 10.1002/eco.9 PG 24 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 359PL UT WOS:000260000500001 ER PT J AU Leu, M Hanser, SE Knick, ST AF Leu, Matthias Hanser, Steven E. Knick, Steven T. TI The human footprint in the west: A large-scale analysis of anthropogenic impacts SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE abiotic interaction; anthropogenic disturbance; ecological human footprint; human footprint; human population growth; landscape management; land stewardship; physical human footprint; western United States ID COASTAL SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; COMMON RAVENS; LAND-USE; SAGE-GROUSE; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; EXURBAN DEVELOPMENT; PASSERINE BIRDS AB Anthropogenic features such as urbanization, roads, and power lines, are increasing in western United States landscapes in response to rapidly growing human populations. However, their spatial effects have not been evaluated. Our goal was to model the human footprint across the western United States. We. rst delineated the actual area occupied by anthropogenic features, the physical effect area. Next, we developed the human footprint model based on the ecological effect area, the zone in. uenced by features beyond their physical presence, by combining seven input models: three models quanti. ed top- down anthropogenic in. uences of synanthropic predators ( avian predators, domestic dog and cat presence risk), and four models quanti. ed bottom- up anthropogenic in. uences on habitat ( invasion of exotic plants, human- caused. res, energy extraction, and anthropogenic wildland fragmentation). Using independent bird population data, we found bird abundance of four synanthropic species to correlate positively with human footprint intensity and negatively for three of the six species in. uenced by habitat fragmentation. We then evaluated the extent of the human footprint in relation to terrestrial ( ecoregions) and aquatic systems ( major rivers and lakes), regional management and conservation status, physical environment, and temporal changes in human actions. The physical effect area of anthropogenic features covered 13% of the western United States with agricultural land ( 9.8%) being most dominant. High- intensity human footprint areas ( class 8 - 10) overlapped highly productive low- elevation private landholdings and covered 7% of the western United States compared to 48% for lowintensity areas ( class 1 - 3), which were con. ned to low- productivity high- elevation federal landholdings. Areas within 1 km of rivers were more affected by the human footprint compared to lakes. Percentage human population growth was higher in low- intensity human footprint areas. The disproportional regional effects of the human footprint on landscapes in the western United States create a challenge to management of ecosystems and wildlife populations. Using footprint models, managers can plan land use actions, develop restoration scenarios, and identify areas of high conservation value at local landscapes within a regional context. Moreover, human footprint models serve as a tool to stratify landscapes for studies investigating. oral and faunal response to human disturbance intensity gradients. C1 [Leu, Matthias; Hanser, Steven E.; Knick, Steven T.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Leu, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM mleu@usgs.gov OI Hanser, Steven/0000-0002-4430-2073 NR 150 TC 111 Z9 112 U1 12 U2 166 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1119 EP 1139 DI 10.1890/07-0480.1 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 327HG UT WOS:000257719600004 PM 18686576 ER PT J AU Gaidet, N Newman, SH Hagemeijer, W Dodman, T Cappelle, J Hammoumi, S De Simone, L Takekawa, JY AF Gaidet, Nicolas Newman, Scott H. Hagemeijer, Ward Dodman, Tim Cappelle, Julien Hammoumi, Saliha De Simone, Lorenzo Takekawa, John Y. TI Duck migration and past influenza A (H5N1) outbreak areas SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; VIRUSES; BIRDS C1 [Gaidet, Nicolas] Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agronom Dev, Dept Environnements & Soc, F-34398 Montpellier, France. [Newman, Scott H.; De Simone, Lorenzo] Food & Agr Org United Nat, Rome, Italy. [Hagemeijer, Ward; Dodman, Tim] Wetlands Int, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Vallejo, CA USA. RP Gaidet, N (reprint author), Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agronom Dev, Dept Environnements & Soc, UR Gest Integree Faune TA 30-E Campus Int Baillar, F-34398 Montpellier, France. EM nicolas.gaidet@cirad.fr RI Gaidet, Niccolas/H-8122-2013 NR 10 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2008 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1164 EP 1166 DI 10.3201/eid1407.071477 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 321HG UT WOS:000257294700034 PM 18598652 ER PT J AU Dauwalter, DC Splinter, DK Fisher, WL Marston, RA AF Dauwalter, Daniel C. Splinter, Dale K. Fisher, William L. Marston, Richard A. TI Biogeography, ecoregions, and geomorphology affect fish species composition in streams of eastern Oklahoma, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE fluvial geomorphology; River Continuum Concept; Process Domains Concept; spatial scale; stream fish assemblage; habitat filters ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; RIVER CONTINUUM; ASSEMBLAGES; ARKANSAS; CLASSIFICATION; ECOLOGY; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; SUCCESSION; ABUNDANCE AB Stream fish assemblages are structured by biogeographical, physical and biological factors acting on different spatial scales. We determined how physical factors, geomorphology and stream habitat, influenced fish species composition (presence-absence) in eastern Oklahoma, USA relative to the ecoregion and biogeographic effects previously reported. We sampled fish assemblages and surveyed geomorphology and habitat at 107 stream sites in the Boston Mountains, Ouachita Mountains, and Ozark Highlands ecoregions in eastern Oklahoma. Partial canonical correspondence analyses (pCCAs) and variance partitioning showed that patterns of endemism related to drainage basins and ecoregions explained important variation in fish species composition in all streams, but stream size and local channel morphology explained more variation overall. Stream size effects were most important in explaining variability in fish species composition in both northeastern and southeastern Oklahoma streams. Local channel morphology and substrate characteristics were secondarily important. Variables typically considered important as fish habitat (aquatic vegetation, etc.) had little effect on fish species composition. C1 [Dauwalter, Daniel C.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Fisher, William L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Dauwalter, Daniel C.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Fisher, William L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Splinter, Dale K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog & Geol, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA. [Marston, Richard A.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Geog, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Dauwalter, DC (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Dept 3166, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM ddauwalt@uwyo.edu NR 56 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUL PY 2008 VL 82 IS 3 BP 237 EP 249 DI 10.1007/s10641-007-9277-7 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 316QS UT WOS:000256965400005 ER PT J AU Ziegeweid, JR Jennings, CA Peterson, DL AF Ziegeweid, Jeffrey R. Jennings, Cecil A. Peterson, Douglas L. TI Thermal maxima for juvenile shortnose sturgeon acclimated to different temperatures SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE survival; mortality; Acipenser brevirostrum; ontogenetic; weight; hematocrit ID ACIPENSER-BREVIROSTRUM; ATLANTIC STURGEON; WHITE STURGEON; GREEN STURGEON; UNITED-STATES; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; HYPOXIA; TOLERANCE; MOVEMENTS AB Many populations of shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum, in the southeastern United States continue to suffer from poor juvenile recruitment. High summer water temperatures, which may be exacerbated by anthropogenic activities, are thought to affect recruitment by limiting available summer habitat. However, information regarding temperature thresholds of shortnose sturgeon is limited. In this study, the thermal maximum method and a heating rate of 0.1 degrees C min(-1) was used to determine critical and lethal thermal maxima for young-of-the-year (YOY) shortnose sturgeon acclimated to temperatures of 19.5 and 24.1 degrees C. Fish used in the experiment were 0.6 to 35.0 g in weight and 64 to 140 days post hatch (dph) in age. Critical thermal maxima were 33.7 degrees C (+/- 0.3) and 35.1 degrees C (+/- 0.2) for fish acclimated to 19.5 and 24.1 degrees C, respectively. Critical thermal maxima significantly increased with an increase in acclimation temperature (p < 0.0001). Lethal thermal maxima were 34.8 degrees C (+/- 0.1) and 36.1 degrees C (+/- 0.1) for fish acclimated to 19.5 and 24.1 degrees C, respectively. Lethal thermal maxima were significantly affected by acclimation temperature, the log(10)(fish weight), and the interaction between log(10)(fish weight) and acclimation temperature (p < 0.0001). Thermal maxima were used to estimate upper limits of safe temperature, thermal preferences, and optimal growth temperatures of YOY shortnose sturgeon. Upper limits of safe temperature were similar to previous temperature tolerance information and indicate that summer temperatures in southeastern rivers may be lethal to YOY shortnose sturgeon if suitable thermal refuge cannot be found. C1 [Jennings, Cecil A.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Res, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jennings, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Res, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jennings@uga.edu NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUL PY 2008 VL 82 IS 3 BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.1007/s10641-007-9292-8 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 316QS UT WOS:000256965400011 ER PT J AU Harris, R Kidd, K Shanley, J AF Harris, Reed Kidd, Karen Shanley, Jamie TI Bridging the knowledge gaps on the sources, speciation, fate and bioaccumulation of mercury in aquatic and terrestrial environments SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Harris, Reed] Tetra Tech Inc, St John, NB, Canada. [Kidd, Karen] Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst & Biol Dept, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Shanley, Jamie] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. RP Kidd, K (reprint author), Tetra Tech Inc, St John, NB, Canada. EM rharris6@cogeco.ca; kiddk@unbsj.ca; jshanley@usgs.gov OI Kidd, Karen/0000-0002-5619-1358 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 154 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.03.004 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 320TS UT WOS:000257258500001 PM 18433955 ER PT J AU Gorski, PR Armstrong, DE Hurley, JP Krabbenhoft, DP AF Gorski, P. R. Armstrong, D. E. Hurley, J. P. Krabbenhoft, D. P. TI Influence of natural dissolved organic carbon on the bioavailability of mercury to a freshwater alga SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Madison, WI SP Univ Wisconsin Madison, US Geol Survey, Univ Wisconsin La Crosse DE algae; mercury; methylmercury; bioavailability; dissolved organic carbon; isotopes ID AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; METHYL MERCURY; METHYLMERCURY; PHASE; LAKES; MONOMETHYLMERCURY; COMPLEXATION; SPECIATION; TOXICITY; SAMPLES AB Bioavailability of mercury (Hg) to Selenastrum capricornutum was assessed in bioassays containing field-collected freshwater of varying dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) was measured using stable isotopes of methylmercury (MeHg) and inorganic Hg(II). BCFs for MeHg in low-DOC lake water were significantly larger than those in mixtures of lake water and high-DOC river water. The BCF for MeHg in rainwater (lowest DOC) was the largest of any treatment. Rainwater and lake water also had larger BCFs for Hg(II) than river water. Moreover, in freshwater collected from several US and Canadian field sites, BCFs for Hg(II) and MeHg were low when DOC concentrations were >5 mg L-1. These results suggest high concentrations of DOC inhibit bioavailability, while low concentrations may provide optimal conditions for algal uptake of Hg. However, variability of BCFs at low DOC indicates that DOC composition or other ligands may determine site-specific bioavailability of Hg. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gorski, P. R.; Armstrong, D. E.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53718 USA. [Gorski, P. R.; Armstrong, D. E.; Hurley, J. P.] Univ Wisconsin, Water Sci & Engn Lab, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hurley, J. P.] Univ Wisconsin, Aquat Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Krabbenhoft, D. P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Gorski, PR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, 2601 Agr Dr, Madison, WI 53718 USA. EM gorskipr@slh.wisc.edu; armstron@engr.wisc.edu; hurley@aqua.wisc.edu; dpkrabbe@usgs.gov RI Hurley, James/A-9216-2010 NR 37 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 154 IS 1 BP 116 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.004 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 320TS UT WOS:000257258500013 PM 18222023 ER PT J AU Hall, BD Aiken, GR Krabbenhoft, DP Marvin-DiPasquale, M Swarzenski, CM AF Hall, B. D. Aiken, G. R. Krabbenhoft, D. P. Marvin-DiPasquale, M. Swarzenski, C. M. TI Wetlands as principal zones of methylmercury production in southern Louisiana and the Gulf of Mexico region SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Madison, WI SP Univ Wisconsin Madison, US Geol Survey, Univ Wisconsin La Crosse DE mercury; methylmercury; wetlands; Louisiana; dissolved organic carbon; sulphate ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; AQUEOUS-PHASE ETHYLATION; METHYL MERCURY; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; SULFATE STIMULATION; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; CANADIAN SHIELD; SEDIMENTS; WATER AB It is widely recognized that wetlands, especially those rich in organic matter and receiving appreciable atmospheric mercury (Hg) inputs, are important sites of methylmercury (MeHg) production. Extensive wetlands in the southeastern United States have many ecosystem attributes ideal for promoting high MeHg production rates; however, relatively few mercury cycling studies have been conducted in these environments. We conducted a landscape scale study examining Hg cycling in coastal Louisiana (USA) including four field trips conducted between August 2003 and May 2005. Sites were chosen to represent different ecosystem types, including: a large shallow eutrophic estuarine lake (Lake Pontchartrain), three rivers draining into the lake, a cypress-tupelo dominated freshwater swamp, and six emergent marshes ranging from a freshwater marsh dominated by Panicum hemitomon to a Spartina alterniflora dominated salt marsh close to the Gulf of Mexico. We measured MeHg and total Hg (THg) concentrations, and ancillary chemical characteristics, in whole and filtered surface water, and filtered porewater. Overall, MeHg concentrations were greatest in surface water of freshwater wetlands and lowest in the profundal (non-vegetated) regions of the lake and river mainstems. Concentrations of THg and MeHg in filtered surface water were positively correlated with the highly reactive, aromatic (hydrophobic organic acid) fraction of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). These results suggest that DOC plays an important role in promoting the mobility, transport and bioavailability of inorganic Hg in these environments. Further, elevated porewater concentrations in marine and brackish wetlands suggest coastal wetlands along the Gulf Coast are key sites for MeHg production and may be a principal source of MeHg to foodwebs in the Gulf of Mexico. Examining the relationships among MeHg, THg, and DOC across these multiple landscape types is a first step in evaluating possible links between key zones for Hg(II)-methylation and the bioaccumulation of mercury in the biota inhabiting the Gulf of Mexico region. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hall, B. D.] Univ Regina, Dept Biol, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Hall, B. D.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Aiken, G. R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Krabbenhoft, D. P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Marvin-DiPasquale, M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Swarzenski, C. M.] US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. RP Hall, BD (reprint author), Univ Regina, Dept Biol, 3737 Wascana Pkwy, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. EM britt.hall@uregina.ca NR 65 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 6 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 154 IS 1 BP 124 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.017 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 320TS UT WOS:000257258500014 PM 18242808 ER PT J AU Shanley, JB Mast, MA Campbell, DH Aiken, GR Krabbenhoft, DP Hunt, RJ Walker, JF Schuster, PF Chalmers, A Aulenbach, BT Peters, NE Marvin-DiPasquale, M Clow, DW Shafer, MM AF Shanley, James B. Mast, M. Alisa Campbell, Donald H. Aiken, George R. Krabbenhoft, David P. Hunt, Randall J. Walker, John F. Schuster, Paul F. Chalmers, Ann Aulenbach, Brent T. Peters, Norman E. Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark Clow, David W. Shafer, Martin M. TI Comparison of total mercury and methylmercury cycling at five sites using the small watershed approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Madison, WI SP Univ Wisconsin Madison, US Geol Survey, Univ Wisconsin La Crosse DE total mercury; methylmercury; episodic transport; watershed ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; BOREAL FOREST CATCHMENTS; METHYL MERCURY; PUERTO-RICO; SVARTBERGET CATCHMENT; NORTHERN SWEDEN; NATIONAL-PARK; TRANSPORT; DEPOSITION AB The small watershed approach is well-suited but underutilized in mercury research. We applied the small watershed approach to investigate total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) dynamics in streamwater at the five diverse forested headwater catchments of the US Geological Survey Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program. At all sites, baseflow THg was generally less than 1 ng L(-1) and MeHg was less than 0.2 ng L(-1). THg and MeHg concentrations increased with streamflow, so export was primarily episodic. At three sites, THg and MeHg concentration and export were dominated by the particulate fraction in association with POC at high flows, with maximum THg (MeHg) concentrations of 94 (2.56) ng L(-1) at Sleepers River, Vermont; 112 (0.75) ng L(-1) at Rio Icacos, Puerto Rico; and 55 (0.80) ng L(-1) at Panola Mt., Georgia. Filtered (<0.7 mu m) THg increased more modestly with flow in association with the hydrophobic acid fraction (HPOA) of DOC, with maximum filtered THg concentrations near 5 ng L(-1) at both Sleepers and Icacos. At Andrews Creek, Colorado, THg export was also episodic but was dominated by filtered THg, as POC concentrations were low. MeHg typically tracked THg so that each site had a fairly constant MeHg/THg ratio, which ranged from near zero at Andrews to 15% at the low-relief, groundwater-dominated Allequash Creek, Wisconsin. Allequash was the only site with filtered MeHg consistently above detection, and the filtered fraction dominated both THg and MeHg. Relative to inputs in wet deposition, watershed retention of THg (minus any subsequent volatilization) was 96.6% at Allequash, 60% at Sleepers, and 83% at Andrews. Icacos had a net export of THg, possibly due to historic gold mining or frequent disturbance from landslides. Quantification and interpretation of Hg dynamics was facilitated by the small watershed approach with emphasis on event sampling, (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shanley, James B.; Chalmers, Ann] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. [Mast, M. Alisa; Campbell, Donald H.; Clow, David W.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Aiken, George R.; Schuster, Paul F.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.; Hunt, Randall J.; Walker, John F.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Aulenbach, Brent T.; Peters, Norman E.] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. [Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Shafer, Martin M.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Shanley, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 628, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. EM jshanley@usgs.gov; mamast@usgs.gov; dhcampbe@usgs.gov; graiken@usgs.gov; dpkrabbe@usgs.gov; rjhunt@usgs.gov; jfwalker@usgs.gov; pschuste@usgs.gov; chalmers@usgs.gov; btaulenb@usgs.gov; nepeters@usgs.gov; mmarvin@usgs.gov; dwclow@usgs.gov; mmshafer@wise.edu RI Aulenbach, Brent/A-5848-2008; OI Aulenbach, Brent/0000-0003-2863-1288; Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 NR 65 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 154 IS 1 BP 143 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.031 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 320TS UT WOS:000257258500016 PM 18407389 ER PT J AU Hoang, TC Rogevich, EC Rand, GM Gardinali, PR Frakes, RA Bargar, TA AF Hoang, Tham C. Rogevich, Emily C. Rand, Gary M. Gardinali, Piero R. Frakes, Robert A. Bargar, Timothy A. TI Copper desorption in flooded agricultural soils and toxicity to the Florida apple snail (Pomacea paludosa): Implications in Everglades restoration SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE copper; toxicity; Florida apple snail; Pomacea paludosa; Everglades; Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) ID MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; WATER-QUALITY; ZINC; ACCUMULATION; GROWTH; HELIX; ZN; PH; CU; REPRODUCTION AB Copper (Cu) desorption and toxicity to the Florida apple snail were investigated from soils obtained from agricultural sites acquired under the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. Copper concentrations in I I flooded soils ranged from 5 to 234 mg/kg on day 0 and from 6.2 to 204 mg/kg on day 28 (steady-state). The steady-state Cu concentration in overlying water ranged from 9.1 to 308.2 mu g/L. In a 28-d growth study, high mortality in snails occurred within 9 to 16 d in two of three soil treatments tested. Growth of apple snails over 28 d was affected by Cu in these two treatments. Tissue Cu concentrations by day 14 were 12-23-fold higher in snails exposed to the three soil treatments compared to controls. The endangered Florida snail kite and its main food source, the Florida apple snail, may be at risk from Cu exposure in these managed agricultural soil-water ecosystems. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hoang, Tham C.; Rogevich, Emily C.; Rand, Gary M.] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Dept Environm Studies Ecotoxicol & Risk Assessmen, N Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Rogevich, Emily C.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Gardinali, Piero R.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Frakes, Robert A.; Bargar, Timothy A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, S Florida Ecol Serv Off, Vero Beach, FL 32960 USA. RP Rand, GM (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Dept Environm Studies Ecotoxicol & Risk Assessmen, 3000 NE 151st St, N Miami, FL 33181 USA. EM randg@fiu.edu NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 154 IS 2 BP 338 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.09.024 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 320TU UT WOS:000257258700021 PM 18068282 ER PT J AU Spruill, TB Bratton, JF AF Spruill, Timothy B. Bratton, John F. TI Estimation of groundwater and nutrient fluxes to the Neuse River estuary, North Carolina SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE groundwater flux; estuaries; nutrients; nitrogen; phosphorus; groundwater; water budget; seepage meter; eutrophication; nutrient loading ID COASTAL-PLAIN; SURFACE-WATER; DISCHARGE; SEEPAGE; NITRATE; BAY; SEDIMENTS; FLORIDA; BLOOMS; INPUT AB A study was conducted between April 2004 and September 2005 to estimate groundwater and nutrient discharge to the Neuse River estuary in North Carolina. The largest groundwater fluxes were observed to occur generally within 20 m of the shoreline. Groundwater flux estimates based on seepage meter measurements ranged from 2.86x10(8) to 4.33x10(8)m(3) annually and are comparable to estimates made using radon, a simple water-budget method, and estimates derived by using Darcy's Law and previously published general aquifer characteristics of the area. The lower groundwater flux estimate (equal to about 9 m(3) s(-1)), which assumed the narrowest groundwater discharge zone (20 m) of three zone widths selected for an area west of New Bern, North Carolina, most closely agrees with groundwater flux estimates made using radon (3-9 m(3)s(-1)) and Darcy's Law (about 9 m(3) s(-1)). A groundwater flux of 9 m(3) s(-1) is about 40% of the surface-water flow to the Neuse River estuary between Streets Ferry and the mouth of the estuary and about 7% of the surface-water inflow from areas upstream. Estimates of annual nitrogen (333 tonnes) and phosphorus (66 tonnes) fluxes from groundwater to the estuary, based on this analysis, are less than 6% of the nitrogen and phosphorus inputs derived from all sources (excluding oceanic inputs), and approximately 8% of the nitrogen and 17% of the phosphorus annual inputs from surface-water inflow to the Neuse River estuary assuming a mean annual precipitation of 1.27 m. We provide quantitative evidence, derived from three methods, that the contribution of water and nutrients from groundwater discharge to the Neuse River estuary is relatively minor, particularly compared with upstream sources of water and nutrients and with bottom sediment sources of nutrients. Locally high groundwater discharges do occur, however, and could help explain the occurrence of localized phytoplankton blooms, submerged aquatic vegetation, or fish kills. C1 [Spruill, Timothy B.] US Geol Survey, N Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Bratton, John F.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Spruill, TB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, N Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM tspruill@usgs.gov OI Bratton, John/0000-0003-0376-4981 NR 71 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2008 VL 31 IS 3 BP 501 EP 520 DI 10.1007/s12237-008-9040-0 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 316CY UT WOS:000256927700004 ER PT J AU Wall, GR Nystrom, EA Litten, S AF Wall, G. R. Nystrom, E. A. Litten, S. TI Suspended sediment transport in the freshwater reach of the Hudson River estuary in eastern New York SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Hudson River; suspended sediment; suspended sediment discharge; tidal freshwater; estuary; New York Harbor; resuspension; sediment transport; ADCP; Poughkeepsie ID CARBON AB Deposition of Hudson River sediment into New York Harbor interferes with navigation lanes and requires continuous dredging. Sediment dynamics at the Hudson estuary turbidity maximum (ETM) have received considerable study, but delivery of sediment to the ETM through the freshwater reach of the estuary has received relatively little attention and few direct measurements. An acoustic Doppler current profiler was positioned at the approximate limit of continuous freshwater to develop a 4-year time series of water velocity, discharge, suspended sediment concentration, and suspended sediment discharge. This data set was compared with suspended sediment discharge data collected during the same period at two sites just above the Hudson head-of-tide (the Federal Dam at Troy) that together represent the single largest source of sediment entering the estuary. The mean annual suspended sediment-discharge from the freshwater reach of the estuary was 737,000 metric tons. Unexpectedly, the total suspended sediment discharge at the study site in November and December slightly exceeded that observed during March and April, the months during which rain and snowmelt typically result in the largest sediment discharge to the estuary. Suspended sediment discharge at the study site exceeded that from the Federal Dam, even though the intervening reach appears to store significant amounts of sediment, suggesting that 30-40% of sediment discharge observed at the study site is derived from tributaries to the estuary between the Federal Dam and study site. A simple model of sediment entering and passing through the freshwater reach on a timescale of weeks appears reasonable during normal hydrologic conditions in adjoining watersheds; however, this simple model may dramatically overestimate sediment delivery during extreme tributary high flows, especially those at the end of, or after, the "flushing season" (October through April). Previous estimates of annual or seasonal sediment delivery from tributaries and the Federal Dam to the ETM and harbor may be high for those years with extreme tributary high-flow events. C1 [Wall, G. R.; Nystrom, E. A.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Litten, S.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY 12233 USA. RP Wall, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM grwall@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2008 VL 31 IS 3 BP 542 EP 553 DI 10.1007/s12237-008-9050-y PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 316CY UT WOS:000256927700007 ER PT J AU Alpers, CN Majzlan, J Koch, CB Bishop, JL Coleman, ML Dyar, MD McCleskey, RB Myneni, SCB Nordstrom, DK Sobron, P AF Alpers, C. N. Majzlan, J. Koch, C. Bender Bishop, J. L. Coleman, M. L. Dyar, M. D. McCleskey, R. B. Myneni, S. C. B. Nordstrom, D. K. Sobron, P. TI Chemistry and spectroscopy of iron-sulfate minerals from iron mountain, California, USA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Alpers, C. N.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Majzlan, J.] Univ Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. [Koch, C. Bender] Univ Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Bishop, J. L.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. [Coleman, M. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Dyar, M. D.] Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [McCleskey, R. B.; Nordstrom, D. K.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Myneni, S. C. B.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sobron, P.] Univ Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain. EM cnalpers@usgs.gov; juraj.majzlan@minpet.uni-freiburg.de; cbk@life.ku.dk; jbishop@seti.org; mitx.coleman@jpl.nasa.gov; mddyar@amherst.edu; rbmccles@usgs.gov; smyneni@princeton.edu; dkn@usgs.gov; psobron@iq.uva.es RI Koch, Chr./D-4670-2011; Koch, Christian /C-7070-2013 OI Koch, Christian /0000-0002-7496-297X NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A17 EP A17 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600040 ER PT J AU Amos, RT Bekins, BA Cozzarellli, IM Voytek, MA Kirshtein, J Delin, GN Blowes, DW AF Amos, R. T. Bekins, B. A. Cozzarellli, I. M. Voytek, M. A. Kirshtein, J. Delin, G. N. Blowes, D. W. TI Methane oxidation in a crude oil contaminated aquifer SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Amos, R. T.; Blowes, D. W.] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Bekins, B. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cozzarellli, I. M.; Voytek, M. A.; Kirshtein, J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Delin, G. N.] US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. EM ramos@uwaterloo.ca; babekins@usgs.gov; icozzare@usgs.gov; mavoytek@usas.gov; jkirshte@usgs.gov; delin@usgs.gov; blowes@uwaterloo.ca NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A20 EP A20 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600046 ER PT J AU Ayuso, RA Haeussler, PJ Bradley, DC AF Ayuso, R. A. Haeussler, P. J. Bradley, D. C. TI Nd-Sr-Pb geochemistry and petrogenetic framework for metallogenesis, south-central Alaska SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Ayuso, R. A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Haeussler, P. J.; Bradley, D. C.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rayuso@usgs.gov; pheuslr@usgs.gov; bradley@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A39 EP A39 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600085 ER PT J AU Barth, AP Fohey, NK Wooden, JL Mazdab, F Carter, CA AF Barth, A. P. Fohey, N. K. Wooden, J. L. Mazdab, F. Carter, C. A. TI Linking Jurassic plutonism and ignimbrite volcanism in California SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Barth, A. P.; Fohey, N. K.; Carter, C. A.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Wooden, J. L.; Mazdab, F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ibsz100@iupui.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A58 EP A58 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600122 ER PT J AU Bishop, JL Alpers, CN Coleman, ML Sobron, P Lane, MD Dyar, MD Schiffman, P AF Bishop, Janice L. Alpers, Charles N. Coleman, Max L. Sobron, Pablo Lane, Melissa D. Dyar, M. Darby Schiffman, Peter TI Sulfates on Mars: Comparison with spectral properties of analog sites SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Bishop, Janice L.] NASA ARC, SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Alpers, Charles N.] USGS Sacramento, Sacramento, CA USA. [Sobron, Pablo] Univ Valladolid, E-47002 Valladolid, Spain. [Dyar, M. Darby] Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA USA. [Schiffman, Peter] UCDavis, Davis, CA USA. EM jbishop@seti.org NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A85 EP A85 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600177 ER PT J AU Borrok, DM Ridley, WI Wanty, RB AF Borrok, D. M. Ridley, W. I. Wanty, R. B. TI Isotopic fractionation of Cu and Zn during adsorption onto bacterial surfaces SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Borrok, D. M.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Ridley, W. I.; Wanty, R. B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dborrok@utep.edu NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A99 EP A99 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600205 ER PT J AU Bowman, JR Moser, DE Wooden, JL Valley, JW Mazdab, FK Kita, N AF Bowman, John R. Moser, Desmond E. Wooden, Joseph L. Valley, John W. Mazdab, Frank K. Kita, Noriko TI Cathodoluminescence (CL), isotopic (Pb, O) and trace element zoning in lower crustal zircon documents growth of early continental lithosphere SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Bowman, John R.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Moser, Desmond E.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Wooden, Joseph L.; Mazdab, Frank K.] USGS Stanford Ion Probe Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Valley, John W.; Kita, Noriko] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM john.bowman@utah.edu; desmond.moser@uwa.ca RI Valley, John/B-3466-2011 OI Valley, John/0000-0003-3530-2722 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A107 EP A107 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600220 ER PT J AU Buss, HL White, AF Vivit, D Blum, AE Dessert, C Gaillardet, J AF Buss, H. L. White, A. F. Vivit, D. Blum, A. E. Dessert, C. Gaillardet, J. TI Mineral weathering in a deep volcaniclastic saprolite, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Buss, H. L.; White, A. F.; Vivit, D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Blum, A. E.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Dessert, C.] Observ Volcanol & Sismol Guadeloupe, Gourbeyre 97113, Guadeloupe. [Gaillardet, J.] Inst Phys Globe, F-75252 Paris 05, France. EM hlbuss@usgs.gov RI Buss, Heather/M-1693-2013; GAILLARDET, Jerome/F-9096-2010 OI GAILLARDET, Jerome/0000-0001-7982-1159 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A124 EP A124 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600255 ER PT J AU Calvert, AT Bacon, CR Sisson, TW Nye, CJ AF Calvert, A. T. Bacon, C. R. Sisson, T. W. Nye, C. J. TI Growth of an intrusive complex beneath Mt. Veniaminof, Alaska SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Calvert, A. T.; Bacon, C. R.; Sisson, T. W.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Nye, C. J.] Alaska Volcano Observ ADDGS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM acalvert@usgs.gov; cbacon@usgs.gov; tsisson@usgs.gov; cnye@giseis.alaska.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A130 EP A130 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600267 ER PT J AU Campbell, KM Qafoku, NP Kukkadapu, R Williams, KH Lesher, E Figueroa, L Peacock, A Wilkins, MJ Davis, JA Icenhower, J Long, PE AF Campbell, K. M. Qafoku, N. P. Kukkadapu, R. Williams, K. H. Lesher, E. Figueroa, L. Peacock, A. Wilkins, M. J. Davis, J. A. Icenhower, J. Long, P. E. TI Characterizing the extent and role of natural subsurface bioreduction in a uranium-contaminated aquifer SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Campbell, K. M.; Davis, J. A.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Qafoku, N. P.; Kukkadapu, R.; Icenhower, J.; Long, P. E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 98816 USA. [Williams, K. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lesher, E.; Figueroa, L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Peacock, A.] Haley & Aldrich Inc, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM kcampbell@usgs.gov RI Icenhower, Jonathan/E-8523-2011; Wilkins, Michael/A-9358-2013; Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; Long, Philip/F-5728-2013; Davis, James/G-2788-2015 OI Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682; NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A133 EP A133 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600273 ER PT J AU Carlson, RW Grove, TL Donnelly-Nolan, JM AF Carlson, R. W. Grove, T. L. Donnelly-Nolan, J. M. TI Concentrating the slab-fluid input to Newberry Volcano, Oregon SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Carlson, R. W.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Grove, T. L.] MIT, EAPS, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Donnelly-Nolan, J. M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rcarlson@ciw.edu; tlgrove@mit.edu; jdnolan@usgs.gov RI Grove, Timothy/M-9638-2013 OI Grove, Timothy/0000-0003-0628-1969 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A136 EP A136 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600279 ER PT J AU Chabau, F Blaes, E Pelt, E Dosseto, A Buss, H White, A Brantley, S AF Chabau, F. Blaes, E. Pelt, E. Dosseto, A. Buss, H. White, A. Brantley, S. TI Rate of spheroidal weathering determined by U-Series nuclides (Rio Icacos basin, Puerto Rico) SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Chabau, F.; Blaes, E.; Pelt, E.] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, CGS EOST, Strasbourg, France. [Dosseto, A.] Macquarie Univ, Gemoc Natl Key Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Buss, H.; White, A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Brantley, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Dosseto, Anthony/A-2543-2008; Buss, Heather/M-1693-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A145 EP A145 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600297 ER PT J AU Claiborne, LL Miller, CF Clynne, MA Wooden, JL Mazdab, FK AF Claiborne, L. L. Miller, C. F. Clynne, M. A. Wooden, J. L. Mazdab, F. K. TI Zircon from Mount St. Helens: Implications for magma storage SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Claiborne, L. L.; Miller, C. F.] Vanderbilt Univ, EES, Nashville, TN USA. [Clynne, M. A.] USGS, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Wooden, J. L.; Mazdab, F. K.] USGS, Stanford SHRIMP Lab, Palo Alto, CA USA. EM lily.e.lowery@vanderbilt.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A166 EP A166 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600338 ER PT J AU Clow, DW AF Clow, D. W. TI Sensitivity of mineral weathering rates to variations in climate SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Clow, D. W.] USGS WRD, MS Fed Ctr 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dwclow@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A169 EP A169 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600344 ER PT J AU Coplen, TB Holden, NH Wieser, ME AF Coplen, T. B. Holden, N. H. Wieser, M. E. TI What is the standard atomic weight of an element? SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID IUPAC TECHNICAL REPORT C1 [Coplen, T. B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Holden, N. H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wieser, M. E.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM tbcoplen@usgs.gov; holden@bnl.gov; mwieser@ucalgary.ca NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A178 EP A178 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600362 ER PT J AU Crusius, J Kroeger, K Bratton, J Erban, L Green, A Baldwin, S Sundquist, E AF Crusius, J. Kroeger, K. Bratton, J. Erban, L. Green, A. Baldwin, S. Sundquist, E. TI N2O fluxes from coastal waters due to submarine groundwater discharge SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Crusius, J.; Kroeger, K.; Bratton, J.; Erban, L.; Green, A.; Baldwin, S.; Sundquist, E.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jerusius@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A191 EP A191 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600389 ER PT J AU Curtis, GP Kohler, M Davis, JA Fox, PM AF Curtis, G. P. Kohler, M. Davis, J. A. Fox, P. M. TI Reactive transport modeling of U(VI) in small-scale tracer tests SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Curtis, G. P.; Davis, J. A.; Fox, P. M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kohler, M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM gpcurtis@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A192 EP A192 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600391 ER PT J AU DeBari, SM Sisson, TW Taylor, DD AF DeBari, S. M. Sisson, T. W. Taylor, D. D. TI High-Mg andesites from Glacier Peak WA, derivatives of mixing between low- and hi-Si endmembers SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [DeBari, S. M.; Taylor, D. D.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Sisson, T. W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM debari@geol.wwu.edu; tsisson@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A205 EP A205 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600417 ER PT J AU Du Bray, EA John, DA Evarts, RC AF Du Bray, E. A. John, D. A. Evarts, R. C. TI Petrogenetic and metallogenic evolution of the West Cascades arc - A tale of thin crust SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Du Bray, E. A.] US Geol Survey, DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [John, D. A.; Evarts, R. C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM edubray@usgs.gov; djohn@usgs.gov; revarts@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A229 EP A229 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600465 ER PT J AU Engle, MA Kolker, A Krabbenhoft, DP Olson, ML Tate, MT Soneira, C AF Engle, Mark A. Kolker, Allan Krabbenhoft, David P. Olson, Mark L. Tate, Michael T. Soneira, Casey TI Mercury and other trace elements in coastal South Carolina aerosols SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Engle, Mark A.; Kolker, Allan; Soneira, Casey] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.; Olson, Mark L.; Tate, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. EM engle@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A244 EP A244 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600495 ER PT J AU Foster, DA Mueller, PA Mogk, DW Wooden, JL Kamenov, GD Probst, K AF Foster, D. A. Mueller, P. A. Mogk, D. W. Wooden, J. L. Kamenov, G. D. Probst, K. TI Plutonic imaging: A key to understanding crustal evolution SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Foster, D. A.; Mueller, P. A.; Kamenov, G. D.; Probst, K.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Mogk, D. W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Wooden, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Mueller, Paul/B-3974-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A278 EP A278 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600563 ER PT J AU Garrison, VH AF Garrison, V. H. TI Aerobiogeochemistry perturbations of the Anthropocene Epoch Or - What does this stuff in the air do to the world? SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Garrison, V. H.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ginger_garrison@usgs.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A297 EP A297 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600601 ER PT J AU Gray, JE Fey, DL Goldstein, H Reynolds, RL AF Gray, John E. Fey, David L. Goldstein, Harland Reynolds, Richard L. TI Mercury deposition and flux in Narraguinnep Reservoir, Southwestern Colorado, USA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Gray, John E.; Fey, David L.; Goldstein, Harland; Reynolds, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jgray@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A324 EP A324 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600655 ER PT J AU Griffith, EM Paytan, A Bullen, TD AF Griffith, Elizabeth M. Paytan, Adina Bullen, Thomas D. TI Evidence for a dynamic marine calcium cycle during the past 30 million years from a record of Calcium isotopes in marine barite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Griffith, Elizabeth M.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Paytan, Adina] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM emgriffith@stanford.edu; apaytan@ucsc.edu; tdbullen@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A329 EP A329 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600665 ER PT J AU Hay, MB Leri, AC Myneni, SCB AF Hay, M. B. Leri, A. C. Myneni, S. C. B. TI Organosulfur speciation and dynamics in forest floor leaf litter and dissolved organic matter SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Hay, M. B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Leri, A. C.] Marymt Manhattan Coll, Div Sci, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Myneni, S. C. B.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM mbhay@usgs.gov; aleri@mmm.edu; smyneni@princeton.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A359 EP A359 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600724 ER PT J AU Holloway, JM Scow, KM Goldhaber, MB AF Holloway, Joann M. Scow, Kate. M. Goldhaber, Martin B. TI Influence of soil geochemistry on microbial community structure in a Northern California watershed SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Holloway, Joann M.; Goldhaber, Martin B.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Scow, Kate. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jholloway@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A388 EP A388 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601039 ER PT J AU Horner, TJ Schonbachler, M Rehkamper, M Williams, H Nielsen, SG Halliday, AN Hein, JR AF Horner, T. J. Schoenbaechler, M. Rehkaemper, M. Williams, H. Nielsen, S. G. Halliday, A. N. Hein, J. R. TI Ferromanganese crusts as archives of deep-water Cd isotope compositions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID CADMIUM C1 [Horner, T. J.; Schoenbaechler, M.; Rehkaemper, M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Schoenbaechler, M.] Univ Manchester, SEAES, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Williams, H.; Nielsen, S. G.; Halliday, A. N.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 4BH, England. [Hein, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A392 EP A392 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601047 ER PT J AU Izbicki, JA Kulp, TR Bullen, TD Ball, JW O'Leary, DR AF Izbicki, John A. Kulp, Thomas R. Bullen, Thomas D. Ball, James W. O'Leary, David R. TI Chromium mobilization from the unsaturated zone SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Izbicki, John A.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA USA. [Kulp, Thomas R.; Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ball, James W.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [O'Leary, David R.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA USA. EM jaizbick@usgs.gov; trkulp@usgs.gov; tdbullen@usgs.gov; jwball@usgs.gov; doleary@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A417 EP A417 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601097 ER PT J AU Jicha, BR Johnson, CM Hildreth, W Beard, BL Hart, GL Shirey, SB Singer, BS AF Jicha, B. R. Johnson, C. M. Hildreth, W. Beard, B. L. Hart, G. L. Shirey, S. B. Singer, B. S. TI Deciphering crust vs. mantle inputs and timescales of magma genesis at Mount Adams using U-238-Th-230 disequilibria and Os isotopes SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Jicha, B. R.; Johnson, C. M.; Beard, B. L.; Singer, B. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hildreth, W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hart, G. L.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Shirey, S. B.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM bjicha@geology.wisc.edu RI Singer, Bradley/F-4991-2012 OI Singer, Bradley/0000-0003-3595-5168 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A432 EP A432 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601127 ER PT J AU Kulongoski, JT Belitz, K Hilton, DR Izbicki, JA AF Kulongoski, Justin T. Belitz, Ken Hilton, David R. Izbicki, John A. TI Climate variability in the Mojave Desert over the past 43 ka SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Kulongoski, Justin T.; Belitz, Ken; Izbicki, John A.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA USA. [Hilton, David R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kulongos@usgs.gov; kbelitz@usgs.gov; drhilton@ucsd.edu; jaizbick@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A501 EP A501 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601266 ER PT J AU Larson, PB Phillips, A John, D Cosca, M Pritchard, C Andersen, A Manion, I AF Larson, P. B. Phillips, A. John, D. Cosca, M. Pritchard, C. Andersen, A. Manion, I. TI Older hydrothermal alteration in the Yellowstone caldera, Wyoming SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Larson, P. B.; Phillips, A.; Pritchard, C.; Andersen, A.; Manion, I.] Washington State Univ, SEES, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [John, D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cosca, M.] Univ Lausanne, Inst Mineral & Geochem, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM plarson@wsy.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A518 EP A518 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601299 ER PT J AU Lewan, MD Higley-Feldman, DK Roberts, LNR Henry, ME AF Lewan, M. D. Higley-Feldman, D. K. Roberts, L. N. R. Henry, M. E. TI Source of heavy oils and tars in the Athabasca Oil Sands based on geochemistry and 4-D basin modeling SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Lewan, M. D.; Higley-Feldman, D. K.; Roberts, L. N. R.; Henry, M. E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A538 EP A538 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601340 ER PT J AU Lyles, MB Fredrickson, HL Bednar, AJ Fannin, HB Griffin, D Sobecki, TM AF Lyles, M. B. Fredrickson, H. L. Bednar, A. J. Fannin, H. B. Griffin, D. Sobecki, T. M. TI Medical geology: Dust exposure and potential health risks in the Middle East SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Lyles, M. B.] USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC 20372 USA. [Fredrickson, H. L.; Bednar, A. J.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Fannin, H. B.] Murray State Univ, Dept Chem, Murray, KY 42071 USA. [Griffin, D.] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Sobecki, T. M.] USA, Corp Engn, Hanover, NH USA. EM mark.lyles@med.navy.mil; Fredrickson.Herbert@epamail.epa.gov; Anthony.J.Bednar@erdc.usace.army.mil; harry.fannin@murraystate.edu; dgriffin@usgs.gov; Terry.M.Sobecki@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A576 EP A576 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601415 ER PT J AU Maheri, K Harden, J Stock, J Reheis, M AF Maheri, K. Harden, J. Stock, J. Reheis, M. TI High-resolution paleoclimate records from soils using SIMS approaches SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Maheri, K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Env Sci, Stanford, CA 94501 USA. [Maheri, K.; Harden, J.; Stock, J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Reheis, M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO USA. EM kmaher@stanford.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A586 EP A586 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601434 ER PT J AU Mayanovic, RA Anderson, AJ Bassett, WA Chou, IM AF Mayanovic, Robert A. Anderson, Alan J. Bassett, William A. Chou, I-Ming TI REE-chloride complexing in hydrothermal fluids with new data on Lanthanum chloroaqua complexes SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Mayanovic, Robert A.] SW Missouri State Univ, Springfield, MO 65802 USA. [Anderson, Alan J.] St Francis Xavier Univ, Antigonish, NS B2G 1C0, Canada. [Bassett, William A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Chou, I-Ming] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM robertmayanovic@missourstate.edu; aanderso@stfx.ca; WAB7@cornell.edu; imchou@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A607 EP A607 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601476 ER PT J AU Mazdab, FK Johnson, DA Barton, MD AF Mazdab, Frank K. Johnson, David A. Barton, Mark D. TI Trace element characteristics of hydrothermal titanite from ironoxide-Cu-Au (IOCG) mineralization SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Mazdab, Frank K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Johnson, David A.] Bronco Creek Explorat Inc, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Barton, Mark D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM fmazdab@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A609 EP A609 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601480 ER PT J AU Mibe, K Chou, IM Anderson, AJ Mayanovic, RA Bassett, WA AF Mibe, K. Chou, I-M. Anderson, A. J. Mayanovic, R. A. Bassett, W. A. TI In situ Raman spectroscopic investigation of the structure and speciation of aqueous zinc bromide solutions to 500 degrees C and 0.9 GPa SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Mibe, K.] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. [Mibe, K.; Bassett, W. A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chou, I-M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Anderson, A. J.] St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. [Mayanovic, R. A.] Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Mat Sci, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. EM mibe@eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A624 EP A624 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601510 ER PT J AU Mills, CT Goldhaber, MB Foster, AL Morrison, JM AF Mills, Christopher T. Goldhaber, Martin B. Foster, Andrea L. Morrison, Jean M. TI Cr(III) oxidation by soluble Mn(III) chelates: A potential biogeochemical pathway for the enhanced mobilization of Cr from spinels SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Mills, Christopher T.; Goldhaber, Martin B.; Morrison, Jean M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Foster, Andrea L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cmills@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A631 EP A631 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601524 ER PT J AU Mishra, B Hay, MB Myneni, SCB AF Mishra, B. Hay, M. B. Myneni, S. C. B. TI Structure and coordination of aluminum in aqueous solution and on mineral surfaces SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Mishra, B.; Myneni, S. C. B.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hay, M. B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A634 EP A634 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601531 ER PT J AU Morrison, JM Goldhaber, MB Lee, L Holloway, JM Wanty, RB AF Morrison, Jean M. Goldhaber, Martin B. Lee, Lopaka Holloway, Joann M. Wanty, Richard B. TI Weathering and transport of Cr and Ni in northern California soils SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Morrison, Jean M.; Goldhaber, Martin B.; Holloway, Joann M.; Wanty, Richard B.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jmorrison@usgs.gov; mgold@usgs.gov; rclee@usgs.gov; jholloway@usgs.gov; rwanty@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A653 EP A653 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601568 ER PT J AU Muffler, LJP Clynn, MA Calvert, AT Champion, DE AF Muffler, L. J. P. Clynn, M. A. Calvert, A. T. Champion, D. E. TI Eruption of discrete magma batches along a normal fault zone: The Poison Lake chain, Caribou Volcanic Field, southernmost Cascades SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Muffler, L. J. P.; Calvert, A. T.; Champion, D. E.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM pmuffler@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A660 EP A660 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601583 ER PT J AU Nimick, DA Gurrier, JT Furniss, G AF Nimick, David A. Gurrieri, Joseph T. Furniss, George TI An empirical method for, estimating instream pre-mining pH and dissolved Cu concentration in catchments with acidic drainage and ferricrete SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Nimick, David A.] US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Gurrieri, Joseph T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Furniss, George] Univ Montana, Dept Geol, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM dnimick@usgs.gov; jgurrieri@fs.fed.us; comogeo@gmail.coin NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A683 EP A683 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601628 ER PT J AU Nye, CJ Coombs, ML Larsen, J Izbekov, P Tilman, A Cameron, C AF Nye, C. J. Coombs, M. L. Larsen, J. Izbekov, P. Tilman, A. Cameron, C. TI Augustine Volcano: Mg, Cr, & Ni-rich; LILE, REE and HFSE-poor SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Nye, C. J.; Cameron, C.] Alaska Geol & Geophys Surveys, AVO, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Coombs, M. L.] US Geol Survey, AVO, Anchorage, AK USA. [Larsen, J.; Izbekov, P.; Tilman, A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, AVO, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM cnye@giseis.alaska.edu RI Izbekov, Pavel/B-5110-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A692 EP A692 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601647 ER PT J AU Perfit, MR Schmitt, AK Ridley, WI Rubin, KH Valley, JW AF Perfit, M. R. Schmitt, A. K. Ridley, W. I. Rubin, K. H. Valley, J. W. TI Petrogenesis of dacites from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Perfit, M. R.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Schmitt, A. K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Ridley, W. I.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Rubin, K. H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Valley, J. W.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. EM perfit@geology.ufl.edu RI Valley, John/B-3466-2011; Rubin, Kenneth/B-3685-2008 OI Valley, John/0000-0003-3530-2722; Rubin, Kenneth/0000-0002-8554-1337 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A736 EP A736 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601735 ER PT J AU Peters, NE AF Peters, Norman E. TI Water and solute mass balance of five small, relatively undisturbed watersheds in the US SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Peters, Norman E.] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. EM nepeters@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A739 EP A739 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602002 ER PT J AU Phillips, FM Marrero, SM Roof, S Smith, RSU Jayko, AS AF Phillips, Fred M. Marrero, Shasta M. Roof, Steven Smith, Roger S. U. Jayko, Angela S. TI Cosmogenic 36Cl chronology for pleistocene shoreline deposits in Panamint Valley, California SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Phillips, Fred M.; Marrero, Shasta M.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Roof, Steven] Hampshire Coll, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Jayko, Angela S.] USGS, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. EM phillips@nmt.edu; shasta@nmt.edu; srNS@hampshire.edu; rsusmith@mcableone.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A744 EP A744 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602012 ER PT J AU Point, D Day, RD Sonke, JE Vanderpol, SV Roseneau, DG Donard, OFX Simac, K Moors, AJ Pugh, RS Becker, PR AF Point, D. Day, R. D. Sonke, J. E. Vanderpol, S. V. Roseneau, D. G. Donard, O. F. X. Simac, K. Moors, A. J. Pugh, R. S. Becker, P. R. TI Mercury isotopes fractionation in the Alaskan marine envIronment along an Arctic/subArctic transect SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Point, D.; Day, R. D.; Vanderpol, S. V.; Moors, A. J.; Pugh, R. S.; Becker, P. R.] Hollings Marine Lab, NIST, Charleston, SC USA. [Sonke, J. E.] CNRS, UMR 5563, UR 154, LMTG, Toulouse, France. [Roseneau, D. G.] Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK USA. [Donard, O. F. X.] IPREM ECABIE, UMR 5254, Pau, France. [Simac, K.] USGS, Biol Resources Div, Anchorage, AK USA. EM david.point@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A755 EP A755 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602034 ER PT J AU Poulson, SR Sullivan, AB AF Poulson, Simon R. Sullivan, Annett B. TI Diel biogeochemical processes in the cyanobacterial-impacted Klamath River, Oregon, USA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Poulson, Simon R.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Eng, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Sullivan, Annett B.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM poulson@mines.unr.edu; annett@usgs.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A757 EP A757 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602039 ER PT J AU Rehkamper, M Baker, RGA Nielsen, SG Hinkley, TK Toutain, JP AF Rehkaemper, M. Baker, R. G. A. Nielsen, S. G. Hinkley, T. K. Toutain, J. P. TI Thallium isotope constraints on early Cenozoic climate change SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID CRUST C1 [Rehkaemper, M.; Baker, R. G. A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Baker, R. G. A.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Nielsen, S. G.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. [Hinkley, T. K.] US Geol Survey, US Natl Ice Core Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Toutain, J. P.] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, OMP,LMTG, F-31400 Toulouse, France. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A782 EP A782 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602089 ER PT J AU Riggins, SG Anderson, SP Blum, AE AF Riggins, S. G. Anderson, S. P. Blum, A. E. TI Transformations across the bedrock/saprolite - regolith boundary SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Riggins, S. G.; Anderson, S. P.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Riggins, S. G.; Anderson, S. P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Blum, A. E.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM Susan.Riggins@colorado.edu; Suzanne.Anderson@colorado.edu; aeblum@usgs.gov RI Anderson, Suzanne/F-4039-2014 OI Anderson, Suzanne/0000-0002-6796-6649 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A798 EP A798 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602120 ER PT J AU Root, RA O'day, P Hering, J Campbell, K Vlassopoulos, D AF Root, Robert A. O'day, Peggy Hering, Janet Campbell, Kate Vlassopoulos, Dimitrios TI Predicting arsenic behavior in high-iron subsurface environments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Root, Robert A.; O'day, Peggy] Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA USA. [Hering, Janet] EAWAG, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Campbell, Kate] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Vlassopoulos, Dimitrios] SSPA, Portland, OR USA. EM rroot@ucmerced.edu; poday@ucmerced.edu; janet.hering@eawag.ch; kcampbell@usgs.gov; dimitri@sspa.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A805 EP A805 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602134 ER PT J AU Schroth, AW Crusius, J Sholkovitz, ER Bostick, BC AF Schroth, Andrew W. Crusius, John Sholkovitz, Edward R. Bostick, Benjamin C. TI Iron speciation and high solubility in Alaskan glacial dust SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Schroth, Andrew W.; Crusius, John] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Sholkovitz, Edward R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bostick, Benjamin C.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM aschroth@usgs.gov; jcrusius@usgs.gov; esholkovitz@whoi.edu; ben.bostick@dartmouth.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A840 EP A840 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602204 ER PT J AU Slack, JF Ridley, WI Dusel-Bacon, C Fayek, M AF Slack, J. F. Ridley, W. I. Dusel-Bacon, C. Fayek, M. TI Extreme sulfur isotope variation in the Dry Creek massive sulfide deposit, east-central Alaska SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Slack, J. F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Ridley, W. I.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Dusel-Bacon, C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fayek, M.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Geol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM jfslack@usgs.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A876 EP A876 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602277 ER PT J AU Steefel, CI Williams, KH Li, L Davis, JA AF Steefel, Carl I. Williams, Kenneth H. Li, Li Davis, James A. TI Modeling of thermodynamic and kinetic controls on complex biogeochemical reaction networks SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Steefel, Carl I.; Williams, Kenneth H.; Li, Li] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Davis, James A.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM CISteefel@ibl.gov; KHWilliams@ibl.gov; LiLi@ibl.gov; JADacis@usgs.gov RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010; Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; Davis, James/G-2788-2015 OI Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A893 EP A893 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602311 ER PT J AU Stetson, S Gray, J Ridley, WI Wanty, RB Pribil, M Wolf, RE MaCalady, DL AF Stetson, Sarah Gray, John Ridley, W. Ian Wanty, Richard B. Pribil, Michael Wolf, Ruth E. MaCalady, Donald L. TI Variation of Hg isotope ratios between cinnabar and its resulting calcines by multicollector ICP-MS with standard sample bracket correction SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Stetson, Sarah; MaCalady, Donald L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Stetson, Sarah; Gray, John; Ridley, W. Ian; Wanty, Richard B.; Pribil, Michael; Wolf, Ruth E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM sstetson@mines.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A898 EP A898 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602321 ER PT J AU Stillings, LL Amacher, MC AF Stillings, Lisa L. Amacher, Michael C. TI Kinetics of Se release in mine waste from the Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale, Phosphoria Formation, Wooley Valley, ID, USA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Stillings, Lisa L.] US Geol Survey, Reno, NV USA. [Amacher, Michael C.] US Forest Serv, RMRS, Logan, UT USA. EM stilling@usgs.gov; mamacher@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A901 EP A901 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602327 ER PT J AU Stoeser, DB Wilson, SA Fikes, J McLemore, C Rickman, D AF Stoeser, D. B. Wilson, S. A. Fikes, J. McLemore, C. Rickman, D. TI Development of lunar highland regolith simulants, NU-LHT-1M,-2M SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Stoeser, D. B.; Wilson, S. A.] USGS, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fikes, J.; McLemore, C.; Rickman, D.] NASA, MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM dstoeser@usgs.gov; swilson@usgs.gov; john.fikes@nasa.gov; carole.a.mcleinore@nasa.gov; Doug.Rickman@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A902 EP A902 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602329 ER PT J AU Stollenwerk, KG Paul, AP Welch, AH Maurer, DK AF Stollenwerk, K. G. Paul, A. P. Welch, A. H. Maurer, D. K. TI In situ remediation of Arsenic in groundwater SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Stollenwerk, K. G.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Paul, A. P.; Welch, A. H.; Maurer, D. K.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV USA. EM kgstolle@usgs.gov; appaul@usgs.gov; ahwelch@usgs.gov; dkmaurer@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A903 EP A903 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602330 ER PT J AU Stroud, MM Mueller, PA Foster, DA Kamenov, GD Mogk, D Wooden, JL AF Stroud, Misty M. Mueller, Paul A. Foster, David A. Kamenov, George D. Mogk, David Wooden, Joseph L. TI Evidence for recycling of crust and mantle lithosphere during a 2.4 Ga rifting event SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Stroud, Misty M.; Mueller, Paul A.; Foster, David A.; Kamenov, George D.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Mogk, David] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] USGS Stanford Ion Microprobe Facil, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM stroud@ufl.edu RI Mueller, Paul/B-3974-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A908 EP A908 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602340 ER PT J AU Sturchio, NC Caffee, MW Bohlke, JK Gu, B Hatzinger, PB AF Sturchio, N. C. Caffee, M. W. Boehlke, J. K. Gu, B. Hatzinger, P. B. TI Cl-36: Tracer of perchlorate origin? SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Sturchio, N. C.] Univ Illinois, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Caffee, M. W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Boehlke, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Gu, B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hatzinger, P. B.] Shaw Environm Inc, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. EM sturchio@uic.edu RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A910 EP A910 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602344 ER PT J AU Sullivan, AB Snyder, DM AF Sullivan, A. B. Snyder, D. M. TI Biochemical Oxygen demand in the Keno reach of the Klamath River, Oregon, USA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Sullivan, A. B.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Snyder, D. M.] Montana Bur Mines & Geol, Butte, MT 59701 USA. EM annett@usgs.gov; DSnyder@mtech.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A913 EP A913 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602350 ER PT J AU Tracy, R Loehn, C Dahl, P Hamilton, M Mazdab, F Aleinikoff, J Wooden, J Miller, B AF Tracy, R. Loehn, C. Dahl, P. Hamilton, M. Mazdab, F. Aleinikoff, J. Wooden, J. Miller, B. TI Comparative chemical versus isotopic dating of monazites SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Tracy, R.; Loehn, C.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Dahl, P.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Hamilton, M.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. [Mazdab, F.; Aleinikoff, J.; Wooden, J.] USGS, Stanford SHRIMP Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Miller, B.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM rtracy@vt.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A954 EP A954 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602432 ER PT J AU Vlassopoulos, D Serrano, S Kinniburgh, DG Parkhurst, DL AF Vlassopoulos, D. Serrano, S. Kinniburgh, D. G. Parkhurst, D. L. TI A CD-MUSIC surface complexation database for modeling oxyanion sorption on Iron oxyhydroxides SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Vlassopoulos, D.] SS Papadopulos & Associates, Portland, OR USA. [Serrano, S.] UC Merced, Merced, CA USA. [Serrano, S.] CSIC, CCMA, ICA, Madrid, Spain. [Kinniburgh, D. G.] BGS, Wallingford, Oxon, England. [Parkhurst, D. L.] USGS, Lakewood, CO USA. EM dimitri@sspa.com; sserrano@ucmerced.edu; dgk@bgs.ac.uk; dlpark@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A986 EP A986 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602497 ER PT J AU Walton-Day, K AF Walton-Day, K. TI Using stable isotopes in water to characterize water sources to abandoned mine tunnels SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Walton-Day, K.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kwaltond@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A993 EP A993 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602511 ER PT J AU Wanty, RB Golhaber, MB Morrison, J Lee, L AF Wanty, R. B. Golhaber, M. B. Morrison, J. Lee, L. TI Basin-scale variations, in California ground-water chemistry utilizing a publicly available database SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Wanty, R. B.; Golhaber, M. B.; Morrison, J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lee, L.] US Geol Survey, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. EM rwanty@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A1005 EP A1005 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602534 ER PT J AU White, A Bullen, TD Vivit, DV Schulz, MS AF White, A. Bullen, T. D. Vivit, D. V. Schulz, M. S. TI Chemical interactions in rainfall/shallow soil pore water in coastal watersheds SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [White, A.; Bullen, T. D.; Vivit, D. V.; Schulz, M. S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM afwhite@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A1017 EP A1017 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602559 ER PT J AU White, AF Brantley, SL AF White, A. F. Brantley, S. L. TI Approaches to estimating chemical weathering rates in soils SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [White, A. F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Brantley, S. L.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM afwhite@usgs.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A1017 EP A1017 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602558 ER PT J AU Wilson, SA Koenig, AE Orklid, R AF Wilson, S. A. Koenig, A. E. Orklid, R. TI Development of microanalytical reference material (MACS-3) for LA-ICP-MS analysis of carbonate samples SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Wilson, S. A.; Koenig, A. E.; Orklid, R.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM swilson@usgs.gov; akoenig@usgs.gov; rorklid@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A1025 EP A1025 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602575 ER PT J AU Wolf, RE Morman, SA Plumlee, GS Hageman, PL Adams, M AF Wolf, R. E. Morman, S. A. Plumlee, G. S. Hageman, P. L. Adams, M. TI Release of hexavalent Chromium by ash and soils in wildfire impacted areas SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Wolf, R. E.; Morman, S. A.; Plumlee, G. S.; Hageman, P. L.; Adams, M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rwolf@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A1031 EP A1031 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602587 ER PT J AU Wooden, JL Mazdab, FK Mueller, PA Aleinikoff, JN Lund, K Wiegand, B Kita, N Valley, JW AF Wooden, J. L. Mazdab, F. K. Mueller, P. A. Aleinikoff, J. N. Lund, K. Wiegand, B. Kita, N. Valley, J. W. TI Geochemical and isotopic evidence for the origin of the Boulder batholith, Montana SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Wooden, J. L.; Mazdab, F. K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mueller, P. A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Aleinikoff, J. N.; Lund, K.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wiegand, B.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kita, N.; Valley, J. W.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jwooden@usgs.gov RI Valley, John/B-3466-2011; Mueller, Paul/B-3974-2013 OI Valley, John/0000-0003-3530-2722; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A1034 EP A1034 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602593 ER PT J AU Wooden, JL Mazdab, FK AF Wooden, J. L. Mazdab, F. K. TI Applying zircon compositional data to detrital zircon studies SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Wooden, J. L.; Mazdab, F. K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jwooden@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A1034 EP A1034 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602592 ER PT J AU Lipman, PW McIntosh, WC AF Lipman, Peter W. McIntosh, William C. TI Eruptive and noneruptive calderas, northeastern San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Where did the ignimbrites come from? SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE volcanism; ignimbrites; calderas; Ar-40/Ar-39 ages; San Juan Mountains; eruptive processes ID OLIGOCENE VOLCANIC-ROCKS; ASH-FLOW CALDERAS; CENTRAL ANDES; SOUTHWESTERN COLORADO; MAGMATIC EVOLUTION; LA-PACANA; FIELD; SUBSIDENCE; COMPLEX; BATHOLITH AB The northeastern San Juan Mountains, the least studied portion of this well-known segment of the Southern Rocky Mountains Volcanic Field are the site of several newly identified and reinterpreted ignimbrite calderas. These calderas document some unique eruptive features not described before from large volcanic systems elsewhere, as based on recent mapping, petrologic data, and a large array of newly determined high-precision, laser-fusion Ar-40/Ar-39 ages (140 samples). Tightly grouped sanidine ages document exceptionally brief durations of 50-100 k.y. or less for individual Oligocene caldera cycles; biotite ages are more variable and commonly as much as several hundred k.y. older than sanidine from the same volcanic unit. A previously unknown ignimbrite caldera at North Pass, along the Continental Divide in the Cochetopa Hills, was the source of the newly distinguished 32.25-Ma Saguache Creek Tuff (similar to 400-500 km(3)). This regionally distinctive crystal-poor alkalic rhyolite helps fill an apparent gap in the southwestward migration from older explosive activity, from calderas along the N-S Sawatch locus in central Colorado (youngest, Bonanza Tuff at 33.2 Ma), to the culmination of Tertiary volcanism in the San Juan region, where large-volume ignimbrite eruptions started at ca. 29.5 Ma and peaked with the enormous Fish Canyon Tuff (5000 km) at 28.0 Ma. The entire North Pass cycle, including caldera-forming Saguache Creek Tuff, thick caldera-filling lavas, and a smaller volume late tuff sheet, is tightly bracketed at 32.25-32.17 Ma. No large ignimbrites were erupted in the interval 32-29 Ma, but a previously unmapped cluster of dacite-rhyolite lava flows and small tuffs, areally associated with a newly recognized intermediate-composition intrusion 5 x 10 km across (largest subvolcanic intrusion in San Juan region) centered 15 km north of the North Pass caldera, marks a near-caldera-size silicic system active at 29.8 Ma. In contrast to the completely filled North Pass caldera that has little surviving topographic expression, no voluminous tuffs vented directly from the adjacent Cochetopa Park caldera, which is morphologically beautifully preserved. Instead, Cochetopa Park subsided passively as the >500 km(3) Nelson Mountain Tuff vented at 26.9 Ma from an "underfit" caldera (youngest of the San Luis complex) 30 km to the SW. Three separate regional ignimbrites were erupted sequentially from San Luis calderas within an interval of less than 50-100 k.y., a more rapid recurrence rate for large explosive eruptions than previously documented elsewhere. In eruptive processes, volcanic compositions, areal extent, duration of activity, and magmatic production rates and volumes, the Southern Rocky Mountains Volcanic Field represents present-day erosional remnants of a composite volcanic field, comparable to younger ignimbrite terranes of the Central Andes. C1 [Lipman, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McIntosh, William C.] New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Lipman, PW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM plipman@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 120 IS 7-8 BP 771 EP 795 DI 10.1130/B26330.1 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 323DC UT WOS:000257423200001 ER PT J AU Tetreault, J Jones, CH Erslev, E Larson, S Hudson, M Holdaway, S AF Tetreault, Joya Jones, Craig H. Erslev, Eric Larson, Scott Hudson, Mark Holdaway, Steven TI Paleomagnetic and structural evidence for oblique slip in a fault-related fold, Grayback monocline, Colorado SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE oblique slip; folds; Laramide; vertical-axis rotations; Rocky Mountain foreland ID VERTICAL AXIS ROTATIONS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CONTINENTAL DEFORMATION; PLATE CONVERGENCE; CRUSTAL ROTATIONS; WRENCH TECTONICS; LARAMIDE OROGENY; SOUTHERN NEVADA; STRESS-FIELD AB Significant fold-axis-parallel slip is accommodated in the folded strata of the Grayback monocline, northeastern Front Range, Colorado, without visible large strike-slip displacement on the fold surface. In many cases, oblique-slip deformation is partitioned; fold-axis-normal slip is accommodated within folds, and fold-axis-parallel slip is resolved onto adjacent strike-slip faults. Unlike partitioning strike-parallel slip onto adjacent strike-slip faults, fold-axis-parallel slip has deformed the forelimb of the Grayback monocline. Mean compressive paleostress orientations in the forelimb are deflected 15 degrees-37 degrees clockwise from the regional paleostress orientation of the northeastern Front Range. Paleomagnetic directions from the Permian Ingleside Formation in the forelimb are rotated 16 degrees-42 degrees clockwise about a bedding-normal axis relative to the North American Permian reference direction. The paleostress and paleomagnetic rotations increase with the bedding dip angle and decrease along strike toward the fold tip. These measurements allow for 50-120 m of fold-axis-parallel slip within the forelimb, depending on the kinematics of strike-slip shear. This resolved horizontal slip is nearly equal in magnitude to the similar to 180 m vertical throw across the fold. For 200 m of oblique-slip displacement (120 m of strike slip and 180 m of reverse slip), the true shortening direction across the fold is N90 degrees E, indistinguishable from the regionally inferred direction of N90 degrees E and quite different from the S53 degrees E fold-normal direction. Recognition of this deformational style means that significant amounts of strike slip can be accommodated within folds without axis-parallel surficial faulting. C1 [Tetreault, Joya] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Jones, Craig H.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geosci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Erslev, Eric; Larson, Scott] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hudson, Mark] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Holdaway, Steven] Chevron USA Prod Co, Houston, TX 77236 USA. RP Tetreault, J (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM joya@unm.edu OI Jones, Craig/0000-0002-1698-0408 NR 59 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 120 IS 7-8 BP 877 EP 892 DI 10.1130/B26178.1 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 323DC UT WOS:000257423200005 ER PT J AU Webb, RH Griffiths, PG Rudd, LP AF Webb, Robert H. Griffiths, Peter G. Rudd, Lawrence P. TI Holocene debris flows on the Colorado Plateau: The influence of clay mineralogy and chemistry SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE debris flow; mass wasting; geomorphology; Colorado Plateau; sedimentary rock; clay mineralogy; major-cation chemistry ID GRAND-CANYON; RIVER; UTAH AB Holocene debris flows do not occur uniformly on the Colorado Plateau province of North America. Debris flows occur in specific areas of the plateau, resulting in general from the combination of steep topography, intense convective precipitation, abundant poorly sorted material not stabilized by vegetation, and the exposure of certain fine-grained bedrock units in cliffs or in colluvium beneath those cliffs. In Grand and Cataract Canyons, fine-grained bedrock that produces debris flows contains primarily single-layer clays - notably illite and kaolinite - and has low multilayer clay content. This clay-mineral suite also occurs in the colluvium that produces debris flows as well as in debris-flow deposits, although unconsolidated deposits have less illite than the source bedrock. We investigate the relation between the clay mineralogy and major-cation chemistry of fine-grained bedrock units and the occurrence of debris flows on the entire Colorado Plateau. We determined that 85 mapped fine-grained bedrock units potentially could produce debris flows, and we analyzed clay mineralogy and major-cation concentration of 52 of the most widely distributed units, particularly those exposed in steep topography. Fine-grained bedrock units that produce debris flows contained an average of 71 % kaolinite and illite and 5 % montmorillonite and have a higher concentration of potassium and magnesium than nonproducing units, which have an average of 51 % montmorillonite and a higher concentration of sodium. We used multivariate statistics to discriminate fine-grained bedrock units with the potential to produce debris flows, and we used digital-elevation models and mapped distribution of debris-flow producing units to derive a map that predicts potential occurrence of Holocene debris flows on the Colorado Plateau. C1 [Webb, Robert H.; Griffiths, Peter G.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Rudd, Lawrence P.] Nevada State Coll, Henderson, NV 89015 USA. RP Webb, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM rhwebb@usgs.gov; pggriffi@usgs.gov; Lawrence_rudd@nsc.nevada.edu NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 120 IS 7-8 BP 1010 EP 1020 DI 10.1130/B26055.1 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 323DC UT WOS:000257423200013 ER PT J AU Rusk, BG Lowers, HA Reed, MH AF Rusk, Brian G. Lowers, Heather A. Reed, Mark H. TI Trace elements in hydrothermal quartz: Relationships to cathodoluminescent textures and insights into vein formation SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE quartz; vein; cathodoluminescence; trace elements; hydrothermal; microprobe ID PORPHYRY COPPER-DEPOSIT; MONTANA; BUTTE AB High-resolution electron microprobe maps show the distribution of Ti, Al, Ca, K, and Fe among quartz growth zones revealed by scanning electron microscope-cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL) from 12 hydrothermal ore deposits formed between similar to 100 and similar to 750 degrees C. The maps clearly show the relationships between trace elements and CL intensity in quartz. Among all samples, no single trace element consistently correlates with variations in CL intensity. However in vein quartz from five porphyry-Cu (Mo-Au) deposits, CL intensity always correlates positively with Ti concentrations, suggesting that Ti is a CL activator in quartz formed at > 400 degrees C. Ti concentrations in most rutile-bearing vein quartz from porphyry copper deposits indicate reasonable formation temperatures of <750 degrees C using the TitaniQ geothermometer. Titanium concentrations of <10 ppm in all veins that formed at temperatures <350 degrees C suggest a broad correlation between Ti concentrations and temperature of quartz precipitation. In quartz from most deposits formed at <350 degrees C, bimodal Al concentrations exist wherein some growth bands contain <50 ppm and others contain >2000 ppm, but in high-temperature quartz, Al concentrations are consistently in the range of several hundred ppm. Aluminum concentrations in quartz reflect the Al solubility in hydrothermal fluids, which is strongly dependent on pH. Aluminum concentrations in quartz therefore reflect fluctuations in pH that may drive metal-sulfide precipitation in hydrothermal systems. C1 [Reed, Mark H.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Rusk, Brian G.; Lowers, Heather A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rusk, BG (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. NR 14 TC 65 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 38 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2008 VL 36 IS 7 BP 547 EP 550 DI 10.1130/G24580A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 322ZX UT WOS:000257414900009 ER PT J AU Madole, RF Romig, JH Aleinikoff, JN VanSistine, DP Yacob, EY AF Madole, Richard F. Romig, Joe H. Aleinikoff, John N. VanSistine, D. Paco Yacob, Ezra Y. TI On the origin and age of the Great Sand Dunes, Colorado SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Colorado; sand dunes; San Luis Valley; quaternary; Playa Lakes; climate change ID SOUTH-CENTRAL COLORADO; BED-LOAD TRANSPORT; NATIONAL MONUMENT; LUIS VALLEY; WIND; ENTRAINMENT; VEGETATION; PRESERVE; FIELD; PARK AB Over the past 100 yr, several hypotheses have been proposed for the origin and age of the Great Sand Dunes. These hypotheses differ widely in the descriptions of dune morphometry, the immediate source of eolian sand, and when sand transport occurred. The primary purpose of this paper is to evaluate these hypotheses and, where warranted, to present new ideas about the origin and age of the Great Sand Dunes. To evaluate the previous hypotheses, we had to develop more detailed information about the surficial geology of the northern San Luis Valley. Thus, we mapped the surficial geology of an area extending several tens of kilometers north, south, and west of the Great Sand Dunes and examined subsurface stratigraphy in more than 200 wells and borings. In addition, we used relative-dating criteria and several radiocarbon and OSL ages to establish the chronology of surficial deposits, and we determined the U-Pb ages of detrital zircons to obtain information about the sources of the sand in the Great Sand Dunes. The first principal finding of this study is that the lower part of the closed basin north of the Rio Grande, referred to here as the sump, is the immediate source of the sand in the Great Sand Dunes, rather than the late Pleistocene flood plain of the Rio Grande (the most widely accepted hypothesis). A second principal finding is that the Great Sand Dunes are older than late Pleistocene. They postdate the draining of Lake Alamosa, which began similar to 440 ka, and predate the time when streams draining the west flank of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains were deflected by incipient dunes that formed near the mountain front. Geomorphic and stratigraphic evidence indicate that this deflection occurred prior to the end of the next to last glaciation (Bull Lake), i.e., prior to similar to 130 ka. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Madole, Richard F.; VanSistine, D. Paco] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Romig, Joe H.] Ponderosa Associates, Lafayette, CO 80026 USA. [Yacob, Ezra Y.] EOG Resources, Ft Worth, TX 76102 USA. RP Madole, RF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 980, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM madole@usgs.gov NR 75 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 99 IS 1-4 BP 99 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.10.006 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 326YQ UT WOS:000257696000008 ER PT J AU Moody, JA Meade, RH AF Moody, J. A. Meade, R. H. TI Terrace aggradation during the 1978 flood on Powder River, Montana, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE terrace; aggradation; terrace evolution; coarsening-upward sequences; extreme floods ID UNITED-STATES; ALLUVIAL STRATIGRAPHY; VERTICAL ACCRETION; CLIMATE; VALLEY; MODEL; GEOMORPHOLOGY; ESTABLISHMENT; COTTONWOOD; MAGNITUDE AB Flood processes no longer actively increase the planform area of terraces. Instead, lateral erosion decreases the area. However, infrequent extreme floods continue episodic aggradation of terraces surfaces. We quantify this type of evolution of terraces by an extreme flood in May 1978 on Powder River in southeastern Montana. Within an 89-km study reach of the river, we (1) determine a sediment budget for each geomorphic feature, (2) interpret the stratigraphy of the newly deposited sediment, and (3) discuss the essential role of vegetation in the depositional processes. Peak flood discharge was about 930 in S, which lasted about eight days. During this time, the flood transported 8.2 million tons of sediment into and 4.5 million tons out of the study reach. The masses of sediment transferred between features or eroded from one feature and redeposited on the same feature exceeded the mass transported out of the reach. The flood inundated the floodplain and some of the remnants of two terraces along the river. Lateral erosion decreased the planform area of the lower of the two terraces (similar to 2.7 in above the riverbed) by 3.2% and that of the higher terrace (similar to 3.5 in above the riverbed) by 4.1%. However, overbank aggradation, on average, raised the lower terrace by 0.16 in and the higher terrace by 0.063 m. Vegetation controlled the type, thickness, and stratigraphy of the aggradation on terrace surfaces. Two characteristic overbank deposits were common: coarsening-upward sequences and lee dunes. Grass caused the deposition of the coarsening-upward sequences, which had 0.02 to 0.07 m of mud at the base, and in some cases, the deposits coarsened upwards to coarse sand on the top. Lee dunes, composed of fine and very fine sand, were deposited in the wake zone downstream from the trees. The characteristic morphology of the dunes can be used to estimate some flood variables such as suspended-sediment particle size, minimum depth, and critical shear velocity. Information about depositional processes during extreme floods is rare, and therefore, the results from this study aid in interpreting the record of terrace stratigraphy along other rivers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Moody, J. A.; Meade, R. H.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Moody, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jamoody@usgs.gov NR 72 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 99 IS 1-4 BP 387 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.12.002 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 326YQ UT WOS:000257696000029 ER PT J AU Irons, DB Anker-Nilssen, T Gaston, AJ Byrd, GV Falk, K Gilchrist, G Hario, M Hjernquist, M Krasnov, YV Mosbech, A Olsen, B Petersen, A Reid, JB Robertson, GJ Strom, H Wohl, KD AF Irons, David B. Anker-Nilssen, Tycho Gaston, Anthony J. Byrd, G. Vernon Falk, Knud Gilchrist, Grant Hario, Martti Hjernquist, Mans Krasnov, Yuri V. Mosbech, Anders Olsen, Bergur Petersen, Aevar Reid, James B. Robertson, Gregory J. Strom, Hallvard Wohl, Kenton D. TI Fluctuations in circumpolar seabird populations linked to climate oscillations SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE circumpolar Arctic; climate change; Common Murre; population change; seabirds; Thick-billed Murre; Uria aalge; Uria lomvia ID CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; LONG-TERM TRENDS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ATLANTIC; VARIABILITY; FUTURE; SHIFT; BIRD AB We found that synchronous fluctuations of two congeneric seabird species across the entire Arctic and sub-Arctic regions were associated with changes in sea surface temperatures (SST) that were linked to two climate shifts, in 1977 and again in 1989. As the SST changes linked to climate shifts were congruent at the scale of ocean basins, fluctuations of these species occurred similarly at continental or basin scale. Changes in colony sizes were examined for a decade following climate shifts. The magnitude of the SST shift was more important than its direction in determining the subsequent rate of population change. Seabirds declined when the SST shift was large and increased when the shift was small, although the effect differed between the Arctic-breeding species and the more temperate-breeding congener. The Arctic species, Thick-billed Murre (Uria lomvia) increased most rapidly when SST warmed slightly, while the temperate species, Common Murre (Uria aalge) showed most rapid increase with moderate cooling. Both showed negative trends with large temperature shifts in either direction. This pattern was replicated during both climate oscillations. Negative population trends in seabirds presumably indicate the alteration of underlying food webs. Hence, similar widespread fluctuations in response to climate shifts are likely for other ecosystem components (marine mammals, fish, and invertebrates). C1 [Irons, David B.; Wohl, Kenton D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Anker-Nilssen, Tycho] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway. [Gaston, Anthony J.; Gilchrist, Grant] Carleton Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON KIA OH3, Canada. Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Falk, Knud] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland. [Hario, Martti] Finnish Game & Fisheries Res Inst, FIN-00791 Helsinki, Finland. [Hjernquist, Mans] Sproge Snoder, SE-62020 Klintehamn, Sweden. [Krasnov, Yuri V.] MMBI RAS, Murmansk 183002, Russia. [Mosbech, Anders] NERI, Dept Arctic Environm, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Olsen, Bergur] Faroese Fisheries Lab, FO-100 Torshavn, Faroe Islands, Denmark. [Petersen, Aevar] Iceland Inst Nat Hist, IS-125 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Reid, James B.] Joint Nat Conservat Committee, Aberdeen AB10 1UZ, Scotland. [Robertson, Gregory J.] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Mt Pearl, PQ A1N 4T3, Canada. [Strom, Hallvard] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Polar Environm Ctr, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway. RP Irons, DB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM david_irons@fws.gov RI Mosbech, Anders/J-6591-2013 OI Mosbech, Anders/0000-0002-7581-7037 NR 45 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1455 EP 1463 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01581.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 309FO UT WOS:000256446300001 ER PT J AU Hunt, RJ Prudic, DE Walker, JF Anderson, MP AF Hunt, Randall J. Prudic, David E. Walker, John F. Anderson, Mary P. TI Importance of unsaturated zone flow for simulating recharge in a humid climate SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID GENERATING SURFACE RUNOFF; SUBSURFACE FLOW; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; MODEL; CALIBRATION; BALANCE; AREAS; LAKES AB Transient recharge to the water table is often not well understood or quantified. Two approaches for simulating transient recharge in a ground water flow model were investigated using the Trout Lake watershed in north-central Wisconsin: ( 1) a traditional approach of adding recharge directly to the water table and ( 2) routing the same volume of water through an unsaturated zone column to the water table. Areas with thin ( less than 1 m) unsaturated zones showed little difference in timing of recharge between the two approaches; when water was routed through the unsaturated zone, however, less recharge was delivered to the water table and more discharge occurred to the surface because recharge direction and magnitude changed when the water table rose to the land surface. Areas with a thick ( 15 to 26 m) unsaturated zone were characterized by multimonth lags between infiltration and recharge, and, in some cases, wetting fronts from precipitation events during the fall overtook and mixed with infiltration from the previous spring snowmelt. Thus, in thicker unsaturated zones, the volume of water infiltrated was properly simulated using the traditional approach, but the timing was different from simulations that included unsaturated zone flow. Routing of rejected recharge and ground water discharge at land surface to surface water features also provided a better simulation of the observed flow regime in a stream at the basin outlet. These results demonstrate that consideration of flow through the unsaturated zone may be important when simulating transient ground water flow in humid climates with shallow water tables. C1 [Hunt, Randall J.; Walker, John F.] US Geol Survey, WRD, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Prudic, David E.] US Geol Survey, WRD, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Anderson, Mary P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hunt, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WRD, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM rjhunt@usgs.gov; deprudic@usgs.gov; jfwalker@usgs.gov; andy@geology.wisc.edu NR 59 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 551 EP 560 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00427.x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 327EC UT WOS:000257711400009 PM 18266728 ER PT J AU Langevin, CD AF Langevin, Christian D. TI Modeling axisymmetric flow and transport SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID PUSH-PULL TESTS; AQUIFER TESTS; WELL; SIMULATION; MODFLOW; SYSTEMS; WATER AB Unmodified versions of common computer programs such as MODFLOW, MT3DMS, and SEAWAT that use Cartesian geometry can accurately simulate axially symmetric ground water flow and solute transport. Axisymmetric flow and transport are simulated by adjusting several input parameters to account for the increase in flow area with radial distance from the injection or extraction well. Logarithmic weighting of interblock transmissivity, a standard option in MODFLOW, can be used for axisymmetric models to represent the linear change in hydraulic conductance within a single finite-difference cell. Results from three test problems (ground water extraction, an aquifer push-pull test, and upconing of saline water into an extraction well) show good agreement with analytical solutions or with results from other numerical models designed specifically to simulate the axisymmetric geometry. Axisymmetric models are not commonly used but can offer an efficient alternative to full three-dimensional models, provided the assumption of axial symmetry can be justified. For the upconing problem, the axisymmetric model was more than 1000 times faster than an equivalent three-dimensional model. Computational gains with the axisymmetric models may be useful for quickly determining appropriate levels of grid resolution for three-dimensional models and for estimating aquifer parameters from field tests. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33312 USA. RP Langevin, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 3110 SW 9th Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33312 USA. EM langevin@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 579 EP 590 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00445.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 327EC UT WOS:000257711400012 PM 18384599 ER PT J AU Culkin, SL Singha, K Day-Lewis, FD AF Culkin, Sean L. Singha, Kamini Day-Lewis, Frederick D. TI Implications of rate-limited mass transfer for aquifer storage and recovery SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID PORE-SCALE HETEROGENEITY; POROUS-MEDIA; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; WATER; DOMAIN; DISPERSION; RECHARGE; MODELS AB Pressure to decrease reliance on surface water storage has led to increased interest in aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) systems. Recovery efficiency, which is the ratio of the volume of recovered water that meets a predefined standard to total volume of injected fluid, is a common criterion of ASR viability. Recovery efficiency can be degraded by a number of physical and geochemical processes, including rate-limited mass transfer (RLMT), which describes the exchange of solutes between mobile and immobile pore fluids. RLMT may control transport behavior that cannot be explained by advection and dispersion. We present data from a pilot-scale ASR study in Charleston, South Carolina, and develop a three-dimensional finite-difference model to evaluate the impact of RLMT processes on ASR efficiency. The modeling shows that RLMT can explain a rebound in salinity during fresh water storage in a brackish aquifer. Multicycle model results show low efficiencies over one to three ASR cycles due to RLMT degrading water quality during storage; efficiencies can evolve and improve markedly, however, over multiple cycles, even exceeding efficiencies generated by advection-dispersion only models. For an idealized ASR model where RLMT is active, our simulations show a discrete range of diffusive length scales over which the viability of ASR schemes in brackish aquifers would be hindered. C1 [Culkin, Sean L.; Singha, Kamini] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Day-Lewis, Frederick D.] US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Culkin, SL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, Deike Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sean.culkin@gmail.com; ksingha@geosc.psu.edu; daylewis@usgs.gov RI Robertson, Simon/D-1549-2012; OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 591 EP 605 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00435.x PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 327EC UT WOS:000257711400013 PM 18331329 ER PT J AU Doctor, DH Kendall, C Sebestyen, SD Shanley, JB Ote, N Boyer, EW AF Doctor, Daniel H. Kendall, Carol Sebestyen, Stephen D. Shanley, James B. Ote, Nobuhito Boyer, Elizabeth W. TI Carbon isotope fractionation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) due to outgassing of carbon dioxide from a headwater stream SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE stable isotopes; carbon dioxide; DIC; headwater stream; catchment ID AMAZONIAN RIVERS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SURFACE WATERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL; C-13; GAS; SYSTEM; BASIN; CATCHMENTS AB The stable isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (delta(13)C-DIC) was investigated as a potential tracer of streamflow generation processes at the Sleepers River Research Watershed, Vermont, USA. Downstream sampling showed delta(13)C-DIC increased between 3-5% from the stream source to the outlet weir approximately 0.5 km downstream, concomitant with increasing pH and decreasing PCO(2). An increase in delta(13)C-DIC of 2.4 +/- 0.1 parts per thousand per log unit decrease of excess PCO(2) (stream PCO(2) normalized to atmospheric PCO(2)) was observed from downstream transect data collected during snowmelt. Isotopic fractionation of DIC due to CO(2) outgassing rather than exchange with atmospheric CO, may be the primary cause of increased delta(13)C-DIC values downstream when PCO(2) of surface freshwater exceeds twice the atmospheric CO(2) concentration. Although CO(2) outgassing caused a general increase in stream delta(13)C-DIC values, points of localized groundwater seepage into the stream were identified by decreases in delta(13)C-DIC and increases in DIC concentration of the stream water superimposed upon the general downstream trend. In addition, comparison between snowmelt, early spring and summer seasons showed that DIC is flushed from shallow groundwater flowpaths during snowmelt and is replaced by a greater proportion of DIC derived from Soil CO(2) during the early spring growing season. Thus, in spite of effects from CO(2) outgassing, delta(13)C of DIC can be a useful indicator of groundwater additions to headwater streams and a tracer of carbon dynamics in catchments. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Doctor, Daniel H.; Kendall, Carol] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Sebestyen, Stephen D.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. [Ote, Nobuhito] Kyoto Univ, Div Environm Sci & Technol, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Boyer, Elizabeth W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doctor, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dhdoctor@usgs.gov RI Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013; Sebestyen, Stephen/D-1238-2013; OI Sebestyen, Stephen/0000-0002-6315-0108; Ohte, Nobuhito/0000-0003-0658-6834 NR 58 TC 78 Z9 88 U1 7 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 14 BP 2410 EP 2423 DI 10.1002/hyp.6833 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 330PD UT WOS:000257954400002 ER PT J AU Lake, BC Schmutz, JA Lindberg, MS Ely, CR Eldridge, WD Broerman, FJ AF Lake, Bryce C. Schmutz, Joel A. Lindberg, Mark S. Ely, Craig R. Eldridge, William D. Broerman, Fred J. TI Body mass of prefledging Emperor Geese Chen canagica: large-scale effects of interspecific densities and food availability SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE competition; grazing; growth; net above-ground primary productivity; Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta ID LESSER SNOW GEESE; BRANT BRANTA-BERNICLA; YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; ARCTIC SALT-MARSH; BLACK BRANT; GOOSE GOSLINGS; JUVENILE SURVIVAL; CANADA GEESE; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION; GULL PREDATION AB We studied body mass of prefledging Emperor Geese Chen canagica at three locations across the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, during 1990-2004 to investigate whether large-scale variation in body mass was related to interspecific competition for food. From 1990 to 2004, densities of Cackling Geese Branta hutchinsii minima more than doubled and were c. 2-5x greater than densities of Emperor Geese, which were relatively constant over time. Body mass of prefledging Emperor Geese was strongly related (negatively) to interspecific densities of geese (combined density of Cackling and Emperor Geese) and positively related to measures of food availability (grazing lawn extent and net above-ground primary productivity (NAPP)). Grazing by geese resulted in consumption of >= 90% of the NAPP that occurred in grazing lawns during the brood-rearing period, suggesting that density-dependent interspecific competition was from exploitation of common food resources. Efforts to increase the population size of Emperor Geese would benefit from considering competitive interactions among goose species and with forage plants. C1 [Lake, Bryce C.; Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lake, Bryce C.; Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Schmutz, Joel A.; Ely, Craig R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Eldridge, William D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Lake, Bryce C.; Broerman, Fred J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. RP Lake, BC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, 311 Irving Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM bryce_lake@fws.gov NR 74 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 EI 1474-919X J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JUL PY 2008 VL 150 IS 3 BP 527 EP 540 DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00814.x PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 327DQ UT WOS:000257710200008 ER PT J AU Taft, OW Sanzenbacher, PM Haig, SM AF Taft, Oriane W. Sanzenbacher, Peter M. Haig, Susan M. TI Movements of wintering Dunlin Calidris alpina and changing habitat availability in an agricultural wetland landscape SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE foraging; habitat preference; habitat use; home range; roosts; shorebirds ID FRANCISCO BAY ESTUARY; WESTERN SANDPIPERS; MIGRATING SHOREBIRDS; WILLAMETTE-VALLEY; SITE FIDELITY; HOME-RANGE; RESOURCES; PATTERNS; OREGON; AUTOCORRELATION AB Few studies have assessed how the dynamics of wetland bird movements relate to changing resource availability, particularly at more than one spatial scale. Within western Oregon's Williamette Valley, we examined winter resident Dunlin Calidris alpina movements in relation to a decrease in availability of preferred shorebird foraging habitat from early to late winter of 1999-2000. By tracking movements of 15 (early winter) and 12 (late winter) radiomarked individuals, we calculated home ranges and characterized presence/absence of a preference for shorebird foraging habitat during each winter period. Between periods, we compared: (1) percentage of shorebird habitat in home ranges to its availability in the landscape (regional preference), (2) percentage of radio locations in shorebird habitat to its availability within home ranges (local preference) and (3) relative use of roost sites. Concurrent with a 75% decrease in available shorebird habitat from early to late winter, average home range sizes increased by a factor of 3.8. At a regional scale, home ranges in early winter included a significantly greater percentage of shorebird foraging habitat than was available in the wider landscape. However, by late winter, the percent of shorebird habitat in home ranges did not match availability in the landscape. At the local scale, for both winter periods Dunlin were located in shorebird foraging habitat more often than expected given availability of habitat within home ranges [Correction added after online publication 23 May 2008: sentence amended]. An increase in the number of roosts used from early to late winter implies possible reliance on additional sites in late winter for foraging opportunities. Results suggest that wet, unvegetated habitat is sought by Dunlin throughout winter, but individuals could not select home ranges in late winter that fully compensated for seasonal loss of habitat. C1 [Taft, Oriane W.; Sanzenbacher, Peter M.; Haig, Susan M.] USGS Forest, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Taft, Oriane W.; Sanzenbacher, Peter M.; Haig, Susan M.] Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Taft, Oriane W.; Sanzenbacher, Peter M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Taft, OW (reprint author), USGS Forest, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM oriane_taft@msn.com NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JUL PY 2008 VL 150 IS 3 BP 541 EP 549 DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00816.x PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 327DQ UT WOS:000257710200009 ER PT J AU Reusser, DA Lee, H AF Reusser, Deborah A. Lee, Henry, II TI Predictions for an invaded world: a strategy to predict the distribution of native and non-indigenous species at multiple scales SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Marine Bioinvasions CY MAY 21-24, 2007 CL MIT, Cambridge, MA SP Natl Sea Grant Off, N Pacific Marine Sci Org, Int Council Explorat Seas HO MIT DE ecological niche modelling; geographic scale; habitat modelling; non-indigenous species; non-parametric multiplicative regression; Northeast Pacific ID HABITAT MODELS AB Habitat models can be used to predict the distributions of marine and estuarine non-indigenous species (NIS) over several spatial scales. At an estuary scale, our goal is to predict the estuaries most likely to be invaded, but at a habitat scale, the goal is to predict the specific locations within an estuary that are most vulnerable to invasion. As an initial step in evaluating several habitat models, model performance for a suite of benthic species with reasonably well-known distributions on the Pacific coast of the US needs to be compared. We discuss the utility of non-parametric multiplicative regression (NPMR) for predicting habitat-and estuary-scale distributions of native and NIS. NPMR incorporates interactions among variables, allows qualitative and categorical variables, and utilizes data on absence as well as presence. Preliminary results indicate that NPMR generally performs well at both spatial scales and that distributions of NIS are predicted as well as those of native species. For most species, latitude was the single best predictor, although similar model performance could be obtained at both spatial scales with combinations of other habitat variables. Errors of commission were more frequent at a habitat scale, with omission and commission errors approximately equal at an estuary scale. C1 [Reusser, Deborah A.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Lee, Henry, II] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Reusser, DA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 2111 NE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM dreusser@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 65 IS 5 BP 742 EP 745 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsn021 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 319BH UT WOS:000257136300006 ER PT J AU Sedinger, JS Chelgren, ND Ward, DH Lindberg, MS AF Sedinger, J. S. Chelgren, N. D. Ward, D. H. Lindberg, M. S. TI Fidelity and breeding probability related to population density and individual quality in black brent geese Branta bernicla nigricans SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breeding propensity; brent goose; dispersal; individual quality; robust design; temporary emigration ID LESSER SNOW GOOSE; ESTIMATE TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; POLLOCKS ROBUST DESIGN; LIFE-HISTORY; CLUTCH SIZE; CAERULESCENS-CAERULESCENS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; PUBLIC INFORMATION; BODY CONDITION AB 1. Patterns of temporary emigration (associated with non-breeding) are important components of variation in individual quality. Permanent emigration from the natal area has important implications for both individual fitness and local population dynamics. 2. We estimated both permanent and temporary emigration of black brent geese (Branta bernicla nigricans Lawrence) from the Tutakoke River colony, using observations of marked brent geese on breeding and wintering areas, and recoveries of ringed individuals by hunters. We used the likelihood developed by Lindberg, Kendall, Hines & Anderson 2001 (Combining band recovery data and Pollock's robust design to model temporary and permanent emigration. Biometrics, 57, 273-281) to assess hypotheses and estimate parameters. 3. Temporary emigration (the converse of breeding) varied among age classes up to age 5, and differed between individuals that bred in the previous years vs. those that did not. Consistent with the hypothesis of variation in individual quality, individuals with a higher probability of breeding in one year also had a higher probability of breeding the next year. 4. Natal fidelity of females ranged from 0.70 +/- 0.07-0.96 +/- 0.18 and averaged 0.83. In contrast to Lindberg et al. (1998), we did not detect a relationship between fidelity and local population density. Natal fidelity was negatively correlated with first-year survival, suggesting that competition among individuals of the same age for breeding territories influenced dispersal. Once females nested at the Tutakoke River, colony breeding fidelity was 1.0. 5. Our analyses show substantial variation in individual quality associated with fitness, which other analyses suggest is strongly influenced by early environment. Our analyses also suggest substantial interchange among breeding colonies of brent geese, as first shown by Lindberg et al. (1998). C1 [Sedinger, J. S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Chelgren, N. D.] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ward, D. H.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Lindberg, M. S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sedinger, JS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM jsedinger@cabnr.unr.edu NR 89 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 77 IS 4 BP 702 EP 712 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01403.x PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 310OV UT WOS:000256539800010 PM 18479339 ER PT J AU Meinertz, JR Schreier, TM Bernardy, JA AF Meinertz, Jeffery R. Schreier, Theresa M. Bernardy, Jeffry A. TI Evaluation of a method for determining concentrations of isoeugenol, an AQUI-S (TM) residue, in fillet tissue from freshwater fish species SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB AQUI-S (TM) is a fish anesthetic/sedative that is approved for use in a number of countries throughout the world and has the potential for use in the United States. The active ingredient in AQUI-S is isoeugenol. A method for determining isoeugenol concentrations in edible fillet tissue is needed for regulatory purposes, including surveillance and potential use in studies fulfilling human food safety data requirements if U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval is pursued. A method was developed and evaluated for determining isoeugenol concentrations in fillet tissue using relatively common procedures and equipment. The method produced accurate and precise results with fillet tissue from 10 freshwater fish species. The percentage of isoeugenol recovered from samples fortified with isoeugenol at nominal concentrations of 1, 50, and 100 mu g/g for all species was always > 80 and < 97%. Within-day precision for samples fortified at those same concentrations was <= 10%, and day-to-day precision was <= 4.0%. Method precision with fillet tissue containing biologically incurred isoeugenol was <= 8.1%. There were no or minimal chromatographic interferences in control fillet tissue extracts from 9 of the 10 species. The method detection limits for all but one species ranged from 0.004 to 0.014 mu g/g, and the quantitation limits ranged from 0.012 to 0.048 mu g/g. C1 [Meinertz, Jeffery R.; Schreier, Theresa M.; Bernardy, Jeffry A.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Meinertz, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jmeinertz@usgs.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 91 IS 4 BP 884 EP 891 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 335DG UT WOS:000258270400025 PM 18727549 ER PT J AU Alexander, ML Doyle, RD Power, P AF Alexander, Mara L. Doyle, R. D. Power, P. TI Suction Dredge Removal of an Invasive Macrophyte From a Spring-fed River in Central Texas, USA SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOCORYNE ARACEAE; ZIZANIA-TEXANA; TAXONOMY C1 [Alexander, Mara L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Doyle, R. D.] Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Doyle, R. D.] Baylor Univ, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Power, P.] Natl Pk Serv, Ventura, CA 93001 USA. RP Alexander, ML (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, 500 E McCarty Lane, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM Mara_Alexander@fws.gov FU The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Aquatic Nuisance Species program; San Marcos River Foundation FX The authors would like to thank M. Smart, Director, Lewisville Aquatic Ecosystem Research Facility and his staff, J. Snow and C. Owen for supplying equipment and technical assistance early in the project. We are indebted to B. Grod, V Cantu and the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department for all of their help in the river. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Aquatic Nuisance Species program and the San Marcos River Foundation helped fund this project. The views expressed in this paper are the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife. Service. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 46 BP 184 EP 185 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 364CU UT WOS:000260314600010 ER PT J AU Scott, RL Cable, WL Huxman, TE Nagler, PL Hernandez, M Goodrich, DC AF Scott, R. L. Cable, W. L. Huxman, T. E. Nagler, P. L. Hernandez, M. Goodrich, D. C. TI Multiyear riparian evapotranspiration and groundwater use for a semiarid watershed SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE eddy covariance; evapotranspiration; MODIS; remote sensing; riparian water use ID TAMARIX-RAMOSISSIMA STANDS; MODIS VEGETATION INDEXES; WOODY-PLANT ENCROACHMENT; EDDY-COVARIANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOIL-WATER; HEAT-FLUX; TEMPERATURE; ENERGY; TRANSPIRATION AB Riparian evapotranspiration (ET) is a major component of the surface and subsurface water balance for many semiarid watersheds. Measurement or model-based estimates of ET are often made on a local scale, but spatially distributed estimates are needed to determine ET over catchments. In this paper, we document the ET that was quantified over 3 years using eddy covariance for three riparian ecosystems along the Upper San Pedro River of southeastern Arizona, USA, and we use a water balance equation to determine annual groundwater use. Riparian evapotranspiration and groundwater use for the watershed were then determined by using a calibrated, empirical model that uses 16-day, 250-1000 m remotesensing products for the years of 2001-2005. The inputs for the model were derived entirely from the NASA MODIS sensor and consisted of the Enhanced Vegetation Index and land surface temperature. The scaling model was validated using subsets of the entire dataset (omitting different sites or years) and its capable performance for well-watered sites (MAD = 0.32 mm day(-1), R(2) = 0.93) gave us confidence in,using it to determine ET over the watershed. Three years of eddy covariance data for the riparian sites reveal that ET and groundwater use increased as woody plant density increased. Groundwater use was less variable at the woodland site, which had the greatest density of phreatophytes. Annual riparian groundwater use within the watershed was nearly constant over the study period despite an oil-going drought. For the San Pedro alone, the amounts determined in this paper are within the range of most recently reported values that were derived using an entirely different approach. However, because of our larger estimates for groundwater use for the main tributary of the San Pedro, the watershed totals were higher. The approach presented here call provide riparian ET and groundwater use amounts that reflect real natural variability in phreatophyte withdrawals and improve the accuracy of a watershed's water budget. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Scott, R. L.; Cable, W. L.; Hernandez, M.; Goodrich, D. C.] USDA ARS, SW Water Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Huxman, T. E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Nagler, P. L.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Scott, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Water Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM russ.scott@ars.usda.gov RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 42 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1232 EP 1246 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.01.001 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 317TU UT WOS:000257043800009 ER PT J AU Belnap, J Phillips, SL Witwicki, DL Miller, ME AF Belnap, J. Phillips, S. L. Witwicki, D. L. Miller, M. E. TI Visually assessing the level of development and soil surface stability of cyanobacterially dominated biological soil crusts SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE arid kind; desert; dryland; erosion; microbiotic soil crust ID COLORADO PLATEAU; WIND EROSION; DESERT; MICROSTRUCTURE; DISTURBANCE AB Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are an integral part of dryland ecosystems and often included in long-term ecological monitoring programs. Estimating moss and lichen cover is fairly easy and non-destructive, but documenting cyanobacterial level of development (LOD) is more difficult, It requires sample collection for laboratory analysis, which causes soil surface disturbance. Assessing soil surface stability also requires surface disturbance. Here we present a visual technique to assess cyanobacterial LOD and soil surface stability. We define six development levels of cyanobacterially dominated soils based on soil surface darkness. We sampled chlorophyll a concentrations (the most common way of assessing cyanobacterial biomass), exopolysaccharide concentrations, and soil surface aggregate stability from representative areas of each LOD class. We found that, in the laboratory and field, LOD classes were effective at predicting chlorophyll a soil concentrations (R-2 = 68-81%), exopolysaccharide concentrations (R-2 = 71%), and soil aggregate stability (R-2 = 77%). We took representative photos of these classes to construct a field guide. We then tested the ability of field crews to distinguish these classes and found this technique was highly repeatable among observers, We also discuss how to adjust this index for the different types of BSCs found in various dryland regions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Belnap, J.; Phillips, S. L.; Witwicki, D. L.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Miller, M. E.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Kanab, UT 84741 USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 S West Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM jayne_belnap@usgs.gov; sue_phillips@usgs.gov; dwitwicki@usgs.gov; mark_miller@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1257 EP 1264 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.02.019 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 317TU UT WOS:000257043800011 ER PT J AU Georgescu, M Miguez-Macho, G Steyaert, LT Weaver, CP AF Georgescu, M. Miguez-Macho, G. Steyaert, L. T. Weaver, C. P. TI Sensitivity of summer climate to anthropogenic land-cover change over the Greater Phoenix, AZ, region SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Arizona; anthropogenic impact; land-atmosphere interactions; land-use-land-cover change; precipitation; Phoenix; regional climate modeling ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOIL-MOISTURE; URBAN AREAS; PRECIPITATION; ARIZONA AB This work evaluates the first-order effect of land-use/land-cover change (LULCC) on the summer climate of one of the nation's most rapidly expanding metropolitan complexes, the Greater Phoenix, AZ, region. High-resolution-2-km grid spacing-Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) simulations of three "wet" and three "dry" summers were carried out for two different land-cover reconstructions for the region: a circa 1992 representation based on satellite observations, and a hypothetical land-cover scenario where the anthropogenic landscape of irrigated agriculture and urban pixels was replaced with current semi-natural vegetation. Model output is evaluated with respect to observed air temperature, dew point, and precipitation. Our results suggest that development of extensive irrigated agriculture adjacent to the urban area has dampened any regional-mean warming due to urbanization. Consistent with previous observationally based work, LULCC produces a systematic increase in precipitation to the north and east of the city, though only under dry conditions. This is due to a change in background atmospheric stability resulting from the advection of both warmth from the urban core and moisture from the irrigated area. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Georgescu, M.; Weaver, C. P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Ctr Environm Predict, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Miguez-Macho, G.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Nonlinear phys Grp, Galicia, Spain. [Steyaert, L. T.] US Geol Survey, Bethesda, MD 20816 USA. [Weaver, C. P.] US EPA, Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Georgescu, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Ctr Environm Predict, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM matt1@cep.rutgers.edu RI Weaver, Christopher/G-3714-2010; Garcia Bustamante, Elena/H-4188-2012; Georgescu, Matei/G-5442-2011 OI Weaver, Christopher/0000-0003-4016-5451; Garcia Bustamante, Elena/0000-0002-2677-0252; NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1358 EP 1373 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.01.004 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 317TU UT WOS:000257043800019 ER PT J AU Levine, JM McEachern, AK Cowan, C AF Levine, Jonathan M. McEachern, A. Kathryn Cowan, Clark TI Rainfall effects on rare annual plants SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE annual plant population; climate variability; germination; persistence; precipitation ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; ANNUAL VEGETATION; DESERT ANNUALS; SEED BANK; CALIFORNIA; VARIABILITY; GERMINATION AB 1. Variation in climate is predicted to increase over much of the planet this century. Forecasting species persistence with climate change thus requires understanding of how populations respond to climate variability, and the mechanisms underlying this response. Variable rainfall is well known to drive fluctuations in annual plant populations, yet the degree to which population response is driven by between-year variation in germination cueing, water limitation or competitive suppression is poorly understood. 2. We used demographic monitoring and population models to examine how three seed banking, rare annual plants of the California Channel Islands respond to natural variation in precipitation and their competitive environments. Island plants are particularly threatened by climate change because their current ranges are unlikely to overlap regions that are climatically favourable in the future. 3. Species showed 9 to 100-fold between-year variation in plant density over the 5-12 years of censusing, including a severe drought and a wet El Nino year. During the drought, population sizes were low for all species. However, even in non-drought years, population sizes and per capita growth rates showed considerable temporal variation, variation that was uncorrelated with total rainfall. These population fluctuations were instead correlated with the temperature after the first major storm event of the season, a germination cue for annual plants. 4. Temporal variation in the density of the focal species was uncorrelated with the total vegetative cover in the surrounding community, suggesting that variation in competitive environments does not strongly determine population fluctuations. At the same time, the uncorrelated responses of the focal species and their competitors to environmental variation may favour persistence via the storage effect. 5. Population growth rate analyses suggested differential endangerment of the focal annuals. Elasticity analyses and life table response experiments indicated that variation in germination has the same potential as the seeds produced per germinant to drive variation in population growth rates, but only the former was clearly related to rainfall. 6. Synthesis. Our work suggests that future changes in the timing and temperatures associated with the first major rains, acting through germination, may more strongly affect population persistence than changes in season-long rainfall. C1 [Levine, Jonathan M.; Cowan, Clark] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [McEachern, A. Kathryn] Channel Isl Field Stn, USGS, BRD, WERC, Ventura, CA 93001 USA. RP Levine, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM levine@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Levine, Jonathan/A-7167-2014 NR 45 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 8 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 96 IS 4 BP 795 EP 806 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01375.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 311YH UT WOS:000256635800025 ER PT J AU Chizinski, CJ Sharma, B Pope, KL Patino, R AF Chizinski, C. J. Sharma, B. Pope, K. L. Patino, R. TI A bioenergetic model for zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton) SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioenergetics; consumption; Danio rerio; respiration; zebra fish ID WHOLE EFFLUENT TOXICITY; SYSTEMATIC-ERROR; ENERGY BUDGET; YELLOW PERCH; FISH; ENERGETICS; PERCHLORATE; CONSUMPTION; EXPOSURE; GROWTH AB A bioenergetics model was developed from observed consumption, respiration and growth rates for zebrafish Danio rerio across a range (18-32 degrees C) of water temperatures, and evaluated with a 50 day laboratory trial at 28 degrees C. No significant bias in variable estimates was found during the validation trial; namely, predicted zebrafish mass generally agreed with observed mass. (c) 2008 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2008 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 [Chizinski, C. J.; Sharma, B.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Pope, K. L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, USGS Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Patino, R.] Texas Tech Univ, USGS Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Chizinski, CJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM chrischizinski@umn.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011; Chizinski, Christopher/G-6306-2011; OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687; Chizinski, Christopher/0000-0001-9294-2588 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 73 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01900.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 324BR UT WOS:000257493200003 ER PT J AU Bern, CR Townsend, AR AF Bern, Carleton R. Townsend, Alan R. TI Accumulation of atmospheric sulfur in some Costa Rican soils SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RATIO MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; SULFATE ADSORPTION; TROPICAL FOREST; ISOTOPE RATIOS; LA-SELVA; FRACTIONATION; CARBON; PLANTS; LOSSES AB Sulfur is one of the macronutrient elements whose sources to terrestrial ecosystems should shift from dominance by rock-weathering to atmospheric deposition as soils and underlying substrate undergo progressive weathering and leaching. However, the nature and timing of this transition is not well known. We investigated sources of sulfur to tropical rain forests growing on basalt-derived soils in the Osa Peninsula region of Costa Rica. Sulfur sources were examined using stable isotope ratios (delta(34)S) and compared to chemical indices of soil development. The most weathered soils, and the forests they supported, are dominated by atmospheric sulfur, while a less weathered soil type contains both rock-derived and atmospheric sulfur. Patterns of increasing delta(34)S with increasing soil sulfur concentration across the landscape suggest atmospheric sulfur is accumulating, and little rock-derived sulfur has been retained. Soil sulfur, minus adsorbed sulfate, is correlated with carbon and nitrogen, implying that sulfur accumulation occurs as plants and microbes incorporate sulfur into organic matter. Only the lower depth increments of the more weathered soils contained significant adsorbed sulfate. The evidence suggests a pattern of soil development in which sulfur-bearing minerals in rock, such as sulfides, weather early relative to other minerals, and the released sulfate is leached away. Sulfur added via atmospheric deposition is retained as organic matter accumulates in the soil profile. Adsorbed sulfate accumulates later, driven by changes in soil chemistry and mineralogy. These aspects of sulfur behavior during pedogenesis in this environment may hasten the transition to dominance by atmospheric sources. C1 [Bern, Carleton R.] US Geol Survey, DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Bern, Carleton R.; Townsend, Alan R.] Univ Colorado, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bern, Carleton R.; Townsend, Alan R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bern, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, DFC, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cbern@usgs.gov; alan.townsend@colorado.edu OI Bern, Carleton/0000-0002-8980-1781 NR 71 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS G3 AR G03001 DI 10.1029/2008JG000692 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 323FX UT WOS:000257432200001 ER PT J AU Wang, BG Jin, MG Nimmo, JR Yang, L Wang, WF AF Wang, Bingguo Jin, Menggui Nimmo, John R. Yang, Lei Wang, Wenfeng TI Estimating groundwater recharge in Hebei Plain, China under varying land use practices using tritium and bromide tracers SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE applied tracer; tritium; bromide; groundwater recharge; Hebei Plain ID SOIL-WATER MOVEMENT; UNSATURATED ZONE; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; VADOSE-ZONE; ARID ZONES; FIELD; INDIA; PROFILES; AQUIFERS; CHLORIDE AB Tritium and bromide were used as applied tracers to determine groundwater recharge in Hebei Plain, North China, to evaluate the impacts of different soil types, land use, irrigation, and crop cultivation practice on recharge. Additional objectives were to evaluate temporal variability of recharge and the effect on results of the particular tracer used. Thirty-nine profiles at representative locations were chosen for investigation. Average recharge rates and recharge coefficient determined by tritium and bromide tracing for different sites were 0.00-1.05 mm/d and 0.0-42.5%, respectively. The results showed relative recharge rates for the following paired influences (items within each pair are listed with the influence producing greater recharge first): flood-irrigated cropland and non-irrigated non-cultivation land, flood irrigation (0.42-0.58 mm/d) and sprinkling irrigation (0.17-0.23 mm/d), no stalk mulch (0.56-0.80 mm/d) and stalk mulch (0.440.60 mm/d), vegetable (e.g. Chinese cabbage and garlic, 0.70 mm/d) and wheat-maize (0.38 mm/d), peanut (0.51 mm/d) and peach (0.43 mm/d). The results also showed greater recharge for the first year of tracer travel than for the second. Because total precipitation and irrigation were greater in the first year than in the second, this may reflect temporal variability of recharge. The method may not be applicable where the water table is shallow (less than 3 m). A comparison of the near-ideal tritium tracer with the more common but less ideal bromide showed that bromide moved approximately 23% faster than tritiated water, perhaps because of anion exclusion. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Bingguo; Jin, Menggui; Yang, Lei; Wang, Wenfeng] China Univ Geosci, MOE, Key Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Wang, Bingguo; Jin, Menggui; Yang, Lei; Wang, Wenfeng] China Univ Geosci, Sch Environm Studies, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Nimmo, John R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Jin, MG (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, MOE, Key Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, 388 Lumolu, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. EM mgjin@cug.edu.cn NR 47 TC 60 Z9 75 U1 5 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 356 IS 1-2 BP 209 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.04.011 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 326FB UT WOS:000257642600017 ER PT J AU Lapointe, DA AF Lapointe, D. A. TI Dispersal of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera : Culicidae) in a Hawaiian rain forest SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex quinquefasciatus; mark-release-recapture; dispersal; avian malaria; Hawaiian Islands ID MARK-RELEASE-RECAPTURE; MOSQUITO AEDES-AEGYPTI; PIPIENS-FATIGANS; AVIAN MALARIA; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; PLASMODIUM-RELICTUM; WILDLIFE DISEASE; TARSALIS DIPTERA; VECTOR; CERATOPOGONIDAE AB Introduced mosquito-borne pathogens avian malaria (Plasniodium relictum Grassi and Feletti) and avian pox virus (Avipoxvirus) have been implicated in the past extinctions and declines of Hawaiian avifauna and remain significant obstacles to the recovery and restoration of endemic Hawaiian birds. Effective management of avian disease will require extensive mosquito control efforts that are guided by the local ecology of the vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). During October and November 1997 and September through November 1998 five mark-release-recapture experiments with laboratory-reared Cx. quinquefasciatus were conducted in a native rain forest on Hawaii Island. Of the overall 66,047 fluorescent dye-marked and released females, 1,192 (1.8%) were recaptured in 43-52 CO2-baited traps operated for 10-12-d trapping periods. Recaptured mosquitoes were trapped in all directions and at distances up to 3 km from the release site. The cumulative mean distance traveled (MDTs) over the trapping period ranged from a high of 1.89 km after 11d (September 1998) to a low of 0.81 km after 11d (November 1998). Released mosquitoes moved predominately in a downwind direction and they seemed to use forestry roads as dispersal corridors. Applying an estimated MDT of 1.6 km to a geographical information system-generated map of the Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge clearly demonstrated that the effective refuge area could be reduced 60% by mosquitoes infiltrating into managed refuge lands. These findings should have significant implications for the design of future refuges and development of effective mosquito-borne avian disease control strategies. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Park, HI 96718 USA. RP Lapointe, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 44,Hawaii Natl Pk, Hawaii Natl Park, HI 96718 USA. EM dennis_lapointe@usgs.gov OI LaPointe, Dennis/0000-0002-6323-263X NR 37 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 45 IS 4 BP 600 EP 609 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[600:DOCQDC]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 328AB UT WOS:000257768500003 PM 18714858 ER PT J AU Park, JM Manen, JF Colwell, AE Schneeweiss, GM AF Park, Jeong-Mi Manen, Jean-Francois Colwell, Alison E. Schneeweiss, Gerald M. TI A plastid gene phylogeny of the non-photosynthetic parasitic Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) and related genera SO JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Boschniakia; holoparasitic plants; Orobanchaceae; Orobanche; phylogeny; rps2-gene ID FLOWERING PLANTS OROBANCHE; PHELIPANCHE OROBANCHACEAE; SEQUENCES; EVOLUTION; INFERENCE; RBCL; SCROPHULARIACEAE; MODELS; GENOME; DISINTEGRATION AB The phylogenetic relationships of the non-photosynthetic Orobanche sensu lato (Orobanchaceae), which includes some of the economically most important parasitic weeds, remain insufficiently understood and controversial. This concerns both the phylogenetic relationships within the genus, in particular its monophyly or lack thereof, and the relationships to other holoparasitic genera such as Cistanche or Conopholis. Here we present the first comprehensive phylogenetic study of this group based on a region from the plastid genome (rps2 gene). Although substitution rates appear to be elevated compared to the photosynthetic members of Orobanchaceae, relationships among the major lineages Cistanche, Conopholis plus Epifagus, Boschniakia rossica (Cham. & Schltdl.) B. Fedtsch., B. himalaica Hook. f. & Thomson, B. hookeri Walp. plus B. strobilacea A. Gray, and Orobanche s. l. remain unresolved. Resolution within Orobanche, however, is much better. In agreement with morphological, cytological and other molecular phylogenetic evidence, five lineages, corresponding to the four traditionally recognised sections (Gymnocaulis, Myzorrhiza, Orobanche, Trionychon) and O. latisquama Reut. ex Boiss. (of sect. Orobanche), can be distinguished. A combined analysis of plastid rps2 and nuclear ITS sequences of the holoparasitic genera results in more resolved and better supported trees, although the relationships among Orobanche s. l., Cistanche, and the clade including the remaining genera is unresolved. Therefore, rps2 is a marker from the plastid genome that is well-suited to be used in combination with other already established nuclear markers for resolving generic relationships of Orobanche and related genera. C1 [Schneeweiss, Gerald M.] Univ Vienna, Dept Biogeog & Bot Garden, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. [Park, Jeong-Mi] Univ Vienna, Dept Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. [Manen, Jean-Francois] Conservatoire & Jardin Bot, CH-1292 Geneva, Switzerland. [Colwell, Alison E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP Schneeweiss, GM (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Dept Biogeog & Bot Garden, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. EM gerald.schneeweiss@univie.ac.at RI Schneeweiss, Gerald/B-4344-2013 OI Schneeweiss, Gerald/0000-0003-2811-3317 NR 47 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0918-9440 J9 J PLANT RES JI J. Plant Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 121 IS 4 BP 365 EP 376 DI 10.1007/s10265-008-0169-5 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 322RM UT WOS:000257393000002 PM 18483784 ER PT J AU Garcia, AM Veith, TL Kleinman, PJA Rotz, CA Saporito, LS AF Garcia, A. M. Veith, T. L. Kleinman, P. J. A. Rotz, C. A. Saporito, L. S. TI Assessing manure management strategies through small-plot research and whole-farm modeling SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE farm-scale modeling; phosphorus; scale effects; water quality ID RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; DAIRY FARMS; TILLAGE; POLLUTION; NITROGEN; LOSSES AB Plot-scale experimentation can provide valuable insight into the effects of manure management practices on phosphorus (P) runoff, but whole-farm evaluation is needed for complete assessment of potential trade offs. Artificially-applied rainfall experimentation on small field plots and event-based and long-term simulation modeling were used to compare P loss in runoff related to two dairy manure application methods (surface application with and without incorporation by tillage) on contrasting Pennsylvania soils previously under no-till management. Results of single-event rainfall experiments indicated that average dissolved reactive P losses in runoff from manured plots decreased by up to 90% with manure incorporation while total P losses did not change significantly. Longer-term whole farm simulation modeling indicated that average dissolved reactive P losses would decrease by 8% with manure incorporation while total P losses. would increase by 77% due to greater erosion from fields previously under no-till. Differences in the two methods of inference point to the need for caution in extrapolating research findings. Single-event rainfall experiments conducted shortly after manure application simulate incidental transfers of dissolved P in manure to runoff, resulting in greater losses of dissolved reactive P. However, the transfer of dissolved P in applied manure diminishes with time. Over the annual time frame simulated by whole farm modeling, erosion processes become more important to runoff P losses. Results of this study highlight the need to consider the potential for increased erosion and total P losses caused by soil disturbance during incorporation. This study emphasizes the ability of modeling to estimate management practice effectiveness at the larger scales when experimental data is not available. C1 [Garcia, A. M.] US Geol Survey, N Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC USA. [Veith, T. L.; Kleinman, P. J. A.; Rotz, C. A.; Saporito, L. S.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Wateshed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. RP Garcia, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, N Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC USA. RI Veith, Tamie/H-4911-2011 NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 63 IS 4 BP 204 EP 211 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.4.204 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 327VX UT WOS:000257757700019 ER PT J AU Hall, AJ Saito, EK AF Hall, Aron J. Saito, Emi K. TI Avian wildlife mortality events due to salmonellosis in the United States, 1985-2004 SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian disease; avian mortality; avian salmonellosis; epidemiology; salmonella; songbird fever ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; NEW-ZEALAND; BIRDS; TYPHIMURIUM; INFECTION; ENTERICA; NORWAY; HUMANS; OUTBREAK AB Infection with Salmonella spp. has long been recognized in avian wildlife, although its significance in causing avian mortality, and its zoonotic risk, is not well understood. This study evaluates the role of Salmonella spp. in wild bird mortality events in the United States from 1985 through 2004. Analyses were performed to calculate the frequency of these events and the proportional mortality by species, year, month, state, and region. Salmonellosis was a significant contributor to mortality in many species of birds; particularly in passeriness, for which 21.5% of all mortality events involved salmonellosis. The proportional mortality averaged a 12% annual increase over the 20-yr period, with seasonal peaks in January and April. Increased salmonellosis-related mortlaity in New England, Southeastern, and Mountain-Prairie states was identified. Based on the results of this study, salmonellosis can be considered an important zoonotic disease of wild brids. C1 [Hall, Aron J.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Saito, Emi K.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Saito, EK (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, VS, Ctr Epidemiol, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM emi.k.saito@aphis.usda.gov NR 22 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 21 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 585 EP 593 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 340TT UT WOS:000258668600005 PM 18689643 ER PT J AU Hill, DE Samuel, MD Nolden, CA Sundar, N Zarlenga, DS Dubey, JP AF Hill, D. E. Samuel, M. D. Nolden, C. A. Sundar, N. Zarlenga, D. S. Dubey, J. P. TI Trichinella murrelli in scavenging mammals from south-central Wisconsin, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; carnivores; Mephitis mephitis; Procyon lotor; Trichinella; Wisconsin ID ARTIFICIAL DIGESTION; SYLVATIC TRICHINOSIS; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; GENUS TRICHINELLA; INFECTION; HOST; PIGS; SYSTEMATICS; SPP.; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Tissues and serum from 59 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 42 coyotes (Canis latrans), and seven Striped Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) collected in Dane and Iowa Counties, Wisconsin, USA, between October 2005 and March 2006 were microscopically and serologically examined for the presence of Trichinella spp. Encapsulated larvae were found on compression slides prepared from tongue tissues from a few animals. Complete tissue digestion of tongues revealed that 19% of the raccoons, 26% of the coyotes, and none of the seven skunks tested were infected with Trichinella spp. Cats were subsequently experimentally infected by feeding them the raccoon tissues containing muscle larvae, and muscle larvae isolated from the collected tongues were experimentally transmitted to mice. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction analysis of the isolated muscle larvae demonstrated two distinct bands migrating at 127 base pairs (bp) and 316 bp in all samples, which together are diagnostic for Trichinella murrelli; the isolated were assigned Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS) codes ISS1656 through ISS1667, and ISS1708 through ISS1710 by the International Trichinella Reference Centre. These findings extend the geographic range of T. murrelli into Wisconsin, USA. C1 [Hill, D. E.; Sundar, N.; Dubey, J. P.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Samuel, M. D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Nolden, C. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zarlenga, D. S.] BARC E, Bovine Funct & Genom Lab, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Hill, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dhill@anri.barc.usda.gov FU US Geological Survey; Wisconsin Trappers Association; Wisconsin Departement of Natural Resources; Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostics Laboratory FX The authors wish to thank J. McCrary, S. Benedetto, and V. Fournet for their assistanec in the laboratory, and A. Powers, S. Wright, J. Blanchong, and Y. Negari for their assistance with animal dissection. Funding for collection and dissection of animals was provided by the US Geological Survey. Additional support was provided by the Wisconsin Trappers Association, the Wisconsin Departement of Natural Resources, and the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostics Laboratory. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 629 EP 635 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 340TT UT WOS:000258668600010 PM 18689648 ER PT J AU Thiagarajan, B Bai, Y Gage, KL Cully, JF AF Thiagarajan, Bala Bai, Ying Gage, Kenneth L. Cully, Jack F., Jr. TI Prevalence of yersinia pestis in rodents and fleas associated with black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) at Thunder Basin National Grassland, Wyoming SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Cynomys ludovicianus; fleas; Oropsylla hirsute; plague; prevalence; rodents; Yerinia pestis ID ONYCHOMYS-LEUCOGASTER; PLAGUE; SIPHONAPTERA; CERATOPHYLLIDAE; COLONIES; MAMMALS; COMPLEX AB Rodents (and their fleas) that are associated with prairie dogs are considered important for the maintenance and trasmission of the bacterium (Yersinia pestis) that causes plague. Our goal was to identify rodent and flea species that were potentially involved in a plague epizootic in black-tailed prairie dogs at Thunder Basin National Grassland. We collected blood samples and ectoparasites from rodents trapped at off- and on-colony grids at Thunder Basin National Grassland between 2002 and 2004. Blood samples were tested for antibodies to Y. pestis F-1 antigen by a passive hemagglutination assay, and fleas were tested by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction, for the presense of the plague bacterium. Only one of 1,421 fleas, an Oropsylla hirsuta collected in 2002 from a deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, tested positive for Y. pestis. Blood samples collected in summer 2004 from two northern grasshopper mice, Onychomys leucogaster, tested positive for Y. pestis antibodies. All three positive samples were collected from on-colony grids shortly after a plague epizootic occurred. This study confirms that plauge is difficult to detect in rodents and fleas associated with prairie dog colonies, unless samples are collected immediately after a prairie dog die-off. C1 [Thiagarajan, Bala] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bai, Ying; Gage, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Cully, Jack F., Jr.] Kansas State Univ, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Thiagarajan, B (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, 232 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM bala.kstate@gmail.com NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 731 EP 736 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 340TT UT WOS:000258668600025 PM 18689663 ER PT J AU Parker, ID Watts, DE Lopez, RR Silvy, NJ Davis, DS McCleery, RA Frank, PA AF Parker, Israel D. Watts, Dominique E. Lopez, Roel R. Silvy, Nova J. Davis, Donald S. McCleery, Robert A. Frank, Philip A. TI Evaluation of the efficacy of Florida key deer translocations SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE dispersal; Florida Key deer; Odocoileus virginianus clavium; ranges; telemetry; translocations ID ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS-CLAVIUM; WHITE-TAILED DEER; POPULATION-DENSITY; HOME-RANGE; SURVIVAL; MOVEMENTS; MORTALITY; TELEMETRY; DYNAMICS C1 [Parker, Israel D.; Watts, Dominique E.; Lopez, Roel R.; Silvy, Nova J.; McCleery, Robert A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Davis, Donald S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Frank, Philip A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Key Deer Refuge, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA. RP Parker, ID (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM iparker@tamu.edu OI McCleery, Robert/0000-0001-7018-005X NR 43 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1069 EP 1075 DI 10.2193/2007-025 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 323NV UT WOS:000257454100003 ER PT J AU Harris, NC Kauffman, MJ Mills, LS AF Harris, Nyeema C. Kauffman, Matthew J. Mills, L. Scott TI Inferences about ungulate population dynamics derived from age ratios SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE age ratios; Cervus elaphus; elk; indices; life-stage simulation analysis; monitoring; population growth rate; recruitment; sensitivity analysis; survival; ungulate ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; HERD COMPOSITION COUNTS; NORTH-AMERICAN ELK; MULE DEER; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; TEMPORAL VARIATION; LARGE HERBIVORES; VISIBILITY BIAS; CERVUS-ELAPHUS; CALF MORTALITY AB Age ratios (e.g., calf:cow for elk and fawn:doe for deer) are used regularly to monitor ungulate populations. However, it remains unclear what inferences are appropriate from this index because multiple vital rate changes can influence the observed ratio. We used modeling based on elk (Cervus elaphus) life-history to evaluate both how age ratios are influenced by stage-specific fecundity and survival and how well age ratios track population dynamics. Although all vital rates have the potential to influence calf:adult female ratios (i.e., calf:cow ratios), calf survival explained the vast majority of variation in calf:adult female ratios due to its temporal variation compared to other vital rates. Calf:adult female ratios were positively correlated with population growth rate (k) and often successfully indicated population trajectories. However, calf:adult female ratios performed poorly at detecting imposed declines in calf survival, suggesting that only the most severe declines would be rapidly detected. Our analyses clarify that managers can use accurate, unbiased age ratios to monitor arguably the most important components contributing to sustainable ungulate populations, survival rate of young and X. However, age ratios are not useful for detecting gradual declines in survival of young or making inferences about fecundity or adult survival in ungulate populations. Therefore, age ratios coupled with independent estimates of population growth or population size are necessary to monitor ungulate population demography and dynamics closely through time. C1 [Harris, Nyeema C.; Mills, L. Scott] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Kauffman, Matthew J.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Harris, NC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ncharris@ncsu.edu RI Mills, L. Scott/K-2458-2012 OI Mills, L. Scott/0000-0001-8771-509X NR 52 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 43 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1143 EP 1151 DI 10.2193/2007-277 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 323NV UT WOS:000257454100012 ER PT J AU Faulhaber, CA Silvy, NJ Lopez, RR Lafever, DH Frank, PA Peterson, MJ AF Faulhaber, Craig A. Silvy, Nova J. Lopez, Roel R. Lafever, David H. Frank, Philip A. Peterson, Markus J. TI Diurnal habitat use by Lower Keys marsh rabbits SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Florida Keys; forms; habitat use; lagomorphs; Lower Keys marsh rabbit; macrohabitat; microhabitat; Sylvilagus palustris hefneri ID SWAMP RABBITS; HOME-RANGE; MANAGEMENT; SIZE AB We used radiotelemetry to locate daytime forms of endangered Lower Keys marsh rabbits (LKMRs; Sylvilagus palustris hefneri) throughout their range so we could determine habitat characteristics of diurnal cover. We typically found forms (n = 1,298) of 36 rabbits in brackish wetlands in patches of saltmarsh or buttonwoods. In freshwater wetlands, forms (n = 54) were located most often in patches of freshwater hardwoods embedded in or adjacent to freshwater marshes. Forms (n = 942) in brackish wetlands were characterized by thick groundcover (> 75%), whereas those (n = 42) in freshwater wetlands had both thick groundcover and canopy vegetation. The mean minimum convex polygon around forms of 15 rabbits was 1.4 ha (SD = 1.7), with smaller ranges characterized by thick bunchgrasses or clump-forming sedges. To increase the amount of annual space usable by LKMRs, managers should provide more saltmarsh habitat interspersed with buttonwoods and enhance ground cover in existing habitat. C1 [Faulhaber, Craig A.; Silvy, Nova J.; Lopez, Roel R.; Lafever, David H.; Peterson, Markus J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Frank, Philip A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Florida Keys Wildlife Refuges, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA. RP Faulhaber, CA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM mpeterson@tamu.edu RI Peterson, Markus/C-3303-2008 OI Peterson, Markus/0000-0001-6145-0134 NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1161 EP 1167 DI 10.2193/2006-028 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 323NV UT WOS:000257454100015 ER PT J AU Grant, EHC AF Grant, Evan H. Campbell TI Visual implant elastomer mark retention through metamorphosis in amphibian larvae SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE marking error; mark retention; multistate model; observer error; salamander larvae; tadpole; visual implant elastomer ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; ANIMALS; ERRORS; RATES AB Questions in population ecology require the study of marked animals, and marks are assumed to be permanent and not overlooked by observers. I evaluated retention through metamorphosis of visual implant elastomer marks in larval salamanders and frogs and assessed error in observer identification of these marks. I found 1) individual marks were not retained in larval wood frogs (Rana sylvatica), whereas only small marks were likely to be retained in larval salamanders (Eurycea bislineata), and 2) observers did not always correctly identify marked animals. Evaluating the assumptions of marking protocols is important in the design phase of a study so that correct inference can be made about the population processes of interest. This guidance should be generally useful to the design of mark-recapture studies, with particular application to studies of larval amphibians. C1 [Grant, Evan H. Campbell] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Grant, Evan H. Campbell] Univ Maryland, Marine Program, Estuarine & Environm Sci Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Grant, Evan H. Campbell] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Grant, EHC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM ehgrant@usgs.gov RI Grant, Evan/N-5160-2014 OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496 NR 19 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1247 EP 1252 DI 10.2193/2007-183 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 323NV UT WOS:000257454100027 ER PT J AU Hecht, A Parkin, MJ AF Hecht, Anne Parkin, Mary J. TI Integrating research and management SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Letter C1 [Hecht, Anne; Parkin, Mary J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. RP Hecht, A (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 73 Weir Hill Rd, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. EM anne_hecht@fws.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1279 EP 1280 DI 10.2193/2007-543 PG 2 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 323NV UT WOS:000257454100032 ER PT J AU Enders, SK Pagani, M Pantoja, S Baron, JS Wolfe, AP Pedentchouk, N Nunez, L AF Enders, Sara K. Pagani, Mark Pantoja, Silvio Baron, Jill S. Wolfe, Alexander P. Pedentchouk, Nikolai Nunez, Lilian TI Compound-specific stable isotopes of organic compounds from lake sediments track recent environmental changes in an alpine ecosystem, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN DEPOSITION; FRONT RANGE; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; RATIOS; CARBON; USA; RECORD; LIPIDS; FRACTIONATION AB Compound-specific nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen isotope records from sediments of Sky Pond, an alpine lake in Rocky Mountain National Park (Colorado, United States of America), were used to evaluate factors contributing to changes in diatom assemblages and bulk organic nitrogen isotope records identified in lake sediments across Colorado, Wyoming, and southern Montana. Nitrogen isotopic records of purified algal chlorins indicate a substantial shift in nitrogen cycling in the region over the past similar to 60 yr. Temporal changes in the growth characteristics of algae, captured in carbon isotope records in and around Sky Pond, as well as a -60% excursion in the hydrogen isotope composition of algal-derived palmitic acid, are coincident with changes in nitrogen cycling. The confluence of these trends is attributed to an increase in biologically available nitrogenous compounds caused by an expansion of anthropogenic influences and temporal changes in catchment hydrology and nutrient delivery associated with meltwater dynamics. C1 [Enders, Sara K.; Pagani, Mark; Pedentchouk, Nikolai] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Pantoja, Silvio; Nunez, Lilian] Univ Concepcion, Dept Oceanog, Concepcion, Chile. [Pantoja, Silvio; Nunez, Lilian] Univ Concepcion, Ctr Oceanog Res Eastern S Pacific, Concepcion, Chile. [Baron, Jill S.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wolfe, Alexander P.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. RP Enders, SK (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, POB 208109, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM sara.enders@aya.yale.edu RI Pagani, Mark/B-3233-2008; Pedentchouk, Nikolai/C-9935-2011; Wolfe, Alexander/G-6867-2011; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016; OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251; Pedentchouk, Nikolai/0000-0002-2923-966X NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1468 EP 1478 DI 10.4319/lo.2008.53.4.1468 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 328BY UT WOS:000257773700024 ER PT J AU Papoulias, DM Richter, CA Whyte, JJ Talykina, M Tillitt, DE AF Papoulias, Diana M. Richter, Catherine A. Whyte, Jefferey J. Talykina, Mila Tillitt, Donald E. TI Atrazine affects egg production and spermatogenesis in medaka SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Papoulias, Diana M.; Richter, Catherine A.; Whyte, Jefferey J.; Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Talykina, Mila] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol Inland Waters, Yaroslavl, Russia. EM dpapoulias@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 1 BP 51 EP 51 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 325FX UT WOS:000257575400058 ER PT J AU Tillitt, DE Papoulias, DM Whyte, JJ Richter, CA AF Tillitt, Donald E. Papoulias, Diana M. Whyte, Jeffery J. Richter, Catherine A. TI Atrazine reduces reproduction in fathead minnow SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tillitt, Donald E.; Papoulias, Diana M.; Whyte, Jeffery J.; Richter, Catherine A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. EM dtillitt@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 1 BP 51 EP 51 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 325FX UT WOS:000257575400059 ER PT J AU Richter, CA Papoulias, DM Whyte, JJ Villeneuve, DL Ankley, GT Tillitt, DE AF Richter, Catherine A. Papoulias, Diana M. Whyte, Jeffrey J. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Ankley, Gerald T. Tillitt, Donald E. TI Mechanisms of atrazine-induced reproductive impairment in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Richter, Catherine A.; Papoulias, Diana M.; Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Whyte, Jeffrey J.] Univ Missouri Columbia, Dept Biomed Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. EM CRichter@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 1 BP 176 EP 176 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 325FX UT WOS:000257575400202 ER PT J AU Kimura, M Grossman, JN Weisberg, MK AF Kimura, M. Grossman, J. N. Weisberg, M. K. TI Fe-Ni metal in primitive chondrites: Indicators of classification and metamorphic conditions for ordinary and CO chondrites SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UNEQUILIBRATED ORDINARY CHONDRITES; CH CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; HAMMADAH AL HAMRA-237; IRON-NICKEL METAL; THERMAL HISTORIES; REHEATED CHONDRITES; LL3.0-6 CHONDRITES; AQUEOUS ALTERATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ORGANIC-MATTER AB We report the results of our petrological and mineralogical study of Fe-Ni metal in type 3 ordinary and CO chondrites, and the ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite Acfer 094. Fe-Ni metal in ordinary and CO chondrites occurs in chondrule interiors, on chondrule surfaces, and as isolated grains in the matrix. Isolated Ni-rich metal in chondrites of petrologic type lower than type 3.10 is enriched in Co relative to the kamacite in chondrules. However, Ni-rich metal in type 3.15-3.9 chondrites always contains less Co than does kamacite. Fe-Ni metal grains in chondrules in Semarkona typically show plessitic intergrowths consisting of submicrometer kamacite and Ni-rich regions. Metal in other type 3 chondrites is composed of fine- to coarse-grained aggregates of kamacite and Ni-rich metal, resulting from metamorphism in the parent body. We found that the number density of Ni-rich grains in metal (number of Ni-rich grains per unit area of metal) in chondrules systematically decreases with increasing petrologic type. Thus, Fe-Ni metal is a highly sensitive recorder of metamorphism in ordinary and carbonaceous chondrites, and can be used to distinguish petrologic type and identify the least thermally metamorphosed chondrites. Among the known ordinary and CO chondrites, Semarkona is the most primitive. The range of metamorphic temperatures were similar for type 3 ordinary and CO chondrites, despite them having different parent bodies. Most Fe-Ni metal in Acfer 094 is martensite, and it preserves primary features. The degree of metamorphism is lower in Acfer 094, a true type 3.00 chondrite, than in Semarkona, which should be reclassified as type 3.01. C1 [Kimura, M.] Ibaraki Univ, Fac Sci, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. [Grossman, J. N.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Weisberg, M. K.] CUNY, Kingsborough Coll, Dept Phys Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. [Weisberg, M. K.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Kimura, M (reprint author), Ibaraki Univ, Fac Sci, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. EM makotoki@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp FU Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan [16540435, 19540500]; NASA Cosmochemistry [NNH05AB651, NNG06GG44G] FX We thank H. Kojima of the Japanese National Institute of Polar Research, D. Ebel and J. Bosenberg of American Museum of Natural History, Y. Lin of Chinese Academy of Science, and T. E. Bunch of Northern Arizona University for sample allocation. We appreciate the thorough reviews by A. E. Rubin and A. J. Campbell. The comments of the associate editor, E. R. D. Scott, were also very helpful in revising the manuscript. This work was supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan (no. 16540435 and 19540500, M. Kimura) and NASA Cosmochemistry Grants (NNH05AB651, J. N. Grossman, PI; NNG06GG44G, M. K. Weisberg, PI). NR 76 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1161 EP 1177 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 374ZV UT WOS:000261083100006 ER PT J AU Choi, BG Itoh, S Yurimoto, H Rubin, AE Wasson, JT Grossman, JN AF Choi, B. -G. Itoh, S. Yurimoto, H. Rubin, A. E. Wasson, J. T. Grossman, J. N. TI Oxygen-isotopic composition of magnetite in the DOM 03238 CO3.1 chondrite SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Workshop on Antarctic Meteorites - Search, Recovery, and Classification CY JUL 26-27, 2008 CL Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Matsue, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Polor Res, SOKENDAI, Graduate Univ Adv Studies, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Shimane Prefecture HO Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr ID CV CHONDRITES; OLIVINE C1 [Choi, B. -G.] SNU, Dept Earth Sci Edu, Seoul 151748, South Korea. [Itoh, S.; Yurimoto, H.] Hokkaido Univ, Dept Nat Hist Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Rubin, A. E.; Wasson, J. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, IGPP, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Grossman, J. N.] USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM bchoi@snu.ac.kr NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 SU S BP A32 EP A32 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 326TZ UT WOS:000257683100042 ER PT J AU Grossman, JN Kimura, M AF Grossman, J. N. Kimura, M. TI Classification of the least-metamorphosed ordinary chondrites SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Workshop on Antarctic Meteorites - Search, Recovery, and Classification CY JUL 26-27, 2008 CL Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Matsue, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Polor Res, SOKENDAI, Graduate Univ Adv Studies, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Shimane Prefecture HO Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr C1 [Grossman, J. N.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kimura, M.] Ibaraki Univ, Fac Sci, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. EM jgrossman@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 SU S BP A182 EP A182 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 326TZ UT WOS:000257683100341 ER PT J AU Grossman, JN AF Grossman, J. N. TI Measuring the metamorphic history of unequilibrated chondrites using single olivine grains SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Workshop on Antarctic Meteorites - Search, Recovery, and Classification CY JUL 26-27, 2008 CL Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Matsue, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Polor Res, SOKENDAI, Graduate Univ Adv Studies, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Shimane Prefecture HO Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr C1 [Grossman, J. N.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jgrossman@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 SU S BP A51 EP A51 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 326TZ UT WOS:000257683100079 ER PT J AU Kimura, M Grossman, JN Weisberg, MK AF Kimura, M. Grossman, J. N. Weisberg, M. K. TI Thermal history and classification of CM chondrites from Fe-Ni metal: A preliminary report SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Workshop on Antarctic Meteorites - Search, Recovery, and Classification CY JUL 26-27, 2008 CL Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Matsue, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Polor Res, SOKENDAI, Graduate Univ Adv Studies, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Shimane Prefecture HO Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr C1 [Kimura, M.] Ibaraki Univ, Ibaraki, Japan. [Grossman, J. N.] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20242 USA. [Weisberg, M. K.] CUNY, Kingsborough Coll, New York, NY USA. [Weisberg, M. K.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. EM makotoki@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 SU S BP A184 EP A184 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 326TZ UT WOS:000257683100344 ER PT J AU Sloss, BL Franckowiak, RP Murphy, EL AF Sloss, Brian L. Franckowiak, Ryan P. Murphy, Edward L. TI Development of new microsatellite loci and multiplex reactions for muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE broodstock; development; hatchery; microsatellites; muskellunge; strain AB The muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) is a valued fisheries species throughout its native range. Numerous studies have documented performance and phenotypic differences among muskellunge populations, but genetic markers for assessment have been lacking. We characterized 14 microsatellite loci and developed five multiplex polymerase chain reactions. Successful amplification of northern pike (Esox lucius) was observed for seven loci. These microsatellites will be useful for analysing population structure, performance characteristics of propagated strains, and helping to develop and monitor hatchery management guidelines for muskellunge. C1 [Sloss, Brian L.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Murphy, Edward L.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Sloss, BL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, 800 Reserve St, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM brian.sloss@uwsp.edu NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 811 EP 813 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2007.02075.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 324IF UT WOS:000257511600021 PM 21585899 ER PT J AU Diggs, MD Ardren, WR AF Diggs, Matthew D. Ardren, William R. TI Characterization of 12 highly variable tetranucleotide microsatellite loci for Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) and cross amplification in other Thymallus species SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Arctic grayling; DNA; microsatellites; Thymallus ID PHYLOGEOGRAPHICAL LINEAGES AB We describe the isolation and development of 12 polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite loci for Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus). In a sample of 46 fish, we observed between three and 20 alleles per locus. All 12 of these loci were also polymorphic in at least one of the following Thymallus species and subspecies: T. burejensis, T. amurensis, T. thymallus, T. brevirostris, T. grubii, T. arcticus baicalensis and T. arcticus pallasi. These loci will aid in our understanding of the population genetics, behaviour and conservation of grayling species throughout the northern hemisphere. C1 [Diggs, Matthew D.; Ardren, William R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Program, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Diggs, MD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Program, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM matthew_diggs@fws.gov NR 6 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 828 EP 830 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2007.02081.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 324IF UT WOS:000257511600026 PM 21585904 ER PT J AU Dutton, DJ Roberts, JH Angermeier, PL Hallerman, EM AF Dutton, Daniel J. Roberts, James H. Angermeier, Paul L. Hallerman, Eric M. TI Microsatellite markers for the endangered Roanoke logperch, Percina rex (Percidae) and their potential utility for other darter species SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE cross-species amplification; darter; endangered species; fish; Percina; population genetics AB The Roanoke logperch Percina rex Jordan and Evermann), an endangered fish, occurs in only six watersheds in the Roanoke and Chowan river drainages of Virginia, USA. The species' population genetic structure is poorly known. We developed 16 microsatellite markers that were reliably scorable and polymorphic P. rex. Markers were also screened in seven other darter species of the genus Percina. Most markers exhibited successful amplification and polymorphism in several species. These markers may therefore prove useful for population genetic studies in other darters, a diverse but highly imperiled group. C1 [Dutton, Daniel J.; Roberts, James H.; Hallerman, Eric M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Angermeier, Paul L.] US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Roberts, JH (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM darter@vt.edu NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 831 EP 834 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2007.02082.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 324IF UT WOS:000257511600027 PM 21585905 ER PT J AU Friedel, MJ AF Friedel, Michael J. TI Regularized joint inverse estimation of extreme rainfall amounts in ungauged coastal basins of El Salvador SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE El Salvador; Monte Carlo; nonuniqueness; prediction; prior information; extreme rainfall; regionalization; return periods; recurrence intervals; regularization; uncertainty; ungauged ID VADOSE ZONE; CALIBRATION; UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTION; MODEL; HYDROLOGY; INFERENCE AB A regularized joint inverse procedure is presented and used to estimate the magnitude of extreme rainfall events in ungauged coastal river basins of El Salvador: Paz, Jiboa, Grande de San Miguel, and Goascoran. Since streamflow measurements reflect temporal and spatial rainfall information, peak-flow discharge is hypothesized to represent a similarity measure suitable for regionalization. To test this hypothesis, peak-flow discharge values determined from streamflow recurrence information (10-year, 25-year, and 100-year) collected outside the study basins are used to develop regional (country-wide) regression equations. Peak-flow discharge derived from these equations together with preferred spatial parameter relations as soft prior information are used to constrain the simultaneous calibration of 20 tributary basin models. The nonlinear range of uncertainty in estimated parameter values (1 curve number and 3 recurrent rainfall amounts for each model) is determined using an inverse calibration-constrained Monte Carlo approach. Cumulative probability distributions for rainfall amounts indicate differences among basins for a given return period and an increase in magnitude and range among basins with increasing return interval. Comparison of the estimated median rainfall amounts for all return periods were reasonable but larger (3.2-26%) than rainfall estimates computed using the frequency-duration (traditional) approach and individual rain gauge data. The observed 25-year recurrence rainfall amount at La Hachadura in the Paz River basin during Hurricane Mitch (1998) is similar in value to, but outside and slightly less than, the estimated rainfall confidence limits. The similarity in joint inverse and traditionally computed rainfall events, however, suggests that the rainfall observation may likely be due to under-catch and not model bias. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Crustal Imaging & Characterizat Team, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Friedel, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Crustal Imaging & Characterizat Team, MS 964,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mfriedel@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JUL PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 15 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s11069-007-9179-1 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 304DX UT WOS:000256091300002 ER PT J AU Izuka, SK Resig, JM AF Izuka, Scot K. Resig, Johanna M. TI Evidence of late Pliocene-early Pleistocene marine environments in the deep subsurface of the Lihue Basin, Kauai, Hawaii SO PALAIOS LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEFS; DROWNED REEFS; ISLANDS; SUBSIDENCE; EVOLUTION; AGE; FORAMINIFERA AB Cuttings recovered from two deep exploratory wells in the Lihue Basin, Kauai, Hawaii, include fossiliferous marine deposits that offer an uncommon opportunity to study paleoenvironments from the deep subsurface in Hawaii and interpret the paleogeography and geologic history of Kauai. These deposits indicate that two marine incursions gave rise to protected shallow-water, low-energy embayments in the southern part of the Lihue Basin in the late Pliocene-early Pleistocene. During the first marine incursion, the embayment was initially zoned, with a variable-salinity environment nearshore and a normal-marine reef environment offshore. The offshore reef environment eventually evolved to a nearshore, variable-salinity environment as the outer part of the embayment shallowed. During the second marine incursion, the embayment had normal-marine to hypersaline conditions, which constitute a significant departure from the variable-salinity environment present during the first marine incursion. Large streams draining the southern Lihue Basin are a likely source of the freshwater that caused the salinity fluctuations evident in the fossils from the first marine incursion. Subsequent volcanic eruptions produced lava flows that buried the embayment and probably diverted much of the stream flow in the southern Lihue Basin northward, to its present point of discharge north of Kalepa Ridge. As a result, the embayment that formed during the second marine incursion received less freshwater, and a normal-marine to hypersaline environment developed. The shallow-water marine deposits, currently buried between 86 m and 185 m below present sea level, have implications for regional tectonics and global eustasy. C1 [Izuka, Scot K.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Islands Water Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Resig, Johanna M.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Izuka, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Islands Water Sci Ctr, 677 Ala Moana Blvd,Suite 415, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM skizuka@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 0883-1351 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 7-8 BP 442 EP 451 DI 10.2110/palo.2007.p07-042r PG 10 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 337FG UT WOS:000258420300003 ER PT J AU Kimbirauskas, RK Merritt, RW Wipfli, MS Hennon, P AF Kimbirauskas, R. K. Merritt, R. W. Wipfli, M. S. Hennon, P. TI Headwater macroinvertebrate community response to riparian red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) in southeast Alaska SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID OREGON COAST RANGE; LEAF-LITTER; TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; STREAM INVERTEBRATES; FOREST SUCCESSION; AQUATIC INSECTS; WOODY DEBRIS; DETRITUS; BIOMASS; BREAKDOWN C1 [Kimbirauskas, R. K.; Merritt, R. W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wipfli, M. S.] Univ Alaska, Inst Artic Biol, USGS Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hennon, P.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Kimbirauskas, RK (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, 243 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. FU USFS; USDA; Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We would like to thank Ken Cummins, Eric Benbow, John Wallace, Osvaldo Hernandez, Christian LeSage, Mollie McIntosh, Frank Rinkevich, Todd White, and Lauren Wright for their assistance, and the USFS, USDA, and the Pacific Northwest Research Station for financial and technical support. NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY SCIENCES, 875 HOWARD STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-3009 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 84 IS 3 BP 220 EP 237 DI 10.3956/2008-06.1 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 408AL UT WOS:000263405300006 ER PT J AU Dutra, D Johnson, TR Kauth, PJ Stewart, SL Kane, ME Richardson, L AF Dutra, Daniela Johnson, Timothy R. Kauth, Philip J. Stewart, Scott L. Kane, Michael E. Richardson, Larry TI Asymbiotic seed germination, in vitro seedling development, and greenhouse acclimatization of the threatened terrestrial orchid Bletia purpurea SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE orchid; seed germination; native; conservation; pine pink ID NORTH-AMERICAN ORCHIDS; DACTYLORHIZA-FUCHSII; CLAY SOIL; MACROCERATITIS; PLATANTHERA; PROTOCORM; NITROGEN; CULTURE; FLORIDA; MORIO AB Procedures for asymbiotic seed germination and seedling acclimatization were developed for Bletia purpurea, a threatened North America native terrestrial orchid. Six asymbiotic orchid seed germination media (Knudson C, PhytoTechnology Orchid Seed Sowing Medium, Malmgren Modified Terrestrial Orchid Medium, Vacin & Went Modified Orchid Medium, 1/2-strengh Murashige & Skoog, and BM-1 Terrestrial Orchid Medium) were examined for their effectiveness in promoting seed germination and protocorm development of B. purpurea in either a 0/24 h or 16/8 h L/D photoperiod. Germination occurred regardless of medium or photoperiod treatment. However, advanced seedling development (Stage 6) only occurred on Vacin & Went Modified Orchid Medium in the 16/8 h L/D photoperiod. Further effects of photoperiod on in vitro seedling development were also examined. Shoot length, leaf width, root number and length, and fresh weight and dry weight in the 16/8 h L/D photoperiod were all significantly different when compared to the 8/16 h and 12/12 L/D photoperiods. In vitro seedlings were readily acclimatized to greenhouse conditions. Seedlings showed high survival all potting media. Seedlings acclimatized in Fafard Mix 4 potting medium developed significantly longer roots. Corm formation occurred regardless of potting media used. C1 [Dutra, Daniela; Johnson, Timothy R.; Kauth, Philip J.; Kane, Michael E.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Stewart, Scott L.] Phytotechnol Labs, Lenexa, KS 66215 USA. [Richardson, Larry] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Florida Panther Natl Wildlife Refuge, Naples, FL 34114 USA. RP Dutra, D (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, POB 110675, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ddutra@ufl.edu NR 45 TC 26 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 94 IS 1 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1007/s11240-008-9382-0 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 304CC UT WOS:000256086600002 ER PT J AU Jay, CV Outridge, PM Garlich-Miller, JL AF Jay, Chadwick V. Outridge, Peter M. Garlich-Miller, Joel L. TI Indication of two Pacific walrus stocks from whole tooth elemental analysis SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tooth; trace elements; ICP-MS; walrus; subpopulations; stocks ID ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS-ROSMARUS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; LEAD ISOTOPES; HEAVY-METALS; POLAR BEARS; BERING SEA; ATLANTIC; TEETH; MOVEMENTS; EXPOSURE AB The Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) is considered to be a single panmictic population for management purposes. However, studies on population structuring in this species are limited; in part, because portions of the population's range are often inaccessible. Therefore, alternative and complementary methods for investigating stock structure in the Pacific walrus are of particular interest. We used measures of elemental concentrations in whole tooth sections from ICP-MS in a discriminant analysis to investigate evidence of stock separation between walruses from two of three known breeding areas (S.E. Bering, St Lawrence, and Anadyr Gulf). Elemental compositions of teeth from female and male walruses from the S.E. Bering and St Lawrence breeding areas were significantly different, providing evidence of separate stocks. We also obtained insights into the potential relation of walruses from non-breeding areas to walruses from these breeding groups based on similarities in their dental elemental profiles. C1 [Jay, Chadwick V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Outridge, Peter M.] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. [Garlich-Miller, Joel L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Jay, CV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM chad_jay@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 31 IS 8 BP 933 EP 943 DI 10.1007/s00300-008-0432-1 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 309RG UT WOS:000256477300005 ER PT J AU Schliebe, S Rode, KD Gleason, JS Wilder, J Proffitt, K Evans, TJ Miller, S AF Schliebe, S. Rode, K. D. Gleason, J. S. Wilder, J. Proffitt, K. Evans, T. J. Miller, S. TI Effects of sea ice extent and food availability on spatial and temporal distribution of polar bears during the fall open-water period in the Southern Beaufort Sea SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polar bears; sea ice; distribution; bear density ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; POPULATION ECOLOGY; HABITAT SELECTION; URSUS-MARITIMUS; NATIONAL-PARK; RINGED SEALS; SPACE-USE; TRENDS; ABUNDANCE AB We investigated the relationship between sea ice conditions, food availability, and the fall distribution of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in terrestrial habitats of the Southern Beaufort Sea via weekly aerial surveys in 2000-2005. Aerial surveys were conducted weekly during September and October along the Southern Beaufort Sea coastline and barrier islands between Barrow and the Canadian border to determine polar bear density on land. The number of bears on land both within and among years increased when sea-ice was retreated furthest from the shore. However, spatial distribution also appeared to be related to the availability of subsistence-harvested bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) carcasses and the density of ringed seals (Phoca hispida) in offshore waters. Our results suggest that long-term reductions in sea-ice could result in an increasing proportion of the Southern Beaufort Sea polar bear population coming on land during the fall open-water period and an increase in the amount of time individual bears spend on land. C1 [Schliebe, S.; Rode, K. D.; Wilder, J.; Proffitt, K.; Evans, T. J.; Miller, S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Gleason, J. S.] US Minerals Management Serv, Environm Studies Sect, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Rode, KD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM scott_schliebe@fws.gov; karyn_rode@fws.gov; jeffrey_gleason@fws.gov; james_wilder@mms.gov; proffitt@montana.edu; thomas_evans@fws.gov; suzanne_miller@fws.gov RI Daniel, Emily/A-7387-2012 NR 65 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 15 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 31 IS 8 BP 999 EP 1010 DI 10.1007/s00300-008-0439-7 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 309RG UT WOS:000256477300010 ER PT J AU Jones, BM Rykhus, R Lu, Z Arp, CD Selkowitz, DJ AF Jones, Benjamin M. Rykhus, Russell Lu, Zhong Arp, Christopher D. Selkowitz, David J. TI Radar imaging of winter seismic survey activity in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska SO POLAR RECORD LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN ALASKA AB During the spring of 2006, Radarsat-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery was acquired on a continual basis for the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area (TLSA), in the northeast portion of the National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska (NPR-A) in order to monitor lake ice melting processes. During data processing, it was discovered that the Radarsat-1 imagery detected features associated with winter seismic survey activity. Focused analysis of the image time series revealed various aspects of the exploration process such as the grid profile associated with the seismic line surveys as well as trails and campsites associated with the mobile survey crews. Due to the high temporal resolution of the dataset it was possible to track the progress of activities over a one month period. Spaceborne SAR imagery can provide information on the location of winter seismic activity and could be used as a monitoring tool for land and resource managers as increased petroleum-based activity occurs in the TLSA and NPR-A. C1 [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Rykhus, Russell] US Geol Survey, SAIC, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20242 USA. RP Jones, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. OI Arp, Christopher/0000-0002-6485-6225 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0032-2474 J9 POLAR REC JI POLAR REC. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 44 IS 230 BP 227 EP 231 DI 10.1017/S0032247407007206 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 320GS UT WOS:000257222300003 ER PT J AU Brown, JA Salehi, M Moradi, M Bell, G Smith, DR AF Brown, Jennifer A. Salehi M., Mohammad Moradi, Mohammad Bell, Gavin Smith, David R. TI An adaptive two-stage sequential design for sampling rare and clustered populations SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Murthy estimator; optimal allocation; rare clustered populations ID MULTIPLE POPULATIONS; LOCATIONS; ABUNDANCE AB How to design an efficient large-area survey continues to be an interesting question for ecologists. In sampling large areas, as is common in environmental studies, adaptive sampling can be efficient because it ensures survey effort is targeted to subareas of high interest. In two-stage sampling, higher density primary sample units are usually of more interest than lower density primary units when populations are rare and clustered. Two-stage sequential sampling has been suggested as a method for allocating second stage sample effort among primary units. Here, we suggest a modification: adaptive two-stage sequential sampling. In this method, the adaptive part of the allocation process means the design is more flexible in how much extra effort can be directed to higher-abundance primary units. We discuss how best to design an adaptive two-stage sequential sample. C1 [Brown, Jennifer A.; Bell, Gavin] Univ Canterbury, Dept Math & Stat, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Salehi M., Mohammad; Moradi, Mohammad] Isfahan Univ Technol, Dept Math Sci, Esfahan 8415683111, Iran. [Smith, David R.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Brown, JA (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Math & Stat, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. EM jennifer.brown@canterbury.ac.nz RI Brown, Jennifer/E-7878-2013 OI Brown, Jennifer/0000-0001-6150-7284 NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 EI 1438-390X J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 50 IS 3 BP 239 EP 245 DI 10.1007/s10144-008-0089-1 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 313TQ UT WOS:000256763300001 ER PT J AU Kondratieff, BC Zuellig, RE Kirchner, RF Lenat, DR AF Kondratieff, Boris C. Zuellig, Robert E. Kirchner, Ralph F. Lenat, David R. TI Two new species of Perlesta (Plecoptera : Perlidae) from eastern North America SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Plecoptera; Perlidae; Perlesta; new species; Nearctic; North Carolina; Virginia AB Two new species of the Nearctic perlid genus Perlesta, P. durfeei Kondratieff, Zuellig, and Kirchner and P. georgiae Kondratieff, Zuellig, and Lenat are described and illustrated from Virginia and North Carolina, U.S.A., respectively. C1 [Kondratieff, Boris C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zuellig, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lenat, David R.] Lenat Consulting, Raleigh, NC 27612 USA. RP Kondratieff, BC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM boris.kondratieff@Colostate.edu; rzuellig@usgs.gov; lenatbks@mindspring.com NR 3 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 110 IS 3 BP 668 EP 673 DI 10.4289/07-062.1 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325YR UT WOS:000257625600013 ER PT J AU Symstad, AJ Wienk, CL Thorstenson, AD AF Symstad, Amy J. Wienk, Cody L. Thorstenson, Andy D. TI Precision, repeatability, and efficiency of two canopy-cover estimate methods in northern Great Plains vegetation SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE grassland; observer error; plant canopy cover; point-frequency method; vegetation monitoring; visual estimates ID PLANT COVER AB Government agencies are subject to increasing public scrutiny of land management practices. Consequently, rigorous, yet efficient, monitoring protocols are needed to provide defensible quantitative data on the status and trends of rangeland vegetation. Rigor requires precise, repeatable measures, whereas efficiency requires the greatest possible information content for the amount of resources spent acquiring the information. We compared two methods-point frequency and visual estimate-of measuring canopy cover of individual plant species and groups of species (forbs vs. graminoids, native vs. normative) and plant species richness. These methods were compared in a variety of grassland vegetation types of the northern Great Plains for their precision, repeatability, and efficiency. Absolute precision of estimates was similar, but values generally differed between the two sampling methods. The point-frequency method yielded significantly higher values than the visual-estimate method for cover by individual species, graminoid cover, and total cover, and yielded significantly lower values for broadleaf (forb + shrub) cover and species richness. Differences in values derived by different sampling teams using the same method were similar between methods and within precision levels for many variables. Species richness and median species cover were the major exceptions; for these, the point-frequency method was far less repeatable. As performed in this study, the visual-estimate method required approximately twice the time as did the point-frequency method, but the former captured 55% more species. Overall, the visual-estimate method of measuring plant cover was more consistent among observers than anticipated, because of strong training, and captured considerably more species. However, its greater sampling time could reduce the number of samples and, therefore, reduce the statistical power of a sampling design if time is a limiting factor. C1 [Symstad, Amy J.] US Geol Survey, Black Hills Stn, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Hot Springs, SD 57747 USA. [Wienk, Cody L.] Natl Pk Serv, Midwest Reg Off, Omaha, NE 68120 USA. [Thorstenson, Andy D.] Natl Pk Serv, No Great Plains Fire Management Off, Hot Springs, SD 57747 USA. RP Symstad, AJ (reprint author), Wind Cave Natl Pk 26611,US Hwy 385, Hot Springs, SD 57747 USA. EM asymstad@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 61 IS 4 BP 419 EP 429 DI 10.2111/08-010.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 328PD UT WOS:000257809400008 ER PT J AU Vincent, KR Andrews, ED AF Vincent, Kirk R. Andrews, E. D. TI Depositional settings of sand beaches along whitewater rivers SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE river sand beaches; depositional settings; whitewater recreation ID GRAND-CANYON; COLORADO RIVER; EVOLUTION; ARIZONA AB The numbers and sizes of sand beaches suitable for recreation along selected whitewater rivers in the western United States depend on sand concentrations, range of discharge and the size, frequency and type of depositional settings. River-width expansions downstream from constrictions are the predominant depositional setting for sand beaches in the upper Grand Canyon and along five Wild and Scenic Rivers in Idaho, but not along other rivers. Beaches located upstream from constrictions are rare. in general, except in the Grand Canyon. Beaches found in expansions without constrictions dominate depositional sites along the Yampa and Green Rivers, are fairly common along the rivers in Idaho, but are relatively rare in the Grand Canyon. The magnitude of flow expansion is a reliable predictor of beach size. Beaches located on the inside of curves are uncommon, in general, but can be important recreation sites. The mid-channel bar setting is the least important from a recreation standpoint because that setting is rare and beaches there are typically small, and emergent only at low flow. The frequency of beaches is highly variable among rivers and the concentration of sand in transport is only partially responsible. Of the rivers studied, the unregulated Yampa River carries the highest concentrations of suspended sand and has among the most beaches (1.2 beaches km(-1)). Emergent sand beaches are essentially nonexistent along the Deschutes River and are rare along other Oregon rivers, yet these rivers transport some sand. Sand beaches are fairly common (0.8-1.1 beaches km(-1)) along the regulated Colorado River, but are comparatively rare (0.6 beaches km(-1)) along the unregulated Middle Fork Salmon River. The suspended sand concentrations in study reaches of these two rivers are similar, and the difference in the frequency of beaches may be largely because the processes that create beach-deposition settings are less active along the Middle Fork Salmon. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Vincent, Kirk R.; Andrews, E. D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Vincent, KR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO USA. EM kvincent@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 6 BP 771 EP 788 DI 10.1002/rra.1079 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 330SZ UT WOS:000257964400003 ER PT J AU Hoagstrom, CW Brooks, JE Davenport, SR AF Hoagstrom, Christopher W. Brooks, James E. Davenport, Stephen R. TI Recent habitat association and the historical decline of Notropis simus pecosensis SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE riverine minnow; river fragmentation; aquatic habitat; flow management; size-related habitat use; threatened species; Pecos River; river restoration ID FISH ASSEMBLAGE RECOVERY; ARKANSAS RIVER SHINER; NEW-MEXICO; RIO-GRANDE; PRAIRIE STREAM; LIFE-HISTORY; GREAT-PLAINS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; EFFECTIVE POPULATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB Small-bodied, riverine minnows that historically characterized fish assemblages of Great Plains river, in North America have declined because of river fragmentation, dewatering, river channel degradation, river salinization and normative species introductions. The Pecos bluntnose shiner Notropis simus pecosensis, a member of this guild, persists in one segment of the Pecos River, New Mexico, USA. We characterized habitat associations for the species at two spatial scales. In general, N. s. pecosensis associated with fluvial habitats, but velocity association depended on body size, with larger individuals using swifter habitats. All N. s. pecosensis associated with relatively low depths (3-51 cm), which were most abundant in sites with relatively wide river channels (>25 m), especially when discharge was between 0.5 and 4.0 m(3) s(-1). The Pecos River sub-segment that is occupied by the core population of N. s. pecosensis (V-ii) had a unique combination of being buffered from direct dam effects by intervening segments and sub-segments, high sub-segment length, substantial sediment inputs from numerous uncontrolled tributaries, substantial base flow provided by irrigation return flows and groundwater inflows, high channel width in relation to discharge and low salinity. Although no unoccupied Pecos River segment appears to be suitable for N. s. pecosensis, habitat restoration opportunities exist within all occupied sub-segments (V-i, V-ii and V-iii) via base flow enhancement and river channel restoration. Restoration that offsets chronic effects of dams may be necessary to conserve the species. Restoration would also benefit other rare riverine minnows that coexist with N. s. pecosensis. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Hoagstrom, Christopher W.; Brooks, James E.; Davenport, Stephen R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fishery Resources Off, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Hoagstrom, CW (reprint author), Weber State Univ, Dept Zool, 2505 Univ Circle, Ogden, UT 84408 USA. EM christopherhoagstrom@weber.edu NR 86 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 6 BP 789 EP 803 DI 10.1002/rra.1082 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 330SZ UT WOS:000257964400004 ER PT J AU Steen, PJ Zorn, TG Seelbach, PW Schaeffer, JS AF Steen, Paul J. Zorn, Troy G. Seelbach, Paul W. Schaeffer, Jeffrey S. TI Classification tree models for predicting distributions of Michigan stream fish from landscape variables SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; REGRESSION TREES; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; WISCONSIN STREAMS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; RAINBOW-TROUT; ASSEMBLAGES; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITY; PATTERNS AB Traditionally, fish habitat requirements have been described from local-scale environmental variables. However, recent studies have shown that studying landscape-scale processes improves our understanding of what drives species assemblages and distribution patterns across the landscape. Our goal was to learn more about constraints on the distribution of Michigan stream fish by examining landscape-scale habitat variables. We used classification trees and landscape-scale habitat variables to create and validate presence-absence models and relative abundance models for Michigan stream fishes. We developed 93 presence-absence models that on average were 72% correct in making predictions for an independent data set, and we developed 46 relative abundance models that were 76% correct in making predictions for independent data. The models were used to create statewide predictive distribution and abundance maps that have the potential to be used for a variety of conservation and scientific purposes. C1 [Steen, Paul J.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Zorn, Troy G.] Marquette Fisheries Res Stn, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Seelbach, Paul W.] Fisheries Res Inst, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.] Great Lakes Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Steen, PJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 170 Dana Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM psteen@usgs.gov NR 65 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 137 IS 4 BP 976 EP 996 DI 10.1577/T07-119.1 PG 21 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 333PD UT WOS:000258163500004 ER PT J AU Parsley, MJ Popoff, ND van der Leeuw, BK Wright, CD AF Parsley, Michael J. Popoff, Nicholas D. van der Leeuw, Bjorn K. Wright, Corey D. TI Seasonal and diel movements of white sturgeon in the lower Columbia River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ADULT ATLANTIC STURGEON; SUWANNEE RIVER; LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT UTILIZATION; GULF STURGEON; SITE FIDELITY; BEHAVIOR; ESTUARY; FLORIDA; MARINE AB Continuous monitoring of the movements and depths used by white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus with acoustic telemetry technologies in the lower Columbia River provided information on diel and seasonal migrations, local movements, and site fidelity. White sturgeon moved to shallower water at night and showed greater activity, inferred from rates of movement, than during daytime. The extent of local movement within a season was variable among fish; some fish readily moved among habitats while the movements of others were more constrained. White sturgeon were absent from the study area (river kilometers 45-52) during winter and returned from upstream during the spring, confirming an upstream seasonal migration in the fall and downstream migration in spring. The return of individual fish and reoccupation of areas previously inhabited showed that some white sturgeon exhibit site fidelity. This work shows that studies seeking to characterize habitat for white sturgeon need to be cognizant of diel migrations and site fidelity. We urge caution in the use of limited fish location data to describe habitats if diel activities and fine-scale movements are not known. C1 [Parsley, Michael J.; Popoff, Nicholas D.; van der Leeuw, Bjorn K.; Wright, Corey D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98651 USA. RP Parsley, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98651 USA. EM mparsley@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 137 IS 4 BP 1007 EP 1017 DI 10.1577/T07-027.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 333PD UT WOS:000258163500006 ER PT J AU Penne, CR Pierce, CL AF Penne, Christopher R. Pierce, Clay L. TI Seasonal distribution, aggregation, and habitat selection of common carp in Clear Lake, Iowa SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; WATER-QUALITY; SOUTHERN FRANCE; INVASIVE CARP; UNITED-STATES; FISH; SHALLOW; PATTERNS; PONDS AB The common carp Cyprinus carpio is widely distributed and frequently considered a nuisance species outside its native range. Common carp are abundant in Clear Lake., Iowa, where their presence is both a symptom of degradation and an impediment to improving water quality and the sport fishery. We used radiotelemetry to quantify seasonal distribution, aggregation, and habitat selection of adult and subadult common carp in Clear Lake during 2005-2006 in an effort to guide future control strategies. Over a 22-month period, we recorded 1,951 locations of 54 adults and 60 subadults implanted with radio transmitters. Adults demonstrated a clear tendency to aggregate in an offshore area during the late fall and winter and in shallow, vegetated areas before and during spring spawning. Late-fall and winter aggregations were estimated to include a larger percentage of the tracked adults than spring aggregations. Subadults aggregated in shallow, vegetated areas during the spring and early summer. Our study, when considered in combination with previous research, suggests repeatable patterns of distribution, aggregation, and habitat selection that should facilitate common carp reduction programs in Clear Lake and similar systems. C1 [Penne, Christopher R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Pierce, Clay L.] Iowa State Univ, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Penne, CR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM chrispenne@utah.gov NR 67 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 137 IS 4 BP 1050 EP 1062 DI 10.1577/T07-112.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 333PD UT WOS:000258163500010 ER PT J AU Dauwalter, DC Fisher, WL AF Dauwalter, Daniel C. Fisher, William L. TI Spatial and temporal patterns in stream habitat and smallmouth bass populations in eastern Oklahoma SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MICROPTERUS-DOLOMIEU; MICROHABITAT USE; UNITED-STATES; FISH-HABITAT; OZARK STREAM; DYNAMICS; LANDSCAPE; CLASSIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; ATTRIBUTES AB The spatial and temporal dynamics of stream habitat and fish populations are important considerations for the conservation and management of stream fishes. We determined how stream habitat and populations of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu varied among third-order to fifth-order stream reaches in two regional streams in eastern Oklahoma from 2003 to 2005. Eastern Oklahoma represents the southwestern edge of the species' range and is where the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation focuses its stream habitat management efforts. Water temperature, streamflow, and habitat differed between Baron Fork Creek (northeast) and the Glover River (southeast) and changed longitudinally within each stream. Smallmouth bass abundance was highest downstream in Baron Fork Creek and lowest downstream in the Glover River. Recruitment was poor and variable in the upstream reaches of both streams and was strong and stable downstream in Baron Fork Creek. The survival of age-1 and older smallmouth bass was higher in Baron Fork Creek than in the Glover River. The relative weights of smallmouth bass were higher in Baron Fork Creek than in the Glover River upstream, and they decreased downstream in Baron Fork Creek. Growth was highest from summer to fall, and relative weights were lowest in spring and highest in summer. Survival was typically lowest from summer to fall. Movement among channel units was highest from fall to winter, and there was evidence that older individuals moved more often. Smallmouth bass used different habitats for overwintering versus spring spawning, and they used most deep habitats in summer and fall. Integrating population dynamics with stream habitat helped to identify habitat management strategies that can best enhance smallmouth bass populations at the edge of their native distribution, where they provide important recreational fishing opportunities to anglers. C1 [Fisher, William L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Dauwalter, Daniel C.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Fisher, William L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Dauwalter, DC (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Dept 3166, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM ddauwalt@uwyo.edu NR 71 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 137 IS 4 BP 1072 EP 1088 DI 10.1577/T06-170.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 333PD UT WOS:000258163500012 ER PT J AU Sloss, BL Jennings, MT Franckowiak, R Pratt, DM AF Sloss, Brian L. Jennings, Martin T. Franckowiak, Ryan Pratt, Dennis M. TI Genetic identity of brook trout in Lake Superior south shore streams: Potential for genetic monitoring of stocking and rehabilitation efforts SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CONSERVATION; SCALE AB Rehabilitation of migratory ("coaster") brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis along Lake Superior's south shore is a topic of high interest among resource stakeholders and management agencies. Proposed strategies for rehabilitation of this brook trout life history variant in Wisconsin include supplemental stocking, watershed management, habitat rehabilitation, harvest regulations, or a combination thereof. In an effort to evaluate the success of coaster brook trout rehabilitation efforts, we collected genetic data from four populations of interest (Whittlesey Creek, Bois Brute River, Bark River, and Graveyard Creek) and the hatchery sources used in the Whittlesey Creek supplementation experiment. We characterized the genetic diversity of 30 individuals from each of four populations using 13 microsatellite DNA loci. Levels of genetic variation were consistent with those in similar studies conducted throughout the basin. Significant genetic variation among the populations was observed, enabling adequate population delineation through assignment tests. Overall, 208 of the 211 sampled fish (98.6%) were correctly assigned to their population of origin. Simulated F(1) hybrids between two hatchery strains and the Whittlesey Creek population were identifiable in the majority of attempts (90.5-100% accuracy with 0-2.5% error). The genetic markers and analytical techniques described provide the ability to monitor the concurrent coaster brook trout rehabilitation efforts along Wisconsin's Lake Superior south shore, including the detection of hybridization between hatchery and native populations. C1 [Sloss, Brian L.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Jennings, Martin T.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Spooner, WI 54801 USA. [Pratt, Dennis M.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Superior, WI 54880 USA. RP Sloss, BL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM brian.sloss@uwsp.edu NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 137 IS 4 BP 1244 EP 1251 DI 10.1577/T05-206.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 333PD UT WOS:000258163500026 ER PT J AU Gorman, OT Moore, SA Carlson, AJ Quinlan, HR AF Gorman, Owen T. Moore, Seth A. Carlson, Andrew J. Quinlan, Henry R. TI Nearshore habitat and fish community associations of coaster brook trout in Isle Royale, Lake Superior SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; NORTH-CAROLINA; COLORADO RIVER; POPULATIONS; MOUNTAINS; STREAM; HATCHERY; ECOLOGY; WILD AB We characterized the nearshore habitat and fish community composition of approximately 300 km of shoreline within and adjacent to the major embayments of Isle Royale, Lake Superior. Sampling yielded 17 species, of which 12 were widespread and represented a common element of the Lake Superior fish community, including cisco Coregonus artedi, lake whitefish C. clupeaformis, round whitefish Prosopium cylindraccum, lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax, lake chub Couesius plumbeus, longnose sucker Catostomus catostomus, white sucker C. commersonii, trout-perch Percopsis omiscomaycus, ninespine stickleback Pungitius pungitius, burbot Lota lota, and slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus. The presence of brook trout S. fontinalis in an embayment was associated with the common species of the Isle Royale nearshore fish community, particularly cisco, longnose sucker, and round whitefish. However, brook trout were present in only five embayments and were common only in Tobin Harbor. Most Isle Royale embayments had broadly overlapping ranges of nearshore habitats. Within embayments, fish were distributed along a habitat gradient from less-protected rocky habitat near the mouth to highly protected habitat with mixed and finer substrates at the head. Embayments with brook trout had greater mean protection from the open lake, greater variation in depth, greater mean cover, and higher mean frequencies of large substrates (cobble, boulder, and bedrock). Within those embayments, brook trout were associated with habitat patches with higher mean frequencies of small substrates (particularly sand and coarse gravel). Within Tobin Harbor, brook trout were associated with midembayment habitat and species assemblages, especially those locations with a mixture of sand, gravel, and cobble substrates, an absence of bedrock, and the presence of round whitefish, white sucker, and trout-perch. Comparison of embayments with the model, Tobin Harbor, showed that six embayments without brook trout had very similar arrays of habitat. However, four embayments with brook trout had relatively different arrays of habitat from Tobin Harbor. These results suggest that there is potential for further recovery of brook trout populations across Isle Royale nearshore habitats. C1 [Gorman, Owen T.; Moore, Seth A.] US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Carlson, Andrew J.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Quinlan, Henry R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ashland Fishery Resources Off, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Gorman, OT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, 2800 Lake Shore Dr E, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM owen_gorman@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 137 IS 4 BP 1252 EP 1267 DI 10.1577/T05-287.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 333PD UT WOS:000258163500027 ER PT J AU Norman, LM Guertin, DP Feller, M AF Norman, Laura M. Guertin, D. Phillip Feller, Mark TI A coupled model approach to reduce nonpoint-source pollution resulting from predicted urban growth: A case study in the Ambos Nogales watershed SO URBAN GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE alternative scenarios; watershed modeling; urban growth ID LAND-USE; URBANIZATION; HYDROLOGY; QUALITY; USA AB The development of new approaches for understanding processes of urban development and their environmental effects, as well as strategies for sustainable management, is essential in expanding metropolitan areas. This study illustrates the potential of linking urban growth and watershed models to identify problem areas and support long-term watershed planning. Sediment is a primary source of nonpoint-source pollution in surface waters. In urban areas, sediment is intermingled with other surface debris in transport. In an effort to forecast the effects of development on surface-water quality, changes predicted in urban areas by the SLEUTH urban growth model were applied in the context of erosion-sedimentation models (Universal Soil Loss Equation and Spatially Explicit Delivery Models). The models are used to simulate the effect of excluding hot-spot areas of erosion and sedimentation from future urban growth and to predict the impacts of alternative erosion-control scenarios. Ambos Nogales, meaning "both Nogaleses," is a name commonly used for the twin border cities of Nogales, Arizona and Nogales, Sonora, Mexico. The Ambos Nogales watershed has experienced a decrease in water quality as a result of urban development in the twin-city area. Population growth rates in Ambos Nogales are high and the resources set in place to accommodate the rapid population influx will soon become overburdened. Because of its remote location and binational governance, monitoring and planning across the border is compromised. One scenario described in this research portrays an improvement in water quality through the identification of high-risk areas using models that simulate their protection from development and replanting with native grasses, while permitting the predicted and inevitable growth elsewhere. This is meant to add to the body of knowledge about forecasting the impact potential of urbanization on sediment delivery to streams for sustainable development, which can be accomplished in a virtual environment. C1 [Norman, Laura M.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Guertin, D. Phillip] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Feller, Mark] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Norman, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave,Suite 355, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM lnorman@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 15 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 0272-3638 J9 URBAN GEOGR JI Urban Geogr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 29 IS 5 BP 496 EP 516 DI 10.2747/0272-3638.29.5.496 PG 21 WC Geography; Urban Studies SC Geography; Urban Studies GA 324EV UT WOS:000257501400005 ER PT J AU Butman, B Sherwood, CR Dalyander, PS AF Butman, Bradford Sherwood, Christopher R. Dalyander, P. Soupy TI Northeast storms ranked by wind stress and wave-generated bottom stress observed in Massachusetts Bay, 1990-2006 SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE storms; northeasters; climatology; bottom stress; wind stress; surface water waves; USA; Gulf of Maine; Massachusetts Bay ID EEL RIVER SHELF; SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT; VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA; EVENTS; SCALE; COAST; FLUX AB Along the coast of the northeastern United States, strong winds blowing from the northeast are often associated with storms called northeasters, coastal storms that strongly influence weather. In addition to effects caused by wind stress, the sea floor is affected by bottom stress associated with these storms. Bottom stress caused by orbital velocities associated with surface waves integrated over the duration of a storm is a metric of storm strength at the sea floor. Near-bottom wave-orbital velocities calculated by using measurements of significant wave height and dominant wave period and the parametric spectral method described in Wiberg and Sherwood [Wiberg, P.L., Sherwood, C.R. Calculating wave-generated bottom orbital velocities from surface wave parameters. Computers in Geosciences, in press] compared well with observations in Massachusetts Bay. Integrated bottom-wave stress (called IWAVES), calculated at 30m water depth, and a companion storm-strength metric, integrated surface wind stress at 10 m (called IWINDS), are used to provide an overview of the strength, frequency, and timing of large storms in Massachusetts Bay over a 17-year period from January 1990 through December 2006. These new metrics reflect both storm duration and intensity. Northeast storms were the major cause of large waves in Massachusetts Bay because of the long fetch to the east: of the strongest 10% of storms (n = 38) ranked by IWAVES, 22 had vector-averaged wind stress from the northeast quadrant. The Blizzard of December 1992, the Perfect Storm of October 1991, and a December 2003 storm were the strongest three storms ranked by IWAVES and IWINDS, and all were northeasters.]WAVES integrated over the winter season (defined as October-May) ranged by about a factor of 11; the winters with the highest integrated IWAVES were 1992-1993 and 2004-2005 and the winter with the lowest integrated IWAVES was 2001-2002. May 2005 was the only month in the 17-year record that two of the nine strongest northeast storms ranked by IWINDS occurred in the same month or year; these were also the only storms of the nine strongest northeast storms to occur in the spring. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Butman, Bradford; Sherwood, Christopher R.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Dalyander, P. Soupy] Integrated Stat Inc, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Butman, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM bbutman@usgs.gov; csherwood@usgs.gov; sdalyander@usgs.gov RI Dalyander, Soupy/E-9830-2013; OI Dalyander, P. Soupy/0000-0001-9583-0872 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUN 30 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 10-11 BP 1231 EP 1245 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2008.02.010 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 321BL UT WOS:000257279100002 ER PT J AU Moody, JA Martin, DA Haire, SL Kinner, DA AF Moody, John A. Martin, Deborah A. Haire, Sandra L. Kinner, David A. TI Linking runoff response to burn severity after a wildfire SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE runoff response; burn severity; wildfire; connectivity; peak discharge ID OVERLAND-FLOW; EROSION; FIRE; INFILTRATION; HILLSLOPES; RESISTANCE; STREAMS; AREA AB Extreme floods often follow wildfire in mountainous watersheds. However, a quantitative relation between the runoff response and burn severity at the watershed scale has not been established. Runoff response was measured as the runoff coefficient C, which is equal to the peak discharge per unit drainage area divided by the average maximum 30 min rainfall intensity during each rain storm. The magnitude of the burn severity was expressed as the change in the normalized burn ratio. A new burn severity variable, hydraulic functional connectivity Phi was developed and incorporates both the magnitude of the burn severity and the spatial sequence of the burn severity along hillslope flow paths. The runoff response and the burn severity were measured in seven subwatersheds (0.24 to 0.85 km(2)) in the upper part of Rendija Canyon burned by the 2000 Cerro Grande Fire near Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA. A rainfall-discharge relation was determined for four of the subwatersheds with nearly the same burn severity. The peak discharge per unit drainage area Q(u)(peak) was a linear function of the maximum 30 min rainfall intensity I(30). This function predicted a rainfall intensity threshold of 8.5 mm h(-1) below which no runoff was generated. The runoff coefficient C = Q(u)(peak)/I(30) was a linear function of the mean hydraulic functional connectivity of the subwatersheds. Moreover, the variability of the mean hydraulic functional connectivity was related to the variability of the mean runoff coefficient, and this relation provides physical insight into why the runoff response from the same subwatershed can vary for different rainstorms with the same rainfall intensity. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Moody, John A.; Martin, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Haire, Sandra L.] Univ Massachusetts, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Kinner, David A.] Western Carolina Univ, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. RP Moody, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jamoody@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUN 30 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 13 BP 2063 EP 2074 DI 10.1002/hyp.6806 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 318KK UT WOS:000257090200001 ER PT J AU Morton, RA Goff, JR Nichol, SL AF Morton, Robert A. Goff, James R. Nichol, Scott L. TI Hydrodynamic implications of textural trends in sand deposits of the 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tsunami deposits; sediment sorting; sediment transport; grain-size distribution ID INDIAN-OCEAN-TSUNAMI; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; FIELD SURVEY; BANDA ACEH; SIZE; THAILAND; SUMATRA; ISLANDS; INDONESIA; FLOW AB Field observations and sediment samples at a coastal-plain setting in southeastern Sri Lanka were used to document the erosional and depositional impacts of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and to interpret the hydrodynamic processes that produced an extensive sand-sheet deposit. Tsunami deposit thicknesses ranged from 6 to 22 cm with thickness being controlled partly by antecedent topography. The deposit was composed of coarse to medium sand organized into plane-parallel laminae and a few laminasets. Vertical textural trends showed an overall but non-systematic upward fining and upward thinning of depositional units with an upward increase in heavy-mineral laminations at some locations. Repeated patterns in the vertical textural trends (upward fining, upward coarsening, uniform) were used to subdivide and correlate the deposit into five hydro-textural stratigraphic units. The depositional units were linked to hydrodynamic processes and upcurrent conditions, such as rates of sediment supply and composition of the sediment sources. Vertical changes in grain-size distributions recorded the depositional phases associated with flow acceleration, initial unsteady pulsating flow, relatively stable and uniform flow, flow deceleration, slack water, and return flow or flow redirection. Study results suggest that vertical textural trends from multiple cross-shore sections can be used to interpret complex tsunami flow histories, but at the location examined, interpretation of the lateral textural trends did not provide a basis for identifying the correct sediment transport pathways because flow near the landward boundary was multidirectional. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Morton, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX USA. [Goff, James R.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Nichol, Scott L.] Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand. RP Morton, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX USA. EM rmorton@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD JUN 30 PY 2008 VL 207 IS 1-4 BP 56 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2008.03.008 PG 9 WC Geology SC Geology GA 327MI UT WOS:000257732800005 ER PT J AU Casso-Torralba, P de Arellano, JVG Bosveld, F Soler, MR Vermeulen, A Werner, C Moors, E AF Casso-Torralba, Pau de Arellano, Jordi Vila-Guerau Bosveld, Fred Soler, Maria Rosa Vermeulen, Alex Werner, Cindy Moors, Eddy TI Diurnal and vertical variability of the sensible heat and carbon dioxide budgets in the atmospheric surface layer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; EDDY-COVARIANCE; SOLFATARA VOLCANO; WATER-VAPOR; EXCHANGE; FOREST; ADVECTION; MOISTURE; CABAUW; FLUXES AB The diurnal and vertical variability of heat and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmospheric surface layer are studied by analyzing measurements from a 213 m tower in Cabauw (Netherlands). Observations of thermodynamic variables and CO2 mixing ratio as well as vertical profiles of the turbulent fluxes are used to retrieve the contribution of the budget terms in the scalar conservation equation. On the basis of the daytime evolution of turbulent fluxes, we calculate the budget terms by assuming that turbulent fluxes follow a linear profile with height. This assumption is carefully tested and the deviation from linearity is quantified. The budget calculation allows us to assess the importance of advection of heat and CO2 during day hours for three selected days. It is found that, under nonadvective conditions, the diurnal variability of temperature and CO2 is well reproduced from the flux divergence measurements. Consequently, the vertical transport due to the turbulent flux plays a major role in the daytime evolution of both scalars and the advection is a relatively small contribution. During the analyzed days with a strong contribution of advection of either heat or carbon dioxide, the flux divergence is still an important contribution to the budget. For heat, the quantification of the advection contribution is in close agreement with results from a numerical model. For carbon dioxide, we qualitatively corroborate the results with a Lagrangian transport model. Our estimation of advection is compared with traditional estimations based on the Net Ecosystem-atmosphere Exchange (NEE). C1 [Casso-Torralba, Pau; Soler, Maria Rosa] Univ Barcelona, Fac Phys, Dept Astron & Meteorol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Bosveld, Fred] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, Dept Climate & Seismol, Sect Reg Climate, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Casso-Torralba, Pau; de Arellano, Jordi Vila-Guerau] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Meteorol & Air Qual Sect, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Vermeulen, Alex] Energy Res Ctr, Dept Air Qual & Climate Change, Unit Biomass Coal & Environm, NL-1755 LE Petten, Netherlands. [Werner, Cindy] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Volcano Emiss Project, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Casso-Torralba, P (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Fac Phys, Dept Astron & Meteorol, Avinguda Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM pcasso@am.ub.es; jordi.vila@wur.nl; fred.bosveld@knmi.nl; rosa@am.ub.es; cwerner@usgs.gov; eddy.moors@wur.nl RI Vila, Jordi /B-4538-2010; Moors, Eddy/J-5165-2012; Soler, Maria Rosa/H-9224-2015; Vermeulen, Alex/A-2867-2015 OI Moors, Eddy/0000-0003-2309-2887; Soler, Maria Rosa/0000-0003-3830-3202; Vermeulen, Alex/0000-0002-8158-8787 NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 28 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D12 AR D12119 DI 10.1029/2007JD009583 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 321MT UT WOS:000257310000005 ER PT J AU Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU Browning, JV Cockell, CS Horton, JW Kenkmann, T Kulpecz, AA Powars, DS Sanford, WE Voytek, MA AF Gohn, G. S. Koeberl, C. Miller, K. G. Reimold, W. U. Browning, J. V. Cockell, C. S. Horton, J. W., Jr. Kenkmann, T. Kulpecz, A. A. Powars, D. S. Sanford, W. E. Voytek, M. A. TI Deep drilling into the Chesapeake Bay impact structure SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL SEA-LEVEL; SUBSEAFLOOR SEDIMENTS; BOLIDE IMPACT; YAXCOPOIL-1; CHICXULUB; ORIGIN; LIFE AB Samples from a 1.76- kilometer- deep corehole drilled near the center of the late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure ( Virginia, USA) reveal its geologic, hydrologic, and biologic history. We conducted stratigraphic and petrologic analyses of the cores to elucidate the timing and results of impact- melt creation and distribution, transient- cavity collapse, and ocean- water resurge. Comparison of post- impact sedimentary sequences inside and outside the structure indicates that compaction of the crater fill influenced long- term sedimentation patterns in the mid- Atlantic region. Salty connate water of the target remains in the crater fill today, where it poses a potential threat to the regional groundwater resource. Observed depth variations in microbial abundance indicate a complex history of impact- related thermal sterilization and habitat modification, and subsequent post- impact repopulation. C1 [Gohn, G. S.; Horton, J. W., Jr.; Powars, D. S.; Sanford, W. E.; Voytek, M. A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Koeberl, C.] Univ Vienna, Dept Lithospher Res, Ctr Earth Sci, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Miller, K. G.; Browning, J. V.; Kulpecz, A. A.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Reimold, W. U.; Kenkmann, T.] Humboldt Univ, Museum Nat Hist Mineral, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Cockell, C. S.] Open Univ, Ctr Earth Planetary Space & Astron Res, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP Gohn, GS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ggohn@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 27 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5884 BP 1740 EP 1745 DI 10.1126/science.1158708 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 318VP UT WOS:000257121200029 PM 18583604 ER PT J AU Healy, RW Rice, CA Bartos, TT McKinley, MP AF Healy, Richard W. Rice, Cynthia A. Bartos, Timothy T. McKinley, Michael P. TI Infiltration from an impoundment for coal-bed natural gas, Powder River Basin, Wyoming: Evolution of water and sediment chemistry SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGEABLE SODIUM PERCENTAGE; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; NORTH-DAKOTA; DESERT SOILS; RECHARGE; RECLAMATION; MINERALOGY; NITROGEN; BEDROCK; DISSOLUTION AB Development of coal-bed natural gas (CBNG) in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, has increased substantially in recent years. Among environmental concerns associated with this development is the fate of groundwater removed with the gas. A preferred water-management option is storage in surface impoundments. As of January 2007, permits for more than 4000 impoundments had been issued within Wyoming. A study was conducted on changes in water and sediment chemistry as water from an impoundment infiltrated the subsurface. Sediment cores were collected prior to operation of the impoundment and after its closure and reclamation. Suction lysimeters were used to collect water samples from beneath the impoundment. Large amounts of chloride (12,300 kg) and nitrate (13,500 kg as N), most of which accumulated naturally in the sediments over thousands of years, were released into groundwater by infiltrating water. Nitrate was more readily flushed from the sediments than chloride. If sediments at other impoundment locations contain similar amounts of chloride and nitrate, impoundments already permitted could release over 48 x 10(6) kg of chloride and 52 x 10(6) kg of nitrate into groundwater in the basin. A solute plume with total dissolved solid (TDS) concentrations at times exceeding 100,000 mg/L was created in the subsurface. TDS concentrations in the plume were substantially greater than those in the CBNG water (about 2300 mg/L) and in the ambient shallow groundwater (about 8000 mg/L). Sulfate, sodium, and magnesium are the dominant ions in the plume. The elevated concentrations are attributed to cation-exchange-enhanced gypsum dissolution. As gypsum dissolves, calcium goes into solution and is exchanged for sodium and magnesium on clays. Removal of calcium from solution allows further gypsum dissolution. C1 [Healy, Richard W.; Rice, Cynthia A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Bartos, Timothy T.] US Geol Survey, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. [McKinley, Michael P.] US Bur Land Management, Buffalo, WY 82834 USA. RP Healy, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, PO Box 25046 Mail Stop 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rwhealy@usgs.org NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN 27 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 6 AR W06424 DI 10.1029/2007WR006396 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 321OU UT WOS:000257317100002 ER PT J AU Neuzil, CE Konikow, LF AF Neuzil, C. E. Konikow, L. F. TI Reply to comment by T. N. Narasimhan on "A method to estimate groundwater depletion from confining layers" SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Neuzil, C. E.; Konikow, L. F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Neuzil, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ceneuzil@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN 27 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 6 AR W06421 DI 10.1029/2008WR007084 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 321OU UT WOS:000257317100005 ER PT J AU Jarvi, SI Farias, ME Atkinson, CT AF Jarvi, Susan I. Farias, Margaret Em Atkinson, Carter T. TI Genetic characterization of Hawaiian isolates of Plasmodium relictum reveals mixed-genotype infections SO BIOLOGY DIRECT LA English DT Article ID DIVERSE MALARIA INFECTIONS; ADHESIVE PROTEIN GENE; AVIAN MALARIA; GLIDING MOTILITY; LAND BIRDS; TRAP GENE; THROMBOSPONDIN; SEQUENCE; HOST; PARASITE AB Background: The relatively recent introduction of a highly efficient mosquito vector and an avian pathogen (Plasmodium relictum) to an isolated island ecosystem with nave, highly susceptible avian hosts provides a unique opportunity to investigate evolution of virulence in a natural system. Mixed infections can significantly contribute to the uncertainty in host-pathogen dynamics with direct impacts on virulence. Toward further understanding of how host-parasite and parasite-parasite relationships may impact virulence, this study characterizes within-host diversity of malaria parasite populations based on genetic analysis of the trap (thrombospondin-related anonymous protein) gene in isolates originating from Hawaii, Maui and Kauai Islands. Methods: A total of 397 clones were produced by nested PCR amplification and cloning of a 1664 bp fragment of the trap gene from two malarial isolates, K1 (Kauai) and KV115 (Hawaii) that have been used for experimental studies, and from additional isolates from wild birds on Kauai, Maui and Hawaii Islands. Diversity of clones was evaluated initially by RFLP-based screening, followed by complete sequencing of 33 selected clones. Results: RFLP analysis of trap revealed a minimum of 28 distinct RFLP haplotypes among the 397 clones from 18 birds. Multiple trap haplotypes were detected in every bird evaluated, with an average of 5.9 haplotypes per bird. Overall diversity did not differ between the experimental isolates, however, a greater number of unique haplotypes were detected in K1 than in KV115. We detected high levels of clonal diversity with clear delineation between isolates K1 and KV115 in a haplotype network. The patterns of within-host haplotype clustering are consistent with the possibility of a clonal genetic structure and rapid within-host mutation after infection. Conclusion: Avian malaria (P. relictum) and Avipoxvirus are the significant infectious diseases currently affecting the native Hawaiian avifauna. This study shows that clonal diversity of Hawaiian isolates of P. relictum is much higher than previously recognized. Mixed infections can significantly contribute to the uncertainty in host-pathogen dynamics with direct implications for host demographics, disease management strategies, and evolution of virulence. The results of this study indicate a widespread presence of multiple-genotype malaria infections with high clonal diversity in native birds of Hawaii, which when coupled with concurrent infection with Avipoxvirus, may significantly influence evolution of virulence. C1 [Jarvi, Susan I.; Farias, Margaret Em] Univ Hawaii, Coll Pharm, Dept Biol, Coll Arts & Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Jarvi, Susan I.; Farias, Margaret Em] Univ Hawaii, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Atkinson, Carter T.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Islands Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Jarvi, SI (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Coll Pharm, Dept Biol, Coll Arts & Sci, 200 W Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM jarvi@hawaii.edu; mefarias@hawaii.edu; carter_atkinson@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 15 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1745-6150 J9 BIOL DIRECT JI Biol. Direct PD JUN 25 PY 2008 VL 3 AR 25 DI 10.1186/1745-6150-3-25 PG 17 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 328NG UT WOS:000257804500001 PM 18578879 ER PT J AU Cushing, GE Titus, TN AF Cushing, Glen E. Titus, Timothy N. TI MGS-TES thermal inertia study of the Arsia Mons Caldera SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION SPECTROMETER; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PHOTOMETRIC FUNCTION; PARTICLE-SIZE; MARS; SURFACE; TEMPERATURES; ATMOSPHERE AB Temperatures of the Arsia Mons caldera floor and two nearby control areas were obtained by the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES). These observations revealed that the Arsia Mons caldera floor exhibits thermal behavior different from the surrounding Tharsis region when compared with thermal models. Our technique compares modeled and observed data to determine best fit values of thermal inertia, layer depth, and albedo. Best fit modeled values are accurate in the two control regions, but those in the Arsia Mons' caldera are consistently either up to 15 K warmer than afternoon observations, or have albedo values that are more than two standard deviations higher than the observed mean. Models of both homogeneous and layered (such as dust over bedrock) cases were compared, with layered- cases indicating a surface layer at least thick enough to insulate itself from diurnal effects of an underlying substrate material. Because best fit models of the caldera floor poorly match observations, it is likely that the caldera floor experiences some physical process not incorporated into our thermal model. Even on Mars, Arsia Mons is an extreme environment where CO(2) condenses upon the caldera floor every night, diurnal temperatures range each day by a factor of nearly 2, and annual average atmospheric pressure is only around one millibar. Here, we explore several possibilities that may explain the poor modeled fits to caldera floor and conclude that temperature dependent thermal conductivity may cause thermal inertia to vary diurnally, and this effect may be exaggerated by presence of water-ice clouds, which occur frequently above Arsia Mons. C1 [Cushing, Glen E.; Titus, Timothy N.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Cushing, Glen E.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Cushing, GE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM gcushing@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUN 25 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E6 AR E06006 DI 10.1029/2007JE002910 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321NS UT WOS:000257313200001 ER PT J AU Hein, JR Schulz, MS Dunham, RE Stern, RJ Bloomer, SH AF Hein, James R. Schulz, Marjorie S. Dunham, Rachel E. Stern, Robert J. Bloomer, Sherman H. TI Diffuse flow hydrothermal manganese mineralization along the active Mariana and southern Izu-Bonin arc system, western Pacific SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; FERROMANGANESE CRUSTS; OXIDE DEPOSITS; SHOSHONITIC VOLCANISM; GEOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; PHASE ASSOCIATIONS; SOUTHWEST PACIFIC; SW PACIFIC; ISLAND-ARC; LAU BASIN AB [1] Abundant ferromanganese oxides were collected along 1200 km of the active Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc system. Chemical compositions and mineralogy show that samples were collected from two deposit types: Fe-Mn crusts of mixed hydrogenetic/hydrothermal origin and hydrothermal Mn oxide deposits; this paper addresses only the second type. Mn oxides cement volcaniclastic and biogenic sandstone and breccia layers (Mn sandstone) and form discrete dense stratabound layers along bedding planes and within beds (stratabound Mn). The Mn oxide was deposited within coarse-grained sediments from diffuse flow systems where precipitation occurred below the seafloor. Deposits were exposed at the seabed by faulting, mass wasting, and erosion. Scanning electron microscopy and microprobe analyses indicate the presence of both amorphous and crystalline 10 angstrom and 7 angstrom manganate minerals, the fundamental chemical difference being high water contents in the amorphous Mn oxides. Alternation of amorphous and crystalline laminae occurs in many samples, which likely resulted from initial rapid precipitation of amorphous Mn oxides from waxing pulses of hydrothermal fluids followed by precipitation of slow forming crystallites during waning stages. The chemical composition is characteristic of a hydrothermal origin including strong fractionation between Fe (mean 0.9 wt %) and Mn (mean 48 wt %) for the stratabound Mn, generally low trace metal contents, and very low rare earth element and platinum group element contents. However, Mo, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Co occur in high concentrations in some samples and may be good indicator elements for proximity to the heat source or to massive sulfide deposits. For the Mn sandstones, Fe (mean 8.4%) and Mn (12.4%) are not significantly fractionated because of high Fe contents in the volcaniclastic material. However, the proportion of hydrothermal Fe (nondetrital Fe) to total Fe is remarkably constant (49-58%) for all the sample groups, regardless of the degree of Mn mineralization. Factor analyses indicate various mixtures of two dominant components: hydrothermal Mn oxide for the stratabound Mn and detrital aluminosilicate for the Mn-cemented sandstone; and two minor components, hydrothermal Fe oxyhydroxide and biocarbonate/biosilica. Our conceptual model shows that Mn mineralization was produced by hydrothermal convection cells within arc volcanoes and sedimentary prisms that occur along the flanks and within calderas. The main source of hydrothermal fluid was seawater that penetrated through fractures, faults, and permeable volcanic edifices. The fluids were heated by magma, enriched in metals by leaching of basement rocks and sediments, and mixed with magmatic fluids and gases. Dikes and sills may have been another source of heat that drove small-scale circulation within sedimentary prisms. C1 [Hein, James R.; Schulz, Marjorie S.; Dunham, Rachel E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bloomer, Sherman H.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Stern, Robert J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Geosci, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. RP Hein, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhein@usgs.gov; mschulz@usgs.gov; rdunham@usgs.gov; rjstern@utdallas.edu; sherman.bloomer@oregonstate.edu OI Schulz, Marjorie/0000-0001-5597-6447 NR 67 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 25 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B8 AR B08S14 DI 10.1029/2007JB005432 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321OA UT WOS:000257314100002 ER PT J AU White, JD Gutzwiller, KJ Barrow, WC Randall, LJ Swint, P AF White, Joseph D. Gutzwiller, Kevin J. Barrow, Wylie C. Randall, Lori Johnson Swint, Pamela TI Modeling mechanisms of vegetation change due to fire in a semi-arid ecosystem SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE physiological processes; shrub encroachment; modeling; fire; semi-arid; disturbance; climate change; Big Bend National Park; SEM-LAND model ID NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; GLACIER NATIONAL-PARK; SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; LARREA-TRIDENTATA; WATER-USE; PHENOLOGICAL PATTERNS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; AMERICAN SOUTHWEST AB Vegetation growth and community composition in semi-arid environments is determined by water availability and carbon assimilation mechanisms specific to different plant types. Disturbance also impacts vegetation productivity and composition dependent on area affected, intensity, and frequency factors. In this study, a new spatially explicit ecosystem model is presented for the purpose of simulating vegetation cover type changes associated with fire disturbance in the northern Chihuahuan Desert region. The model is called the Landscape and Fire Simulator (LAFS) and represents physiological activity of six functional plant types incorporating site climate, fire, and seed dispersal routines for individual grid cells. We applied this model for Big Bend National Park, Texas, by assessing the impact of wildfire on the trajectory of vegetation communities over time. The model was initialized and calibrated based on landcover maps derived from Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper data acquired in 1986 and 1999 coupled with plant biomass measurements collected in the field during 2000. Initial vegetation cover change analysis from satellite data showed shrub encroachment during this time period that was captured in the simulated results. A synthetic 50-year climate record was derived from historical meteorological data to assess system response based on initial landcover conditions. This simulation showed that shrublands increased to the detriment of grass and yucca-ocotillo vegetation cover types indicating an ecosystem-level trajectory for shrub encroachment. our analysis of simulated fires also showed that fires significantly reduced site biomass components including leaf area, stem, and seed biomass in this semi-arid ecosystem. in contrast to other landscape simulation models, this new model incorporates detailed physiological responses of functional plant types that will allow us to simulated the impact of increased atmospheric CO2 occurring with climate change coupled with fire disturbance. Simulations generated from this model are expected to be the subject of subsequent studies on landscape dynamics with specific regard to prediction of wildlife distributions associated with fire management and climate change. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [White, Joseph D.; Gutzwiller, Kevin J.; Swint, Pamela] Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Barrow, Wylie C.; Randall, Lori Johnson] USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP White, JD (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, 1 Bear Pl 97388, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM Joseph_D_White@baylor.edu NR 94 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUN 24 PY 2008 VL 214 IS 2-4 BP 181 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.02.032 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 311NX UT WOS:000256608000009 ER PT J AU Michael, HA Voss, CI AF Michael, Holly A. Voss, Clifford I. TI Evaluation of the sustainability of deep groundwater as an arsenic-safe resource in the Bengal Basin SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE modeling; hydrology; water resources management; sustainable development; transboundary aquifer ID MITIGATION OPTIONS; DRINKING-WATER; BANGLADESH; ARAIHAZAR; AQUIFERS; PADDIES; WELLS AB Tens of millions of people in the Bengal Basin region of Bangladesh and India drink groundwater containing unsafe concentrations of arsenic. This high-arsenic groundwater is produced from shallow (<100 m) depths by domestic and irrigation wells in the Bengal Basin aquifer system. The government of Bangladesh has begun to install wells to depths of >150 m where groundwater arsenic concentrations are nearly uniformly low, and many more wells are needed, however, the sustainability of deep, arsenic-safe groundwater has not been previously assessed. Deeper pumping could induce downward migration of dissolved arsenic, permanently destroying the deep resource. Here, it is shown, through quantitative, large-scale hydrogeologic analysis and simulation of the entire basin, that the deeper part of the aquifer system may provide a sustainable source of arsenic-safe water if its utilization is limited to domestic supply. Simulations provide two explanations for this result: deep domestic pumping only slightly perturbs the deep groundwater flow system, and substantial shallow pumping for irrigation forms a hydraulic barrier that protects deeper resources from shallow arsenic sources. Additional analysis indicates that this simple management approach could provide arsenic-safe drinking water to >90% of the arsenic-impacted region over a 1,000-year timescale. This insight may assist water-resources managers in alleviating one of the world's largest groundwater contamination problems. C1 [Michael, Holly A.; Voss, Clifford I.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Michael, HA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM hmichael@udel.edu RI Michael, Holly/F-8447-2010 NR 28 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 29 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 24 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 25 BP 8531 EP 8536 DI 10.1073/pnas.0710477105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 319TA UT WOS:000257185700010 PM 18562284 ER PT J AU Tromp-van Meerveld, HJ James, AL McDonnell, JJ Peters, NE AF Tromp-van Meerveld, H. J. James, A. L. McDonnell, J. J. Peters, N. E. TI A reference data set of hillslope rainfall-runoff response, Panola Mountain Research Watershed, United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE STORM FLOW; SOIL-DEPTH; GEORGIA; TOPOGRAPHY; USA; SCALE AB Although many hillslope hydrologic investigations have been conducted in different climate, topographic, and geologic settings, subsurface stormflow remains a poorly characterized runoff process. Few, if any, of the existing data sets from these hillslope investigations are available for use by the scientific community for model development and validation or conceptualization of subsurface stormflow. We present a high-resolution spatial and temporal rainfall-runoff data set generated from the Panola Mountain Research Watershed trenched experimental hillslope. The data set includes surface and subsurface ( bedrock surface) topographic information and time series of lateral subsurface flow at the trench, rainfall, and subsurface moisture content ( distributed soil moisture content and groundwater levels) from January to June 2002. C1 [Tromp-van Meerveld, H. J.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Geog, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [James, A. L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Peters, N. E.] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. [McDonnell, J. J.] Delft Univ Technol, Water Resources Sect, Delft, Netherlands. RP Tromp-van Meerveld, HJ (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Geog, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM april_james@ncsu.edu RI James, April/D-1415-2012; van Meerveld, Ilja/C-5146-2011 OI van Meerveld, Ilja/0000-0002-7547-3270 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN 24 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 6 AR W06502 DI 10.1029/2007WR006299 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 321OR UT WOS:000257316700002 ER PT J AU Wray, JJ Ehlmann, BL Squyres, SW Mustard, JF Kirk, RL AF Wray, J. J. Ehlmann, B. L. Squyres, S. W. Mustard, J. F. Kirk, R. L. TI Compositional stratigraphy of clay-bearing layered deposits at Mawrth Vallis, Mars SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Phyllosilicates have previously been detected in layered outcrops in and around the Martian outflow channel Mawrth Vallis. CRISM spectra of these outcrops exhibit features diagnostic of kaolinite, montmorillonite, and Fe/Mg-rich smectites, along with crystalline ferric oxide minerals such as hematite. These minerals occur in distinct stratigraphic horizons, implying changing environmental conditions and/or a variable sediment source for these layered deposits. Similar stratigraphic sequences occur on both sides of the outflow channel and on its floor, with Al-clay-bearing layers typically overlying Fe/Mg-clay-bearing layers. This pattern, combined with layer geometries measured using topographic data from HiRISE and HRSC, suggests that the Al-clay-bearing horizons at Mawrth Vallis postdate the outflow channel and may represent a later sedimentary or altered pyroclastic deposit that drapes the topography. C1 [Wray, J. J.; Squyres, S. W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ehlmann, B. L.; Mustard, J. F.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Wray, JJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jwray@astro.cornell.edu RI Wray, James/B-8457-2008 OI Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179 NR 20 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 21 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 AR L12202 DI 10.1029/2008GL034385 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 317XC UT WOS:000257052700008 ER PT J AU Juckem, PF Hunt, RJ Anderson, MP Robertson, DM AF Juckem, Paul F. Hunt, Randall J. Anderson, Mary P. Robertson, Date M. TI Effects of climate and land management change on streamflow in the driftless area of Wisconsin SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE streamflow trends; climate change; land use/land management; hydrogeology; Driftless Area ID UNITED-STATES; TRENDS AB Baseflow and precipitation in the Kickapoo River Watershed, located in the Driftless Area of Wisconsin, exhibit a step increase around 1970, similar to minimum and median flows in many other central and eastern USA streams. Potential effects on streamflow due to climatic and land management changes were evaluated by comparing volumetric changes in the hydrologic budget before and after 1970. Increases in precipitation do not fully account for the increase in baseflow, which appears to be offset by a volumetric decrease in stormflow. This suggests that factors that influence the partitioning of precipitation into overland runoff or infiltration have changed. A transition from relatively more intensive to relatively less intensive agricultural land use is generally associated with higher infiltration rates, and likely influences partitioning of flow. Changes in agricultural land management practices in the Driftless Area, which began in the mid-1930s, do not coincide with the abrupt increase in baseflow around 1970. Instead, the timing of hydrologic change appears to coincide with changes in precipitation, whereas the magnitude of the change in baseflow and stormflow was likely amplified by changes in agricultural land management. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Anderson, Mary P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Juckem, PF (reprint author), USGS 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM pfjuckem@usgs.gov; rjhunt@usgs.gov; andy@geotogy.wisc.edu; dzrobert@usgs.gov OI Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596 NR 38 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 355 IS 1-4 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.03.010 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 317FX UT WOS:000257006500009 ER PT J AU Alexander, CMO Grossman, JN Ebel, DS Ciesla, FJ AF Alexander, C. M. O'D. Grossman, J. N. Ebel, D. S. Ciesla, F. J. TI The formation conditions of chondrules and chondrites SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STONY COSMIC SPHERULES; ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION; FEO-RICH; POTASSIUM; SYSTEM; EVAPORATION; TURBULENCE; PETROLOGY; ORIGIN AB Chondrules, which are roughly millimeter- sized silicate- rich spherules, dominate the most primitive meteorites, the chondrites. They formed as molten droplets and, judging from their abundances in chondrites, are the products of one of the most energetic processes that operated in the early inner solar system. The conditions and mechanism of chondrule formation remain poorly understood. Here we show that the abundance of the volatile element sodium remained relatively constant during chondrule formation. Prevention of the evaporation of sodium requires that chondrules formed in regions with much higher solid densities than predicted by known nebular concentration mechanisms. These regions would probably have been self- gravitating. Our model explains many other chemical characteristics of chondrules and also implies that chondrule and planetesimal formation were linked. C1 [Alexander, C. M. O'D.; Ciesla, F. J.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Grossman, J. N.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Ebel, D. S.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Alexander, CMO (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM alexande@dtm.ciw.edu RI Alexander, Conel/N-7533-2013 OI Alexander, Conel/0000-0002-8558-1427 NR 26 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5883 BP 1617 EP 1619 DI 10.1126/science.1156561 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 315NM UT WOS:000256886700042 PM 18566282 ER PT J AU Teng, FZ Dauphas, N Helz, RT AF Teng, Fang-Zhen Dauphas, Nicolas Helz, Rosalind T. TI Iron isotope fractionation during magmatic differentiation in Kilauea Iki Lava Lake SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FE ISOTOPES; EXPERIMENTAL CALIBRATION; BASALT DIFFERENTIATION; OXYGEN FUGACITY; ICP-MS; MANTLE; MELT; MINERALS AB Magmatic differentiation helps produce the chemical and petrographic diversity of terrestrial rocks. The extent to which magmatic differentiation fractionates nonradiogenic isotopes is uncertain for some elements. We report analyses of iron isotopes in basalts from Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii. The iron isotopic compositions ((56)Fe/(54)Fe) of late- stage melt veins are 0.2 per mil (parts per thousand) greater than values for olivine cumulates. Olivine phenocrysts are up to 1.2 parts per thousand lighter than those of whole rocks. These results demonstrate that iron isotopes fractionate during magmatic differentiation at both whole- rock and crystal scales. This characteristic of iron relative to the characteristics of magnesium and lithium, for which no fractionation has been found, may be related to its complex redox chemistry in magmatic systems and makes iron a potential tool for studying planetary differentiation. C1 [Teng, Fang-Zhen; Dauphas, Nicolas] Univ Chicago, Origins Lab, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Teng, Fang-Zhen; Dauphas, Nicolas] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Helz, Rosalind T.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Teng, FZ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Isotope Lab, Dept Geosci, 113 Ozark Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM fteng@uark.edu RI Teng, Fang-Zhen/F-6420-2010; Dauphas, Nicolas/E-4568-2011 NR 26 TC 104 Z9 110 U1 6 U2 47 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5883 BP 1620 EP 1622 DI 10.1126/science.1157166 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 315NM UT WOS:000256886700043 PM 18566283 ER PT J AU Jaeger, WL Keszthelyi, LP McEwen, AS Titus, TN Dundas, CM Russell, PS AF Jaeger, W. L. Keszthelyi, L. P. McEwen, A. S. Titus, T. N. Dundas, C. M. Russell, P. S. TI Response to comment on Athabasca Valles, Mars: A lava-draped channel system SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Jaeger, W. L.; Keszthelyi, L. P.; Titus, T. N.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [McEwen, A. S.; Dundas, C. M.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Russell, P. S.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Jaeger, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM wjaeger@usgs.gov OI Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5883 DI 10.1126/science.1155124 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 315NM UT WOS:000256886700026 ER PT J AU Schmidt, ME Ruff, SW Mccoy, TJ Farrand, WH Johnson, JR Gellert, R Ming, DW Morris, RV Cabrol, N Lewis, KW Schroeder, C AF Schmidt, Mariek E. Ruff, Steven W. McCoy, Timothy J. Farrand, William H. Johnson, Jeffrey R. Gellert, Ralf Ming, Douglas W. Morris, Richard V. Cabrol, Nathalie Lewis, Kevin W. Schroeder, Christian TI Hydrothermal origin of halogens at Home Plate, Gusev Crater SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARTIAN METEORITES; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SPIRIT ROVER; MARS; ASSEMBLAGES; CHEMISTRY; CHLORINE; MAGMAS; FLUIDS; SOILS AB In the Inner Basin of the Columbia Hills, Gusev Crater is Home Plate, an 80 m platform of layered clastic rocks of the Barnhill class with microscopic and macroscopic textures, including a bomb sag, suggestive of a phreatomagmatic origin. We present data acquired by the Spirit Mars Exploration Rover by Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS), Mossbauer Spectrometer, Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES), and Panoramic Camera (Pancam) for the Barnhill class rocks and nearby vesicular Irvine class basalts. In major element concentrations (e. g., SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, and FeO*), the two rock classes are similar, suggesting that they are derived from a similar magmatic source. The Barnhill class, however, has higher abundances of Cl, Br, Zn, and Ge with comparable SO3 to the Irvine basalts. Nanophase ferric oxide (np ox) and volcanic glass were detected in the Barnhill class rocks by Mossbauer and Mini-TES, respectively, and imply greater alteration and cooling rates in the Barnhill than in the Irvine class rocks. The high volatile elements in the Barnhill class agree with volcanic textures that imply interaction with a briny groundwater during eruption and (or) by later alteration. Differences in composition between the Barnhill and Irvine classes allow the fingerprinting of a Na-Mg-Zn-Ge-Cl-Br (+/- Fe +/- Ca +/- CO2) brine with low S. Nearby sulfate salt soils of fumarolic origin may reflect fractionation of an acidic S-rich vapor during boiling of a hydrothermal brine at depth. Persistent groundwater was likely present during and after the formation of Home Plate. C1 [Schmidt, Mariek E.; McCoy, Timothy J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Ming, Douglas W.; Morris, Richard V.; Schroeder, Christian] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Ruff, Steven W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Lewis, Kevin W.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Johnson, Jeffrey R.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Gellert, Ralf] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Cabrol, Nathalie] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Farrand, William H.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Schmidt, ME (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, 10th & Constitution Ave, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM schmidtm@si.edu RI Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; Lewis, Kevin/E-5557-2012; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 OI Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; NR 74 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUN 19 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E6 AR E06S12 DI 10.1029/2007JE003027 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 317ZK UT WOS:000257058800001 ER PT J AU Sullivan, R Arvidson, R Bell, JF Gellert, R Golombek, M Greeley, R Herkenhoff, K Johnson, J Thompson, S Whelley, P Wray, J AF Sullivan, R. Arvidson, R. Bell, J. F., III Gellert, R. Golombek, M. Greeley, R. Herkenhoff, K. Johnson, J. Thompson, S. Whelley, P. Wray, J. TI Wind-driven particle mobility on mars: Insights from Mars Exploration Rover observations at "El Dorado" and surroundings at Gusev Crater SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Review ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES EXPERIMENTS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ORBITER CAMERA; SAND TRANSPORT; SPIRIT ROVER; AEOLIAN SAND; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; TUNNEL SIMULATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC DUST; MERIDIANI-PLANUM AB The ripple field known as "El Dorado'' was a unique stop on Spirit's traverse where dust-raising, active mafic sand ripples and larger inactive coarse-grained ripples interact, illuminating several long-standing issues of Martian dust mobility, sand mobility, and the origin of transverse aeolian ridges. Strong regional wind events endured by Spirit caused perceptible migration of ripple crests in deposits SSE of El Dorado, erasure of tracks in sandy areas, and changes to dust mantling the site. Localized thermal vortices swept across El Dorado, leaving paths of reduced dust but without perceptibly damaging nearly cohesionless sandy ripple crests. From orbit, winds responsible for frequently raising clay-sized dust into the atmosphere do not seem to significantly affect dunes composed of (more easily entrained) sand-sized particles, a long-standing paradox. This disparity between dust mobilization and sand mobilization on Mars is due largely to two factors: (1) dust occurs on the surface as fragile, low-density, sand-sized aggregates that are easily entrained and disrupted, compared with clay-sized air fall particles; and (2) induration of regolith is pervasive. Light-toned bed forms investigated at Gusev are coarse-grained ripples, an interpretation we propose for many of the smallest linear, light-toned bed forms of uncertain origin seen in high-resolution orbital images across Mars. On Earth, wind can organize bimodal or poorly sorted loose sediment into coarse-grained ripples. Coarse-grained ripples could be relatively common on Mars because development of durable, well-sorted sediments analogous to terrestrial aeolian quartz sand deposits is restricted by the lack of free quartz and limited hydraulic sediment processing. C1 [Sullivan, R.; Bell, J. F., III; Wray, J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Arvidson, R.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Golombek, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Greeley, R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Herkenhoff, K.; Johnson, J.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Thompson, S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Whelley, P.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Sullivan, R (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rjs33@cornell.edu RI Wray, James/B-8457-2008; Whelley, Patrick/B-9560-2012 OI Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; Whelley, Patrick/0000-0003-3266-9772 NR 134 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUN 19 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E6 AR E06S07 DI 10.1029/2008JE003101 PG 70 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 317ZK UT WOS:000257058800002 ER PT J AU Mccoy, TJ Sims, M Schmidt, ME Edwards, L Tornabene, LL Crumpler, LS Cohen, BA Soderblom, LA Blaney, DL Squyres, SW Arvidson, RE Rice, JW Treguier, E d'Uston, C Grant, JA McSween, HY Golombek, MP Haldemann, AFC de Souza, PA AF McCoy, T. J. Sims, M. Schmidt, M. E. Edwards, L. Tornabene, L. L. Crumpler, L. S. Cohen, B. A. Soderblom, L. A. Blaney, D. L. Squyres, S. W. Arvidson, R. E. Rice, J. W., Jr. Treguier, E. d'Uston, C. Grant, J. A. McSween, H. Y., Jr. Golombek, M. P. Haldemann, A. F. C. de Souza, P. A., Jr. TI Structure, stratigraphy, and origin of Husband Hill, Columbia Hills, Gusev Crater, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID ROVER; SPIRIT AB The strike and dip of lithologic units imaged in stereo by the Spirit rover in the Columbia Hills using three-dimensional imaging software shows that measured dips (15-32 degrees) for bedding on the main edifice of the Columbia Hill are steeper than local topography (similar to 8-10 degrees). Outcrops measured on West Spur are conformable in strike with shallower dips (7-15 degrees) than observed on Husband Hill. Dips are consistent with observed strata draping the Columbia Hills. Initial uplift was likely related either to the formation of the Gusev Crater central peak or ring or through mutual interference of overlapping crater rims. Uplift was followed by subsequent draping by a series of impact and volcaniclastic materials that experienced temporally and spatially variable aqueous infiltration, cementation, and alteration episodically during or after deposition. West Spur likely represents a spatially isolated depositional event. Erosion by a variety of processes, including mass wasting, removed tens of meters of materials and formed the Tennessee Valley primarily after deposition. This was followed by eruption of the Adirondack-class plains basalt lava flows which embayed the Columbia Hills. Minor erosion, impact, and aeolian processes have subsequently modified the Columbia Hills. C1 [McCoy, T. J.; Schmidt, M. E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Sims, M.; Edwards, L.] NASA Ames, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Tornabene, L. L.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cohen, B. A.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Soderblom, L. A.] US Geol Survey, Branch Astrogeol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Blaney, D. L.; Golombek, M. P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Arvidson, R. E.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Crumpler, L. S.] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. [Treguier, E.; d'Uston, C.] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, OMP, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Grant, J. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Haldemann, A. F. C.] European Space Technol Ctr, European Space Agcy, HME ME, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [McSween, H. Y., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rice, J. W., Jr.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Squyres, S. W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [de Souza, P. A., Jr.] Vallourec Res Ctr, Aulnoye Aymeries, France. RP Mccoy, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM mccoyt@si.edu RI de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Centre, TasICT/D-1212-2011; OI de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; Treguier, Erwan/0000-0002-7347-2805 NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUN 17 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E6 AR E06S03 DI 10.1029/2007JE003041 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 317ZI UT WOS:000257058600002 ER PT J AU Soderblom, JM Bell, JF Johnson, JR Joseph, J Wolff, MJ AF Soderblom, Jason M. Bell, James F., III Johnson, Jeffrey R. Joseph, Jonathan Wolff, Michael J. TI Mars Exploration Rover Navigation Camera in-flight calibration SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; PATHFINDER; SCATTERING; IMAGER; AEROSOLS; DUST; OPPORTUNITY; PARTICLES; SPIRIT AB The Navigation Camera (Navcam) instruments on the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) spacecraft provide support for both tactical operations as well as scientific observations where color information is not necessary: large-scale morphology, atmospheric monitoring including cloud observations and dust devil movies, and context imaging for both the thermal emission spectrometer and the in situ instruments on the Instrument Deployment Device. The Navcams are a panchromatic stereoscopic imaging system built using identical charge-coupled device (CCD) detectors and nearly identical electronics boards as the other cameras on the MER spacecraft. Previous calibration efforts were primarily focused on providing a detailed geometric calibration in line with the principal function of the Navcams, to provide data for the MER navigation team. This paper provides a detailed description of a new Navcam calibration pipeline developed to provide an absolute radiometric calibration that we estimate to have an absolute accuracy of 10% and a relative precision of 2.5%. Our calibration pipeline includes steps to model and remove the bias offset, the dark current charge that accumulates in both the active and readout regions of the CCD, and the shutter smear. It also corrects pixel-to-pixel responsivity variations using flat-field images, and converts from raw instrument-corrected digital number values per second to units of radiance (W m(-2) nm(-1) sr(-1)), or to radiance factor (I/F). We also describe here the initial results of two applications where radiance-calibrated Navcam data provide unique information for surface photometric and atmospheric aerosol studies. C1 [Soderblom, Jason M.; Bell, James F., III; Joseph, Jonathan] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Johnson, Jeffrey R.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Wolff, Michael J.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Soderblom, JM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jasons@lpl.arizona.edu RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; OI Soderblom, Jason/0000-0003-3715-6407 NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUN 17 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E6 AR E06S19 DI 10.1029/2007JE003003 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 317ZI UT WOS:000257058600001 ER PT J AU Buchwalter, DB Cain, DJ Martin, CA Xie, L Luoma, SN Garland, T AF Buchwalter, David B. Cain, Daniel J. Martin, Caitrin A. Xie, Lingtian Luoma, Samuel N. Garland, Theodore, Jr. TI Aquatic insect ecophysiological traits reveal phylogenetically based differences in dissolved cadmium susceptibility SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE comparative methods; evolutionary physiology; bioaccumulation; phylogeny; tradeoff ID METAL BIOACCUMULATION; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; FRESH-WATER; ACCUMULATION; COPPER; LARVAE; CD; DETOXIFICATION; INVERTEBRATES; CONTAMINATION AB We used a phylogenetically based comparative approach to evaluate the potential for physiological studies to reveal patterns of diversity in traits related to susceptibility to an environmental stressor, the trace metal cadmium (Cd). Physiological traits related to Cd bioaccumulation, compartmentalization, and ultimately susceptibility were measured in 21 aquatic insect species representing the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera. We mapped these experimentally derived physiological traits onto a phylogeny and quantified the tendency for related species to be similar (phylogenetic signal). All traits related to Cd bioaccumulation and susceptibility exhibited statistically significant phylogenetic signal, although the signal strength varied among traits. Conventional and phylogenetically based regression models were compared, revealing great variability within orders but consistent, strong differences among insect families. Uptake and elimination rate constants were positively correlated among species, but only when effects of body size and phylogeny were incorporated in the analysis. Together, uptake and elimination rates predicted dramatic Cd bioaccumulation differences among species that agreed with field-based measurements. We discovered a potential tradeoff, between the ability to eliminate Cd and the ability to detoxify it across species, particularly mayflies. The best-fit regression models were driven by phylogenetic parameters (especially differences among families) rather than functional traits, suggesting that it may eventually be possible to predict a taxon's physiological performance based on its phylogenetic position, provided adequate physiological information is available for close relatives. There appears to be great potential for evolutionary physiological approaches to augment our understanding of insect responses to environmental stressors in nature. C1 [Buchwalter, David B.; Martin, Caitrin A.; Xie, Lingtian] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27604 USA. [Cain, Daniel J.; Luoma, Samuel N.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Garland, Theodore, Jr.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Buchwalter, DB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27604 USA. EM david_buchwalter@ncsu.edu OI Cain, Daniel/0000-0002-3443-0493 NR 51 TC 87 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 39 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 17 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 24 BP 8321 EP 8326 DI 10.1073/pnas.0801686105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 317HR UT WOS:000257011200029 PM 18559853 ER PT J AU Spinetti, C Carrere, V Buongiorno, MF Sutton, AJ Elias, T AF Spinetti, Claudia Carrere, Veronique Buongiorno, M. Fabrizia Sutton, A. Jefferson Elias, Tamar TI Carbon dioxide of Pu'u'O'o volcanic plume at Kilauea retrieved by AVIRIS hyperspectral data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral data; volcanic plume; carbon dioxide; AVIRIS; Kilauea ID IMAGING SPECTROMETER AVIRIS; EMISSION RATES; MAGMATIC GAS; MOUNT ETNA; CO2; HAWAII; SO2; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; CO2/SO2 AB A remote sensing approach permits for the first time the derivation of a map of the carbon dioxide concentration in a volcanic plume. The airborne imaging remote sensing overcomes the typical difficulties associated with the ground measurements and permits rapid and large views of the volcanic Processes together with the measurements of volatile components exolving from craters. Hyperspectral images in the infrared range (1900-2100 nm), where carbon dioxide absorption lines are present, have been used. These images were acquired during an airborne campaign by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) over the Pu'u'O'o Vent situated at the Kilauea East Rift zone, Hawaii. Using a radiative transfer model to simulate the measured up-welling spectral radiance and by applying the newly developed mapping technique, the carbon dioxide concentration map of the Pu'u'O'o Vent plume were obtained. The carbon dioxide integrated flux rate were calculated and a mean value of 396 +/- 138 t d(-1) was obtained. This result is in agreement, within the measurements errors, with those of the ground measurements taken during the airborne campaign. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Spinetti, Claudia; Buongiorno, M. Fabrizia] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Rome, Italy. [Carrere, Veronique] Univ Nantes, CNRS, UMR, Nantes, France. [Sutton, A. Jefferson; Elias, Tamar] Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Spinetti, C (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Rome, Italy. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 16 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 6 BP 3192 EP 3199 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.03.010 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 316YR UT WOS:000256986400038 ER PT J AU Nevers, MB Whitman, RL AF Nevers, Meredith B. Whitman, Richard L. TI Coastal strategies to predict Escherichia coli concentrations for beaches along a 35 km stretch of southern Lake Michigan SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; WATER-QUALITY; NEARSHORE WATER; CLADOPHORA CHLOROPHYTA; RECREATIONAL WATER; HUNTINGTON-BEACH; SAND; ENTEROCOCCI; CALIFORNIA AB To understand the fate and movement of Escherichia coli in beach water, numerous modeling studies have been undertaken including mechanistic predictions of currents and plumes and empirical modeling based on hydrometeorological variables. Most approaches are limited in scope by nearshore currents or physical obstacles and data limitations; few examine the issue from a larger spatial scale. Given the similarities between variables typically included in these models, we attempted to take a broader view of E coli fluctuations by simultaneously examining twelve beaches along 35 km of Indiana's Lake Michigan coastline that includes five point-source outfalls. The beaches had similar E. coli fluctuations, and a best-fit empirical model included two variables: wave height and an interactive term comprised of wind direction and creek turbidity. Individual beach R(2) was 0.32-0.50. Data training-set results were comparable to validation results (R(2) = 0.48). Amount of variation explained by the model was similar to previous reports for individual beaches. By extending the modeling approach to include more coastline distance, broader-scale spatial and temporal changes in bacteria concentrations and the influencing factors can be characterized. C1 [Nevers, Meredith B.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Whitman, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM rwhitman@usgs.gov OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734 NR 40 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 12 BP 4454 EP 4460 DI 10.1021/es703038c PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 312XL UT WOS:000256705600037 PM 18605570 ER PT J AU Amrani, A Zhang, TW Ma, QS Ellis, GS Tang, YC AF Amrani, Alon Zhang, Tongwei Ma, Qisheng Ellis, Geoffrey S. Tang, Yongchun TI The role of labile sulfur compounds in thermochemical sulfate reduction SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THERMOCHEMISTRY; ORGANIC-INORGANIC INTERACTIONS; PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS; GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; GAS-RESERVOIRS; BASIN; MATURATION; OILS; STABILITY; CHEMISTRY AB The reduction of sulfate to sulfide coupled with the oxidation of hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide, commonly referred to as thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR), is an important abiotic alteration process that most commonly occurs in hot carbonate petroleum reservoirs. In the present study we focus on the role that organic labile sulfur compounds play in increasing the rate of TSR. A series of gold-tube hydrous pyrolysis experiments were conducted with n-octane and CaSO4 in the presence of reduced sulfur (e.g. H2S, S, organic S) at temperatures of 330 and 356 degrees C under a constant confining pressure. The in-situ pH was buffered to 3.5 (similar to 6.3 at room temperature) with talc and silica. For comparison, three types of oil with different total S and labile S contents were reacted under similar conditions. The results show that the initial presence of organic or inorganic sulfur compounds increases the rate of TSR. However, organic sulfur compounds, such as 1-pentanethiol or diethyldisulfide, were significantly more effective in increasing the rate of TSR than H2S or elemental sulfur (on a mole S basis). The increase in rate is achieved at relatively low concentrations of 1-pentanethiol, less than 1 wt% of the total n-octane, which is comparable to the concentration of organic S that is common in many oils (similar to 0.3 wt%). We examined several potential reaction mechanisms to explain the observed reactivity of organic LSC. First, the release of H2S from the thermal degradation of thiols was discounted as an important mechanism due to the significantly greater reactivity of thiol compared to an equivalent amount of H2S. Second, we considered the generation of olefines in association with the elimination of H2S during thermal degradation of thiols because olefines are much more reactive than n-alkanes during TSR. In our experiments, olefines increased the rate of TSR, but were less effective than I-pentanethiol and other organic LSC. Third, the thermal decomposition of organic LSC creates free-radicals that in turn might initiate a radical chain-reaction that creates more reactive species. Experiments involving radical initiators, such as diethyldisulfide and benzyldisulfide, did not show an increase in reactivity compared to 1-pentanethiol. Therefore, we conclude that none of these can sufficiently explain our observations of the initial stages of TSR; they may, however, be important in the later stages. In order to gain greater insight into the potential mechanism for the observed reactivity of these organic sulfur compounds during TSR, we applied density functional theory-based molecular modeling techniques to our system. The results of these calculations indicate that 1-pentanethiol or its thermal degradation products may directly react with sulfate and reduce the activation energy required to rupture the first S-O bond through the formation of a sulfate ester. This study demonstrates the importance of labile sulfur compounds in reducing the onset timing and temperature of TSR. It is therefore essential that labile sulfur concentrations are taken into consideration when trying to make accurate predictions of TSR kinetics and the potential for H2S accumulation in petroleum reservoirs. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Amrani, Alon; Zhang, Tongwei; Ma, Qisheng; Tang, Yongchun] CALTECH, Chem & Chem Engn Div, Power Environm & Energy Res Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ellis, Geoffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Tang, YC (reprint author), CALTECH, Chem & Chem Engn Div, Power Environm & Energy Res Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM tang@peer.caltech.edu RI Tang, Yongchun/G-7473-2011; Zhang, Tongwei/M-8000-2014; OI Ellis, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4519-3320 NR 49 TC 40 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 BP 2960 EP 2972 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2008.03.022 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 312MF UT WOS:000256674800016 ER PT J AU Puchtel, IS Walker, RJ James, OB Kring, DA AF Puchtel, Igor S. Walker, Richard J. James, Odette B. Kring, David A. TI Osmium isotope and highly siderophile element systematics of lunar impact melt breccias: Implications for the late accretion history of the Moon and Earth SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID LATE HEAVY BOMBARDMENT; INNER SOLAR-SYSTEM; POLYMICT BRECCIA-14321; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BALTIC SHIELD; UPPER-MANTLE; OS; RE; METEORITE; ORIGIN AB To characterize the compositions of materials accreted to the Earth-Moon system between about 4.5 and 3.8 Ga, we have determined Os isotopic compositions and some highly siderophile element (HSE: Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, and Pd) abundances in 48 subsamples of six lunar breccias. These are: Apollo 17 poikilitic melt breccias 72395 and 76215; Apollo 17 aphanitic melt breccias 73215 and 73255; Apollo 14 polymict breccia 14321; and lunar meteorite NWA482, a crystallized impact melt. Plots of Ir versus other HSE define excellent linear correlations, indicating that all data sets likely represent dominantly two-component mixtures of a low-HSE target, presumably endogenous component, and a high-HSE, presumably exogenous component. Linear regressions of these trends yield intercepts that are statistically indistinguishable from zero for all HSE, except for Ru and Pd in two samples. The slopes of the linear regressions are insensitive to target rock contributions of Ru and Pd of the magnitude observed; thus, the trendline slopes approximate the elemental ratios present in the impactor components contributed to these rocks. The (187)Os/(188)Os and regression-derived elemental ratios for the Apollo 17 aphanitic melt breccias and the lunar meteorite indicate that the impactor components in these samples have close affinities to chondritic meteorites. The HSE in the Apollo 17 aphanitic melt breccias, however, might partially or entirely reflect the HSE characteristics of HSE-rich granulitic breccia clasts that were incorporated in the impact melt at the time of its creation. In this case, the HSE characteristics of these rocks may reflect those of an impactor that predated the impact event that led to the creation of the melt breccias. The impactor components in the Apollo 17 poikilitic melt breccias and in the Apollo 14 breccia have higher (187)Os/(188)Os, Pt/Ir, and Ru/Ir and lower Os/Ir than most chondrites. These compositions suggest that the impactors they represent were chemically distinct from known chondrite types, and possibly represent a type of primitive material not currently delivered to Earth as meteorites. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Puchtel, Igor S.; Walker, Richard J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [James, Odette B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kring, David A.] Ctr Adv Space Studies, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Puchtel, IS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ipuchtel@umd.edu RI Walker, Richard/K-6869-2016 OI Walker, Richard/0000-0003-0348-2407 NR 97 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 BP 3022 EP 3042 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2008.04.006 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 312MF UT WOS:000256674800019 ER PT J AU Brantley, SL Bandstra, J Moore, J White, AF AF Brantley, S. L. Bandstra, J. Moore, J. White, A. F. TI Modelling chemical depletion profiles in regolith SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE weathering; dissolution; surface area; soils; regolith; saprolite; erosion; kinetics ID PSEUDOMORPHIC REPLACEMENT; SILICATE MINERALS; WEATHERING RATES; SURFACE-AREA; SANTA-CRUZ; TRANSPORT; CHRONOSEQUENCE; CONSEQUENCES; EQUILIBRIUM; CONSTRAINTS AB Chemical or mineralogical profiles in regolith display reaction fronts that document depletion of leachable elements or minerals. A generalized equation employing lumped parameters was derived to model such ubiquitously observed patterns: C = C-0/C-0-C-x=0/C-x=0 exp(Gamma(ini).(k) over cap .x) + 1 Here C, C-x=0, and C-0 are the concentrations of an element at a given depth x, at the top of the reaction front, or in parent respectively. Gamma(ini) is the roughness of the dissolving mineral in the parent and (k) over cap is a lumped kinetic parameter. This kinetic parameter is an inverse function of the porefluid advective velocity and a direct function of the dissolution rate constant times mineral surface area per unit volume regolith. This model equation fits profiles of concentration versus depth for albite in seven weathering systems and is consistent with the interpretation that the surface area (m(2) mineral m(-3) bulk regolith) varies linearly with the concentration of the dissolving mineral across the front. Dissolution rate constants can be calculated from the lumped fit parameters for these profiles using observed values of weathering advance rate, the proton driving force, the geometric surface area per unit volume regolith and parent concentration of albite. These calculated values of the dissolution rate constant compare favorably to literature values. The model equation, useful for reaction fronts in both steady-state erosional and quasi-stationary non-erosional systems, incorporates the variation of reaction affinity using pH as a master variable. Use of this model equation to fit depletion fronts for soils highlights the importance of buffering of pH in the soil system. Furthermore, the equation should allow better understanding of the effects of important environmental variables on weathering rates. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brantley, S. L.; Bandstra, J.; Moore, J.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, Ctr Environm Kinet Anal, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [White, A. F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brantley, SL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, Ctr Environm Kinet Anal, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM brantley@eesi.psu.edu RI Moore, Joel/G-7626-2011; OI Moore, Joel/0000-0002-5546-9610 NR 47 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 145 IS 3-4 BP 494 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.02.010 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 329EN UT WOS:000257849800035 ER PT J AU Soulsby, C Neal, C Laudon, H Burns, DA Merot, P Bonell, M Dunn, SM Tetzlaff, D AF Soulsby, C. Neal, C. Laudon, H. Burns, D. A. Merot, P. Bonell, M. Dunn, S. M. Tetzlaff, D. TI Catchment data for process conceptualization: simply not enough? SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material ID WATER-QUALITY; MESOSCALE CATCHMENT; RESIDENCE TIMES; HYDROLOGY; SCIENCE; RUNOFF; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; SCOTLAND; STREAMS C1 [Soulsby, C.; Tetzlaff, D.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland. [Neal, C.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. [Laudon, H.] SLU, Umea, Sweden. [Burns, D. A.] USGS, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Merot, P.] INRA, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Bonell, M.] Univ Dundee, UNESCO, HELP Ctr, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. [Dunn, S. M.] Macaulay Inst, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland. RP Soulsby, C (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland. EM c.soulsby@abdn.ac.uk RI Dunn, Sarah/H-3929-2011; Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009; Laudon, Hjalmar/J-3074-2013; UMR SAS, INRA/L-1751-2013; UMR SAS, Agrohydrologie/D-3726-2012; OI Laudon, Hjalmar/0000-0001-6058-1466; Tetzlaff, Doerthe/0000-0002-7183-8674 NR 51 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2057 EP 2061 DI 10.1002/hyp.7068 PG 5 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 316OE UT WOS:000256958700029 ER PT J AU Winograd, IJ Roseboom, EH AF Winograd, Isaac J. Roseboom, Eugene H., Jr. TI Yucca Mountain revisited SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Winograd, Isaac J.; Roseboom, Eugene H., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Winograd, IJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ijwinogr@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 13 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5882 BP 1426 EP 1427 DI 10.1126/science.1156399 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 312MV UT WOS:000256676400019 PM 18556535 ER PT J AU Moench, AF AF Moench, Allen F. TI Analytical and numerical analyses of an unconfined aquifer test considering unsaturated zone characteristics SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL BULK-DENSITY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; LAPLACE TRANSFORMS; DELAYED DRAINAGE; CAPILLARY-FRINGE; SATURATED FLOW; POROUS-MEDIA; STEADY-STATE; SAND AQUIFER; WATER-TABLE AB A 7-d, constant rate aquifer test conducted by University of Waterloo researchers at Canadian Forces Base Borden in Ontario, Canada, is useful for advancing understanding of fluid flow processes in response to pumping from an unconfined aquifer. Measured data include not only drawdown in the saturated zone but also volumetric soil moisture measured at various times and distances from the pumped well. Analytical analyses were conducted with the model published in 2001 by Moench and colleagues, which allows for gradual drainage but does not include unsaturated zone characteristics, and the model published in 2006 by Mathias and Butler, which assumes that moisture retention and relative hydraulic conductivity (RHC) in the unsaturated zone are exponential functions of pressure head. Parameters estimated with either model yield good matches between measured and simulated drawdowns in piezometers. Numerical analyses were conducted with two versions of VS2DT: one that uses traditional Brooks and Corey functional relations and one that uses a RHC function introduced in 2001 by Assouline that includes an additional parameter that accounts for soil structure and texture. The analytical model of Mathias and Butler and numerical model of VS2DT with the Assouline model both show that the RHC function must contain a fitting parameter that is different from that used in the moisture retention function. Results show the influence of field-scale heterogeneity and suggest that the RHC at the Borden site declines more rapidly with elevation above the top of the capillary fringe than would be expected if the parameters were to reflect local-or core-scale soil structure and texture. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Moench, AF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM afmoench@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN 11 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 6 AR W06409 DI 10.1029/2006WR005736 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 314KH UT WOS:000256807800002 ER PT J AU Roman, DC De Angelis, S Latchman, JL White, R AF Roman, D. C. De Angelis, S. Latchman, J. L. White, R. TI Patterns of volcanotectonic seismicity and stress during the ongoing eruption of the Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat (1995-2007) SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE volcano seismology; volcanotectonic earthquakes; Soufriere Hills Volcano; distal VT swarms; fault-plane solutions ID FAULT-PLANE SOLUTIONS; MOUNT-SPURR VOLCANO; MAGMATIC SYSTEM; WEST-INDIES; CRATER PEAK; DOME GROWTH; ST-HELENS; ALASKA; EARTHQUAKES AB The ongoing eruption of the Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, has been accompanied throughout by varying levels of high-frequency, 'volcanotectonic (VT), seismicity. These earthquakes reflect the brittle response of the host rock to stresses generated within the magmatic system and thus reveal interesting and useful information about the structure of the volcanic conduit system and processes occurring within it. In general, systematic changes in the rate, location, and fault-plane solutions of VT earthquakes correspond to changes in the volcano's behavior, and indicate that the main conduit for the eruption is a dike or system of dikes trending NE-SW and centered beneath the eruptive vent. To date, the eruption has comprised three extrusive phases, separated by two similar to 1-2 year-long periods of residual activity. Prior to the start of each extrusive phase, VT earthquakes with fault-plane solution p-axes oriented perpendicular to inferred regional maximum compression dominate the data set, consistent with stresses induced by the inflation of the mid-level conduit system. similar to 90 degrees-rotated VT fault-plane solutions are also observed preceding a change in eruption style from effusive to explosive in 1997. While increases in the rate of VT earthquakes precede eruption phase onsets, high rates of VT seismicity are also observed during the first period of residual activity and in this case appear to reflect the relaxation of host rock following withdrawal of magma from the mid-crustal system. Most VT earthquakes are located directly beneath the eruptive vent, although two 'distal VT clusters' were observed during the first six months of the eruption (late 1995-early 1996). Both of these distal clusters Rely resulted from stresses generated during the establishment of the main conduit system. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Roman, D. C.] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Latchman, J. L.] Univ W Indies, Seism Res Unit, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. [White, R.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Roman, DC (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, 4202 E Fowler Ave,SCA 528, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM droman@cas.usf.edu OI De Angelis, Silvio/0000-0003-2636-3056 NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 173 IS 3-4 BP 230 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.01.014 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 322CN UT WOS:000257352900007 ER PT J AU Harlan, SS Geissman, JW Snee, LW AF Harlan, Stephen S. Geissman, John Wm. Snee, Lawrence W. TI Paleomagnetism of Proterozoic mafic dikes from the Tobacco Root Mountains, southwest Montana SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE paleomagnetism; geochronology; dike emplacement; apparent polar wander; proterozoic; tectonics ID SOUTHEASTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; WYOMING PROVINCE; PURCELL SUPERGROUP; NORTHWESTERN CANADA; WESTERN MONTANA; NORTH-AMERICA; MOYIE SILLS; BELT BASIN; BREAK-UP AB Paleomagnetic data from Proterozoic mafic dikes in southwestern Montana provides evidence for two distinct episodes of subparallel dike emplacement at ca. 1450 and 780 Ma. Published geochemical data from dikes in the southern Tobacco Root Mountains has identified three distinct compositional groups, termed groups A, B, and C. Geochronological data from the group A dikes yielded a Sm-Nd age of 1448 +/- 49 Ma. Emplacement of these dikes is thought to reflect mafic magmatism. associated with extension accompanying development of the adjacent Mesoproterozoic Belt Basin. Paleomagnetic results from these dikes and a group C dike yield antipodal magnetizations with a group-mean direction of D = 225.0 degrees, I = 61.8 degrees (k = 27.9, alpha(95) = 7.7 degrees, N = 14 independent means/24 sites). The average paleomagnetic pole (8.7 degrees N, 216.degrees E, A(95) = 10.3 degrees) is considered to be primary on the basis of positive baked contact tests and similarity to poles of ca. 1.45-1.4 Ga from intrusions elsewhere in North America, but is discordant with respect to poles from age equivalent sedimentary rocks of the Meosoproterozoic Belt Supergroup. (40)Ar/(39)Ar dates from geochemical group B dikes are consistent with published U-Pb dates that demonstrate dike emplacement at 780 Ma as part of the regional Gunbarrel magmatic event. Hornblende concentrates from the group B dikes yield (40)Ar/(39)Ar apparent ages of 778-772 Ma, whereas biotite from a baked contact zone yielded a plateau date of 788 Ma. Paleomagnetic results from the group B dikes yield a mean direction of D = 301.5 degrees, I = -17.1 degrees (k = 65.7, alpha(95) = 4.0 degrees, N = 12 independent means/23 sites) with a paleomagnetic pole at 14.6 degrees N, 127.0 degrees E (A(95) = 3.2 degrees). The combination of geochronologic data, results of a baked contact test, and spatial agreement of the paleomagnetic poles with poles of similar age elsewhere in North America indicates that this is also a primary magnetization associated with dike emplacement. Paleomagnetic data from some of the Tobacco Root Mountains dikes provide evidence that they were partially to completely remagnetized during latest Cretaceous to early Tertiary time, perhaps due to thermal affects associated with emplacement of the Late Cretaceous Tobacco Root Batholith. The overall agreement of paleomagnetic poles from the Proterozoic dikes with those of age equivalent rocks elsewhere in North America and agreement of the secondary magnetization with expected directions for the latest Cretaceous/early Tertiary indicate that the rocks of the Tobacco Root Mountains have not experienced significant tilting or vertical axis rotation since the Mesoproterozoic. The new paleomagnetic poles from this study thus provide key data for refining Meso- and Neoproterozoic parts of the North American APW path. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Harlan, Stephen S.] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Geissman, John Wm.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Snee, Lawrence W.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Harlan, SS (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, 4400 Univ Dr,MS 5F2, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM sharlan@gmu.edu NR 86 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 163 IS 3-4 BP 239 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.precamres.2007.12.002 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 316EA UT WOS:000256930500003 ER PT J AU Whiting, MJ Dixon, JR Greene, BD Mueller, JM Thornton, OW Hatfield, JS Nichols, JD Hines, JE AF Whiting, Martin J. Dixon, James R. Greene, Brian D. Mueller, James M. Thornton, Okla W., Jr. Hatfield, Jeff S. Nichols, James D. Hines, James E. TI Population dynamics of the Concho Water Snake in rivers and reservoirs SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID NERODIA-HARTERI-PAUCIMACULATA; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; GARTER SNAKE; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; ECOLOGY; EXTINCTION; SIPEDON; SIZE AB The Concho Water Snake (Nerodia harteri paucimaculata) is confined to the Concho-Colorado River valley of central Texas, thereby occupying one of the smallest geographic ranges of any North American snake. On 1986, N. h. paucimaculata was designated as a federally threatened species, in large part because of reservoir projects that were perceived to adversely affect the amount of habitat available to the snake. During a ten-year period (1987-1996), we conducted capture-recapture field studies to assess dynamics of five subpopulations of snakes in both natural (river) and man-made (reservoir) habitats. Because of differential sampling of subpopulations, we present separate results for all five subpopulations combined (including large reservoirs) and three of the five subpopulations (excluding large reservoirs). We used multistate capture-recapture models to deal with stochastic transitions between pre-reproductive and reproductive size classes and to allow for the possibility of different survival and capture probabilities for the two classes. We also estimated both the finite rate of increase (lambda) for a deterministic, stage-based, female-only matrix model using the average litter size, and the average rate of adult population change, (lambda) over cap, which describes changes in numbers of adult snakes, using a direct capture-recapture approach to estimation. Average annual adult survival was about 0.23 and similar for males and females. Average annual survival for subadults was about 0.14. The parameter estimates from the stage-based projection matrix analysis all yielded asymptotic values of lambda < 1, suggesting populations that are not viable. However, the direct estimates of average adult lambda for the three subpopulations excluding major reservoirs were <(lambda)over cap> = 1.26, Si((lambda) over cap) = 0.18 and (lambda) over cap = 0.99, S (E) over cap((lambda) over cap) = 0.79, based on two different models. Thus, the direct estimation approach did not provide strong evidence of population declines of the riverine subpopulations, but the estimates are characterized by substantial uncertainty. C1 [Whiting, Martin J.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Anim Plant & Environm Sci, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. [Dixon, James R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Greene, Brian D.] SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. [Mueller, James M.] Tarleton State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stephenville, TX 76402 USA. [Thornton, Okla W., Jr.] Colorado River Municipal Res Ctr, Big Spring, TX 79721 USA. [Hatfield, Jeff S.; Nichols, James D.; Hines, James E.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Whiting, MJ (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Anim Plant & Environm Sci, Private Bag 3, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. EM Martin.Whiting@wits.ac.za RI Whiting, Martin/E-2999-2010 OI Whiting, Martin/0000-0002-4662-0227 NR 44 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD JUN 4 PY 2008 IS 2 BP 438 EP 445 DI 10.1643/CE-06-271 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 311DD UT WOS:000256579500023 ER PT J AU Massaro, M Starling-Windhof, A Briskie, JV Martin, TE AF Massaro, Melanie Starling-Windhof, Amanda Briskie, James V. Martin, Thomas E. TI Introduced Mammalian Predators Induce Behavioural Changes in Parental Care in an Endemic New Zealand Bird SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; POOR KNIGHTS ISLANDS; NEST PREDATION; CONTEMPORARY EVOLUTION; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; AVIAN EXTINCTION; OCEANIC ISLANDS; CLUTCH SIZE; INCUBATION; TEMPERATURE AB The introduction of predatory mammals to oceanic islands has led to the extinction of many endemic birds. Although introduced predators should favour changes that reduce predation risk in surviving bird species, the ability of island birds to respond to such novel changes remains unstudied. We tested whether novel predation risk imposed by introduced mammalian predators has altered the parental behaviour of the endemic New Zealand bellbird (Anthornis melanura). We examined parental behaviour of bellbirds at three woodland sites in New Zealand that differed in predation risk: 1) a mainland site with exotic predators present (high predation risk), 2) a mainland site with exotic predators experimentally removed (low risk recently) and, 3) an off-shore island where exotic predators were never introduced (low risk always). We also compared parental behaviour of bellbirds with two closely related Tasmanian honeyeaters (Phylidonyris spp.) that evolved with native nest predators (high risk always). Increased nest predation risk has been postulated to favour reduced parental activity, and we tested whether island bellbirds responded to variation in predation risk. We found that females spent more time on the nest per incubating bout with increased risk of predation, a strategy that minimised activity at the nest during incubation. Parental activity during the nestling period, measured as number of feeding visits/hr, also decreased with increasing nest predation risk across sites, and was lowest among the honeyeaters in Tasmania that evolved with native predators. These results demonstrate that some island birds are able to respond to increased risk of predation by novel predators in ways that appear adaptive. We suggest that conservation efforts may be more effective if they take advantage of the ability of island birds to respond to novel predators, especially when the elimination of exotic predators is not possible. C1 [Massaro, Melanie; Starling-Windhof, Amanda; Briskie, James V.] Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, USGS Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT USA. RP Massaro, M (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. EM melanie.massaro@canterbury.ac.nz RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU Percy Sladen Fund; Brian Mason Trust; Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour; University of Canterbury [postdoctoral fellowships]; Foundation for Research, Science and Technology [UOCX0601] FX This research was financially supported by grants from the Percy Sladen Fund, the Brian Mason Trust, the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour and the University of Canterbury to J. Briskie, as well as postdoctoral fellowships from the University of Canterbury and the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology (UOCX0601) to M. Massaro. NR 55 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 39 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 4 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 6 AR e2331 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002331 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 396TO UT WOS:000262614300026 PM 18523640 ER PT J AU Ip, HS Flint, PL Franson, JC Dusek, RJ Derksen, DV Gill, RE Ely, CR Pearce, JM Lanctot, RB Matsuoka, SM Irons, DB Fischer, JB Oates, RM Petersen, MR Fondell, TF Rocque, DA Pedersen, JC Rothe, TC AF Ip, Hon S. Flint, Paul L. Franson, J. Christian Dusek, Robert J. Derksen, Dirk V. Gill, Robert E., Jr. Ely, Craig R. Pearce, John M. Lanctot, Richard B. Matsuoka, Steven M. Irons, David B. Fischer, Julian B. Oates, Russell M. Petersen, Margaret R. Fondell, Thomas F. Rocque, Deborah A. Pedersen, Janice C. Rothe, Thomas C. TI Prevalence of Influenza A viruses in wild migratory birds in Alaska: Patterns of variation in detection at a crossroads of intercontinental flyways SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; NORTH-AMERICA; DUCKS; H5N1; WATERFOWL; PCR; PARAMYXOVIRUSES; SURVEILLANCE; TRANSMISSION; PERPETUATION AB Background: The global spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus has stimulated interest in a better understanding of the mechanisms of H5N1 dispersal, including the potential role of migratory birds as carriers. Although wild birds have been found dead during H5N1 outbreaks, evidence suggests that others have survived natural infections, and recent studies have shown several species of ducks capable of surviving experimental inoculations of H5N1 and shedding virus. To investigate the possibility of migratory birds as a means of H5N1 dispersal into North America, we monitored for the virus in a surveillance program based on the risk that wild birds may carry the virus from Asia. Results: Of 16,797 birds sampled in Alaska between May 2006 and March 2007, low pathogenic avian influenza viruses were detected in 1.7% by rRT- PCR but no highly pathogenic viruses were found. Our data suggest that prevalence varied among sampling locations, species (highest in waterfowl, lowest in passerines), ages (juveniles higher than adults), sexes (males higher than females), date (highest in autumn), and analytical technique (rRT- PCR prevalence = 1.7%; virus isolation prevalence = 1.5%). Conclusion: The prevalence of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds depends on biological, temporal, and geographical factors, as well as testing methods. Future studies should control for, or sample across, these sources of variation to allow direct comparison of prevalence rates. C1 [Ip, Hon S.; Franson, J. Christian; Dusek, Robert J.] Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI USA. [Flint, Paul L.; Derksen, Dirk V.; Gill, Robert E., Jr.; Ely, Craig R.; Pearce, John M.; Petersen, Margaret R.; Fondell, Thomas F.] Alaska Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. [Lanctot, Richard B.; Matsuoka, Steven M.; Irons, David B.; Fischer, Julian B.; Oates, Russell M.; Rocque, Deborah A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Pedersen, Janice C.] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ames, IA USA. [Rothe, Thomas C.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Ip, HS (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI USA. EM hip@usgs.gov; pflint@usgs.gov; jfranson@usgs.gov; rdusek@usgs.gov; dderksen@usgs.gov; rgill@usgs.gov; cely@usgs.gov; jpearce@usgs.gov; Richard_Lanctot@fws.gov; Steve_Matsuoka@fws.gov; David_Irons@fws.gov; Julian_Fischer@fws.gov; Russ_Oates@fws.gov; mrpetersen@usgs.gov; tfondell@usgs.gov; Deborah_Rocque@fws.gov; Janice.C.Pedersen@aphis.usda.gov; tom.rothe@alaska.gov OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238; Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993; Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479 NR 36 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 15 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD JUN 4 PY 2008 VL 5 AR 71 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-5-71 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 319JX UT WOS:000257161000002 PM 18533040 ER PT J AU Nelson, SM Thullen, JS AF Nelson, S. Mark Thullen, Joan S. TI Aquatic macroinvertebrates associated with Schoenoplectus litter in a constructed wetland in California (USA) SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE aquatic macroinvertebrates; aquatic plant decomposition; culm processing; Glyptotendipes sp.; Schoenoplectus spp.; treatment wetland sustainability; water quality; wetland design ID WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT; CHIRONOMUS-RIPARIUS; FRESH-WATER; DECOMPOSITION; PERFORMANCE; VEGETATION; NITROGEN; ECOLOGY; LAGOON; MODEL AB Culm processing characteristics were associated with differences in invertebrate density in a study of invertebrates and senesced culm packs in a constructed treatment wetland. Invertebrate abundance differed by location within the wetland and there were differences between the two study years that appeared to be related to water quality and condition of culm material. Open areas in the wetland appeared to be critical in providing dissolved oxygen (DO) and food (plankton) to the important invertebrate culm processor, Glyptotendipes. As culm packs aged, invertebrate assemblages became less diverse and eventually supported mostly tubificid worms and leeches. It appears from this study that wetland design is vital to processing of plant material and that designs that encourage production and maintenance of high DO's will encourage microbial and invertebrate processing of material. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nelson, S. Mark] US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Thullen, Joan S.] US Bur Reclamat, US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Nelson, SM (reprint author), US Bur Reclamat, POB 25007, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM msnelson@do.usbr.gov NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD JUN 3 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 91 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2007.12.012 PG 11 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 311NZ UT WOS:000256608200001 ER PT J AU Kulp, TR Han, S Saltikov, CW Lanoil, BD Zargar, K Oremland, RS AF Kulp, T. R. Han, S. Saltikov, C. W. Lanoil, B. D. Zargar, K. Oremland, R. S. TI Effects of imposed salinity gradients on dissimilatory arsenate reduction, sulfate reduction, and other microbial processes in sediments from California soda lakes (vol 73, pg 5130, 2007) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Kulp, T. R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Kulp, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 74 IS 11 BP 3618 EP 3618 DI 10.1128/AEM.00486-08 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 309KX UT WOS:000256460400037 ER PT J AU Naftz, D Angeroth, C Kenney, T Waddell, B Darnall, N Silva, S Perschon, C Whitehead, J AF Naftz, David Angeroth, Cory Kenney, Terry Waddell, Bruce Darnall, Nathan Silva, Steven Perschon, Clay Whitehead, John TI Anthropogenic influences on the input and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and mercury in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENTS; NITROGEN; CARBON AB Despite the ecological and economic importance of Great Salt Lake (GSL), little is known about the input and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and trace elements in the lake. in response to increasing public concern regarding anthropogenic inputs to the GSL ecosystem, the US Geological Survey (USGS) and US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) initiated coordinated studies to quantify and evaluate the significance of nutrient and Hg inputs into GSL. A 6% decrease in delta N-15 observed in brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) samples collected from GSL during summer time periods is likely due to the consumption of cyanobacteria produced in freshwater bays entering the lake. Supporting data collected from the outflow of Farmington Bay indicates decreasing trends in delta N-15 in particulate organic matter (POM) during the mid-summer time period, reflective of increasing proportions of cyanobacteria in algae exported to GSL on a seasonal basis. The C:N molar ratio of POM in outflow from Farmington Bay decreases during the summer period, supportive of the increased activity of N fixation indicated by decreasing delta N-15 in brine shrimp and POM. Although N fixation is only taking place in the relatively freshwater inflows to GSL, data indicate that influx of fresh water influences large areas of the take. Separation of GSL into two distinct hydrologic and geochemical systems from the construction of a railroad causeway in the late 1950s has created a persistent and widespread anoxic layer in the southern part of GSL This anoxic layer, referred to as the deep brine layer (DBL), has high rates of SO42- reduction, likely increasing the Hg methylation capacity. High concentrations of methyl mercury (CH3Hg) (median concentration = 24 ng/L) were observed in the DBL with a significant proportion (31-60%) of total Hg in the CH3Hg form. Hydroacoustic and sediment-trap evidence indicate that turbulence introduced by internal waves generated during sustained wind events can temporarily mix the elevated CH3Hg concentrations in the DBL with the more biologically active upper brine layer (UBL). Brine shrimp collected during the summer/fall time periods contained elevated Hg concentrations (median concentration = 0.34 mg/kg, dry weight (dw)) relative to samples collected during the spring (median concentration < 0.2 mg/kg, dw). Higher Hg in brine shrimp during the summer and fall may reflect the higher proportion of adult brine shrimp during this time period, resulting in an increased time for bioaccumulation of Hg. Eared grebes (Podiceps nigricollis) consume brine shrimp from GSL during the fall molting period. Median Hg concentrations in eared grebe livers increased by almost three times during the 3-5 month fall molting period. Selected duck species utilizing GSL have consistently exceeded the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) screening level for Hg (0.3 mg/kg Hg wet weight), resulting in the issuance of warnings against unlimited human consumption of breast muscle tissue. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Naftz, David; Angeroth, Cory; Kenney, Terry] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Waddell, Bruce; Darnall, Nathan] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Silva, Steven] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Perschon, Clay] Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Whitehead, John] Utah Dept Environm Qual, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Naftz, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM dlnaftz@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1731 EP 1744 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.03.002 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 319AL UT WOS:000257134000022 ER PT J AU Anderson, EP Pringle, CM Freeman, MC AF Anderson, Elizabeth P. Pringle, Catherine M. Freeman, Mary C. TI Quantifying the extent of river fragmentation by hydropower dams in the Sarapiqui River Basin, Costa Rica SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE dams; hydropower; Costa Rica; river connectivity; tropical; cumulative effects; fragmentation ID FLOW REGULATION; SYSTEMS; STREAM; PERSPECTIVE; AMERICA; IMPACTS; WORLD AB 1. Costa Rica has recently experienced a rapid proliferation of dams for hydropower on rivers draining its northern Caribbean slope. In the Sarapiqui River Basin, eight hydropower plants were built between 1990 and 1999 and more projects are either under construction or proposed. The majority of these dams are small (< 15 m tall) and operate as water diversion projects. 2. While the potential environmental effects of individual projects are evaluated prior to dam construction, there is a need for consideration of the basin-scale ecological consequences of hydropower development. This study was a first attempt to quantify the extent of river fragmentation by dams in the Sarapiqui River Basin. 3. Using simple spatial analyses, the length of river upstream from dams and the length of de-watered reaches downstream from dams was measured. Results indicated that there are currently 306.8 km of river (9.4% of the network) upstream from eight existing dams in the Sarapiqui River Basin and 30.6 km of rivers (0.9% of the network) with significantly reduced flow downstream from dams. Rivers upstream from dams primarily drain two life zones: Premontane Rain Forest (107.9km) and Lower Montane Rain Forest (168.2km). 4. Simple spatial analyses can be used as a predictive or planning tool for considering the effects of future dams in a basin-scale context. In the Sarapiqui River Basin, we recommend that future dam projects be constructed on already dammed rivers to minimize additional river fragmentation and to protect remaining riverine connectivity. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Anderson, Elizabeth P.; Pringle, Catherine M.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Mary C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Anderson, EP (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, 11200 SW 8th St,ECS 347, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM elizabeth.anderson@fiu.edu RI Pringle, Catherine/I-1841-2012 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 30 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 408 EP 417 DI 10.1002/aqc.882 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 321VI UT WOS:000257334200004 ER PT J AU Brooks, WE Mora, CG Jackson, JC McGeehin, JP Hood, DG AF Brooks, W. E. Mora, C. Galvez Jackson, J. C. McGeehin, J. P. Hood, D. G. TI Coal and cremation at the Tschudi burn, Chan Chan, northern Peru SO ARCHAEOMETRY LA English DT Article DE Chan Chan; coal; cremation; pRIA analysis ID COPPER AB Analyses of a 20-30 cm thick, completely combusted ash at the 25 x 70 m Tschudi burn at Chan Chan, northern Peru, contain 52-55 wt% SiO(2), 180-210 ppm zirconium and are consistent with coal ash. Soil geochemistry across the burn showed elevated calcium and phosphorus content, possible evidence for reported human cremation. A calcined, 5 g, 4.5 cm skull fragment recovered from the burn was confirmed as human by protein radioimmunoassay (pRIA). X-ray diffraction showed that the bone had been heated to 520 degrees C. The burn took place c. ad 1312-1438 based on interpretation of a (14)C date on carbonized plant tinder. C1 [Brooks, W. E.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Mora, C. Galvez] Inst Nacl Cultura, Trujillo, Peru. [Jackson, J. C.; McGeehin, J. P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hood, D. G.] MicroAnalyt LLC, Miami, FL 33156 USA. RP Brooks, WE (reprint author), George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM webgeology@aim.com NR 83 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0003-813X J9 ARCHAEOMETRY JI Archaeometry PD JUN PY 2008 VL 50 BP 495 EP 515 DI 10.1111/j.1475-4754.2007.00358.x PN 3 PG 21 WC Archaeology; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Archaeology; Chemistry; Geology GA 295LK UT WOS:000255475800006 ER PT J AU Neubaum, MA Shankar, V Douglas, MR Douglas, ME O'Shea, TJ Rupprecht, CE AF Neubaum, M. A. Shankar, V. Douglas, M. R. Douglas, M. E. O'Shea, T. J. Rupprecht, C. E. TI An analysis of correspondence between unique rabies virus variants and divergent big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) mitochondrial DNA lineages SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; SURVEILLANCE; COLORADO; HISTORY AB The literature supports that unique rabies virus (RABV) variants are often compartmentalized in different species of bats. In Colorado, two divergent mtDNA lineages of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) co-occur. RABV associated with this species also segregates into two clades. We hypothesized that unique RABV variants might be associated with mtDNA lineages of Colorado big brown bats. DNA was extracted from brain tissue of rabid big brown bats, the ND2 gene was amplified to determine mtDNA lineage, and the lineage was compared to a previously derived phylogenetic analysis of the RABV N gene. No correspondence was found between host bat lineage and RABV variant. C1 [Neubaum, M. A.] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Neubaum, M. A.; Douglas, M. R.; Douglas, M. E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Shankar, V.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Shankar, V.; Rupprecht, C. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [O'Shea, T. J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Neubaum, MA (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Melissa.Neubaum@aphis.usda.gov OI Douglas, Michael/0000-0001-9670-7825 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 153 IS 6 BP 1139 EP 1142 DI 10.1007/s00705-008-0081-2 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 304DA UT WOS:000256089000015 PM 18398562 ER PT J AU Guo, S Leighton, H AF Guo, Song Leighton, Henry TI Satellite-derived aerosol radiative forcing from the 2004 British Columbia wildfires SO ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; MEASURING MISSION SATELLITE; ENERGY SYSTEM INSTRUMENT; SOLAR-RADIATION; FLUX ESTIMATION; FOREST-FIRE; PART II; CLOUDS; SMOKE; SURFACE AB The British Columbia wildfires of 2004 was one of the largest wildfire events in the last ten years in Canada. Both the shortwave and longwave smoke aerosol radiative forcing at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) are investigated using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments. Relationships between the radiative forcing fluxes (Delta F) and wildfire aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 0.55 mu m (tau(0.55)) are deduced for both noontime instantaneous forcing and diurnally averaged forcing. The noontime averaged instantaneous shortwave and longwave smoke aerosol radiative forcing at the TOA are 45.8 +/- 27.5 W m(-2) and -12.6 +/- 6.9 W m(-2), respectively for a selected study area between 62 degrees N and 68 degrees N in latitude and 125 degrees W and 145 degrees W in longitude over three mainly clear-sky days (23-25 June). The derived diurnally averaged smoke aerosol shortwave radiative forcing is 19.9 +/- 12.1 W m(-2) for a mean tau(0.55) of 1.88 +/- 0.71 over the same time period. The derived Delta F-tau relationship can be implemented in the radiation scheme used in regional climate models to assess the effect of wildfire aerosols. C1 [Guo, Song; Leighton, Henry] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. RP Guo, S (reprint author), USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, SAIC, 2301 E 60th St N,Suite 200, Sioux Falls, SD 57104 USA. EM sguo@usgs.gov RI Guo, Song/G-1314-2012 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CMOS-SCMO PI OTTAWA PA BOX 3211, STATION D, OTTAWA, ON K1P 6H7, CANADA SN 0705-5900 J9 ATMOS OCEAN JI Atmos.-Ocean PD JUN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.3137/ao.460201 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 311EK UT WOS:000256583300001 ER PT J AU Grilo, C Bissonette, JA Santos-Reis, M AF Grilo, Clara Bissonette, John A. Santos-Reis, Margarida TI Response of carnivores to existing highway culverts and underpasses: implications for road planning and mitigation SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE carnivores; conservation; habitat connectivity; non-wildlife passages; road design ID POLECAT MUSTELA-PUTORIUS; NON-WILDLIFE PASSAGES; BANFF NATIONAL-PARK; HIGH-SPEED RAILWAY; CROSSING STRUCTURES; HABITAT USE; VERTEBRATES; LANDSCAPE; CONSERVATION; ALBERTA AB Roads with high traffic volumes are a source of animal mortality, can disrupt normal animal movements and dispersal, and may represent a potentially serious threat to wildlife population stability and viability. Retrofitting existing structures built for other purposes (e.g., drainage culverts or small below-grade access roads) to facilitate wildlife crossing by animals and to reduce mortality may be expensive if modifications to the existing structures themselves were involved. However, the environmental context surrounding these structures may influence the willingness of animals to cross, and management of some of these attributes may enhance the attractiveness of these structures. Culverts and underpasses are two common structures along roads in Portugal. We quantified the response of small and medium-sized carnivores to the presence of both types of existing passages by determining: (1) frequency of use; (2) whether use differed by type of passage, and if so; (3) by examining if associated environmental attributes might explain the differences observed. We surveyed 57 different passages along 252 km of highway with a total sampling effort of 2,330 passage trap-days. The mean passage rate for carnivores combined was 0.7 complete passages per crossing structure per day. Crossings by weasel, polecat, otter, and wildcat were infrequent or absent. Red fox, badger, genet and Egyptian mongoose used the crossing structures regularly and without obvious preference; stone marten preferred underpasses. Regression analyses showed the frequency of use by carnivores varied with structural, landscape, road-related features, and human disturbance with 17 of 26 (65%) attributes being significant. Larger passages with vegetation close to the passage entrances, favorable habitat in the surrounding area, and low disturbance by humans were important key features to regular use by the guild of species studied. Mitigation planning in areas with ecological significance for carnivores will be beneficial. Structural attributes and human disturbances are more difficult or expensive to change, even though related significantly to crossing use. Management of vegetation at passage entrances and restricting human use near passages in carnivore suitable areas may substantially improve crossing attractiveness for the guild of carnivore species. C1 [Grilo, Clara; Santos-Reis, Margarida] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Biol Ambiental, Dept Biol Anim, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Bissonette, John A.] Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Wildland Resources, USGS Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Grilo, C (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Biol Ambiental, Dept Biol Anim, C2 5 Piso, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. EM cbgrilo@fc.ul.pt RI Santos-Reis, Margarida/H-4064-2011; Grilo, Clara/H-2002-2012; OI Grilo, Clara/0000-0001-9870-3115; Santos-Reis, Margarida/0000-0002-0337-963X NR 67 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 68 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1685 EP 1699 DI 10.1007/s10531-008-9374-8 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 319YN UT WOS:000257201000009 ER PT J AU Muths, E Pilliod, DS Livo, LJ AF Muths, Erin Pilliod, David S. Livo, Lauren J. TI Distribution and environmental limitations of an amphibian pathogen in the Rocky Mountains, USA SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE amphibian decline; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; boreal toad; climate change; Rocky Mountains; temperature ID FUNGUS BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; TOADS BUFO-BOREAS; POPULATION DECLINES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; WIDESPREAD; BIODIVERSITY; TEMPERATURE AB Amphibian populations continue to be imperiled by the chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). Understanding where B. dendrobatidis (Bd) occurs and how it may be limited by environmental factors is critical to our ability to effectively conserve the amphibians affected by Bd. We sampled 1247 amphibians (boreal toads and surrogates) at 261 boreal toad (Bufo boreas) breeding sites (97 clusters) along an ill latitudinal gradient in the Rocky Mountains to determine the distribution of B. dendrobatidis and examine environmental factors, such as temperature and elevation, that might affect its distribution. The fungus was detected at 64% of all clusters and occurred across a range of elevations (10303550 m) and latitudes (37.6-48.6 degrees) but we detected it in only 42% of clusters in the south (site elevations higher), compared to 84% of clusters in the north (site elevations lower). Maximum ambient temperature (daily high) explained much of the variation in Bd occurrence in boreal toad populations and thus perhaps limits the occurrence of the pathogen in the Rocky Mountains to areas where climatic conditions facilitate optimal growth of the fungus. This information has implications in global climate change scenarios where warming temperatures may facilitate the spread of disease into previously un- or little-affected areas (i.e., higher elevations). This study provides the first regional-level, field-based effort to examine the relationship of environmental and geographic factors to the distribution of B. dendrobatidis in North America and will assist managers to focus on at-risk populations as determined by the local temperature regimes, latitude and elevation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Muths, Erin] USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Pilliod, David S.] USDA, Forest Serv Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Livo, Lauren J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Physiol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Muths, E (reprint author), USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM erin_muths@usgs.gov; dpilliod@usgs.gov; Livo@Colorado.edu OI Pilliod, David/0000-0003-4207-3518 NR 63 TC 55 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 141 IS 6 BP 1484 EP 1492 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.03.011 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 324RQ UT WOS:000257536100005 ER PT J AU Vandergast, AG Bohonak, AJ Hathaway, SA Boys, J Fisher, RN AF Vandergast, Amy G. Bohonak, Andrew J. Hathaway, Stacie A. Boys, Joshua Fisher, Robert N. TI Are hotspots of evolutionary potential adequately protected in southern California? SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE biogeography; conservation genetics; comparative phylogeography; geographic information systems; reserve design ID COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; FLORISTIC PROVINCE; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; DIVERSIFICATION; HISTORY AB Reserves are often designed to protect rare habitats, or "typical" exemplars of ecoregions and geomorphic provinces. This approach focuses on current patterns of organismal and ecosystem-level biodiversity, but typically ignores the evolutionary processes that control the gain and loss of biodiversity at these and other levels (e.g., genetic, ecological). In order to include evolutionary processes in conservation planning efforts, their spatial components must first be identified and mapped. We describe a GIS-based approach for explicitly mapping patterns of genetic divergence and diversity for multiple species (a "multi-species genetic landscape"). Using this approach, we analyzed mitochondrial DNA datasets from 21 vertebrate and invertebrate species in southern California to identify areas with common phylogeographic breaks and high intrapopulation diversity. The result is an evolutionary. framework for southern California within which patterns of genetic diversity can be analyzed in the context of historical processes, future evolutionary potential and current reserve design. Our multi-species genetic landscapes pinpoint six hotspots where interpopulation genetic divergence is consistently high, five evolutionary hotspots within which genetic connectivity is high, and three hotspots where intrapopulation genetic diversity is high. These 14 hotspots can be grouped into eight geographic areas, of which five largely are unprotected at this time. The multi-species genetic landscape approach may provide an avenue to readily incorporate measures of evolutionary process into GIS-based systematic conservation assessment and land-use planning. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Vandergast, Amy G.; Hathaway, Stacie A.; Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Bohonak, Andrew J.; Boys, Joshua] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Vandergast, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM avandergast@usgs.gov; bohonak@sciences.sdsu.edu; sahathaway@usgs.gov; boysjosh@msu.edu; rfisher@usgs.gov OI Vandergast, Amy/0000-0002-7835-6571 NR 103 TC 55 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 141 IS 6 BP 1648 EP 1664 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.04.009 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 324RQ UT WOS:000257536100019 ER PT J AU Royle, JA AF Royle, J. Andrew TI Modeling individual effects in the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model: A state-space formulation SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE animal demography; capture-recapture; Cormack-Jolly-Seber; CJS; survival estimation; WinBUGS ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; SURVIVAL RATES; OCCUPANCY MODELS; HETEROGENEITY; PROBABILITIES; EVOLUTIONARY; POPULATION AB In population and evolutionary biology, there exists considerable interest in individual heterogeneity in parameters of demographic models for open populations. However, flexible and practical solutions to the development of such models have proven to be elusive. In this article, I provide a state-space formulation of open population capture-recapture models with individual effects. The state-space formulation provides a generic and flexible framework for modeling and inference in models with individual effects, and it yields a practical means of estimation in these complex problems via contemporary methods of Markov chain Monte Carlo. A straightforward implementation can be achieved in the software package WinBUGS. I provide an analysis of a simple model with constant parameter detection and survival probability parameters. A second example is based on data from a 7-year study of European dippers, in which a model with year and individual effects is fitted. C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 32 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-341X EI 1541-0420 J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD JUN PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 BP 364 EP 370 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2007.00891.x PG 7 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 302HN UT WOS:000255959500005 PM 17725811 ER PT J AU Dorazio, RM Mukherjee, B Zhang, L Ghosh, M Jelks, HL Jordan, F AF Dorazio, Robert M. Mukherjee, Bhramar Zhang, Li Ghosh, Malay Jelks, Howard L. Jordan, Frank TI Modeling unobserved sources of heterogeneity in animal abundance using a Dirichlet process prior SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE abundance heterogeneity; Bayesian nonparametrics; empirical Bayes; model uncertainty; Okaloosa darter; removal sampling ID DETECTION PROBABILITIES; NONPARAMETRIC PROBLEMS; DENSITY-ESTIMATION; BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; SAMPLING METHODS; PROCESS MIXTURE; POPULATION; SIZE; RATES AB In surveys of natural populations of animals, a sampling protocol is often spatially replicated to collect a representative sample of the population. In these surveys, differences in abundance of animals among sample locations may induce spatial heterogeneity in the counts associated with a particular sampling protocol. For some species, the sources of heterogeneity in abundance may be unknown or unmeasurable, leading one to specify the variation in abundance among sample locations stochastically. However, choosing a parametric model for the distribution of unmeasured heterogeneity is potentially subject to error and can have profound effects on predictions of abundance at unsampled locations. In this article, we develop an alternative approach wherein a Dirichlet process prior is assumed for the distribution of latent abundances. This approach allows for uncertainty in model specification and for natural clustering in the distribution of abundances in a data-adaptive way. We apply this approach in an analysis of counts based on removal samples of an endangered fish species, the Okaloosa darter. Results of our data analysis and simulation studies suggest that our implementation of the Dirichlet process prior has several attractive features not shared by conventional, fully parametric alternatives. C1 [Dorazio, Robert M.] Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Dorazio, Robert M.] Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Mukherjee, Bhramar] Univ Michigan, Dept Biostat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Zhang, Li] Cleveland Clin, Dept Quantitat Hlth Sci, Cleveland, OH USA. [Ghosh, Malay] Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Jelks, Howard L.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Jordan, Frank] Loyola Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Dorazio, RM (reprint author), Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM bdorazio@ufl.edu NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD JUN PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 BP 635 EP 644 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2007.00873.x PG 10 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 302HN UT WOS:000255959500038 PM 17680831 ER PT J AU Chapin, FS Trainor, SF Huntington, O Lovecraft, AL Zavaleta, E Natcher, DC McGuire, AD Nelson, JL Ray, L Calef, M Fresco, N Huntington, H Rupp, TS Dewilde, L Naylor, RL AF Chapin, F. Stuart, III Trainor, Sarah F. Huntington, Orville Lovecraft, Amy L. Zavaleta, Erika Natcher, David C. McGuire, A. David Nelson, Joanna L. Ray, Lily Calef, Monika Fresco, Nancy Huntington, Henry Rupp, T. Scott Dewilde, La'ona Naylor, Rosamond L. TI Increasing wildfire in Alaska's boreal forest: Pathways to potential solutions of a wicked problem SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Alaska; global change; scale; wildfire; wicked problem ID SOIL BURN SEVERITY; INTERIOR ALASKA; HUMAN IMPACTS; BLACK SPRUCE; FIRE REGIME; CLIMATE; POLICY; REGENERATION; VARIABILITY; STRATEGIES AB Recent global environmental and social changes have created a set of "wicked problems" for which there are no optimal solutions. In this article, we illustrate the wicked nature of such problems by describing the effects of global warming on the wildfire regime and indigenous communities in Alaska, and we suggest an approach for minimizing negative impacts and maximizing positive outcomes. Warming has led to an increase in the areal extent of wildfire in Alaska, which increases fire risk to rural indigenous communities and reduces short-term subsistence opportunities. Continuing the current fire suppression policy would minimize these negative impacts, but it would also create secondary problems near communities associated with fuel buildup and contribute to a continuing decline in subsistence opportunities. Collaborations between communities and agencies to harvest flammable fuels for heating and electrical power generation near communities, and to use wild land fire for habitat enhancement in surrounding forests, could reduce community vulnerability to both the direct and the indirect effects of global climate change. C1 [Chapin, F. Stuart, III] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Trainor, Sarah F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Ctr Climate Assessment & Policy, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Lovecraft, Amy L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Polit Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Fresco, Nancy] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Scenarios Network Alaska Planning, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Rupp, T. Scott] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Dewilde, La'ona] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Resilience Adaptat Program, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Huntington, Orville] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Native Sci Commiss, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Huntington, Orville] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Huslia Tribal Council, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Zavaleta, Erika; Nelson, Joanna L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Natcher, David C.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Agr Econ, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [Ray, Lily] Clark Univ, Dept Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Ray, Lily] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Resilience & Adaptat Program, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Calef, Monika] SUNY Albany, Dept Geog & Planning, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Huntington, Henry] Huntington Consulting Eagle River, Huntington, AR USA. [Naylor, Rosamond L.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Naylor, Rosamond L.] Stanford Univ, Freeman Spogli Inst Int Studies, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Chapin, FS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM terry.chapin@uaf.edu OI Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 NR 58 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 37 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUN PY 2008 VL 58 IS 6 BP 531 EP 540 DI 10.1641/B580609 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 310ZI UT WOS:000256569200009 ER PT J AU Harmsen, S Hartzell, S Liu, PC AF Harmsen, Stephen Hartzell, Stephen Liu, Pengcheng TI Simulated ground motion in Santa Clara valley, California, and vicinity from M >= 6.7 scenario earthquakes SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 1989 LOMA-PRIETA; 1994 NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE; STOCHASTIC FAULT MODEL; BAND TIME HISTORIES; FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE; CALAVERAS FAULT; RUPTURE PROCESS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; WAVE-PROPAGATION; HAYWARD FAULT AB Models of the Santa Clara Valley (SCV) 3D velocity structure and 3D finite-difference software are used to predict ground motions from scenario earthquakes on the San Andreas (SAF), Monte Vista/Shannon, South Hayward, and Calaveras faults. Twenty different scenario ruptures are considered that explore different source models with alternative hypocenters, fault dimensions, and rupture velocities and three different velocity models. Ground motion from the full wave field up to 1 Hz is exhibited as maps of peak horizontal velocity and pseudospectral acceleration at periods of 1, 3, and 5 sec. Basin edge effects and amplification in sedimentary basins of the SCV are observed that exhibit effects from shallow sediments with relatively low shear-wave velocity (330 m/sec). Scenario earthquakes have been simulated for events with the following magnitudes: (1) M 6.8-7.4 Calaveras sources, (2) M 6.7-6.9 South Hayward sources, (3) M 6.7 Monte Vista/Shannon sources, and (4) M 7.1-7.2 Peninsula segment of the SAF sources. Ground motions are strongly influenced by source parameters such as rupture velocity, rise time, maximum depth of rupture, hypocenter, and source directivity. Cenozoic basins also exert a strong influence on ground motion. For example, the Evergreen Basin on the northeastern side of the SCV is especially responsive to 3-5-sec energy from most scenario earthquakes. The Cupertino Basin on the southwestern edge of the SCV tends to be highly excited by many Peninsula and Monte Vista fault scenarios. Sites over the interior of the Evergreen Basin can have long-duration coda that reflect the trapping of seismic energy within this basin. Plausible scenarios produce predominantly 5-sec wave trains with greater than 30 cm/sec sustained ground-motion amplitude with greater than 30 sec duration within the Evergreen Basin. C1 [Harmsen, Stephen; Hartzell, Stephen] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Liu, Pengcheng] US Bur Reclamat, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Harmsen, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 76 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 98 IS 3 BP 1243 EP 1271 DI 10.1785/0120060230 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 307GH UT WOS:000256306900011 ER PT J AU Lawrence, Z Bodin, P Langston, CA Pearce, F Gomberg, J Johnson, PA Menq, FY Brackman, T AF Lawrence, Zack Bodin, Paul Langston, Charles A. Pearce, Fred Gomberg, Joan Johnson, Paul A. Menq, Farn-Yuh Brackman, Thomas TI Induced dynamic nonlinear ground response at Garner Valley, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; SITE RESPONSE; SURFACE-WAVES; EARTHQUAKE; MOTION; STRAIN; ELASTICITY; SEDIMENTS; BOREHOLES; ARRAYS AB We present results from a prototype experiment in which we actively induce, observe, and quantify in situ nonlinear sediment response in the near surface. This experiment was part of a suite of experiments conducted during August 2004 in Garner Valley, California, using a large mobile shaker truck from the Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) facility. We deployed a dense accelerometer array within meters of the mobile shaker truck to replicate a controlled, laboratory-style soil dynamics experiment in order to observe wave-amplitude-dependent sediment properties. Ground motion exceeding 1g acceleration was produced near the shaker truck. The wave field was dominated by Rayleigh surface waves and ground motions were strong enough to produce observable nonlinear changes in wave velocity. We found that as the force load of the shaker increased, the Rayleigh-wave phase velocity decreased by as much as similar to 30% at the highest frequencies used (up to 30 Hz). Phase velocity dispersion curves were inverted for S-wave velocity as a function of depth using a simple isotropic elastic model to estimate the depth dependence of changes to the velocity structure. The greatest change in velocity occurred nearest the surface, within the upper 4 m. These estimated S-wave velocity values were used with estimates of surface strain to compare with laboratory-based shear modulus reduction measurements from the same site. Our results suggest that it may be possible to characterize nonlinear soil properties in situ using a noninvasive field technique. C1 [Lawrence, Zack; Langston, Charles A.] Univ Memphis, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Bodin, Paul] Univ Washington, Dept Earth Sci, Pacific NW Seism Network, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pearce, Fred] MIT, Earth Resources Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gomberg, Joan] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Johnson, Paul A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Menq, Farn-Yuh] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Engn, Geotech Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Lawrence, Z (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, 3876 Cent Ave,Suite 1, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. OI Johnson, Paul/0000-0002-0927-4003 NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 98 IS 3 BP 1412 EP 1428 DI 10.1785/0120070124 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 307GH UT WOS:000256306900021 ER PT J AU Wheeler, RL AF Wheeler, Russell L. TI Paleoseismic targets, seismic hazard, and urban areas in the central and eastern United States SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STABLE CONTINENTAL REGIONS; MOMENT ASSESSMENT; LIQUEFACTION EVIDENCE; EARTHQUAKES; HOLOCENE; ILLINOIS; ZONE; USA AB Published geologic information from the central and eastern United States identifies 83 faults, groups of sand blows, named seismic zones, and other geological features as known or suspected products of Quaternary tectonic faulting. About one fifth of the features are known to contain faulted Quaternary materials or seismically induced liquefaction phenomena, but the origin and associated seismic hazard of most of the other features remain uncertain. Most of the features are in or near large urban areas. The largest cluster of features is in the Boston - Washington urban corridor (2005 estimated population: 50 million). The proximity of most features to populous areas identifies paleoseismic targets with potential to impact urban-hazard estimates. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Wheeler, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 966,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM wheeler@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 98 IS 3 BP 1572 EP 1580 DI 10.1785/0120060007 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 307GH UT WOS:000256306900033 ER PT J AU Short, TM Deweese, LR Dubrovsky, NM AF Short, Terry M. Deweese, Lawrence R. Dubrovsky, Neil M. TI Discrimination of trait-based characteristics by trace element bioaccumulation in riverine fishes SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISH; CONTAMINANT-BIOMONITORING-PROGRAM; BLUEGILL LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; HEAVY-METALS; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; CADMIUM ACCUMULATION; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; SPECIES TRAITS AB Relations between tissue trace element concentrations and species traits were examined for 45 fish species to determine the extent to which trait-based characteristics accounted for relative differences among species in trace element bioaccumulation. Percentages of fish species correctly classified by discriminant analysis according to traits predicted by tissue trace element concentrations ranged from 72% to 87%. Tissue concentrations of copper, mercury, selenium, and zinc appeared to have the greatest overall influence on differentiating species according to trait characteristics. Discrimination of trait characteristics did not appear to be strongly influenced by local sources of trace elements in the streambed sediment. Bioaccumulation was greatest for those species classified as primarily detritivores, having relatively large adult body size, considered nonmigratory with respect to reproductive strategy, occurring mostly in large or variable size streams and rivers, preferring depositional areas within the stream channel, and preferring benthic rather than open-water habitats. Our findings provide evidence of the strong relationship between bioaccumulation of environmental trace elements and trait-based factors that influence contaminant exposure. C1 [Short, Terry M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Deweese, Lawrence R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Dubrovsky, Neil M.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Short, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tmshort@usgs.gov NR 88 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 65 IS 6 BP 1087 EP 1100 DI 10.1139/F08-036 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 322ER UT WOS:000257358500007 ER PT J AU Weng, YL Gong, P Zhu, ZL AF Weng, Yongling Gong, Peng Zhu, Zhiliang TI Soil salt content estimation in the Yellow River delta with satellite hyperspectral data SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SALINITY; SPECTRA; SALINIZATION; INDICATORS; REGRESSION; TOOL AB Soil salinization is one of the most common land degradation processes and is a severe environmental hazard. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the potential of predicting salt content in soils with hyperspectral data acquired with EO-1 Hyperion. Both partial least-squares regression (PLSR) and conventional multiple linear regression (MLR), such as stepwise regression (SWR), were tested as the prediction model. PLSR is commonly used to overcome the problem caused by high-dimensional and correlated predictors. Chemical analysis of 95 samples collected from the top layer of soils in the Yellow River delta area shows that salt content was high on average, and the dominant chemicals in the saline soil were NaCl and MgCl2. Multivariate models were established between soil contents and hyperspectral data. Our results indicate that the PLSR technique with laboratory spectral data has a strong prediction capacity. Spectral bands at 1487-1527, 1971-1991, 2032-2092, and 2163-2355 nm possessed large absolute values of regression coefficients, with the largest coefficient at 2203 nm. We obtained a root mean squared error (RMSE) for calibration (with 61 samples) of RMSEC = 0.753 (R-2 = 0.893) and a root mean squared error for validation (with 30 samples) of RMSEV = 0.574. The prediction model was applied on a pixel-by-pixel basis to a Hyperion reflectance image to yield a quantitative surface distribution map of soil salt content. The result was validated successfully from 38 sampling points. We obtained an RMSE estimate of 1.037 (R-2 = 0.784) for the soil salt content map derived by the PLSR model. The salinity map derived from the SWR model shows that the predicted value is higher than the true value. These results demonstrate that the PLSR method is a more suitable technique than stepwise regression for quantitative estimation of soil salt content in a large area. C1 [Gong, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Gong, Peng] Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Gong, Peng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Weng, Yongling] Southeast Univ, Coll Transportat, Dept Surveying & Mapping Engn, Nanjing 210096, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gong, P (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM gong@nature.berkeley.edu FU Natural Science Foundation of China [30590370]; Chinese Academy of Sciences FX This research was partially supported by a major project grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 30590370) and a One Hundred Talented People grant from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The authors would like to thank Professor Tian Qingjiu, Dr. Fu Wenxue, Qi Xueyong, and Du Xindong at Nanjing University for assistance with the fieldwork. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 11 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 3 BP 259 EP 270 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 348HN UT WOS:000259201700008 ER PT J AU Connolly, B Leicht-Young, SA AF Connolly, Bryan Leicht-Young, Stacey A. TI Noteworthy collections: MISSISSIPPI SO CASTANEA LA English DT Article C1 [Connolly, Bryan] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Connolly, B (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 75 N Eagleville Rd,U-3043, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM bryan.connolly@uconn.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BOTANICAL SOC, NEWBERRY COLL PI NEWBERRY PA DEPT BIOLOGY, C/O CHARLES N HORN, SECRETARY-TREASURER, 2100 COLLEGE ST, NEWBERRY, SC 29108 USA SN 0008-7475 J9 CASTANEA JI Castanea PD JUN PY 2008 VL 73 IS 2 BP 150 EP 150 DI 10.2179/0008-7475(2008)73[150:NCM]2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 337FF UT WOS:000258420200007 ER PT J AU Lee, H Reusser, DA Olden, JD Smith, SS Graham, J Burkett, V Dukes, JS Piorkowski, RJ McPhedran, J AF Lee, Henry, II Reusser, Deborah A. Olden, Julian D. Smith, Scott S. Graham, Jim Burkett, Virginia Dukes, Jeffrey S. Piorkowski, Robert J. McPhedran, John TI Integrated monitoring and information systems for managing aquatic invasive species in a changing climate SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquatic invasive species; aquatic invasive species monitoring; climate change; information systems; niche models ID MARINE BIOINVASIONS; GREAT-LAKES; NEW-ZEALAND; DISTRIBUTIONS; HABITAT; MODELS; WATER; RICHNESS; STREAMS; POLICY AB Changes in temperature, precipitation, and other climatic drivers and sea-level rise will affect populations of existing native and non-native aquatic species and the vulnerability of aquatic environments to new invasions. Monitoring surveys provide the foundation for assessing the combined effects of climate change and invasions by providing baseline biotic and environmental conditions, although the utility of a survey depends on whether the results are quantitative or qualitative, and other design considerations. The results from a variety of monitoring programs in the United States are available in integrated biological information systems, although many include only non-native species, not native species. Besides including natives, we suggest these systems could be improved through the development of standardized methods that capture habitat and physiological requirements and link regional and national biological databases into distributed Web portals that allow drawing information from multiple sources. Combining the outputs from these biological information systems with environmental data would allow the development of ecologicalniche models that predict the potential distribution or abundance of native and non-native species on the basis of current environmental conditions. Environmental projections from climate models can be used in these niche models to project changes in species distributions or abundances under altered climatic conditions and to identify potential high-risk invaders. There are, however, a number of challenges, such as uncertainties associated with projections from climate and niche models and difficulty in integrating data with different temporal and spatial granularity. Even with these uncertainties, integration of biological and environmental information systems, niche models, and climate projections would improve management of aquatic ecosystems under the dual threats of biotic invasions and climate change. C1 [Lee, Henry, II] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Reusser, Deborah A.; Smith, Scott S.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Olden, Julian D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Graham, Jim] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Many, LA 71449 USA. [Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Piorkowski, Robert J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. [McPhedran, John] Maine Dept Environm Protect, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. RP Lee, H (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM lee.henry@epa.gov RI Dukes, Jeffrey/C-9765-2009; Olden, Julian/A-8535-2010; Graham, Jim/F-4195-2011; OI Dukes, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9482-7743; Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187 NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 575 EP 584 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00955.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 311PT UT WOS:000256612800013 PM 18577087 ER PT J AU Marsh, DM Trenham, PC AF Marsh, David M. Trenham, Peter C. TI Current trends in plant and animal population monitoring SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; government agencies; monitoring programs; nongovernmental organizations; population decline; population monitoring; sampling designs ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; PRESENCE-ABSENCE; STATISTICAL POWER; DYNAMIC DESIGN; TIME; NETWORKS; DECLINES; RECOVERY; PROTOCOL; SALMON AB Animal and plant population monitoring programs are critical for identifying species at risk, evaluating the effects of management or harvest, and tracking invasive and pest species. Nevertheless, monitoring activities are highly decentralized, which makes it difficult for researchers or conservation planners to get a good general picture of what real-world monitoring programs actually entail. We used a Web-based survey to collect information on population monitoring programs. The survey focused on basic questions about each program, including motivations for monitoring, types of data being collected, spatiotemporal design of the program, and reasons for choosing that design. We received responses from 311 people involved in monitoring of various species and used these responses to summarize ongoing monitoring efforts. We also used responses to determine whether monitoring strategies have changed over time and whether they differed among monitoring agencies. Most commonly, monitoring entailed collection of count data at multiple sites with the primary goal of detecting trends. But we also found that goals and strategies for monitoring appeared to be diversifying, that area-occupied and presence-absence approaches appeared to be gaining in popularity, and that several other promising approaches (monitoring to reduce parameter uncertainty, risk-based monitoring, and directly linking monitoring data to management decisions) have yet to become widely established. We suggest that improved communication between researchers studying monitoring designs and those who are charged with putting these designs into practice could further improve monitoring programs and better match sampling designs to the objectives of monitoring programs. C1 [Marsh, David M.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Marsh, David M.] Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Biol, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. [Trenham, Peter C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Marsh, DM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, 735 State St,Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. EM marshd@wlu.edu NR 31 TC 70 Z9 79 U1 7 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 647 EP 655 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00927.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 311PT UT WOS:000256612800021 PM 18445076 ER PT J AU Guo, QF Symstad, A AF Guo, Qinfeng Symstad, Amy TI A two-part measure of degree of invasion for cross-community comparisons SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomass; degree of invasion; exotic species; invasibility; species abundance; species diversity ID SPECIES RICHNESS; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; PLANT INVASION; DIVERSITY; INVASIBILITY; RESISTANCE; PATTERNS; SCALE; BIODIVERSITY; GRASSLAND AB Invasibility is a critical feature of ecological communities, especially for management decisions. To date, invasibility has been measured in numerous ways. Although most researchers have used the richness (or number) of exotic species as a direct or indirect measure of community invasibility, others have used alternative measures such as the survival, density, or biomass of either a single or all exotic species. These different measures, even when obtained from the same communities, have produced inconsistent results and have made comparisons among communities difficult Here, we propose a measure of the degree of invasion (DI) of a community as a surrogate for community invasibility. The measure is expressed as 2 independent components: exotic Proportion of total species richness and exotic proportion of total species abundance (biomass or cover). By including richness and abundance, the measure reflects that the factors that control invasibility affect both of these components. Expressing exotic richness and abundance relative to the richness and abundance of all species in a community makes comparisons across communities of different sizes and resource availability possible and illustrates the importance of dominance of exotic species relative to natives, which is a primary management concern associated with exotic species. C1 [Guo, Qinfeng] US Geol Survey, No Prairie WRC, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Guo, Qinfeng] So Res Stn, USDA, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Symstad, Amy] US Geol Survey, No Prairie WRC, Black Hills Stn, Hot Springs, SD 57747 USA. RP Guo, QF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie WRC, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM qguo@fs.fed.us RI Guo, Qinfeng/A-8034-2009 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 666 EP 672 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00915.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 311PT UT WOS:000256612800023 PM 18477032 ER PT J AU DeHaan, PW Jordan, GR Ardren, WR AF DeHaan, P. W. Jordan, G. R. Ardren, W. R. TI Use of genetic tags to identify captive-bred pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) in the wild: improving abundance estimates for an endangered species SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Pallid sturgeon; Scaphirhynchus; genetic tagging; PIT tags; captive breeding ID EXCLUSION AB The ability to distinguish captive-bred and natural-origin individuals in the wild is critical for evaluating the impact of captive breeding programs on natural populations. Continued persistence of endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) in the Missouri River is largely dependent on captive breeding efforts that spawn natural-origin adults in fish hatcheries and release their progeny into the wild. Prior to release, hatchery-origin individuals are physically marked so they can be distinguished from natural-origin individuals when recaptured. During the years 2004-2006, 24 unmarked juvenile pallid sturgeon tissue samples were collected in the Missouri River downstream of Gavins Point Dam, South Dakota, USA that were presumed natural-origin. However, these individuals were similar in size to hatchery-origin fish released in this area raising concerns that these individuals were actually hatchery-origin fish with lost or malfunctioning tags. We used microsatellite based parentage analysis to determine if the unmarked fish were members of hatchery families that had been released in this area. This retrospective genetic tagging approach revealed that 23 of 24 unmarked fish were indeed hatchery-origin. The origin of the remaining individual remains unknown because genetic samples were not available from all of the families released below the dam and the unassigned fish may have originated from one of these un-sampled families. These results provide important insight into the conservation status of endangered pallid sturgeon as well as provide data important for guiding management decisions. Our results also demonstrate the efficacy of using genetic tags as an alternative or complimentary approach to physically marking individuals. C1 [DeHaan, P. W.; Ardren, W. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Program, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Jordan, G. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pallid Sturgeon Recovery Coordinators Off, Billings, MT 59101 USA. RP DeHaan, PW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Program, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM patrick_dehaan@fws.gov NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 9 IS 3 BP 691 EP 697 DI 10.1007/s10592-007-9374-3 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 291IU UT WOS:000255191000019 ER PT J AU Harrison, S Viers, JH Thorne, JH Grace, JB AF Harrison, Susan Viers, Joshua H. Thorne, James H. Grace, James B. TI Favorable environments and the persistence of naturally rare species SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Rarity; species richness; climate; fragmentation; speciation; biogeography; plants AB In an era of rapid climate change, it is important to understand how naturally rare species-such as those with small geographic ranges, specialized habitat requirements, and low local abundances-have persisted in time and space. In the flora we studied, species with all three forms of rarity inhabited geographic regions with more benign climates (higher total and summer rainfall, less extreme seasonal temperatures) and larger areas of their specialized habitat within 10 km than did more common species in the same habitats. Similar differences were also seen in congener-only comparisons. We found no evidence for two nonexclusive alternatives, that naturally rare species had more extinction-resistant life history traits, or that they belonged to more rapidly speciating taxa than common species. Understanding the association of rare species with benign environments may help in the design of effective conservation strategies for geographic regions of high diversity and endemism under changing climates. In particular, our findings highlight the extra climatic sensitivities of rare species with edaphic or other specialization, and how the needs of these species may be met by either refugia or translocation strategies. C1 [Harrison, Susan; Viers, Joshua H.; Thorne, James H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Harrison, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM spharrison@ucdavis.edu FU NSF [DEB-0075369] FX We thank Hugh Safford, Kara Moore, and Ryan Boynton for their contributions to the database, Darren Johnson for assistance in coding some of the statistical analyses, and Howard Cornell and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on the article. The study was supported by NSF DEB-0075369. NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2008.00010.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V12GE UT WOS:000207586900003 ER PT J AU Knick, ST Rotenberry, JT Leu, M AF Knick, Steven T. Rotenberry, John T. Leu, Matthias TI Habitat, topographical, and geographical components structuring shrubsteppe bird communities SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SPECIES-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS; HIERARCHICAL ANALYSIS; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; RESPONSE MODEL; SPATIAL SCALE; FRAGMENTATION; HETEROGENEITY; ASSOCIATIONS; OCCUPANCY; SELECTION AB Landscapes available to birds to select for breeding locations are arrayed along multiple dimensions. Identifying the primary gradients structuring shrubsteppe bird communities in the western United States is important because widespread habitat loss and alteration are shifting the environmental template on which these birds depend. We integrated field habitat surveys, GIS coverages, and bird counts from 61 Breeding Bird Survey routes located in shrubsteppe habitats across a > 800 000 km(2) region to determine the gradients of habitat, topography, and geography underlying bird communities. A small set of habitat features dominated the primary environmental gradients in a canonical ordination; the 13 species in the shrubsteppe bird community were closely packed along the first two axes. Using hierarchical variance partitioning, we identified habitat as the most important pure (31% explained variation) or shared component. Topography (9%) and geography (4%) were minor components but each shared a larger contribution with habitat (habitat-topography 21%; habitat-geography 22%) in explaining the organization of the bird community. In a second tier partition of habitat structure, pure composition (% land cover) was more important (45%) than configuration (patch size and edge) (7%); the two components shared 27% of the explained variation in the bird community axes. Local (9%), community (14%), and landscape (10%) levels contributed equally. Adjacent organizational levels had a larger shared contribution (local-community 26%; community-landscape 27%) than more separated local-landscape levels (21%). Extensive conversion of shrubsteppe habitats to agriculture, exotic annual grasslands, or pinyon (Pinus spp.)-juniper (Juniperus spp.) woodlands is occurring along the primary axes of habitat structure. Because the shrubsteppe bird community was organized along short gradients dominated by habitat features, relatively small shifts in their available environment will exert a strong influence on these bird populations in the absence of buffering by alternative gradients. C1 [Knick, Steven T.; Leu, Matthias] Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Rotenberry, John T.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Rotenberry, John T.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Knick, ST (reprint author), Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM steve_knick@usgs.gov NR 68 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD JUN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 3 BP 389 EP 400 DI 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.05391.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 309YO UT WOS:000256496300010 ER PT J AU Wright, CK AF Wright, Christopher K. TI Ecological community integration increases with added trophic complexity SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY LA English DT Article DE ecological organization; metacommunities; levels of selection; Lotka-Volterra; predator-prey; dynamical systems ID COMPETITION; SELECTION; DYNAMICS; LEVEL AB The existence of functional biological organization at the level of multi-species communities has long been contested in ecology and evolutionary biology. I found that adding a trophic level to simulated ecological communities enhanced their ability to compete at the community level, increasing the likelihood of one community forcing all or most species in a second community to extinction. Community-level identity emerged within systems of interacting ecological networks, while competitive ability at the community level was enhanced by intense within-community selection pressure. These results suggest a reassessment of the nature of biological organization above the level of species, indicating that the drive toward biological integration, so prominent throughout the history of life, might extend to multi-species communities. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Wright, CK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources observat & Sci, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM chwright@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1476-945X EI 1476-9840 J9 ECOL COMPLEX JI Ecol. Complex. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 5 IS 2 BP 140 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.10.004 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 325XB UT WOS:000257620900008 ER PT J AU Wardwell, DA Allen, CR Peterson, GD Tyre, AJ AF Wardwell, Donald A. Allen, Craig R. Peterson, Garry D. Tyre, Andrew J. TI A test of the cross-scale resilience model: Functional richness in Mediterranean-climate ecosystems SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY LA English DT Article DE diversity; body mass; scale; discontinuity; gap rarity index ID COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE; GENE FLOW; DISCONTINUITIES; BIODIVERSITY; CONNECTIVITY; LANDSCAPES AB Ecological resilience has been proposed to be generated, in part, in the discontinuous structure of complex systems. Environmental discontinuities are reflected in discontinuous, aggregated animal body mass distributions. Diversity of functional groups within body mass aggregations (scales) and redundancy of functional groups across body mass aggregations (scales) has been proposed to increase resilience. We evaluate that proposition by analyzing mammalian and avian communities of Mediterranean-climate ecosystems. We first determined that body mass distributions for each animal community were discontinuous. We then calculated the variance in richness of function across aggregations in each community, and compared observed values with distributions created by 1000 simulations using a null of random distribution of function, with the same n, number of discontinuities and number of functional groups as the observed data. Variance in the richness of functional groups across scales was significantly lower in real communities than in simulations in eight of nine sites. The distribution of function across body mass aggregations in the animal communities we analyzed was non-random, and supports the contentions of the cross-scale resilience model. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wardwell, Donald A.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, USGS Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Peterson, Garry D.] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Peterson, Garry D.] McGill Univ, McGill Sch Environm, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Tyre, Andrew J.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Wardwell, DA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 122 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM wardwell@bigred.unl.edu; allencr@unl.edu; garry.peterson@mcgill.ca; atyre2@unl.edu RI Peterson, Garry/C-1309-2008 OI Peterson, Garry/0000-0003-0173-0112 NR 48 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1476-945X J9 ECOL COMPLEX JI Ecol. Complex. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 5 IS 2 BP 165 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.11.001 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 325XB UT WOS:000257620900012 ER PT J AU Das, A Battles, J van Mantgem, PJ Stephenson, NL AF Das, Adrian Battles, John van Mantgem, Phillip J. Stephenson, Nathan L. TI Spatial elements of mortality risk in old-growth forests SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Abies concolor; Abies magnifica; Calocedrus decurrens; competition; demography; Pinus lambertiana; Sierra Nevada; California; USA; spatial structure; tree disease; tree mortality ID INDIVIDUAL-TREE MORTALITY; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; TROPICAL FORESTS; SIERRA-NEVADA; MODELS; COMPETITION; DEMOGRAPHY; DYNAMICS; STANDS; DEATH AB For many species of long-lived organisms, such as trees, survival appears to be the most critical vital rate affecting population persistence. However, methods commonly used to quantify tree death, such as relating tree mortality risk solely to diameter growth, almost certainly do not account for important spatial processes. Our goal in this study was to detect and, if present, to quantify the relevance of such processes. For this purpose, we examined purely spatial aspects of mortality for four species, Abies concolor, Abies magnifica, Calocedrus decurrens, and Pinus lambertiana, in an old-growth conifer forest in the Sierra Nevada of California, USA. The analysis was performed using data from nine fully mapped long-term monitoring plots. In three cases, the results unequivocally supported the inclusion of spatial information in models used to predict mortality. For Abies concolor, our results suggested that growth rate may not always adequately capture increased mortality risk due to competition. We also found evidence of a facilitative effect for this species, with mortality risk decreasing with proximity to conspecific neighbors. For Pinus lambertiana, mortality risk increased with density of conspecific neighbors, in keeping with a mechanism of increased pathogen or insect pressure ( i.e., a Janzen-Connell type effect). Finally, we found that models estimating risk of being crushed were strongly improved by the inclusion of a simple index of spatial proximity. Not only did spatial indices improve models, those improvements were relevant for mortality prediction. For P. lambertiana, spatial factors were important for estimation of mortality risk regardless of growth rate. For A. concolor, although most of the population fell within spatial conditions in which mortality risk was well described by growth, trees that died occurred outside those conditions in a disproportionate fashion. Furthermore, as stands of A. concolor become increasingly dense, such spatial factors are likely to become increasingly important. In general, models that fail to account for spatial pattern are at risk of failure as conditions change. C1 [Das, Adrian; Battles, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [van Mantgem, Phillip J.; Stephenson, Nathan L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Das, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM adas@nature.berkeley.edu RI Battles, John/G-8233-2012 OI Battles, John/0000-0001-7124-7893 NR 61 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 8 U2 27 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1744 EP 1756 DI 10.1890/07-0524.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 310OZ UT WOS:000256540300027 PM 18589538 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD Allesina, S Arim, M Briggs, CJ De Leo, G Dobson, AP Dunne, JA Johnson, PTJ Kuris, AM Marcogliese, DJ Martinez, ND Memmott, J Marquet, PA McLaughlin, JP Mordecai, EA Pascual, M Poulin, R Thieltges, DW AF Lafferty, Kevin D. Allesina, Stefano Arim, Matias Briggs, Cherie J. De Leo, Giulio Dobson, Andrew P. Dunne, Jennifer A. Johnson, Pieter T. J. Kuris, Armand M. Marcogliese, David J. Martinez, Neo D. Memmott, Jane Marquet, Pablo A. McLaughlin, John P. Mordecai, Erin A. Pascual, Mercedes Poulin, Robert Thieltges, David W. TI Parasites in food webs: the ultimate missing links SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE disease; food web network; parasite ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; MASS MORTALITY; BODY-SIZE; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NETWORK STRUCTURE; SPECIES RICHNESS AB Parasitism is the most common consumer strategy among organisms, yet only recently has there been a call for the inclusion of infectious disease agents in food webs. The value of this effort hinges on whether parasites affect food-web properties. Increasing evidence suggests that parasites have the potential to uniquely alter food-web topology in terms of chain length, connectance and robustness. In addition, parasites might affect food-web stability, interaction strength and energy flow. Food-web structure also affects infectious disease dynamics because parasites depend on the ecological networks in which they live. Empirically, incorporating parasites into food webs is straightforward. We may start with existing food webs and add parasites as nodes, or we may try to build food webs around systems for which we already have a good understanding of infectious processes. In the future, perhaps researchers will add parasites while they construct food webs. Less clear is how food-web theory can accommodate parasites. This is a deep and central problem in theoretical biology and applied mathematics. For instance, is representing parasites with complex life cycles as a single node equivalent to representing other species with ontogenetic niche shifts as a single node? Can parasitism fit into fundamental frameworks such as the niche model? Can we integrate infectious disease models into the emerging field of dynamic food-web modelling? Future progress will benefit from interdisciplinary collaborations between ecologists and infectious disease biologists. C1 [Lafferty, Kevin D.] US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, UC, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Allesina, Stefano; Martinez, Neo D.] UC, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synthesis, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Arim, Matias] Univ Republica, Fac Ciencias, Secc Zool Vertebrados, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Arim, Matias; Marquet, Pablo A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, CASEB, Santiago, Chile. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ecol, Santiago, Chile. [De Leo, Giulio] Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali, I-43100 Parma, Italy. [Dobson, Andrew P.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dunne, Jennifer A.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Dunne, Jennifer A.; Martinez, Neo D.] Pacific Ecoinformat & Computat Ecol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA. [Johnson, Pieter T. J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Marcogliese, David J.] St Lawrence Ctr, Environm Canada, Montreal, PQ H2Y 2E7, Canada. [Memmott, Jane] Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol BS8 3PZ, Avon, England. [Marquet, Pablo A.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Marquet, Pablo A.; Pascual, Mercedes] IEB, Santiago, Chile. [Poulin, Robert; Thieltges, David W.] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, UC, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM lafferty@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Dunne, Jennifer/C-4714-2008; Allesina, Stefano/A-2255-2009; Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; Marquet, Pablo /B-7732-2009; Poulin, Robert/C-3117-2008; Martinez, Neo/A-5312-2008; Briggs, Cheryl/F-7456-2013; Thieltges, David W./E-5719-2015; OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; Marquet, Pablo /0000-0001-6369-9339; Poulin, Robert/0000-0003-1390-1206; Martinez, Neo/0000-0002-1130-5550; De Leo, Giulio/0000-0002-4186-3369 NR 93 TC 312 Z9 325 U1 35 U2 288 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 11 IS 6 BP 533 EP 546 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01174.x PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 296NC UT WOS:000255552100001 PM 18462196 ER PT J AU Grabowski, TB Ratterman, NL Isely, JJ AF Grabowski, T. B. Ratterman, N. L. Isely, J. J. TI Demographics of the spawning aggregations of four catostomid species in the Savannah River, South Carolina and Georgia, USA SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE catostomidae; age and growth; spawning aggregations; Savannah River ID LIFE-HISTORY; MINYTREMA-MELANOPS; SPOTTED SUCKER; NORTH-AMERICA; FISH LARVAE; GROWTH; AGE; HABITAT; SIZE; COMMERSONI AB Differences in the life history strategies employed by otherwise ecologically similar species of a fish assemblage may be an important factor in the coexistence of these species and is an essential consideration in the conservation and management of these assemblages. We collected scales to determine age and growth of four species of the catostomid assemblage (northern hogsucker Hypentelium nigricans, spotted sucker Minytrema melanops, notchlip redhorse Moxostoma collapsum and robust redhorse Moxostoma robustum) of the Savannah River, Georgia-South Carolina in spring 2004 and 2005. Robust redhorse was the largest species; reaching sexual maturity at an older age and growing faster as a juvenile than the other species. Spotted sucker did not achieve the same size as robust redhorse, but reached sexual maturity at younger ages. Notchlip redhorse was intermediate between the abovementioned two species in age at maturity and size. Northern hogsucker was the smallest species of the assemblage and reached the sexual maturity at the age of three. Both robust redhorse and spotted sucker were sexually dimorphic in size-at-age. The range of life history strategies employed by Savannah River catostomids encompasses the range of life history strategies exhibited within the family as a whole. C1 [Grabowski, T. B.] Univ Iceland, Inst Biol, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Grabowski, T. B.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Ratterman, N. L.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Ratterman, N. L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Isely, J. J.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC USA. RP Grabowski, TB (reprint author), Univ Iceland, Inst Biol, Sturlugata 7, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. EM tbg@hi.is NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JUN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 318 EP 327 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2007.00284.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 296ND UT WOS:000255552200012 ER PT J AU Grace, JB Bollen, KA AF Grace, James B. Bollen, Kenneth A. TI Representing general theoretical concepts in structural equation models: the role of composite variables SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE composites; constructs; construct models; latent variables; structural equation modeling; theoretical concepts ID COVARIANCE STRUCTURE MODELS; PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; CAUSAL INDICATORS; SCALE; FIT AB Structural equation modeling (SEM) holds the promise of providing natural scientists the capacity to evaluate complex multivariate hypotheses about ecological systems. Building on its predecessors, path analysis and factor analysis, SEM allows for the incorporation of both observed and unobserved (latent) variables into theoretically-based probabilistic models. In this paper we discuss the interface between theory and data in SEM and the use of an additional variable type, the composite. In simple terms, composite variables specify the influences of collections of other variables and can be helpful in modeling heterogeneous concepts of the sort commonly of interest to ecologists. While long recognized as a potentially important element of SEM, composite variables have received very limited use, in part because of a lack of theoretical consideration, but also because of difficulties that arise in parameter estimation when using conventional solution procedures. In this paper we present a framework for discussing composites and demonstrate how the use of partially-reduced-form models can help to overcome some of the parameter estimation and evaluation problems associated with models containing composites. Diagnostic procedures for evaluating the most appropriate and effective use of composites are illustrated with an example from the ecological literature. It is argued that an ability to incorporate composite variables into structural equation models may be particularly valuable in the study of natural systems, where concepts are frequently multifaceted and the influence of suites of variables are often of interest. C1 [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Bollen, Kenneth A.] Univ N Carolina, Odum Inst Res Social Sci, Dept Sociol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Grace, James B.] Univ Louisiana, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Grace, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM Jim_Grace@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 6 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 15 IS 2 BP 191 EP 213 DI 10.1007/s10651-007-0047-7 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 287FK UT WOS:000254902100005 ER PT J AU Juracek, KE AF Juracek, Kyle E. TI Sediment storage and severity of contamination in a shallow reservoir affected by historical lead and zinc mining SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trace elements; mining; sediment; contamination; Empire Lake; Kansas ID ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES; USA AB A combination of sediment-thickness measurement and bottom-sediment coring was used to investigate sediment storage and severity of contamination in Empire Lake (Kansas), a shallow reservoir affected by historical Pb and Zn mining. Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations in the contaminated bottom sediment typically exceeded baseline concentrations by at least an order of magnitude. Moreover, the concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn typically far exceeded probable-effects guidelines, which represent the concentrations above which toxic biological effects usually or frequently occur. Despite a pre-1954 decrease in sediment concentrations likely related to the end of major mining activity upstream by about 1920, concentrations have remained relatively stable and persistently greater than the probable-effects guidelines for at least the last 50 years. Cesium-137 evidence from sediment cores indicated that most of the bottom sediment in the reservoir was deposited prior to 1954. Thus, the ability of the reservoir to store the contaminated sediment has declined over time. Because of the limited storage capacity, Empire Lake likely is a net source of contaminated sediment during high-inflow periods. The contaminated sediment that passes through, or originates from, Empire Lake will be deposited in downstream environments likely as far as Grand Lake O' the Cherokees (Oklahoma). C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Juracek, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM kjuracek@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 54 IS 7 BP 1447 EP 1463 DI 10.1007/s00254-007-0926-0 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 299HD UT WOS:000255745800009 ER PT J AU Rush, SA Borga, K Dietz, R Born, EW Sonne, C Evans, T Muir, DCG Letcher, RJ Norstrom, RJ Fisk, AT AF Rush, Scott A. Borga, Katrine Dietz, Rune Born, Erik W. Sonne, Christian Evans, Thomas Muir, Derek C. G. Letcher, Robert J. Norstrom, Ross J. Fisk, Aaron T. TI Geographic distribution of selected elements in the livers of polar bears from Greenland, Canada and the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE contaminants; regional differences; Ursus maritimus; Arctic; metals ID MARINE FOOD-WEB; URSUS-MARITIMUS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; HEAVY-METALS; RINGED SEALS; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; MERCURY; SVALBARD; CONTAMINANTS AB To assess geographic distributions of elements in the Arctic we compared essential and non-essential elements in the livers of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) collected from five regions within Canada in 2002, in Alaska between 1994 and 1999 and from the northwest and east coasts of Greenland between 1988 and 2000. As, Hg, Pb and Se varied with age, and Co and Zn with gender, which limited spatial comparisons across all populations to Cd, which was highest in Greenland bears. Collectively, geographic relationships appeared similar to past studies with little change in concentration over time in Canada and Greenland for most elements; Hg and Se were higher in some Canadian populations in 2002 as compared to 1982 and 1984. Concentrations of most elements in the polar bears did not exceed toxicity thresholds, although Cd and Hg exceeded levels correlated with the formation of hepatic lesions in laboratory animals. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fisk, Aaron T.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Rush, Scott A.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Borga, Katrine] Norwegian Inst Water Res, N-0349 Oslo, Norway. [Dietz, Rune; Sonne, Christian] Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Arctic Environm, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Born, Erik W.] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland. [Evans, Thomas] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Muir, Derek C. G.] Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Environm Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Letcher, Robert J.] Carleton Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Norstrom, Ross J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Chem, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP Fisk, AT (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. EM afisk@uwindsor.ca RI Sonne, Christian/I-7532-2013; Dietz, Rune/L-4640-2013; Dietz, Rune/F-9154-2015; OI Sonne, Christian/0000-0001-5723-5263; Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776; Borga, Katrine/0000-0002-8103-3263 NR 48 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 153 IS 3 BP 618 EP 626 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.09.006 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314YE UT WOS:000256844300015 PM 17959286 ER PT J AU El-Rifai, H Heerboth, M Gedris, TE Newman, S Orem, W Cooper, WT AF El-Rifai, H. Heerboth, M. Gedris, T. E. Newman, S. Orem, W. Cooper, W. T. TI NMR and mass spectrometry of phosphorus in wetlands SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; INOSITOL HEXAPHOSPHATE; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; SOIL; EXTRACTION; RETENTION AB There is at present little information on the long-term stability of phosphorus sequestered in wetlands. Phosphorus sequestered during high loading periods may be relatively unstable and easily remobilized following changes in nutrient status or hydrological regime, but the chemical forms of sequestered phosphorus that do remobilize are largely unknown at this time. A lack of suitable analytical techniques has contributed to this dearth of knowledge regarding the stability of soil organic phosphorus. We analysed phosphorus in soils from the 'head' of Rescue Strand tree island and an adjacent marsh in the Florida Everglades by (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Tree islands are important areas of biodiversity within the Everglades and offer a unique opportunity to study phosphorus sequestration because they are exposed to large phosphorus loads and appear to be natural nutrient sinks. The (31)P NMR profiling of extracts from surface and sediment samples in the tree island indicates that phosphorus input to Rescue Strand tree island soils is mostly in the form of inorganic ortho-phosphate and is either refractory when deposited or rapidly recycled by the native vegetation into a stable phosphorus pool largely resistant to re-utilization by plants or microbes. Mass spectrometry revealed the presence of inositol hexakisphosphate, a common organic monophosphate ester not previously observed in Everglades' soils. C1 [El-Rifai, H.; Heerboth, M.; Gedris, T. E.; Cooper, W. T.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Newman, S.] S Florida Water Management Dist, Everglades Div, W Palm Beach, FL 33416 USA. [Orem, W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Cooper, WT (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM cooper@chem.fsu.edu NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1351-0754 J9 EUR J SOIL SCI JI Eur. J. Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 59 IS 3 BP 517 EP 525 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.01008.x PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 301TA UT WOS:000255917300011 ER PT J AU Hurwitz, S Kumar, A Taylor, R Heasler, H AF Hurwitz, Shaul Kumar, Ashish Taylor, Ralph Heasler, Henry TI Climate-induced variations of geyser periodicity in Yellowstone National Park, USA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE geyser; climate; Yellowstone; time-series analysis; hydrothermal processes; periodicity; Old Faithful ID OLD FAITHFUL GEYSER; EARTH TIDAL FORCES; BAROMETRIC PRESSURE; TECTONIC STRESSES; SEISMICITY; FLUCTUATIONS; DEFORMATION; SPRINGS; TREMOR AB The geysers of Yellowstone National Park, United States, attract millions of visitors each year, and their eruption dynamics have been the subject of extensive research for more than a century. Although many of the fundamental aspects associated with the dynamics of geyser eruptions have been elucidated, the relationship between external forcing (Earth tides, barometric pressure, and precipitation) and geyser eruption intervals (GEIs) remains a matter of ongoing debate. We present new instrumental GEI data and demonstrate, through detailed time-series analysis, that geysers respond to both long-term precipitation trends and to the seasonal hydrologic cycle. Responsiveness to long-term trends is reflected by a negative correlation between the annual averages of GEIs and stream How in the Madison River. This response is probably associated with long-term pressure changes in the underlying hydrothermal reservoir. We relate seasonal GEI lengthening to snowmelt recharge. C1 [Hurwitz, Shaul] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kumar, Ashish] Stanford Univ, Dept Stat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Taylor, Ralph; Heasler, Henry] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RP Hurwitz, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 16 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 6 BP 451 EP 454 DI 10.1130/G24723A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 308KT UT WOS:000256389500005 ER PT J AU Nordstrom, DK AF Nordstrom, D. Kirk TI What was the groundwater quality before mining in a mineralized region? Lessons from the Questa Project SO GEOSCIENCES JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Our Future Resources, Groundwater CY MAY 24-26, 2006 CL Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA HO Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources DE ground-water quality; pre-mining conditions; chemical weathering ID WATERS; ACID AB The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Mexico Environment Department and supported by Molycorp, Inc (currently Chevron Minerals), has completed a 5-year investigation (2001-2006) to determine the pre-mining groundwater quality at Molycorp's Questa molybdenum mine in northern New Mexico. Current mine-site ground waters are often contaminated with mine-waste leachates and no data exists on premining ground-water quality so that pre-mining conditions must be inferred. Ground-water quality undisturbed by mining is often worse than New Mexico standards and data are needed to help establish closure requirements. The key to determining pre-mining conditions was to study the hydrogeochemistry of a proximal natural analog site, the Straight Creek catchment. Main rock types exposed to weathering include a Tertiary andesite and the Tertiary Amalia tuff (rhyolitic composition), both hydrothermally altered to various degrees. Two types of ground water are common in mineralized areas, acidic ground waters in alluvial debris fans with pH 3-4 and bedrock ground waters with pH 6-8. Siderite, ferrihydrite, rhodochrosite, amorphous to microcrystalline AI(OH)3, calcite, gypsum, barite, and amorphous silica mineral solubilities control concentrations of Fe(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Al, Ca, Ba, and SiO2, depending on pH and solution composition. Concentrations at low pH are governed by element abundance and mineral weathering rates. Concentrations of Zn and Cd range from detection up to about 10 and 0.05 mg/L, respectively, and are derived primarily from sphalerite dissolution. Concentrations of Ni and Co range from detection up to 1 and 0.4 mg/L, respectively, and are derived primarily from pyrite dissolution. Concentrations of Ca and SO4 are derived from secondary gypsum dissolution and weathering of calcite and pyrite. Metal:sulfate concentration ratios are relatively constant for acidic waters, suggesting consistent weathering rates, independent of catchment. These trends, combined with lithology, mineralogy, and mineral solubility controls, provide useful constraints on pre-mining ground-water quality for the mine site where the lithology is known. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Nordstrom, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM dkn@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1226-4806 J9 GEOSCI J JI Geosci. J. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 12 IS 2 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1007/s12303-008-0015-8 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 323PD UT WOS:000257458100005 ER PT J AU Zhang, N Blodgett, RB Hofstra, AH AF Zhang, Ning Blodgett, Robert B. Hofstra, Albert H. TI Great Basin Paleontological Database SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Great Basin; paleontology; paleogeography; databases; web geographic information system; GIS; digital archives; fossil collections ID LOWER DEVONIAN RUGOSA; CENTRAL NEVADA; SYSTEMATICS; BIOFACIES; REVISION AB The U. S. Geological Survey has constructed a paleontological database for the Great Basin physiographic province that can be served over the World Wide Web for data entry, queries, displays, and retrievals. It is similar to the web-database solution that we constructed for Alaskan paleontological data (www.alaskafossil.org). The first phase of this effort was to compile a paleontological bibliography for Nevada and portions of adjacent states in the Great Basin that has recently been completed. In addition, we are also compiling paleontological reports (known as E&R reports) of the U. S. Geological Survey, which are another extensive source of legacy data for this region. Initial population of the database benefited from a recently published conodont data set and is otherwise focused on Devonian and Mississippian localities because strata of this age host important sedimentary exhalative (sedex) Au, Zn, and barite resources and enormous Carlin-type Au deposits. In addition, these strata are the most important petroleum source rocks in the region, and record the transition from extension to contraction associated with the Antler orogeny, the Alamo meteorite impact, and biotic crises associated with global oceanic anoxic events. The finished product will provide an invaluable tool for future geologic mapping, paleontological research, and mineral resource investigations in the Great Basin, making paleontological data acquired over nearly the past 150 yr readily available over the World Wide Web. A description of the structure of the database and the web interface developed for this effort are provided herein. This database is being used as a model for a National Paleontological Database (which we are currently developing for the U. S. Geological Survey) as well as for other paleontological databases now being developed in other parts of the globe. C1 [Zhang, Ning] GeoInformat Consulting, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Blodgett, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hofstra, Albert H.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Zhang, N (reprint author), GeoInformat Consulting, 2650 NW Roosevelt Dr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JUN PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 520 EP 535 DI 10.1130/GES00162.1 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 306OL UT WOS:000256257600004 ER PT J AU Milliman, JD Farnsworth, KL Jones, PD Xu, KH Smith, LC AF Milliman, J. D. Farnsworth, K. L. Jones, P. D. Xu, K. H. Smith, L. C. TI Climatic and anthropogenic factors affecting river discharge to the global ocean, 1951-2000 SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE global river discharge; precipitation; irrigation; Arctic; evapotranspiration; dams ID WATER AVAILABILITY; ARCTIC-OCEAN; TRENDS; PRECIPITATION; STREAMFLOW; CYCLE; 20TH-CENTURY; RESOURCES; RECORDS; GRIDS AB During the last half of the 20th century, cumulative annual discharge from 137 representative rivers (watershed areas ranging from 0.3 to 6300x 10(3) km(2)) to the global ocean remained constant, although annual discharge from about one-third of these rivers changed by more than 30%. Discharge trends for many rivers reflected mostly changes in precipitation, primarily in response to short- and longer-term atmospheric-oceanic signals; with the notable exception of the Parana, Mississippi, Niger and Cunene rivers, few of these "normal" rivers experienced significant changes in either discharge or precipitation. Cumulative discharge from many mid-latitude rivers, in contrast, decreased by 60%, reflecting in large part impacts due to damming, irrigation and interbasin water transfers. A number of high-latitude and high-altitude rivers experienced increased discharge despite generally declining precipitation. Poorly constrained meteorological and hydrological data do not seem to explain fully these "excess" rivers; changed seasonality in discharge, decreased storage and/or decreased evapotranspiration also may play important roles. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Milliman, J. D.; Xu, K. H.] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Farnsworth, K. L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Jones, P. D.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Smith, L. C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Milliman, JD (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM milliman@vims.edu RI Xu, Kehui/D-5446-2009; Jones, Philip/C-8718-2009; Farnsworth, Katherine/F-1581-2011; Smith, Laurence/E-7785-2012 OI Jones, Philip/0000-0001-5032-5493; Smith, Laurence/0000-0001-6866-5904 NR 46 TC 178 Z9 192 U1 13 U2 79 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD JUN PY 2008 VL 62 IS 3-4 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.03.001 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 317KU UT WOS:000257019900001 ER PT J AU Robertson, DM Schladow, SG AF Robertson, Dale M. Schladow, S. Geoffrey TI Response in the water quality of the Salton Sea, California, to changes in phosphorus loading: an empirical modeling approach SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Salton Sea Centennial Symposium/Symposium on Century of Symbiosis among Argiculture, Wildlife and People CY MAR, 2005 CL San Diego, CA DE eutrophication; TMDL; chlorophyll; Secchi depth; saline lake ID CHLOROPHYLL LEVELS; LAKES; PREDICTION AB Salton Sea, California, like many other lakes, has become eutrophic because of excessive nutrient loading, primarily phosphorus (P). A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) is being prepared for P to reduce the input of P to the Sea. In order to better understand how P-load reductions should affect the average annual water quality of this terminal saline lake, three different eutrophication programs (BATHTUB, WiLMS, and the Seepage Lake Model) were applied. After verifying that specific empirical models within these programs were applicable to this saline lake, each model was calibrated using water-quality and nutrient-loading data for 1999 and then used to simulate the effects of specific P-load reductions. Model simulations indicate that a 50% decrease in external P loading would decrease near-surface total phosphorus concentrations (TP) by 25-50%. Application of other empirical models demonstrated that this decrease in loading should decrease near-surface chlorophyll a concentrations (Chl a) by 17-63% and increase Secchi depths (SD) by 38-97%. The wide range in estimated responses in Chl a and SD were primarily caused by uncertainty in how non-algal turbidity would respond to P-load reductions. If only the models most applicable to the Salton Sea are considered, a 70-90% P-load reduction is required for the Sea to be classified as moderately eutrophic (trophic state index of 55). These models simulate steady-state conditions in the Sea; therefore, it is difficult to ascertain how long it would take for the simulated changes to occur after load reductions. C1 [Robertson, Dale M.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Schladow, S. Geoffrey] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Robertson, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM dzrobert@usgs.gov; gschladow@ucdavis.edu OI Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUN PY 2008 VL 604 BP 5 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s10750-008-9321-4 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 275RJ UT WOS:000254089000002 ER PT J AU Robertson, DM Schladow, SG Holdren, GC AF Robertson, Dale M. Schladow, S. Geoffrey Holdren, G. Chris TI Long-term changes in the phosphorus loading to and trophic state of the Salton Sea, California SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Salton Sea Centennial Symposium/Symposium on Century of Symbiosis among Argiculture, Wildlife and People CY MAR, 2005 CL San Diego, CA DE load; eutrophication; saline; water quality ID NUTRIENT; NITROGEN AB The Salton Sea (Sea) is a eutrophic to hypereutrophic lake characterized by high nutrient concentrations, low water clarity, and high biological productivity. Based on dissolved phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations and N:P ratios, P is typically the limiting nutrient in the Sea and, therefore, should be the primary nutrient of concern when considering management efforts. Flows in the major tributaries to the Sea have been measured since 1965, whereas total P (TP) concentrations were only measured intermittently by various agencies since 1968. These data were used to estimate annual P loading from 1965 to 2002. Annual loads have increased steadily from similar to 940,000 kg around 1968 to similar to 1,450,000 kg in 2002 (similar to 55% increase), primarily a result of increased TP concentrations and loads in the New River. Although the eutrophic condition of the Salton Sea is of great concern, only limited nutrient data are available for the Sea. It is difficult to determine whether the eutrophic state of the Sea has degraded or possibly even improved slightly in response to the change in P loading because of variability in the data and changes in the sampling and analytical methodologies. C1 [Robertson, Dale M.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Schladow, S. Geoffrey] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Holdren, G. Chris] US Bur Reclamat, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Robertson, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM dzrobert@usgs.gov; gschladow@ucdavis.edu; choldren@do.usbr.gov OI Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUN PY 2008 VL 604 BP 21 EP 36 DI 10.1007/s10750-008-9312-5 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 275RJ UT WOS:000254089000003 ER PT J AU Chung, EG Schladow, SG Perez-Losada, J Robertson, DM AF Chung, Eu Gene Schladow, S. Geoffrey Perez-Losada, Joaquim Robertson, Dale M. TI A linked hydrodynamic and water quality model for the Salton Sea SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Salton Sea Centennial Symposium/Symposium on Century of Symbiosis among Argiculture, Wildlife and People CY MAR, 2005 CL San Diego, CA DE restoration; nutrients; sediment resuspension; internal loading ID SHALLOW LAKE; EUTROPHIC LAKE; PHOSPHORUS; RESUSPENSION; RESERVOIRS; CALIFORNIA; NITROGEN; PREDICTION; SEDIMENT; DYNAMICS AB A linked hydrodynamic and water quality model was developed and applied to the Salton Sea. The hydrodynamic component is based on the one-dimensional numerical model, DLM. The water quality model is based on a new conceptual model for nutrient cycling in the Sea, and simulates temperature, total suspended sediment concentration, nutrient concentrations, including PO4-3, No-3(-1) and NH4+1, DO concentration and chlorophyll a concentration as functions of depth and time. Existing water temperature data from 1997 were used to verify that the model could accurately represent the onset and breakup of thermal stratification. 1999 is the only year with a near-complete dataset for water quality variables for the Salton Sea. The linked hydrodynamic and water quality model was run for 1999, and by adjustment of rate coefficients and other water quality parameters, a good match with the data was obtained. In this article, the model is fully described and the model results for reductions in external phosphorus load on chlorophyll a distribution are presented. C1 [Schladow, S. Geoffrey] Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chung, Eu Gene; Schladow, S. Geoffrey] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Perez-Losada, Joaquim] Univ Girona, Dept Phys, Girona 17071, Spain. [Robertson, Dale M.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Schladow, SG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gschladow@ucdavis.edu RI Perez-Losada, Joaquim/G-8701-2015; OI Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596 NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUN PY 2008 VL 604 BP 57 EP 75 DI 10.1007/s10750-008-9311-6 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 275RJ UT WOS:000254089000006 ER PT J AU LeBlanc, LA Schroeder, RA AF LeBlanc, Lawrence A. Schroeder, Roy A. TI Transport and distribution of trace elements and other selected inorganic constituents by suspended particulates in the Salton Sea Basin, California, 2001 SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Salton Sea Centennial Symposium/Symposium on Century of Symbiosis among Argiculture, Wildlife and People CY MAR, 2005 CL San Diego, CA DE trace metals; transport; suspended sediments; Salton Sea ID OWENS LAKE; SELENIUM; PHYTOPLANKTON; CONTAMINANTS; SEDIMENTS; DYNAMICS; HEALTH AB In order to examine the transport of contaminants associated with river-derived suspended particles in the Salton Sea, California, large volume water samples were collected in transects established along the three major rivers emptying into the Salton Sea in fall 2001. Rivers in this area carry significant aqueous and particulate contaminant loads derived from irrigation water associated with the extensive agricultural activity, as well as wastewater from small and large municipalities. A variety of inorganic constituents, including trace metals, nutrients, and organic carbon were analyzed on suspended material isolated from water samples collected at upriver, near-shore, and off-shore sites established on the Alamo, New, and Whitewater rivers. Concentration patterns showed expected trends, with river-borne metals becoming diluted by organic-rich algal particles of lacustrine origin in off-shore stations. More soluble metals, such as cadmium, copper, and zinc showed a more even distribution between sites in the rivers and off-shore in the lake basin. General distributional trends of trace elements between particulate and aqueous forms were discerned by combining metal concentration data for particulates from this study with historical aqueous metals data. Highly insoluble trace metals, such as iron and aluminum, occurred almost entirely in the particulate phase, while major cations and approximately 95% of selenium were transported in the soluble phase. Evidence for greater reducing conditions in the New compared to the Alamo River was provided by the greater proportion of reduced (soluble) manganese in the New River. Evidence of bioconcentration of selenium and arsenic within the lake by algae was provided by calculating "enrichment" concentration ratios from metal concentrations on the algal-derived particulate samples and the off-shore sites. C1 [LeBlanc, Lawrence A.] Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Schroeder, Roy A.] US Geol Survey, Solana Beach, CA 92075 USA. RP LeBlanc, LA (reprint author), Univ Maine, 5741 Libby Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Lawrence.leblanc@umit.maine.edu NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUN PY 2008 VL 604 BP 123 EP 135 DI 10.1007/s10750-008-9319-y PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 275RJ UT WOS:000254089000011 ER PT J AU Henny, CJ Anderson, TW Crayon, JJ AF Henny, Charles J. Anderson, Thomas W. Crayon, John J. TI Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, metals, and trace elements in waterbird eggs, Salton Sea, California, 2004 SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Salton Sea Centennial Symposium/Symposium on Century of Symbiosis among Argiculture, Wildlife and People CY MAR, 2005 CL San Diego, CA DE Salton Sea; black-crowned night-heron; great egret; Black-necked stilt; American avocet; DDE; selenium ID TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; CROWNED NIGHT-HERONS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CARSON LAKE; FISH; DDE; BIRDS; CONTAMINANTS; RESIDUES; SELENIUM AB The Salton Sea is a highly eutrophic, hypersaline terminal lake that receives inflows primarily from agricultural drainages in the Imperial and Coachella valleys. Impending reductions in water inflow at Salton Sea may concentrate existing contaminants which have been a concern for many years, and result in higher exposure to birds. Thus, waterbird eggs were collected and analyzed in 2004 and compared with residue concentrations from earlier years; these data provide a base for future comparisons. Eggs from four waterbird species (black-crowned night-heron [Nycticorax nycticorax], great egret [Ardea alba], black-necked stilt [Himantopus mexicanus], and American avocet [Recurvirostra Americana]) were collected. Eggs were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), metals, and trace elements, with current results compared to those reported for eggs collected from the same species and others during 1985-1993. The two contaminants of primary concern were p,p'-DDE (DDE) and selenium. DDE concentrations in night-heron and great egret eggs collected from the northwest corner of Salton Sea (Whitewater River delta) decreased 91 and 95%, respectively, by 2004, with a concomitant increase in eggshell thickness for both species. Decreases in bird egg DDE levels paralleled those in tissues of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus x O. urolepis), an important prey species for herons and egrets. Despite most nests of night-herons and great egrets failing in 2004 due to predation, predicted reproductive effects based on DDE concentrations in eggs were low or negligible for these species. The 2004 DDE findings were in dramatic contrast to those in the past decade, and included an 81% decrease in black-necked stilt eggs, although concentrations were lower historically than those reported in night-herons and egrets. Selenium concentrations in black-necked stilt eggs from the southeast corner of Salton Sea (Davis Road) were similar in 1993 and 2004, with 4.5-7.6% of the clutches estimated to be selenium impaired during both time periods. Because of present selenium concentrations and future reduced water inflow, the stilt population is of special concern. Between 1992 and 1993 and 2004 selenium in night-heron and great egret eggs from the Whitewater River delta at the north end of the Sea decreased by 81 and 55%, respectively. None of the night-heron or egret eggs collected in 2004 contained selenium concentrations above the lowest reported effect concentration (6.0 mu g/g dw). Reasons for selenium decreases in night-heron and egret eggs are unknown. Other contaminants evaluated in 2004 were all below known effect concentrations. However, in spite of generally low contaminant levels in 2004, the nesting populations of night-herons and great egrets at Salton Sea were greatly reduced from earlier years and snowy egrets (Egretta thula) were not found nesting. Other factors that include predation, reduced water level, diminished roost and nest sites, increased salinity, eutrophication, and reduced fish populations can certainly influence avian populations. Future monitoring, to validate predicted responses by birds, other organisms, and contaminant loadings associated with reduced water inflows, together with adaptive management should be the operational framework at the Salton Sea. C1 [Henny, Charles J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Anderson, Thomas W.] Sonny Bono Salton Sea Natl Wildlife Refuge, Salton Sea Author, Calipatria, CA 92233 USA. [Crayon, John J.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Bermuda Dunes, CA 92203 USA. RP Henny, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM charles_j_henny@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUN PY 2008 VL 604 BP 137 EP 149 DI 10.1007/s10750-008-9320-5 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 275RJ UT WOS:000254089000012 ER PT J AU LeBlanc, LA Kuivila, KM AF LeBlanc, Lawrence A. Kuivila, Kathryn M. TI Occurrence, distribution and transport of pesticides into the Salton Sea Basin, California, 2001-2002 SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Salton Sea Centennial Symposium/Symposium on Century of Symbiosis among Argiculture, Wildlife and People CY MAR, 2005 CL San Diego, CA DE Alamo river; New River; saline lake; chlorpyrifos; dacthal; EPTC; trifluralin; DDE ID MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; OWENS LAKE; SEDIMENTS; WATER; HYDROCARBONS; USA; CONTAMINANTS; DYNAMICS AB The Salton Sea is a hypersaline lake located in southeastern California. Concerns over the ecological impacts of sediment quality and potential human exposure to dust emissions from exposed lakebed sediments resulting from anticipated shrinking of shoreline led to a study of pesticide distribution and transport within the Salton Sea Basin, California, in 2001-2002. Three sampling stations-upriver, river mouth, and offshore-were established along each of the three major rivers that discharge into the Salton Sea. Large-volume water samples were collected for analysis of pesticides in water and suspended sediments at the nine sampling stations. Samples of the bottom sediment were also collected at each site for pesticide analysis. Sampling occurred in October 2001, March-April 2002, and October 2002, coinciding with the regional fall and spring peaks in pesticide use in the heavily agricultural watershed. Fourteen current-use pesticides were detected in water and the majority of dissolved concentrations ranged from the limits of detection to 151 ng/l. Diazinon, EPTC and malathion were detected at much higher concentrations (940-3,830 ng/l) at the New and Alamo River upriver and near-shore stations. Concentrations of carbaryl, dacthal, diazinon, and EPTC were higher in the two fall sampling periods, whereas concentrations of atrazine, carbofuran, and trifluralin were higher during the spring, which matched seasonal use patterns of these pesticides. Current-use pesticides were also detected on suspended and bed sediments in concentrations ranging from detection limits to 106 ng/g. Chlorpyrifos, dacthal, EPTC, trifluralin, and DDE were the most frequently detected pesticides on sediments from all three rivers. The number of detections and concentrations of suspended sediment-associated pesticides were often similar for the river upriver and near-shore sites, consistent with downstream transport of pesticides via suspended sediment. While detectable suspended sediment pesticide concentrations were more sporadic than detected aqueous concentrations, seasonal trends were similar to those for dissolved concentrations. Generally, the pesticides detected on suspended sediments were the same as those on the bed sediments, and concentrations were similar, especially at the Alamo River upriver site. With a few exceptions, pesticides were not detected in suspended or bed sediments from the off-shore sites. The partitioning of pesticides between water and sediment was not predictable from solely the physical-chemical properties of individual pesticide compounds, but appear to be a complicated function of the quantity of pesticide applied in the watershed, residence time of sediments in the water, and compound solubility and hydrophobicity. Sediment concentrations of most pesticides were found to be 100-1,000 times lower than the low-effects levels determined in human health risk assessment studies. However, maximum concentrations of chlorpyrifos on suspended sediments were approximately half the low-effects level, suggesting the need for further sediment characterization of lake sediments proximate to riverine inputs. C1 [LeBlanc, Lawrence A.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Kuivila, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Calif Dist Off, Div Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP LeBlanc, LA (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, 5741 Libby Hall,Room 215, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Lawrence.leblanc@umit.maine.edu NR 39 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUN PY 2008 VL 604 BP 151 EP 172 DI 10.1007/s10750-008-9316-1 PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 275RJ UT WOS:000254089000013 ER PT J AU Gebrekristos, RA Shapiro, AM Usher, BH AF Gebrekristos, Robel A. Shapiro, Allen M. Usher, Brent H. TI In situ estimation of the effective chemical diffusion coefficient of a rock matrix in a fractured aquifer SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diffusion; fractured rocks; groundwater flow; matrix diffusion; South Africa ID CRYSTALLINE ROCK; TRANSPORT; MODEL AB An in situ method of estimating the effective diffusion coefficient for a chemical constituent that diffuses into the primary porosity of a rock is developed by abruptly changing the concentration of the dissolved constituent in a borehole in contact with the rock matrix and monitoring the time-varying concentration. The experiment was conducted in a borehole completed in mudstone on the campus of the University of the Free State in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Numerous tracer tests were conducted at this site, which left a residual concentration of sodium chloride in boreholes that diffused into the rock matrix over a period of years. Fresh water was introduced into a borehole in contact with the mudstone, and the time-varying increase of chloride was observed by monitoring the electrical conductivity (EC) at various depths in the borehole. Estimates of the effective diffusion coefficient were obtained by interpreting measurements of EC over 34 d. The effective diffusion coefficient at a depth of 36 m was approximately 7.8x10(-6) m(2)/d, but was sensitive to the assumed matrix porosity. The formation factor and mass flux for the mudstone were also estimated from the experiment. C1 [Gebrekristos, Robel A.; Usher, Brent H.] Univ Orange Free State, Inst Groundwater Studies, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. [Shapiro, Allen M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Gebrekristos, Robel A.] Knight Piesold Pty Ltd, ZA-2128 Rivonia, South Africa. RP Gebrekristos, RA (reprint author), Univ Orange Free State, Inst Groundwater Studies, Nelson Mandela Dr, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. EM robelg@kprsa.co.za; ashapiro@usgs.gov; UsherB.SCI@ufs.ac.za NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 629 EP 639 DI 10.1007/s10040-007-0255-0 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 314QN UT WOS:000256824000002 ER PT J AU Domagalski, JL Phillips, SP Bayless, ER Zamora, C Kendall, C Wildman, RA Hering, JG AF Domagalski, Joseph L. Phillips, Steven P. Bayless, E. Randall Zamora, Celia Kendall, Carol Wildman, Richard A., Jr. Hering, Janet G. TI Influences of the unsaturated, saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River, California, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE USA; groundwater; surface-water relations; solute transport; unsaturated zone; groundwater protection ID GROUND-WATER; FRESH-WATER; DENITRIFICATION; NITROGEN; SEAWATER; TRACERS; OXYGEN; FLOW; AIR AB Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50-100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N-2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area. C1 [Domagalski, Joseph L.; Phillips, Steven P.; Zamora, Celia] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Bayless, E. Randall] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Kendall, Carol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wildman, Richard A., Jr.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hering, Janet G.] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. RP Domagalski, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM joed@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 675 EP 690 DI 10.1007/s10040-007-0266-x PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 314QN UT WOS:000256824000005 ER PT J AU Szaro, RC AF Szaro, Robert C. TI Endangered species and nature conservation: science issues and challenges SO INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endangered species; management practices; nature conservation; restoration; science issues AB The issues and challenges facing us in ensuring the survival of as many species and ecosystems as possible call for a renewed research focus to address how to improve management strategies and policy making now and into the future. The key issues to be addressed by activities of the International Union of Forest Research Organization's (IUFRO) Task Force on Endangered Species and Nature Conservation include such issues as: (i) preventing species from being listed by maintaining species populations at sufficient levels that they do not require listing; (ii) recovering threatened and endangered species; (iii) developing management practices and strategies; (iv) balancing actions affecting suites of threatened or endangered species; (v) developing conservation strategies for species without definitive taxonomic treatments; (vi) dealing with global change; (vii) dealing with invasive species; and (viii) restoring critical habitats. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Szaro, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS300, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rszaro@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1749-4877 J9 INTEGR ZOOL JI Integr. Zool. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2008.00075.x PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V15FZ UT WOS:000207789200004 PM 21396055 ER PT J AU Webster, RA Pollock, KH Simons, TR AF Webster, Raymond A. Pollock, Kenneth H. Simons, Theodore R. TI Bayesian spatial modeling of data from avian point count surveys SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE binomial counts; CAR models; detection histories; detection probability; MCMC; population density estimation ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; MOUNTAINS-NATIONAL-PARK; POPULATION-SIZE; MIXTURE-MODELS; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; ANIMAL POPULATIONS; CLOSED POPULATION; ABUNDANCE AB We present a unified framework for modeling bird survey data collected at spatially replicated survey sites in the form of repeated counts or detection history counts, through which we model spatial dependence in bird density and variation in detection probabilities due to changes in covariates across the landscape. The models have a complex hierarchical structure that makes them suited to Bayesian analysis using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. For computational efficiency, we use a form of conditional autogressive model for modeling spatial dependence. We apply the models to survey data for two bird species in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The algorithms converge well for the more abundant and easily detected of the two species, but some simplification of the spatial model is required for convergence for the second species. We show how these methods lead to maps of estimated relative density which are an improvement over those that would follow from past approaches that ignored spatial dependence. This work also highlights the importance of good survey design for bird species mapping studies. C1 [Webster, Raymond A.] Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Seattle, WA 98145 USA. [Simons, Theodore R.] N Carolina State Univ, USGS, NC Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Webster, RA (reprint author), Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Seattle, WA 98145 USA. EM ray@iphc.washington.edu; pollock@unity.ncsu.edu; tsimons@ncsu.edu NR 44 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1085-7117 EI 1537-2693 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 13 IS 2 BP 121 EP 139 DI 10.1198/108571108X311563 PG 19 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 305CY UT WOS:000256156600001 ER PT J AU Gutzwiller, KJ Barrow, WC AF Gutzwiller, Kevin J. Barrow, Wylie C., Jr. TI Desert bird associations with broad-scale boundary length: applications in avian conservation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE assemblage structure; Chihuahuan Desert; disproportionate associations; land-cover boundaries; landscape management; regression models; roadside boundaries ID FOREST FRAGMENTATION; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; LANDSCAPE; HABITAT; MODELS; ROADS; COMMUNITIES; CORRIDORS; ABUNDANCE; OVENBIRDS AB 1. Current understanding regarding the effects of boundaries on bird communities has originated largely from studies of forest-non-forest boundaries in mesic systems. To assess whether broad-scale boundary length can affect bird community structure in deserts, and to identify patterns and predictors of species' associations useful in avian conservation, we studied relations between birds and boundary-length variables in Chihuahuan Desert landscapes. Operationally, a boundary was the border between two adjoining land covers, and broad-scale boundary length was the total length of such borders in a large area. 2. Within 2-km radius areas, we measured six boundary-length variables. We analysed bird-boundary relations for 26 species, tested for assemblage-level patterns in species' associations with boundary-length variables, and assessed whether body size, dispersal ability and cowbird-host status were correlates of these associations. 3. The abundances or occurrences of a significant majority of species were associated with boundary-length variables, and similar numbers of species were related positively and negatively to boundary-length variables. 4. Disproportionately small numbers of species were correlated with total boundary length, land-cover boundary length and shrubland-grassland boundary length (variables responsible for large proportions of boundary length). Disproportionately large numbers of species were correlated with roadside boundary length and riparian vegetation-grassland boundary length (variables responsible for small proportions of boundary length). Roadside boundary length was associated (positively and negatively) with the most species. 5. Species' associations with boundary-length variables were not correlated with body size, dispersal ability or cowbird-host status. 6. Synthesis and applications. For the species we studied, conservationists can use the regressions we report as working models to anticipate influences of boundary-length changes on bird abundance and occurrence, and to assess avifaunal composition for areas under consideration for protection. Boundary-length variables associated with a disproportionate or large number of species can be used as foci for landscape management. Assessing the underlying causes of bird-boundary relations may improve the prediction accuracy of associated models. We therefore advocate local- and broad-scale manipulative experiments involving the boundary types with which species were correlated, as indicated by the regressions. C1 [Gutzwiller, Kevin J.] Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Barrow, Wylie C., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Gutzwiller, KJ (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, 1 Bear Pl 97388, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM kevin_gutzwiller@baylor.edu NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 873 EP 882 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01450.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 295HC UT WOS:000255464600015 ER PT J AU Kery, M Royle, JA Schmid, H AF Kery, Marc Royle, J. Andrew Schmid, Hans TI Importance of sampling design and analysis in animal population studies: a comment on Sergio et al. SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; detectability; indicator species; raptors; sampling; species richness; umbrella species ID ESTIMATING SPECIES RICHNESS; BIRD COMMUNITIES; MIXTURE-MODELS; TOP PREDATORS; DETECTABILITY; DYNAMICS; RATES; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION AB 1. The use of predators as indicators and umbrellas in conservation has been criticized. In the Trentino region, Sergio et al. (2006; hereafter SEA) counted almost twice as many bird species in quadrats located in raptor territories than in controls. However, SEA detected astonishingly few species. We used contemporary Swiss Breeding Bird Survey data from an adjacent region and a novel statistical model that corrects for overlooked species to estimate the expected number of bird species per quadrat in that region. 2. There are two anomalies in SEA which render their results ambiguous. First, SEA detected on average only 6.8 species, whereas a value of 32 might be expected. Hence, they probably overlooked almost 80% of all species. Secondly, the precision of their mean species counts was greater in two-thirds of cases than in the unlikely case that all quadrats harboured exactly the same number of equally detectable species. This suggests that they detected consistently only a biased, unrepresentative subset of species. 3. Conceptually, expected species counts are the product of true species number and species detectability p. Plenty of factors may affect p, including date, hour, observer, previous knowledge of a site and mobbing behaviour of passerines in the presence of predators. Such differences in p between raptor and control quadrats could have easily created the observed effects. Without a method that corrects for such biases, or without quantitative evidence that species detectability was indeed similar between raptor and control quadrats, the meaning of SEA's counts is hard to evaluate. Therefore, the evidence presented by SEA in favour of raptors as indicator species for enhanced levels of biodiversity remains inconclusive. 4. Synthesis and application. Ecologists should pay greater attention to sampling design and analysis in animal population estimation. Species richness estimation means sampling a community. Samples should be representative for the community studied and the sampling fraction among communities compared should be the same on average, otherwise formal estimation approaches must be applied to avoid misleading inference. C1 [Kery, Marc; Schmid, Hans] Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. [Royle, J. Andrew] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Kery, M (reprint author), Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. EM marc.kery@vogelwarte.ch OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 981 EP 986 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01421.x PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 295HC UT WOS:000255464600027 ER PT J AU Hedrick, RP McDowell, TS Mukkatira, K Macconnell, E Petri, B AF Hedrick, Ronald P. McDowell, Terry S. Mukkatira, Kaveramma MacConnell, Elizabeth Petri, Brian TI Effects of freezing, drying, ultraviolet irradiation, chlorine, and quaternary ammonium treatments on the infectivity of myxospores of Myxobolus cerebralis for Tubifex tubifex SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DISEASE MYXOSOMA-CEREBRALIS; SALMONID WHIRLING DISEASE; DRINKING-WATER; INACTIVATION; SPORES; DISINFECTION; UV; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POPULATIONS; TUBIFICIDAE AB The effects of freezing, drying, ultraviolet irradiation (UV), chlorine, and a quaternary ammonium compound on the infectivity of the myxospore stage of Myxobolus cerebralis (the causative agent of whirling disease) for Tubifex tubifex were examined in a series of laboratory trials. Freezing at either -20 degrees C or -80 degrees C for a period of 7 d or 2 months eliminated infectivity as assessed by the absence of production of the actinospore stage (triactinomyxons [TAMs]) from T. tubifex cultures inoculated with treated myxospores over a 4-5-month period. Myxospores retained infectivity when held in well water at 5 degrees C or 22 degrees C for 7 d and when held at 4 degrees C or 10 degrees C d for 2 months. In contrast, no TAMs were produced from T. tubifex cultures inoculated with myxospores held at 20 degrees C for 2 months. Drying of myxospores eliminated any evidence of infectivity for T. tubifex. Doses of UV from 40 to 480 mJ/cm(2) were all effective for inactivating myxospores of M. cerebralis, although a few TAMs were detected in one replicate T. tubifex culture at 240 mJ/cm(2) and in one replicate culture at 480 mJ/cm(2). Treatments of myxospores with chlorine bleach at active concentrations of at least 500 mg/L for 15 min largely inactivated myxospore infectivity for T. tubifex. Likewise, there was no evidence of TAMs produced by T. tubifex inoculated with myxospores treated with alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC) at 1,500 mg/L for 10 min. Treatments of myxospores with 1,000-mg/L ADBAC for 10 min reduced TAM production in T. tubifex cultures sevenfold relative to that in cultures inoculated with an equal number of untreated myxospores. These results indicate that myxospores of M. cerebralis demonstrate a selective rather than broad resistance to selected physical and chemical treatments, and this selective resistance is consistent with conditions that myxospores are likely to experience in nature. C1 [Hedrick, Ronald P.; McDowell, Terry S.; Mukkatira, Kaveramma] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [MacConnell, Elizabeth] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Hlth Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Petri, Brian] Trojan Technol, London, ON N5V 4T7, Canada. RP Hedrick, RP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rphedrick@ucdavis.edu NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD JUN PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 116 EP 125 DI 10.1577/H07-042.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 333PW UT WOS:000258165600006 PM 18783133 ER PT J AU Bowker, MA Johnson, NC Belnap, J Koch, GW AF Bowker, Matthew A. Johnson, Nancy C. Belnap, Jayne Koch, George W. TI Short-term monitoring of aridland lichen cover and biomass using photography and fatty acids SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE cryptoganis; cryptobiotic crusts; repeat photography; bioniarkers; rangeland health monitoring; ecological indicators; PLFA ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; NOSTOC-COMMUNE CYANOBACTERIA; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; GROWTH-RATES; PRECIPITATION; CAROTENOIDS; RECOVERY AB Biological soil crust (BSC) communities (composed of lichens, bryophytes, and cyanobacteria) may be more dynamic on short-time scales than previously thought, requiring new and informative short-term monitoring techniques. We used repeat digital photography and image analysis, which revealed a change in area of a dominant BSC lichen, Collema tenax. The data generated correlated well with gross photosynthesis (r = 0.57) and carotenoid content (r = 0.53), two variables that would be expected to be positively related to lichen area. We also extracted fatty acids from lichen samples and identified useful phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) indicators for the Collema mycobiont (20:1, 15:0, 23:0), and the Collema photobiont (18:3 omega 3). The 18:3 omega 3 correlated well with chlorophyll a (r = 0.66), a more traditional proxy for cyanobacterial biomass. We also compared total PLFA as a proxy for total Collema biomass with our photographically generated areal change data, and found them to be moderately correlated (r = 0.44). Areal change proved to be responsive on short-time scales, while fatty acid techniques were information-rich, providing data on biomass of lichens, and both photo- and mycobionts separately, in addition to the physiological status of the mycobiont. Both techniques should be refined and tested in field situations. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bowker, Matthew A.; Koch, George W.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Johnson, Nancy C.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Environm Sci & Educl, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Bowker, MA (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Matthew.Bowker@ynau.edu NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 6 BP 869 EP 878 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.11.006 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 302PJ UT WOS:000255980400001 ER PT J AU Qin, JF Rosenbauer, RJ Duan, Z AF Qin, Junfeng Rosenbauer, Robert J. Duan, Zhenhao TI Experimental measurements of vapor-liquid equilibria of the H2O+CO2+CH4 ternary system SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID FLUID INCLUSION; 2000 BAR; SOLUBILITY; METHANE; WATER; MODEL AB Reported are the experimental measurements on vapor-liquid equilibria in the H2O + CO2 + CH4 ternary system at temperatures from (324 to 375) K and pressures from (10 to 50) MPa. The results indicate that the CH4 solubility in the ternary mixture is about 10 % to 40 % more than that calculated by interpolation from the Henry's law constants of the binary system, H2O + CH4, and the solubility of CO2 is 6 % to 20 % more than what is calculated by the interpolation from the Henry's law constants of the binary mixture, H2O + CO2. C1 [Qin, Junfeng; Duan, Zhenhao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, State Key Lab Lithospher Evolut, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Rosenbauer, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Duan, Z (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, State Key Lab Lithospher Evolut, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM duanzhenhao@yahoo.com NR 11 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 6 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JUN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1246 EP 1249 DI 10.1021/je700473e PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 313KH UT WOS:000256739000003 ER PT J AU Landa, ER Uchida, S AF Landa, Edward R. Uchida, Shigeo TI Radionuclides in soils, 1960-2006: a view from the World Congress of Soil Science SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Landa, Edward R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Uchida, Shigeo] Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Off Biospher Assessment Waste Disposal, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638555, Japan. RP Landa, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM erlanda@usgs.gov; s_uchida@nirs.go.jp NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 99 IS 6 BP 873 EP 874 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.11.004 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 311MP UT WOS:000256604600001 PM 18160191 ER PT J AU Szabo, Z Jacobsen, E Kraemer, TF Parsa, B AF Szabo, Zoltan Jacobsen, Eric Kraemer, Thomas F. Parsa, Bahman TI Concentrations and environmental fate of Ra in cation-exchange regeneration brine waste disposed to septic tanks and accumulation in sludge, New Jersey Coastal Plain, USA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 09-15, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA DE (226)Ra; (228)Ra; (40)K; alpha-particle radioactivity; gamma-ray spectroscopy; ground water; cation exchange; acidity; septic system; sludge ID IN-GROUND WATER; RISK; SOIL; RA-226 AB Concentrations of Ra in liquid and solid wastes generated from 15 softeners treating domestic well waters from New Jersey Coastal Plain aquifers (where combined Ra ((226)Ra Plus (228)Ra) concentrations commonly exceed 0.185 Bq L(-1)) were determined. Softeners, when maintained, reduced combined Ra about 10-fold (<0.024 Bq L(-1)). Combined Ra exceeded 0.185 Bq L(-1) at 1 non-maintained system. Combined Ra was enriched in regeneration brine waste (maximum, 81.2 Bq L(-1)), but concentrations in septic-tank effluents receiving brine waste were less than in the untreated ground waters. The maximum combined Ra concentration in aquifer sands (40.7 Bq kg(-1) dry weight) was less than that in sludge from the septic tanks (range, 84-363 Bq kg(-1)), indicating Ra accumulation in sludge from effluent. The combined Ra concentration in sludge from the homeowners' septic systems falls within the range reported for sludge samples from publicly owned treatment works within the region. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Szabo, Zoltan; Jacobsen, Eric] US Geol Survey, Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Kraemer, Thomas F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Parsa, Bahman] Hlth & Senior Serv, NJ Dept, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. RP Szabo, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd, Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM zszabo@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 99 IS 6 BP 947 EP 964 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.11.009 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 311MP UT WOS:000256604600008 PM 18177981 ER PT J AU Guzzetti, BM Talbot, SL Tessler, DF Gill, VA Murphy, EC AF Guzzetti, Brian M. Talbot, Sandra L. Tessler, David F. Gill, Verena A. Murphy, Edward C. TI Secrets in the eyes of Black Oystercatchers: a new sexing technique SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE discriminant function; eye flecks; Haematopus bachmani; HINT-W; HINT-Z; molecular sexing; oystercatchers; shorebird ID DNA; BIRDS; GENE; LINKAGE AB Sexing oystercatchers in the field is difficult because males and females have identical plumage and are similar in size. Although Black Oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) are sexually dimorphic, using morphology to determine sex requires either capturing both pair members for comparison or using discriminant analyses to assign sex probabilistically based on morphometric traits. All adult Black Oystercatchers have bright yellow eyes, but some of them have dark specks, or eye flecks, in their irides. We hypothesized that this easily observable trait was sex-linked and could be used as a novel diagnostic tool for identifying sex. To test this, we compared data for oystercatchers from genetic molecular markers (CHD-W/CHD-Z and HINT-W/HINT-Z), morphometric analyses, and eye-fleck category (full eye flecks, slight eye flecks, and no eye flecks). Compared to molecular markers, we found that discriminant analyses based on morphological characteristics yielded variable results that were confounded by geographical differences in morphology. However, we found that eye flecks were sex-linked. Using an eye-fleck model where all females have full eye flecks and males have either slight eye flecks or no eye flecks, we correctly assigned the sex of 117 of 125 (94%) oystercatchers. Using discriminant analysis based on morphological characteristics, we correctly assigned the sex of 105 of 119 (88%) birds. Using the eye-fleck technique for sexing Black Oystercatchers may be preferable for some investigators because it is as accurate as discriminant analysis based on morphology and does not require capturing the birds. C1 [Guzzetti, Brian M.; Murphy, Edward C.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Guzzetti, Brian M.; Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Guzzetti, Brian M.; Tessler, David F.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Gill, Verena A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Reg, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Guzzetti, BM (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ftbmg@uaf.edu RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 79 IS 2 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2008.00167.x PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 309EU UT WOS:000256444300014 ER PT J AU Klaper, R Carter, BJ Richter, CA Drevnick, PE Sandheinrich, MB Tillitt, DE AF Klaper, R. Carter, B. J. Richter, C. A. Drevnick, P. E. Sandheinrich, M. B. Tillitt, D. E. TI Use of a 15 k gene microarray to determine gene expression changes in response to acute and chronic methylmercury exposure in the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas Rafinesque SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; fathead minnow; genomics; methylmercury; microarray; toxicogenomics ID MERCURY-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; DIETARY METHYLMERCURY; FUNCTIONAL ANNOTATION; METHYL MERCURY; CELLS; GENOMICS; ECOTOXICOLOGY; REPRODUCTION; INVOLVEMENT; ACTIVATION AB This study describes the use of a 15 000 gene microarray developed for the toxicological model species, Pimephales promelas, in investigating the impact of acute and chronic methylmercury exposures in male gonad and liver tissues. The results show significant differences in the individual genes that were differentially expressed in response to each treatment. In liver, a total of 650 genes exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) altered expression with greater than two-fold differences from the controls in response to acute exposure and a total of 267 genes were differentially expressed in response to chronic exposure. A majority of these genes were downregulated rather than upregulated. Fewer genes were altered in gonad than in liver at both timepoints. A total of 212 genes were differentially expressed in response to acute exposure and 155 genes were altered in response to chronic exposure. Despite the differences in individual genes expressed across treatments, the functional categories that altered genes were associated with showed some similarities. Of interest in light of other studies involving the effects of methylmercury on fish, several genes associated with apoptosis were upregulated in response to both acute and chronic exposures. Induction of apoptosis has been associated with effects on reproduction seen in the previous studies. This study demonstrates the utility of microarray analysis for investigations of the physiological effects of toxicants as well as the time-course of effects that may take place. In addition, it is the first publication to demonstrate the use of this new 15 000 gene microarray for fish biology and toxicology. (C) 2008 The Authors Journal compilation (C) 2008 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 [Klaper, R.] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Carter, B. J.] EcoArray, Alachua, FL 32615 USA. [Richter, C. A.; Tillitt, D. E.] USGS, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Drevnick, P. E.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Sandheinrich, M. B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. RP Klaper, R (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. EM rklaper@uwm.edu OI Drevnick, Paul/0000-0003-2843-9720; Richter, Catherine/0000-0001-7322-4206 NR 33 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 9 BP 2207 EP 2280 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01899.x PG 74 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 311YI UT WOS:000256635900010 ER PT J AU Sigourney, DB Letcher, BH Obedzinski, M Cunjak, RA AF Sigourney, D. B. Letcher, B. H. Obedzinski, M. Cunjak, R. A. TI Size-independent growth in fishes: patterns, models and metrics SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; growth; growth rates; standardized mass-specific growth rate ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; ONTOGENIC NICHE SHIFTS; LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; BROWN TROUT; SALAR L; INTERCOHORT COMPETITION; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; SEASONAL-VARIATION; LARGEMOUTH BASS; FRESH-WATER AB A combination of a dynamic energy budget (DEB) model, field data on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and brown trout Salmo trutta and laboratory data off Atlantic salmon was used to assess the underlying assumptions Of three different metrics of growth including specific growth rate (G), standardized mass-specific growth rate (G(S)) and absolute growth rate in length (G(L)) in salmonids. Close agreement was found between predictions of the DEB model and the assumption of linear growth in length and parabolic growth in mass. Field data comparing spring growth rates of age 1+ year and 2+ year Atlantic salmon demonstrated that fit all years the larger age 2+ year fish exhibited it significantly lower G, but differences in growth in terms of G(S) and G(L) depended on the year examined. For brown trout, larger age 2+ year fish also consistently exhibited slower growth rates in terms of G but grew at similar rates as age 1+ year fish in terms of G(S) and G(L). Laboratory results revealed that during the age 0+ Year (autumn) the divergence in growth between future Atlantic salmon smolts and non-smolts was similar in terms of all three metrics with smolts displaying higher growth than non-smolts, however, both G(S) and G(L) indicated that smolts maintain relatively fast growth into the late autumn where G suggested that both smolts and non-smolts exhibit a sharp decrease in growth from October to November, During the spring, patterns of growth in length were significantly decoupled from patterns in growth in mass. Smolts maintained relatively fast growth though April in length but not in mass. These results suggest G(S) can be a useful alternative to G as a size-independent measure of growth rate in miniature salmonids. In addition, during certain growth stanzas G(S) may be highly correlated with G(L). The decoupling of growth in mass from growth fit length over ontogeny, however, may necessitate a combination of metrics to adequately describe variation in growth depending on ontogenetic stage particularly if life histories differ. Journal compilation (C) 2008 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 [Sigourney, D. B.; Obedzinski, M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Sigourney, D. B.; Letcher, B. H.; Obedzinski, M.] SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Obedzinski, M.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Santa Rosa, CA 95403 USA. [Cunjak, R. A.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E1, Canada. [Cunjak, R. A.] Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E1, Canada. RP Sigourney, DB (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM dsigourn@nrc.umass.edu NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 10 BP 2435 EP 2455 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01830.x PG 21 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 325YP UT WOS:000257625400001 ER PT J AU Martinez, MA Myers, TL AF Martinez, Michael A. Myers, Terry L. TI Associations between aquatic habitat variables and Pyrgulopsis trivialis presence/absence SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPRINGSNAIL; HYDROBIIDAE; GASTROPODA AB We evaluated associations between physicochemical aquatic habitat variables and presence/absence of Pyrgulopsis trivialis, a hydrobiid snail, in selected springs at Three Forks springs and Boneyard Bog springs in the White Mountains of eastcentral Arizona. Three Forks springs were characterized by more cobble/boulder and gravel/pebble substrates, higher water temperature, lower conductivity, higher pH, and deeper water than Boneyard Bog springs, which were characterized by more silt/sand substrates and watercress. The presence of P. trivialis was associated with gravel/pebble substrates, shallower water, higher conductivity, higher pH, and presence of Physa gyrina. C1 [Martinez, Michael A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA. RP Martinez, MA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2321 W Royal Palm Rd,Ste 103, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 189 EP 194 DI 10.1080/02705060.2008.9664190 PG 6 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 305GT UT WOS:000256166800003 ER PT J AU Myers, JT Stockwell, JD Yule, DL Black, JA AF Myers, Jared T. Stockwell, Jason D. Yule, Daniel L. Black, Jeff A. TI Evaluating sampling strategies for larval cisco (Coregonus artedi) SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cisco; Coregonus artedi; recruitment; survey; gear comparison; Lake Superior ID WESTERN LAKE-SUPERIOR; FISH; RECRUITMENT; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS AB To improve our ability to assess larval cisco (Coregonus artedi) populations in Lake Superior, we conducted a study to compare several sampling strategies. First, we compared density estimates of larval cisco concurrently captured in surface waters with a 2 X 1-m paired neuston net and a 0.5-m (diameter) conical net. Density estimates obtained from the two gear types were not significanly different, suggesting that the conical net is a reasonable alternative to the more cumbersome and cosily neuston net. Next, we assessed the effect of tow pattern (sinusoidal versus straight tows) to examine if propeller wash affected larval density. We found no effect of propeller wash on the catchability of larval cisco. Given the availability of global positioning systems, we recommend sampling larval cisco using straight tows to simplify protocols and facilitate straightforward measurements of volume filtered. Finally, we investigated potential trends in larval cisco density estimates by sampling four time periods during the light period of a day at individual sites. Our results indicate no significant trends in larval density estimates during the day. We conclude estimates of larval cisco density across space are not confounded by time at a daily timescale. Well-designed, cost effective surveys of larval cisco abundance will help to further our understanding of this important Great Lakes forage species. C1 [Myers, Jared T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Stockwell, Jason D.; Yule, Daniel L.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Black, Jeff A.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Upper Great Lakes Management Unit, Thunder Bay, ON P7E 6S8, Canada. RP Myers, JT (reprint author), Gulf Maine Res Inst, 350 Commercial St, Portland, ME 04101 USA. EM myersjar@msu.edu NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 2 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2008)34[245:ESSFLC]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 321YI UT WOS:000257342000004 ER PT J AU Schreier, TM Dawson, VK Larson, W AF Schreier, Theresa M. Dawson, Verdel K. Larson, Wendi TI Effectiveness of piscicides for controlling round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE invasive species; management; avoidance ID GREAT-LAKES; BEHAVIOR; GOBY; FISH AB Round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) were introduced to the Great Lakes presumably as a result of ballast water releases from seagoing freighters returning from European water bodies. These unwelcome fish have become established in the Great Lakes region and are expanding their range to suitable portions of other interior drainage basins including the Mississippi River traversing the central United States and the Trent-Severn waterway spanning south-central Ontario. If the invasion continues, use of chemical toxicants as a control measure may be necessary. Toxicity tests of the currently registered piscicides antimycin, rotenone, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM), and Bayluscide (R) were conducted with three fish species native to the Great Lakes and round gobies collected from the Illinois Waterway. Tests indicated that round gobies are sensitive to all of the piscicides, however, the level of sensitivity is similar to that of the native fish species tested. Therefore, currently registered piscicides have limited potential to selectively remove round gobies. Bottom-release formulations of Bayluscide (R) and antimycin were also evaluated as control agents for the normally bottom-dwelling round goby. Avoidance behavior tests demonstrated that the round goby did not react to the presence of either chemical. Therefore, the bottom-release formulations may have some application for the selective removal of round gobies, and may be one of the few tools presently available to fishery managers to help limit the range expansion of this invasive fish. C1 [Schreier, Theresa M.; Dawson, Verdel K.; Larson, Wendi] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Schreier, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM Tschreier@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 26 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 2 BP 253 EP 264 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2008)34[253:EOPFCR]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 321YI UT WOS:000257342000005 ER PT J AU Wilcox, DA Kowalski, KP Hoare, HL Carlson, ML Morgan, HN AF Wilcox, Douglas A. Kowalski, Kurt P. Hoare, Holly L. Carlson, Martha L. Morgan, Heather N. TI Cattail invasion of sedge/grass meadows in Lake Ontario: Photointerpretation analysis of sixteen wetlands over five decades SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lake-level regulation plans; Lake Ontario; meadow marsh; photointerpretation; Typha; wetlands ID PLANT COMMUNITY RESPONSE; COOTES PARADISE MARSH; WATER-DEPTH GRADIENT; TYPHA X GLAUCA; SEDGE MEADOW; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; SHORELINE VEGETATION; EMERGENT VEGETATION; SEED-GERMINATION; COASTAL WETLANDS AB Photointerpretation studies were conducted to evaluate vegetation changes in wetlands of Lake Ontario and the upper St. Lawrence River associated with regulation of water levels since about 1960. The studies used photographs from 16 sites (four each from drowned river mouth, barrier beach, open embayment, and protected embayment wetlands) and spanned a period from the 1950s to 2001 at roughly decadal intervals. Meadow marsh was the most prominent vegetation type in most wetlands in the late 1950s when water levels had declined following high lake levels in the early 1950s. Meadow marsh increased at some sites in the mid-1960s in response to low lake levels and decreased at all sites in the late 1970s following a period of high lake levels. Typha increased at nearly all sites, except wave,exposed open embayments, in the 1970s. Meadow marsh continued to decrease and Typha to increase at most sites during sustained higher take levels through the 1980s, 1990s, and into 2001. Most vegetation changes could be correlated with lake-level changes and with life-history strategies and physiological tolerances to water depth of prominent taxa. Analyses of GIS coverages demonstrated that much of the Typha invasion was landward into meadow marsh, largely by Typha x glauca. Lesser expansion toward open water included both T. x glauca and T. angustifolia. Although many models focus on the seed bank as a key component of vegetative change in wetlands, our results suggest that canopy-dominating, moisture-requiring Typha was able to invade meadow marsh at higher elevations because sustained higher lake levels allowed it to survive and overtake sedges and grasses that can tolerate periods of drier sod conditions. C1 [Wilcox, Douglas A.; Kowalski, Kurt P.; Hoare, Holly L.; Carlson, Martha L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Morgan, Heather N.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Wilcox, DA (reprint author), Grand Rapids Community Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Grand Rapids, MI 49405 USA. EM dwilcox@usgs.gov OI Kowalski, Kurt/0000-0002-8424-4701 NR 91 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 33 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 2 BP 301 EP 323 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2008)34[301:CIOGMI]2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 321YI UT WOS:000257342000009 ER PT J AU O'Shea, TJ Odell, DK AF O'Shea, Thomas J. Odell, Daniel K. TI Large-scale marine ecosystem change and the conservation of marine mammals SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE cetaceans; climate change; fisheries; marine ecosystems; marine mammals; ocean noise; pinnipeds; sirenians; whales ID SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; RIVER DOLPHINS; NORTH PACIFIC; KILLER WHALES; AGE STRUCTURE; FISHERIES; GROWTH AB Papers in this Special Feature stem from a symposium on large-scale ecosystem change and the conservation of marine mammals convened at the 86th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists in June 2006. Major changes are occurring in multiple aspects of the marine environment at unprecedented rates, within the life spans of some individual marine mammals. Drivers of change include shifts in climate, acoustic pollution, disturbances to trophic structure, fisheries interactions, harmful algal blooms, and environmental contaminants. This Special Feature provides an in-depth examination of 3 issues that are particularly troublesome. The 1st article notes the huge spatial and temporal scales of change to which marine mammals are showing ecological responses, and how these species can function as sentinels of such change. The 2nd paper describes the serious problems arising from conflicts with fisheries, and the 3rd contribution reviews the growing issues associated with underwater noise. C1 [O'Shea, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Odell, Daniel K.] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, Orlando, FL 32821 USA. RP O'Shea, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tom_o'shea@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 58 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 89 IS 3 BP 529 EP 533 DI 10.1644/07-MAMM-S-416R.1 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 310TK UT WOS:000256553100001 ER PT J AU Chipman, ED McIntyre, NE Strauss, RE Wallace, MC Ray, JD Boal, CW AF Chipman, Erica D. McIntyre, Nancy E. Strauss, Richard E. Wallace, Mark C. Ray, James D. Boal, Clint W. TI Effects of human land use on Western Burrowing Owl foraging and activity budgets SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Burrowing Owl; Athene cunicularia; behavior; land use; Texas; urban ID SPEOTYTO-CUNICULARIA; NESTING SUCCESS; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; HABITAT; GRASSLANDS; PATTERNS; DEFENSE; IDAHO; TOWNS AB Western Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) often live in close proximity to humans, yet their behavioral responses to anthropogenic land use are largely unknown. We compared the diurnal foraging and activity budget,; of adult male Burrowing Owls during the breeding seasons of 2004 and 2005 at three Urban and three rural sites in northwestern Texas. The owls (N = 17 urban, 10 rural) spent most of their time being vigilant, testing, preening, perching, and in the burrow; less time was spent hunting, eating, provisioning the mare or Young, flying, or engaging in other behaviors. Activity budgets (did not differ significantly with land use. There were significant differences in activity budgets among study sites and with respect: to times of day, weather variables, and numbers of owlets. Although hunting success and provisioning rates did not vary between urban and rural sites, aerial insects were taken as prey more often at Urban than at rural sites. More foraging attempts occurred in habitats dominated by forbs, grasses, and bare ground than in areas with woody vegetation or impervious surfaces. Urban sites generally had more human forms of disturbance, but more mammalian and avian predators of Burrowing Owls were observed at rural Sites. Our understanding of the behavioral effects of urbanization is still in its infancy, but the study of urban behavioral ecology will likely increase in importance as urban development continues. C1 [Chipman, Erica D.; McIntyre, Nancy E.; Strauss, Richard E.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [McIntyre, Nancy E.] Texas Tech Univ Museum, Nat Sci Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Wallace, Mark C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Ray, James D.] BWXT Pantex LLC, Amarillo, TX 79120 USA. [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP McIntyre, NE (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM nancy.mcintyre@ttu.edu RI Wallace, Mark/A-1263-2010; OI Ray, James/0000-0003-4558-4217 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 36 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.3356/JRR-07-20.1 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 315PU UT WOS:000256892700002 ER PT J AU Kochert, MN McKinley, JO AF Kochert, Michaei. N. McKinley, James O. TI Use of body mass, footpad length, and wing chord to determine sex in Swainson's Hawks SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Swainson's Hawk; Buteo swainsoni; discriminant analyses; gender determination; morphometric measurements ID DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; GENDER DETERMINATION; BUTEO-SWAINSONI; GOLDEN EAGLES; MOLT; MORPHOMETRICS C1 [Kochert, Michaei. N.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [McKinley, James O.] Conservat Res Fdn, Middleton, ID 83644 USA. RP Kochert, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM mkochert@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 138 EP 141 DI 10.3356/JRR-07-33.1 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 315PU UT WOS:000256892700007 ER PT J AU Masoner, JR Stannard, DI Christenson, SC AF Masoner, Jason R. Stannard, David I. Christenson, Scott C. TI Differences in evaporation between a floating pan and class a pan on land SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE floating evaporation pan; class A evaporation pan; land pan; evaporation; evaporation differences; evapotranspiration; evaporation pans; pan coeficient ID EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Research was conducted to develop a method for obtaining floating pan evaporation rates in a small (less than 10,000 m(2)) wetland, lagoon, or pond. Floating pan and land pan evaporation data were collected from March 1 to August 31, 2005, at a small natural wetland located in the alluvium of the Canadian River near Norman, Oklahoma, at the U. S. Geological Survey Norman Landfill Toxic Substances Hydrology Research Site. Floating pan evaporation rates were compared with evaporation rates from a nearby standard Class A evaporation pan on land. Floating pan evaporation rates were significantly less than land pan evaporation rates for the entire period and on a monthly basis. Results indicated that the use of a floating evaporation pan in a small free-water surface better simulates actual physical conditions on the water surface that control evaporation. Floating pan to land pan ratios were 0.82 for March, 0.87 for April, 0.85 for May, 0.85 for June, 0.79 for July, and 0.69 for August. C1 [Masoner, Jason R.; Christenson, Scott C.] US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Water Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Masoner, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Water Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. EM jmasoner@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 552 EP 561 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00181.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 302BY UT WOS:000255945000002 ER PT J AU Stepenuck, KF Crunkilton, RL Bozek, MA Wang, LZ AF Stepenuck, Kristine F. Crunkilton, Ronald L. Bozek, Michael A. Wang, Lizhu TI Comparison of macroinvertebrate-derived stream quality metrics between snag and riffle habitats SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE land use; macroinvertebrate community assemblages; streams; riffles; snags; urbanization; discriminant analysis; imperviousness ID SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN STREAMS; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; WATERSHED URBANIZATION; BIOTIC INDEX; LAND-USE; COMMUNITIES; INSECTS; IMPACTS; RIVERS; FISH AB We compared benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage structure at snag and riffle habitats in 43 Wisconsin streams across a range of watershed urbanization using a variety of stream quality metrics. Discriminant analysis indicated that dominant taxa at riffles and snags differed; Hydropsychid caddisflies (Hydropsyche betteni and Cheumatopsyche spp.) and elmid beetles (Optioservus spp. and Stenemlis spp.) typified riffles, whereas isopods (Asellus intermedius) and amphipods (Hyalella azteca and Gammarus pseudolimnaeus) predominated in snags. Analysis of covariance indicated that samples from snag and riffle habitats differed significantly in their response to the urbanization gradient for the Hilsenhoff biotic index (BI), Shannon's diversity index, and percent of filterers, shredders, and pollution intolerant Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) at each stream site (p <= 0.10). These differences suggest that although macroinvertebrate assemblages present in either habitat type are sensitive to detecting the effects of urbanization, metrics derived from different habitats should not be intermixed when assessing stream quality through biomonitoring. This can be a limitation to resource managers who wish to compare water quality among streams where the same habitat type is not available at all stream locations, or where a specific habitat type (i.e., a riffle) is required to determine a metric value (i.e., BI). To account for differences in stream quality at sites lacking riffle habitat, snag-derived metric values can be adjusted based on those obtained from riffles that have been exposed to the same level of urbanization. Comparison of nonlinear regression equations that related stream quality metric values from the two habitat types to percent watershed urbanization indicated that snag habitats had on average 30.2 fewer percent EPT individuals, a lower diversity index value than riffles, and a BI value of 0.29 greater than riffles. C1 [Stepenuck, Kristine F.; Bozek, Michael A.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Stepenuck, KF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, 445 Henry Mall,Room 202, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kfstepenuck@wisc.edu NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 670 EP 678 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00197.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 302BY UT WOS:000255945000011 ER PT J AU Hitt, NP Angermeier, PL AF Hitt, Nathaniel P. Angermeier, Paul L. TI Evidence for fish dispersal from spatial analysis of stream network topology SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stream network topology; fish assemblage structure; dispersal; conservation; bioassessment; Mantel test; Mid-Atlantic Highlands ID RIVER CONTINUUM CONCEPT; ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; SPECIES RICHNESS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; EXTINCTION RISK; UNITED-STATES; BULL TROUT; HABITAT; CONNECTIVITY AB Developing spatially explicit conservation strategies for stream fishes requires an understanding of the spatial structure of dispersal within stream networks. We explored spatial patterns of stream fish dispersal by evaluating how the size and proximity of connected streams (i.e., stream network topology) explained variation in fish assemblage structure and how this relationship varied with local stream size. We used data from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program in wadeable streams of the Mid-Atlantic Highlands region (n = 308 sites). We quantified stream network topology with a continuous analysis based on the rate of downstream flow accumulation from sites and with a discrete analysis based on the presence of mainstem river confluences (i.e., basin area >250 km(2)) within 20 fluvial km (flan) from sites. Continuous variation in stream network topology was related to local species richness within a distance of similar to 10 fkm, suggesting an influence of fish dispersal within this spatial grain. This effect was explained largely by catostomid species, cyprinid species, and riverine species, but was not explained by zoogeographic regions, ecoregions, sampling period, or spatial autocorrelation. Sites near mainstem river confluences supported greater species richness and abundance of catostomid, cyprinid, and ictalurid fishes than did sites >20 fkm from such confluences. Assemblages at sites on the smallest streams were not related to stream network topology, consistent with the hypothesis that local stream size regulates the influence of regional dispersal. These results demonstrate that the size and proximity of connected streams influence the spatial distribution of fish and suggest that these influences can be incorporated into the designs of stream bioassessments and reserves to enhance management efficacy. C1 [Hitt, Nathaniel P.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Angermeier, Paul L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fis & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Hitt, NP (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM than@vt.edu; biota@vt.edu NR 65 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 6 U2 60 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 304 EP 320 DI 10.1899/07-096.1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 305KV UT WOS:000256178200007 ER PT J AU Vaughn, CC Nichols, SJ Spooner, DE AF Vaughn, Caryn C. Nichols, S. Jerrine Spooner, Daniel E. TI Community and foodweb ecology of freshwater mussels SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biennial Symposium of the Freshwater-Mollusk-Conservation-Society CY MAR, 2007 CL Little Rock, AR SP Freshwater Mollusk Conservat Soc DE Unionoidea; feeding behavior; nutrient cycling; species interactions; context-dependent effects ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; UNIONID MUSSELS; NORTH-AMERICA; ENERGY ALLOCATION; TROPHIC POSITION; FUNCTIONAL-ROLE; ZEBRA MUSSELS; VILLOSA-IRIS; BIVALVES; FACILITATION AB Freshwater mussel (Superfamily Unionoidea) communities are important components of food webs, and they link and influence multiple trophic levels. Mussels filter food from both the water column and sediment with ciliated gills. Differences in cilia structure and arrangement might allow mussel species to partition food resources. Mussels are omnivores that feed across trophic levels on bacteria, algae, detritus, zooplankton, and perhaps, dissolved organic matter. Living mussels and their spent shells provide or improve habitat for other organisms by providing physical structure, stabilizing and bioturbating sediments, and influencing food availability directly and indirectly through biodeposition of organic matter and nutrient excretion. Effects of mussel communities on nutrient translocation and cycling depend on mussel abundance, species composition, and environmental conditions. Nutrient-related mussel effects influence multiple trophic levels. Healthy mussel communities occur as multispecies assemblages in which species interactions are probably very important. Food limitation and competition among species have been documented, but so have positive species interactions, and rare species have been shown to benefit energetically from living in species-rich communities. Effects of mussel species on ecosystem services and food webs vary across spatial and temporal scales, and the relative importance of competition and facilitation might change at different scales. C1 [Vaughn, Caryn C.] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Vaughn, Caryn C.] Univ Oklahoma, Grad Program Ecol & Evolut Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Nichols, S. Jerrine] US Geol Survey, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Vaughn, CC (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM cvaughn@ou.edu; sjnichols@usgs.gov; dspooner45@gmail.com RI Vaughn, Caryn /D-8534-2011 NR 95 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 58 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 409 EP 423 DI 10.1899/07-058.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 305KV UT WOS:000256178200014 ER PT J AU Newton, TJ Woolnough, DA Strayer, DL AF Newton, Teresa J. Woolnough, Daelyn A. Strayer, David L. TI Using landscape ecology to understand and manage freshwater mussel populations SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE landscape ecology; freshwater mussels; patches; connectivity; spatial scales; watershed processes; habitat ID HYDROLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS; UNIONID MUSSELS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; LAND-USE; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; RIVERINE LANDSCAPES; STREAM ECOSYSTEMS; MICROHABITAT USE; NORTH-AMERICA AB Mussel populations and the environments they inhabit are heterogeneous and fragmented. We review 3 areas in which principles of landscape ecology might be applied to the scientific understanding and management of freshwater mussels. First, recent studies show that hydraulics can be used successfully to delineate patches of mussel habitat, but additional variables such as host fish, food, or predators are probably important under certain conditions. However, research on patch dynamics in freshwater mussels is in its infancy, and we do not know if existing methods to delineate patches are adequate. Second, mussel ecologists are starting to think about the importance of connectivity among habitat patches. Major challenges will be to determine whether connectivity can be estimated in the field and whether human activities that reduce connectivity (e.g., dams) have produced large extinction debts in mussel populations. Third, we need to better understand the links between events on the watershed (e.g., timing and amounts of water, nutrient, and sediment inputs) and the quality, extent, location, and connections among patches of mussel habitats. Because of its focus on patterns and processes, landscape ecology has the potential to improve scientific understanding and management of mussel populations and, in particular, to help define the best spatial scales for scientific studies and management activities. C1 [Newton, Teresa J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Woolnough, Daelyn A.] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Strayer, David L.] Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP Newton, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM tnewton@usgs.gov; daelynwoolnough@trentu.ca; strayerd@ecostudies.org RI Strayer, David/H-3788-2011; OI Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 NR 119 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 44 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 424 EP 439 DI 10.1899/07-076.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 305KV UT WOS:000256178200015 ER PT J AU Cope, WG Bringolf, RB Buchwalter, DB Newton, TJ Ingersoll, CG Wang, N Augspurger, T Dwyer, FJ Barnhart, MC Neves, RJ Hammer, E AF Cope, W. Gregory Bringolf, Robert B. Buchwalter, David B. Newton, Teresa J. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Wang, Ning Augspurger, Tom Dwyer, F. James Barnhart, M. Christopher Neves, Richard J. Hammer, Edward TI Differential exposure, duration, and sensitivity of unionoidean bivalve life stages to environmental contaminants SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussel; habitat; pollution; Unionidae; water quality ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; UNIONID MUSSELS; CHRONIC TOXICITY; LAMPSILIS-SILIQUOIDEA; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; COMPLANATA MOLLUSCA; QUALITY GUIDANCE; NORTH-AMERICA; GLOCHIDIA AB Freshwater mussels (superfamily Unionoidea) are in serious global decline and in urgent need of protection and conservation. The declines have been attributed to a wide array of human activities resulting in pollution and water-quality degradation, and habitat destruction and alteration. Linkages among poor water quality, pollutant sources, and mussel decline in rivers and streams have been associated with results of laboratory-based tests of specific pollutants. However, uncertainties remain about the relationship of laboratory data to actual contaminant exposure routes for various mussel species, life stages, and in the habitats occupied during these exposures. We evaluated the pathways of exposure to environmental pollutants for all 4 life stages (free glochidia, encysted glochidia, juveniles, adults) of unionoidean mussels and found that each life stage has both common and. unique characteristics that contribute to observed differences in exposure and sensitivity. Free glochiclia typically are exposed only briefly (e.g., seconds to days) through surface water, whereas adults sustain exposure over years to decades through surface water, pore water, sediment, and diet. juveniles live largely burrowed in the sediment for the first 0 to 4 y of life. Thus, sediment, pore water, and diet are the predominant exposure routes for this life stage, but surface water also might contribute to exposure during certain periods and environmental conditions. The obligate parasitic stage (encysted glochidia stage) on a host fish might be exposed from surface water while partially encysted or from toxicants in host-fish tissue while fully encysted. Laboratory methods for testing for acute and chronic exposures in water have advanced, and toxicant-specific information has increased in recent years. However, additional research is needed to understand interactions of life history; habitat, and long-term exposure to contaminants through water, pore water, sediment, and diet so that the risks of environmental exposures can be properly assessed and managed. C1 [Cope, W. Gregory; Bringolf, Robert B.; Buchwalter, David B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Newton, Teresa J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Wang, Ning] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Augspurger, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Field Off, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. [Dwyer, F. James] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Field Off, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Barnhart, M. Christopher] SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. [Neves, Richard J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hammer, Edward] US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Cope, WG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM greg_cope@ncsu.edu; robert_bringolf@ncsu.edu; david_buchwalter@ncsu.edu; tnewton@usgs.gov; cingersoll@usgs.gov; nwang@usgs.gov; tom_augspurger@fws.gov; jim_dwyer@fws.gov; chrisbarnhart@missouristate.edu; mussel@vt.edu; hammer.edward@epa.gov OI Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 NR 62 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 32 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 451 EP 462 DI 10.1899/07-094.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 305KV UT WOS:000256178200017 ER PT J AU Thompson, KR Rawles, SD Metts, LS Smith, R Wimsatt, A Gannam, AL Twibell, RG Johnson, RB Brady, YJ Webster, CD AF Thompson, Kenneth R. Rawles, Steven D. Metts, Linda S. Smith, Re'gie Wimsatt, Ashley Gannam, Ann L. Twibell, Ronald G. Johnson, Ronald B. Brady, Yolanda J. Webster, Carl D. TI Digestibility of dry matter, protein, lipid, and organic matter of two fish meals, two poultry by-product meals, soybean meal, and distiller's dried grains with solubles in practical diets for sunshine bass, Morone chrysops x M-Saxatilis SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; COD GADUS-MORHUA; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; RAINBOW-TROUT; FEED INGREDIENTS; STRIPED BASS; NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY; CHANNEL CATFISH AB Limited information is available on digestibility of nutrients in various practical ingredients used in diets for commercially important finfish species, such as hybrid striped bass. This information is especially needed for sunshine bass, Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis, to improve least-cost diet formulations and to allow effective substitution of feedstuffs. A study was conducted with large (867 g) sunshine bass to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for moisture, protein, lipid, and organic matter (OM) in a variety of ingredients in floating, extrusion-processed, diets. The practical ingredients tested were menhaden (MEN) fish meal (FM), anchovy (ANCH) FM, pet-food grade poultry by-product meal, feed-grade poultry by-product meal, dehulled soybean meal (SBM), and distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Test diets consisted of a 70:30 mixture of reference diet to test ingredient with chromic oxide (1.0%) as the inert marker. Reference and test diet ingredients were mixed and extruded on a Wenger X85 single-screw extruder to produce floating pellets. The digestibility trials were conducted in twelve 1200-L circular tanks. Diets were randomly assigned to tanks of 30 sunshine bass and were fed once daily to satiation. Protein digestibility coefficients were significantly (P < 0.05) different among test ingredients and ranged from 86.42% for MEN to 64.94% for DDGS. Lipid ADCs were significantly different (P < 0.05) among test ingredients and ranged from 92.14% for MEN to 57.11% for SBM. OM ADCs were significantly different (P < 0.05) among test ingredients and ranged from 89.41% for MEN to 16.94% for DDGS. This information will assist in the formulation of more efficient, economical diets for sunshine bass. C1 [Thompson, Kenneth R.; Metts, Linda S.; Smith, Re'gie; Wimsatt, Ashley; Webster, Carl D.] Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Rawles, Steven D.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Gannam, Ann L.; Twibell, Ronald G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Johnson, Ronald B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Brady, Yolanda J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Webster, CD (reprint author), Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. NR 68 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 39 IS 3 BP 352 EP 363 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2008.00174.x PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 304LF UT WOS:000256110300005 ER PT J AU Reisen, WK Cayan, D Tyree, M Barker, CA Eldridge, B Dettinger, M AF Reisen, William K. Cayan, Daniel Tyree, Mary Barker, Christopher A. Eldridge, Bruce Dettinger, Michael TI Impact of climate variation on mosquito abundance in California SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate variation; California; virus vector; Culex tarsalis; disease risk; forecasting ID CULEX TARSALIS DIPTERA; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; CULICIDAE; VARIABILITY; COACHELLA; DYNAMICS; WEATHER AB Temporal variation in the abundance of the encephalitis virus vector mosquito, Culex tarsalis Coquillet, was linked significantly with coincident and antecedent measures of regional climate, including temperature, precipitation, snow pack, and the El Nino/Southern Oscillation anomaly. Although variable among traps, historical records that spanned two to five decades revealed climate influences on spring and summer mosquito abundance as early as the previous fall through early summer. Correlations between winter and spring precipitation and snow pack and spring Cx. tarsalis abundance were stronger than correlations with summer abundance. Spring abundance was also correlated positively with winter and spring temperature, whereas summer abundance correlated negatively with spring temperature and not significantly with summer temperature. Correlations with antecedent climate provide the opportunity to forecast vector abundance and therefore encephalitis virus risk, a capability useful in intervention decision support systems at local and state levels. C1 [Reisen, William K.; Barker, Christopher A.; Eldridge, Bruce] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Vectorborne Dis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cayan, Daniel; Tyree, Mary; Dettinger, Michael] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Climate Div, US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Reisen, WK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Vectorborne Dis, Old Davis Rd, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI55607] NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 17 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.3376/1081-1710(2008)33[89:IOCVOM]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325MD UT WOS:000257592100011 PM 18697311 ER PT J AU Thiagarajan, B Cully, JF Loughin, TM Montenieri, JA Gage, KL AF Thiagarajan, Bala Cully, Jack F., Jr. Loughin, Thomas M. Montenieri, John A. Gage, Kenneth L. TI Geographic variation in rodent-flea relationships in the presence of black-tailed prairie dog colonies SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fleas; rodents; generalized linear mixed models; prairie dogs; infestation ID NEW-MEXICO; PLAGUE; SIPHONAPTERA; HOST; CERATOPHYLLIDAE; CALIFORNIA; ECOLOGY; HABITAT; MAMMALS; COMPLEX AB We characterized the relationship between fleas and their rodent hosts in the presence of prairie dog colonies and compared them to adjacent assemblages away from colonies. We evaluated the rodent-flea relationship by quantifying prevalence, probability of infestation, flea load, and intensity of fleas on rodents. As prairie dog burrows provide refugia for fleas, we hypothesized that prevalence, flea load, and intensity would be higher for rodents that are associated with black-tailed prairie dog colonies. Rodents were trapped at off- and on-colony grids, resulting in the collection of 4,509 fleas from 1,430 rodents in six study areas. The rodent community composition varied between these study areas. Flea species richness was not different between prairie dog colonies and the surrounding grasslands (p = 0.883) but was positively correlated with rodent species richness (p = 0.055). Prairie dog colonies did not increase the prevalence of fleas (p > 0.10). Flea loads on rodents did not vary between off- and on-colony grids at three of the study areas (p > 0.10). Based on the prevalence, infestation rates, and flea loads, we identified Peromyscus maniculatus, Onychomys leucogaster, and two Neotoma species as important rodent hosts for fleas and Aetheca wagneri, Orchopeus leucopus, Peromyscopsylla hesperomys, Pleochaetis exilis, and Thrassis fotus as the most important fleas associated with these rodents. Prairie dog colonies did not seem to facilitate transmission of fleas between rodent hosts, and the few rodent-flea associations exhibited significant differences between off- and on-colony grids. C1 [Thiagarajan, Bala] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Cully, Jack F., Jr.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Cully, Jack F., Jr.] Kansas State Univ, USGS, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Loughin, Thomas M.] Simon Fraser Univ, Surrey, BC V3T 0A3, Canada. [Montenieri, John A.; Gage, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Thiagarajan, B (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 178 EP 190 DI 10.3376/1081-1710(2008)33[178:GVIRRI]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325MD UT WOS:000257592100022 PM 18697322 ER PT J AU Harr, KE Allison, K Bonde, RK Murphy, D Harvey, JW AF Harr, Kendal E. Allison, Kathryn Bonde, Robert K. Murphy, David Harvey, John W. TI Comparison of blood aminotransferase methods for assessment of myopathy and hepatopathy in florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aminotransferase; capture myopathy; liver; muscle; pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (P5P); Trichechus manatus latirostris ID CHEMISTRY ANALYZERS; PYRIDOXAL-PHOSPHATE; APOENZYME; HEALTHY; ALANINE; DISEASE; SERUM AB Muscle injury is common in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is frequently used to assess muscular damage in capture myopathy and traumatic injury. Therefore, accurate measurement of AST and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is important in managed, free-ranging animals, as well as in those rehabilitating from injury. Activities of these enzymes, however, are usually not increased in manatees with either acute or chronic muscle damage, despite marked increases in plasma creatine kinase activity. It is hypothesized that this absence of response is due to apoenzymes in the blood not detected by commonly used veterinary assays. Addition of coenzyme pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P5P or vitamin B6) should, therefore, result in higher measured enzyme activities. The objective of this study was to determine the most accurate, precise, and diagnostically useful method for aminotransferase measurement in manatees that can be used in veterinary practices and diagnostic laboratories. Additionally, appropriate collection and storage techniques were assessed. The use of an optimized commercial wet chemical assay with 100 mu mol P5P resulted in a positive bias of measured enzyme activities in a healthy population of animals. However, AST and ALT were still much lower than that typically observed in domestic animals and should not be used alone in the assessment of capture myopathy and muscular trauma. Additionally, the dry chemistry analyzer, typically used in clinics, reported significantly higher and less precise AST and ALT activities with poor correlation to those measured with wet chemical methods found in diagnostic laboratories. Therefore, these results cannot be clinically compared. Overall, the optimized wet chemical method was the most precise and diagnostically useful measurement of aminotransferase in samples. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between paired serum and plasma measurement, indicating that separate reference intervals should be established for serum and plasma. Finally, storage of these enzymes at -70 degrees C for 1 mo resulted in up to a 25% decrease in enzymatic activity in manatee plasma. C1 [Harr, Kendal E.] FVP Consultants Inc, Bushnell, FL 33513 USA. [Allison, Kathryn] Longwood Vet Clin, Longwood, FL 32750 USA. [Harvey, John W.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Bonde, Robert K.] US Geol Survey, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. [Murphy, David] Lowry Zool Pk, Tampa, FL 33604 USA. RP Harr, KE (reprint author), 7805 SW 19th Pl, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. EM drharr@fvpconsultants.com OI Harr, Kendal/0000-0001-5390-3586; Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 39 IS 2 BP 180 EP 187 DI 10.1638/2007-0134R.1 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 304JR UT WOS:000256106300006 PM 18634208 ER PT J AU Chaloupka, M Work, TM Balazs, GH Murakawa, SKK Morris, R AF Chaloupka, Milani Work, Thierry M. Balazs, George H. Murakawa, Shawn K. K. Morris, Robert TI Cause-specific temporal and spatial trends in green sea turtle strandings in the Hawaiian Archipelago (1982-2003) SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOMATIC GROWTH DYNAMICS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CHELONIA-MYDAS; MARINE DEBRIS; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; RESIDENT; RECOVERY; ISLANDS AB We investigated cause-specific temporal and spatial trends in sea turtle strandings in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Five species of sea turtle were recorded in 3,861 strandings over a 22-year period (1982-2003). Green turtles comprised 97% of these strandings with size and gender composition reflecting the demographic structure of the resident green turtle population and relative green turtle abundance in Hawaiian waters. The cause of strandings was determined by necropsy based on a complete gross external and internal examination. Totally 75% of the 3,732 green turtle strandings were from Oahu where strandings occur year-round. The most common known cause of the green turtle strandings was the tumour-forming disease, fibropapillomatosis (28%) followed by hook-and-line fishing gear-induced trauma (7%), gillnet fishing gear-induced trauma (5%), boat strike (2.5%), and shark attack (2.7%). Miscellaneous causes comprised 5.4% of strandings whereas 49% of green turtle strandings could not be attributed to any known cause. Green turtle strandings attributable to boat strike were more likely from Kauai and Oahu while fibropapilloma strandings were more likely from Oahu and Maui. Hook-and-line gear strandings were more likely from Oahu due to higher per capita inshore fishing effort. The specific mortality rate (conditional probability) for fibropapillomatosis was 88%, 69% for gillnet gear and 52% for hook-and-line gear. The probability of a dead green turtle stranding increased from 1982 but levelled off by the mid-1990s. The declining mortality risk was because the prevalence and severity of fibropapillomatosis has decreased recently and so has the mortality risk attributable to gillnet gear. Despite exposure to disease and inshore fishing gears, the Hawaiian green turtle stock continues to recover following protection since the late 1970s. Nevertheless, measures to reduce incidental capture of sea turtles in coastal Hawaiian fisheries would be prudent, especially since strandings attributable to hook-and-line fishing gear have increased steadily since 1982. C1 [Chaloupka, Milani] Univ Queensland, Ecol Modelling Serv Pty Ltd, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Work, Thierry M.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Balazs, George H.; Murakawa, Shawn K. K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Chaloupka, M (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ecol Modelling Serv Pty Ltd, POB 6150, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. EM m.chaloupka@uq.edu.au RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 41 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 154 IS 5 BP 887 EP 898 DI 10.1007/s00227-008-0981-4 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 307TC UT WOS:000256340200013 ER PT J AU Hamilton, T Seagars, D Jokela, T Layton, D AF Hamilton, Terry Seagars, Dana Jokela, Terry Layton, David TI Cs-137 and Po-210 in Pacific walrus and bearded seal from St. Lawrence Island, Alaska SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Cs-137; Po-210; Bering sea; bearded seal; Pacific walrus; concentration factors ID ERIGNATHUS-BARBATUS; TRACE-METALS; ASSOCIATIONS; DIET AB The activity concentration of Cesium-137 (Cs-137) and naturally-occurring Polonium-210 (Po-210) were measured in the muscle tissue, kidney and liver of Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) and bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) collected by native hunters from the Bering Sea during May 1996. The mean Cs-137 concentrations in muscle, liver and kidney of Pacific walrus were 0.07, 0.09 and 0.07 Bq kg(-1) (n = 5, wet weight), respectively, and 0.17, 0.10, and 0.17 Bq kg(-1) (n = 2, wet weight), respectively, in bearded seal. In general, Cs-137 tissue concentrations are significantly lower than those previously reported for mammals from other regions. By comparison, Po-210 activity concentrations are more variable and appear to be higher level compared with mammal data from other regions. The mean Po-210 concentration in the muscle tissue, liver and kidney of Pacific walrus (n = 5, wet weight) were 28.7, 189, and 174 Bq kg(-1), respectively. This compares with Po-210 concentration values (n = 2, wet weight) of 27, 207 and 68 Bq kg(-1) measured in the muscle tissue, liver and kidney, of bearded seal, respectively. Estimated concentration factors-as defined by the radionuclide concentration ratio between the target tissue to that in sea water-were two to three orders of magnitude higher for Po-210 that those of Cs-137. We conclude from radiological dose estimates that ingestion of Cs-137 in foods derived from walrus and seal will pose no threat to human health. This work has important implications for assessment of risks of Alaskan coastal communities concerned about the dumping of nuclear waste in the Russia Arctic. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hamilton, Terry; Jokela, Terry; Layton, David] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Seagars, Dana] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management Field Off, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Hamilton, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hamilton18@llnl.gov NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1158 EP 1167 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.02.024 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 322LU UT WOS:000257377400026 PM 18371988 ER PT J AU Stavros, HCW Bonde, RK Fair, PA AF Stavros, Hui-Chen W. Bonde, Robert K. Fair, Patricia A. TI Concentrations of trace elements in blood and skin of Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; CHEMICAL-ELEMENTS; MARINE MAMMALS; CETACEANS; CONTAMINANTS; ALUMINUM; HABITS; RATES; COAST C1 [Stavros, Hui-Chen W.; Fair, Patricia A.] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Re, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Bonde, Robert K.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP Stavros, HCW (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Re, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM huichen.stavros@noaa.gov OI Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1221 EP 1225 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.03.035 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 322LU UT WOS:000257377400035 PM 18468646 ER PT J AU Cravotta, CA Ward, SJ AF Cravotta, Charles A., III Ward, Suzanne J. TI Downflow Limestone Beds for Treatment of Net-Acidic, Oxic, Iron-Laden Drainage from a Flooded Anthracite Mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 1. Field Evaluation SO MINE WATER AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Coal mine drainage; Passive treatment; Dolomite; Limestone; Compost; Downflow beds AB Passive-treatment systems that route acidic mine drainage (AMD) through crushed limestone and/or organic-rich substrates have been used to remove the acidity and metals from various AMD sources, with a wide range of effects. This study evaluates treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden AMD with limestone alone, and with organic-rich compost layered with the limestone. In the fall of 2003, a treatment system consisting of two parallel, 500-m(2) downflow cells followed by a 400-m(2) aerobic settling pond and wetland was installed to neutralize the AMD from the Bell Mine, a large source of AMD and baseflow to the Schuylkill River in the Southern Anthracite Coalfield, in east-central Pennsylvania. Each downflow cell consisted of a lower substrate layer of 1,090 metric tons (t) of dolomitic limestone (60 wt% CaCO(3)) and an upper layer of 300 t of calcitic limestone (95 wt% CaCO(3)); one of the downflow cells also included a 0.3 m thick layer of mushroom compost over the limestone. AMD with pH of 3.5-4.3, dissolved oxygen of 6.6-9.9 mg/L, iron of 1.9-5.4 mg/L, and aluminum of 0.8-1.9 mg/L flooded each cell to a depth 0.65 m above the treatment substrates, percolated through the substrates to underlying, perforated outflow pipes, and then flowed through the aerobic pond and wetland before discharging to the Schuylkill River. Data on the flow rates and chemistry of the effluent for the treatment system indicated substantial neutralization by the calcitic limestone but only marginal effects from the dolomitic limestone or compost. Because of its higher transmissivity, the treatment cell containing only limestone neutralized greater quantities of acidity than the cell containing compost and limestone. On average, the treatment system removed 62% of the influent acidity, 47% of the dissolved iron, 34% of the dissolved aluminum, and 8% of the dissolved manganese. Prior to treatment of the Bell Discharge, the Schuylkill River immediately below its confluence with the discharge had pH as low as 4.1 and supported few, if any, fish. However, within the first year of treatment, the pH was maintained at values of 5.0 or greater and native brook trout were documented immediately below the treatment system, though not above. C1 [Cravotta, Charles A., III; Ward, Suzanne J.] USGS PA Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Cravotta, CA (reprint author), USGS PA Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. EM cravotta@usgs.gov NR 74 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1025-9112 J9 MINE WATER ENVIRON JI Mine Water Environ. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 67 EP 85 DI 10.1007/s10230-008-0029-5 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA V15FA UT WOS:000207786700002 ER PT J AU Cravotta, CA Ward, SJ Hammarstrom, JM AF Cravotta, Charles A., III Ward, Suzanne J. Hammarstrom, Jane M. TI Downflow Limestone Beds for Treatment of Net-Acidic, Oxic, Iron-Laden Drainage from a Flooded Anthracite Mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 2. Laboratory Evaluation SO MINE WATER AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Coal mine drainage; Cubitainer tests; Dolomite; Kinetics modelling; Limestone; Passive treatment AB Acidic mine drainage (AMD) containing elevated concentrations of dissolved iron and other metals can be neutralized to varying degrees by reactions with limestone in passive treatment systems. We evaluated the chemical and mineralogical characteristics and the effectiveness of calcitic and dolomitic limestone for the neutralization of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden AMD from a flooded anthracite mine. The calcitic limestone, with CaCO(3) and MgCO(3) contents of 99.8 and < 0.1 wt%, respectively, and the dolomitic limestone, with CaCO(3) and MgCO(3) contents of 60.3 and 40.2 wt%, were used to construct a downflow treatment system in 2003 at the Bell Mine, a large source of AMD and baseflow to the Schuylkill River in the Southern Anthracite Coalfield, in east-central Pennsylvania. In the winter of 2002-2003, laboratory neutralization-rate experiments evaluated the evolution of effluent quality during 2 weeks of continuous contact between AMD from the Bell Mine and the crushed calcitic or dolomitic limestone in closed, collapsible containers (cubitainers). The cubitainer tests showed that: (1) net-alkaline effluent could be achieved with detention times greater than 3 h, (2) effluent alkalinities and associated dissolution rates were equivalent for uncoated and Fe(OH)(3)-coated calcitic limestone, and (3) effluent alkalinities and associated dissolution rates for dolomitic limestone were about half those for calcitic limestone. The dissolution rate data for the cubitainer tests were used with data on the volume of effuent and surface area of limestone in the treatment system at the Bell Mine to evaluate the water-quality data for the first 1.5 years of operation of the treatment system. These rate models supported the interpretation of field results and indicated that treatment benefits were derived mainly from the dissolution of calcitic limestone, despite a greater quantity of dolomitic limestone within the treatment system. The dissolution-rate models were extrapolated on a decadal scale to indicate the expected decreases in the mass of limestone and associated alkalinities resulting from the long-term reaction of AMD with the treatment substrate. The models indicated the calcitic limestone would need to be replenished approaching the 5-year anniversary of treatment operations to maintain net-alkaline effluent quality. C1 [Cravotta, Charles A., III; Ward, Suzanne J.] USGS PA Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. [Hammarstrom, Jane M.] USGS Eastern Mineral Resources Program, Reston, VA 20191 USA. RP Cravotta, CA (reprint author), USGS PA Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. EM cravotta@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1025-9112 J9 MINE WATER ENVIRON JI Mine Water Environ. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 86 EP 99 DI 10.1007/s10230-008-0031-y PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA V15FA UT WOS:000207786700003 ER PT J AU Velasco, AA Hernandez, S Parsons, T Pankow, K AF Velasco, Aaron A. Hernandez, Stephen Parsons, Tom Pankow, Kris TI Global ubiquity of dynamic earthquake triggering SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DENALI FAULT EARTHQUAKE; STATIC STRESS CHANGES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; RUPTURE DIRECTIVITY; SURFACE-WAVES; 1999 IZMIT; SEISMICITY; ALASKA; LANDERS; MAGNITUDE AB Earthquakes can be triggered by local changes in the stress field (static triggering(1-7)) due to nearby earthquakes or by stresses caused by the passage of surface ( Rayleigh and Love) waves from a remote, large earthquake (dynamic triggering(8-18)). However, the mechanism, frequency, controlling factors and the global extent of dynamic triggering are yet to be fully understood. Because Rayleigh waves involve compressional and dilatational particle motion (volumetric changes) as well as shearing, whereas Love waves only involve shearing, triggering by either wave type implies fundamentally different physical mechanisms. Here, we analyse broadband seismograms from over 500 globally distributed stations and use an automated approach to systematically identify small triggered earthquakes - the low-amplitude signals of such earthquakes would normally be masked by high-amplitude surface waves. Our analysis reveals that out of 15 earthquakes studied of magnitude (M) greater than 7.0 that occurred after 1990, 12 are associated with significant increases in the detection of smaller earthquakes during the passage of both the Love and Rayleigh waves. We conclude that dynamic triggering is a ubiquitous phenomenon that is independent of the tectonic environment of the main earthquake or the triggered event. C1 [Velasco, Aaron A.; Hernandez, Stephen] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Parsons, Tom] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Pankow, Kris] Univ Utah, Seismograph Stn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Velasco, AA (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM velasco@geo.utep.edu RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; Velasco, Aaron/H-2666-2012; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338; hernandez, stephen/0000-0002-8990-4027 NR 24 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 1 IS 6 BP 375 EP 379 DI 10.1038/ngeo204 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 309BC UT WOS:000256433700014 ER PT J AU Muhlfeld, CC Bennett, DH Steinhorst, RK Marotz, B Boyer, M AF Muhlfeld, Clint C. Bennett, David H. Steinhorst, R. Kirk Marotz, Brian Boyer, Matthew TI Using bioenergetics modeling to estimate consumption of native juvenile salmonids by nonnative northern pike in the upper Flathead River System, Montana SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; SUBADULT BULL TROUT; ESOX-LUCIUS; POPULATION-SIZE; SMALLMOUTH BASS; HABITAT USE; 3 ESOCIDS; LAKE; CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY AB Introductions of normative northern pike Esox lucius have created recreational fisheries in many waters in the United States and Canada, yet many studies have shown that introduced northern pike may alter the composition and structure of fish communities through predation. We estimated the abundance of normative northern pike (2002-2003) and applied food habits data (1999-2003) to estimate their annual consumption of native bull trout Salvelinus confluentus and westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi juveniles in the upper Flathead River system, Montana. Population estimates were generally consistent among years and ranged from 1,200 to 1,300 individuals. Westslope cutthroat trout were present in the diet of younger (<600 mm) and older (>600 mm) northern pike during all seasons and bull trout were found only in larger northern pike during all seasons but summer. Bioenergetics modeling estimated that the northern pike population annually consumed a total of 8.0 metric tons (mt) of fish flesh; the highest biomass was composed of cyprmids (4.95 mt) followed by whitefishes Prosopitan spp. (1.02 mt), bull trout (0.80 mt), westslope cutthroat trout (0.68 mt), yellow perch Percaflavescens (0.41 mt),' and other fishes (centrarchids and cottids; 0.14 mt). Numerically, the northern pike population consumed more than 342,000 fish; cyprinids and catostomids comprised approximately 82% of prey fish (278,925), whereas over 13,000 westslope cutthroat trout and nearly 3,500 bull trout were eaten, comprising about 5% of the prey consumed. Our results suggest that predation by introduced northern pike is contributing to the lower abundance of native salmonids in the system and that a possible benefit might accrue to native salmonids by reducing these predatory interactions. C1 [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Off, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Bennett, David H.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Steinhorst, R. Kirk] Univ Idaho, Dept Math & Stat, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Marotz, Brian; Boyer, Matthew] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. RP Muhlfeld, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Off, Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 636 EP 648 DI 10.1577/M07-004.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328EH UT WOS:000257780100003 ER PT J AU Corradin, LM Hansen, MJ Schreiner, DR Seider, MJ AF Corradin, Lisa M. Hansen, Michael J. Schreiner, Donald R. Seider, Michael J. TI Recruitment dynamics of lake trout in western Lake Superior during 1988-1995 SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS PREDATION; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; MICHIGAN WATERS; US WATERS; POPULATION; RESTORATION; MOVEMENTS; GROWTH; WILD; MANAGEMENT AB Stocks of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Superior are recovering from historical collapse. Stocking, control of sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus, and harvest restrictions have aided lake trout recovery, but the contribution of stocked lake trout to contemporary recruitment has not been quantified in western Lake Superior. Using variants of the Ricker stock-recruit model, we evaluated the production of age-7 lake trout (recruits) by examining age-8 and older wild and stocked parental lake trout (spawners). We found that density of wild lake trout spawners and recruits increased during 1980-2003, whereas the density of stocked spawners decreased in all management areas. Two competing models best described recruit density of the 1988-2003 year-classes: (1) wild and stocked parents each contributed to recruitment but stocked parents contributed negatively and (2) only wild parents contributed to recruitment. Recruitment rates declined significantly with increasing spawner density in four of five management areas, which suggests that recruitment is density dependent in much of western Lake Superior. We conclude that stocked lake trout did not contribute significantly to lake trout rehabilitation in western Lake Superior during 1980-1995. C1 [Corradin, Lisa M.; Hansen, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Schreiner, Donald R.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Lake Super Area Fisheries Program, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Seider, Michael J.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Lake Super Off, Bayfield, WI 54814 USA. RP Corradin, LM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 3090 Wright St, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM lisa_corradin@fws.gov OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-8522-3876 NR 64 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 663 EP 677 DI 10.1577/M06-266.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328EH UT WOS:000257780100005 ER PT J AU Wayman, WR Looney, GL Holm, RJ Tiersch, TR AF Wayman, William R. Looney, Gregory L. Holm, Robert J. Tiersch, Terrence R. TI Cryopreservation of sperm from endangered pallid sturgeon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; SPERMATOZOA; STORAGE; HYBRIDIZATION; POPULATIONS; MISSOURI; BIOLOGY; FISH AB We sought to develop sperm cryopreservation methods for the pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus, a federally listed endangered species. Males were injected with synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone at 50 mu g/kg of body weight. After 24 h, sperm were collected, diluted at a ratio of 1:4 (sperm : extender) with Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS; diluted to 100 milliosmoles/kg), and kept refrigerated until use. Methanol was used as a cryoprotectant at concentrations of 5, 10, and 15% (volume per volume) and was mixed 1: 1 with HBSS before the experiment to reduce effects of initial mixing. Sperm were mixed with the cryoprotectant, loaded into 0.5-mL straws, packed into goblets (5 straws/goblet), and placed in the lower position on aluminum canes. Motility was estimated before freezing to determine the effects of cryoprotectant toxicity; there was no significant difference in motility at the concentrations tested (P = 0.4828). After a 2-min equilibration period, the canes were lowered into a nitrogen vapor shipping dewar. The cooling rate of -22 degrees C/min was recorded by thermocouples inserted into 0.5-mL straws filled with extender and cryoprotectant. After 1 year of storage in liquid nitrogen, straws were thawed in a 40 degrees C water bath for 9 s and motility was estimated. Postthaw motility did not differ among the cryoprotectants tested (P = 0.4880). Each sample was used to fertilize approximately 150 eggs, which were incubated at 21 degrees C. Sperm that was cryopreserved with 5% or 10% methanol produced eggs with significantly higher hatch rates did sperm cryopreserved with 15% methanol (P < 0.0001). The development of techniques for cryopreserved sperm of pallid sturgeon allows for the creation of germplasm repositories that will aid in the recovery of this endangered species. C1 [Wayman, William R.; Looney, Gregory L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. [Holm, Robert J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Riverdale, ND 58565 USA. [Tiersch, Terrence R.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Aquaculture Res Stn, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Wayman, WR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. EM william_wayman@fws.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 740 EP 744 DI 10.1577/M06-161.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328EH UT WOS:000257780100013 ER PT J AU Braaten, PJ Fuller, DB Holte, LD Lott, RD Viste, W Brandt, TF Legare, RG AF Braaten, Patrick J. Fuller, David B. Holte, Landon D. Lott, Ryan D. Viste, William Brandt, Tyrel F. Legare, Robert G. TI Drift dynamics of larval pallid sturgeon and shovelnose sturgeon in a natural side channel of the upper Missouri River, Montana SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID EARLY-LIFE INTERVALS; LAKE STURGEON; ONTOGENIC BEHAVIOR; WHITE STURGEON; ACIPENSER-MEDIROSTRIS; SIBERIAN STURGEON; GREEN STURGEON; BODY COLOR; MIGRATION; POPULATIONS AB The drift dynamics of larval shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (1, 2, 6, and 10 d posthatch [dph]) and pallid sturgeon S. albus (1, 2, 5, 9, 11, and 17 dph) were examined in a natural side channel of the Missouri River to quantify the vertical drift location of larvae in the water column, determine the drift velocity of larvae relative to water velocity, and simulate the cumulative distance (km) drifted by larvae during ontogenetic development. Larvae were released at the side-channel inlet and sampled at points 100, 500, 900, and 1,300 in downstream. Larvae drifted primarily near the riverbed, as 58-79% of recaptured shovelnose sturgeon and 63-89% of recaptured pallid sturgeon were sampled in the lower 0.5 m of the water column. The transition from the drifting to the benthic life stage was initiated at 6 dph (mean length, 15.6 mm) for shovelnose sturgeon and at 11-17 dph (mean length, 18.1-20.3 mm) for pallid sturgeon. Across ages, the drift rates of larval shovelnose sturgeon averaged 0.09-0.16 m/s slower than the mean water column velocity. The drift rates of pallid sturgeon were similar to or slightly slower (0.03-0.07 m/s) than the mean water column velocity for 1-11-dph larvae. Conversely, 17-dph larval pallid sturgeon dispersed downstream at a much slower rate (mean, 0.20 m/s slower than the mean water column velocity) owing to their transition to benthic habitats. Drift simulations indicated that the average larval shovelnose sturgeon may drift from 94 to 250 kin and the average larval pallid sturgeon may drift from 245 to 530 km, depending on water velocity. Differences in larval drift dynamics between species provide a possible explanation for differences in recruitment between shovelnose sturgeon and pallid sturgeon in the upper Missouri River. C1 [Braaten, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ft Peck Project Off, Ft Peck, MT 59223 USA. [Fuller, David B.; Holte, Landon D.; Lott, Ryan D.; Viste, William] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Ft Peck Fisheries Off, Ft Peck, MT 59223 USA. [Brandt, Tyrel F.; Legare, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Ft Peck Field Off, Ft Peck, MT 59223 USA. RP Braaten, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ft Peck Project Off, Ft Peck, MT 59223 USA. EM pbraaten@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 808 EP 826 DI 10.1577/M06-285.1 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328EH UT WOS:000257780100020 ER PT J AU Ely, PC Young, SP Isely, JJ AF Ely, Patrick C. Young, Shawn P. Isely, J. Jeffery TI Population size and relative abundance of adult Alabama shad reaching Jim Woodruff Lock and Dam, Apalachicola River, Florida SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material AB We estimated the population size of migrating Alabama shad Alosa alabamae below Jim Woodruff Lock and Dam in the Apalachicola River (located in the central panhandle of northwestern Florida) using mark-recapture and relative abundance techniques. After adjustment for tag loss, emigration, and mortality, the population size was estimated as 25,935 (95% confidence interval, 17,715-39,535) in 2005, 2,767 (838-5,031) in 2006, and 8,511 (5,211-14,674) in 2007. The cumulative catch rate from boat electrofishing averaged 20.47 Alabama shad per hour in 2005, 6.10 per hour in 2006, and 13.17 per hour in 2007. The relationship between population size (N) and electrofishing catch per unit effort (CPUE) was modeled by the equation N = -9008.2 + (electrofishing CPUE x 1616.4). Additionally, in 2007 the hook-and-line catch rate averaged 1.94 Alabama shad per rod hour, A predictive model relating the population size and hook-and-line CPUE of spawning American shad A. sapidissima was applied to Alabama shad hook-and-line CPUE and produced satisfactory results. Recent spawning populations of Alabama shad in the Apalachicola River are low relative to American shad populations in other southeastern U.S. rivers. C1 [Isely, J. Jeffery] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Ely, Patrick C.; Young, Shawn P.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Isely, JJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM jisely@clemson.edu NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 827 EP 831 DI 10.1577/M07-124.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328EH UT WOS:000257780100021 ER PT J AU Gerrity, PC Guy, CS Gardner, WM AF Gerrity, Paul C. Guy, Christopher S. Gardner, William M. TI Habitat use of juvenile pallid sturgeon and shovelnose sturgeon with implications for water-level management in a downstream reservoir SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; MISSOURI RIVER; SCAPHIRHYNCHUS-ALBUS; NORTH-DAKOTA; SOUTH-DAKOTA; MOVEMENTS; MONTANA; YELLOWSTONE; NEBRASKA AB Natural recruitment of pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus has not been observed in the Missouri River above Fort Peck Reservoir, Montana, for at least 20 years. To augment the population, age-1 hatchery-reared juvenile pallid sturgeon were released in 1998. The objective of this study was to evaluate the habitat use of these fish and compare it with that of indigenous shovelnose sturgeon S. platorynchus. Twenty-nine juvenile pallid sturgeon and 21 indigenous shovelnose sturgeon were implanted with radio transmitters in 2003 and 2004. The two species showed no differences in habitat use in terms of mean depth, cross-sectional relative depth, longitudinal relative depth, column velocity, bottom velocity, and channel width. However, there were seasonal differences within both species for cross-sectional relative depth, column velocity, and channel width. Both shovelnose sturgeon and juvenile pallid sturgeon were primarily associated with silt and sand substrate. However, shovelnose sturgeon were associated with gravel and cobble substrate more than juvenile pallid sturgeon. Shovelnose sturgeon and juvenile pallid sturgeon both selected reaches without islands and avoided reaches with islands; the two species also selected main-channel habitat and avoided secondary channels. Mean home range was similar between juvenile pallid sturgeon (15 km; 90% confidence interval, 5.0 km) and shovelnose, sturgeon (16.5 km; 4.7 km). Spatial distribution differed between the two species, with shovelnose sturgeon using upstream areas more often than juvenile pallid sturgeon. Twenty-eight percent of juvenile pallid sturgeon frequented 60 km of lotic habitat that would be inundated by Fort Peck Reservoir at maximum pool. Stocking juvenile pallid sturgeon can successfully augment the wild pallid sturgeon population in the Missouri River above Fort Peck Reservoir, which is crucial to the long-term recovery of the species. However, water-level management in downstream reservoirs such as Fort Peck can influence the amount of habitat available for pallid sturgeon. C1 [Gerrity, Paul C.; Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Gardner, William M.] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Lewistown, MT 59457 USA. RP Gerrity, PC (reprint author), Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, 3030 Energy Lane,Suite 100, Casper, WY 82604 USA. EM paul.gerrity@wgf.state.wy.us NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 832 EP 843 DI 10.1577/M07-061.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328EH UT WOS:000257780100022 ER PT J AU Kocovsky, PM Ross, RM Dropkin, DS AF Kocovsky, Patrick M. Ross, Robert M. Dropkin, David S. TI Linking landscapes and habitat suitability scores for diadromous fish restoration in the Susquehanna River basin SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ANGUILLA-ROSTRATA LESUEUR; AMERICAN EEL; DELAWARE RIVER; DAM REMOVAL; STREAM; VIRGINIA; SHAD AB Dams within the Susquehanna River drainage, Pennsylvania, are potential barriers to migration of diadromous fishes, and many are under consideration for removal to facilitate fish passage. To provide useful input for prioritizing dam removal, we examined relations between landscape-scale factors and habitat suitability indices (HSIs) for native diadromous species of the Susquehanna River. We used two different methods (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service method: Stier and Crance [1985], Ross et al. [1993a, 1993b, 19971, and Pardue [ 1983]; Pennsylvania State University method: Carline et al. [ 19941) to calculate HSIs for several life stages of American shad Alosa sapidissima, alewives Alosa pseudoharengus, and blueback herring Alosa aestivalis and a single HSI for American eels Anguilla rostrata based on habitat variables measured at transects spaced every 5 kin on six major Susquehanna River tributaries. Using geographical information systems, we calculated land use and geologic variables upstream from each transect and associated those data with HSIs calculated at each transect. We then performed canonical correlation analysis to determine how HSIs were linked to geologic and land use factors. Canonical correlation analysis identified the proportion of watershed underlain by carbonate rock as a positive correlate of HSIs for all species and life stages except American eels and juvenile blueback herring. We hypothesize that potential mechanisms linking carbonate rock to habitat suitability include increased productivity and buffering capacity. No other consistent patterns of positive or negative correlation between landscape-scale factors and HSIs were evident. This analysis will be useful for prioritizing removal of dams in the Susquehanna River drainage, because it provides a broad perspective on relationships between habitat suitability for diadromous fishes and easily measured landscape factors. This approach can be applied elsewhere to elucidate relationships between fine- and coarse-scale variables and suitability of habitat for fishes. C1 [Kocovsky, Patrick M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Ross, Robert M.; Dropkin, David S.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. RP Kocovsky, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM pkocovsky@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 906 EP 918 DI 10.1577/M06-120.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328EH UT WOS:000257780100028 ER PT J AU Baldigo, BP Warren, DR AF Baldigo, B. P. Warren, D. R. TI Detecting the response of fish assemblages to stream restoration: Effects of different sampling designs SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RIVER RESTORATION; IMPACT ASSESSMENT; BACI; PSEUDOREPLICATION; POPULATIONS; MOUNTAINS; USA AB Increased trout production within limited stream reaches is a popular goal for restoration projects, yet investigators seldom monitor, assess, or publish the associated effects on fish assemblages. Fish community data from a total of 40 surveys at restored and reference reaches in three streams of the Catskill Mountains, New York, were analyzed a posteriori to determine how the ability to detect significant changes in biomass of brown trout Salmo trutta, all salmonids, or the entire fish community differs with effect size, number of streams assessed, process used to quantify the index response, and number of replicates collected before and after restoration. Analyses of statistical power (probability of detecting a meaningful difference or effect) and integrated power (average power over all possible alpha-values) were combined with before-after, control-impact analyses to assess the effectiveness of alternate sampling and analysis designs. In general, the more robust analyses indicated that biomass of brown trout and salmonid populations increased significantly in restored reaches but that the net increases (relative to the reference reach) were significant only at two of four restored reaches. Restoration alone could not account for the net increases in total biomass of fish communities. Power analyses generally showed that integrated power was greater than 0.95 when (1) biomass increases were larger than 5.0 g/m(2), (2) the total number of replicates ranged from 4 to 8, and (3) coefficients of variation (CVs) for responses were less than 40%. Integrated power was often greater than 0.95 for responses as low as 1.0 g/m(2) if the response CVs were less than 30%. Considering that brown trout, salmonid, and community biomass increased by 2.99 g/m(2) on average (SD = 1.17 g/m(2)) in the four restored reaches, use of two to three replicates both before and after restoration would have an integrated power of about 0.95 and would help detect significant changes in fish biomass under similar situations. C1 [Baldigo, B. P.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Warren, D. R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Baldigo, BP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM bbaldigo@usgs.gov RI Warren, Dana/G-5600-2012 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 919 EP 934 DI 10.1577/M06-171.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328EH UT WOS:000257780100029 ER PT J AU Baldigo, BP Warren, DR AF Baldigo, Barry P. Warren, Dana R. TI Response of fish populations to natural channel design restoration in streams of the Catskill Mountains, New York SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RIVER RESTORATION; WOODY DEBRIS; HABITAT; REHABILITATION; PROTECTION; SALMONIDS; USA AB Many streams and rivers throughout North America have been extensively straightened, widened, and hardened since the middle 1800s, but related effects on aquatic ecosystems have seldom been monitored, described, or published. Beginning in the early 1990s, reach-level restoration efforts began to base projects on natural channel design (NCD) techniques and Rosgen's (1994b, 1996) river classification system in an effort to duplicate or mimic stable reference reach geomorphology. Four reaches in three streams of the Catskill Mountains, New York, were restored from 2000 to 2002 using NCD techniques to decrease bed and bank erosion rates, decrease sediment loads, and improve water quality. The effects of restoration on the health of fish assemblages were assessed through a before-after, control-impact (BACI) study design to quantify the net changes in population and community indices at treatment reaches relative to index changes at unaltered reference reaches from 1999 to 2004. After restoration, community richness and biomass at treatment reaches increased by more than one-third. Changes in fish communities were caused mainly by shifts in dominant species populations; fish community biomass and total fish abundance were generally dominated by daces or daces and sculpins before restoration and by one or more salmonid species after restoration. Density and biomass of eastern blacknose dace Rhinichthys atratulus, longnose dace R. cataractae, and slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus did not change appreciably, whereas net salmonid density and biomass increased substantially after restoration. These changes were driven primarily by large increases in populations of brown trout Salmo trutta. The findings demonstrate that the structure, function, and ultimately the health of resident fish populations and communities can be improved, at least over the short term, through NCD restoration in perturbed streams of the Catskill Mountains. C1 [Baldigo, Barry P.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Warren, Dana R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Baldigo, BP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM bbaldigo@usgs.gov RI Warren, Dana/G-5600-2012 NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 26 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 954 EP 969 DI 10.1577/M06-213.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328EH UT WOS:000257780100032 ER PT J AU Keigley, RB Frisina, MR AF Keigley, Richard B. Frisina, Michael R. TI Aspen height, stem-girth and survivorship in an area of high ungulate use SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FIRE; ELK AB An increase in ungulate population size potentially exposes aspen suckers, saplings, and trees to increased use. This study examined how stem height and girth influenced the selection of stems by ungulates for browsing, rubbing, and gnawing, and reconstructed the history of ungulate use for the study area. Transects were run through each of three aspen clones growing in southwestern Montana to determine height, circumference. and the surface area from which bark was totally and partially removed by rubbing and gnawing. Stems 20-250 cm tall were browsed. Stems 2-13 cm diameter were preferentially selected for rubbing and gnawing. The area of totally removed bark on dead saplings was twice the area of removed bark on live stems of similar diameter, suggesting that bark removal played a major role in the death of some stems. Based on an analysis of stem height and age, ungulate browsing was inferred to have increased from a light-to-moderate level to an intense level in 1991. The depth of scars was used to date scarring events. An increase in rubbing and gnawing was determined to have occurred about 1985. We concluded that elk were primarily responsible for the observed impacts. The combined effect of rubbing, gnawing, and browsing affects a broader span of ages compared to the effect of browsing alone. If prescribed fire is used to rejuvenate aspen stands, the resulting young stems should be protected from heavy browsing, rubbing and gnawing until they reach about 13 cm diameter and have grown out of the browse zone. C1 [Keigley, Richard B.] USGS, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Frisina, Michael R.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Butte, MT 59701 USA. RP Keigley, RB (reprint author), USGS, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 632 Coulee Dr, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. EM richard_keigley@usgs.gov FU Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks [W-154-R-4]; United States Geological Survey FX The study was funded by the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks (Federal Aid Project W-154-R-4)and by the United States Geological Survey. The authors thank Steve Knapp for his encouragement and support, and appreciate the input by two anonymous reviewers. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 19 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SUM PY 2008 VL 82 IS 3 BP 199 EP 210 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 345IU UT WOS:000258990700005 ER PT J AU Johnson, BL Kaiser, JL Henny, CJ Grove, RA AF Johnson, Branden L. Kaiser, James L. Henny, Charles J. Grove, Robert A. TI Prey of nesting ospreys on the Willamette and Columbia Rivers, Oregon and Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ASSESSING RAPTOR DIET; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; BALD EAGLES; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SPECIES RICHNESS; FISH; USA; ECOLOGY; MERCURY AB To more effectively use ospreys as a biomonitoring tool and to better assess contaminant pathways, the diet of nesting ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) was studied along the lowerColumbia and upper mainstem Willamette rivers by evaluating prey remains collected from wire baskets constructed under artificial feeding perches installed near nest sites and from the ground beneath natural feeding perches and nests. Prey remains from 1997-2004 on the Columbia River and 1993 (previously published) and 2001 on the Willamette River were evaluated and compared, Largescale suckers (Catostomus macrocheilus) were the predominate fish species identified in collections from the Columbia River (61.5% [84.3% biomass]) and Willamette River (76.0% [92.7% biomass]). Prey fish diversity, when based only on ground collections, was higher in the Columbia (2.45) than the Willamette river (1.92) (P = 0.038). Prey fish diversity in collections from the Willamette River did not differ between this study (2001) and previous study (1993) (P = 0.62). Fish bones recovered in wire baskets are likely more representative of osprey diet compared to bones recovered from the ground, because prey diversity was higher among basket samples compared to ground collections (wire basket diversity 5.25 vs. ground collection diversity = 2.45, P = 0,011). Soft-boned salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.), American shad (Alosa sapidissima), and mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) were probably underrepresented in collections obtained from the ground. Study results suggest that baskets provide a better method for assessing osprey diet than other indirect methods. These findings augment available osprey food-habits information and provide additional biological and ecological information to better assess potential impacts of various environmental contaminants on nesting ospreys. C1 [Johnson, Branden L.; Kaiser, James L.; Henny, Charles J.; Grove, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Johnson, BL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM branden_johnson@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 19 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SUM PY 2008 VL 82 IS 3 BP 229 EP 236 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 345IU UT WOS:000258990700008 ER PT J AU Anderson, BI Collett, TS Lewis, RE Dubourg, I AF Anderson, Barbara I. Collett, Timothy S. Lewis, Richard E. Dubourg, Isabelle TI Using open hole and cased-hole resistivity logs to monitor gas hydrate dissociation during a thermal test in the Mallik 5L-38 Research Well, Mackenzie delta, Canada SO PETROPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual SPWLA Logging Symposium CY JUN 26-29, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP SPWLA DE gas hydrate; gas; porosity; resistivity; production AB Gas hydrates, which are naturally occurring ice-like combinations of gas and water, have the potential to provide vast amounts of natural gas from the world's oceans and polar regions. However, producing gas economically from hydrates entails major technical challenges. Proposed recovery methods such as dissociating or melting gas hydrates by heating or depressurization are currently being tested. One such test was conducted in northern Canada by the partners in the Mallik 2002 Gas Hydrate Production Research Well Program. This paper describes how resistivity logs were used to determine the size of the annular region of gas hydrate dissociation that occurred around the wellbore during the thermal test in the Mallik 5L-38 well. An open-hole logging suite, run prior to the thermal test, included array induction, array laterolog, nuclear magnetic resonance and 1.1-GHz electromagnetic propagation logs. The reservoir saturation tool was run both before and after the thermal test to monitor formation changes. A cased-hole formation resistivity log was run after the test. Baseline resistivity values in each formation layer (R(t)) were established from the deep laterolog data. The resistivity in the region of gas hydrate dissociation near the wellbore (R(xo)) was determined from electromagnetic propagation and reservoir saturation tool measurements. The radius of hydrate dissociation as a function of depth was then determined by means of iterative forward modeling of cased-hole formation resistivity tool response. The solution was obtained by varying the modeled dissociation radius until the modeled log overlaid the field log. Pretest gas hydrate production computer simulations had predicted that dissociation would take place at a uniform radius over the 13-ft test interval. However, the post-test resistivity modeling showed that this was not the case. The resistivity-derived dissociation radius was greatest near the outlet of the pipe that circulated hot water in the wellbore, where the highest temperatures were recorded. The radius was smallest near the center of the test interval, where a conglomerate section with low values of porosity and permeability inhibited dissociation. The free gas volume calculated from the resistivity-derived dissociation radii yielded a value within 20 per cent of surface gauge measurements. These results show that the inversion of resistivity measurements holds promise for use in future gas hydrate monitoring. C1 [Collett, Timothy S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lewis, Richard E.] Schlumberger Oilfield Serv, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. [Dubourg, Isabelle] Etudes & Prod Schlumberger, F-92142 Clamart, France. RP Anderson, BI (reprint author), Schlumberger, 89 Stony Hill Rd, Brookfield, CT 06804 USA. EM dr-strangelog@spemail.org; tcollett@usgs.gov; lewis2@oklahoma-city.oilfield.sib.com; idubourg@clamart.oil-field.slb.com NR 13 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOC PETROPHYSICISTS & WELL LOG ANALYSTS-SPWLA PI HOUSTON PA 8866 GULF FREEWAY, STE 320, HOUSTON, TX 77017 USA SN 1529-9074 J9 PETROPHYSICS JI Petrophysics PD JUN PY 2008 VL 49 IS 3 BP 285 EP 294 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Petroleum SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA 308RW UT WOS:000256408700006 ER PT J AU Lorenz, RD Lopes, RM Paganelli, F Lunine, JI Kirk, RL Mitchell, KL Soderblom, LA Stofan, ER Ori, G Myers, M Miyamoto, H Radebaugh, J Stiles, B Wall, SD Wood, CA AF Lorenz, Ralph D. Lopes, Rosaly M. Paganelli, Flora Lunine, Jonathan I. Kirk, Randolph L. Mitchell, Karl L. Soderblom, Lawrence A. Stofan, Ellen R. Ori, Gian Myers, Melissa Miyamoto, Hideyaki Radebaugh, Jani Stiles, Bryan Wall, Stephen D. Wood, C. A. CA Cassini RADAR Team TI Fluvial channels on Titan: Initial Cassini RADAR observations SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Titan; meteorology; fluvial networks; radar ID RIVER INCISION; HUYGENS PROBE; CLOUDS; SURFACE; ATMOSPHERE; SEDIMENT; DYNAMICS; BEDROCK; RAIN; MARS AB Cassini radar images show a variety of fluvial channels on Titan's surface, often several hundreds of kilometers in length. Some (predominantly at low- and mid-latitude) are radar-bright and braided, resembling desert washes where fines have been removed by energetic surface liquid flow, presumably from methane rainstorms. Others (predominantly at high latitudes) are radar-dark and meandering and drain into or connect polar lakes, suggesting slower-moving flow depositing fine-grained sediments. A third type, seen predominantly at mid- and high latitudes, have radar brightness patterns indicating topographic incision, with valley widths of up to 3 km across and depth of several hundred meters. These observations show that fluvial activity occurs at least occasionally at all latitudes, not only at the Huygens landing site, and can produce channels much larger in scale than those observed there. The areas in which channels are prominent so far amount to about 1% of Titan's surface, of which only a fraction is actually occupied by channels. The corresponding global sediment volume inferred is not enough to account for the extensive sand seas. Channels observed so far have a consistent large-scale flow pattern, tending to flow polewards and eastwards. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lorenz, Ralph D.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Myers, Melissa] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lopes, Rosaly M.; Paganelli, Flora; Mitchell, Karl L.; Stiles, Bryan; Wall, Stephen D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kirk, Randolph L.; Soderblom, Lawrence A.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Stofan, Ellen R.] Proxemy Res, Rectortown, VA 20140 USA. [Ori, Gian] Univ Annunzio, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, I-65127 Pescara, Italy. [Miyamoto, Hideyaki] Univ Tokyo, Dept Geosyst Engn, Tokyo, Japan. [Radebaugh, Jani] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Wood, C. A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Wood, C. A.] Wheeling Jesuit Coll, Wheeling, WV 26003 USA. RP Lorenz, RD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM ralph.lorenz@jhuapl.edu RI Miyamoto, Hideaki/B-9666-2008; Miyamoto, Hideaki/E-3381-2012; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016; OI Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167; ORI, Gian Gabriele/0000-0002-6460-1476 NR 60 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1132 EP 1144 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2008.02.009 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 325ZM UT WOS:000257627700006 ER PT J AU Beever, EA Tausch, RJ Thogmartin, WE AF Beever, Erik A. Tausch, Robin J. Thogmartin, Wayne E. TI Multi-scale responses of vegetation to removal of horse grazing from Great Basin (USA) mountain ranges SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE community ecology; Equus caballus; feral horses; intermediate-disturbance hypothesis; Nevada; sagebrush communities ID FERAL HORSES; MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; NATIONAL-PARKS; GRASSLAND; DIVERSITY; MAMMALS; CATTLE; SOILS; MODEL AB Although free-roaming equids occur on all of the world's continents except Antarctica, very few studies (and none in the Great Basin, USA) have either investigated their grazing effects on vegetation at more than one spatial scale or compared characteristics of areas from which grazing has been removed to those of currently grazed areas. We compared characteristics of vegetation at 19 sites in nine mountain ranges of the western Great Basin; sites were either grazed by feral horses (Equus caballus) or had had horses removed for the last 10-14 years. We selected horse-occupied and horse-removed sites with similar aspect, slope, fire history, grazing pressure by cattle (minimal to none), and dominant vegetation (Artemisia tridentata). During 1997 and 1998, line-intercept transects randomly located within sites revealed that horse-removed sites exhibited 1.1-1.9 times greater shrub cover, 1.2-1.5 times greater total plant cover, 2-12 species greater plant species richness, and 1.9-2.9 times greater cover and 1.1-2.4 times greater frequency of native grasses than did horse-occupied sites. In contrast, sites with horses tended to have more grazing-resistant forbs and exotic plants. Direction and magnitude of landscape-scale results were corroborated by smaller-scale comparisons within horse-occupied sites of horse-trail transects and (randomly located) transects that characterized overall site conditions. Information-theoretic analyses that incorporated various subsets of abiotic variables suggested that presence of horses was generally a strong determinant of those vegetation-related variables that differed significantly between treatments, especially frequency and cover of grasses, but also species richness and shrub cover and frequency. In contrast, abiotic variables such as precipitation, site elevation, and soil erodibility best predicted characteristics such as forb cover, shrub frequency, and continuity of the shrub canopy. We found species richness of plants monotonically decreased across sites as grazing disturbance increased, suggesting that either the bell-shaped diversity-disturbance curve of the intermediate-disturbance hypothesis does not apply in this system or that most sites are already all on the greater-disturbance slope of the curve. In our study, numerous vegetation properties of less-grazed areas and sites differed notably from horse-grazed sites at local and landscape scales during a wetter and an average-precipitation year. C1 [Beever, Erik A.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Tausch, Robin J.] Forest Serv, USDA, Intermt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Beever, EA (reprint author), USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM Erik_Beever@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 72 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 196 IS 2 BP 163 EP 184 DI 10.1007/s11258-007-9342-5 PG 22 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 291KY UT WOS:000255197400002 ER PT J AU Thompson, RS Anderson, KH Bartlein, PJ AF Thompson, R. S. Anderson, K. H. Bartlein, P. J. TI Quantitative estimation of bioclimatic parameters from presence/absence vegetation data in North America by the modern analog technique SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID PLANT-CLIMATE INTERACTIONS; LOW ATMOSPHERIC CO2; POLLEN-BASED RECONSTRUCTIONS; SPACE-TIME CLIMATE; PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; SURFACE CLIMATE; LGM CLIMATES; PALEOECOLOGY; TEMPERATURE AB The method of modern analogs is widely used to obtain estimates of past climatic conditions from paleobiological assemblages, and despite its frequent use, this method involved so-far untested assumptions. We applied four analog approaches to a continental-scale set of bioclimatic and plant-distribution presence/absence data for North America to assess how well this method works under near-optimal modern conditions. For each point on the grid, we calculated the similarity between its vegetation assemblage and those of all other points on the grid (excluding nearby points). The climate of the points with the most similar vegetation was used to estimate the climate at the target grid point. Estimates based the use of the Jaccard similarity coefficient had smaller errors than those based on the use of a new similarity coefficient, although the latter may be more robust because it does not assume that the "fossil" assemblage is complete. The results of these analyses indicate that presence/absence vegetation assemblages provide a valid basis for estimating bioclimates on the continental scale. However, the accuracy of the estimates is strongly tied to the number of species in the target assemblage, and the analog method is necessarily constrained to produce estimates that fall within the range of observed values. We applied the four modern analog approaches and the mutual overlap (or "mutual climatic range") method to estimate bioclimatic conditions represented by the plant macrofossil assemblage from a packrat midden of Last Glacial Maximum age from southern Nevada. In general, the estimation approaches produced similar results in regard to moisture conditions, but there was a greater range of estimates for growing-degree days. Despite its limitations, the modern analog technique can provide paleoclimatic reconstructions that serve as the starting point to the interpretation of past climatic conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Thompson, R. S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Anderson, K. H.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bartlein, P. J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Thompson, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rthompson@usgs.gov; Katherine.Anderson@colorado.edu; bartlein@uoregon.edu RI Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011 OI Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685 NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 11-12 BP 1234 EP 1254 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.02.014 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 321IK UT WOS:000257297800010 ER PT J AU Martine, CT Leicht-Young, S Herron, P Latimer, A AF Martine, Christopher T. Leicht-Young, Stacey Herron, Patrick Latimer, Andrew TI FIFTEEN WOODY SPECIES WITH POTENTIAL FOR INVASIVENESS IN NEW ENGLAND SO RHODORA LA English DT Article ID INVASION C1 [Martine, Christopher T.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Leicht-Young, Stacey] USGS Great Lakes Sci, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Herron, Patrick; Latimer, Andrew] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Martine, CT (reprint author), SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, 101 Broad St, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. EM martinet@plattsburgh.edu OI Martine, Chris/0000-0001-5143-1773 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB INC PI LAWRENCE PA P.O. BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0035-4902 J9 RHODORA JI Rhodora PD SUM PY 2008 VL 110 IS 943 BP 345 EP 353 DI 10.3119/07-30.1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 367ZL UT WOS:000260591000003 ER PT J AU Souchon, Y Sabaton, C Deibel, R Reiser, D Kershner, J Gard, M Katopodis, C Leonard, P Poff, NL Miller, WJ Lamb, BL AF Souchon, Yves Sabaton, Catherine Deibel, Robert Reiser, Dudley Kershner, Jeffrey Gard, Mark Katopodis, Christos Leonard, Paul Poff, N. Leroy Miller, William J. Lamb, Berton Lee TI Detecting biological responses to flow management: Missed opportunities; Future directions SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Regulated Streams CY AUG, 2006 CL Stirling, SCOTLAND DE habitat modelling; hydropower; relicensing; monitoring; environmental flows; biological responses; Phabsim/IFIM; science-based management; long-term datasets ID INSTREAM HABITAT MODELS; ATLANTIC SALMON; STREAM ATTRIBUTES; WATER VELOCITY; FISH; RIVER; RESTORATION; SCIENCE; REGIME; PREDICTIONS AB The conclusions of numerous stream restoration assessments all around the world are extremely clear and convergent: there has been insufficient appropriate monitoring to improve general knowledge and expertise. In the specialized field of instream flow alterations, we consider that there are several opportunities comparable to full-size experiments. Hundreds of water management decisions related to instream flow releases have been made by government agencies, native peoples, and non-governmental organizations around the world. These decisions are based on different methods and assumptions and many flow regimes have been adopted by formal or informal rules and regulations. Although, there have been significant advances in analytical capabilities, there has been very little validation monitoring of actual outcomes or research related to the response of aquatic dependent species to new flow regimes. In order to be able to detect these kinds of responses and to better guide decision, a general design template is proposed. The main steps of this template are described and discussed, in terms of objectives, hypotheses, variables, time scale, data management, and information, in the spirit of adaptive management. The adoption of such a framework is not always easy, due to differing interests of actors for the results, regarding the duration of monitoring, nature of funding and differential timetables between facilities managers and technicians. Nevertheless, implementation of such a framework could help researchers and practitioners to coordinate and federate their efforts to improve the general knowledge of the links between the habitat dynamics and biological aquatic responses. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Souchon, Yves] Cemagref, Quantitat Hydroecol Lab, F-69336 Lyon 09, France. [Sabaton, Catherine] Elect France, Paris, France. [Deibel, Robert] US Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Kershner, Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT USA. [Gard, Mark] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. [Katopodis, Christos] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Leonard, Paul] ENTRIX Environm Consultants, Atlanta, GA USA. [Poff, N. Leroy] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Miller, William J.] Miller Ecol Consultants Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Lamb, Berton Lee] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Souchon, Y (reprint author), Cemagref, Quantitat Hydroecol Lab, CP 220, F-69336 Lyon 09, France. EM yves.souchon@cemagref.fr RI Poff, Nathan/C-1239-2009 NR 80 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 6 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 506 EP 518 DI 10.1002/rra.1134 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 319MM UT WOS:000257167800003 ER PT J AU Edmonds, ST Stolley, DS AF Edmonds, Samuel T. Stolley, Dorie S. TI Population decline of ground-nesting black-bellied whistling ducks (Dendrocygna autumnalis) on islands in southern Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB We report nesting success for a population of ground-nesting black-bellied whistling ducks (Dendrocygna autumnalis) for the summers of 2003 and 2004 at a hypersaline lake in southern Texas, and a population decline of 71% between 2002 and 2003. We attribute the population decline to a change in ecology of the lake, specifically, an increase in salinity from cessation of inflow of fresh water in 2000. The increased salinity led to high mortality in ducklings and brood failure due to sodium toxicity. We compared nest success, nest habitat, and nest predation to other reported populations of black-bellied whistling ducks in the northern area of their range. C1 [Stolley, Dorie S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Santa Ana Natl Wildlife Refuge, Alamo, TX 78516 USA. [Edmonds, Samuel T.] Coll Atlantic, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. RP Stolley, DS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Virginia Beach, VA 23456 USA. EM dorie_stolley@fws.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 2 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2008)53[185:PDOGBW]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 319FY UT WOS:000257150700006 ER PT J AU Disney, MR Hellgren, EC Davis, CA Leslie, DM Engle, DM AF Disney, Michael R. Hellgren, Eric C. Davis, Craig A. Leslie, David M., Jr. Engle, David M. TI Relative abundance of mesopredators and size of oak patches in the cross-timbers ecoregion SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SCENT-STATION SURVEYS; NEST PREDATION; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS; VIRGINIA OPOSSUM; MIGRATORY BIRDS; SONGBIRD NESTS; EDGE; SUCCESS; LANDSCAPE AB Mesopredators (e.g., raccoon Procyon lotor, Virginia opossum Didelphis virginiana, striped skunk Mephitis mephitis) have received considerable attention because of links to population declines in birds via increased nest predation, especially in landscapes fragmented by anthropogenic forces. Relationships of abundance of mesopredators to size of habitat patches have received less attention than relationships to other metrics of fragmentation, particularly edge characteristics. We tested the hypothesis that relative abundance of mesopredators (e.g., raccoons and Virginia opossums) was related negatively to size of forest patch. We delineated 15 patches of oak (Quercus) forest ranging from 0.2 to 55.3 ha within a grassland-woodland mosaic in the cross-timbers ecoregion of Oklahoma. Scent stations and live traps within these patches were used to index relative abundance of mesopredators in summers 2003 and 2004. Both indices of relative abundance were related weakly and negatively to area of forest patch. However, rate of capture and visitation to scent station were not correlated consistently throughout the study. Our results Suggested that the two methods to index abundance provided separate information on functional and numerical responses to size of patch. Our evidence that mesopredators within the cross timbers were more likely to be in smaller patches of oak forest may have implications to success of avian nesting in these patches. C1 [Hellgren, Eric C.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Disney, Michael R.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. [Disney, Michael R.; Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Davis, Craig A.; Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Engle, David M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hellgren, EC (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Dept Zool, Mailcode 6504, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM hellgren@siu.edu OI Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 2 BP 214 EP 223 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2008)53[214:RAOMAS]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 319FY UT WOS:000257150700011 ER PT J AU Stolley, DS Edmonds, ST Meteyer, CU AF Stolley, Dorie S. Edmonds, Samuel T. Meteyer, Carol U. TI Mortality of ducklings of the black-bellied whistling duck (Dendrocygna autumnalis) during their premier swim in a hypersaline lake in South Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NORTH-DAKOTA; SALINE; WATERFOWL; ISLANDS; MEXICO AB Adult black-bellied whistling ducks (Dendrocygna autumnalis) were observed leaving islands with recently hatched young in a South Texas hypersaline lake during summer 2003. We counted 216 ducklings from 20 broods attempting to make their first swim to the mainland, presumably heading for suitable rearing habitat. Of these, 144 (67%) either died in the water or on the salt-encrusted shoreline within minutes to a few hours of first entering the water. An additional 35 carcasses from unobserved broods were found. Nine carcasses of ducklings were necropsied and they had levels of sodium in the brain above the lethal threshold concentration for sodium poisoning. From our surveillance efforts, we documented a decrease in maximum number of adult black-bellied whistling ducks observed on the islands from 489 in 2002 to 138 in 2003. C1 [Stolley, Dorie S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Virginia Beach, VA 23456 USA. [Edmonds, Samuel T.] Coll Atlantic, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. [Meteyer, Carol U.] US Geol Serv, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Stolley, DS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Virginia Beach, VA 23456 USA. EM Dorie_Stolley@fws.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 2 BP 230 EP 235 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2008)53[230:MODOTB]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 319FY UT WOS:000257150700013 ER PT J AU Carpenter, J Mueller, GA AF Carpenter, Jeanette Mueller, Gordon A. TI Small nonnative fishes as predators of larval razorback suckers SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LOWER COLORADO RIVER; SAN-JUAN RIVER; XYRAUCHEN-TEXANUS; NATIVE FISHES; GREEN RIVER; HABITAT USE; NEW-MEXICO; UTAH; BASIN; CONSERVATION AB The razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus), an endangered big-river fish of the Colorado River basin, has demonstrated no sustainable recruitment in 4 decades, despite presence of spawning adults and larvae. Lack of adequate recruitment has been attributed to several factors, including predation by normative fishes. Substantial funding and effort has been expended on mechanically removing normative game fishes, typically targeting large predators. As a result, abundance of larger predators has declined, but the abundance of small normative fishes has increased in some areas. We conducted laboratory experiments to determine if small nonnative fishes would consume larval razorback suckers. We tested adults of three small species (threadfin shad, Dorosoma petenense, red shiner, Cyprinella lutrensis; fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas) and juveniles of six larger species (common carp, Cyprinus carpio; yellow bullhead, Ameiurus natalis, channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus; rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss; green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus; bluegill, L. macrochirus). These normative fishes span a broad ecological range and are abundant within the historical range of the razorback sucker. All nine species fed on larval razorback suckers (total length, 9-16 mm). Our results suggest that predation by small normative fishes could be responsible for limiting recovery of this endangered species. C1 [Carpenter, Jeanette; Mueller, Gordon A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Carpenter, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25007 86-68220, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM carpenterj@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 15 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 2 BP 236 EP 242 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2008)53[236:SNFAPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 319FY UT WOS:000257150700014 ER PT J AU Van Metre, PC Mesnage, V Laignel, B Motelay, A Deloffre, J AF Van Metre, Peter C. Mesnage, Valerie Laignel, Benoit Motelay, Anne Deloffre, Julien TI Origins of sediment-associated contaminants to the Marais Vernier, the Seine Estuary, France SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE sediment; metals; PAHs; wetland; Seine Estuary; trends ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TRACE-METALS; RIVER-BASIN; PB-210; URBAN; LAKE; GEOCHEMISTRY; ACCUMULATION; ATMOSPHERE; TRANSPORT AB The Marais Vernier is the largest freshwater wetland in the Seine Estuary in northern France. It is in a heavily urbanized and industrialized region and could be affected by atmospheric deposition and by fluvial input of contaminants in water diverted from the Seine River. To evaluate contaminant histories in the wetland and the region, sediment cores were collected from two open-water ponds in the Marais Vernier: the Grand-Mare, which was connected to the Seine by a canal from 1950 to 1996, and the Petite Mare, which has a small rural watershed. Diversions from the Seine to the Grand-Mare increased sedimentation rates but mostly resulted in low contaminant concentrations and loading rates, indicating that the sediment from the Seine was predominantly brought upstream by tidal currents from the estuary and was not from the watershed. Atmospheric sources of metals dominate inputs to the Petite Mare; however, runoff of metals from vehicle-related sources in the watershed might contribute to the upward trends in concentrations of Cr, Cu, and Zn. Estimates of atmospheric deposition using the Petite Mare core are consistent with measured deposition in the region and are mixed (similar for Hg and Pb; larger for Cd, Cu, and Zn) compared with deposition estimated from sediment cores in the northeastern United States. A local source of PAHs in the watershed of the Petite Mare is indicated by higher concentrations, higher accumulation rates, and a different, more petrogenic, PAH assemblage than in the Grand-Mare. The study illustrates how diverse sources and transport pathways can affect wetlands in industrial regions and can be evaluated using sediment cores from the wetland ponds. C1 [Van Metre, Peter C.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX USA. [Mesnage, Valerie; Laignel, Benoit; Motelay, Anne; Deloffre, Julien] Univ Rouen, Mont St Aignan, Normandie, France. RP Van Metre, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8027 Exchange Dr, Austin, TX USA. EM pcvanmet@usgs.gov OI Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 191 IS 1-4 BP 331 EP 344 DI 10.1007/s11270-008-9628-9 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 303AN UT WOS:000256011700025 ER PT J AU Shellenbarger, GG Athearn, ND Takekawa, JY Boehm, AB AF Shellenbarger, Gregory G. Athearn, Nicole D. Takekawa, John Y. Boehm, Alexandria B. TI Fecal indicator bacteria and Salmonella in ponds managed as bird habitat, San Francisco Bay, California, USA SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE birds; fecal indicator bacteria; Salmonella; managed ponds ID ZONE WATER-QUALITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SURF ZONE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; ENTEROCOCCI; ENVIRONMENT; FECES; BEACH; MICROORGANISMS; INACTIVATION AB Throughout the world, coastal resource managers are encouraging the restoration of previously modified coastal habitats back into wetlands and managed ponds for their ecosystem value. Because many coastal wetlands are adjacent to urban centers and waters used for human recreation, it is important to understand how wildlife can affect water quality. We measured fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentrations, presence/absence of Salmonella, bird abundance, and physico-chemical parameters in two coastal, managed ponds and adjacent sloughs for 4 weeks during the summer and winter in 2006. We characterized the microbial water quality in these waters relative to state water-quality standards and examined the relationship between FIB, bird abundance, and physicochemical parameters. A box model approach was utilized to determine the net source or sink of FIB in the ponds during the study periods. FIB concentrations often exceeded state standards, particularly in the summer, and microbial water quality in the sloughs was generally lower than in ponds during both seasons. Specifically, the inflow of water from the sloughs to the ponds during the summer, more so than waterfowl use, appeared to increase the FIB concentrations in the ponds. The box model results suggested that the ponds served as net wetland sources and sinks for FIB, and high bird abundances in the winter likely contributed to net winter source terms for two of the three FIB in both ponds. Eight serovars of the human pathogen Salmonella were isolated from slough and pond waters, although the source of the pathogen to these wetlands was not identified. Thus, it appeared that factors other than bird abundance were most important in modulating FIB concentrations in these ponds. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Shellenbarger, Gregory G.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Athearn, Nicole D.; Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Boehm, Alexandria B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn Environm Water Studies, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Shellenbarger, GG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM gshellen@usgs.gov; nathearn@usgs.gov; john_takekawa@usgs.gov; aboehm@stanford.edu RI Bond, Ronald/C-9201-2009 NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2921 EP 2930 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2008.03.006 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 326HL UT WOS:000257649100009 PM 18457857 ER PT J AU Kirsch, EM Ickes, B Olsen, DA AF Kirsch, Eileen M. Ickes, Brian Olsen, Douglas A. TI Assessing habitat use by breeding Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) on the Upper Mississippi River, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Great Blue Heron; Ardea herodias; Mississippi River; riverine; nesting habitat; foraging habitat ID DETERMINANTS; ECOTOURISM; COLONIES; BIRDS; SIZE AB Approximately 7,610 to 3,175 pairs of Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) nested along 420 river km of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) from 1993 to 2003. Numbers declined precipitously in the mid-1990s stabilizing somewhat in the early 2000s. The average number of nests in colonies was 349 (SD=283). Annual colony turn over rate for the eleven year period was 0.15 and ranged from 0.06 to 0.29 each year. The number of years that a colony was active was positively correlated with the average number of nests present while the colonywas active. Of the eight colonies active in 1993 that averaged more than 349 nests, four were abandoned by 2003. Only one colony grew to greater than 349 nests during the study period. Custer et al. (2004) suggested that herons oil the UMR may be limited by forage resources or foraging habitat and social factors, as evidenced by the even spacing of colonies that reflects the maximum feeding range of herons on the river. To rule out nesting and foraging habitat limitation, landscape habitat features of terrestrial and aquatic areas were examined for colony areas and areas without colonies. Available fish monitoring data were used to examine potential interactions between herons and forage resources. Colony areas did not differ from areas without colonies in any habitat feature. Indices of potential heron forage fish increased from 1993 to 2002, although low indices of fish abundance in 1993 were likely influenced by flood conditions that year. Although fish availability to herons is related to flows and water levels, available data suggested that herons did not negatively impact their potential forage base. Numbers of herons were not correlated with indices of fish abundance from the preceding year oil a pool-wide scale. Indices of fish abundance were higher within 5 kin of colonies than farther than 5 kin from colonies, and indices of fish abundance increased from June through August both near and far front colonies. Numbers of herons and locations and sizes of colonies varied annually, whereas landscape features typically van, little if at all from year to year. Indices of fish abundance also varied greatly by sample location and year. Disturbance, particularly by humans in this highly used river, should be examined in relation to limiting foraging opportunities and influencing behavior (colony and individual) and productivity in colonies. C1 [Kirsch, Eileen M.; Ickes, Brian; Olsen, Douglas A.] USGS, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Kirsch, EM (reprint author), USGS, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ekirsch@usgs.gov OI Ickes, Brian/0000-0001-5622-3842 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 20 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 252 EP 267 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[252:AHUBBG]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 338CF UT WOS:000258481800010 ER PT J AU Brown, LR May, JT Hunsaker, CT AF Brown, Larry R. May, Jason T. Hunsaker, Carolyn T. TI Species composition and habitat associations of benthic algal assemblages in headwater streams of the Sierra Nevada, California SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE benthic algae; California; chlorophyll-a; diatom assemblages; headwater streams; Sierra Nevada ID LAND-USE; DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES; PERIPHYTON BIOMASS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RIVER-BASIN; EUTROPHICATION; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; INDICATORS; OREGON AB Despite their trophic importance and potential importance as bioindicators of stream condition, benthic algae have not been well studied in California. In particular there are few studies from small streams in the Sierra Nevada. The objective of this study was to determine the standing crop of chlorophyll-a and benthic algal species assemblages present in the small 1st- and 2nd-order streams of the Kings River Experimental Watersheds (KREW, watersheds of Bull, Providence, Duff, and Teakettle Creeks) and determine the associations of these measures with stream habitat. We collected samples of benthic algae from rock substrata in September 2002 (7 sites) and 2005 (the same 7 sites plus 5 additional sites). Habitat and water-quality data were collected concurrently. Chlorophyll-a values ranged from 0.2 to 3.2 mg . m(-2). Chlorophyll-a in the Bull Creek watershed was generally lower than in the other watersheds. Benthic algal assemblages were dominated by diatoms and cyanobacteria. We collected 79 taxa of diatoms in 2002 and 126 taxa in 2005. Diatom taxa richness in individual samples ranged from 15 to 47. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis of arcsine square-root transformed proportional abundances of diatoms identified 3 groups of sites. Bull Creek sites were generally different from other sites (group 1), and the sites from Bull Creek were different in 2002 (group 2) and 2005 (group 3). Five taxa appeared to be particularly important in distinguishing groups: Achnanthidium minutissimum, Cocconeis placentula, Eunotia incisa, Eunotia pectinalis var. minor and Planothidium lanceolatum. Elevation, water temperature, pH, specific conductance, and canopy were habitat variables correlated with the differences in diatom assemblages among sites. Our results provide a valuable baseline for future studies of benthic algae in Sierra Nevada headwater streams and will be particularly important in understanding the effects of different forest restoration management strategies being tested in the KREW project. C1 [Brown, Larry R.; May, Jason T.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Hunsaker, Carolyn T.] Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific SW Res Stn, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. RP Brown, LR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM lrbrown@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 18 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JUN PY 2008 VL 68 IS 2 BP 194 EP 209 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2008)68[194:SCAHAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 319OF UT WOS:000257172600007 ER PT J AU Wetzel, PR Pinion, T Towles, DT Heisler, L AF Wetzel, Paul R. Pinion, Timothy Towles, D. Timothy Heisler, Lorraine TI Landscape analysis of tree island head vegetation in Water Conservation Area 3, Florida Everglades SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE canopy; ferns; fire; recreation camps; species richness; wet forests ID SOUTHERN EVERGLADES; HYDROLOGY AB Tree islands, forested islands in an herbaceous freshwater wetland landscape, are a major landscape feature in the Florida Everglades. The vegetation communities on the heads of 31 tree islands, including eight islands with recreational camp structures, were assessed throughout Water Conservation Area 3 to determine their composition, structure, and distribution across the landscape. The islands were a sample of the most elevated islands in the local landscape. Measures of forest canopy (> 3 m) and subcanopy (1-3 m) structure and composition, including cover, species richness, number of exotics, and total canopy basal area were ordinated onto six hydrologic variables estimated from the South Florida Water Management Model (v5.5) simulation from 1984 to 1997, and history of recent fire. Ordination allowed identification of four island groups: Group A, higher islands, most with camp structures, low or no canopy structure, high level of fire history, driest hydrology, and largest number of exotic species in canopy; Group B, variable canopy development including many plots without canopy cover, some fire history, and exotics in sub-canopy; Group C, highest islands with well developed canopy structure and no canopy exotics; and Group D, low elevation islands, wettest hydrology, no exotics, and deep peat soils. Cluster analysis of the vegetation cover data was used to identify sub-canopy and canopy communities of the island groups. Our results indicated that the forest canopy of elevated tree islands is similar throughout the central Everglades and that differences in tree island forest composition and structure were the result of local differences in island topography, hydrology, direct human disturbance, and past fire history. Canopy composition and structure were strongly correlated with extreme wet or dry hydrologic events rather than mean or median annual water levels. Fern species were also found to be a ubiquitous component of the sub-canopy. The results of this study identify potentially successful species and provide some basic guidelines for restoring the forest head communities of degraded tree islands. C1 [Wetzel, Paul R.] Smith Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. [Pinion, Timothy; Heisler, Lorraine] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, S Florida Field Off, Vero Beach, FL 32960 USA. [Towles, D. Timothy] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Vero Beach Field Off, Vero Beach, FL 32968 USA. RP Wetzel, PR (reprint author), Smith Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. EM pwetzel@email.smith.edu NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 276 EP 289 DI 10.1672/07-22.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 309FK UT WOS:000256445900002 ER PT J AU Sanderson, JS Kotliar, NB Steingraeber, DA Browne, C AF Sanderson, John S. Kotliar, Natasha B. Steingraeber, David A. Browne, Claudia TI Simulated natural hydrologic regime of an intermountain playa conservation site SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Colorado; hydrologic modeling; San Luis Valley; simulated natural conditions; water budget; wetlands ID AQUATIC-BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; PRAIRIE WETLAND; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; FLOW REGIMES; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; MODEL; RIVER; USA; RESTORATION; COTTONWOOD AB An intermountain playa wetland preserve in Colorado's San Luis Valley was studied to assess how its current hydrologic function compares to its natural hydrologic regime. Current hydrologic conditions were quantified, and on-site effects of off-site water use were assessed. A water-budget model was developed to simulate an unaltered (i.e., natural) hydrologic regime, and simulated natural conditions were compared to observed conditions. From 1998-2002, observed stream inflows accounted for >= 80% of total annual water inputs. No ground water discharged to the wetland. Evapotranspiration (ET) accounted for >= 69% of total annual water loss. Simulated natural conditions differed substantially from current altered conditions with respect to depth, variability, and frequency of flooding. During 1998-2002, observed monthly mean surface-water depth was 65% lower than under simulated natural conditions. Observed monthly variability in water depth range from 129% greater (May) to 100% less (September and October) than simulated. As observed, the wetland dried completely (i.e., was ephemeral) in all years; as simulated, the wetland was ephemeral in two of five years. For the period 1915-2002, the simulated wetland was inundated continuously for as long as 16 years and nine months. The large differences in observed and simulated surface-water dynamics resulted from differences between altered and simulated unaltered stream inflows. The maximum and minimum annual total stream inflows observed from 1998-2005 were 3.1 x 10(6) m(3) and 0 m(3), respectively, versus 15.5 x 10(6) m(3) and 3.2 x 10(6) m(3) under simulated natural conditions from 1915-2002. The maximum simulated inflow was 484% greater than observed. These data indicate that the current hydrologic regime of this intermountain playa differs significantly from its natural hydrologic regime, which has important implications for planning and assessing conservation success. C1 [Sanderson, John S.; Steingraeber, David A.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kotliar, Natasha B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Browne, Claudia] Biohabitats, So Rocky Mt Bioreg, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Sanderson, JS (reprint author), Nat Conservancy Colorado, 117 E Mt Ave, Suite 222, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. EM jsanderson@tnc.org NR 68 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 363 EP 377 DI 10.1672/07-76.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 309FK UT WOS:000256445900009 ER PT J AU Wilcox, DA Nichols, SJ AF Wilcox, Douglas A. Nichols, S. Jerrine TI The effects of water-level fluctuations on vegetation in a Lake Huron wetland SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE drawdown; Great Lakes; hydrodynamic model; plant communities; Schoenoplectus pungens; Typha angustifolia ID PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; PRAIRIE WETLAND; NOVA-SCOTIA; SEED BANKS; DYNAMICS; ZONATION; DRAWDOWN; MODEL; LAKESHORES; GRADIENT AB The diversity and resultant habitat value of wetland plant communities in the Laurentian Great Lakes are dependent on water-level fluctuations of varying frequency and amplitude. Conceptual models have described the response of vegetation to alternating high and low lake levels, but few quantitative studies have documented the changes that occur. In response to recent concerns over shoreline management activities during an ongoing period of low lake levels in lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron that began in 1999, we analyzed a quantitative data set from Saginaw Bay of Lake Huron collected from 1988 to 1993 during a previous lake-level decline to provide the needed information on vegetation responses. Transects were established that followed topographic contours with water-level histories that differed across a six-year period, ranging from barely flooded to dewatered for varying numbers of years to never dewatered. Percent cover data from randomly placed quadrats along those transects were analyzed to assess floristic changes over time, document development of distinct plant assemblages, and relate the results to lake-level changes. Ordinations showed that plant assemblages sorted out by transects that reflect differing water-level histories. Distinction of assemblages was maintained for at least three years, although the composition and positioning of those assemblages changed as lake levels changed. We present a model that uses orthogonal axes to plot transects by years out of water against distance above water and sorted those transects in a manner that matched ordination results. The model suggests that vegetation response following dewatering is dependent on both position along the water level/soil moisture gradient and length of time since dewatering. This study provided quantitative evidence that lake-level fluctuations drive vegetative change in Great Lakes wetlands, and it may assist in making decisions regarding shoreline management in areas that historically supported wetlands. C1 [Wilcox, Douglas A.; Nichols, S. Jerrine] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Wilcox, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dwilcox@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 487 EP 501 DI 10.1672/07-129.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 309FK UT WOS:000256445900019 ER PT J AU Swanson, CC Jenks, JA DePerno, CS Klaver, RW Osborn, RG Tardiff, JA AF Swanson, Christopher C. Jenks, Jonathan A. DePerno, Christopher S. Klaver, Robert W. Osborn, Robert G. Tardiff, Jeannine A. TI Does the use of vaginal-implant transmitters affect neonate survival rate of white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus? SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neonate; Odocoileus virginianus; predation; survival; vaginal-implant transmitter; white-tailed deer ID DOE BEHAVIOR; MULE DEER; FAWNS; MORTALITY; CAPTURE; PREDATION; MINNESOTA; MARKING AB We compared survival of neonate white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus captured using vaginal-implant transmitters (VITs) and traditional ground searches to determine if capture method affects neonate survival. During winter 2003, 14 adult female radio-collared deer were fitted with VITs to aid in the spring capture of neonates; neonates were captured using VITs (N = 14) and traditional ground searches (N = 7). Of the VITs, seven (50%) resulted in the location of birth sites and the capture of 14 neonates. However, seven (50%) VITs were prematurely expelled prior to parturition. Predation accounted for seven neonate mortalities, and of these, five were neonates captured using VITs. During summer 2003, survival for neonates captured using VITs one, two, and three months post capture was 0.76 (SE = 0.05; N = 14), 0.64 (SE = 0.07; N = 11) and 0.64 (SE = 0.08; N = 9), respectively. Neonate survival one, two and three months post capture for neonates captured using ground searches was 0.71 (SE = 0.11; N = 7), 0.71 (SE = 0.15; N = 5) and 0.71 (SE = 0.15; N = 5), respectively. Although 71% of neonates that died were captured <24 hours after birth using VITs, survival did not differ between capture methods. Therefore, use of VITs to capture neonate white-tailed deer did not influence neonate survival. VITs enabled us to capture neonates in dense habitats which would have been difficult to locate using traditional ground searches. C1 [Swanson, Christopher C.; Jenks, Jonathan A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [DePerno, Christopher S.; Osborn, Robert G.; Tardiff, Jeannine A.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Farmland Wildlife Populat & Res Unit, Madelia, MN 56062 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Swanson, CC (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM christopher.swanson@sdstate.edu; jonathan.jenks@sdstate.edu; chris_deperno@ncsu.edu; bklaver@usgs.gov; bob@haydenwing.com; jtardiff@state.pa.us RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009 NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 EI 1903-220X J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 2 BP 272 EP 279 DI 10.2981/0909-6396(2008)14[272:DTUOVT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 331QK UT WOS:000258027500011 ER PT J AU Mojica, EK Meyers, JM Millsap, BA Haley, KL AF Mojica, Elizabeth K. Meyers, J. Michael Millsap, Brian A. Haley, Katherin L. TI Migration of Florida sub-adult Bald Eagles SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We used satellite telemetry locations accurate within 1 km to identify migration routes and stopover sites of 54 migratory sub-adult Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) hatched in Florida from 1997 to 2001. We measured number of days traveled during migration, path of migration, stopover time and locations, and distance traveled to and from winter and summer areas for each eagle (1-5 years old). Eagles used both Coastal Plain (n = 24) and Appalachian Mountain (n = 26) routes on their first migration north. Mountain migrants traveled farther ((x) over bar = 2,112 km; 95% CI: 1,815-2,410) than coastal migrants ((x) over bar = 1,397 km; 95% CI: 1,087-1,706). Eagles changed between migration routes less often on northbound and southbound movements as they matured (chi(2) = 13.22, df = 2, P < 0.001). One-year-old eagles changed routes between yearly spring and fall migrations 57% of the time, 2-year-olds 30%, and 3-5-year-olds changed only 17% of the time. About half (n = 25, 46%) used stopovers during migration and stayed 6-31 days ((x) over bar = 14.8 days; 95% CI: 12.8-16.8). We recommend that migratory stopover site locations be added to GIS data bases for improving conservation of Bald Eagles in the eastern United States. C1 [Mojica, Elizabeth K.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Meyers, J. Michael] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Millsap, Brian A.] USDI, Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Haley, Katherin L.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Div Habitat & Species Conservat, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Mojica, EK (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Ctr Conservat Biol, POB 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM ekmojica@wm.edu RI Mojica, Elizabeth/G-1504-2012 OI Mojica, Elizabeth/0000-0001-6941-4840 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 120 IS 2 BP 304 EP 310 DI 10.1676/07-079.1 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 308ST UT WOS:000256411000008 ER PT J AU Niklison, AM Areta, JI Ruggera, RA Decker, KL Bosque, C Martin, TE AF Niklison, Alina M. Areta, Juan I. Ruggera, Roman A. Decker, Karie L. Bosque, Carlos Martin, Thomas E. TI Natural history and breeding biology of the Rusty-breasted Antpitta (Grallaricula ferrugineipectus) SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INCUBATION PERIODS; NEST; EVOLUTION; FORMICARIIDAE; SUCCESS; BIRDS; EGGS AB We provide substantial new information on the breeding biology of the Rusty-breasted Antpitta (Grallaricula ferrugineipectus ferrugineipectus) from 40 nests during four consecutive breeding seasons at Yacambu National Park in Venezuela. Vocalizations are quite variable in G. ferrugineipectus. Nesting activity peaked in April when laying began for half of all nests monitored. The date of nest initiation pattern suggests this species is single-brooded. Both parents incubate and the percent of time they incubate is high (87-99%) throughout the incubation period. The incubation period averaged (+/- SE) 17.0 +/- 0.12 days, while the nestling period averaged 13.37 +/- 0.37 days. G. f. ferrugineipectus has the shortest developmental time described for its genus. Time spent brooding nestlings decreased as nestlings grew, but was still greater at pin feather break day than observed in north temperate species. The growth rate constant based on mass (k = 0.41) and tarsus length (k = 0.24) was lower than the k for north temperate species of similar adult mass. All nesting mortality was caused by predation and overall daily survival rate ( SE) was relatively low (0.94 +/- 0.01) yielding an estimated 15% nest success. C1 [Niklison, Alina M.; Areta, Juan I.; Ruggera, Roman A.; Decker, Karie L.; Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Areta, Juan I.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, CIC&TTP, RA-3105 Diamante, Entre Rios, Argentina. [Areta, Juan I.] Grp Falco, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. [Bosque, Carlos] Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Biol Organismos, Caracas 1080A, Venezuela. RP Niklison, AM (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM alinanik@yahoo.com RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011; OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867; Areta, Juan Ignacio/0000-0001-8588-3030 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 120 IS 2 BP 345 EP 352 DI 10.1676/07-007.1 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 308ST UT WOS:000256411000013 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Takekawa, JY Bluso, JD Yee, JL Eagles-Smith, CA AF Ackerman, Joshua T. Takekawa, John Y. Bluso, Jill D. Yee, Julie L. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. TI Gender identification of Caspian Terns using external morphology and diiscriminant function analysis SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; LAUGHING GULLS; FORSTERS TERN; WITHIN-PAIR; MOLT AB Caspian Tern (Sterna caspia) plumage characteristics are sexually monochromatic and gender cannot easily be distinguished in the field without extensive behavioral observations. We assessed sexual size dimorphism and developed a discriminant function to assign gender in Caspian Terns based on external morphology. We collected and measured Caspian Terns in San Francisco Bay, California, and confirmed their gender based on necropsy and genetic analysis, Of the eight morphological measurements we examined, only bill depth at the gonys and head plus bill length differed between males and females with males being larger than females. A discriminant function using both bill depth at the gonys and head plus bill length accurately assigned gender of 83% of terns for which gender was known. We improved the accuracy of our discriminant function to 90% by excluding individuals that had less than a 75% posterior probability of correctly being assigned to gender. Caspian Terns showed little sexual size dimorphism in many morphometrics, but our results indicate they can be reliably assigned to gender in the field using two morphological measurements. C1 [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Bluso, Jill D.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] Univ Calif Davis, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, USGS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] Western Ecol Res Ctr, USGS, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Bluso, Jill D.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Yee, Julie L.] USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, USGS, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 120 IS 2 BP 378 EP 383 DI 10.1676/07-061.1 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 308ST UT WOS:000256411000017 ER PT J AU Farmer, C Frederick, BA Banko, PC Stephens, RM Snow, CW AF Farmer, Chris Frederick, Bridget A. Banko, Paul C. Stephens, Robert M. Snow, Carter W. TI Palila (Loxioides bailleui) fledgling fed by Hawai'i 'Amakihi (Hemignathus virens) SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NESTLINGS AB We observed an adult male Hawai'i 'Amakihi (Hemignathus virens) repeatedly feed a fledgling Palila (Loxioides bailleui). We observed 1619 food provisions during 14 hrs of observation between 21 and 29 June 2006. The presumed biological parents were frequently seen nearby, but adult Palila were not observed feeding the fledgling. C1 [Farmer, Chris; Frederick, Bridget A.; Stephens, Robert M.; Snow, Carter W.] Univ Hawaii Hilo PACRC, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, US Geol Survey, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. [Banko, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Island Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. RP Farmer, C (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Hilo PACRC, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, US Geol Survey, POB 44,Hawaii Natl Pk, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. EM chris_farmer@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 120 IS 2 BP 416 EP 418 DI 10.1676/07-070.1 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 308ST UT WOS:000256411000028 ER PT J AU Anslow, FS Hostetler, S Bidlake, WR Clark, PU AF Anslow, Faron S. Hostetler, Steven Bidlake, William R. Clark, Peter U. TI Distributed energy balance modeling of South Cascade Glacier, Washington and assessment of model uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; SURFACE HEAT FLUXES; MASS-BALANCE; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; SOLAR-RADIATION; SNOW-SURFACE; PARAMETERIZATION; SWITZERLAND; TEMPERATURE; ABLATION AB We have developed a physically based, distributed surface energy balance model to simulate glacier mass balance under meteorological and climatological forcing. Here we apply the model to estimate summer ablation on South Cascade Glacier, Washington, for the 2004 and 2005 mass balance seasons. To arrive at optimal mass balance simulations, we investigate and quantify model uncertainty associated with selecting from a range of physical parameter values that are not commonly measured in glaciological mass balance field studies. We optimize the performance of the model by varying values for atmospheric transmissivity, the albedo of surrounding topography, precipitation-elevation lapse rate, surface roughness for turbulent exchange of momentum, and snow albedo aging coefficient. Of these the snow aging parameter and precipitation lapse rates have the greatest influence on the modeled ablation. We examined model sensitivity to varying parameters by performing an additional 10 3 realizations with parameters randomly chosen over a +/-5% range centered about the optimum values. The best fit suite of model parameters yielded a net balance of -1.69 +/- 0.38 m water equivalent ( WE) for the 2004 water year and -2.10 +/- 0.30 m WE up to 11 September 2005. The 2004 result is within 3% of the measured value. These simulations account for 91% and 93% of the variance in measured ablation for the respective years. C1 [Anslow, Faron S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Bidlake, William R.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Clark, Peter U.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hostetler, Steven] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Anslow, FS (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, 6339 Stores Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM fanslow@eos.ubc.ca NR 56 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAY 31 PY 2008 VL 113 IS F2 AR F02019 DI 10.1029/2007JF000850 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 308AA UT WOS:000256359500001 ER PT J AU Smith, CN Kesler, SE Blum, JD Rytuba, JJ AF Smith, Christopher N. Kesler, Stephen E. Blum, Joel D. Rytuba, James J. TI Isotope geochemistry of mercury in source rocks, mineral deposits and spring deposits of the California Coast Ranges, USA SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE mercury; Hg; isotope; Franciscan Complex; Great Valley Sequence; Clear Lake Volcanic Sequence ID GEYSERS GEOTHERMAL-FIELD; CLEAR LAKE AREA; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; STABLE-ISOTOPE; FRACTIONATION; ORIGIN; WATERS; AGE; SPECIATION AB We present here the first study of the isotopic composition of mercury in rocks, ore deposits, and active spring deposits from the California Coast Ranges, a part of Earth's crust with unusually extensive evidence of mercury mobility and enrichment. The Franciscan Complex and Great Valley Sequence, which form the bedrock in the California Coast Ranges, are intruded and overlain by Tertiary volcanic rocks including the Clear Lake Volcanic Sequence. These rocks contain two types of mercury deposits, hot-spring deposits that form at shallow depths (<300 m) and silica-carbonate deposits that extend to depths of 1000 m. Active springs and geothermal areas continue to precipitate Hg and Au and are modern analogues to the fossil hydrothermal systems preserved in the ore deposits. The Franciscan Complex and Great Valley Sequence contain clastic sedimentary rocks with higher concentrations of mercury than volcanic rocks of the Clear Lake Volcanic Field. Mean mercury isotopic compositions (delta Hg-202) for all three rock units are similar, although the range of values in Franciscan Complex rocks is greater than in either Great Valley OF Clear Lake rocks. Hot spring and silica-carbonate mercury deposits have similar average mercury isotopic compositions that are indistinguishable from averages for the three rock units, although delta Hg-202 values for the mercury deposits have a greater variance than the country rocks. Precipitates from spring and geothermal waters in the area have similarly large variance and a mean delta Hg-202 value that is significantly lower than the ore deposits and rocks. These observations indicate that there is little or no isotopic fractionation (< +/- 0.5%.) during release of mercury from its source rocks into hydrothermal solutions. Isotopic fractionation does appear to take place during transport and concentration of mercury in deposits, however, especially in their uppermost parts. Boiling of hydrothermal fluids, separation of a mercury-bearing CO2 vapor or reduction and volatilization of Hg-(0) in the near-surface environment are likely the most important processes causing the observed Hg isotope fractionation. This should result in the release of mercury with low 6202 Hg values into the atmosphere from the top of these hydrothermal systems. Estimates of mass balance suggest that residual Hg reservoirs are not measurably enriched in heavy Hg isotopes as a result of this process because only a small amount of Hg (<4%) leaves actively ore-forming systems. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Smith, Christopher N.; Kesler, Stephen E.; Blum, Joel D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rytuba, James J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kesler, SE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, 1006 CC Little Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM skesler@umich.edu NR 70 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAY 30 PY 2008 VL 269 IS 3-4 BP 398 EP 406 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.02.029 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 312YX UT WOS:000256709400008 ER PT J AU Reddy, MM Reddy, MB Kipp, KL Burman, A Schuster, P Rawlik, PS AF Reddy, Michael M. Reddy, Micaela B. Kipp, Kenneth L. Burman, Aaron Schuster, Paul Rawlik, Peter S., Jr. TI Peat porewater chloride concentration profiles in the Everglades during wet/dry cycles from January 1996 to June 1998: field measurements and theoretical analysis SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Everglades; peat porewater; diffusion; advection; transport; mathematical model; chloride transport ID FLORIDA EVERGLADES; TROPHIC GRADIENT; WATER; LAKE; SOIL AB Water quality is a key aspect of the Everglades Restoration Project, the largest water reclamation and ecosystem management project proposed in the United States. Movement of nutrients and contaminants to and from Everglades peat porewater could have important consequences for Everglades water quality and ecosystem restoration activities. In a study of Everglades porewater, we observed complex, seasonally variable peat porewater chloride concentration profiles at several locations. Analyses and interpretation of these changing peat porewater chloride concentration profiles identifies processes controlling conservative solute movement at the peat-surface water interface, that is, solutes whose transport is minimally affected by chemical and biological reactions. We examine, with an advection-diffusion model, how alternating wet and dry climatic conditions in the Florida Everglades mediate movement of chloride between peat porewater and marsh surface water. Changing surface water-chloride concentrations alter gradients at the interface between peat and overlying water and hence alter chloride flux across that interface. Surface water chloride concentrations at two frequently monitored sites vary with marsh water depth, and a transfer function was developed to describe daily marsh surface water chloride concentration as a function of marsh water depth. Model results demonstrate that porewater chloride concentrations are driven by changing surface water chloride concentrations, and a sensitivity analysis suggests that inclusion of advective transport in the model improves the agreement between the calculated and the observed chloride concentration profiles. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Reddy, Michael M.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Reddy, Micaela B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schuster, Paul] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Rawlik, Peter S., Jr.] S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33416 USA. RP Reddy, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, POB 25046,MS 418, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mmreddy@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAY 30 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1713 EP 1724 DI 10.1002/hyp.6739 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 305WI UT WOS:000256208100012 ER PT J AU Sherrod, BL Blakely, RJ Weaver, CS Kelsey, HM Barnett, E Liberty, L Meagher, KL Pape, K AF Sherrod, Brian L. Blakely, Richard J. Weaver, Craig S. Kelsey, Harvey M. Barnett, Elizabeth Liberty, Lee Meagher, Karen L. Pape, Kristin TI Finding concealed active faults: Extending the southern whidbey Island fault across the Puget Lowland, Washington SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LATE HOLOCENE EARTHQUAKES; CASCADIA FORE-ARC; SEATTLE FAULT; SUBDUCTION ZONE; SOUND; DEFORMATION; CALIBRATION; SEISMICITY; ANOMALIES; MIGRATION AB [1] The southern Whidbey Island fault zone (SWIF), as previously mapped using borehole data, potential field anomalies, and marine seismic reflection surveys, consists of three subparallel, northwest trending strands extending similar to 100 km from near Vancouver Island to the northern Puget Lowland. East of Puget Sound, the SWIF makes landfall between the cities of Seattle and Everett but is concealed beneath a thick mantle of young glacial deposits and vegetation. A similar to 20-km-wide, northwest trending swath of subparallel, low-amplitude aeromagnetic anomalies crosses this region of the Puget Lowland and is on strike with the SWIF. The most prominent aeromagnetic anomaly, the Cottage Lake lineament, extends at least 18 km and lies approximately on strike with the SWIF on Whidbey Island. Subtle scarps and topographic lineaments on Pleistocene surfaces, visible on high-resolution lidar topography at a number of locations along the SWIF, lie on or near these magnetic anomalies. In the field, scarps exhibit northeast-side-up and vertical relief of 1 to 5 m. Excavations across several lidar scarps lying on or near magnetic anomalies show evidence for multiple folding and faulting events since deglaciation, most likely above buried reverse/oblique faults. Excavations in areas away from magnetic anomalies do not show evidence of tectonic deformation. In total, paleoseismological evidence suggests that the SWIF produced at least four earthquakes since deglaciation about 16,400 years ago, the most recent less than 2700 years ago. C1 [Sherrod, Brian L.; Weaver, Craig S.; Meagher, Karen L.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Blakely, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kelsey, Harvey M.; Barnett, Elizabeth] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Liberty, Lee; Pape, Kristin] Boise State Univ, CGISS, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Sherrod, BL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 50 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 30 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B5 AR B05313 DI 10.1029/2007JB005060 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 308AU UT WOS:000256361500001 ER PT J AU Phillips, RJ Zuber, MT Smrekar, SE Mellon, MT Head, JW Tanaka, KL Putzig, NE Milkovich, SM Campbell, BA Plaut, JJ Safaeinili, A Seu, R Biccari, D Carter, LM Picardi, G Orosei, R Mohit, PS Heggy, E Zurek, RW Egan, AF Giacomoni, E Russo, F Cutigni, M Pettinelli, E Holt, JW Leuschen, CJ Marinangeli, L AF Phillips, Roger J. Zuber, Maria T. Smrekar, Suzanne E. Mellon, Michael T. Head, James W. Tanaka, Kenneth L. Putzig, Nathaniel E. Milkovich, Sarah M. Campbell, Bruce A. Plaut, Jeffrey J. Safaeinili, Ali Seu, Roberto Biccari, Daniela Carter, Lynn M. Picardi, Giovanni Orosei, Roberto Mohit, P. Surdas Heggy, Essam Zurek, Richard W. Egan, Anthony F. Giacomoni, Emanuele Russo, Federica Cutigni, Marco Pettinelli, Elena Holt, John W. Leuschen, Carl J. Marinangeli, Lucia TI Mars north polar deposits: Stratigraphy, age, and geodynamical response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LAYERED DEPOSITS; EVOLUTION; REGION; CAP; SUBSURFACE; RHEOLOGY; HISTORY; CRUSTAL; MANTLE AB The Shallow Radar ( SHARAD) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has imaged the internal stratigraphy of the north polar layered deposits of Mars. Radar reflections within the deposits reveal a laterally continuous deposition of layers, which typically consist of four packets of finely spaced reflectors separated by homogeneous interpacket regions of nearly pure ice. The packet/ interpacket structure can be explained by approximately million- year periodicities in Mars' obliquity or orbital eccentricity. The observed similar to 100- meter maximum deflection of the underlying substrate in response to the ice load implies that the present- day thickness of an equilibrium elastic lithosphere is greater than 300 kilometers. Alternatively, the response to the load may be in a transient state controlled by mantle viscosity. Both scenarios probably require that Mars has a subchondritic abundance of heat- producing elements. C1 [Phillips, Roger J.; Putzig, Nathaniel E.; Egan, Anthony F.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Phillips, Roger J.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Zuber, Maria T.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Smrekar, Suzanne E.; Milkovich, Sarah M.; Plaut, Jeffrey J.; Safaeinili, Ali; Zurek, Richard W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mellon, Michael T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Head, James W.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Tanaka, Kenneth L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Campbell, Bruce A.; Carter, Lynn M.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Seu, Roberto; Biccari, Daniela; Picardi, Giovanni; Giacomoni, Emanuele; Russo, Federica; Cutigni, Marco] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento InfoCom, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Orosei, Roberto] Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Mohit, P. Surdas] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Mohit, P. Surdas] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Heggy, Essam] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Heggy, Essam] Inst Phys Globe, Paris, France. [Pettinelli, Elena] Univ Roma Tre, I-00146 Rome, Italy. [Holt, John W.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Leuschen, Carl J.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Marinangeli, Lucia] Univ Annunzio, I-65127 Pescara, Italy. RP Phillips, RJ (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM roger@boulder.swri.edu RI Holt, John/C-4896-2009; Carter, Lynn/D-2937-2012; Heggy, Essam/E-8250-2013; Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016; OI Heggy, Essam/0000-0001-7476-2735; PETTINELLI, Elena/0000-0002-7066-6516 NR 34 TC 140 Z9 140 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 30 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5880 BP 1182 EP 1185 DI 10.1126/science.1157546 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 306FF UT WOS:000256233000029 PM 18483402 ER PT J AU Piegay, H Hupp, CR Citterio, A Dufour, S Moulin, B Walling, DE AF Piegay, H. Hupp, C. R. Citterio, A. Dufour, S. Moulin, B. Walling, D. E. TI Spatial and temporal variability in sedimentation rates associated with cutoff channel infill deposits: Ain River, France SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN RIVERS; VERTICAL ACCRETION; OVERBANK SEDIMENTATION; SOUTHEASTERN FRANCE; FORESTED WETLAND; PIEDMONT RIVERS; FLOOD PLAINS; FLOODPLAINS; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS AB Floodplain development is associated with lateral accretion along stable channel geometry. Along shifting rivers, the floodplain sedimentation is more complex because of changes in channel position but also cutoff channel presence, which exhibit specific overflow patterns. In this contribution, the spatial and temporal variability of sedimentation rates in cutoff channel infill deposits is related to channel changes of a shifting gravel bed river (Ain River, France). The sedimentation rates estimated from dendrogeomorphic analysis are compared between and within 14 cutoff channel infills. Detailed analyses along a single channel infill are performed to assess changes in the sedimentation rates through time by analyzing activity profiles of the fallout radionuclides (137)Cs and unsupported (210)Pb. Sedimentation rates are also compared within the channel infills with rates in other plots located in the adjacent floodplain. Sedimentation rates range between 0.65 and 2.4 cm a(-1) over a period of 10 to 40 years. The data provide additional information on the role of distance from the bank, overbank flow frequency, and channel geometry in controlling the sedimentation rate. Channel infills, lower than adjacent floodplains, exhibit higher sedimentation rates and convey overbank sediment farther away within the floodplain. Additionally, channel degradation, aggradation, and bank erosion, which reduce or increase the distance between the main channel and the cutoff channel aquatic zone, affect local overbank flow magnitude and frequency and therefore sedimentation rates, thereby creating a complex mosaic of sedimentation zones within the floodplain and along the cutoff channel infills. Last, the dendrogeomorphic and (137)Cs approaches are cross validated for estimating the sedimentation rate within a channel infill. C1 [Hupp, C. R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Dufour, S.] Univ Aix Marseille, CEREGE, F-13545 Aix En Provence 04, France. [Walling, D. E.] Univ Exeter, Dept Geog, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. [Piegay, H.; Citterio, A.; Moulin, B.] Univ Lyon, CNRS, Site ENS Lsh, UMR 5600, F-69007 Lyon, France. RP Piegay, H (reprint author), Univ Lyon, CNRS, Site ENS Lsh, UMR 5600, 15 Parvis Rene Descartes, F-69007 Lyon, France. EM herve.piegay@ens-lsh.fr NR 67 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 29 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 AR W05420 DI 10.1029/2006WR005260 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 308BQ UT WOS:000256363700001 ER PT J AU Wichansky, PS Steyaert, LT Walko, RL Weaver, CP AF Wichansky, Paul S. Steyaert, Louis T. Walko, Robert L. Weaver, Christopher P. TI Evaluating the effects of historical land cover change on summertime weather and climate in New Jersey: Land cover and surface energy budget changes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID URBAN HEAT-ISLAND; SCALE ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DIURNAL TEMPERATURE-RANGE; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; MESOSCALE CIRCULATIONS; AGRICULTURAL LAND; GLOBAL CLIMATE AB The 19th-century agrarian landscape of New Jersey (NJ) and the surrounding region has been extensively transformed to the present-day land cover by urbanization, reforestation, and localized areas of deforestation. This study used a mesoscale atmospheric numerical model to investigate the sensitivity of the warm season climate of NJ to these land cover changes. Reconstructed 1880s-era and present-day land cover data sets were used as surface boundary conditions for a set of simulations performed with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). Three-member ensembles with historical and present-day land cover were compared to examine the sensitivity of surface air and dew point temperatures, rainfall, and the individual components of the surface energy budget to these land cover changes. Mean temperatures for the present-day landscape were 0.3-0.6 degrees C warmer than for the historical landscape over a considerable portion of NJ and the surrounding region, with daily maximum temperatures at least 1.0 degrees C warmer over some of the highly urbanized locations. Reforested regions, however, were slightly cooler. Dew point temperatures decreased by 0.3-0.6 degrees C, suggesting drier, less humid near-surface air for the present-day landscape. Surface warming was generally associated with repartitioning of net radiation from latent to sensible heat flux, and conversely for cooling. While urbanization was accompanied by strong surface albedo decreases and increases in net shortwave radiation, reforestation and potential changes in forest composition have generally increased albedos and also enhanced landscape heterogeneity. The increased deciduousness of forests may have further reduced net downward longwave radiation. C1 [Wichansky, Paul S.; Weaver, Christopher P.] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Environm Predict, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Wichansky, Paul S.; Weaver, Christopher P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Steyaert, Louis T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Steyaert, Louis T.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Walko, Robert L.] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Wichansky, PS (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Environm Predict, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM pstuart@cep.rutgers.edu RI Weaver, Christopher/G-3714-2010 OI Weaver, Christopher/0000-0003-4016-5451 NR 130 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 28 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D10 AR D10107 DI 10.1029/2007JD008514 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 307ZS UT WOS:000256358700001 ER PT J AU Ishak, HD Dumbacher, JP Anderson, NL Keane, JJ Valkiunas, G Haig, SM Tell, LA Sehgal, RNM AF Ishak, Heather D. Dumbacher, John P. Anderson, Nancy L. Keane, John J. Valkiunas, Gediminas Haig, Susan M. Tell, Lisa A. Sehgal, Ravinder N. M. TI Blood Parasites in Owls with Conservation Implications for the Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AVIAN MALARIA PARASITES; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; INFECTED HAWAII AMAKIHI; CYTOCHROME-B LINEAGES; NORTH-AMERICAN BIRDS; HOST IMMUNE DEFENSE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BARRED OWL; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; PLASMODIUM-RELICTUM AB The three subspecies of Spotted Owl (Northern, Strix occidentalis caurina; California, S. o. occidentalis; and Mexican, S. o. lucida) are all threatened by habitat loss and range expansion of the Barred Owl (S. varia). An unaddressed threat is whether Barred Owls could be a source of novel strains of disease such as avian malaria (Plasmodium spp.) or other blood parasites potentially harmful for Spotted Owls. Although Barred Owls commonly harbor Plasmodium infections, these parasites have not been documented in the Spotted Owl. We screened 111 Spotted Owls, 44 Barred Owls, and 387 owls of nine other species for haemosporidian parasites (Leucocytozoon, Plasmodium, and Haemoproteus spp.). California Spotted Owls had the greatest number of simultaneous multi-species infections (44%). Additionally, sequencing results revealed that the Northern and California Spotted Owl subspecies together had the highest number of Leucocytozoon parasite lineages (n = 17) and unique lineages (n = 12). This high level of sequence diversity is significant because only one Leucocytozoon species (L. danilewskyi) has been accepted as valid among all owls, suggesting that L. danilewskyi is a cryptic species. Furthermore, a Plasmodium parasite was documented in a Northern Spotted Owl for the first time. West Coast Barred Owls had a lower prevalence of infection (15%) when compared to sympatric Spotted Owls (S. o. caurina 52%, S. o. occidentalis 79%) and Barred Owls from the historic range (61%). Consequently, Barred Owls on the West Coast may have a competitive advantage over the potentially immune compromised Spotted Owls. C1 [Ishak, Heather D.; Dumbacher, John P.; Sehgal, Ravinder N. M.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Dumbacher, John P.] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Ornithol & Mammal, San Francisco, CA USA. [Anderson, Nancy L.] Lindsay Wildlife Museum, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Keane, John J.] USDA, Forest Serv Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Valkiunas, Gediminas] Vilnius Univ, Inst Ecol, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Haig, Susan M.] USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Tell, Lisa A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA USA. RP Ishak, HD (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. EM heatherishak@gmail.com RI SEHGAL, Ravinder/F-9216-2010; OI SEHGAL, Ravinder/0000-0002-5255-4641 FU UC Davis [K12GM00679]; San Francisco State University [K12GM00679] FX Ravinder N. M. Sehgal, Heather Ishak, and this research were supported in part by an NIGMS MORE Institutional Research and Academic Career Development Award to UC Davis and San Francisco State University, grant number K12GM00679. NR 100 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 50 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 28 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 5 AR e2304 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002304 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 391XW UT WOS:000262268500039 PM 18509541 ER PT J AU Wagner, T Benbow, ME Brenden, TO Qi, J Johnson, RC AF Wagner, Tyler Benbow, M. Eric Brenden, Travis O. Qi, Jiaguo Johnson, R. Christian TI Buruli ulcer disease prevalence in Benin, West Africa: associations with land use/cover and the identification of disease clusters SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-ULCERANS; RISK-FACTORS; MIXED MODELS; GHANA; INFECTION; DISTRICT; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; INSECTS; MALARIA AB Background: Buruli ulcer (BU) disease, caused by infection with the environmental mycobacterium M. ulcerans, is an emerging infectious disease in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. Although vectors and modes of transmission remain unknown, it is hypothesized that the transmission of BU disease is associated with human activities in or around aquatic environments, and that characteristics of the landscape (e.g., land use/ cover) play a role in mediating BU disease. Several studies performed at relatively small spatial scales (e.g., within a single village or region of a country) support these hypotheses; however, if BU disease is associated with land use/ cover characteristics, either through spatial constraints on vector-host dynamics or by mediating human activities, then large-scale (i.e., country- wide) associations should also emerge. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate associations between BU disease prevalence in villages in Benin, West Africa and surrounding land use/ cover patterns and other map-based characteristics, and (2) identify areas with greater and lower than expected prevalence rates (i.e., disease clusters) to assist with the development of prevention and control programs. Results: Our landscape-based models identified low elevation, rural villages surrounded by forest land cover, and located in drainage basins with variable wetness patterns as being associated with higher BU disease prevalence rates. We also identified five spatial disease clusters. Three of the five clusters contained villages with greater than expected prevalence rates and two clusters contained villages with lower than expected prevalence rates. Those villages with greater than expected BU disease prevalence rates spanned a fairly narrow region of south-central Benin. Conclusion: Our analyses suggest that interactions between natural land cover and human alterations to the landscape likely play a role in the dynamics of BU disease. For example, urbanization, potentially by providing access to protected water sources, may reduce the likelihood of becoming infected with BU disease. Villages located at low elevations may have higher BU disease prevalence rates due to their close spatial proximity to high risk environments. In addition, forest land cover and drainage basins with variable wetness patterns may be important for providing suitable growth conditions for M. ulcerans, influencing the distribution and abundance of vectors, or mediating vector-human interactions. The identification of disease clusters in this study provides direction for future research aimed at better understanding these and other environmental and social determinants involved in BU disease outbreaks. C1 [Wagner, Tyler; Brenden, Travis O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Benbow, M. Eric] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Qi, Jiaguo] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Johnson, R. Christian] Programme Natl Lutte UB, Cotonou, Benin. RP Wagner, T (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM wagnerty@msu.edu; benbow@msu.edu; brenden@msu.edu; qi@msu.edu; rochjohnson@yahoo.fr FU FIC NIH HHS [R01 TW007550, R01TW007550] NR 51 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-072X J9 INT J HEALTH GEOGR JI Int. J. Health Geogr. PD MAY 27 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 25 DI 10.1186/1476-072X-7-25 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 334PL UT WOS:000258233600001 PM 18505567 ER PT J AU Cronin, TM Manley, PL Brachfeld, S Manley, TO Willard, DA Guilbault, JP Rayburn, JA Thunell, R Berke, M AF Cronin, T. M. Manley, P. L. Brachfeld, S. Manley, T. O. Willard, D. A. Guilbault, J. -P. Rayburn, J. A. Thunell, R. Berke, M. TI Impacts of post-glacial lake drainage events and revised chronology of the Champlain Sea episode 13-9 ka SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Champlain Sea; glacial lakes; Lake Vermont; Preboreal Oscillation; abrupt climate change ID LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; ST-LAWRENCE LOWLANDS; LATE QUATERNARY DEGLACIATION; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; YOUNGER DRYAS EVENT; FRESH-WATER INPUT; NORTH-ATLANTIC; GLACIAL MELTWATER; OXYGEN ISOTOPES AB Lithologic, CHIRP (Compressed High Intensity Radar Pulse) sonar, paleomagnetic, stable isotopic and micropaleontological analyses of sediment cores from Lake Champlain (New York, Vermont) were used to determine the age of the post-glacial Champlain Sea marine episode, the timing of salinity changes and their relationship to freshwater discharge from mid-continent glacial lakes. Calibrated radiocarbon ages on plant material provide an improved post-glacial chronology overcoming problems from shell ages caused by carbon reservoir effects up to 1500 yr. The final drainage of glacial Lake Vermont and the inception of marine conditions occurred similar to 13.1-12.8 ka (kiloannum, calendar years) and a sharp decrease in Champlain Sea salinity from similar to 25 to 7-8 psu (practical salinity units) occurred approximately 11.4-11.2 ka. Reduced salinity was most likely caused by rapid freshwater inflow eastward from glacial Lake Algonquin into the Champlain Basin. The timing of inferred freshwater event coincides with the widespread climatic cooling called the Preboreal Oscillation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cronin, T. M.; Willard, D. A.; Rayburn, J. A.; Berke, M.] US Geol Survey 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Manley, P. L.; Manley, T. O.] Middlebury Coll, Dept Geol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. [Brachfeld, S.] Montclair State Coll, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Guilbault, J. -P.] BRAQ Stratiag, Compton, PQ J0B 1LO, Canada. [Thunell, R.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Cronin, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tcronin@usgs.gov NR 99 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD MAY 27 PY 2008 VL 262 IS 1-2 BP 46 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.02.001 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 317HY UT WOS:000257011900003 ER PT J AU Mahler, BJ Valdes, D Musgrove, M Massei, N AF Mahler, B. J. Valdes, D. Musgrove, M. Massei, N. TI Nutrient dynamics as indicators of karst processes: Comparison of the Chalk aquifer (Normandy, France) and the Edwards aquifer (Texas, USA) SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE karst; nutrients; potassium; nitrate; Edwards aquifer; Chalk aquifer; Barton Springs ID NITRATE; GROUNDWATER; CONTAMINANTS; CHEMISTRY; SURFACE; WATERS; REGION; CHINA; UK AB Karst aquifers display a range of geologic and geomorphic characteristics in a wide range of climatic and land-use settings; identification of transport dynamics representative of karst aquifers in general could help advance our understanding of these complex systems. To this end, nutrient, turbidity, and major ion dynamics in response to storms were compared at multiple sites in two karst aquifers with contrasting characteristics and settings: the Chalk aquifer (Eure Department, Normandy, France) and the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards Aquifer (Texas, U.S.A.). The Chalk aquifer is typified by high matrix porosity, thick surficial deposits (up to 30 m thick), and agricultural land use; the Barton Springs segment is typified by low matrix porosity, outcropping limestone, and urban land use. Following one to three storms, from 5 to 16 samples from springs and wells were analyzed for major ions, and specific conductance and turbidity were monitored continuously. Comparison of the chemographs indicated some generalized responses, including an increase in turbidity and potassium concentrations and a decrease in major ion and nitrate concentrations with infiltrating storm runoff. Factor analysis of major ions and turbidity revealed strikingly similar behavior of the chemical variables for the two aquifers: The first two factors, explaining more than 75% of the variability, illustrate that dynamics of most major ions (including nitrate) are opposed to those of turbidity and of potassium. The results demonstrate that potassium and nitrate are effective tracers of infiltrating storm runoff and resident ground water, respectively, and the similar results for these two highly contrasting aquifers suggest that the dynamics identified might be applicable to karst systems in general. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mahler, B. J.; Musgrove, M.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78751 USA. [Valdes, D.] Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Massei, N.] Univ Rouen, F-76821 Mont St Aignan, France. RP Mahler, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8027 Exchange Dr, Austin, TX 78751 USA. EM bjmahler@usgs.gov; valdesdaniele@hotmail.com; mmusgrov@usgs.gov; nicolas.massei@univ-rouen.fr OI musgrove, marylynn/0000-0003-1607-3864; Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552 NR 48 TC 14 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAY 26 PY 2008 VL 98 IS 1-2 BP 36 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.02.006 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 315BG UT WOS:000256852300004 PM 18423785 ER PT J AU Luo, J Wu, WM Carley, J Fienen, MN Cheng, H Watson, D Criddle, CS Jardine, PM Kitanidis, PK AF Luo, J. Wu, W. -M. Carley, J. Fienen, M. N. Cheng, H. Watson, D. Criddle, C. S. Jardine, P. M. Kitanidis, P. K. TI Estimating first-order reaction rate coefficient for transport with nonequilibrium linear mass transfer in heterogeneous media SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE first-order reaction; mass transfer; travel-time distribution; memory function; temporal moment ID STOCHASTIC-CONVECTIVE TRANSPORT; HIGHLY CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; TEMPORAL MOMENTS; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; BREAKTHROUGH CURVES; ZERO-ORDER; TIME; DISPERSION AB A travel-time based approach is developed for estimating first-order reaction rate coefficients for transport with nonequilibrium linear mass transfer in heterogeneous media. Tracer transport in the mobile domain is characterized by a travel-time distribution, and mass transfer rates are described by a convolution product of concentrations in the mobile domain and a memory function rather than predefining the mass transfer model. A constant first-order reaction is assumed to occur only in the mobile domain. Analytical solutions in Laplace domain can be derived for both conservative and reactive breakthrough curves (BTCs). Temporal-moment analyses are presented by using the first and second moments of conservative and reactive BTCs and the mass consumption of the reactant for an inverse Gaussian travel-time distribution. In terms of moment matching, there is no need for one to specify the mass transfer model. With the same capacity ratio and the mean retention time, all mass transfer models will lead to the same moment-derived reaction rate coefficients. In addition, the consideration of mass transfer generally yields larger estimations of the reaction rate coefficient than models ignoring mass transfer. Furthermore, the capacity ratio and the mean retention time have opposite influences on the estimation of the reaction rate coefficient: the first-order reaction rate coefficient is positively linearly proportional to the capacity ratio, but negatively linearly proportional to the mean retention time. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Luo, J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wu, W. -M.; Cheng, H.; Criddle, C. S.; Kitanidis, P. K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Carley, J.; Watson, D.; Jardine, P. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Fienen, M. N.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Luo, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jianluo@ce.gatech.edu RI Fienen, Michael/D-2479-2009; Cheng, Hefa/A-1193-2007 OI Fienen, Michael/0000-0002-7756-4651; Cheng, Hefa/0000-0003-4911-6971 NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAY 26 PY 2008 VL 98 IS 1-2 BP 50 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.03.002 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 315BG UT WOS:000256852300005 PM 18440665 ER PT J AU Bahn, V Krohn, WB O'Connor, RJ AF Bahn, Volker Krohn, William B. O'Connor, Raymond J. TI Dispersal leads to spatial autocorrelation in species distributions: A simulation model SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE species distributions; spatial autocorrelation; dispersal; distribution modelling; carrying capacity; growth rate; population dynamics; source-sink populations; spatial patterns; environmental autocorrelation ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; CONNECTIVITY; ENVIRONMENT; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; NICHE AB Compared to population growth regulated by local conditions, dispersal has been underappreciated as a central process shaping the spatial distribution of populations. This paper asks: (a) which conditions increase the importance of dispersers relative to local recruits in determining population sizes? and (b) how does dispersal influence the spatial distribution patterns of abundances among connected populations? We approached these questions with a simulation model of populations on a coupled lattice with cells of continuously varying habitat quality expressed as carrying capacities. Each cell contained a population with the basic dynamics of density-regulated growth, and was connected to other populations by immigration and emigration. The degree to which dispersal influenced the distribution of population sizes depended most strongly on the absolute amount of dispersal, and then on the potential population growth rate. Dispersal decaying in intensity with distance left close neighbours more alike in population size than distant populations, leading to an increase in spatial autocorrelation. The spatial distribution of species with low potential growth rates is more dependent on dispersal than that of species with high growth rates; therefore, distribution modelling for species with low growth rates requires particular attention to autocorrelation, and conservation management of these species requires attention to factors curtailing dispersal, such as fragmentation and dispersal barriers. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bahn, Volker; O'Connor, Raymond J.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Krohn, William B.] US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04468 USA. RP Bahn, V (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Stewart Biol Bldg,1205 Ave Docteur Penfield, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. EM volker.bahn@mcgill.ca; wkrohn@umenfa.maine.edu NR 39 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAY 24 PY 2008 VL 213 IS 3-4 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.12.005 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 297OB UT WOS:000255624900002 ER PT J AU Bell, JF Rice, MS Johnson, JR Hare, TM AF Bell, J. F., III Rice, M. S. Johnson, J. R. Hare, T. M. TI Surface albedo observations at Gusev Crater and Meridiani Planum, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; LANDING-SITE; INTERPLANETARY CRUISE; MU-M; ROVER; MISSION; CAMERA; INERTIA; REFLECTANCE; ORBITER AB During the Mars Exploration Rover mission, the Pancam instrument has periodically acquired large-scale panoramic images with its broadband(739 +/- 338 nm) filter in order to estimate the Lambert bolometric albedo of the surface along each rover's traverse. In this work we present the full suite of such estimated albedo values measured to date by the Spirit and Opportunity rovers along their traverses in Gusev Crater and Meridiani Planum, respectively. We include estimated bolometric albedo values of individual surface features ( e. g., outcrops, dusty plains, aeolian bed forms, wheel tracks, light-toned soils, and crater walls) as well as overall surface averages of the 43 total panoramic albedo data sets acquired to date. We also present comparisons to estimated Lambert albedo values taken from the Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) along the rovers' traverses, and to the large-scale bolometric albedos of the sites from the Viking Orbiter Infrared Thermal Mapper (IRTM) and Mars Global Surveyor/Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES). The ranges of Pancam-derived albedos at Gusev Crater (0.14 to 0.25) and in Meridiani Planum (0.10 to 0.18) are in good agreement with IRTM, TES, and MOC orbital measurements. These data sets will be a useful tool and benchmark for future investigations of albedo variations with time, including measurements from orbital instruments like the Context Camera and High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Long-term, accurate albedo measurements could also be important for future efforts in climate modeling as well as for studies of active surface processes. C1 [Bell, J. F., III; Rice, M. S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Johnson, J. R.; Hare, T. M.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Bell, JF (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, 402 Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jfb8@cornell.edu RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; OI Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAY 24 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E6 AR E06S18 DI 10.1029/2007JE002976 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 304WY UT WOS:000256141000001 ER PT J AU Pollitz, FF Schwartz, DP AF Pollitz, Fred F. Schwartz, David P. TI Probabilistic seismic hazard in the San Francisco Bay area based on a simplified viscoelastic cycle model of fault interactions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LAYERED SPHERICAL EARTH; LARGE EARTHQUAKES; ANDREAS FAULT; HAYWARD FAULT; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; SLIP; CALIFORNIA; RATES; ZONE; DEFORMATION AB [1] We construct a viscoelastic cycle model of plate boundary deformation that includes the effect of time-dependent interseismic strain accumulation, coseismic strain release, and viscoelastic relaxation of the substrate beneath the seismogenic crust. For a given fault system, time-averaged stress changes at any point (not on a fault) are constrained to zero; that is, kinematic consistency is enforced for the fault system. The dates of last rupture, mean recurrence times, and the slip distributions of the (assumed) repeating ruptures are key inputs into the viscoelastic cycle model. This simple formulation allows construction of stress evolution at all points in the plate boundary zone for purposes of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). Stress evolution is combined with a Coulomb failure stress threshold at representative points on the fault segments to estimate the times of their respective future ruptures. In our PSHA we consider uncertainties in a four-dimensional parameter space: the rupture peridocities, slip distributions, time of last earthquake (for prehistoric ruptures) and Coulomb failure stress thresholds. We apply this methodology to the San Francisco Bay region using a recently determined fault chronology of area faults. Assuming single-segment rupture scenarios, we find that future rupture probabilities of area faults in the coming decades are the highest for the southern Hayward, Rodgers Creek, and northern Calaveras faults. This conclusion is qualitatively similar to that of Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities, but the probabilities derived here are significantly higher. Given that fault rupture probabilities are highly model-dependent, no single model should be used to assess to time-dependent rupture probabilities. We suggest that several models, including the present one, be used in a comprehensive PSHA methodology, as was done by Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities. C1 [Pollitz, Fred F.; Schwartz, David P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fpollitz@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 24 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B5 AR B05409 DI 10.1029/2007JB005227 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 304XE UT WOS:000256141600002 ER PT J AU Niswonger, RG Prudic, DE Fogg, GE Stonestrom, DA Buckland, EM AF Niswonger, R. G. Prudic, D. E. Fogg, G. E. Stonestrom, D. A. Buckland, E. M. TI Method for estimating spatially variable seepage loss and hydraulic conductivity in intermittent and ephemeral streams SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROUND-WATER TRACERS; FURROW INFILTRATION; MODEL; IRRIGATION; SIMULATION; SURFACE; FLOW; SOIL; REDISTRIBUTION; CONDUCTANCE AB A method is presented for estimating seepage loss and streambed hydraulic conductivity along intermittent and ephemeral streams using streamflow front velocities in initially dry channels. The method uses the kinematic wave equation for routing streamflow in channels coupled to Philip's equation for infiltration. The coupled model considers variations in seepage loss both across and along the channel. Water redistribution in the unsaturated zone is also represented in the model. Sensitivity of the streamflow front velocity to parameters used for calculating seepage loss and for routing streamflow shows that the streambed hydraulic conductivity has the greatest sensitivity for moderate to large seepage loss rates. Channel roughness, geometry, and slope are most important for low seepage loss rates; however, streambed hydraulic conductivity is still important for values greater than 0.008 m/d. Two example applications are presented to demonstrate the utility of the method. C1 [Niswonger, R. G.; Prudic, D. E.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Fogg, G. E.; Buckland, E. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fogg, G. E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stonestrom, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Niswonger, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2730 N Deer Run Rd, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. EM rniswon@usgs.gov RI Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011 OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385 NR 51 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 24 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 AR W05418 DI 10.1029/2007WR006626 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 304YA UT WOS:000256143800002 ER PT J AU Woodcock, CE Allen, R Anderson, M Belward, A Bindschadler, R Cohen, W Gao, F Goward, SN Helder, D Helmer, E Nemani, R Oreopoulos, L Schott, J Thenkabail, PS Vermote, EF Vogelmann, J Wulder, MA Wynne, R AF Woodcock, Curtis E. Allen, Richard Anderson, Martha Belward, Alan Bindschadler, Robert Cohen, Warren Gao, Feng Goward, Samuel N. Helder, Dennis Helmer, Eileen Nemani, Rama Oreopoulos, Lazaros Schott, John Thenkabail, Prasad S. Vermote, Eric F. Vogelmann, James Wulder, Michael A. Wynne, Randolph CA Landsat Sci Team TI Free access to Landsat imagery SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Woodcock, Curtis E.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Allen, Richard] Univ Idaho, Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Anderson, Martha] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Belward, Alan] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Global Environm Monitoring Unit, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Bindschadler, Robert; Gao, Feng; Oreopoulos, Lazaros] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cohen, Warren] USDA, Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Goward, Samuel N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Helder, Dennis] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Helmer, Eileen] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Nemani, Rama] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ecosyst Sci & Technol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Schott, John] Rochester Inst Technol, Chester F Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Vermote, Eric F.] IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Vogelmann, James] USGS EROS, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wulder, Michael A.] Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Wynne, Randolph] Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Woodcock, CE (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM curtis@bu.edu RI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/E-5868-2012; Vermote, Eric/K-3733-2012; Wulder, Michael/J-5597-2016; OI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/0000-0001-6061-6905; Wulder, Michael/0000-0002-6942-1896; Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 0 TC 199 Z9 206 U1 6 U2 43 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 23 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5879 BP 1011 EP 1011 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 303RY UT WOS:000256059800013 PM 18497274 ER PT J AU Mankinen, EA AF Mankinen, Edward A. TI Paleomagnetic study of late Miocene through Pleistocene igneous rocks from the southwestern USA: Results from the historic collections of the US Geological Survey Menlo Park laboratory SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE paleomagnetism ID GEOMAGNETIC POLARITY EPOCHS; POTASSIUM-ARGON DATES; HONOLULU VOLCANIC SERIES; LONG-VALLEY-CALDERA; K-AR AGES; SIERRA-NEVADA; PALEOSECULAR VARIATION; SECULAR VARIATION; NEW-MEXICO; BISHOP TUFF AB Seventy sites from the southwestern United States provide paleomagnetic results that meet certain minimum criteria and can be considered for the Time-Averaged Field Initiative (TAFI). The virtual geomagnetic poles for these 70 units are circularly distributed, and their mean is nearly coincident with the rotational axis. When other published data for the southwestern United States are included (N = 146), the virtual geomagnetic poles are again circularly distributed, but their mean is significantly displaced from the rotational axis. Whichever of these data sets is used, the mean poles for normal-and reversed-polarity data differ by similar to 170 degrees and are not antipodal at greater than 95% confidence. When the data are separated into specific age groups, the 95% confidence limits about the mean poles for the Brunhes, Matuyama, combined Gauss/Gilbert, and late Miocene intervals all include the rotational axis. Angular dispersion about these four mean poles increases systematically with increasing age and is consistent with paleosecular variation Model "G.''. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mankinen, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM emank@usgs.gov NR 101 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD MAY 22 PY 2008 VL 9 AR Q05017 DI 10.1029/2008GC001957 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 304VK UT WOS:000256137000002 ER PT J AU Kitano, J Bolnick, DI Beauchamp, DA Mazur, MM Mori, S Nakano, T Peichel, CL AF Kitano, Jun Bolnick, Daniel I. Beauchamp, David A. Mazur, Michael M. Mori, Seiichi Nakano, Takanori Peichel, Catherine L. TI Reverse evolution of armor plates in the threespine stickleback SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; LAKE WASHINGTON; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; CUTTHROAT TROUT; POPULATION; ADAPTATION; SELECTION; MODEL; MIGRATION; FAILURES AB Faced with sudden environmental changes, animals must either adapt to novel environments or go extinct. Thus, study of the mechanisms underlying rapid adaptation is crucial not only for the understanding of natural evolutionary processes but also for the understanding of human-induced evolutionary change, which is an increasingly important problem [1-8]. In the present study, we demonstrate that the frequency of completely plated threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) has increased in an urban freshwater lake (Lake Washington, Seattle, Washington) within the last 40 years. This is a dramatic example of "reverse evolution," [9] because the general evolutionary trajectory is toward armor-plate reduction in freshwater sticklebacks [10]. On the basis of our genetic studies and simulations, we propose that the most likely cause of reverse evolution is increased selection for the completely plated morph, which we suggest could result from higher levels of trout predation after a sudden increase in water transparency during the early 1970s. Rapid evolution was facilitated by the existence of standing allelic variation in Ectodysplasin (Eda), the gene that underlies the major plate-morph locus [11]. The Lake Washington stickleback thus provides a novel example of reverse evolution, which is probably caused by a change in allele frequency at the major plate locus in response to a changing predation regime. C1 [Kitano, Jun; Peichel, Catherine L.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Human Biol, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Bolnick, Daniel I.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Beauchamp, David A.; Mazur, Michael M.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Mori, Seiichi] Gifu Keizai Univ, Biol Lab, Gifu 5038550, Japan. [Nakano, Takanori] Res Inst Human & Nature, Res Dept, Kamigyo Ku, Kyoto 6020878, Japan. RP Peichel, CL (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Human Biol, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM cpeichel@fhcrc.org RI Bolnick, Daniel/G-4440-2015 OI Bolnick, Daniel/0000-0003-3148-6296 NR 41 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 33 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 18 IS 10 BP 769 EP 774 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.027 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 303NQ UT WOS:000256047600031 PM 18485710 ER PT J AU Sine, CR Wilson, D Gao, W Grand, SP Aster, R Ni, J Baldridge, WS AF Sine, C. R. Wilson, D. Gao, W. Grand, S. P. Aster, R. Ni, J. Baldridge, W. S. TI Mantle structure beneath the western edge of the Colorado Plateau SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FARALLON SLAB; UNITED-STATES; LITHOSPHERE; LATITUDE; VELOCITY; BASIN AB Teleseismic traveltime data are inverted for mantle Vp and Vs variations beneath a 1400 km long line of broadband seismometers extending from eastern New Mexico to western Utah. The model spans 600 km beneath the moho with resolution of similar to 50 km. Inversions show a sharp, large-magnitude velocity contrast across the Colorado Plateau-Great Basin transition extending similar to 200 km below the crust. Also imaged is a fast anomaly 300 to 600 km beneath the NW portion of the array. Very slow velocities beneath the Great Basin imply partial melting and/or anomalously wet mantle. We propose that the sharp contrast in mantle velocities across the western edge of the Plateau corresponds to differential lithospheric modification, during and following Farallon subduction, across a boundary defining the western extent of unmodified Proterozoic mantle lithosphere. The deep fast anomaly corresponds to thickened Farallon plate or detached continental lithosphere at transition zone depths. C1 [Aster, R.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Sine, C. R.] Occidental Petr Corp Elk Hills, Tupman, CA 93276 USA. [Wilson, D.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. [Gao, W.] TGS NOPEC Geophys Co, Houston, TX 77042 USA. [Grand, S. P.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Baldridge, W. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ni, J.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Sine, CR (reprint author), Occidental Petr Corp Elk Hills, POB 1001, Tupman, CA 93276 USA. EM christopher_sine@oxy.com; dwilson@usgs.gov; wxg@paralleldata.com; steveg@maestro.geo.utexas.edu; aster@ees.nmt.edu; jni@nmsu.edu; sbaldridge@lanl.gov RI Grand, Stephen/B-4238-2011; Aster, Richard/E-5067-2013 OI Aster, Richard/0000-0002-0821-4906 NR 27 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 10 AR L10303 DI 10.1029/2008GL033391 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 304VN UT WOS:000256137300002 ER PT J AU Rotzoll, K El-Kadi, AI AF Rotzoll, Kolja El-Kadi, Aly I. TI Estimating hydraulic properties of coastal aquifers using wave setup SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE wave setup; aquifer parameter estimation; groundwater hydraulics; wave propagation; coastal groundwater ID BEACH WATER-TABLE; CORAL-REEFS; RUN-UP; UNCONFINED AQUIFER; GROUNDWATER-TABLE; NATURAL BEACH; PROPAGATION; SWASH; FLOW; OAHU AB Wave setup is the elevated mean water-table at the coast associated with the momentum transfer of wave breaking, which occurs generally over several days. Groundwater responses to wave setup were observed as far as 5 km inland in central Maui, Hawaii. The analysis showed that at times of energetic swell events wave-driven water-table overheights dominate low-frequency groundwater fluctuations associated with barometric pressure effects. Matching peak frequencies at 1.7 x 10(-6) Hz and 3.7 x 10(-6) Hz were identified in setup and observed head using spectral decomposition. Similar to tides the setup propagation through the aquifer shows exponentially decreasing amplitudes and linearly increasing time tags. Due to the longer periods of setup oscillations, the signal propagates deeper into the aquifer (similar to 10 km in central Maui) than diurnal tides (5 km) and can therefore provide information on greater length scales. Hydraulic diffusivity was estimated based on the setup propagation. An effective diffusivity of 2.3 x 10(7) m(2)/d is consistent with aquifer parameters based on aquifer tests and tides. A one-dimensional numerical model supports the results of the analytical solution and strengthens the suitability to estimate hydraulic parameters from setup propagation. The methodology is expected to be beneficial to high-permeability coastal environments, such as on volcanic islands and atolls. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Water Resources Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Rotzoll, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Water Sci Ctr, 677 Ala Moana Blvd 415, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM kolja@usgs.gov; elkadi@hawaii.edu NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 353 IS 1-2 BP 201 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.02.005 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 300EA UT WOS:000255805900014 ER PT J AU Carlino, S Somma, R Mayberry, GC AF Carlino, S. Somma, R. Mayberry, G. C. TI Volcanic risk perception of young people in the urban areas of Vesuvius: Comparisons with other volcanic areas and implications for emergency management SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE risk perception; disasters; evacuation plan; Vesuvius; volcanic hazard ID ERUPTION; SCENARIO; HAZARD; AD-79 AB More than 600000 people are exposed to volcanic risk in the urban areas near the volcano, Vesuvius, and may need to be evacuated if there is renewed volcanic activity. The success of a future evacuation will strongly depend on the level of risk perception and preparedness of the at-risk communities during the current period of quiescence. The volcanic risk perception and preparedness of young people is of particular importance because hazard education programs in schools have been shown to increase the clarity of risk perception and students often share their knowledge with their parents. In order to evaluate young people's risk perception and preparedness for a volcanic crisis, a multiple choice questionnaire was distributed to 400 high-school students in three municipalities located close to the volcano. The overall results suggest that despite a 60-year period of quiescence at Vesuvius, the interviewed students have an accurate perception of the level of volcanic risk. On the other hand, the respondents demonstrate a clear lack of understanding of volcanic processes and their related hazards. Also, the interviewed students show high levels of fear, poor perceived ability to protect themselves from the effects of a future eruption, and insufficient knowledge of the National Emergency Plan for Vesuvian Area (NEPVA). The latter result suggests that in comparison with volcanic crises in other regions, during a future eruption of Vesuvius, there may not be enough time to educate the large number of people living near the volcano about how to appropriately respond. The inadequate risk education and preparedness of respondents implies that a strong effort is needed to improve communication strategies in order to facilitate successful evacuations. Therefore, it is important to take advantage of the present period of quiescence at Vesuvius to improve the accuracy of risk perception of youth ill local communities. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Carlino, S.; Somma, R.] INGV, Sez Napoli, I-80125 Naples, Italy. [Mayberry, G. C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Carlino, S (reprint author), INGV, Sez Napoli, Via Diocleziano 328, I-80125 Naples, Italy. EM carlino@ov.ingv.it RI Somma, Renato/G-5976-2014; Carlino, Stefano/C-9538-2015 OI Somma, Renato/0000-0002-2227-6054; Carlino, Stefano/0000-0002-3924-3881 NR 59 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 172 IS 3-4 BP 229 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.010 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 314NG UT WOS:000256815500007 ER PT J AU Gregg, CE Houghton, BF Paton, D Swanson, DA Lachman, R Bonk, WJ AF Gregg, C. E. Houghton, B. F. Paton, D. Swanson, D. A. Lachman, R. Bonk, W. J. TI Hawaiian cultural influences on support for lava flow hazard mitigation measures during the January 1960 eruption of Kilauea volcano, Kapoho, Hawai'i SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lava flows; Kilauea; Mauna Loa; hazard; mitigation; Hawaiian culture ID RISK COMMUNICATION; MAUNA-LOA; CONSEQUENCES; PERCEPTION; BEHAVIOR; BELIEFS; KONA AB In 1960, Kilauea volcano in Hawaii erupted, destroying most of the village of Kapoho and forcing evacuation of its approximately 300 residents. A large and unprecedented social science survey was undertaken during the eruption to develop an understanding of human behavior, beliefs, and coping strategies among the adult evacuees (n= 160). Identical studies were also performed in three control towns located at varying distances from the eruption site (n=478). During these studies data were collected that characterized ethnic grouping and attitudes toward Hawaiian cultural issues such as belief in Pele and two lava flow mitigation measures-use of barriers and bombs to influence the flow of lava, but the data were never published. Using these forgotten data, we examined the relationship between Hawaiian cultural issues and attitudes toward the use of barriers and bombs as mitigation strategies to protect Kapoho. On average, 72% of respondents favored the construction of earthen barriers to hold back or divert lava and protect Kapoho, but far fewer agreed with the military's use of bombs (14%) to protect Kapoho. In contrast, about one-third of respondents conditionally agreed with the use of bombs. It is suggested that local participation in the bombing strategy may explain the increased conditional acceptance of bombs as a mitigation tool, although this can not be conclusively demonstrated. Belief in Pele and being of Hawaiian ethnicity did not reduce support for the use of barriers, but did reduce support for bombs in both bombing scenarios. The disparity in levels of acceptance of barriers versus bombing and of one bombing strategy versus another suggests that historically public attitudes toward lava flow hazard mitigation strategies were complex. A modem comparative study is needed before the next damaging eruption to inform debates and decisions about whether or not to interfere with the flow of lava. Recent changes in the current eruption of Kilauea make this a timely topic. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 [Gregg, C. E.] E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geol, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. [Houghton, B. F.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lachman, R.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Psychol, Launceston, Tas 7250, Australia. [Swanson, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Lachman, R.] Univ Houston, Dept Psychol, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Bonk, W. J.] Waimea, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Gregg, CE (reprint author), E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geol, Box 70652, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. EM gregg@etsu.edu OI Paton, Douglas/0000-0002-8673-2178 NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 172 IS 3-4 BP 300 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.025 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 314NG UT WOS:000256815500012 ER PT J AU Cabrol, NA Herkenhoff, KE Greeley, R Grin, EA Schroder, C d'Uston, C Weitz, C Yingst, RA Cohen, BA Moore, J Knudson, A Franklin, B Anderson, RC Li, R AF Cabrol, Nathalie A. Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. Greeley, Ronald Grin, Edmond A. Schroeder, Christian d'Uston, Claude Weitz, Catherine Yingst, R. Aileen Cohen, Barbara A. Moore, Jeffrey Knudson, Amy Franklin, Brenda Anderson, Robert C. Li, Ron TI Soil sedimentology at Gusev Crater from Columbia Memorial Station to Winter Haven SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID SPIRIT ROVER; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; LANDING SITE; ROCKS; MARS; SPECTROMETER; SHAPE AB A total of 3140 individual particles were examined in 31 soils along Spirit's traverse. Their size, shape, and texture were quantified and classified. They represent a unique record of 3 years of sedimentologic exploration from landing to sol 1085 covering the Plains Unit to Winter Haven where Spirit spent the Martian winter of 2006. Samples in the Plains Unit and Columbia Hills appear as reflecting contrasting textural domains. One is heterogeneous, with a continuum of angular-to-round particles of fine sand to pebble sizes that are generally dust covered and locally cemented in place. The second shows the effect of a dominant and ongoing dynamic aeolian process that redistributes a uniform population of medium-size sand. The texture of particles observed in the samples at Gusev Crater results from volcanic, aeolian, impact, and water-related processes. C1 [Cabrol, Nathalie A.; Grin, Edmond A.; Moore, Jeffrey] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Cabrol, Nathalie A.; Grin, Edmond A.] SETI Inst Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. [Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Greeley, Ronald; Knudson, Amy] Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Schroeder, Christian] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Inorgan & Analyt Chem, Mainz, Germany. [d'Uston, Claude] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements 9, Toulouse, France. [Weitz, Catherine] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Yingst, R. Aileen] Univ Wisconsin, Nat & Appl Sci, Green Bay, WI 54302 USA. [Cohen, Barbara A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Franklin, Brenda; Anderson, Robert C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Anderson, Robert C.; Li, Ron] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Mapping, CEEGS, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 264-422,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009 OI Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039 NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAY 17 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E6 AR E06S05 DI 10.1029/2007JE002953 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 303TA UT WOS:000256062600001 ER PT J AU Langbein, J AF Langbein, John TI Noise in GPS displacement measurements from Southern California and Southern Nevada SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GEODETIC TIME-SERIES; SURFACE MONUMENTS; DEFORMATION; MOTION; VELOCITIES; EARTHQUAKE AB Time series of position changes estimated from data from 236 continuously recording GPS receivers operating in Southern California and Southern Nevada are evaluated for noise models that characterize their temporal correlations. The lengths of the time series range between 3.5 and 10 years. After adjusting these data for postseismic deformation, offsets, and annual periodicities, I find that about one-half of the time series have temporal correlations that are categorized as either flicker or random-walk noise. The remaining time series can be best categorized as either a combination of flicker and random-walk; power law noise; first-order Gauss-Markov plus random-walk noise; or power law plus broadband, seasonal noise. A variety of geodetic monuments are used in Southern California and Nevada, including deeply braced designs, cement piers, pins drilled in outcrop, and buildings. When I evaluate the noise for each time series in terms of an estimate of the standard error in velocity, I find that the sites with the smallest errors are those located in Nevada using deeply braced monuments. Sites that are installed within regions of active pumping, both for groundwater and oil, had the largest standard errors in velocity. Comparison of monument stability, as measured by standard error in rate, with average, annual rainfall nearby indicates a marginally significant correlation. In addition, even though regional filtering removed much of the common-mode signals in these time series, there still remains a common-mode seasonal signal which can and should be removed. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Langbein, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 31 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 16 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B5 AR B05405 DI 10.1029/2007JB005247 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 303TD UT WOS:000256062900001 ER PT J AU Warrick, JA Xu, JP Noble, MA Lee, HJ AF Warrick, Jonathan A. Xu, Jingping Noble, Marlene A. Lee, Homa J. TI Rapid formation of hyperpycnal sediment gravity currents offshore of a semiarid California river SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hyperpycnal plume; sediment; river mouth; Santa Clara River ID OPTICAL BACKSCATTERANCE SENSOR; AMAZON CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; EEL RIVER; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; ORGANIC-MATTER; COASTAL OCEAN; INNER SHELF; TRANSPORT; PLUME AB Observations of sediment dispersal from the Santa Clara River of southern California during two moderately sized river discharge events suggest that river sediment rapidly formed a negatively buoyant (hyperpycnal) bottom plume along the seabed within hours of peak discharge. An array of acoustic and optical sensors were placed at three stations 1 km from the Santa Clara River mouth in 10-m water depth during January-February 2004. These combined observations suggest that fluid mud concentrations of suspended sediment (> 10 g/l) and across-shore gravity currents (similar to 5 cm/s) were observed in the lower 20-40 cm of the water column 4-6 h after discharge events. Gravity currents were wave dominated, rather than auto-suspending, and appeared to consist of silt-to-clay sized sediment from the river. Sediment mass balances suggest that 25-50% of the discharged river sediment was transported by these hyperpycnal currents. Sediment settling purely by flocs (similar to 1 mm/s) cannot explain the formation of the observed hyperpycnal plumes, therefore we suggest that some enhanced sediment settling from mixing, convective instabilities, or diverging plumes occurred that would explain the formation of the gravity currents. These combined results provide field evidence that high suspended-sediment concentrations from rivers (> 1 g/l) may rapidly form hyperpycnal sediment gravity currents immediately offshore of river mouths, and these pathways can explain a significant portion of the river-margin sediment budget. The fate of this sediment will be strongly influenced by bathymetry, whereas the fate of the remaining sediment will be much more influenced by ocean currents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Warrick, Jonathan A.; Xu, Jingping; Noble, Marlene A.; Lee, Homa J.] US Geol Survey, Coastal Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Warrick, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal Marine Geol Program, 400 Nat Bridges Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jwarrick@usgs.gov NR 62 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 8 BP 991 EP 1009 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2007.11.002 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 300EI UT WOS:000255806700001 ER PT J AU Gates, JB Bohlke, JK Edmunds, WM AF Gates, John B. Bohlke, John Karl Edmunds, W. Mike TI Ecohydrological factors affecting nitrate concentrations in a phreatic desert aquifer in northwestern China SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; GLOBAL PATTERNS; FRESH-WATER; HIGH-PLAINS; NITROGEN; DENITRIFICATION; GROUNDWATER; ORIGIN; OXYGEN; N-15 AB Aerobic conditions in desert aquifers commonly allow high nitrate (NO(3)(-)) concentrations in recharge to persist for long periods of time, an important consideration for N-cycling and water quality. In this study, stable isotopes of NO(3)(-) (delta(15)N(NO3) and delta(18)O(NO3)) were used to trace NO(3)(-) cycling processes which affect concentrations in groundwater and unsaturated zone moisture in the and Badain Jaran Desert in northwestern China. Most groundwater NO(3)(-) appears to be depleted relative to Cl(-) in rainfall concentrated by evapotranspiration, indicating net N losses. Unsaturated zone NO(3)(-) is generally higher than groundwater NO(3)(-) in terms of both concentration (up to 15 476 mu M, corresponding to 3.6 mg NO(3)(-)-N per kg sediment) and ratios with Cl-. Isotopic data indicate that the NO(3)(-) derives primarily from nitrification, with a minor direct contribution of atmospheric NO(3)(-) inferred for some samples, particularly in the unsaturated zone. Localized denitrification in the saturated zone is suggested by isotopic and geochemical indicators in some areas. Anthropogenic inputs appear to be minimal, and variability is attributed to environmental factors. In comparison to other and regions, the sparseness of vegetation in the study area appears to play an important role in moderating unsaturated zone NO(3)(-) accumulation by allowing solute flushing and deterring extensive N(2) fixation. C1 [Gates, John B.; Edmunds, W. Mike] Univ Oxford, Ctr Water Res, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Bohlke, John Karl] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Gates, JB (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Ctr Water Res, S Parks Rd,Dyson Perrins Bldg, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. EM john.gates@stcatz.oxon.org NR 56 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3531 EP 3537 DI 10.1021/es702478d PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KG UT WOS:000255822100016 PM 18546685 ER PT J AU Wang, M Ford, RM Harvey, RW AF Wang, Meng Ford, Roseanne M. Harvey, Ronald W. TI Coupled effect of chemotaxis and growth on microbial distributions in organic-amended aquifer sediments: Observations from laboratory and field studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL RANDOM MOTILITY; POROUS-MEDIA; ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; BACTERIOPHAGE PRD1; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; TRANSPORT; BIOREMEDIATION; SAND; NAPHTHALENE AB The inter-relationship of growth and chemotactic response exhibited by two common soil-inhabiting bacteria was investigated to determine its impact on bacterial migration. Filter-chambers were used to simulate aquifer sediments characterized by vertical gradients of organic contaminants in both artificial groundwater flow systems in the laboratory and within the screened intervals of observation wells in a sandy aquifer. A labile model contaminant (acetate) was added to the top compartments of the three-part chambers, whereas bacteria with a demonstrated propensity to grow on and chemotactically respond to acetate were introduced to the lower compartments. The motility and chemotactic response of Pseudomonas putida F1 resulted in 40 to 110% greater abundances in the upper compartments and concomitant 22 to 70% depletions in the lower compartments relative to the nonchemotactic controls over 2 days. Bacteria were in greatest abundance within the sand plug that separated the upper and lower compartments where sharp acetate gradients induced a strong chemotactic response. This observation was consistent with predictions from a mathematical model. In agreement with the laboratory results, the down-well filter-chamber incubations with Pseudomonas stutzeri in the aquifer indicated that 91% fewer bacteria resided in the lower compartment than the control experiment without acetate at 15 h. The combination of chemotaxis and growth greatly accelerated the migration of bacteria toward and subsequent abundance at the higher acetate concentration. C1 [Wang, Meng; Ford, Roseanne M.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Harvey, Ronald W.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Ford, RM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM rmf3f@virginia.edu RI Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 NR 48 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3556 EP 3562 DI 10.1021/es702392h PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KG UT WOS:000255822100020 PM 18546689 ER PT J AU Schroth, AW Bostick, BC Kaste, JM Friedland, AJ AF Schroth, Andrew W. Bostick, Benjamin C. Kaste, James M. Friedland, Andrew J. TI Lead sequestration and species redistribution during soil organic matter decomposition SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOREST FLOOR; ATMOSPHERIC INPUTS; CONTAMINATED SOILS; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; NORTHEASTERN USA; PB(II) SORPTION; MINE TAILINGS; SPECIATION; VERMONT; OXIDES AB The turnover of soil organic matter (SOM) maintains a dynamic chemical environment in the forest floor that can impact metal speciation on relatively short timescales. Here we measure the speciation of Pb in controlled and natural organic (O) soil horizons to quantify changes in metal partitioning during SOM decomposition in different forest litters. We provide a link between the sequestration of pollutant Pb in O-horizons, estimated by forest floor Pb inventories, and speciation using synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. When Pb was introduced to fresh forest O-i samples, it adsorbed primarily to SOM surfaces, but as decomposition progressed over two years in controlled experiments, up to 60% of the Pb was redistributed to pedogenic birnessite and ferrihydrite surfaces. In addition, a significant fraction of pollutant Pb in natural soil profiles was associated with similar mineral phases (similar to 20-35%) and SOM (similar to 65-80%). Conifer forests; have at least 2-fold higher Pb burdens in the forest floor relative to deciduous forests due to more efficient atmospheric scavenging and slower organic matter turnover. We demonstrate that pedogenic minerals play an important role in surface soil Pb sequestration, particularly in deciduous forests, and should be considered in any assessment of pollutant Pb mobility. C1 [Bostick, Benjamin C.; Kaste, James M.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Kaste, James M.; Friedland, Andrew J.] Dartmouth Coll, Environm Studies Program, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Schroth, Andrew W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Schroth, AW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM aschroth@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3627 EP 3633 DI 10.1021/es703002b PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KG UT WOS:000255822100031 PM 18546700 ER PT J AU Antweiler, RC Taylor, HE AF Antweiler, Ronald C. Taylor, Howard E. TI Evaluation of statistical treatments of left-censored environmental data using coincident uncensored data sets: I. Summary statistics SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DETECTION LIMIT OBSERVATIONS; WATER-QUALITY DATA; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; ICP-OES; SAMPLES; NONDETECTS; ELEMENTS; VALUES; LESS AB The main classes of statistical treatment of below-detection limit (left-censored) environmental data for the determination of basic statistics that have been used in the literature are substitution methods, maximum likelihood, regression on order statistics (ROS), and nonparametric techniques. These treatments, along with using all instrument-generated data (even those below detection), were evaluated by examining data sets in which the true values of the censored data were known. It was found that for data sets with less than 70% censored data, the best technique overall for determination of summary statistics was the nonparametric Kaplan-Meier technique. ROS and the two substitution methods of assigning one half the detection limit value to censored data or assigning a random number between zero and the detection limit to censored data were adequate alternatives. The use of these two substitution methods, however, requires a thorough understanding of how the laboratory censored the data. The technique of employing all instrument-gene rated data-including numbers below the detection limit-was found to be less adequate than the above techniques. At high degrees of censoring (greater than 70% censored data), no technique provided good estimates of summary statistics. Maximum likelihood techniques were found to be far inferior to all other treatments except substituting zero or the detection limit value to censored data. C1 [Antweiler, Ronald C.; Taylor, Howard E.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Antweiler, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM antweil@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3732 EP 3738 DI 10.1021/es071301c PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KG UT WOS:000255822100046 PM 18546715 ER PT J AU Raumann, CG Cablk, ME AF Raumann, Christian G. Cablk, Mary E. TI Change in the forested and developed landscape of the Lake Tahoe basin, California and Nevada, USA, 1940-2002 SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE land-use and land-cover change; forest dynamics; fire suppression; Lake Tahoe basin; California ID LAND-USE; FIRE; COVER; TRANSPARENCY; ECOSYSTEM AB The current ecological state of the Lake Tahoe basin has been shaped by significant landscape-altering human activity and management practices since the mid-1850s; first through widespread timber harvesting from the 1850s to 1920s followed by urban development from the 1950s to the present. Consequences of landscape change, both from development and forest management practices including fire suppression, have prompted rising levels of concern for the ecological integrity of the region. The impacts from these activities include decreased water quality, degraded biotic communities, and increased fire hazard. To establish an understanding of the Lake Tahoe basin's landscape change in the context of forest management and development we mapped, quantified, and described the spatial and temporal distribution and variability of historical changes in land use and land cover in the southern Lake Tahoe basin (279 km(2)) from 1940 to 2002. Our assessment relied on post-classification change detection of multi-temporal land-use/cover and impervious-surface-area data that were derived through manual interpretation, image processing, and GIs data integration for four dates of imagery: 1940, 1969, 1987, and 2002. The most significant land conversion during the 62-year study period was an increase in developed lands with a corresponding decrease in forests, wetlands, and shrublands. Forest stand densities increased throughout the 62-year study period, and modem thinning efforts resulted in localized stand density decreases in the latter part of the study period. Additionally forests were gained from succession, and towards the end of the study period extensive tree mortality occurred. The highest rates of change occurred between 1940 and 1969, corresponding with dramatic development, then rates declined through 2002 for all observed landscape changes except forest density decrease and tree mortality. Causes of landscape change included regional population growth, tourism demands, timber harvest for local use, fire suppression, bark beetle attack, and fuels reduction activities. Results from this study offer land managers within the Lake Tahoe basin and in similar regions a basis for making better informed land-use and management decisions to potentially minimize detrimental ecological impacts of landscape change. The perspective to be gained is based on quantitative retrospection of the effects of human-driven changes and the impacts of management action or inaction to the forested landscape. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Raumann, Christian G.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cablk, Mary E.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Raumann, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd MS-531, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM christian_raumann@urscorp.com NR 46 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 8-9 BP 3424 EP 3439 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.028 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 307AC UT WOS:000256288800035 ER PT J AU McCormick, SD Regish, A O'Dea, MF Shrimpton, JM AF McCormick, Stephen D. Regish, Amy O'Dea, Michael F. Shrimpton, J. Mark TI Are we missing a mineralocorticoid in teleost fish? Effects of cortisol, deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone on osmoregulation, gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity and isoform mRNA levels in Atlantic salmon SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cortisol; osmoregulation; gill Na,K-ATPase; deoxycorticosterone; aldosterone; salinity tolerance; ion regulation ID MULTIPLE CORTICOSTEROID RECEPTORS; RAINBOW-TROUT; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; CELL-PROLIFERATION; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GENE-EXPRESSION; BINDING DOMAIN; K+-ATPASE; STRESS AB It has long been held that cortisol, acting through a single receptor, carries out both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid actions in teleost fish. The recent finding that fish express a gene with high sequence similarity to the mammalian mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) suggests the possibility that a hormone other than cortisol carries out some mineralocorticoid functions in fish. To test for this possibility, we examined the effect of in vivo cortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and aldosterone on salinity tolerance, gill Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA) activity and mRNA levels of NKA alpha 1a and alpha 1b in Atlantic salmon. Cortisol treatment for 6-14 days resulted in increased, physiological levels of cortisol, increased gill NKA activity and improved salinity tolerance (lower plasma chloride after a 24 h seawater challenge), whereas DOC and aldosterone had no effect on either NKA activity or salinity tolerance. NKA alpha 1a and alpha 1b mRNA levels, which increase in response to fresh water and seawater acclimation, respectively, were both upregulated by cortisol, whereas DOC and aldosterone were without effect. Cortisol, DOC and aldosterone had no effect on gill glucocorticoid receptor GR1, GR2 and MR mRNA levels, although there was some indication of possible upregulation of GR1 by cortisol (p = 0.07). The putative GR blocker RU486 inhibited cortisol-induced increases in salinity tolerance, NKA activity and NKA alpha 1a and alpha 1b transcription, whereas the putative MR blocker spironolactone had no effect. The results provide support that cortisol, and not DOC or aldosterone, is involved in regulating the mineralocorticoid functions of ion uptake and salt secretion in teleost fish. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [McCormick, Stephen D.; Regish, Amy; O'Dea, Michael F.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Shrimpton, J. Mark] Univ No British Columbia, Ecosyst Sci & Management Biol Program, Prince George, BC V2L 5P2, Canada. RP McCormick, SD (reprint author), USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, 1 Migrator Way,POB 796, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM mccormick@umext.umass.edu NR 34 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 157 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.03,024 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 306MY UT WOS:000256253700006 PM 18462736 ER PT J AU Magilligan, FJ Nislow, KH Fisher, GB Wright, J Mackey, G Laser, M AF Magilligan, F. J. Nislow, K. H. Fisher, G. B. Wright, J. Mackey, G. Laser, M. TI The geomorphic function and characteristics of large woody debris in low gradient rivers, coastal Maine, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE large woody debris; stream channel; riparian; watershed; habitat; aquatic ecology ID POOL FORMATION; SETTLEMENT FOREST; FLUME EXPERIMENT; FLOW RESISTANCE; WESTERN OREGON; STREAMS; WASHINGTON; TRANSPORT; FRANCE; RECRUITMENT AB The role, function, and importance of large woody debris (LWD) in rivers depend strongly on environmental context and land use history. The coastal watersheds of central and northern Maine, northeastern U.S., are characterized by low gradients, moderate topography, and minimal influence of mass wasting processes, along with a history of intensive commercial timber harvest. In spite of the ecological importance of these rivers, which contain the last wild populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the U.S., we know little about LWD distribution, dynamics, and function in these systems. We conducted a cross-basin analysis in seven coastal Maine watersheds, documenting the size, frequency, volume, position, and orientation of LWD, as well as the association between LWD, pool formation, and sediment storage. In conjunction with these L)VD surveys, we conducted extensive riparian vegetation surveys. We observed very low LWD frequencies and volumes across the 60 kin of rivers surveyed. Frequency of LWD >= 20 cm diameter ranged from 15-50 pieces km(-1) and wood volumes were commonly < 10-20 m(3) km(-1). Moreover, most of this wood was located in the immediate low-flow channel zone, was oriented parallel to flow, and failed to span the stream channel. As a result, pool fort-nation associated with LWD is generally lacking and <20%, of the wood was associated with sediment storage. Low LWD volumes are consistent with the relatively young riparian stands we observed, with the large majority of trees <20 cm DBH. These results strongly reflect the legacy of intensive timber harvest and land clearing and suggest that the frequency and distribution of LWD may be considerably less than presettlement and/or futur, desired conditions. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved. C1 [Magilligan, F. J.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Geog, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Nislow, K. H.] Univ Massachusetts, No Res Stn, US Forest Serv, USDA, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Fisher, G. B.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Wright, J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gulf Maine Coastal Program, Falmouth, ME 04105 USA. [Mackey, G.] Bur Sea Run Fisheries & Habitat, Dept Marine Resources, Jonesboro, ME 04648 USA. [Laser, M.] Bur Sea Run Fisheries & Habitat, Dept Marine Resources, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. RP Magilligan, FJ (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Geog, 6017 Fairchild, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM magilligan@dartmouth.edu OI Fisher, G. Burch/0000-0002-9133-3059 NR 54 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 97 IS 3-4 BP 467 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.08.016 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 313CU UT WOS:000256719500015 ER PT J AU Collins, BD Sitar, N AF Collins, Brian D. Sitar, Nicholas TI Processes of coastal bluff erosion in weakly lithified sands, Pacifica, California, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coastal bluff; sea cliff; cemented sand; weakly lithified sandstone; failure mechanism; wave climate; landslide; erosion ID MULTIPLE SEEPAGE FACES; CLIFF EROSION; LAYERED SLOPES; STEEP SLOPES; SEA CLIFFS; WAVE RUNUP; SHORT-TERM; STABILITY; MECHANICS; FAILURE AB Coastal bluff erosion and landsliding are currently the major geomorphic processes sculpting much of the marine terrace dominated coastline of northern California. In this study, we identify the spatial and temporal processes responsible for erosion and landsliding in an area of weakly lithified sand coastal bluffs located south of San Francisco, California. Using the results of a five year observational study consisting of site visits, terrestrial lidar scanning, and development of empirical failure indices, we identify the lithologic and process controls that determine the failure mechanism and mode for coastal bluff retreat in this region and present concise descriptions of each process. Bluffs composed of weakly cemented sands (unconfined compressive strength - UCS between 5 and 30 kPa) fail principally due to oversteepening by wave action with maximum slope inclinations on the order of 65 at incipient failure. Periods of significant wave action were identified on the basis of an empirical wave run-up equation, predicting failure when wave run-up exceeds the seasonal average value and the bluff toe elevation. The empirical relationship was verified through recorded observations of failures. Bluffs composed of moderately cemented sands (UCS up to 400 kPa) fail due to precipitation-induced groundwater seepage, which leads to tensile strength reduction and fracture. An empirical rainfall threshold was also developed to predict failure on the basis of a 48-hour cumulative precipitation index but was found to be dependent on a time delay in groundwater seepage in some cases. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Collins, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Western Coastal & Marine Geol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sitar, Nicholas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Collins, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Coastal & Marine Geol, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bcollins@usgs.gov; sitar@ce.berkeley.edu OI Sitar, Nicholas/0000-0001-7253-5985 NR 57 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 5 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 97 IS 3-4 BP 483 EP 501 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.09.004 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 313CU UT WOS:000256719500016 ER PT J AU Horowitz, AJ Elrick, KA Smith, JJ AF Horowitz, Arthur J. Elrick, Kent A. Smith, James J. TI Monitoring urban impacts on suspended sediment, trace element, and nutrient fluxes within the City of Atlanta, Georgia, USA: program design, methodological considerations, and initial results SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE urban hydrology; annual fluxes; suspended sediments; trace elements; nutrients; water quality ID WEST YORKSHIRE; WATER-QUALITY; STORM-RUNOFF; RIVER FLOW; CATCHMENT; TRANSPORT; BRADFORD; UK; GEOCHEMISTRY; BASINS AB Atlanta, Georgia (City of Atlanta, COA), is one of the most rapidly growing urban areas in the US. Beginning in 2003, the US Geological Survey established a long-term water-quantity/quality monitoring network for the COA. The results obtained during the first 2 years have provided insights into the requirements needed to determine the extent of urban impacts on water quality, especially in terms of estimating the annual fluxes of suspended sediment, trace/major elements, and nutrients. During 2004/2005, suspended sediment fluxes from the City of Atlanta (COA) amounted to about 150000 t year(-1); >= 94% of the transport occurred in conjunction with storm-flow, which also accounted for >= 65% of the annual discharge. Typically, storm-flow averaged <= 20% of the year. Normally, annual suspended sediment fluxes are determined by summing daily loads based on a single calculation step using mean-daily discharge and a single rating curve-derived suspended sediment concentration. Due to the small and 'flashy' nature of the COAs streams, this approach could produce underestimates ranging from 25% to 64%. Accurate estimates (+/- 15%) require calculation time-steps as short as every 2-3 h. Based on annual median base-flow/storm-flow chemical concentrations, the annual fluxes of >= 75% of trace elements (e.g. Cu, Ph, Zn), major elements (e.g. Fe, Al), and total P occur in association with suspended sediment; in turn, 90% of the transport of these constituents occur in conjunction with storm-flow. As such, base-flow sediment-associated and dissolved contributions represent relatively insignificant portions of the total annual load. An exception is total N, whose sediment-associated fluxes range from 50% to 60%; even so, storm-related transport typically exceeds 80%. Hence, in urban environments, no n-point-sources appear to be the dominant contributors to the fluxes of these constituents. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Horowitz, Arthur J.; Elrick, Kent A.; Smith, James J.] US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Horowitz, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, 3039 Amwiler Rd, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. EM horowitz@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1473 EP 1496 DI 10.1002/hyp.6699 PG 24 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 306LO UT WOS:000256250000006 ER PT J AU Bouchaou, L Michelot, JL Vengosh, A Hsissou, Y Qurtobi, M Gaye, CB Bullen, TD Zuppi, GM AF Bouchaou, L. Michelot, J. L. Vengosh, A. Hsissou, Y. Qurtobi, M. Gaye, C. B. Bullen, T. D. Zuppi, G. M. TI Application of multiple isotopic and geochemical tracers for investigation of recharge, salinization, and residence time of water in the Souss-Massa aquifer, southwest of Morocco SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE isotopes; chemistry; tracers; water resources; salinity; morocco ID BORON ISOTOPE; SEMIARID CLIMATE; COASTAL-AQUIFER; STABLE-ISOTOPES; PLAIN MOROCCO; SEA-WATER; GROUNDWATER; ORIGIN; STRONTIUM; EVOLUTION AB Groundwater and surface water in Souss-Massa basin in the west-southern part of Morocco is characterized by a large variation in salinity, up to levels of 37 g L-1. The high salinity coupled with groundwater level decline pose serious problems for current irrigation and domestic water supplies as well as future exploitation. A combined hydrogeologic and isotopic investigation using several chemical and isotopic tracers such as Br/Cl, delta O-18, delta H-2, H-3, Sr-87/Sr-86, delta B-11, and C-14 was carried out in order to determine the sources of water recharge to the aquifer, the origin of salinity, and the residence time of water. Stable isotope, H-3 and C-14 data indicate that the high Atlas mountains in the northern margin of the Souss-Massa basin with high rainfall and low delta O-18 and delta H-2 values (-6 to -8 parts per thousand and -36 to -50 parts per thousand) is currently constitute the major source of recharge to the Souss-Massa shallow aquifer, particularly along the eastern part of the basin. Localized stable isotope enrichments offset meteoric isotopic signature and are associated with high nitrate concentrations, which infer water recycling via water agricultural return flows. The H-3 and C-14 data suggest that the residence time of water in the western part of the basin is in the order of several thousands of years; hence old water is mined, particularly in the coastal areas. The multiple isotope analyses and chemical tracing of groundwater from the basin reveal that seawater intrusion is just one of multiple salinity sources that affect the quality of groundwater in the Souss-Massa aquifer. We differentiate between modern seawater intrusion, salinization by remnants of seawater entrapped in the middle Souss plains, recharge of nitrate-rich agricultural return flow, and dissolution of evaporate rocks (gypsum and halite minerals) along the outcrops of the high Atlas mountains. The data generated in this study provide the framework for a comprehensive management plan in which water exploitation should shift toward the eastern part of the basin where current recharge occurs with young and high quality groundwater. In contrast, we argued that the heavily exploited aquifer along the coastal areas is more vulnerable given the relatively longer residence time of the water and salinization processes in this part of the aquifer. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bouchaou, L.; Hsissou, Y.] Univ Ibn Zohr, Fac Sci, Lab Geol Appl & Geoenvironm, Agadir 80000, Morocco. [Michelot, J. L.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR IDES, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Vengosh, A.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Qurtobi, M.] CNESTEN, Rabat, Morocco. [Gaye, C. B.] Univ Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar, Dakar, Senegal. [Bullen, T. D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zuppi, G. M.] Univ Cafoscari Venezia Dorsoduro, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali, Venice, Italy. [Gaye, C. B.] IAEA, Sect Isotope Hydrol, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RP Bouchaou, L (reprint author), Univ Ibn Zohr, Fac Sci, Lab Geol Appl & Geoenvironm, BP 8106, Agadir 80000, Morocco. EM lbouchaou@yahoo.fr; jean-luc.michelot@u-psud.fr; vengosh@duke.edu; yhsissou@yahoo.fr; qurtobi@yahoo.fr; cheikh.gaye@gmail.com; tdbullen@usgs.gov; zuppi@tin.it NR 79 TC 75 Z9 86 U1 4 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 352 IS 3-4 BP 267 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.022 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 292VG UT WOS:000255293600003 ER PT J AU Biancamaria, S Mognard, NM Boone, A Grippa, M Josberger, EG AF Biancamaria, Sylvain Mognard, Nelly M. Boone, Aaron Grippa, Manuela Josberger, Edward G. TI A satellite snow depth multi-year average derived from SSM/I for the high latitude regions SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SSM/I; GSWP2; snow depth; high latitude regions; tundra; taiga; lakes ID PASSIVE-MICROWAVE DATA; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; WATER EQUIVALENT; WESTERN CANADA; LAND-SURFACE; COVER; PARAMETERS; ALGORITHM; CLIMATOLOGY; SIMULATIONS AB The hydrological cycle for high latitude regions is inherently linked with the seasonal snowpack. Thus, accurately monitoring the snow depth and the associated aerial coverage are critical issues for monitoring the global climate system. Passive microwave satellite measurements provide an optimal means to monitor the snowpack over the arctic region. While the temporal evolution of snow extent can be observed globally from microwave radiometers, the determination of the corresponding snow depth is more difficult. A dynamic algorithm that accounts for the dependence of the microwave scattering on the snow grain size has been developed to estimate snow depth from Special Sensor Microwave/ Imager (SSM/I) brightness temperatures and was validated over the U.S. Great Plains and Western Siberia. The purpose of this study is to assess the dynamic algorithm performance over the entire high latitude (land) region by computing a snow depth multi-year field for the time period 1987-1995. This multi-year average is compared to the Global Soil Wetness Project-Phase2 (GSWP2) snow depth computed from several state-of-the-art land surface schemes and averaged over the same time period. The multi-year average obtained by the dynamic algorithm is in good agreement with the GSWP2 snow depth field (the correlation coefficient for January is 0.55). The static algorithm, which assumes a constant snow grain size in space and time does not correlate with the GSWP2 snow depth field (the correlation coefficient with GSWP2 data for January is -0.03), but exhibits a very high anti-correlation with the NCEP average January air temperature field (correlation coefficient -0.77), the deepest satellite snow pack being located in the coldest regions, where the snow grain size may be significantly larger than the average value used in the static algorithm. The dynamic algorithm performs better over Eurasia (with a correlation coefficient with GSWP2 snow depth equal to 0.65) than over North America (where the correlation coefficient decreases to 0.29). (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Biancamaria, Sylvain; Mognard, Nelly M.] CNES CNRS IRD UPS, LEGOS, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Boone, Aaron] CNRS, GAME CNRM, Meteo France, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Grippa, Manuela] CNES CNRS IRD UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiales BIOsphere, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Josberger, Edward G.] USGS, Tacoma, WA 98042 USA. RP Biancamaria, S (reprint author), CNES CNRS IRD UPS, LEGOS, 14 Av E Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM sylvain.biancamaria@legos.obs-mip.fr NR 40 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 5 BP 2557 EP 2568 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.12.002 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 293YG UT WOS:000255370700048 ER PT J AU Hawbaker, TJ Radeloff, VC Syphard, AD Zhu, ZL Stewart, SI AF Hawbaker, Todd J. Radeloff, Volker C. Syphard, Alexandra D. Zhu, Zhiliang Stewart, Susan I. TI Detection rates of the MODIS active fire product in the United States SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MODIS active fire detection; MOD14; MYD14; clouds; United States ID NORTHERN EURASIA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; FOREST-FIRES; DIURNAL FIRE; AVHRR; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM; VEGETATION; IDENTIFICATION; RESOLUTION AB MODIS active fire data offer new information about global fire patterns. However, uncertainties in detection rates can render satellite-derived fire statistics difficult to interpret. We evaluated the MODIS I km daily active fire product to quantify detection rates for both Terra and Aqua MODIS sensors, examined how cloud cover and fire size affected detection rates, and estimated how detection rates varied across the United States. MODIS active fire detections were compared to 361 reference fires (>= 18 ha) that had been delineated using pre- and post-fire Landsat imagery. Reference fires were considered detected. if at least one MODIS active fire pixel occurred within I km of the edge of the fire. When active fire data from both Aqua and Terra were combined, 82% of all reference fires were found, but detection rates were less for Aqua and Terra individually (73% and 66% respectively). Fires not detected generally had more cloudy days, but not when the Aqua data were considered exclusively. MODIS detection rates decreased with fire size, and the size at which 50% of all fires were detected was 105 ha when combining Aqua and Terra (195 ha for Aqua and 334 ha for Terra alone). Across the United States, detection rates were greatest in the West, lower in the Great Plains, and lowest in the East. The MODIS active fire product captures large fires in the U.S. well, but may under-represent fires in areas with frequent cloud cover or rapidly burning, small, and low-intensity fires. We recommend that users of the MODIS active fire data perform individual validations to ensure that all relevant fires are included. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hawbaker, Todd J.; Radeloff, Volker C.; Syphard, Alexandra D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, EROS Space Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Stewart, Susan I.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL USA. RP Hawbaker, TJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM tjhawbaker@gmail.com RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X NR 55 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 5 BP 2656 EP 2664 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.12.008 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 293YG UT WOS:000255370700056 ER PT J AU Hayes, A Aharonson, O Callahan, P Elachi, C Gim, Y Kirk, R Lewis, K Lopes, R Lorenz, R Lunine, J Mitchell, K Mitri, G Stofan, E Wall, S AF Hayes, A. Aharonson, O. Callahan, P. Elachi, C. Gim, Y. Kirk, R. Lewis, K. Lopes, R. Lorenz, R. Lunine, J. Mitchell, K. Mitri, G. Stofan, E. Wall, S. TI Hydrocarbon lakes on Titan: Distribution and interaction with a porous regolith SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AB Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images of Titan's north polar region reveal quasi-circular to complex features which are interpreted to be liquid hydrocarbon lakes. We investigate methane transport in Titan's hydrologic cycle using the global distribution of lake features. As of May 2007, the SAR data set covers similar to 22% of the surface and indicates multiple lake morphologies which are correlated across the polar region. Lakes are limited to latitudes above 55 degrees N and vary from < 10 to more than 100,000 km(2). The size and location of lakes provide constraints on parameters associated with subsurface transport. Using porous media properties inferred from Huygens probe observations, timescales for flow into and out of observed lakes are shown to be in the tens of years, similar to seasonal cycles. Derived timescales are compared to the time between collocated SAR observations in order to consider the role of subsurface transport in Titan's hydrologic cycle. C1 [Hayes, A.; Aharonson, O.; Lewis, K.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Callahan, P.; Elachi, C.; Gim, Y.; Lopes, R.; Mitchell, K.; Mitri, G.; Wall, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lorenz, R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Kirk, R.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lunine, J.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Stofan, E.] Proxemy Res, Laytonville, MD 20882 USA. RP Hayes, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, MC 150-21, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM hayes@gps.caltech.edu RI Lewis, Kevin/E-5557-2012; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 NR 9 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 14 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 9 AR L09204 DI 10.1029/2008GL033409 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 303SC UT WOS:000256060200001 ER PT J AU Druffel, ERM Robinson, LF Griffin, S Halley, RB Southon, JR Adkins, JF AF Druffel, Ellen R. M. Robinson, Laura F. Griffin, Sheila Halley, Robert B. Southon, John R. Adkins, Jess F. TI Low reservoir ages for the surface ocean from mid-Holocene Florida corals SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CAL KYR BP; ICE-AGE; RADIOCARBON; CALIBRATION; C-14; QUATERNARY; LIMESTONE; RINGS; KEYS; SEA AB The C-14 reservoir age of the surface ocean was determined for two Holocene periods (4908 - 4955 and 3008 - 3066 calendar ( al) B. P.) using U/Th-dated corals from Biscayne National Park, Florida, United States. We found that the average reservoir ages for these two time periods ( 294 +/- 33 and 291 +/- 27 years, respectively) were lower than the average value between A. D. 1600 and 1900 (390 +/- 60 years) from corals. It appears that the surface ocean was closer to isotopic equilibrium with CO2 in the atmosphere during these two time periods than it was during recent times. Seasonal delta O-18 measurements from the younger coral are similar to modern values, suggesting that mixing with open ocean waters was indeed occurring during this coral's lifetime. Likely explanations for the lower reservoir age include increased stratification of the surface ocean or increased Delta C-14 values of subsurface waters that mix into the surface. Our results imply that a more correct reservoir age correction for radiocarbon measurements of marine samples in this location from the time periods similar to 3040 and similar to 4930 cal years B. P. is similar to 292 +/- 30 years, less than the canonical value of 404 +/- 20 years. C1 [Druffel, Ellen R. M.; Griffin, Sheila; Southon, John R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Earth Syst Sci Dept, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Adkins, Jess F.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Halley, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Robinson, Laura F.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Druffel, ERM (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Earth Syst Sci Dept, Croul Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM edruffel@uci.edu; lrobinson@whoi.edu; rhalley@usgs.gov; jess@gps.caltech.edu OI Robinson, Laura/0000-0001-6811-0140 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD MAY 13 PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 AR PA2209 DI 10.1029/2007PA001527 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 303TK UT WOS:000256063600001 ER PT J AU Mulch, A Sarna-Wojcicki, AM Perkins, ME Chamberlain, CP AF Mulch, A. Sarna-Wojcicki, A. M. Perkins, M. E. Chamberlain, C. P. TI A Miocene to Pleistocene climate and elevation record of the Sierra Nevada (California) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate; hydrogen; paleoaltimetry; stable isotopes; volcanic glass ID STABLE-ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NEW-ZEALAND; MANTLE LITHOSPHERE; HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; DEUTERIUM CONTENT; VOLCANIC GLASS; (U-TH)/HE AGES; FALLOUT TUFFS; BASIN AB Orographic precipitation of Pacific-sourced moisture creates a rain shadow across the central part of the Sierra Nevada (California) that contrasts with the southern part of the range, where seasonal monsoonal precipitation sourced to the south obscures this rain shadow effect. Orographic rainout systematically lowers the hydrogen isotope composition of precipitation (delta D-ppt) and therefore delta D-ppt reflects a measure of the magnitude of the rain shadow. Hydrogen isotope compositions of volcanic glass (delta D-glass) hydrated at the earth's surface provide a unique opportunity to track the elevation and precipitation history of the Sierra Nevada and adjacent Basin and Range Province. Analysis of 67 well dated volcanic glass samples from widespread volcanic ash-fall deposits located from the Pacific coast to the Basin and Range Province demonstrates that between 0.6 and 12.1 Ma the hydrogen isotope compositions of meteoric water displayed a large (>40 parts per thousand) decrease from the windward to the leeward side of the central Sierra Nevada, consistent with the existence of a rain shadow of modern magnitude over that time. Evidence for a Miocene-to-recent rain shadow of constant magnitude and systematic changes in the longitudinal climate and precipitation patterns strongly suggest that the modern first-order topographic elements of the Sierra Nevada characterized the landscape over at least the last 12 million years. C1 [Mulch, A.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Geol, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Mulch, A.; Chamberlain, C. P.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Sarna-Wojcicki, A. M.] United States Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Perkins, M. E.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Mulch, A (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Geol, Callinstr 30, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. EM mulch@geowi.uni-hannover.de RI Mulch, Andreas/A-1324-2013 NR 49 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 13 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 19 BP 6819 EP 6824 DI 10.1073/pnas.0708811105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 301UN UT WOS:000255921200008 PM 18441101 ER PT J AU Martin, TE Schwabl, H AF Martin, Thomas E. Schwabl, Hubert TI Variation in maternal effects and embryonic development rates among passerine species SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE incubation period; physiological trade-offs; life history; nest attentiveness; nest predation; parental care ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; BASAL METABOLIC-RATE; BLACK-HEADED GULL; YOLK TESTOSTERONE; INCUBATION PERIOD; AVIAN INCUBATION; GROWTH-RATES; EGG MASS; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION AB Embryonic development rates are reflected by the length of incubation period in birds, and these vary substantially among species within and among geographical regions. The incubation periods are consistently shorter in North America (Arizona study site) than in tropical (Venezuela) and subtropical (Argentina) South America based on the study of 83 passerine species in 17 clades. Parents, mothers in particular, may influence incubation periods and resulting offspring quality through proximate pathways, while variation in maternal strategies among species can result from selection by adult and offspring mortality. Parents of long-lived species, as is common in the tropics and subtropics, may be under selection to minimize costs to themselves during incubation. Indeed, time spent incubating is often lower in the tropical and subtropical species than the related north temperate species, causing cooler average egg temperatures in the southern regions. Decreased egg temperatures result in longer incubation periods and reflect a cost imposed on offspring by parents because energy cost to the embryo and risk of offspring predation are both increased. Mothers may adjust egg size and constituents as a means to partially offset such costs. For example, reduced androgen concentrations in egg yolks may slow development rates, but may enhance offspring quality through physiological trade-offs that may be particularly beneficial in longer-lived species, as in the tropics and subtropics. We provide initial data to show that yolks of tropical birds contain substantially lower concentrations of growth-promoting androgens than north temperate relatives. Thus, maternal (and parental) effects on embryonic development rates may include contrasting and complementary proximate influences on offspring quality and deserve further field study among species. C1 [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Schwabl, Hubert] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM tom.martin@umontana.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 103 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAY 12 PY 2008 VL 363 IS 1497 BP 1663 EP 1674 DI 10.1098/rstb.2007.0009 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 282OP UT WOS:000254577400008 PM 18048289 ER PT J AU Teh, SY DeAngelis, DL Sternberg, LDL Miralles-Wilhelm, FR Smith, TJ Koh, HL AF Teh, Su Yean DeAngelis, Donald L. Sternberg, Leonel da Silveira Lobo Miralles-Wilhelm, Fernando R. Smith, Thomas J. Koh, Hock-Lye TI A simulation model for projecting changes in salinity concentrations and species dominance in the coastal margin habitats of the Everglades SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE storm surge; vegetation boundary shift; salinity; mangroves; hammocks; competition; regime change; everglades; coastal ecosystems; vadose zone ID WOODY PLANT INVASION; RISING SEA-LEVEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; WATER; MANGROVES; HURRICANES; SALT; GRASSLANDS AB Sharp boundaries typically separate the salinity tolerant mangroves from the salinity intolerant hardwood hammock species, which occupy the similar geographical areas of southern Florida. Evidence of strong feedback between tree community-type and the salinity of the unsaturated (vadose) zone of the soil suggests that a severe disturbance that significantly tilts the salinity in the vadose zone might cause a shift from one vegetation type to the other. In this study, a model based upon the feedback dynamics between vegetation and salinity of the vadose zone of the soil was used to take account of storm surge events to investigate the mechanisms that by which this large-scale disturbance could affect the spatial pattern of hardwood hammocks and mangroves. Model simulation results indicated that a heavy storm surge that completely saturated the vadose zone at 30 ppt for 1 day could lead to a regime shift in which there is domination by mangroves of areas previously dominated by hardwood hammocks. Lighter storm surges that saturated the vadose zone at less than 7 ppt did not cause vegetation shifts. Investigations of model sensitivity analysis indicated that the thickness of the vadose zone, coupled with precipitation, influenced the residence time of high salinity in the vadose zone and therefore determined the rate of mangrove domination. The model was developed for a southern Florida coastal ecosystem, but its applicability may be much broader. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [DeAngelis, Donald L.; Sternberg, Leonel da Silveira Lobo] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Teh, Su Yean; Koh, Hock-Lye] Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Math Sci, George Town 11800, Malaysia. [DeAngelis, Donald L.; Smith, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Miralles-Wilhelm, Fernando R.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, 1301 Mem Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM ddeangelis@bio.miami.edu RI Teh, Su Yean/B-3892-2011 OI Teh, Su Yean/0000-0003-4404-661X NR 56 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 213 IS 2 BP 245 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.12.007 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 295CW UT WOS:000255453600009 ER PT J AU Storlazzi, CD Jaffe, BE AF Storlazzi, Curt D. Jaffe, Bruce E. TI The relative contribution of processes driving variability in flow, shear, and turbidity over a fringing coral reef: West Maui, Hawaii SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coral reefs; waves; tides; currents; turbidity; shear; USA; Hawaii; Maui ID SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; WAVE-DRIVEN; MOLOKAI; RESUSPENSION; ENVIRONMENT; DISPERSAL; AUSTRALIA; TRANSPORT; RESPONSES AB High-frequency measurements of waves, currents and water column properties were made on a fringing coral reef off northwest Maui, Hawaii, for 15 months between 2001 and 2003 to aid in understanding the processes governing flow and turbidity over a range of time scales and their contributions to annual budgets. The summer months were characterized by consistent trade winds and small waves, and under these conditions high-frequency internal bores were commonly observed, there was little net flow or turbidity over the fore reef, and over the reef flat net flow was downwind and turbidity was high. When the trade winds waned or the wind direction deviated from the dominant trade wind orientation, strong alongshore flows occurred into the typically dominant wind direction and lower turbidity was observed across the reef. During the winter, when large storm waves impacted the study area, strong offshore flows and high turbidity Occurred on the reef flat and over the fore reef. Over the course of a year, trade wind conditions resulted in the greatest net transport of turbid water due to relatively strong currents, moderate overall turbidity, and their frequent occurrence. Throughout the period of study, near-surface current directions over the fore reef varied on average by more than 41 degrees from those near the seafloor, and the orientation of the currents over the reef flat differed on average by more than 65 degrees from those observed over the fore reef. This shear occurred over relatively short vertical (order of meters) and horizontal (order of hundreds of meters) scales, causing material distributed throughout the water column, including the particles in suspension causing the turbidity (e.g. sediment or larvae) and/or dissolved nutrients and contaminants, to be transported in different directions under constant oceanographic and meteorologic forcing. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Storlazzi, Curt D.; Jaffe, Bruce E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Storlazzi, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM cstorlazzi@usgs.gov; bjaffe@usgs.gov RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012 OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490; Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920 NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 77 IS 4 BP 549 EP 564 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.10.012 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 300KP UT WOS:000255823000001 ER PT J AU Self, S Jay, AE Widdowson, M Keszthelyi, LP AF Self, S. Jay, A. E. Widdowson, M. Keszthelyi, L. P. TI Correlation of the Deccan and Rajahmundry Trap lavas: Are these the longest and largest lava flows on Earth? SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE basalt lava flows; pahoehoe; Rajamundry Traps; flood basalts; Deccan; long lava flows; large igneous provinces ID RIVER BASALT GROUP; FLOOD BASALTS; VOLCANIC PROVINCE; CRUSTAL EXTENSION; KILAUEA VOLCANO; WESTERN-GHATS; INDIA; EMPLACEMENT; STRATIGRAPHY; PAHOEHOE AB propose that the Rajahmundry Trap lavas, found near the east coast of peninsular India, are remnants of the longest lava flows yet recognized on Earth (similar to 1000 km long). These outlying Deccan-like lavas are shown to belong to the train Deccan Traps. Several previous studies have already suggested this correlation, but have not demonstrated it categorically. The exposed Rajahmundry lavas are interpreted to be the distal parts of two very-large-volume p (a) over bar hoehoe flow fields, one each from the Ambenali and Mahabaleshwar Formations of the Wai Sub-group in the Deccan Basalt Group. Eruptive conditions required to emplace such long flows are met by plausible values for cooling and eruption rates, and this is shown by applying a model for the formation of inflated p (a) over bar hoehoe sheet flow lobes. The model predicts flow lobe thicknesses similar to those observed in the Rajahmundry lavas. For the last 400 km of flow, the lava flows were confined to the pre-existing Krishna valley drainage system that existed in the basement beyond the edge of the gradually expanding Deccan lava field, allowing the flows to extend across the subcontinent to the eastern margin where they were emplaced into a littoral and/or shallow marine environment. These lavas and other individual flow fields in the Wai Sub-group may exceed eruptive volumes of 5000 km(3), which would place them amongst the largest magnitude effusive eruptive units yet known. We suggest that the length of flood basalt lava flows on Earth is restricted mainly by the size of land masses and topography. In the case of the Rajahmundry lavas, the flows reached estuaries and the sea, where their advance was perhaps effectively terminated by cooling and/or disruption. However, it is only during large igneous province basaltic volcanism that such huge volumes of lava are erupted in single events, and when the magma supply rate is sufficiently high and maintained to allow the formation of very long lava flows. The Rajahmundry lava fields were emplaced around 65 Ma during the later times of Deccan volcanism, probably just after the K/T environmental crisis. However, many lava-forming eruptions of similar magnitude and style straddled the K/T boundary. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Self, S.; Jay, A. E.; Widdowson, M.] Open Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Volcano Dynam Grp, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Keszthelyi, L. P.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Res Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Self, S (reprint author), Open Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Volcano Dynam Grp, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. EM stephen.self@open.ac.uk; laz@usgs.gov RI Jay, Anne/G-6484-2011 NR 73 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 172 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.11.012 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 313GS UT WOS:000256729700002 ER PT J AU Bouillon, S Borges, AV Castaneda-Moya, E Diele, K Dittmar, T Duke, NC Kristensen, E Lee, SY Marchand, C Middelburg, JJ Rivera-Monroy, VH Smith, TJ Twilley, RR AF Bouillon, Steven Borges, Alberto V. Castaneda-Moya, Edward Diele, Karen Dittmar, Thorsten Duke, Norman C. Kristensen, Erik Lee, Shing Y. Marchand, Cyril Middelburg, Jack J. Rivera-Monroy, Victor H. Smith, Thomas J., III Twilley, Robert R. TI Mangrove production and carbon sinks: A revision of global budget estimates SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Review ID FLORIDA COASTAL EVERGLADES; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; CRAB UCIDES-CORDATUS; SOUTHWEST FLORIDA; HONG-KONG; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; SOUTHERN THAILAND; LITTER PRODUCTION; AVICENNIA-MARINA AB Mangrove forests are highly productive but globally threatened coastal ecosystems, whose role in the carbon budget of the coastal zone has long been debated. Here we provide a comprehensive synthesis of the available data on carbon fluxes in mangrove ecosystems. A reassessment of global mangrove primary production from the literature results in a conservative estimate of similar to 218 +/- 72 Tg C a(-1). When using the best available estimates of various carbon sinks (organic carbon export, sediment burial, and mineralization), it appears that > 50% of the carbon fixed by mangrove vegetation is unaccounted for. This unaccounted carbon sink is conservatively estimated at similar to 112 +/- 85 Tg C a(-1), equivalent in magnitude to similar to 30-40% of the global riverine organic carbon input to the coastal zone. Our analysis suggests that mineralization is severely underestimated, and that the majority of carbon export from mangroves to adjacent waters occurs as dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). CO2 efflux from sediments and creek waters and tidal export of DIC appear to be the major sinks. These processes are quantitatively comparable in magnitude to the unaccounted carbon sink in current budgets, but are not yet adequately constrained with the limited published data available so far. C1 [Bouillon, Steven] Vrije Univ Brussel, Dept Analyt & Environm Chem, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Bouillon, Steven; Middelburg, Jack J.] Netherlands Inst Ecol, Ctr Estuarine & Marine Ecol NIOO KNAW, NL-4401 NT Yerseke, Netherlands. [Borges, Alberto V.] Univ Liege, Chem Oceanog Unit, Inst Phys B5, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Castaneda-Moya, Edward; Rivera-Monroy, Victor H.; Twilley, Robert R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Wetland Biogeochem Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Diele, Karen] Zentrum Marine Tropenokol, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Dittmar, Thorsten] Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Duke, Norman C.; Lee, Shing Y.] Griffith Univ Gold Coast, Australian Rivers Inst Coasts & Estuaries, Griffith, Qld 4222, Australia. [Kristensen, Erik] Univ So Denmark, Inst Biol, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. [Marchand, Cyril] IRD, UR 103, Noumea, New Caledonia. [Smith, Thomas J., III] Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Bouillon, S (reprint author), Vrije Univ Brussel, Dept Analyt & Environm Chem, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. EM steven.bouillon@vub.ac.be RI Lee, Shing Yip/B-9185-2008; Borges, Alberto/C-4989-2008; Rivera-Monroy, Victor/G-7329-2011; Kristensen, Erik/B-9378-2012; Bouillon, Steven/C-5177-2011; Middelburg, Jack/B-4951-2011; Duke, Norman/K-5729-2013; Dittmar, Thorsten/L-7796-2013; OI Bouillon, Steven/0000-0001-7669-2929; Middelburg, Jack/0000-0003-3601-9072; Duke, Norman/0000-0003-2081-9120; Dittmar, Thorsten/0000-0002-3462-0107; Borges, Alberto V./0000-0002-5434-2247 NR 109 TC 191 Z9 196 U1 26 U2 188 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAY 9 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 AR GB2013 DI 10.1029/2007GB003052 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300LX UT WOS:000255826400001 ER PT J AU Knoll, AH Jolliff, BL Farrand, WH Bell, JF Clark, BC Gellert, R Golombek, MP Grotzinger, JP Herkenhoff, KE Johnson, JR McLennan, SM Morris, R Squyres, SW Sullivan, R Tosca, NJ Yen, A Learner, Z AF Knoll, Andrew H. Jolliff, Brad L. Farrand, William H. Bell, James F., III Clark, Benton C. Gellert, Ralf Golombek, M. P. Grotzinger, John P. Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. Johnson, Jeffrey R. McLennan, Scott M. Morris, Richard Squyres, Steven W. Sullivan, Robert Tosca, Nicholas J. Yen, Albert Learner, Zoe TI Veneers, rinds, and fracture fills: Relatively late alteration of sedimentary rocks at Meridiani Planum, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID OPPORTUNITY ROVER; BURNS FORMATION; WATER; MINERALOGY; CHEMISTRY; OUTCROPS; ORIGIN; CRATER; DUST; SOIL AB Veneers and thicker rinds that coat outcrop surfaces and partially cemented fracture fills formed perpendicular to bedding document relatively late stage alteration of ancient sedimentary rocks at Meridiani Planum, Mars. The chemistry of submillimeter thick, buff-colored veneers reflects multiple processes at work since the establishment of the current plains surface. Veneer composition is dominated by the mixing of silicate-rich dust and sulfate-rich outcrop surface, but it has also been influenced by mineral precipitation, including NaCl, and possibly by limited physical or chemical weathering of sulfate minerals. Competing processes of chemical alteration (perhaps mediated by thin films of water or water vapor beneath blanketing soils) and sandblasting of exposed outcrop surfaces determine the current distribution of veneers. Dark-toned rinds several millimeters thick reflect more extensive surface alteration but also indicate combined dust admixture, halite precipitation, and possible minor sulfate removal. Cemented fracture fills that are differentially resistant to erosion occur along the margins of linear fracture systems possibly related to impact. These appear to reflect limited groundwater activity along the margins of fractures, cementing mechanically introduced fill derived principally from outcrop rocks. The limited thickness and spatial distribution of these three features suggest that aqueous activity has been rare and transient or has operated at exceedingly low rates during the protracted interval since outcropping Meridiani strata were exposed on the plains surface. C1 [Knoll, Andrew H.; Tosca, Nicholas J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolut Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jolliff, Brad L.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Farrand, William H.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Bell, James F., III; Squyres, Steven W.; Sullivan, Robert; Learner, Zoe] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Clark, Benton C.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO USA. [Gellert, Ralf] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Gellert, Ralf] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Golombek, M. P.; Yen, Albert] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Grotzinger, John P.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.; Johnson, Jeffrey R.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [McLennan, Scott M.; Tosca, Nicholas J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Morris, Richard] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Knoll, AH (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolut Biol, 26 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 NR 46 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAY 8 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E6 AR E06S16 DI 10.1029/2007JE002949 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 300NE UT WOS:000255829800001 ER PT J AU Lapenis, AG Lawrence, GB Bailey, SW Aparin, BF Shiklomanov, AI Speranskaya, NA Torn, MS Calef, M AF Lapenis, A. G. Lawrence, G. B. Bailey, S. W. Aparin, B. F. Shiklomanov, A. I. Speranskaya, N. A. Torn, M. S. Calef, M. TI Climatically driven loss of calcium in steppe soil as a sink for atmospheric carbon SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID RUSSIAN FORESTS; EVAPORATION; CLIMATE; CALICHE; RIVER; CO2 AB During the last several thousand years the semi-arid, cold climate of the Russian steppe formed highly fertile soils rich in organic carbon and calcium (classified as Chernozems in the Russian system). Analysis of archived soil samples collected in Kemannaya Steppe Preserve in 1920, 1947, 1970, and fresh samples collected in 1998 indicated that the native steppe Chernozems, however, lost 17-28 kg m(-2) of calcium in the form of carbonates in 1970-1998. Here we demonstrate that the loss of calcium was caused by fundamental shift in the steppe hydrologic balance. Previously unleached soils where precipitation was less than potential evapotranspiration are now being leached due to increased precipitation and, possibly, due to decreased actual evapotranspiration. Because this region receives low levels of acidic deposition, the dissolution of carbonates involves the consumption of atmospheric CO(2). Our estimates indicate that this climatically driven terrestrial sink of atmospheric CO(2) is similar to 2.1-7.4 g C m(-2) a(-1). In addition to the net sink of atmospheric carbon, leaching of pedogenic carbonates significantly amplified seasonal amplitude of CO(2) exchange between atmosphere and steppe soil. C1 [Lapenis, A. G.; Calef, M.] SUNY Albany, Dept Geog & Planning, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Lawrence, G. B.] USGS, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Bailey, S. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH USA. [Aparin, B. F.] Cent Dokuchaevs Soil Museum, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Shiklomanov, A. I.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Speranskaya, N. A.] State Hydrol Inst, St Petersburg 199053, Russia. [Torn, M. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lapenis, AG (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Geog & Planning, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM andreil@albany.edu RI Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015; OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAY 7 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 AR GB2010 DI 10.1029/2007GB003077 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300LV UT WOS:000255826200004 ER PT J AU Bizzarri, A Spudich, P AF Bizzarri, A. Spudich, P. TI Effects of supershear rupture speed on the high-frequency content of S waves investigated using spontaneous dynamic rupture models and isochrone theory SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID IMPERIAL-VALLEY EARTHQUAKE; ABSORBING BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; STATE-DEPENDENT FRICTION; SLIP-WEAKENING BEHAVIOR; 2002 DENALI FAULT; CONSTITUTIVE LAWS; SOURCE MECHANISM; SHEAR RUPTURE; STICK-SLIP; PROPAGATION AB In this paper we achieve three goals: (1) We demonstrate that crack tips governed by friction laws, including slip weakening, rate-and state-dependent laws, and thermal pressurization of pore fluids, propagating at supershear speed have slip velocity functions with reduced high-frequency content compared to crack tips traveling at subshear speeds. This is demonstrated using a fully dynamic, spontaneous, three-dimensional earthquake model, in which we calculate fault slip velocity at nine points (locations) distributed along a quarter circle on the fault where the rupture is traveling at supershear speed in the inplane direction and subshear speed in the antiplane direction. This holds for a fault governed by the linear slip-weakening constitutive equation, by slip weakening with thermal pressurization of pore fluid, and by rate-and state-dependent laws with thermal pressurization. The same is also true even assuming a highly heterogeneous initial shear stress field on the fault. (2) Using isochrone theory, we derive a general expression for the spectral characteristics and geometric spreading of two pulses arising from supershear rupture, the well-known Mach wave, and a second lesser known pulse caused by rupture acceleration. (3) We demonstrate that the Mach cone amplification of high frequencies overwhelms the de-amplification of high-frequency content in the slip velocity functions in supershear ruptures. Consequently, when earthquake ruptures travel at supershear speed, a net enhancement of high-frequency radiation is expected, and the alleged "low'' peak accelerations observed for the 2002 Denali and other large earthquakes are probably not caused by diminished high-frequency content in the slip velocity function, as has been speculated. C1 [Bizzarri, A.] Sez Bologna, Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-40128 Bologna, Italy. [Spudich, P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bizzarri, A (reprint author), Sez Bologna, Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Via Donato Creti 12, I-40128 Bologna, Italy. EM bizzarri@bo.ingv.it RI Bizzarri, Andrea/B-5039-2010 NR 76 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 7 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B5 AR B05304 DI 10.1029/2007JB005146 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 300NG UT WOS:000255830000003 ER PT J AU Royer, RA McKenney, RA Newton, WE AF Royer, Ronald A. McKenney, Rose A. Newton, Wesley E. TI A characterization of non-biotic environmental features of prairies hosting the Dakota Skipper (Hesperia dacotae, hesperiidae) across its remaining US range SO JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Dakota Skipper; habitat; climate; soils; management ID SOIL AB Within the United States, the Dakota Skipper now occurs only in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota. In these states it has been associated with margins of glacial lakes and calcareous mesic prairies that host warm-season native grasses. Preliminary geographic information system (GIS) analysis in North Dakota has indicated a close congruency between historic distribution of the Dakota Skipper and that of specific near-shore glacial lake features and related soil associations. This study analyzed humidity-related non-biotic microbabitat characteristics within three remaining occupied Dakota Skipper sites in each state during the larval growth period in 2000. Measured parameters included topographic relief, soil compaction, soil pH, moisture, and temperature at various depths, soil bulk density, soil texture, and temperature and humidity within the larval nest zone. Results of these efforts reveal two distinctive habitat substrates, one of relatively low surface relief with dense but relatively less compact soils, and another of relatively high relief with less dense but more compact soils. In the low-relief habitat, grazing appears to Compact soils unfavorably in otherwise similar prairies in the more xeric western portion of the range, potentially by affecting ground-water buffering of larval nest zone humidity. C1 [Royer, Ronald A.] Minot State Univ, Div Sci, Minot, ND 58707 USA. [McKenney, Rose A.] Pacific Lutheran Univ, Dept Geosci & Environm Studies Program, Tacoma, WA 98477 USA. [Newton, Wesley E.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Royer, RA (reprint author), Minot State Univ, Div Sci, 500 Univ Ave W, Minot, ND 58707 USA. EM ron.royer@minotstateu.edu NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU LEPIDOPTERISTS SOC PI LOS ANGELES PA 900 EXPOSITION BLVD, LOS ANGELES, CA 90007-4057 USA SN 0024-0966 J9 J LEPID SOC JI J. Lepid. Soc. PD MAY 6 PY 2008 VL 62 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 319LB UT WOS:000257164000001 ER PT J AU Brown, ME Funk, CC Verdin, J Eilerts, G AF Brown, Molly E. Funk, Christopher C. Verdin, James Eilerts, Gary TI Ensuring food security - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Brown, Molly E.] NASA, SSAI, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Funk, Christopher C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Verdin, James] US Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Eilerts, Gary] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), NASA, SSAI, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Brown, Molly/E-2724-2010; Brown, Molly/M-5146-2013 OI Brown, Molly/0000-0001-7384-3314; Brown, Molly/0000-0001-7384-3314 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 2 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5876 BP 611 EP 612 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 295DD UT WOS:000255454300017 ER PT J AU Day-Lewis, FD Singha, K AF Day-Lewis, Frederick D. Singha, Kamini TI Geoelectrical inference of mass transfer parameters using temporal moments SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER RATE COEFFICIENTS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MACRODISPERSION EXPERIMENT; HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFERS; SURFACE-REACTIONS; TRACER; REMEDIATION; TOMOGRAPHY; DIFFUSION; DESIGN AB We present an approach to infer mass transfer parameters based on (1) an analytical model that relates the temporal moments of mobile and bulk concentration and (2) a bicontinuum modification to Archie's law. Whereas conventional geochemical measurements preferentially sample from the mobile domain, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is sensitive to bulk electrical conductivity and, thus, electrolytic solute in both the mobile and immobile domains. We demonstrate the new approach, in which temporal moments of collocated mobile domain conductivity (i.e., conventional sampling) and ERT-estimated bulk conductivity are used to calculate heterogeneous mass transfer rate and immobile porosity fractions in a series of numerical column experiments. C1 [Day-Lewis, Frederick D.] US Geol Survey, Branch Geophys, Off Ground Water, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Singha, Kamini] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Day-Lewis, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Branch Geophys, Off Ground Water, 11 Sherman Pl,Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM daylewis@usgs.gov OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X NR 34 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 2 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 AR W05201 DI 10.1029/2007WR006750 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 297DJ UT WOS:000255597000002 ER PT J AU Whelan, JF Neymark, LA Moscati, RJ Marshall, BD Roedder, E AF Whelan, Joseph F. Neymark, Leonid A. Moscati, Richard J. Marshall, Brian D. Roedder, Edwin TI Thermal history of the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPE EVIDENCE; NUCLEAR-WASTE REPOSITORY; SECONDARY CALCITE; FLUID INCLUSIONS; SILICIC TUFF; TEMPERATURE; ORIGIN; AGES; OPAL; GEOCHRONOLOGY AB Secondary calcite, silica and minor amounts of fluorite deposited in fractures and cavities record the chemistry, temperatures, and timing of past fluid movement in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, the proposed site of a high-level radioactive waste repository. The distribution and geochemistry of these deposits are consistent with low-temperature precipitation from meteoric waters that infiltrated at the surface and percolated down through the unsaturated zone. However, the discovery of fluid inclusions in calcite with homogenization temperatures (T-h) up to similar to 80 degrees C was construed by sonic scientists as strong evidence for hydrothermal deposition. This paper reports the results of investigations to test the hypothesis of hydrothermal deposition and to determine the temperature and timing of secondary mineral deposition. Mineral precipitation temperatures in the unsaturated zone are estimated from calcite- and fluorite-hosted fluid inclusions and calcite 5180 values, and depositional timing is constrained by the Pb-207/U-235 ages of chalcedony or opal in the deposits. Fluid inclusion T-h from 50 samples of calcite and four samples of fluorite range from similar to 35 to similar to 90 degrees C. Calcite delta O-18 values range from similar to 0 to similar to 22 parts per thousand (SMOW) but most fall between 12 and 20 parts per thousand. The highest T-h and the lowest delta O-18 values are found in the older calcite. Calcite T-h and delta O-18 values indicate that most calcite precipitated from water with delta O-18 values between - 13 and - 7 parts per thousand, similar to modern meteoric waters. Twenty-two Pb-207/U-235 ages of chalcedony or opal that generally postdate elevated depositional temperatures range from similar to 9.5 to 1.9 Ma. New and published Pb-207/U-235 and Th-230/Uages coupled with the T-h values and estimates of temperature from calcite delta O-18 values indicate that maximum unsaturated zone temperatures probably predate similar to 10 Ma and that the unsaturated zone had cooled to near-present-day temperatures (24 - 26 degrees C at a depth of 250 m) by 2 - 4 Ma. The evidence of elevated temperatures persisting in ash flow tuffs adjacent to parent calderas for as much as similar to 8 Ma is a new finding, but consistent with thermal modeling. Simulations using the HEAT code demonstrate that prolonged cooling of the unsaturated zone is consistent with magmatic heat inputs and deep-seated (sub-water table) hydrothermal activity generated by the large magma body similar to 8 km to the north that produced the 15 - 11 Ma ash flows and ash falls that make up Yucca Mountain. The evidence discussed in this and preceding papers strongly supports unsaturated zone deposition of the secondary minerals from descending meteoric waters. Although depositional temperatures reflect conductive (and possibly vapor-phase convective) heating of the unsaturated zone related to regional magmatic sources until perhaps 6 Ma, depositional conditions similar to the present-day unsaturated zone have prevailed for at least the past 2 - 4 Ma. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Whelan, Joseph F.; Neymark, Leonid A.; Moscati, Richard J.; Marshall, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Roedder, Edwin] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Whelan, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jfwhelan@usgs.gov OI Marshall, Brian/0000-0002-8093-0093 NR 91 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1041 EP 1075 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.08.009 PG 35 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 306QF UT WOS:000256262200006 ER PT J AU Izbicki, JA Ball, JW Bullen, TD Sutley, SJ AF Izbicki, John A. Ball, James W. Bullen, Thomas D. Sutley, Stephen J. TI Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; GROUNDWATER BASIN; WATER; RATIOS; REDUCTION; TECTONICS; OXIDATION; ABUNDANCE; MOVEMENT AB Chromium(VI) concentrations in excess of the California Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 50 mu g/L occur naturally in alkaline, oxic ground-water in alluvial aquifers in the western Mojave Desert, southern California. The highest concentrations were measured in aquifers eroded from mafic rock, but Cr(VI) as high as 27 mu g/L was measured in aquifers 53 eroded from granitic rock. Chromium(VI) concentrations did not exceed 5 mu g/L at pH < 7.5 regardless of geology. delta Cr-53 values in native ground-water ranged from 0.7 to 5.1 parts per thousand and values were fractionated relative to the average 653 Cr composition of 0 parts per thousand in the earth's crust. Positive delta Cr-53 values of 1.2 and 2.3 parts per thousand were measured in ground-water recharge areas having low Cr concentrations, consistent with the addition of Cr(VI) that was fractionated on mineral surfaces prior to entering solution. delta Cr-53 values, although variable, did not consistently increase or decrease with increasing Cr concentrations as ground-water flowed down gradient through more oxic portions of the aquifer. However, increasing delta Cr-53 values were observed as dissolved O-2 concentrations decreased, and Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III), and subsequently removed from solution. As a result, the highest delta Cr-53 values were measured in water from deep wells, and wells in discharge areas near dry lakes at the downgradient end of long flow paths through alluvial aquifers. delta Cr-53 values at an industrial site overlying mafic alluvium having high natural background Cr(VI) concentrations ranged from - 0.1 to 3.2 parts per thousand. Near zero delta Cr-53 values at the site were the result of anthropogenic Cr. However, mixing with native ground-water and fractionation of Cr within the plume increased delta Cr-53 values at the site. Although delta C-53 was not necessarily diagnostic of anthropogenic Cr, it was possible to identify the extent of anthropogenic Cr at the site on the basis of the 853 Cr values in conjunction with major-ion data, and the delta O-18 and delta D composition of water from wells. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Izbicki, John A.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. [Ball, James W.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sutley, Stephen J.] Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Izbicki, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite O, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM jaizbick@usgs.gov NR 74 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1325 EP 1352 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.11.015 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 306QF UT WOS:000256262200023 ER PT J AU Besser, JM Brumbaugh, WG Ivey, CD Ingersoll, CG Moran, PW AF Besser, John M. Brumbaugh, William G. Ivey, Chris D. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Moran, Patrick W. TI Biological and chemical characterization of metal bioavailability in sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Columbia River, Washington, USA SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY GUIDELINES; TRACE-METALS AB We studied the bioavailability and toxicity of copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, and lead in sediments from Lake Roosevelt (LR), a reservoir on the Columbia River in Washington, USA that receives inputs of metals from an upstream smelter facility. We characterized chronic sediment toxicity, metal bioaccumulation, and metal concentrations in sediment and pore water from eight study sites: one site upstream in the Columbia River, six sites in the reservoir, and a reference site in an uncontaminated tributary. Total recoverable metal concentrations in LR sediments generally decreased from upstream to downstream in the study area, but sediments from two sites in the reservoir had metal concentrations much lower than adjacent reservoir sites and similar to the reference site, apparently due to erosion of uncontaminated bank soils. Concentrations of acid-volatile sulfide in LR sediments were too low to provide strong controls on metal bioavailability, and selective sediment extractions indicated that metals in most LR sediments were primarily associated with iron and manganese oxides. Oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus) accumulated greatest concentrations of copper from the river sediment, and greatest concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, and lead from reservoir sediments. Chronic toxic effects on amphipods (Hyalella azteca; reduced survival) and midge larvae (Chironomus dilutus; reduced growth) in whole-sediment exposures were generally consistent with predictions of metal toxicity based on empirical and equilibrium partitioning-based sediment quality guidelines. Elevated metal concentrations in pore waters of some LR sediments suggested that metals released from iron and manganese oxides under anoxic conditions contributed to metal bioaccumulation and toxicity. Results of both chemical and biological assays indicate that metals in sediments from both riverine and reservoir habitats of Lake Roosevelt are available to benthic invertebrates. These findings will be used as part of an ongoing ecological risk assessment to determine remedial actions for contaminated sediments in Lake Roosevelt. C1 [Besser, John M.; Brumbaugh, William G.; Ivey, Chris D.; Ingersoll, Christopher G.] Columbia Environm Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Moran, Patrick W.] Washington Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Besser, JM (reprint author), Columbia Environm Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jbesser@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 54 IS 4 BP 557 EP 570 DI 10.1007/s00244-007-9074-5 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 285AM UT WOS:000254749700001 PM 18060524 ER PT J AU Harper, DD Farag, AM Brumbaugh, WG AF Harper, D. D. Farag, A. M. Brumbaugh, W. G. TI Effects of acclimation on the toxicity of stream water contaminated with zinc and cadmium to juvenile cutthroat trout SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-METAL TOXICITY; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; RELATIVE SENSITIVITY; CHINOOK SALMON; DIEL CYCLES; COPPER; ACCUMULATION AB We investigated the influence of acclimation on results of in situ bioassays with cutthroat trout in metal-contaminated streams. Cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) were held for 21 days (1) in live containers at a reference or "clean" site having dissolved metals near detection limits (0.01 mu g/L cadmium [Cd] and 2.8 mu g/L zinc [Zn]; hardness 32 mg/L as CaCO3) and (2) at a site in a mining-impacted watershed having moderately increased metals (0.07 mu g/L Cd and 38 to 40 mu g/L Zn; hardness 50 mg/L as CaCO3). The 96-hour survival of each treatment group was then tested in situ at five sites from September 5 to 9, 2002, and each group exhibited a range of metal concentrations (0.44 to 39 mu g/L arsenic [As], 0.01 to 2.2 mu g/L Cd, and 0.49 to 856 mu g/L Zn). Survival was 100% at three sites for both treatments. However, a higher percentage of metal-acclimated fish survived at the site with the second highest concentrations of Cd and Zn (0.90 and 238 mu g/L, respectively) compared with fish acclimated at the reference site (100% vs. 55%, respectively). Survival was 65% for acclimated fish and 0% for metal-naive fish at the site with the largest metal concentrations (2.2 mu g/L Cd and 856 mu g/L Zn). Water collected from the site with the largest concentrations of dissolved metals (on October 30, 2002) was used in a laboratory serial dilution to determine 96-hour LC50 values. The 96-hour LC50 estimates of naive fish during the in situ and laboratory experiments were similar (0.60 mu g Cd/L and 226 mu g Zn/L for in situ and 0.64 mu g Cd/L and 201 mu g Zn/L for laboratory serial dilutions). However, mortality of naive cutthroat trout tested under laboratory conditions was more rapid in dilutions of 100%, 75%, and 38% site water than in situ experiments. C1 [Harper, D. D.; Farag, A. M.] US Geol Survey, Jackson Field Res Stn, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Brumbaugh, W. G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Harper, DD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Jackson Field Res Stn, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, POB 1089, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. EM david_harper@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 54 IS 4 BP 697 EP 704 DI 10.1007/s00244-007-9063-8 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 285AM UT WOS:000254749700016 PM 17972004 ER PT J AU Conn, JS Beattie, KL Shephard, MA Carlson, ML Lapina, I Hebert, M Gronquist, R Densmore, R Rasy, M AF Conn, J. S. Beattie, K. L. Shephard, M. A. Carlson, M. L. Lapina, I. Hebert, M. Gronquist, R. Densmore, R. Rasy, M. TI Alaska Melilotus invasions: Distribution, origin, and susceptibility of plant communities SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TANANA RIVER FLOODPLAIN; MOUNTAIN NATIONAL-PARK; 7 LEGUME CROPS; PRIMARY SUCCESSION; INTERIOR ALASKA; GLACIER BAY; SOILS; ENVIRONMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; GRASSLANDS AB Melilotus alba and M. officinalis were introduced to Alaska in 1913 as potential forage crops. These species have become naturalized and are now invading large, exotic plant-free regions of Alaska. We determined distributions of M. alba and M. officinalis in Alaska from surveys conducted each summer from 2002 to 2005. Melilotus alba and M. officinalis occurred at 721 and 205 sites, respectively (39,756 total sites surveyed). The northward limit for M. alba and M. officinalis was 67.15 degrees N and 64.87 degrees N, respectively. Both species were strictly associated with soil disturbance. Metilotus alba extended no farther than 15 m from road edges except where M. alba on roadsides met river floodplains and dispersed downriver (Matanuska and Nenana Rivers). Melilotus has now reached the Tanana River, a tributary of the Yukon River. Populations on floodplains were most extensive on braided sections. On the Nenana River, soil characteristics did not differ between where M. alba was growing versus similar areas where it had not yet reached. The pH of river soils (7.9-8.3) was higher than highway soils (7.3). Upland taiga plant communities grow on acid soils which may protect them from invasion by Melilotus, which prefer alkaline soils; however, early succession communities on river floodplains are susceptible because soils are alkaline. C1 [Conn, J. S.; Beattie, K. L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Shephard, M. A.] US Forest Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Carlson, M. L.; Lapina, I.] Univ Alaska, Alaska Nat Heritage Program, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Carlson, M. L.; Lapina, I.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Hebert, M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Cooperat Extens Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Gronquist, R.] Fairbanks Dist Off, Bureau Land Management, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Densmore, R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Rasy, M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Cooperat Extens Serv, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Conn, JS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, 360 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffjscl@uaf.edu NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 18 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 2 BP 298 EP 308 DI 10.1657/1523-0430(06-007)[CONN]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 320XI UT WOS:000257268100004 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Ager, TA Skipp, G Beann, J Budahn, J McGeehin, JP AF Muhs, Daniel R. Ager, Thomas A. Skipp, Gary Beann, Jossh Budahn, James McGeehin, John P. TI Paleoclimatic significance of chemical weathering in loess-derived paleosols of subarctic central Alaska SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INTERGLACIAL-GLACIAL CYCLE; LATE QUATERNARY LOESS; YUKON-TERRITORY; SOIL-DEVELOPMENT; MAMMOTH-STEPPE; PLEISTOCENE LOESS; SEWARD PENINSULA; BRACKETING LOESS; NORTHWEST ALASKA; YR BP AB Chemical weathering in soils has not been studied extensively in high-latitude regions. Loess sequences with modern soils and paleosols are present in much of subarctic Alaska, and allow an assessment of present and past chemical weathering. Five sections were studied in detail in the Fairbanks, Alaska, area. Paleosols likely date to mid-Pleistocene interglacials, the last interglacial, and early-to-mid-Wisconsin interstadials. Ratios of mobile (Na, Ca, Mg, Si) to immobile (Ti or Zr) elements indicate that modern soils and most interstadial and interglacial paleosols are characterized by significant chemical weathering. Na(2)O/TiO(2) is lower in modern soils and most paleosols compared to parent loess, indicating depletion of plagioclase. In the clay fraction, smectite is present in Tanana and Yukon River source sediments, but is absent or poorly expressed in modern soils and paleosols, indicating depletion of this mineral also. Loss of both plagioclase and smectite is well expressed in soils and paleosols as lower SiO(2)/TiO(2). Carbonates are present in the river source sediments, but based on CaO/TiO(2), they are depleted in soils and most palcosols (with one exception in the early-to-mid-Wisconsin period). Thus, most soil-forming intervals during past interglacial and interstadial periods in Alaska had climatic regimes that were at least as favorable to mineral weathering as today, and suggest boreal forest or acidic tundra vegetation. C1 [Muhs, Daniel R.; Ager, Thomas A.; Skipp, Gary; Beann, Jossh] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [McGeehin, John P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dmuhs@usgs.gov NR 66 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 2 BP 396 EP 411 DI 10.1657/1523-0430(07-022)[MUHS]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 320XI UT WOS:000257268100013 ER PT J AU Stiles, BW Kirk, RL Lorenz, RD Hensley, S Lee, E Ostro, SJ Allison, MD Callahan, PS Gim, YY Iess, L Del Marmo, PP Hamilton, G Johnson, WTK West, RD AF Stiles, Bryan W. Kirk, Randolph L. Lorenz, Ralph D. Hensley, Scott Lee, Ella Ostro, Steven J. Allison, Michael D. Callahan, Philip S. Gim, Yonggyu Iess, Luciano Del Marmo, Paolo Perci Hamilton, Gary Johnson, William T. K. West, Richard D. CA Cassini RADAR Team TI Determining Titan's spin state from Cassini RADAR images SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE celestial mechanics; methods : numerical; planets and satellites : individual (Titan); techniques : image processing; techniques : radar astronomy AB For some 19 areas of Titan's surface, the Cassini RADAR instrument has obtained synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images during two different flybys. The time interval between flybys varies from several weeks to two years. We have used the apparent misregistration (by 10-30 km) of features between separate flybys to construct a refined model of Titan's spin state, estimating six parameters: north pole right ascension and declination, spin rate, and these quantities' first time derivatives We determine a pole location with right ascension of 39.48 degrees and declination of 83.43 degrees corresponding to a 0.3 degree obliquity. We determine the spin rate to be 22.5781 deg day(-1) or 0.001 deg day(-1) faster than the synchronous spin rate. Our estimated corrections to the pole and spin rate exceed their corresponding standard errors by factors of 80 and 8, respectively. We also found that the rate of change in the pole right ascension is -30 deg century(-1), ten times faster than right ascension rate of change for the orbit normal. The spin rate is increasing at a rate of 0.05 deg day(-1) per century. We observed no significant change in pole declination over the period for which we have data. Applying our pole correction reduces the feature misregistration from tens of km to 3 km. Applying the spin rate and derivative corrections further reduces the misregistration to 1.2 km. C1 [Stiles, Bryan W.; Hensley, Scott; Ostro, Steven J.; Callahan, Philip S.; Gim, Yonggyu; Hamilton, Gary; Johnson, William T. K.; West, Richard D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kirk, Randolph L.; Lee, Ella] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Allison, Michael D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Iess, Luciano; Del Marmo, Paolo Perci] Univ Rome, Dept Aerosp Engn & Astronaut, Rome, Italy. RP Stiles, BW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI IESS, Luciano/F-4902-2011; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI IESS, Luciano/0000-0002-6230-5825; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 NR 9 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 135 IS 5 BP 1669 EP 1680 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/5/1669 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294LO UT WOS:000255407700002 ER PT J AU Johnson, M Aref, S Walters, JR AF Johnson, Matthew Aref, Susanne Walters, Jeffrey R. TI Parent-offspring communication in the western sandpiper SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calidris mauri; call function; parental care; shorebird; vocal signals ID YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; LAUGHING GULL CHICKS; BIVARIATE SIGN TEST; CIRCULAR DISTRIBUTION; CALIDRIS-MAURI; CLUTCH SIZE; RECOGNITION; BEHAVIOR; CALLS; VOCALIZATIONS AB Western sandpiper (Calidris mauri) chicks are precocial and leave the nest shortly after hatch to forage independently. Chicks require thermoregulatory assistance from parents (brooding) for 5-7 days posthatch, and parents facilitate chick survival for 2-3 weeks posthatch by leading and defending chicks. Parental vocal signals are likely involved in protecting chicks from predators, preventing them from wandering away and becoming lost and leading them to good foraging locations. Using observational and experimental methods in the field, we describe and demonstrate the form and function of parent-chick communication in the western sandpiper. We document 4 distinct calls produced by parents that are apparently directed toward their chicks (brood, gather, alarm, and freeze calls). Through experimental playback of parental and non-parental vocalizations to chicks in a small arena, we demonstrated the following: 1) chicks respond to the alarm call by vocalizing relatively less often and moving away from the signal source, 2) chicks respond to the gather call by vocalizing relatively more often and moving toward the signal source, and 3) chicks respond to the freeze call by vocalizing relatively less often and crouching motionless on the substrate for extended periods of time. Chicks exhibited consistent directional movement and space use to parental and non-parental signals. Although fewer vocalizations were given in response to non-parental signals, which may indicate a weaker response to unfamiliar individuals, the relative number of chick calls given to each type of call signal was consistent between parental and non-parental signals. We also discovered 2 distinct chick vocalizations (chick-contact and chick-alarm calls) during arena playback experiments. Results indicate that sandpiper parents are able to elicit antipredatory chick behaviors and direct chick movement and vocalizations through vocal signals. Future study of parent-offspring communication should determine whether shorebird chicks exhibit parental recognition though vocalizations and the role of chick vocalizations in parental behavior. C1 [Johnson, Matthew; Walters, Jeffrey R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Aref, Susanne] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM jedibirdnerd@yahoo.com NR 78 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 19 IS 3 BP 489 EP 501 DI 10.1093/beheco/arn003 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 302RS UT WOS:000255987600004 ER PT J AU McKee, MJ Kromrey, GB May, TW Orazio, CE AF McKee, Michael J. Kromrey, George B. May, Thomas W. Orazio, Carl E. TI Contaminant levels in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and their diets from Missouri coldwater hatcheries SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trout fillets; diet; hatcheries; contaminants ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RATE CONSTANTS; PCB CONGENERS; FISH; ORGANOCHLORINES; METHYLMERCURY; ACCUMULATION AB Organochlorine and metal contaminants often occur in commercial fish diets and can accumulate in fish to levels of concern for human consumption. Contaminant levels were investigated in diet and rainbow trout fillets from Missouri coldwater hatcheries used in "put and take" fisheries. The average fillet:diet ratio was < 0.1 for lead and cadmium, 0.4-0.6 for organochlorine compounds, and about 0.8 for mercury. Trout fillet concentrations for all contaminants were low (< 50 ng/g) and below Missouri's fish consumption advisory trigger levels. C1 [McKee, Michael J.] Resource Sci Ctr, Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Kromrey, George B.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Sullivan, MO 63080 USA. [May, Thomas W.; Orazio, Carl E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP McKee, MJ (reprint author), Resource Sci Ctr, Missouri Dept Conservat, 1110 S Coll Av, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM mike.mckee@mdc.mo.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 80 IS 5 BP 450 EP 454 DI 10.1007/s00128-008-9374-0 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 321OW UT WOS:000257317400014 PM 18425399 ER PT J AU Poland, MP Moats, WP Fink, JH AF Poland, Michael P. Moats, William P. Fink, Jonathan H. TI A model for radial dike emplacement in composite cones based on observations from Summer Coon volcano, Colorado, USA SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE radial dike swarm; intrusion; composite volcano; driving pressure; Colorado; volcanic hazards; Summer Coon ID CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; SAKURAJIMA VOLCANO; SHEET INTRUSIONS; MAGMA TRANSPORT; GREAT ERUPTION; SPANISH-PEAKS; RIFT ZONES; BENEATH; ICELAND; JAPAN AB We mapped the geometry of 13 silicic dikes at Summer Coon, an eroded Oligocene stratovolcano in southern Colorado, to investigate various characteristics of radial dike emplacement in composite volcanoes. Exposed dikes are up to about 7 km in length and have numerous offset segments along their upper peripheries. Surprisingly, most dikes at Summer Coon increase in thickness with distance from the center of the volcano. Magma pressure in a dike is expected to lessen away from the pressurized source region, which would encourage a blade-like dike to decrease in thickness with distance from the center of the volcano. We attribute the observed thickness pattern as evidence of a driving pressure gradient, which is caused by decreasing host rock shear modulus and horizontal stress, both due to decreasing emplacement depths beneath the sloping flanks of the volcano. Based on data from Summer Coon, we propose that radial dikes originate at depth below the summit of a host volcano and follow steeply inclined paths towards the surface. Near the interface between volcanic cone and basement, which may represent a neutral buoyancy surface or stress barrier, magma is transported subhorizontally and radially away from the center of the volcano in blade-like dikes. The dikes thicken with increasing radial distance, and offset segments and fingers form along the upper peripheries of the intrusions. Eruptions may occur anywhere along the length of the dikes, but the erupted volume will generally be greater for dike-fed eruptions far from the center of the host volcano owing to the increase in driving pressure with distance from the source. Observed eruptive volumes, vent locations, and vent-area intrusions from inferred post-glacial dike-fed eruptions at Mount Adams, Washington, USA, support the proposed model. Hazards associated with radial dike emplacement are therefore greater for longer dikes that propagate to the outer flanks of a volcano. C1 [Poland, Michael P.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Moats, William P.] New Mexico Environm Dept, Hazardous Waste Bur, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Fink, Jonathan H.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Poland, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM mpoland@usgs.gov; william.moats@state.nm.us; jon.fink@asu.edu OI Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 NR 81 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 70 IS 7 BP 861 EP 875 DI 10.1007/s00445-007-0175-9 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 289BZ UT WOS:000255031300007 ER PT J AU Poppe, LT Eliason, AH AF Poppe, L. T. Eliason, A. H. TI A Visual Basic program to plot sediment grain-size data on ternary diagrams SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE software; program; Visual Basic; data processing; ternary diagrams; sediment; plotting C1 [Poppe, L. T.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Eliason, A. H.] Eliason Data Serv, Mashpee, MA 02649 USA. RP Poppe, LT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM lpoppe@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 34 IS 5 BP 561 EP 565 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2007.03.019 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 296KF UT WOS:000255541200011 ER PT J AU Niemuth, ND Solberg, JW Shaffer, TL AF Niemuth, Neal D. Solberg, John W. Shaffer, Terry L. TI Influence of moisture on density and distribution of grassland birds in North Dakota SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE climate; grassland birds; moisture; North American Breeding Bird Survey; population dynamics; Prairie Pothole region; precipitation ID BREEDING WATERFOWL POPULATIONS; PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; SPARROWS; DROUGHT; VARIABILITY; RAINFALL; PINTAIL; AMERICA; SUCCESS; TRENDS AB annual variation in grassland bird populations in the Great Plains has often been attributed to changes in moisture levels, but most previous assessments of variation in grassland bird numbers have been of short duration, have occurred during a limited range of moisture levels, have been limited in geographic scope, have considered few species, or have sampled only one or few habitat types. Data from the long-term North American Breeding Bird Survey have the potential to overcome some of these shortcomings. We used linear models and information-theoretic methods to examine associations between moisture levels and populations of 17 species of grassland passerine and two species of wetland passerine in northern North Dakota from 1980 to 2004. We used data from 13 Breeding Bird Survey routes to provide indices of bird abundance and regional dispersion; We used numbers of ponds containing water identified on annual May waterfowl surveys and the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) as regional moisture indices. Responses varied among species, but the data indicated substantial support for Moisture influencing the abundance of 17 of the 19 species we considered. Models including same-year pond numbers generally received more Support than models including PDSI data. Dispersion of seven species throughout the study area was influenced by moisture levels, although the response was not as universal and Support was not as strong as it was with abundance. Associations between grassland birds and Moisture levels Suggest the value of regional moisture indices to interpreting studies and surveys of grassland birds in the northern Great Plains. C1 [Niemuth, Neal D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. [Solberg, John W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. [Shaffer, Terry L.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Niemuth, ND (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, 3425 Miriam Ave, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM Neal_Niemuth@fws.gov NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2008 VL 110 IS 2 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1525/cond.2008.8514 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 343KJ UT WOS:000258851900002 ER PT J AU Anderson, EM Lovvorn, JR Wilson, MT AF Anderson, Eric M. Lovvorn, James R. Wilson, Matthew T. TI Reevaluating marine diets of Surf and White-winged Scoters: Interspecific differences and the importance of soft-bodied prey SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE bivalves; diet; Melanitta fusca; Melanitta perspicillata; Puget Sound; Surf Scoter; White-winged Scoter ID SCAUP AYTHYA-AFFINIS; SEA DUCKS; SPRING MIGRATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; STABLE-ISOTOPES; CLUPEA-PALLASI; FOOD-HABITS; PREDATION; SOUND; DISTURBANCE AB Past studies of the marine diets of Surf Scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) and White-winged Scoters (M. fusca) have reported that they eat mostly bivalves, but deviations from well-established methods by most studies suggest that the importance of soft-bodied prey has been underestimated for both species. Methods needed to reduce bias in diet estimates include collecting birds that are feeding, immediately preserving gut contents, excluding gizzard contents, averaging food-item percentages across birds versus pooling gut contents for all birds, and using energy or ash-free dry mass versus wet mass values of foods. For Surf Scoters collected in northern Puget Sound, Washington during 2005-2006, adherence to the latter three methods alone resulted in the assessed bivalve component of diet declining by over half and a near doubling of soft-bodied prey (i.e., crustaceans, polychaetes). Diets of Surf Scoters differed among three heavily used bays with distinct benthic habitats, yet 67%-86% of the ash-free dry mass of esophagus contents from each bay was nonbivalve prey. A synthesis of previous and new diet data revealed differences between scoter species: relative to White-winged Scoters, Surf Scoters consume smaller bivalves, a smaller and more variable percentage of mollusk prey (including bivalves and gastropods), and a declining percentage of bivalves as winter progresses. Past diet studies for scoters may provide misleading guidelines to conservation efforts by implying that only standing stocks of bivalves require consideration when prioritizing critical foraging sites. C1 [Anderson, Eric M.; Lovvorn, James R.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Wilson, Matthew T.] US Geol Survey, Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Anderson, EM (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Dept 3166,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM emander@uwyo.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Western Washington Fish and Wildlife Office [13410-5-J008]; Sea Duck Joint Venture [701816MI83]; SeaDoc Society [K004431-19]; NSF Office of Polar Programs [OPP-9813979, ARC-0454454]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Estuarine Research Reserve System [NA03NOS4200048]; Wyoming National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Wyoming NASA [NCC5-578]; National Science Foundation [DGE-0538642] FX We thank E. D. Mischke for sorting gut contents and M. R. Axelson, T. A. Cyra, D. R. Drewry, C. P. Engelhardt, J. R. Evenson, D. R. Nysewander, B. W. Otto, J. R. Otto, J. R. Otto III, and B. Welton for collecting scoters. D. Esler and two anonymous reviewers suggested improvements to earlier drafts of this manuscript. This work was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Western Washington Fish and Wildlife Office (#13410-5-J008), the Sea Duck Joint Venture (#701816MI83), the SeaDoc Society (#K004431-19), NSF Office of Polar Programs (#OPP-9813979 and #ARC-0454454 to JRL), and fellowships to EMA from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Estuarine Research Reserve System (Graduate Research Fellowship, #NA03NOS4200048), the Wyoming National Aeronautics and Space Administration Space Grant Consortium, Wyoming NASA EPSCoR (#NCC5-578), and the National Science Foundation GK 12 Program (#DGE-0538642). NR 57 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2008 VL 110 IS 2 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1525/cond.2008.8458 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 343KJ UT WOS:000258851900009 ER PT J AU Oppel, S Powell, AN Dickson, DL AF Oppel, Steffen Powell, Abby N. Dickson, D. Lynne TI Timing and distance of King Eider migration and winter movements SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE King Eider; migration; migratory connectivity; satellite telemetry; Somateria spectabilis ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPECTACLED EIDERS; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; COMMON EIDERS; BEAUFORT SEA; WING MOLT; RANGES; ALASKA; FUSCESCENS; GREENLAND AB Understanding the patterns, extent, and phenology of migration is important for estimating potential influences of habitat or climate changes on populations of migratory birds. We used satellite telemetry of >100 individual King Eiders (Somateria spectabilis) tagged in northwestern North America in 2002-2006 to describe the timing and extent of their migration and winter movements in the Bering Sea. We found high variability in timing of migration events and distances flown. Arrival on breeding grounds and onset of molt migration were the least variable events in duration. Fall migration was extremely variable, ranging from less than a week to several months. More than a third of King Eiders did not migrate after wing molt and wintered on or near wing-molting areas. We found diffuse migratory connectivity between breeding and wintering areas, and low intrayear fidelity to 25 km radius wintering sites. More than half of the King Eiders used several wintering sites in a given year, and their winter ranges were considerably larger than those of other sea duck species. We identified three distinct wintering regions in the Bering Sea that were several hundred km apart, among which no movements occurred from late December until April. The onset of spring migration was earlier for birds wintering farther south, but arrival time on breeding grounds was not correlated with wintering latitude. We conclude that high phenotypic plasticity in migratory traits may render King Eiders more likely to respond to environmental shifts than sea duck species that show stronger migratory connectivity. C1 [Oppel, Steffen] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Dickson, D. Lynne] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Edmonton, AB T6B 2X3, Canada. RP Oppel, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, 211 Irving 1, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM steffen.oppel@gmail.com OI Oppel, Steffen/0000-0002-8220-3789 FU Coastal Marine Institute (University of Alaska, Fairbanks); U.S. Minerals Management Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Canadian Wildlife Service; Sea Duck Joint Venture; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; North Slope Borough; Inuktalik Wildlife Management Advisory Council; Polar Continental Shelf Project; U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit,; Institute of Arctic Biology (University of Alaska, Fairbanks); German Academic Exchange Service FX This study was funded by the Coastal Marine Institute (University of Alaska, Fairbanks), U.S. Minerals Management Service, U.S. Geological Survey, and Canadian Wildlife Service. Further financial and technical support was provided by the Sea Duck Joint Venture, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, North Slope Borough (NPRA Impact Funds from the State of Alaska), Inuktalik Wildlife Management Advisory Council, Polar Continental Shelf Project, U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Institute of Arctic Biology (University of Alaska, Fairbanks), and German Academic Exchange Service. We thank C. Monnett, J. Gleason, B. Anderson, P. Martin, T. Obritschkewitsch, C. Rea, A. Lazenby, L. McDaniel, J. Harth, D. Douglas, R. Suydam, D. Troy, J. Zelenak, P. Howey, and B. Griffith for their valuable input and technical assistance. For assistance with trapping ciders, we thank T. Bowman, E. Duran, L. Guildehaus, A. Prevel, K. Roby, H. Trefry, S. Trefry, J. Oliktiak, R. Acker, S. Backensto, C. Adler, R. Bentzen, C. Latty, A. Hoffmann, P. Inuktalik, and M. Knoche. We are grateful to L. Phillips, who initiated the work oil King Eider movements and collected data from 2002-2004. We also are grateful to veterinarians C. Scott, P. Tuomi, and M. Mitchell for performing the surgeries. The manuscript benefited from thoughtful comments by E. C. Murphy, R. H. Day, M. R. Petersen, and an anonymous reviewer. We thank E. Wilner for providing the Spanish translation of the abstract. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. All birds were handled under the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol #05-29 of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. NR 55 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 29 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2008 VL 110 IS 2 BP 296 EP 305 DI 10.1525/cond.2008.8502 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 343KJ UT WOS:000258851900010 ER PT J AU Sammler, JE Andersen, DE Skagen, SK AF Sammler, John E. Andersen, David E. Skagen, Susan K. TI Population trends of tundra-nesting birds at Cape Churchill, Manitoba, in relation to increasing goose populations SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Churchill; line transects; population; Snow Goose; trends; tundra-nesting birds ID LESSER SNOW GEESE; COASTAL MARSHES; ALOPEX-LAGOPUS; ARCTIC FOXES; HUDSON-BAY; ABUNDANCE; SALINITY; HABITS; GROWTH; COLONY AB To assess potential changes in tundra-nesting bird populations relative to increased herbivory by growing Lesser Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) and Ross's Goose (C. rossii) populations, we estimated avian population densities in coastal tundra near Cape Churchill, Manitoba, Canada in June 1984, 1999, and 2000. We also compared bird abundance in altered and intact freshwater sedge (Carex spp.) meadows to assess bird response at a smaller spatial scale, the habitat patch. At the landscape scale, Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) densities were significantly greater in both 1999 and 2000 than 1984, and Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) and Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) densities were greater in 2000 than 1984. As a group, tundra-nesting passerine densities were significantly greater in 1999 than 1984. Dunlin (Calidris alpina) densities were significantly lower in 1999 than 1984, and many larger, ground-nesting birds declined in abundance and occurrence along transects in later years. At the smaller spatial scale, passerines and shorebirds were less abundant in altered than intact freshwater sedge meadows. Our results indicate that most abundant breeding birds on the study area did not exhibit lower densities in later years despite increased effects of goose herbivory on vegetation. At the habitat patch scale, the same groups of species had lower abundances in altered versus largely intact habitats. Although goose herbivory can alter tundra vegetation and lead to lower abundance of several bird species, habitat alteration may have to be widespread and severe to elicit population declines over a large area. C1 [Sammler, John E.; Andersen, David E.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Skagen, Susan K.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Sammler, JE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 200 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dea@umn.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Missouri Department of Conservation; Arkansas Game and Fish Commission; Manitoba Conservation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Canadian Wildlife Service FX The U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Program, the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit provided funding for this research project. The Mississippi Flyway Council provided logistical support for this project through the operation of the Nestor One Research Camp at Cape Churchill, with funding and in-kind support for Nestor One provided by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, the Missouri Department of Conservation, the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, Manitoba Conservation, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Canadian Wildlife Service. D.H. Rusch (deceased) provided support for SKS at Nestor One and advice on placement of transects. R. Renkin, C. W. Boal, R. Holbrook, S. Maxson, and B. Pember assisted with data collection, and R. M. Zink, F. J. Cuthbert, C. W. Boal, J. Jehl, K. Abraham, and an anonymous reviewer read previous drafts of this manuscript and offered constructive suggestions for improvement. M. Gillespie and T. Kanikula provided logistical and administrative support that made this project possible. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 23 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2008 VL 110 IS 2 BP 325 EP 334 DI 10.1525/cond.2008.8438 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 343KJ UT WOS:000258851900013 ER PT J AU Matsuoka, SM Johnson, JA AF Matsuoka, Steven M. Johnson, James A. TI Using a multimodel approach to estimate the population size of McKay's Buntings SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Alaska; breeding density; distance estimation; McKay's Bunting; Plectrophenax hyperboreus; population size; St. Matthew and Hall Islands ID ST-MATTHEW-ISLAND; ALASKA; REINDEER; BIRDS AB We estimated the population size of McKay's Buntings (Plectrophenax hyperboreus) from surveys across their restricted breeding range on St. Matthew and Hall Islands, Alaska (326 km(2)). We used a multimodel approach to (1) estimate population size from counts with distance sampling, and (2) account for the effects of observers, habitat, flock size, and date on detectability. We counted 2400 buntings along 202 km of transects; most birds were in tundra (44%) or rocky uplands (46%). Breeding density was higher on Hall Island (154 +/- 20 [SE] birds km(-2)) than St. Matthew Island (93 +/- 7 birds km(-2)), possibly due to differences in habitat. Population size was 31 200 2000 birds (CI95% = 27 500-35 400 birds), 5-11 times greater than previously reported, but still small among North American passerines. Populations of this species should therefore be closely monitored and the focus of conservation. C1 [Matsuoka, Steven M.; Johnson, James A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Matsuoka, SM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, 1011 E Tudor Rd,Mail Stop 201, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM steve_matsuoka@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We are particularly grateful to D. R. Ruthrauff, M. N. Dementyev, and M. A. Litzow for sharing with its both their companionship in the field and their wealth of experience working in remote areas in Alaska. We sincerely thank D. R. Ruthrauff, R. E. Gill Jr., T. L. Tibbitts, and C. M. Handel for their assistance with survey design and logistics. We thank H. M. Renner, A. L. Sowls, G. V. Byrd, and the staff of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Alaska Maritime Refuge for supporting all aspects of this study. M. Orth and the crew of the M/V Rolfy and T. Smith, G. Ramos, and the crew of the R/V Alpha Helix graciously provided transportation and accommodations to and from St. Matthew Island, respectively. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Togiak National Wildlife Refuge provided accommodations while we were in transit to St. Matthew Island. C. Berg and A. L. Sowls provided information on the shipwreck on St. Matthew Island. We also thank A. L. Bontrager, D. S. Dobkin, R. L. Lanctot, H. M. Renner, W. L. Thompson, T. L. Tibbitts, and two anonymous reviewers for improving earlier drafts of this manuscript. This project was generously funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Migratory Bird Management, Region 7 and the U.S. Geological Survey's Alaska Science Center and Quick Response and Science Support programs. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2008 VL 110 IS 2 BP 371 EP 376 DI 10.1525/cond.2008.8492 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 343KJ UT WOS:000258851900019 ER PT J AU Wald, D Lin, KW Porter, K Turner, L AF Wald, David Lin, Kuo-Wan Porter, Keith Turner, Loren TI ShakeCast: Automating and improving the use of ShakeMap for post-earthquake decision-making and response SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB When a potentially damaging earthquake occurs, utility and other lifeline managers, emergency responders, and other critical users have an urgent need for information about the impact on their particular facilities so they can make appropriate decisions and take quick actions to ensure safety and restore system functionality. ShakeMap, a tool used to portray the extent of potentially damaging shaking following an earthquake, on its own can be useful for emergency response, loss estimation, and public information. However, to take full advantage of the potential of ShakeMap, we introduce ShakeCast. ShakeCast facilitates the complicated assessment of potential damage to a user's widely distributed facilities by comparing the complex shaking distribution with the potentially highly variable damageability of their inventory to provide a simple, hierarchical list and maps of structures or facilities most likely impacted. ShakeCast is a freely available, post-earthquake situational awareness application that automatically retrieves earthquake shaking data from ShakeMap, compares intensity measures against users' facilities, sends notifications of potential damage to responsible parties, and generates facility damage maps and other Web-based products for both public and private emergency managers and responders. C1 [Wald, David; Lin, Kuo-Wan] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Porter, Keith] Univ Colorado, Ctr Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Turner, Loren] Caltrans, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Wald, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAY PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 533 EP 553 DI 10.1193/1.2923924 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 323CF UT WOS:000257420900009 ER PT J AU Burns, DA Riva-Murray, K Bode, RW Passy, S AF Burns, Douglas A. Riva-Murray, Karen Bode, Robert W. Passy, Sophia TI Changes in stream chemistry and biology in response to reduced levels of acid deposition during 1987-2003 in the Neversink River Basin, Catskill Mountains SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE acid precipitation; aluminum; pH; fish; macroinvertebrates; diatoms; trends; recovery; Catskill Mountains ID NEW-YORK; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; FISH COMMUNITIES; SURFACE WATERS; ALPINE STREAMS; UNITED-STATES; ADIRONDACK; RECOVERY; DIATOM AB Atmospheric acid deposition has decreased in the northeastern United States since the 1970s, resulting in modest increases in pH, acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC), and decreases in inorganic monomeric aluminum (Al-IM) concentrations since stream chemistry monitoring began in the 1980s in the acid-sensitive upper Neversink River basin in the Catskill Mountains of New York. Stream pH has increased by 0.01 units/year during 1987-2003 at three sites in the Neversink basin as determined by Seasonal Kendall trend analysis. In light of this observed decrease in stream acidity, we sampled 12 stream sites within the Neversink River watershed for water chemistry, macroinvertebrates, fish, and periphytic diatoms in 2003 to compare with a similar data set collected in 1987. Metrics and indices that reflect sensitivity to stream acidity were developed with these biological data to determine whether changes in stream biota over the intervening 16 years parallel those of stream chemistry. Statistical comparisons of data on stream chemistry and an acid biological assessment profile (Acid BAP) derived from invertebrate data showed no significant differences between the two years. For pH and ANC, however, values in 2003 were generally lower than those in 1987; this difference likely resulted from higher streamflow in summer 2003. Despite these likely flow-induced changes in summer 2003, an ordination and cluster analysis of macroinvertebrate taxa based on the Acid BAP indicated that the most acidic sites in the upstream half of the East Branch Neversink River form a statistically significant separate cluster consistent with less acidic stream conditions. This analysis is consistent with limited recovery of invertebrate species in the most acidic reaches of the river, but will require additional improvement in stream chemistry before a stronger conclusion can be drawn. Data on the fish and periphytic diatom communities in 2003 indicate that slimy sculpin had not extended their habitat to upstream reaches that previously were devoid of this acid-intolerant species in 1987; a diatom acid-tolerance index indicates continued high-acid impact throughout most of the East Branch and headwaters of the West Branch Neversink River. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Burns, Douglas A.; Riva-Murray, Karen] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Bode, Robert W.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Passy, Sophia] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Burns, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM daburns@usgs.gov RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009 NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 8 IS 3 BP 191 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2007.01.003 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 255WK UT WOS:000252688600002 ER PT J AU Beissinger, SR Wunderle, JM Meyers, JM Saether, BE Engen, S AF Beissinger, Steven R. Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr. Meyers, J. Michael Saether, Bernt-Erik Engen, Steinar TI Anatomy of a bottleneck: Diagnosing factors limiting population growth in the Puerto Rican Parrot SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE Amazona vittata; conservation; demographic model; demography; endangered species hatching failure; extinction; hurricane effects; Luquillo Experimental Forest; population bottleneck; Puerto Rican Parrot; sensitivity analysis ID INBREEDING DEPRESSION; GENETIC-FACTORS; HURRICANE HUGO; ENVIRONMENTAL STOCHASTICITY; DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS; CONSERVATION GENETICS; DECLINING POPULATION; AMAZONA PARROTS; ISLAND ENDEMICS; SURVIVAL RATES AB The relative importance of genetic, demographic, environmental, and catastrophic processes that maintain population bottlenecks has received little consideration. We evaluate the role of these factors in maintaining the Puerto Rican Parrot (Amazona vittata) in a prolonged bottleneck from 1973 through 2000 despite intensive conservation efforts. We first conduct a risk analysis, then examine evidence for the importance of specific processes maintaining the bottleneck using the multiple competing hypotheses approach, and finally integrate these results through a sensitivity analysis of a demographic model using life-stage simulation analysis (LSA) to determine the relative importance of genetic, demographic, environmental, and catastrophic processes on population growth. Annual population growth has been slow and variable (1.0 +/- 5.2 parrots per year, or an average lambda = 1.05 +/- 0.19) from 16 parrots (1973) to a high of 40-42 birds (1997-1998). A risk analysis based on population prediction intervals (PPI) indicates great risk and large uncertainty, with a range of 22-83 birds in the 90% PPI only five years into the future. Four primary factors (reduced hatching success due to inbreeding, failure of adults to nest, nest failure due to nongenetic causes, and reduced survival of adults and juveniles) were responsible for maintaining the bottleneck. Egg-hatchability rates were low (70.6% per egg and 76.8% per pair), and hatchability increased after mate changes, suggesting inbreeding effects. Only an average of 34% of the population nested annually, which was well below the percentage of adults that should have reached an age of first breeding (41-56%). This chronic failure to nest appears to have been caused primarily by environmental and/or behavioral factors, and not by nest-site scarcity or a skewed sex ratio. Nest failure rates from nongenetic causes (i.e., predation, parasitism, and wet cavities) were low (29%) due to active management (protecting nests and fostering captive young into wild nests), diminishing the importance of nest failure as a limiting factor. Annual survival has been periodically reduced by catastrophes (hurricanes), which have greatly constrained population growth, but survival rates were high under non-catastrophic conditions. Although the importance of factors maintaining the Puerto Rican Parrot bottleneck varied throughout the 30-year period of study, we determined their long-term influence using LSA simulations to correlate variation in demographic rates with variation in population growth (lambda). The bottleneck appears to have been maintained primarily by periodic catastrophes (hurricanes) that reduced adult survival, and secondarily by environmental and/or behavioral factors that resulted in a failure of many adults to nest. The influence of inbreeding through reduced hatching success played a much less significant role, even when additional effects of inbreeding on the production and mortality of young were incorporated into the LSA. Management actions needed to speed recovery include (1) continued nest guarding to minimize the effects of nest failure due to nongenetic causes; (2) creating a second population at another location on the island-a process that was recently initiated-to reduce the chance that hurricane strikes will cause extinction; and (3) determining the causes of the low percentage of breeders in the population and ameliorating them, which would have a large impact on population growth. C1 [Beissinger, Steven R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr.] USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Sabana Field Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. [Meyers, J. Michael] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest & Nat Resources, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Saether, Bernt-Erik] Realfagsbygget Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Conservat Biol, Inst Biol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Engen, Steinar] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Conservat Biol, Inst Math & Sci, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. RP Beissinger, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM beis@nature.berkeley.edu RI Beissinger, Steven/F-3809-2012 NR 103 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 29 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 78 IS 2 BP 185 EP 203 DI 10.1890/07-0018.1 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 299AA UT WOS:000255727000003 ER PT J AU Winnie, JA Cross, P Getz, W AF Winnie, John A., Jr. Cross, Paul Getz, Wayne TI Habitat quality and heterogeneity influence distribution and behavior in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE African buffalo; behavior; distribution; forage heterogeneity; foraging; herd size; home range; hotspots; predation; Syncerus caffer ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; SOUTH-AFRICA; PREDATION; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; SERENGETI; PATTERNS; RISK; SIZE; AVAILABILITY AB Top-down effects of predators on prey behavior and population dynamics have been extensively studied. However, some populations of very large herbivores appear to be regulated primarily from the bottom up. Given the importance of food resources to these large herbivores, it is reasonable to expect that forage heterogeneity (variation in quality and quantity) affects individual and group behaviors as well as distribution on the landscape. Forage heterogeneity is often strongly driven by underlying soils, so substrate characteristics may indirectly drive herbivore behavior and distribution. Forage heterogeneity may further interact with predation risk to influence prey behavior and distribution. Here we examine differences in spatial distribution, home range size, and grouping behaviors of African buffalo as they relate to geologic substrate (granite and basalt) and variation in food quality and quantity. In this study, we use satellite imagery, forage quantity data, and three years of radio-tracking data to assess how forage quality, quantity, and heterogeneity affect the distribution and individual and herd behavior of African buffalo. We found that buffalo in an overall poorer foraging environment keyed-in on exceptionally high-quality areas, whereas those foraging in a more uniform, higher-quality area used areas of below-average quality. Buffalo foraging in the poorer-quality environment had smaller home range sizes, were in smaller groups, and tended to be farther from water sources than those foraging in the higher-quality environment. These differences may be due to buffalo creating or maintaining nutrient hotspots (small, high-quality foraging areas) in otherwise low-quality foraging areas, and the location of these hotspots may in part be determined by patterns of predation risk. C1 [Winnie, John A., Jr.; Cross, Paul] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cross, Paul] USGS, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Getz, Wayne] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Winnie, JA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jwinniejr@msn.com OI Getz, Wayne/0000-0001-8784-9354; Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 NR 58 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 35 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAY PY 2008 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1457 EP 1468 DI 10.1890/07-0772.1 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 304HS UT WOS:000256101200027 PM 18543637 ER PT J AU Camp, RJ Seavy, NE Gorresen, PM Reynolds, MH AF Camp, Richard J. Seavy, Nathaniel E. Gorresen, P. Marcos Reynolds, Michelle H. TI A statistical test to show negligible trend: Comment SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ECOLOGY C1 [Camp, Richard J.; Seavy, Nathaniel E.; Gorresen, P. Marcos] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit PACRC UH Hilo, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Camp, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit PACRC UH Hilo, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM rick_camp@usgs.gov OI Camp, Richard/0000-0001-7008-923X NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAY PY 2008 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1469 EP 1472 DI 10.1890/07-0462.1 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 304HS UT WOS:000256101200028 PM 18543638 ER PT J AU Hood, RW Kirchner, RE Earle, JI AF Hood, Robert W. Kirchner, Ralph E. Earle, Jane I. TI A NEW STATE RECORD OF ALLOCAPNIA SIMMONSI KONDRATIEFF AND VOSHELL (PLECOPTERA: CAPNIIDAE) FROM WEST VIRGINIA, USA, WITH ADDITIONAL RECORDS FROM PENNSYLVANIA AND VIRGINIA SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article ID STONEFLIES PLECOPTERA C1 [Hood, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kirchner, Ralph E.] Huntington Dist Corps Engn, Dept Army, Water Qual Sect, Apple Grove, WV 25502 USA. RP Hood, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 407, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rwhood@usgs.gov; Ralph.F.Kirchner@lrh01.usace.army.mil; JancEarle7@msn.com NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X EI 2162-3236 J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 119 IS 3 BP 303 EP 305 DI 10.3157/0013-872X(2008)119[303:ANSROA]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 394ZT UT WOS:000262492400017 ER PT J AU Boxall, GD Giannico, GR Li, HW AF Boxall, George D. Giannico, Guillermo R. Li, Hiram W. TI Landscape topography and the distribution of Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) in a high desert stream SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE hyporheic; geology; geography; habitat use; habitat selection ID SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; THERMAL HETEROGENEITY; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; SPAWNING HABITAT; WATER EXCHANGE; RIVER; GROUNDWATER; GROWTH; GEOMORPHOLOGY AB Lahontan cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi, are currently limited in their distribution to a patchwork of small isolated populations, the result of habitat degradation and natural variation in landscape and in-stream conditions. The objectives of this study were to determine if landscape topography influences trout distribution, and if water temperatures control this response. The work was carried out in a sub-basin of the Quinn River system, McDermitt Creek, which drains the sagebrush desert of southeastern Oregon and northern Nevada. Head-water tributaries of this creek consist of alternating canyon-confined and valley bounded reaches. Trout within these systems are challenged by low discharge and high temperatures during the summer, and anchor ice during the winter. Contiguous whole stream surveys were used to look at trout distribution during the summer of 2003 and spring and fall of 2004. Our results suggested that topography can affect trout distribution. Trout numbers were highest in areas with greater numbers of nick-points (the transition zones between less confined and more confined valley segments) and greater valley confinement. Additionally, in the downstream portion of our headwater reaches, more trout were found in nickpoints than expected based on the availability of this habitat type. Our data suggest that hyporheic inputs may be high in such areas, thus providing trout with shelter from warm water in the summer, anchor ice in the winter, and shallow stream depths during all seasons. Spatial occurrence of these areas of refugia can be taken into consideration when planning land use activities and restoration efforts. Further research is required to confirm that topography can affect the distribution of Lahontan cutthroat trout in other systems, and to better understand the mechanisms behind these patterns. C1 [Giannico, Guillermo R.; Li, Hiram W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey,Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Re, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Giannico, GR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey,Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Re, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM giannico@oregonstate.edu NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 1 BP 71 EP 84 DI 10.1007/s10641-007-9254-1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 303FD UT WOS:000256025500010 ER PT J AU Wieczorek, GF Leahy, PP AF Wieczorek, Gerald F. Leahy, P. Patrick TI Landslide hazard mitigation in North America SO ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE landslide; hazards; mitigation; United States ID RAINFALL AB Active landslides throughout the states and territories of the United States result in extensive property loss and 25-50 deaths per year. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has a long history of detailed examination of landslides since the work of Howe (1909) in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado. In the last four decades, landslide inventory maps and landslide hazard maps have depicted landslides of different ages, identified fresh landslide scarps, and indicated the direction of landslide movement for different regions of the states of Colorado, California, and Pennsylvania. Probability-based methods improve landslide hazards assessments. Rainstorms, earthquakes, wildfires, and volcanic eruptions can trigger landslides. Improvements in remote sensing of rainfall make it possible to issue landslide advisories and warnings for vulnerable areas. From 1986 to 1995, the USGS issued hazard warnings based on rainfall in the San Francisco Bay area. USGS workers also identified rainfall thresholds triggering landslides in Puerto Rico, Hawaii, Washington, and the Blue Ridge Mountains of central Virginia. Detailed onsite monitoring of landslides near highways in California and Colorado aided transportation officials. The USGS developed a comprehensive, multi-sector, and multi-agency strategy to mitigate landslide hazards nationwide. This study formed the foundation of the National Landslide Hazards Mitigation Strategy. The USGS, in partnership with the U.S. National Weather Service and the State of California, began to develop a real-time warning system for landslides from wildfires in Southern California as a pilot study in 2005. C1 [Wieczorek, Gerald F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Leahy, P. Patrick] Amer Geol Inst, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. RP Wieczorek, GF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1078-7275 J9 ENVIRON ENG GEOSCI JI Environ. Eng. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 14 IS 2 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.2113/gseegeosci.14.2.133 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 333DI UT WOS:000258132000006 ER PT J AU Mccoy, KJ Kozar, MD AF McCoy, Kurt J. Kozar, Mark D. TI Use of sinkhole and specific capacity distributions to assess vertical gradients in a karst aquifer SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE karst; groundwater; directional flow; sinkhole; specific capacity AB The carbonate-rock aquifer in the Great Valley, West Virginia, USA, was evaluated using a database of 687 sinkholes and 350 specific capacity tests to assess structural, lithologic, and topographic influences on the groundwater flow system. The enhanced permeability of the aquifer is characterized in part by the many sinkholes, springs, and solutionally enlarged fractures throughout the valley. Yet, vertical components of subsurface flow in this highly heterogeneous aquifer are currently not well understood. To address this problem, this study examines the apparent relation between geologic features of the aquifer and two spatial indices of enhanced permeability attributed to aquifer karstification: (1) the distribution of sinkholes and (2) the occurrence of wells with relatively high specific capacity. Statistical results indicate that sinkholes (funnel and collapse) occur primarily along cleavage and bedding planes parallel to subparallel to strike where lateral or downward vertical gradients are highest. Conversely, high specific capacity values are common along prominent joints perpendicular or oblique to strike. The similarity of the latter distribution to that of springs suggests these fractures are areas of upward-convergent flow. These differences between sinkhole and high specific capacity distributions suggest vertical flow components are primarily controlled by the orientation of geologic structure and associated subsurface fracturing. C1 [McCoy, Kurt J.; Kozar, Mark D.] USGS W Virginia Water Sci Ctr, Charleston, WV 25301 USA. RP Mccoy, KJ (reprint author), USGS W Virginia Water Sci Ctr, 11 Dunbar St, Charleston, WV 25301 USA. EM kjmccoy@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 54 IS 5 BP 921 EP 935 DI 10.1007/s00254-007-0889-1 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 290HE UT WOS:000255113100004 ER PT J AU Zahid, A Hassan, MQ Balke, KD Flegr, M Clark, DW AF Zahid, Anwar Hassan, M. Qumrul Balke, K. -D. Flegr, Matthias Clark, David W. TI Groundwater chemistry and occurrence of arsenic in the Meghna floodplain aquifer, southeastern Bangladesh SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE salinization; iron-oxyhydroxides; adsorption; paddy soil; arsenic mobility ID WEST-BENGAL; COASTAL-PLAIN; UNITED-STATES; ALLUVIAL AQUIFERS; GANGES DELTA; SOIL; WATER; CONTAMINATION; SEDIMENTS; MOBILIZATION AB Dissolved major ions and important heavy metals including total arsenic and iron were measured in groundwater from shallow (25-33 m) and deep (191-318 m) tube-wells in southeastern Bangladesh. These analyses are intended to help describe geochemical processes active in the aquifers and the source and release mechanism of arsenic in sediments for the Meghna Floodplain aquifer. The elevated Cl -and higher proportions of Na+ relative to Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ in groundwater suggest the influence by a source of Na+ and Cl-. Use of chemical fertilizers may cause higher concentrations of NH4+ and PO43-in shallow well samples. In general, most ions are positively correlated with Cl-, with Na+ showing an especially strong correlation with Cl-, indicating that these ions are derived from the same source of saline waters. The relationship between Cl-/HCO3-ratios and Cl- also shows mixing of fresh groundwater and seawater. Concentrations of dissolved HCO3-reflect the degree of water -rock interaction in groundwater systems and integrated microbial degradation of organic matter. Mn and Fe-oxyhydroxides are prominent in the clayey subsurface sediment and well known to be strong adsorbents of heavy metals including arsenic. All five shallow well samples had high arsenic concentration that exceeded WHO recommended limit for drinking water. Very low concentrations of SO42- and NO3- and high concentrations of dissolved Fe and PO43- and NH4+ ions support the reducing condition of subsurface aquifer. Arsenic concentrations demonstrate negative co-relation with the concentrations of SO42- and NO3- but correlate weakly with Mo, Fe concentrations and positively with those of P, PO43- and NH4+ ions. C1 [Zahid, Anwar] Bangladesh Water Dev Board, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Zahid, Anwar; Hassan, M. Qumrul] Univ Dhaka, Dept Geol, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [Balke, K. -D.; Flegr, Matthias] Univ Tubingen, Inst Geol & Palaeontol, Tubingen, Germany. [Clark, David W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Drilling Co, Ground Water Res Program, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates. RP Zahid, A (reprint author), Bangladesh Water Dev Board, Dhaka, Bangladesh. EM anwarzahid_b@yahoo.com NR 90 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1247 EP 1260 DI 10.1007/s00254-007-0907-3 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 299HC UT WOS:000255745700013 ER PT J AU Reinert, TR Peterson, JT AF Reinert, Thomas R. Peterson, James T. TI Modeling the effects of potential salinity shifts on the recovery of striped bass in the Savannah River estuary, Georgia-South Carolina, United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian belief network; decision analysis; early life history survival; Morone saxatilis; salinity; striped bass ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; TURBIDITY MAXIMUM; MORONE-SAXATILIS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; DECISION-ANALYSIS; POPULATION; RECRUITMENT; MANAGEMENT; LARVAE; EGGS AB Increased salinity in spawning and nursery grounds in the Savannah River estuary was cited as the primary cause of a 97% decrease in adult striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and a concomitant 96% decrease in striped bass egg production. Restoration efforts focused on environmental remediation and stock enhancement have resulted in restored salinity patterns and increased egg and adult abundances. However, future water needs or harbor development may preclude further recovery by reducing freshwater inflow or increasing salinity intrusion. To assess the effect of potential changes in the salinity regime, we developed models relating discharge, tidal phase, and salinity to striped bass egg and early larval survival and re-cast these in a quantitative Bayesian belief network. The model indicated that a small upstream shift (<= 1.67 km) in the salinity regime would have the least impact on striped bass early life history survival, whereas shifts > 1.67 km would have progressively larger impacts, with a 8.33-km shift potentially reducing our estimated survival probability by > 28%. Such an impact could have cumulative and long-term detrimental effects on the recovery of the Savannah River striped bass population. The available salinity data were collected during average and low flows, so our model represents some typical and some extreme conditions during a striped bass spawning season. Our model is a relatively simplistic, "first-order" attempt at evaluating potential effects of changes in the Savannah River estuarine salinity regime and points to areas of concern and potential future research. C1 [Reinert, Thomas R.] Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA USA. [Peterson, James T.] US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Discipline, Athens, GA USA. RP Reinert, TR (reprint author), Tequesta Field Lab, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Tequesta, FL USA. EM tom.reinert@myfwc.com NR 43 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 41 IS 5 BP 753 EP 765 DI 10.1007/s00267-008-9082-x PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 290HF UT WOS:000255113200012 PM 18293031 ER PT J AU Kent, DB Davis, JA Joye, JL Curtis, GP AF Kent, D. B. Davis, J. A. Joye, J. L. Curtis, G. P. TI Influence of variable chemical conditions on EDTA-enhanced transport of metal ions in mildly acidic groundwater SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE lead; nickel; zinc; EDTA; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; adsorption; surface complexation model; reactive transport; groundwater; transport modeling; ferrihydrite; goethite; mineral dissolution; Cape Cod sediments ID REACTIVE TRACER TEST; GRAVEL AQUIFER; RIVER WATER; CAPE-COD; SAND; ADSORPTION; COMPLEXES; INFILTRATION; MASSACHUSETTS; DISSOLUTION AB Adsorption of Ni and Pb on aquifer sediments from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA increased with increasing pH and metal-ion concentration. Adsorption could be described quantitatively using a semi-mechanistic surface complexation model (SCM), in which adsorption is described using chemical reactions between metal ions and adsorption sites. Equilibrium reactive transport simulations incorporating the SCMs, formation of metal-ion-EDTA complexes, and either Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide solubility or Zn desorption from sediments identified important factors responsible for trends observed during transport experiments conducted with EDTA complexes of Ni, Zn, and Pb in the Cape Cod aquifer. Dissociation of Pb-EDTA by Fe(III) is more favorable than Ni-EDTA because of differences in Ni- and Pb-adsorption to the sediments. Dissociation of Ni-EDTA becomes more favorable with decreasing Ni-EDTA concentration and decreasing pH. In contrast to Ni. Pb-EDTA can be dissociated by Zn desorbed from the aquifer sediments. Variability in adsorbed Zn concentrations has a large impact on Pb-EDTA dissociation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kent, D. B.; Davis, J. A.; Joye, J. L.; Curtis, G. P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kent, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dbkent@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 153 IS 1 BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.11.022 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300JE UT WOS:000255819300007 PM 18178297 ER PT J AU Stubbins, A Hubbard, V Uher, G Law, CS Upstill-Goddard, RC Aiken, GR Mopper, K AF Stubbins, Aron Hubbard, Vesper Uher, Guenther Law, Cliff S. Upstill-Goddard, Robert C. Aiken, George R. Mopper, Kenneth TI Relating carbon monoxide photoproduction to dissolved organic matter functionality SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; APPARENT QUANTUM YIELD; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; NATURAL-WATERS; FULVIC-ACIDS; UPPER OCEAN; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; CYCLE; CO; PHOTODEGRADATION AB Aqueous solutions of humic substances (HSs) and pure monomeric aromatics were irradiated to investigate the chemical controls upon carbon monoxide (CO) photoproduction from dissolved organic matter (DOM). HSs were isolated from lakes, rivers, marsh, and ocean. Inclusion of humic,fulvic, hydrophobic organic, and hydrophilic organic acid fractions from these environments provided samples diverse in source and isolation protocol. In spite of these major differences, HS absorption coefficients (a) and photo re activities (a bleaching and CO production) were strongly dependent upon HS aromaticity (r(2) > 0.90; n = 11), implying aromatic moieties are the principal chromophores and photoreactants within HSs, and by extension, DOM. Carbonyl carbon and CO photoproduction were not correlated, implying that carbonyl moieties are not quantitatively important in CO photo production. CO photoproduction efficiency of aqueous solutions of monomeric aromatic compounds that are common constituents of organic matter varied with the nature of ring substituents. Specifically, electron donating groups increased, while electron withdrawing groups decreased CO photoproductivity, supporting our conclusion that carbonyl substituents are not quantitatively important in CO photo production. Significantly, aromatic CO photoproduction efficiency spanned 3 orders of magnitude, indicating that variations in the CO apparent quantum yields of natural DOM may be related to variations in aromatic DOM substituent group chemistry. C1 [Stubbins, Aron; Hubbard, Vesper; Mopper, Kenneth] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Stubbins, Aron; Uher, Guenther; Upstill-Goddard, Robert C.] Newcastle Univ, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Stubbins, Aron; Law, Cliff S.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Law, Cliff S.] NIWA, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Stubbins, A (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM aron.stubbins@gmail.com RI Aron, Stubbins/M-8801-2014 OI Aron, Stubbins/0000-0002-3994-1946 NR 58 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 9 BP 3271 EP 3276 DI 10.1021/es703014q PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 294ZF UT WOS:000255444100030 PM 18522105 ER PT J AU Vajda, AM Barber, LB Gray, JL Lopez, EM Woodling, JD Norris, DO AF Vajda, Alan M. Barber, Larry B. Gray, James L. Lopez, Elena M. Woodling, John D. Norris, David O. TI Reproductive disruption in fish downstream from an Estrogenic wastewater effluent SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; E-SCREEN ASSAY; IN-VITRO; CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; SEWAGE EFFLUENT; SURFACE-WATER; WHITE SUCKER; CHEMICALS; NONYLPHENOL AB To assess the impact of an estrogenic wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent on fish reproduction, white suckers (Catostomus commersom) were collected from immediately upstream and downstream (effluent site) of the city of Boulder, CO, WWTP outfall. Gonadal intersex, altered sex ratios, reduced gonad size, disrupted ovarian and testicular histopathology, and vitellogenin induction consistent with exposure to estrogenic wastewater contaminants were identified in white suckers downstream from the WWTP outfall and not at the upstream site. The sex ratio was female-biased at the effluent site in both the fall of 2003 and the spring of 2004; the frequency of males at the effluent site (17-21%) was half that of the upstream site (36-46%). Intersex white suckers comprised 18-22% of the population at the effluent site. Intersex fish were not found at the upstream site. Chemical analyses determined that the WWTP effluent contained a complex mixture of endocrine-active chemicals, including 17 ss-estradiol (E-2) 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol, alkylphenols, and bisphenol A resulting in an estimated total estrogen equivalence of up to 31 ng E-2 L-1. These results indicate that the reproductive potential of native fishes may be compromised in wastewaterdominated streams. C1 [Vajda, Alan M.; Lopez, Elena M.; Woodling, John D.; Norris, David O.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Physiol, UCb 354, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Barber, Larry B.; Gray, James L.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Vajda, AM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Physiol, UCb 354, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM alan.vajda@colorado.edu RI Gray, James/I-8136-2012 NR 56 TC 197 Z9 209 U1 12 U2 106 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 9 BP 3407 EP 3414 DI 10.1021/es0720661 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 294ZF UT WOS:000255444100051 PM 18522126 ER PT J AU Wang, N Erickson, RJ Ingersoll, CG Ivey, CD Brunson, EL Augspurger, T Barnhart, MC AF Wang, Ning Erickson, Russell J. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Ivey, Christopher D. Brunson, Eric L. Augspurger, Tom Barnhart, M. Christopher TI Influence of pH on the acute toxicity of ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE juvenile mussels; unionidae; ammonia; pH; water quality criteria ID LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS; SEDIMENT TOXICITY; HYALELLA-AZTECA; UNIONIDAE; GLOCHIDIA; QUALITY; COPPER; TESTS AB The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of pH on the toxicity of ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels. Acute 96-h ammonia toxicity tests were conducted with 10-d-old juvenile mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) at five pH levels ranging from 6.5 to 9.0 in flow-through diluter systems at 20 degrees C. Acute 48-h tests with amphipods (Hyaletta azteca) and 96-h tests with oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus) were conducted concurrently under the same test conditions to determine the sensitivity of mussels relative to these two commonly tested benthic invertebrate species. During the exposure, pH levels were maintained within 0.1 of a pH unit and ammonia concentrations were relatively constant through time (coefficient of variation for ammonia concentrations ranged from 2 to 30% with a median value of 7.9%). The median effective concentrations (EC50s) of total ammonia nitrogen (N) for mussels were at least two to six times lower than the EC50s for amphipods and oligochaetes, and the EC50s for mussels decreased with increasing pH and ranged from 88 mg N/L at pH 6.6 to 0.96 mg N/L at pH 9.0. The EC50s for mussels were at or below the final acute values used to derive the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's acute water quality criterion (WQC). However, the quantitative relationship between pH and ammonia toxicity to juvenile mussels was similar to the average relationship for other taxa reported in the WQC. These results indicate that including mussel toxicity data in a revision to the WQC would lower the acute criterion but not change the WQC mathematical representation of the relative effect of pH on ammonia toxicity. C1 [Wang, Ning; Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Ivey, Christopher D.; Brunson, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Erickson, Russell J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Augspurger, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. [Barnhart, M. Christopher] Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. RP Wang, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 N Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM nwang@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 21 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1141 EP 1146 DI 10.1897/07-193.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 289OL UT WOS:000255063700017 PM 18419178 ER PT J AU Mincher, BJ Ball, RD Houghton, TP Mionczynski, J Hnilicka, PA AF Mincher, B. J. Ball, R. D. Houghton, T. P. Mionczynski, J. Hnilicka, P. A. TI Some aspects of geophagia in Wyoming bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE animal nutrition; selenium; mineral licks; sodium ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; MOUNTAIN GOAT; MINERAL LICKS; SODIUM AB Geophagia has been commonly reported for bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and other ungulates worldwide. The phenomenon is often attributed to the need to supplement animal diets with minerals available in the soil at mineral lick locations. Sodium is the mineral most frequently cited as being the specific component sought, although this has not been found universally. In this study area, bighorn sheep left normal summer-range to make bimonthly 26-km, 2,000-m-elevation round-trip migrations, the apparent purpose of which was to visit mineral licks on normal winter-range. Lick soil and normal summer-range soil were sampled for their available mineral content and summer-range forage was sampled for total mineral content, and comparisons were made to determine the specific components sought at the lick by bighorn sheep consuming soil. It was concluded that bighorn sheep were attracted to the lick by a desire for sodium but that geophagia also supplemented a diet deficient in the trace element selenium. Where sheep are denied access to licks, populations may be limited by mineral deficiency. C1 [Mincher, B. J.; Ball, R. D.; Houghton, T. P.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Mionczynski, J.] Wildlife Consultant, Atlantic City, WY 82520 USA. [Hnilicka, P. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lander, WY 82520 USA. RP Mincher, BJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM bruce.mincher@inl.gov RI Ball, Richard/B-8150-2017; Mincher, Bruce/C-7758-2017 OI Ball, Richard/0000-0002-4798-6044; NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-4642 J9 EUR J WILDLIFE RES JI Eur. J. Wildl. Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.1007/s10344-007-0128-9 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 289ZB UT WOS:000255091300005 ER PT J AU Williams, JG Zabel, RW Waples, RS Hutchings, JA Connor, WP AF Williams, John G. Zabel, Richard W. Waples, Robin S. Hutchings, Jeffrey A. Connor, William P. TI Potential for anthropogenic disturbances to influence evolutionary change in the life history of a threatened salmonid SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE anthropongenic disturbance; evolutionary change; life-history change; salmonid ID FALL CHINOOK SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SNAKE RIVER; ATLANTIC SALMON; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; POPULATIONS; GROWTH; WILD; DIVERGENCE AB Although evolutionary change within most species is thought to occur slowly, recent studies have identified cases where evolutionary change has apparently occurred over a few generations. Anthropogenically altered environments appear particularly open to rapid evolutionary change over comparatively short time scales. Here, we consider a Pacific salmon population that may have experienced life-history evolution, in response to habitat alteration, within a few generations. Historically, juvenile fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Snake River migrated as subyearlings to the ocean. With changed riverine conditions that resulted from hydropower dam construction, some juveniles now migrate as yearlings, but more interestingly, the yearling migration tactic has made a large contribution to adult returns over the last decade. Optimal life-history models suggest that yearling juvenile migrants currently have a higher fitness than subyearling migrants. Although phenotypic plasticity likely accounts for some of the change in migration tactics, we suggest that evolution also plays a significant role. Evolutionary change prompted by anthropogenic alterations to the environment has general implications for the recovery of endangered species. The case study we present herein illustrates the importance of integrating evolutionary considerations into conservation planning for species at risk. C1 [Williams, John G.; Zabel, Richard W.; Waples, Robin S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hutchings, Jeffrey A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Connor, William P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fisheries Resource Off, Ahsahka, ID USA. RP Williams, JG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM John.G.Williams@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 73 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 271 EP 285 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00027.x PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 399EP UT WOS:000262783500007 PM 25567631 ER PT J AU McClure, MM Utter, FM Baldwin, C Carmichael, RW Hassemer, PF Howell, PJ Spruell, P Cooney, TD Schaller, HA Petrosky, CE AF McClure, Michelle M. Utter, Fred M. Baldwin, Casey Carmichael, Richard W. Hassemer, Peter F. Howell, Philip J. Spruell, Paul Cooney, Thomas D. Schaller, Howard A. Petrosky, Charles E. TI Evolutionary effects of alternative artificial propagation programs: implications for viability of endangered anadromous salmonids SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE Chinook salmon; conservation; domestication; hatchery; homogenization; Pacific salmon; recovery ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; COLUMBIA-RIVER; PACIFIC SALMON; CAPTIVE POPULATIONS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; STEELHEAD TROUT; HATCHERY; CONSERVATION; WILD AB Most hatchery programs for anadromous salmonids have been initiated to increase the numbers of fish for harvest, to mitigate for habitat losses, or to increase abundance in populations at low abundance. However, the manner in which these programs are implemented can have significant impacts on the evolutionary trajectory and long-term viability of populations. In this paper, we review the potential benefits and risks of hatchery programs relative to the conservation of species listed under the US Endangered Species Act. To illustrate, we present the range of potential effects within a population as well as among populations of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) where changes to major hatchery programs are being considered. We apply evolutionary considerations emerging from these examples to suggest broader principles for hatchery uses that are consistent with conservation goals. We conclude that because of the evolutionary risks posed by artificial propagation programs, they should not be viewed as a substitute for addressing other limiting factors that prevent achieving viability. At the population level, artificial propagation programs that are implemented as a short-term approach to avoid imminent extinction are more likely to achieve long-term population viability than approaches that rely on long-term supplementation. In addition, artificial propagation programs can have out-of-population impacts that should be considered in conservation planning. C1 [McClure, Michelle M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98110 USA. [Utter, Fred M.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Baldwin, Casey] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wenatchee, WA USA. [Carmichael, Richard W.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR USA. [Hassemer, Peter F.; Petrosky, Charles E.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Boise, ID USA. [Howell, Philip J.] US Forest Serv, La Grande, OR USA. [Spruell, Paul] So Utah Univ, Cedar City, UT USA. [Schaller, Howard A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vancouver, WA USA. RP McClure, MM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98110 USA. EM michelle.mcclure@noaa.gov RI McClure, Michelle/O-7853-2015 OI McClure, Michelle/0000-0003-4791-8719 NR 103 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 356 EP 375 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00034.x PG 20 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 399EP UT WOS:000262783500013 PM 25567637 ER PT J AU Goddard, CI Leonard, NJ Stang, DL Wingate, PJ Rattner, BA Franson, JC Sheffield, SR AF Goddard, Chris I. Leonard, Nancy J. Stang, Doug L. Wingate, P. Jack Rattner, Barnett A. Franson, J. Christian Sheffield, Steven R. TI Management concerns about known and potential impacts of lead use in shooting and in fishing activities SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ALLIGATORS ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; FOREIGN-BODY INGESTION; COMMON LOONS; CALIFORNIA CONDOR; NEW-ENGLAND; SHOT; TACKLE; BIRDS; AMMUNITION; CHILDREN AB We present a summary of the technical review, jointly requested by the American Fisheries Society and The Wildlife Society, addressing the hazards to wildlife resulting from lead objects or fragments introduced into aquatic and terrestrial environments from the use of ammunition and fishing tackle. Impacts from lead are well documented in humans, as well as in terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Concern about impacts from lead ammunition and fishing tackle has resulted in the development of non-lead alternatives, educational campaigns, and regulations to restrict their use. This article discusses the general biological impacts of lead exposure from fishing and shooting activities to fish, wildlife, and humans; summarizes existing and proposed regulations to reduce lead exposure to biota; reviews alternatives to lead materials that are currently available for fishing; and outlines options for further actions to reduce wildlife and human exposure to lead from fishing activities. C1 [Goddard, Chris I.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Leonard, Nancy J.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Stang, Doug L.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Bur Fisheries, Albany, NY USA. [Rattner, Barnett A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Franson, J. Christian] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Sheffield, Steven R.] Bowie State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Bowie, MD USA. [Sheffield, Steven R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Natl Capital Reg No Virginia Ctr, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Goddard, CI (reprint author), Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI USA. EM cgoddard@glfc.org OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238 NR 52 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 26 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAY PY 2008 VL 33 IS 5 BP 228 EP + DI 10.1577/1548-8446-33.5.228 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 316OS UT WOS:000256960200007 ER PT J AU Schilling, EG Loftin, CS Degoosh, KE Huryn, AD Webster, KE AF Schilling, Emily Gaenzle Loftin, Cynthia S. Degoosh, Katie E. Huryn, Alexander D. Webster, Katherine E. TI Predicting the locations of naturally fishless lakes SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; fishless lakes; geographic information systems; introduced species; predictive spatial model ID YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; MOUNTAIN LAKES; USA LAKES; FOOD-WEB; INTRODUCTIONS; ASSEMBLAGES; POPULATIONS; TROUT; RESTORATION; PERSPECTIVE AB 1. Fish have been introduced into many previously fishless lakes throughout North America over the past 100+ years. It is difficult to determine the historical distribution of fishless lakes, however, because these introductions have not always been well-documented. 2. Due to its glacial history and low human population density, the state of Maine (U.S.A.) may host the greatest number of naturally fishless lakes in the northeastern United States. However, less than one-quarter of Maine's 6000+ lakes have been surveyed for fish presence, and no accurate assessments of either the historical or current abundance and distribution of fishless lakes exist. 3. We developed methods to assess the abundance and distribution of Maine's naturally fishless lakes (0.6-10.1 ha). We hypothesized that the historical distribution of fishless lakes across a landscape is controlled by geomorphic and geographic conditions. 4. We used ArcGIS to identify landscape-scale geomorphic and geographic factors (e.g. connectivity, surrounding slope) correlated with fish absence in two geomorphic regions of Maine - the western and interior mountains and the eastern lowlands and foothills. By using readily available geographic information systems data our method was not limited to field-visited sites. We estimated the likelihood that a particular lake is fishless with a stepwise logistic regression model developed for each region. 5. The absence of fish from western lakes is related to altitude (+), minimum percent slope in the 500 m buffer (+), maximum percent slope in the 500 m buffer (+) and percent cover of herbaceous-emergent wetland in 1000 m buffer (-). The absence of fish from eastern lakes is related to the lack of a stream within 50 m of the lake. 6. The models predict that a total of 4% (131) of study lakes in the two regions were historically fishless, with the eastern region hosting a greater proportion than the western region. 7. We verified the model predictions with two complementary approaches. First we visited 21 lakes predicted to be fishless and assessed current fish presence with gillnetting. Second, we used paleolimnological techniques based on the abundance of Chaoborus americanus mandibles in the bottom segments of sediment cores. Fifteen of the 21 lakes predicted to be fishless currently contain fish. Paleolimnological evidence, however, suggests that nine of the 15 lakes were historically fishless and thus were subject to undocumented fish introductions. 8. Our approach efficiently predicts the distribution Maine's naturally fishless lakes, and our results indicate that these habitats have declined due to fish introductions. Our method could be applied to other regions with similar geographic and geomorphic constraints on fish distributions as a tool to enhance conservation of a limited resource that provides habitat for unique biological communities. C1 [Schilling, Emily Gaenzle] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Loftin, Cynthia S.] Univ Maine, USGS Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Degoosh, Katie E.] RI Dept Environm Management, New England Interstate Water Pollut Control Commi, Providence, RI USA. [Huryn, Alexander D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. [Webster, Katherine E.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Schilling, EG (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM emily.schilling@umit.maine.edu OI Webster, Katherine/0000-0002-6009-0146 NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1021 EP 1035 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01949.x PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 285XB UT WOS:000254808400016 ER PT J AU Porter, SD Mueller, DK Spahr, NE Munn, MD Dubrovsky, NM AF Porter, Stephen D. Mueller, David K. Spahr, Norman E. Munn, Mark D. Dubrovsky, Neil M. TI Efficacy of algal metrics for assessing nutrient and organic enrichment in flowing waters SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE land use; metrics; National Water-Quality Assessment; nutrients; periphyton ID RIVER CONTINUUM CONCEPT; GROWTH-RATE RESPONSES; BOTTOM-UP CONTROL; BENTHIC ALGAE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LAND-USE; MONITORING EUTROPHICATION; PERIPHYTIC DIATOMS; TROPHIC STATE; NEW-ZEALAND AB 1. Algal-community metrics were calculated for periphyton samples collected from 976 streams and rivers by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Programme during 1993-2001 to evaluate national and regional relations with water chemistry and to compare whether algal-metric values differ significantly among undeveloped and developed land-use classifications. 2. Algal metrics with significant positive correlations with nutrient concentrations included indicators of trophic condition, organic enrichment, salinity, motility and taxa richness. The relative abundance of nitrogen-fixing algae was negatively correlated with nitrogen concentrations, and the abundance of diatom species associated with high dissolved oxygen concentrations was negatively correlated with both nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Median algal-metric values and nutrient concentrations were significantly lower at undeveloped sites than those draining agricultural or urban catchments. 3. Total algal biovolume did not differ significantly among major river catchments or land-use classifications, and was only weakly correlated with nitrate (positive) and suspended-sediment (negative) concentrations. Estimates of periphyton chlorophyll a indicated an oligotrophic-mesotrophic boundary of about 21 mg m(-2) and a mesotrophic-eutrophic boundary of about 55 mg m(-2) based on upper and lower quartiles of the biovolume data distribution. 4. Although algal species tolerance to nutrient and organic enrichment is well documented, additional taxonomic and autecological research on sensitive, endemic algal species would further enhance water-quality assessments. C1 [Porter, Stephen D.; Mueller, David K.; Spahr, Norman E.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Munn, Mark D.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Tacoma, WA USA. [Dubrovsky, Neil M.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Porter, SD (reprint author), SW Texas State Univ, Edwards Aquifer Res & Data Ctr, 248 Freeman Aquat Bldg, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM sp31@txstate.edu NR 101 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 7 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1036 EP 1054 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01951.x PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 285XB UT WOS:000254808400017 ER PT J AU Yada, T Hyodo, S Schreck, CB AF Yada, Takashi Hyodo, Susumu Schreck, Carl B. TI Effects of seawater acclimation on mRNA levels of corticosteroid receptor genes in osmoregulatory and immune systems in trout SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE salinity; immune system; cortisol; receptor; trout ID TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; GROWTH-HORMONE; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COHO SALMON; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTORS; ATLANTIC SALMON; BINDING DOMAIN; TELEOST FISH AB Influence of environmental salinity on expression of distinct corticosteroid receptor (CR) genes, glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-1 and -2 and mineralcorticoid receptor (MR), was examined in osmoregulatory and hemopoietic organs and leucocytes of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). There was no significant difference in plasma cortisol levels between freshwater (FW)- or seawater (SW)-acclimated trout, whereas Na+, K+-ATPase was activated in gill of SW fish. Plasma lysozyme levels also showed a significant increase after acclimation to SW. In SW-acclimated fish, mRNA levels of GR-1, GR-2, and MR were significantly higher in gill and body kidney than those in FW. Head kidney and spleen showed no significant change in these CR mRNA levels after SW-acclimation. On the other hand, leucocytes isolated from head kidney and peripheral blood showed significant decreases in mRNA levels of CR in SW-acclimated fish. These results showed differential regulation of gene expression of CR between osmoregulatory and immune systems. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yada, Takashi] Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Freshwater Fisheries Res Div, Nikko, Tochigi 3211661, Japan. [Hyodo, Susumu] Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Tokyo 1648639, Japan. [Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Yada, T (reprint author), Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Freshwater Fisheries Res Div, 2482-3 Chugushi, Nikko, Tochigi 3211661, Japan. EM yadat@fra.affrc.go.jp NR 40 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 156 IS 3 BP 622 EP 627 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.02.009 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 299QU UT WOS:000255770900024 PM 18359026 ER PT J AU Rojstaczer, SA Ingebritsen, SE Hayba, DO AF Rojstaczer, S. A. Ingebritsen, S. E. Hayba, D. O. TI Permeability of continental crust influenced by internal and external forcing SO GEOFLUIDS LA English DT Article DE geothermal; groundwater; metamorphic; numerical modeling; permeability ID FLUID-FLOW; REGIONAL METAMORPHISM; EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCE; CONTACT-METAMORPHISM; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; UNITED-STATES; SEISMICITY; MODEL; CRYSTALLINE; SYSTEMS AB The permeability of continental crust is so highly variable that it is often considered to defy systematic characterization. However, despite this variability, some order has been gleaned from globally compiled data. What accounts for the apparent coherence of mean permeability in the continental crust (and permeability-depth relations) on a very large scale? Here we argue that large-scale crustal permeability adjusts to accommodate rates of internal and external forcing. In the deeper crust, internal forcing - fluxes induced by metamorphism, magmatism, and mantle degassing - is dominant, whereas in the shallow crust, external forcing - the vigor of the hydrologic cycle - is a primary control. Crustal petrologists have long recognized the likelihood of a causal relation between fluid flux and permeability in the deep, ductile crust, where fluid pressures are typically near-lithostatic. It is less obvious that such a relation should pertain in the relatively cool, brittle upper crust, where near-hydrostatic fluid pressures are the norm. We use first-order calculations and numerical modeling to explore the hypothesis that upper-crustal permeability is influenced by the magnitude of external fluid sources, much as lower-crustal permeability is influenced by the magnitude of internal fluid sources. We compare model-generated permeability structures with various observations of crustal permeability. C1 [Ingebritsen, S. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hayba, D. O.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Rojstaczer, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM seingebr@usgs.gov NR 70 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-8115 J9 GEOFLUIDS JI Geofluids PD MAY PY 2008 VL 8 IS 2 BP 128 EP 139 DI 10.1111/j.1468-8123.2008.00211.x PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA 304HE UT WOS:000256099800005 ER PT J AU Stock, JD Schmidt, KM Miller, DM AF Stock, Jonathan D. Schmidt, Kevin M. Miller, David M. TI Controls on alluvial fan long-profiles SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE alluvial fan; long-profile; Mojave Desert; sediment transport ID DEBRIS-FLOW DEPOSITS; DEATH-VALLEY; SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES; TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; CLIMATIC INFLUENCE; LUMINESCENCE AGES; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; WHITE MOUNTAINS; UNITED-STATES; MOJAVE DESERT AB Water and debris flows exiting confined valleys have a tendency to deposit sediment on steep fans. On alluvial fans where water transport of gravel predominates, channel slopes tend to decrease downfan from similar to 0.10-0.04 to similar to 0.01 across wide ranges of climate and tectonism. Some have argued that this pattern reflects grain-size fining downfan such that higher threshold slopes are required just to entrain coarser particles in the waters of the upper fan, whereas lower slopes are required to entrain finer grains downfan (threshold hypothesis). An older hypothesis is that slope is adjusted to transport the supplied sediment load, which decreases downfan as deposition occurs (transport hypothesis). We have begun to test these hypotheses for alluvial fan long-profiles using detailed hydraulic and particle-size data in sediment transport models. On four alluvial fans in the western U.S., we find that channel hydraulic radiiare largely 0.54.9 m at fan heads, decreasing to 0.1-0.2 m at distal margins. We find that median gravel diameter does not change systematically along the upper 60%-80% of active fan channels as slope declines, so downstream gravel fining cannot explain most of the observed channel slope reduction. However, as slope declines, channel-bed sand cover increases systematically downfan from areal fractions of <20% above fan heads to distal fan values in excess of 70%. As a result, entrainment thresholds for bed material might decrease systematically downfan, leading to lower slopes. However, current models of this effect alone tend to underpredict downfan slope changes. This is likely due to off-channel gravel deposition. Calculations that match observed fan long-profiles require an exponential decline in gravel transport rate, so that on some fans approximately half of the load must be deposited off channel every similar to 0.20-1.4 km downfan. This leads us to hypothesize that some alluvial fan long-profiles are statements about the rate of overbank deposition of coarse particles downfan, a process for which there is currently no mechanistic theory. C1 [Stock, Jonathan D.; Schmidt, Kevin M.; Miller, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stock, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jstock@usgs.gov NR 121 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 120 IS 5-6 BP 619 EP + DI 10.1130/B26208.1 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 300UJ UT WOS:000255850400008 ER PT J AU Hudson, MR Grauch, VJS Minor, SA AF Hudson, Mark R. Grauch, V. J. S. Minor, Scott A. TI Rock magnetic characterization of faulted sediments with associated magnetic anomalies in the Albuquerque Basin, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE rock magnetism; magnetic anomaly; Rio Grande rift; faulting; New Mexico ID JURASSIC PREUSS SANDSTONE; THRUST BELT AB Variations in rock magnetic properties are responsible for the many linear, short-wavelength, low-amplitude magnetic anomalies that are spatially associated with faults that cut Neogene basin sediments in the Rio Grande rift, including the San Ysidro normal fault, which is well exposed in the northern part of the Albuquerque Basin. Magnetic-susceptibility measurements from 310 sites distributed through a 1200-m-thick composite section of rift-filling sediments of the Santa Fe Group and prerift Eocene and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks document large variations of magnetic properties juxtaposed by the San Ysidro fault. Mean volume magnetic susceptibilities generally increase upsection through eight map units: from 1.7 to 2.2E-4 in the prerift Eocene and Cretaceous rocks to 9.9E-4-1.2E-3 in three members of the Miocene Zia Formation of the Santa Fe Group to 1.5E-3-3.5E-3 in three members of the Miocene-Pleistocene Arroyo Ojito Formation of the Santa Fe Group. Rock magnetic measurements and petrography indicate that the amount of detrital magnetite and its variable oxidation to maghemite and hematite within the Santa Fe Group sediments are the predominant controls of their magnetic property variations. Magnetic susceptibility increases progressively with sediment grain size within the members of the Arroyo Ojito Formation (deposited in fluvial environments) but within members of the Zia Formation (deposited in mostly eolian environments) reaches highest values in fine to medium sands. Partial oxidation of detrital magnetite is spatially associated with calcite cementation in the Santa Fe Group. Both oxidation and cementation probably reflect past flow of groundwater through permeable zones. Magnetic models for geologic cross sections that incorporate mean magnetic susceptibilities for the different stratigraphic units mimic the aeromagnetic profiles across the San Ysidro fault and demonstrate that the stratigraphic level of dominant magnetic contrast changes with different exposure levels into the fault. These data indicate that tectonic juxtaposition of primary variations of magnetic properties of strata across the fault is the source of the associated magnetic anomaly. This study indicates that magnetic anomalies over faults and folds can be generated by sediments (1) deposited within tectonic basins having volcanic or basement source areas rich in magnetite, (2) having depositional environments with sufficient but varying energy to transport dense magnetic minerals and cause stratigraphic changes of magnetic properties, and (3) having magnetic minerals preserved owing to their youth or nonreactive geochemical environments. C1 [Hudson, Mark R.; Grauch, V. J. S.; Minor, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hudson, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mhudson@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 120 IS 5-6 BP 641 EP 658 DI 10.1130/B26213.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 300UJ UT WOS:000255850400009 ER PT J AU Becken, M Ritter, O Park, SK Bedrosian, PA Weckmann, U Weber, M AF Becken, M. Ritter, O. Park, S. K. Bedrosian, P. A. Weckmann, U. Weber, M. TI A deep crustal fluid channel into the San Andreas Fault System near Parkfield, California SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE magnetotelluric; transform faults; crustal structure ID TELLURIC DISTORTION; TENSOR; DECOMPOSITION; BENEATH AB Magnetotelluric (MT) data from 66 sites along a 45-km-long profile across the San Andreas Fault (SAF) were inverted to obtain the 2-D electrical resistivity structure of the crust near the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD). The most intriguing feature of the resistivity model is a steeply dipping upper crustal high-conductivity zone flanking the seismically defined SAF to the NE, that widens into the lower crust and appears to be connected to a broad conductivity anomaly in the upper mantle. Hypothesis tests of the inversion model suggest that upper and lower crustal and upper-mantle anomalies may be interconnected. We speculate that the high conductivities are caused by fluids and may represent a deep-rooted channel for crustal and/or mantle fluid ascent. Based on the chemical analysis of well waters, it was previously suggested that fluids can enter the brittle regime of the SAF system from the lower crust and mantle. At high pressures, these fluids can contribute to fault-weakening at seismogenic depths. These geochemical studies predicted the existence of a deep fluid source and a permeable pathway through the crust. Our resistivity model images a conductive pathway, which penetrates the entire crust, in agreement with the geochemical interpretation. However, the resistivity model also shows that the upper crustal branch of the high-conductivity zone is located NE of the seismically defined SAF, suggesting that the SAF does not itself act as a major fluid pathway. This interpretation is supported by both, the location of the upper crustal high-conductivity zone and recent studies within the SAFOD main hole, which indicate that pore pressures within the core of the SAF zone are not anomalously high, that mantle-derived fluids are minor constituents to the fault-zone fluid composition and that both the volume of mantle fluids and the fluid pressure increase to the NE of the SAF. We further infer from the MT model that the resistive Salinian block basement to the SW of the SAFOD represents an isolated body, being 5-8 km wide and reaching to depths > 7 km, in agreement with aeromagnetic data. This body is separated from a massive block of Salinian crust farther to the SW. The NE terminus of resistive Salinian crust has a spatial relationship with a near-vertical zone of increased seismic reflectivity similar to 15 km SW of the SAF and likely represents a deep-reaching fault zone. C1 [Becken, M.; Ritter, O.; Weckmann, U.; Weber, M.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Park, S. K.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Bedrosian, P. A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Weckmann, U.; Weber, M.] Univ Potsdam, Dept Geosci, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. RP Becken, M (reprint author), Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM becken@gfz-potsdam.de RI Weber, Michael/D-8330-2013 NR 45 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 173 IS 2 BP 718 EP 732 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03754.x PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 287XJ UT WOS:000254949700026 ER PT J AU Lipinski, BA Sams, JI Smith, BD Harbert, W AF Lipinski, Brian A. Sams, James I. Smith, Bruce D. Harbert, William TI Using HEM surveys to evaluate disposal of by-product water from CBNG development in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 1D INVERSION; AIRBORNE; GAS AB Production of methane from thick, extensive coal beds in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming has created water management issues. Since development began in 1997, more than 650 billion liters of water have been produced from approximately 22,000 wells. Infiltration impoundments are used widely to dispose of by-product water from coal bed natural gas (CBNG) production, but their hydrogeologic effects are poorly understood. Helicopter electromagnetic surveys (HEM) were completed in July 2003 and July 2004 to characterize the hydrogeology of an alluvial aquifer along the Powder River. The aquifer is receiving CBNG produced water discharge from infiltration impoundments. HEM data were subjected to Occam's inversion algorithms to determine the aquifer bulk conductivity, which was then correlated to water salinity using site-specific sampling results. The HEM data provided high-resolution images of salinity levels in the aquifer, a result not attainable using traditional sampling methods. Interpretation of these images reveals clearly the produced water influence on aquifer water quality. Potential shortfalls to this method occur where there is no significant contrast in aquifer salinity and infiltrating produced water salinity and where there might be significant changes in aquifer lithology. Despite these limitations, airborne geophysical methods can provide a broadscale (watershed-scale) tool to evaluate CBNG water disposal, especially in areas where field-based investigations are logistically prohibitive. This research has implications for design and location strategies of future CBNG water surface disposal facilities within the Powder River Basin. C1 [Lipinski, Brian A.; Harbert, William] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Lipinski, Brian A.; Sams, James I.; Harbert, William] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Smith, Bruce D.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Imaging & Characterizat Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Lipinski, BA (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM brian.lipinski@gmail.com; jsams@netl.doe.gov; bsmith@usgs.gov; harbert@pitt.edu RI Harbert, William/E-3502-2010 NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 73 IS 3 BP B77 EP B84 DI 10.1190/1.2901200 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 313PE UT WOS:000256751700003 ER PT J AU Hedrick, JB AF Hedrick, James B. TI Mineral resource of the month: Mica SO GEOTIMES LA English DT News Item C1 US Geol Survey, Surrey, England. RP Hedrick, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Surrey, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD MAY PY 2008 VL 53 IS 5 BP 20 EP 20 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 296KH UT WOS:000255541400020 ER PT J AU Mckee, KL Rooth, JE AF Mckee, Karen L. Rooth, Jille E. TI Where temperate meets tropical: multi-factorial effects of elevated CO2, nitrogen enrichment, and competition on a mangrove-salt marsh community SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avicennia germinans; biomass partitioning; coastal ecosystem; ecotone; herbivory; nutrients; plant productivity; seedling recruitment; Spartina alterniflora; vegetation shift ID SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; AVICENNIA-GERMINANS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PLANT-GROWTH; RESPONSES; VEGETATION; LANDSCAPE; LOUISIANA AB Our understanding of how elevated CO2 and interactions with other factors will affect coastal plant communities is limited. Such information is particularly needed for transitional communities where major vegetation types converge. Tropical mangroves (Avicennia germinans) intergrade with temperate salt marshes (Spartina alterniflora) in the northern Gulf of Mexico, and this transitional community represents an important experimental system to test hypotheses about global change impacts on critical ecosystems. We examined the responses of A. germinans (C-3) and S. alterniflora (C-4), grown in monoculture and mixture in mesocosms for 18 months, to interactive effects of atmospheric CO2 and pore water nitrogen (N) concentrations typical of these marshes. A. germinans, grown without competition from S. alterniflora, increased final biomass (35%) under elevated CO2 treatment and higher N availability. Growth of A. germinans was severely curtailed, however, when grown in mixture with S. alterniflora, and enrichment with CO2 and N could not reverse this growth suppression. A field experiment using mangrove seedlings produced by CO2- and N-enriched trees confirmed that competition from S. alterniflora suppressed growth under natural conditions and further showed that herbivory greatly reduced survival of all seedlings. Thus, mangroves will not supplant marsh vegetation due to elevated CO2 alone, but instead will require changes in climate, environmental stress, or disturbance to alter the competitive balance between these species. However, where competition and herbivory are low, elevated CO2 may accelerate mangrove transition from the seedling to sapling stage and also increase above- and belowground production of existing mangrove stands, particularly in combination with higher soil N. C1 [Mckee, Karen L.; Rooth, Jille E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. [Rooth, Jille E.] Elkhorn Slough Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Watsonville, CA 95076 USA. RP Mckee, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA USA. EM karen_mckee@usgs.gov RI McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014 OI McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X NR 55 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 10 U2 63 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 971 EP 984 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01547.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 295GS UT WOS:000255463600003 ER PT J AU von Fischer, JC Tieszen, LL Schimel, DS AF von Fischer, Joseph C. Tieszen, Larry L. Schimel, David S. TI Climate controls on C-3 vs. C-4 productivity in North American grasslands from carbon isotope composition of soil organic matter SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon; climate; competition; C-3; C-4; isotope; photosynthesis; precipitation; soil; temperature ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; GREAT-PLAINS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PERFORMANCE; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; FUNCTIONAL TYPES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MIXED PRAIRIE; C4 GRASSES AB We analyzed the delta C-13 of soil organic matter (SOM) and fine roots from 55 native grassland sites widely distributed across the US and Canadian Great Plains to examine the relative production of C-3 vs. C-4 plants (hereafter %C-4) at the continental scale. Our climate vs. %C-4 results agreed well with North American field studies on %C-4, but showed bias with respect to %C-4 from a US vegetation database (STATSGO) and weak agreement with a physiologically based prediction that depends on crossover temperature. Although monthly average temperatures have been used in many studies to predict %C-4, our analysis shows that high temperatures are better predictors of %C-4. In particular, we found that July climate (average of daily high temperature and month's total rainfall) predicted %C-4 better than other months, seasons or annual averages, suggesting that the outcome of competition between C-3 and C-4 plants in North American grasslands was particularly sensitive to climate during this narrow window of time. Root delta C-13 increased about 1 parts per thousand between the A and B horizon, suggesting that C-4 roots become relatively more common than C-3 roots with depth. These differences in depth distribution likely contribute to the isotopic enrichment with depth in SOM where both C-3 and C-4 grasses are present. C1 [von Fischer, Joseph C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Tieszen, Larry L.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Schimel, David S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP von Fischer, JC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jcvf@mail.colostate.edu RI von Fischer, Joseph/B-5443-2008; OI von Fischer, Joseph/0000-0001-5508-6073 NR 55 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 37 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1141 EP 1155 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01552.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 295GS UT WOS:000255463600016 ER PT J AU Earman, S McPherson, BJOL Phillips, FM Ralser, S Herrin, JM Broska, J AF Earman, Sam McPherson, Brian J. O. L. Phillips, Fred M. Ralser, Steve Herrin, James M. Broska, James TI Tectonic influences on ground water quality: Insight from complementary methods SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID REDUCTION; AQUIFER; BASINS AB A study using multiple techniques provided insight into tectonic influences on ground water systems; the results can help to understand ground water systems in the tectonically active western United States and other parts of the world. Ground water in the San Bernardino Valley (Arizona, United States and Sonora, Mexico) is the main source of water for domestic use, cattle ranching (the primary industry), and the preservation of threatened and endangered species. To improve the understanding of ground water occurrence, movement, and sustainability, an investigation was conducted using a number of complementary methods, including major ion geochemistry, isotope hydrology, analysis of gases dissolved in ground water, aquifer testing, geophysics, and an examination of surface and subsurface geology. By combining information from multiple lines of investigation, a more complete picture of the basin hydrogeology was assembled than would have been possible using fewer methods. The results show that the hydrogeology of the San Bernardino Valley is markedly different than that of its four neighboring basins in the United States. The differences include water quality, chemical evolution, storage, and residence time. The differences result from the locally unique geology of the San Bernardino Valley, which is due to the presence of a magmatically active accommodation zone (a zone separating two regions of normal faults with opposite dips). The geological differences and the resultant hydrological differences between the San Bernardino Valley and its neighboring basins may serve as a model for the distinctive nature of chemical evolution of ground water in other basins with locally distinct tectonic histories. C1 [Earman, Sam; McPherson, Brian J. O. L.; Phillips, Fred M.; Ralser, Steve] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Earth & Environm Sci Dept, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [McPherson, Brian J. O. L.] Univ Utah, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Ralser, Steve] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Herrin, James M.] Chesapeake Energy Corp, Oklahoma City, OK 73154 USA. [Herrin, James M.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Petr Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Broska, James] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Branch Water Resources, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. [Earman, Sam] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Earman, S (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM searman@dri.edu NR 71 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 354 EP 371 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00402.x PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 296NK UT WOS:000255552900003 PM 18194326 ER PT J AU Kulongoski, JT Izbicki, JA AF Kulongoski, Justin T. Izbicki, John A. TI Simulation of fluid, heat transport to estimate desert stream infiltration SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; TEMPERATURE PROFILES; BENEATH ARROYOS; SOILS; WATER; CALIFORNIA AB In semiarid regions, the contribution of infiltration from intermittent streamflow to ground water recharge may be quantified by comparing simulations of fluid and heat transport beneath stream channels to observed ground temperatures. In addition to quantifying natural recharge, streamflow infiltration estimates provide a means to characterize the physical properties of stream channel sediments and to identify suitable locations for artificial recharge sites. Rates of winter streamflow infiltration along stream channels are estimated based on the cooling effect of infiltrated water on streambed sediments, combined with the simulation of two-dimensional fluid and heat transport using the computer program VS2DH. The cooling effect of ground water is determined by measuring ground temperatures at regular intervals beneath stream channels and nearby channel banks in order to calculate temperature-depth profiles. Additional data inputs included the physical, hydraulic, and thermal properties of unsaturated alluvium, and monthly ground temperatures measurements over an annual cycle. Observed temperatures and simulation results can provide estimates of the minimum threshold for deep infiltration, the variability of infiltration along stream channels, and also the frequency of infiltration events. C1 [Kulongoski, Justin T.; Izbicki, John A.] Calif Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Kulongoski, JT (reprint author), Calif Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM kulongos@usgs.gov; jaizbick@usgs.gov OI Kulongoski, Justin/0000-0002-3498-4154 NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 462 EP 474 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00403.x PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 296NK UT WOS:000255552900011 PM 18194325 ER PT J AU Izbicki, JA Flint, AL Stamos, CL AF Izbicki, John A. Flint, Alan L. Stamos, Christina L. TI Artificial recharge through a thick, heterogeneous unsaturated zone SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID ENTRAPPED AIR; CALIFORNIA; WATER AB Thick, heterogeneous unsaturated zones away from large streams in desert areas have not previously been considered suitable for artificial recharge from ponds. To test the potential for recharge in these settings, 1.3 x 10(6) m(3) of water was infiltrated through a 0.36-ha pond along Oro Grande Wash near Victorville, California, between October 2002 and January 2006. The pond overlies a regional pumping depression 117 in below land surface and is located where thickness and permeability of unsaturated deposits allowed infiltration and saturated alluvial deposits were sufficiently permeable to allow recovery of water. Because large changes in water levels caused by nearby pumping would obscure arrival of water at the water table, downward movement of water was measured using sensors in the unsaturated zone. The downward rate of water movement was initially as high as 6 m/d and decreased with depth to 0.07 m/d; the initial time to reach the water table was 3 years. After the unsaturated zone was wetted, water reached the water table in I year. Soluble salts and nitrate moved readily with the infiltrated water, whereas arsenic and chromium were less mobile. Numerical simulations done using the computer program TOUGH2 duplicated the downward rate of water movement, accumulation of water on perched zones, and its arrival at the water table. Assuming 10 x 10(6) m(3) of recharge annually for 20 years, a regional ground water flow model predicted water level rises of 30 in beneath the ponds, and rises exceeding 3 in in most wells serving the nearby urban area. C1 [Izbicki, John A.; Stamos, Christina L.] Calif Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. [Flint, Alan L.] Calif Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Izbicki, JA (reprint author), Calif Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 4165 Spruance Rd, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM jaizbick@usgs.gov; aflint@usgs.gov; clstamos@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 475 EP 488 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00406.x PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 296NK UT WOS:000255552900012 PM 18194322 ER PT J AU Gu, A Gray, F Eastoe, CJ Norman, LM Duarte, O Long, A AF Gu, Ailiang Gray, Floyd Eastoe, Christopher J. Norman, Laura M. Duarte, Oscar Long, Austin TI Tracing ground water input to base flow using sulfate (S, O) isotopes SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN ISOTOPES; SULFUR AB Sulfate (S and O) isotopes used in conjunction with sulfate concentration provide a tracer for ground water contributions to base flow. They are particularly useful in areas where rock sources of contrasting S isotope character are juxtaposed, where water chemistry or H and O isotopes fail to distinguish water sources, and in and areas where rain water contributions to base flow are minimal. Sonoita Creek basin in southern Arizona, where evaporite and igneous sources of sulfur are commonly juxtaposed, serves as an example. Base flow in Sonoita Creek is a mixture of three ground water sources: A, basin ground water with sulfate resembling that from Permian evaporite; B, ground water from the Patagonia Mountains; and C, ground water associated with Temporal Gulch. B and C contain sulfate like that of acid rock drainage in the region but differ in sulfate content. Source A contributes 50% to 70%, with the remainder equally divided between B and C during the base flow seasons. The proportion of B generally increases downstream. The proportion of A is greatest under drought conditions. C1 [Gu, Ailiang] Burgess & Niple Inc, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Gu, Ailiang; Eastoe, Christopher J.; Long, Austin] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Norman, Laura M.; Duarte, Oscar] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Gu, A (reprint author), Burgess & Niple Inc, 1500 N Priest Dr,Suite101, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. EM AGu@burnip.com NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 502 EP 509 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00437.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 296NK UT WOS:000255552900014 PM 18331327 ER EF